Wikipedya htwiki https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paj_Prensipal MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.1 first-letter Medya Espesyal Diskite Itilizatè Diskisyon Itilizatè Wikipedya Diskisyon Wikipedya Fichye Diskisyon Fichye MedyaWiki Diskisyon MedyaWiki Modèl Diskisyon Modèl Èd Diskisyon Èd Kategori Diskisyon Kategori TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk 0 1628 889559 889549 2026-10-29T16:37:49Z Kitanago 19629 Vandalism 889559 wikitext text/x-wiki [[fichye:Latin cross (bold).svg|right|frameless|upright|[[Kwa]] a se senbòl prensipal la nan lafwa kretyen an.]] '''Krisyanis''' se yon relijyon [[monoteyis]], santre sou lavi [[Jezikris]], [[Mesi]]-a, avèk aktivite premye disip yo (ozanviwon premye syèk epòk n ap viv la a), rakonte nan [[Nouvo Testaman]]-an. Krisyanism konsidere yon relijyon abraramik, kòm [[jidayis]] ak [[islamis]]. Chouk yo se jidayism, ki repati anpil tèks sakre epi listwa fòmatif ; espesifikman, li repati [[Ansyen Testaman]] an. Ak kèk 2.100.000.000 (2.1 bilyon) [[kwayan]], ke yo rele [[kretyen]], krisyanis se pi gran relijyon nan [[lemonn]]. == Orijin mo == Mo "krisyanis" la soti nan epitèt [[Jezi]]. Se mo grèk Χριστός [kristòs], ki vle di kris la. Yo atribye l bay [[Jezikris]] sou baz lanmò ak rezirèksyon li kòm senbòl Mesi-a, kidonk, sovè limanite sou ki filozòf grèk yo te konn ap pale a. == Kwayans de baz == Krisyanis la sèvi ak eleman fondamantal relijyon jidayik la ki chita sou revelasyon biblik yo pou fè chemen li. Eleman fondamantal sa yo se : # Kwayans nan yon sèl bondye. Se sa ki fè yo karakterize relijyon sa a kòm yon relijyon monoteyis (apati prefiks grèk μονός [monos], ki vle di yon sèl, ak mo grèk θεός [teyos], dye) # Kwayans nan yon Mesi (apati mo ebre "moshiah" (pwon. mochiya) ki vle di chwazi pou Mesi a, pou sovè a) # kwayans nan rezirèksyon lèmò # kwayans nan yon dènye jijman jeneral k ap genyen pou tout moun apre lafen dimond == Ekriti sent yo == Adisione sou ekriti sent yo trouve nan [[relijyon]] jidayik la (i.e. [[Ansyen Testaman]]), kretyen yo ajoute yon [[Nouvo Testaman]] sou ekriti sa yo ki rakonte [[tradisyon]] premye moman relijyon krisyanis la t ap fòme. Nouvo Testaman sa a gen ladan li kat liv yo rele [[Levanjil]] ki ekri daprè [[Matie|Matye]], [[Mak]], [[Lik]] ak [[Jan]], anplis [[Akdèzapot]] (oswa Travay), kèk lòt lèt yo bay non epit ak liv [[Apokalips]] la. Yo konsidere liv sa yo te ekri ozanviwon dezyèm mwatye premye syèk avan epòk n ap viv la. Epit yo di [[Pòl]] te ekri yo sanble yo pi ansyen pase lòt yo. Yo detèmine gen youn nan epit oswa lèt [[Tesalonikyen]] yo kòm youn nan lèt ki te ekri ozanviwon ane 50 yo konsa. Apre sa, se [[Levanjil]] yo. Liv [[Apokalips]] sanble se li ki te ekri andènye. Kidonk, sanble premye jenerasyon kretyen ki te egziste yo te plis viv nan yon kilti ki gen plis tradisyon oral paske tèks Nouvo Testaman sa yo potko te ekri nan epòk [[apòt]] yo t ap viv la. == Gwoup kretyen yo == Mouvman krisyanis gen anpil faksyon ki fe diferans nan pwen doktrin pa yo epi nan tradisyon yo. Dabitid, krisyanis divize nan kat branch diferan : # Kominyon [[katolik]] (branch sa gen gwoup pi gran, [[Legliz Katolik]] woman, avek Katolik lès, gen anviwòn youn millye manm batize) # [[Krisyanis lès]] (branch sa gen dezyèm pi gran gwoup, Legliz [[òtodoks]] lès, epi ansyen [[Legliz de loriyan]]), # [[Pwotestantis]] (anpil denominasyon, gwoup sa enkli [[Anglikanis]], [[Refòme]], [[Literien]], [[Metodist]], [[batis]], epi [[Pantekostis]]. # Anabaptis yo Osi, gen lòt gwoup konsidere kòm kretyen, ki dabitid pa fe pàti nan lis sa. Legliz sa yo kwè nan kèk nan tradisyon kretyen yo, men yo gen tèlman gran varyasyon nan doktrin yo ke yo pa ka kategorize si fasilman kòm lòt legliz kretyen yo. Legliz sa yo se [[Legliz Jezikri pou Sen Dènye Jou yo]] (Mòmon), [[Advantis Setyèm Jou]] yo, epi [[Temwen Jewova]] yo. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Krisyanis]] 06s2f7d7ti8usscj85yecc1nc2d5h7x 889560 889559 2026-10-29T16:47:55Z Kitanago 19629 889560 wikitext text/x-wiki [[fichye:Latin cross (bold).svg|right|frameless|upright|[[Kwa]] a se senbòl prensipal la nan lafwa kretyen an.]] '''Krisyanis''' se yon relijyon [[monoteyis]], santre sou lavi [[Jezikris]], [[Mesi]]-a, avèk aktivite premye disip yo (ozanviwon premye syèk epòk n ap viv la a), rakonte nan [[Nouvo Testaman]]-an. Krisyanism konsidere yon relijyon abraramik, kòm [[jidayis]] ak [[islamis]]. Chouk yo se jidayism, ki repati anpil tèks sakre epi listwa fòmatif ; espesifikman, li repati [[Ansyen Testaman]] an. Ak kèk 2.100.000.000 (2.1 bilyon) [[kwayan]], ke yo rele [[kretyen]], krisyanis se pi gran relijyon nan [[lemonn|lemon]].<ref name="auto-généré1">[https://www.gordonconwell.edu/center-for-global-christianity/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/Status-of-Global-Christianity-2021.pdf Status of Global Christianity, 2021, in the Context of 1900–2050], consulté le 27 septembre 2021.</ref> == Orijin mo == Mo "krisyanis" la soti nan epitèt [[Jezi]]. Se mo grèk Χριστός [kristòs], ki vle di kris la. Yo atribye l bay [[Jezikris]] sou baz lanmò ak rezirèksyon li kòm senbòl Mesi-a, kidonk, sovè limanite sou ki filozòf grèk yo te konn ap pale a<ref>E. Peterson (1959), "Christianus", in ''Frühkirche, Judentum und Gnosis'', Herder, Freiburg, p. 353–372.</ref>. == Kwayans de baz == Krisyanis la sèvi ak eleman fondamantal relijyon jidayik la ki chita sou revelasyon biblik yo pou fè chemen li. Eleman fondamantal sa yo se :<ref>[[Grande Encyclopédie Larousse]], Christianisme</ref> # Kwayans nan yon sèl bondye. Se sa ki fè yo karakterize relijyon sa a kòm yon relijyon monoteyis (apati prefiks grèk μονός [monos], ki vle di yon sèl, ak mo grèk θεός [teyos], dye) # Kwayans nan yon Mesi (apati mo ebre "moshiah" (pwon. mochiya) ki vle di chwazi pou Mesi a, pou sovè a) # kwayans nan rezirèksyon lèmò # kwayans nan yon dènye jijman jeneral k ap genyen pou tout moun apre lafen dimond == Ekriti sent yo == Adisione sou ekriti sent yo trouve nan [[relijyon]] jidayik la (i.e. [[Ansyen Testaman]]), kretyen yo ajoute yon [[Nouvo Testaman]] sou ekriti sa yo ki rakonte [[tradisyon]] premye moman relijyon krisyanis la t ap fòme. Nouvo Testaman sa a gen ladan li kat liv yo rele [[Levanjil]] ki ekri daprè [[Matie|Matye]], [[Mak]], [[Lik]] ak [[Jan]], anplis [[Akdèzapot]] (oswa Travay), kèk lòt lèt yo bay non epit ak liv [[Apokalips]] la. Yo konsidere liv sa yo te ekri ozanviwon dezyèm mwatye premye syèk avan epòk n ap viv la. Epit yo di [[Pòl]] te ekri yo sanble yo pi ansyen pase lòt yo. Yo detèmine gen youn nan epit oswa lèt [[Tesalonikyen]] yo kòm youn nan lèt ki te ekri ozanviwon ane 50 yo konsa. Apre sa, se [[Levanjil]] yo. Liv [[Apokalips]] sanble se li ki te ekri andènye. Kidonk, sanble premye jenerasyon kretyen ki te egziste yo te plis viv nan yon kilti ki gen plis tradisyon oral paske tèks Nouvo Testaman sa yo potko te ekri nan epòk [[apòt]] yo t ap viv la. == Gwoup kretyen yo == Mouvman krisyanis gen anpil faksyon ki fe diferans nan pwen doktrin pa yo epi nan tradisyon yo. Dabitid, krisyanis divize nan kat branch diferan : # Kominyon [[katolik]] (branch sa gen gwoup pi gran, [[Legliz Katolik]] woman, avek Katolik lès, gen anviwòn youn millye manm batize) # [[Krisyanis lès]] (branch sa gen dezyèm pi gran gwoup, Legliz [[òtodoks]] lès, epi ansyen [[Legliz de loriyan]]), # [[Pwotestantis]] (anpil denominasyon, gwoup sa enkli [[Anglikanis]], [[Refòme]], [[Literien]], [[Metodist]], [[batis]], epi [[Pantekostis]]. # Anabaptis yo Osi, gen lòt gwoup konsidere kòm kretyen, ki dabitid pa fe pàti nan lis sa. Legliz sa yo kwè nan kèk nan tradisyon kretyen yo, men yo gen tèlman gran varyasyon nan doktrin yo ke yo pa ka kategorize si fasilman kòm lòt legliz kretyen yo. Legliz sa yo se [[Legliz Jezikri pou Sen Dènye Jou yo]] (Mòmon), [[Advantis Setyèm Jou]] yo, epi [[Temwen Jewova]] yo. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Krisyanis]] 6ndaqqml9ca24zofv3v3a69shpccaq8 889561 889560 2026-10-29T16:48:44Z Kitanago 19629 889561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} [[fichye:Latin cross (bold).svg|right|frameless|upright|[[Kwa]] a se senbòl prensipal la nan lafwa kretyen an.]] '''Krisyanis''' se yon relijyon [[monoteyis]], santre sou lavi [[Jezikris]], [[Mesi]]-a, avèk aktivite premye disip yo (ozanviwon premye syèk epòk n ap viv la a), rakonte nan [[Nouvo Testaman]]-an. Krisyanism konsidere yon relijyon abraramik, kòm [[jidayis]] ak [[islamis]]. Chouk yo se jidayism, ki repati anpil tèks sakre epi listwa fòmatif ; espesifikman, li repati [[Ansyen Testaman]] an. Ak kèk 2.100.000.000 (2.1 bilyon) [[kwayan]], ke yo rele [[kretyen]], krisyanis se pi gran relijyon nan [[lemonn|lemon]].<ref name="auto-généré1">[https://www.gordonconwell.edu/center-for-global-christianity/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2020/12/Status-of-Global-Christianity-2021.pdf Status of Global Christianity, 2021, in the Context of 1900–2050], consulté le 27 septembre 2021.</ref> == Orijin mo == Mo "krisyanis" la soti nan epitèt [[Jezi]]. Se mo grèk Χριστός [kristòs], ki vle di kris la. Yo atribye l bay [[Jezikris]] sou baz lanmò ak rezirèksyon li kòm senbòl Mesi-a, kidonk, sovè limanite sou ki filozòf grèk yo te konn ap pale a<ref>E. Peterson (1959), "Christianus", in ''Frühkirche, Judentum und Gnosis'', Herder, Freiburg, p. 353–372.</ref>. == Kwayans de baz == Krisyanis la sèvi ak eleman fondamantal relijyon jidayik la ki chita sou revelasyon biblik yo pou fè chemen li. Eleman fondamantal sa yo se :<ref>[[Grande Encyclopédie Larousse]], Christianisme</ref> # Kwayans nan yon sèl bondye. Se sa ki fè yo karakterize relijyon sa a kòm yon relijyon monoteyis (apati prefiks grèk μονός [monos], ki vle di yon sèl, ak mo grèk θεός [teyos], dye) # Kwayans nan yon Mesi (apati mo ebre "moshiah" (pwon. mochiya) ki vle di chwazi pou Mesi a, pou sovè a) # kwayans nan rezirèksyon lèmò # kwayans nan yon dènye jijman jeneral k ap genyen pou tout moun apre lafen dimond == Ekriti sent yo == Adisione sou ekriti sent yo trouve nan [[relijyon]] jidayik la (i.e. [[Ansyen Testaman]]), kretyen yo ajoute yon [[Nouvo Testaman]] sou ekriti sa yo ki rakonte [[tradisyon]] premye moman relijyon krisyanis la t ap fòme. Nouvo Testaman sa a gen ladan li kat liv yo rele [[Levanjil]] ki ekri daprè [[Matie|Matye]], [[Mak]], [[Lik]] ak [[Jan]], anplis [[Akdèzapot]] (oswa Travay), kèk lòt lèt yo bay non epit ak liv [[Apokalips]] la. Yo konsidere liv sa yo te ekri ozanviwon dezyèm mwatye premye syèk avan epòk n ap viv la. Epit yo di [[Pòl]] te ekri yo sanble yo pi ansyen pase lòt yo. Yo detèmine gen youn nan epit oswa lèt [[Tesalonikyen]] yo kòm youn nan lèt ki te ekri ozanviwon ane 50 yo konsa. Apre sa, se [[Levanjil]] yo. Liv [[Apokalips]] sanble se li ki te ekri andènye. Kidonk, sanble premye jenerasyon kretyen ki te egziste yo te plis viv nan yon kilti ki gen plis tradisyon oral paske tèks Nouvo Testaman sa yo potko te ekri nan epòk [[apòt]] yo t ap viv la. == Gwoup kretyen yo == Mouvman krisyanis gen anpil faksyon ki fe diferans nan pwen doktrin pa yo epi nan tradisyon yo. Dabitid, krisyanis divize nan kat branch diferan : # Kominyon [[katolik]] (branch sa gen gwoup pi gran, [[Legliz Katolik]] woman, avek Katolik lès, gen anviwòn youn millye manm batize) # [[Krisyanis lès]] (branch sa gen dezyèm pi gran gwoup, Legliz [[òtodoks]] lès, epi ansyen [[Legliz de loriyan]]), # [[Pwotestantis]] (anpil denominasyon, gwoup sa enkli [[Anglikanis]], [[Refòme]], [[Literien]], [[Metodist]], [[batis]], epi [[Pantekostis]]. # Anabaptis yo Osi, gen lòt gwoup konsidere kòm kretyen, ki dabitid pa fe pàti nan lis sa. Legliz sa yo kwè nan kèk nan tradisyon kretyen yo, men yo gen tèlman gran varyasyon nan doktrin yo ke yo pa ka kategorize si fasilman kòm lòt legliz kretyen yo. Legliz sa yo se [[Legliz Jezikri pou Sen Dènye Jou yo]] (Mòmon), [[Advantis Setyèm Jou]] yo, epi [[Temwen Jewova]] yo. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Krisyanis]] 5thqgam0et04jz8u0joh8da4eiq40qy 889573 889561 2026-10-29T17:39:54Z Emmanuel katrisyon 40856 /* */ 889573 wikitext text/x-wiki [[fichye:Latin cross (bold).svg|right|frameless|upright|[[Kwa]] a se senbòl prensipal la nan lafwa kretyen an.]]Krisyanis se yon relijyon ki baze sou Bib la—ki gen ladan l Ansyen ak Nouvo Testaman an—ak doktrin Trinite a (Papa a, Pitit la, ak Sentespri a). Kwa a se senbòl prensipal la nan lafwa kretyen an. Se yon lafwa ki prezante Bondye kòm yon Trinite, e se Konsèy Nikeya a ki te etabli l. Krisyanis la, ki soutni ke Bondye reprezante yon tyè [yon antye], gen yon kontradiksyon lojik fondamantal nan kè li; byenke gen kèk teyolojyen kretyen ki eseye eksplike sa avèk konsèp "mistè" a, rejte lojik la vle di, an reyalite, aksepte yon definisyon ki pa gen okenn baz nan reyalite a—yon pozisyon ki rann egzistans Bondye a enposib nèt. == Orijin mo == Mo "krisyanis" la soti nan epitèt [[Jezi]]. Se mo grèk Χριστός [kristòs], ki vle di kris la. Yo atribye l bay [[Jezikris]] sou baz lanmò ak rezirèksyon li kòm senbòl Mesi-a, kidonk, sovè limanite sou ki filozòf grèk yo te konn ap pale a<ref>E. Peterson (1959), "Christianus", in ''Frühkirche, Judentum und Gnosis'', Herder, Freiburg, p. 353–372.</ref>. == Kwayans de baz == Krisyanis la sèvi ak eleman fondamantal relijyon jidayik la ki chita sou revelasyon biblik yo pou fè chemen li. Eleman fondamantal sa yo se :<ref>[[Grande Encyclopédie Larousse]], Christianisme</ref> # Kwayans nan yon sèl bondye. Se sa ki fè yo karakterize relijyon sa a kòm yon relijyon monoteyis (apati prefiks grèk μονός [monos], ki vle di yon sèl, ak mo grèk θεός [teyos], dye) # Kwayans nan yon Mesi (apati mo ebre "moshiah" (pwon. mochiya) ki vle di chwazi pou Mesi a, pou sovè a) # kwayans nan rezirèksyon lèmò # kwayans nan yon dènye jijman jeneral k ap genyen pou tout moun apre lafen dimond == Ekriti sent yo == Adisione sou ekriti sent yo trouve nan [[relijyon]] jidayik la (i.e. [[Ansyen Testaman]]), kretyen yo ajoute yon [[Nouvo Testaman]] sou ekriti sa yo ki rakonte [[tradisyon]] premye moman relijyon krisyanis la t ap fòme. Nouvo Testaman sa a gen ladan li kat liv yo rele [[Levanjil]] ki ekri daprè [[Matie|Matye]], [[Mak]], [[Lik]] ak [[Jan]], anplis [[Akdèzapot]] (oswa Travay), kèk lòt lèt yo bay non epit ak liv [[Apokalips]] la. Yo konsidere liv sa yo te ekri ozanviwon dezyèm mwatye premye syèk avan epòk n ap viv la. Epit yo di [[Pòl]] te ekri yo sanble yo pi ansyen pase lòt yo. Yo detèmine gen youn nan epit oswa lèt [[Tesalonikyen]] yo kòm youn nan lèt ki te ekri ozanviwon ane 50 yo konsa. Apre sa, se [[Levanjil]] yo. Liv [[Apokalips]] sanble se li ki te ekri andènye. Kidonk, sanble premye jenerasyon kretyen ki te egziste yo te plis viv nan yon kilti ki gen plis tradisyon oral paske tèks Nouvo Testaman sa yo potko te ekri nan epòk [[apòt]] yo t ap viv la. == Gwoup kretyen yo == Mouvman krisyanis gen anpil faksyon ki fe diferans nan pwen doktrin pa yo epi nan tradisyon yo. Dabitid, krisyanis divize nan kat branch diferan : # Kominyon [[katolik]] (branch sa gen gwoup pi gran, [[Legliz Katolik]] woman, avek Katolik lès, gen anviwòn youn millye manm batize) # [[Krisyanis lès]] (branch sa gen dezyèm pi gran gwoup, Legliz [[òtodoks]] lès, epi ansyen [[Legliz de loriyan]]), # [[Pwotestantis]] (anpil denominasyon, gwoup sa enkli [[Anglikanis]], [[Refòme]], [[Literien]], [[Metodist]], [[batis]], epi [[Pantekostis]]. # Anabaptis yo Osi, gen lòt gwoup konsidere kòm kretyen, ki dabitid pa fe pàti nan lis sa. Legliz sa yo kwè nan kèk nan tradisyon kretyen yo, men yo gen tèlman gran varyasyon nan doktrin yo ke yo pa ka kategorize si fasilman kòm lòt legliz kretyen yo. Legliz sa yo se [[Legliz Jezikri pou Sen Dènye Jou yo]] (Mòmon), [[Advantis Setyèm Jou]] yo, epi [[Temwen Jewova]] yo. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Krisyanis]] axc75maiy6gqpx6ey3wq1chx55tlcis 889574 889573 2026-10-29T17:41:25Z Emmanuel katrisyon 40856 /* Gwoup kretyen yo */ 889574 wikitext text/x-wiki [[fichye:Latin cross (bold).svg|right|frameless|upright|[[Kwa]] a se senbòl prensipal la nan lafwa kretyen an.]]Krisyanis se yon relijyon ki baze sou Bib la—ki gen ladan l Ansyen ak Nouvo Testaman an—ak doktrin Trinite a (Papa a, Pitit la, ak Sentespri a). Kwa a se senbòl prensipal la nan lafwa kretyen an. Se yon lafwa ki prezante Bondye kòm yon Trinite, e se Konsèy Nikeya a ki te etabli l. Krisyanis la, ki soutni ke Bondye reprezante yon tyè [yon antye], gen yon kontradiksyon lojik fondamantal nan kè li; byenke gen kèk teyolojyen kretyen ki eseye eksplike sa avèk konsèp "mistè" a, rejte lojik la vle di, an reyalite, aksepte yon definisyon ki pa gen okenn baz nan reyalite a—yon pozisyon ki rann egzistans Bondye a enposib nèt. == Orijin mo == Mo "krisyanis" la soti nan epitèt [[Jezi]]. Se mo grèk Χριστός [kristòs], ki vle di kris la. Yo atribye l bay [[Jezikris]] sou baz lanmò ak rezirèksyon li kòm senbòl Mesi-a, kidonk, sovè limanite sou ki filozòf grèk yo te konn ap pale a<ref>E. Peterson (1959), "Christianus", in ''Frühkirche, Judentum und Gnosis'', Herder, Freiburg, p. 353–372.</ref>. == Kwayans de baz == Krisyanis la sèvi ak eleman fondamantal relijyon jidayik la ki chita sou revelasyon biblik yo pou fè chemen li. Eleman fondamantal sa yo se :<ref>[[Grande Encyclopédie Larousse]], Christianisme</ref> # Kwayans nan yon sèl bondye. Se sa ki fè yo karakterize relijyon sa a kòm yon relijyon monoteyis (apati prefiks grèk μονός [monos], ki vle di yon sèl, ak mo grèk θεός [teyos], dye) # Kwayans nan yon Mesi (apati mo ebre "moshiah" (pwon. mochiya) ki vle di chwazi pou Mesi a, pou sovè a) # kwayans nan rezirèksyon lèmò # kwayans nan yon dènye jijman jeneral k ap genyen pou tout moun apre lafen dimond == Ekriti sent yo == Adisione sou ekriti sent yo trouve nan [[relijyon]] jidayik la (i.e. [[Ansyen Testaman]]), kretyen yo ajoute yon [[Nouvo Testaman]] sou ekriti sa yo ki rakonte [[tradisyon]] premye moman relijyon krisyanis la t ap fòme. Nouvo Testaman sa a gen ladan li kat liv yo rele [[Levanjil]] ki ekri daprè [[Matie|Matye]], [[Mak]], [[Lik]] ak [[Jan]], anplis [[Akdèzapot]] (oswa Travay), kèk lòt lèt yo bay non epit ak liv [[Apokalips]] la. Yo konsidere liv sa yo te ekri ozanviwon dezyèm mwatye premye syèk avan epòk n ap viv la. Epit yo di [[Pòl]] te ekri yo sanble yo pi ansyen pase lòt yo. Yo detèmine gen youn nan epit oswa lèt [[Tesalonikyen]] yo kòm youn nan lèt ki te ekri ozanviwon ane 50 yo konsa. Apre sa, se [[Levanjil]] yo. Liv [[Apokalips]] sanble se li ki te ekri andènye. Kidonk, sanble premye jenerasyon kretyen ki te egziste yo te plis viv nan yon kilti ki gen plis tradisyon oral paske tèks Nouvo Testaman sa yo potko te ekri nan epòk [[apòt]] yo t ap viv la. == Gwoup kretyen yo == Mouvman krisyanis gen anpil faksyon ki fe diferans nan pwen doktrin pa yo epi nan tradisyon yo. Dabitid, krisyanis divize nan kat branch diferan : # Kominyon [[katolik]] (branch sa gen gwoup pi gran, [[Legliz Katolik]] woman, avek Katolik lès, gen anviwòn youn millye manm batize) # [[Krisyanis lès]] (branch sa gen dezyèm pi gran gwoup, Legliz [[òtodoks]] lès, epi ansyen [[Legliz de loriyan]]), # [[Pwotestantis]] (anpil denominasyon, gwoup sa enkli [[Anglikanis]], [[Refòme]], [[Literien]], [[Metodist]], [[batis]], epi [[Pantekostis]]. # Anabaptis yo # Unitaryen Osi, gen lòt gwoup konsidere kòm kretyen, ki dabitid pa fe pàti nan lis sa. Legliz sa yo kwè nan kèk nan tradisyon kretyen yo, men yo gen tèlman gran varyasyon nan doktrin yo ke yo pa ka kategorize si fasilman kòm lòt legliz kretyen yo. Legliz sa yo se [[Legliz Jezikri pou Sen Dènye Jou yo]] (Mòmon), [[Advantis Setyèm Jou]] yo, epi [[Temwen Jewova]] yo. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Krisyanis]] hwzc8mk139abztq0la10jnpvumnkwwh 0 3225 889617 888252 2026-10-30T04:16:28Z T0pc3ll3nT 40867 Ajoute lyen pou "Latè" nan kòmansma atik la. 889617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gade omonim}} [[Fichye:Systemes de continents.gif|vignette| Kat anime ki montre [[#Nombre de continents|sistèm kontinan yo]].]] Yon '''kontinan''' (ki soti nan mo laten ''continere'', ki vle di "kenbe ansanm," oubyen ''continents terra'', ki vle di "tè kontinyèl") literalman refere a yon gwo mas tè kontinyèl sou sifas [[Latè]]. Sepandan, nan jewografi, definisyon an souvan modifye selon kritè ki baze sou nòm istorik ak kiltirèl. Pa egzanp, gen kèk sistèm kontinantal ki konsidere [[Ewòp]] ak [[Azi]] kòm de kontinan, alòske Eurazi wè li kòm yon sèl mas tè. Sitiyasyon sa a mennen egzistans plizyè modèl kontinantal, ki varye ant kat ak sèt kontinan. Men sa pa t toujou konsa, epi modèl sa yo varye pandan listwa ak dekouvèt nouvo teritwa. Nan itilizasyon komen li, zòn kontinantal la gen ladan tou ti zile ki trè pre kòt la, men se pa sa yo ki separe pa gwo bout lanmè. Nan yon pèspektiv jeyolojik, kontinan yo gen ladan tou zile ki tache ak plak kontinantal, tankou Zile Britanik yo an relasyon ak Erazi. == Istwa Tèm nan == === Premye Definisyon yo === [[Fichye:Strabo.jpg|vignette|Jewograf grèk la [[Strabon]] ki kenbe yon glòb ki make ''Ewòp'' ak ''Azi''.]] Premye distenksyon ant kontinan yo te fèt pa maren grèk ansyen yo ki te bay non tè ki sou chak bò vwa navigab [[Lanmè Eje]] a, [[Dadanèl|Detwa Dadanèl]], [[Lanmè Marmara]], Detwa Bosfò a, ak [[Lanmè Nwa]]<ref name="Toynbee">[[Arnold J. Toynbee|Toynbee, Arnold J.]] (1954). ''A Study of History''. London: Oxford University Press, v. 8, {{p.|711-12}}.</ref>. Okòmansman, yo te sèlman aplike non yo sou tè ki toupre kòt la epi apre sa yo te pwolonje yo nan zòn andeyò a.<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=H. F.|nom1=Tozer|titre=A History of Ancient Geography|éditeur=University Press|lieu=Cambridge|année=1897|passage=69}}</ref>. Pansè nan Grès Ansyen te diskite si Afrik (yo te rele Libi lè sa a) ta dwe konsidere kòm yon pati nan Azi oswa yon twazyèm pati nan mond lan. Yon divizyon an twa pati te evantyèlman genyen.<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=H. F.|nom1=Tozer|titre=A History of Ancient Geography|éditeur=University Press|lieu=Cambridge|année=1897|passage=67}}</ref>. Nan pèspektiv grèk la, lanmè Eje a te sant mond lan, avèk Azi nan lès, Ewòp nan lwès ak nan nò, epi Afrik nan sid.<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=Martin W.|nom1=Lewis|auteur2=Kären E. Wigen|titre=The Myth of Continents|sous-titre=a Critique of Metageography|éditeur=[[University of California Press]]|lieu=Berkeley|année=1997|pages totales=344|passage=21-22|isbn=0-520-20742-4|isbn2=0-520-20743-2|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLT8X5E3bZIC&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>. Pandan ke limit jewografik yo pa ka chanje (sou yon echèl tan imen), limit ki genyen ant kontinan yo pa fiks. Depi nan kòmansman, yo te konsidere fwontyè ant Ewòp ak Azi a soti nan Lanmè Nwa a, sou Rivyè [[Rioni]] (yo te rele l Phasis lè sa a) nan [[Jeoji|Jeòji]]. Pita, yo te konsidere li soti nan Lanmè Nwa a nan [[Detwa Kerch]], [[Lanmè Azov]], epi sou Rivyè [[Don (rivyè)|Don]] (yo te rele l Tanais lè sa a) nan Larisi<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=H. F.|nom1=Tozer|titre=A History of Ancient Geography|éditeur=University Press|lieu=Cambridge|année=1897|passage=68}}</ref>. Anjeneral, yo te konsidere Nil la kòm fwontyè ant Azi ak Afrik. Herodotus, tradui pa George Rawlinson (2000), nan *Istwa Herodotus of Halicarnassus* li a, Ames, Iowa: Omphaloskepsis, Liv 2, p. 18, te fè objeksyon kont opinyon sa a, ki te mete Ejip sou de kontinan. Se poutèt sa, li te aliyen fwontyè ant Azi ak Afrik ak fwontyè lwès Ejip la, kidonk li te mete peyi a nan Azi. Li te kesyone tou divizyon an twa nan sa ki an reyalite se yon sèl mas tè. ''[[Ankèt (Ewodot)|Istwa Ewodot nan Halicarnassus]]''. <ref>{{en}} [[Hérodote]]. Traduit par George Rawlinson (2000). ''[[Enquête (Hérodote)|The Histories of Herodotus of Halicarnassus]]''. Ames, Iowa: Omphaloskepsis, livre 4, {{p.|38}}. "I cannot conceive why three names... should ever have been given to a tract which is in reality one"</ref>, yon deba ki kontinye prèske de milenè edmi pita. [[Fichye:T and O map Guntherus Ziner 1472.jpg|vignette|Pi ansyen egzanp enprime [[T-Map|kat T-O]] la, ki montre 3 kontinan yo kòm domèn pitit gason [[Noe (patriyach)|Noe]] yo: [[Sèm (Bib)|Sèm]], Jafèt ([[Jafèt]]) ak Kam ([[Kam (pitit gason Noe)|Kam]]).]] [[Eratostèn]], nan 3yèm syèk la, te note ke gen kèk jewograf ki te divize kontinan yo pa rivyè (Nil la ak Don an), kidonk konsidere yo kòm zile. Gen lòt ki te divize kontinan yo pa istm, kidonk yo te rele kontinan yo penensil. Jeyograf sa yo te fikse fwontyè ant Ewòp ak Azi nan istm ki ant [[Lanmè Nwa|lanmè nwa]] a ak Lanmè Kaspyèn nan, epi fwontyè ant Azi ak Afrik nan istm ki ant Lanmè Wouj la ak bouch Lak Bardawil sou Lanmè Mediterane a. [[Strabon]] Tradiksyon Horace Leonard Jones (1917).<ref>{{en}} [[Strabon]]. Traduit par Horace Leonard Jones (1917). ''[[Geographica|Geography]]''.[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/] Harvard University Press, livre 1, {{chap.|4}}.[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/1D*.html]</ref>. Pandan peryòd Women an ak Mwayennaj yo, kèk otè te pran Isthmus Suez la kòm fwontyè ant Azi ak Afrik, men pifò te kontinye konsidere Nil la oswa fwontyè lwès peyi Lejip la kòm fwontyè a. Nan Mwayennaj yo, mond lan te reprezante sou kat jeyografik T la, avèk T a ki reprezante dlo ki divize twa kontinan yo. === Arive Ewopeyen yo nan Amerik === [[Kristòf Kolon]] te travèse Oseyan Atlantik la pou l rive nan Zantiy yo an [[1492]], sa ki te louvri chemen pou eksplorasyon ak kolonizasyon Ewopeyen yo nan Amerik yo. Men, malgre kat vwayaj li yo nan direksyon lwès, Kristòf Kolon pa t janm konnen li te rive sou yon nouvo kontinan epi li te pèsiste nan kwè li te rive nan Azi. An [[1501]], [[Amerigo Vespucci]] te pilòt yon ekspedisyon ki t ap navige sou kòt Brezil la. Manm ekspedisyon an te vwayaje yon bon bout tan nan sid sou kòt Amerik di Sid la, sa ki te konfime ke tè yo t ap travèse a te gen pwopòsyon kontinantal<ref name=OGorman>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=[[Edmundo O'Gorman]]|lien auteur1=Edmundo O'Gorman|titre=The Invention of America|éditeur=Indiana University Press|année=1961|passage=106-112}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>[http://www.americas-fr.com/histoire/vespucci.html Amerigo Vespucci : Un nom pour le Nouveau Monde]</ref>. Lè Vespucci te retounen an Ewòp, li te pibliye yon rapò sou vwayaj li a ki rele "Mundus Novus" (Nouvo Mond) an 1502 oswa 1503<ref name="formisano1">Formisano, Luciano (Ed.) (1992). ''Letters from a New World: Amerigo Vespucci's Discovery of America''. New York: Marsilio, pp. xx-xxi. {{ISBN|0-941419-62-2}}.</ref>, men li sanble te gen adisyon oswa modifikasyon pa yon lòt otè.<ref name="Zerubavel1">Zerubavel, Eviatar (2003). ''Terra Cognita: The Mental Discovery of America''. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, {{p.|77–79}}. {{ISBN|0-7658-0987-7}}.</ref>. Kèlkeswa moun ki te ekri pawòl sa yo, nou ka li nan "Mundus Novus" {{sitasyon|Mwen te dekouvri yon kontinan nan rejyon sid sa yo ki gen plis moun ak bèt pase an [[Ewòp]], an [[Azi]] oswa an [[Afrik]]}}<ref name="formisano2">Formisano, Luciano (Ed.) (1992). ''Letters from a New World: Amerigo Vespucci's Discovery of America''. New York: Marsilio, {{p.|45}}. {{ISBN|0-941419-62-2}}.</ref>, premye idantifikasyon eksplisit Amerik la, yon kontinan tankou twa lòt yo. [[File:Waldseemuller map 2.jpg|vignette|Kat Waldseemüller an 1507 la, pibliye pa Martin Waldseemüller, se te premye kat mondyal ki te mansyone Amerik.]] Apre kèk ane, non Nouvo Monn nan te kòmanse parèt kòm yon non pou Amerik di Sid sou kat, tankou Oliveriana (Pesaro) ki date 1504-1505. Kat epòk la montre byen klè Amerik di Nò konekte ak Azi epi Amerik di Sid kòm yon tè apa.<ref name=Zerubavel1/>. An 1507, Martin Waldseemüller te pibliye yon kat mondyal, "Cosmographia Universalis," ki te premye a ki te montre Amerik di Nò ak Amerik di Sid separe ak Azi epi antoure pa dlo. Yon ti ankad anlè kat prensipal la te eksplike pou premye fwa ke Amerik te nan lès Azi epi separe ak Azi pa yon oseyan, paske Amerik te mete nan ekstrèm agoch ​​kat la epi Azi nan ekstrèm adwat, sa ki te ka lakòz konfizyon. Nan liv ki akonpaye liv la, "Cosmographiae Introductio," Waldseemüller te note ke tè a te divize an kat pati: Ewòp, Azi, Afrik, ak yon katriyèm pati ke li te pran non li apati premye non Amerigo Vespucci. <ref name="Zerubavel2">Zerubavel, Eviatar (2003). ''Terra Cognita: The Mental Discovery of America''. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, {{p.|80–82}}. {{ISBN|0-7658-0987-7}}.</ref>. Sou kat la, mo {{sitasyon|Amerika}} a plase sou yon pati nan Amerik di Sid. === Etimoloji === Depi XVI syèk la syèk, mo a "kontinan" yo itilize kòm yon non pou refere a yon "zòn tè ki limite pa youn oubyen plizyè oseyan": an 1532, A. Fabre te note nan ''Extrait ou recueil des isles neuve trouvees'', "tè a yo te wè byen lwen anvan yo te kole ak kontinan nou an".<ref name=":02">{{Lyen brize|langue=français|titre=Continent, subst. masc.|url=http://atilf.atilf.fr/dendien/scripts/tlfiv5/visusel.exe?12;s=3492753105;r=1;nat=;sol=1;|site=Le trésor de la langue française informatisé|consulté le=14 novembre 2014}}</ref> Apre sa, li te vin gen lòt siyifikasyon tou, tankou siyifikasyon angle "tè pwensipal kontrèman ak yon zile ", oubyen menm "Ewòp konpare ak Angletè»" <ref name=":03">{{Lyen brize|langue=français|titre=Continent, subst. masc.|url=http://atilf.atilf.fr/dendien/scripts/tlfiv5/visusel.exe?12;s=3492753105;r=1;nat=;sol=1;|site=Le trésor de la langue française informatisé|consulté le=14 novembre 2014}}</ref>{{,}} <ref>{{Ouvrage|auteur1=G. Lyttleton|titre=Nouvelles lettres persanes, traduites de l'anglois|lieu=Londres|année=1735|pages totales=(voir par exemple G. Lyttleton, Nouvelles lettres persanes, traduites de l'anglois, t. II, p. 175)|passage=t. II, p. 175}}</ref>. Mo a «kontinan " te deja egziste an fransė. Premye aparisyon li nan lang ekri a dat depi XII syèk la. " syèk la, men yo te itilize l pou dekri yon moun ki pratike kontinans, sa vle di, ki te absteni, totalman oswa pasyèlman, nan relasyon seksyèl. Itilize nan yon sans jewografik, tèm nan prete nan mo laten kontinan, patisip prezan nan ''continere'' . rete konekte ", ki te itilize kòm yon non nan laten klasik pou refere a "tè pwensipal Ou ka jwenn li nan tradiksyon tèks grèk ak laten sou « yo.«pati " nan mond lan, byenke pa t gen okenn mo nan lang orijinal la ki te gen egzakteman menm siyifikasyon ak ''kontinan'' ki te itilize a <ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=Martin W.|nom1=Lewis|auteur2=Kären E. Wigen|titre=The Myth of Continents|sous-titre=a Critique of Metageography|éditeur=[[University of California Press]]|lieu=Berkeley|année=1997|pages totales=344|passage=29|isbn=0-520-20742-4|isbn2=0-520-20743-2|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLT8X5E3bZIC&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>. Piske yo te itilize tèm "kontinan" an pou zòn ki te gen yon kontinwite tè relativman piti, jewograf yo te soulve kesyon [[Hérodote|Herodote]] a ankò sou poukisa yo ta dwe divize yon sèl gwo mas tè an de kontinan. Nan mitan XVII syèk la Nan 19yèm syèk la, [[Peter Heylin]] te ekri nan ''Kosmografi'' li a ke « Yon kontinan se yon gwo kantite tè, ki pa separe pa yon lanmè ak rès mond lan, tankou tout kontinan Ewòp la, nan Azi, nan Afrik. An «, [[1727 (almanak gregoryen)|Ephraim]] [[Ephraïm Chambers|Chambers]] te ekri nan ''Cyclopædia'' li a « Anjeneral, mond lan divize an de gwo kontinan. : ansyen an ak nouvo a. Epi, nan atlas li an 1752 a, [[Emanuel Bowen]] te defini yon kontinan « ««yon gwo zòn tè sèk ki gen ladan plizyè peyi, san separasyon pa dlo. Kidonk, Ewòp, Azi ak Afrik se yon sèl gwo kontinan, Amerik se yon lòt. » <ref>{{En}} Bowen, Emanuel. (1752). ''A Complete Atlas, or Distinct View of the Known World''. London, {{p.|3}}.</ref> Sepandan, ansyen lide Ewòp, Azi ak Afrik kòm « pati » nan mond lan finalman pèsiste, kounye a yo konsidere sa yo kòm kontinan. Pi lwen pase kat kontinan yoDepi fen XVIIIe syèk la, kèk [[jewograf]] te kòmanse konsidere Amerik di Nò ak Amerik di Sid kòm de pati nan mond lan, sa ki fè yon total senk pati. Sepandan, divizyon an kat te vin pi gaye an jeneral pandan XIX syèk la. syèk <ref name="lewis302">{{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=Martin W.|nom1=Lewis|auteur2=Kären E. Wigen|titre=The Myth of Continents|sous-titre=a Critique of Metageography|éditeur=[[University of California Press]]|lieu=Berkeley|année=1997|pages totales=344|passage=30|isbn=0-520-20742-4|isbn2=0-520-20743-2|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLT8X5E3bZIC&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>. Ewopeyen yo te dekouvri [[Ostrali]] an [[1606 (almanak gregoryen)|1606]], men pandan yon tan li te konsidere kòm yon pati nan Azi. Nan fen XVIII syèk la Nan 19yèm syèk la, kèk jewograf te konsidere li kòm yon kontinan apa, sa ki te fè li sizyèm lan (oswa senkyèm lan pou moun ki konsidere Amerik kòm yon sèl kontinan) <ref name="lewis30">{{Cite book}}</ref> . An 1815, [[Samuel Butler (1774-1839)|Samuel Butler]] te ekri sou Ostrali. « Nouvo Oland, yon gwo zile, ke kèk jewograf rele yon lòt kontinan " epi [[Oxford English Dictionary|Diksyonè Angle Oxford]] la toujou anbigwi kèk deseni aprė<ref>{{En}} "continent n. 5. a." (1989) ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', {{2nd-en}} edition. [[Oxford University Press]]. "the great island of Australia is sometimes reckoned as another [continent]"</ref> . Yo te wè [[Antatik (kontinan)|Antatik]] an [[1820 (almanak gregoryen)|1820]] epi [[Charles Wilkes]] te dekri li kòm yon kontinan pandan [[Expédition Wilkes|Ekspedisyon Wilkes]] la an 1838; se te dènye kontinan yo te idantifye a, byenke yo te konsidere egzistans yon gwo teritwa Antatik pandan plizyè milenè. An 1849,  ki montre Antatik kòm yon kontinan, men se kèk lòt atlas sèlman ki te fè sa jouk aprė Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la <ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=Martin W.|nom1=Lewis|auteur2=Kären E. Wigen|titre=The Myth of Continents|sous-titre=a Critique of Metageography|éditeur=[[University of California Press]]|lieu=Berkeley|année=1997|pages totales=344|passage=32, 220|isbn=0-520-20742-4|isbn2=0-520-20743-2|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLT8X5E3bZIC&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>. Nan XIX syèk la Nan 4yèm syèk anvan Jezikri, [[Mayanisme|Mayanis]] [[Augustus Le Plongeon]] te pwopoze ipotèz yon nouvo kontinan, yo te rele [[Mu (continent)|Mu]]. Li te baze sa sou tradiksyon—ki te konteste pita— [[Codex tro-cortesianus|Codex Trocortesianus]] pa [[Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg|Brasseur de Bourbourg]] <ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=Augustus Le Plongeon|titre=Queen Móo & The Egyptian Sphinx|éditeur=The Author|année=1896|passage=277|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=x74RAAAAYAAJ}}</ref>. Yo te imajine lòt kontinan ipotetik nan yon epòk kote jewoloji a te mwens avanse pase sa l ye kounye a. Se ka [[Lémurie|Lemuria]] a, yon kontinan yo konsidere kòm yon fason pou eksplike disparisyon sèten [[mamifè]] <ref>[http://www.oeildusphinx.com/lemuria.html Les Mondes Perdus]</ref>. Nou ka mansyone tou [[Atlantid|Atlantis]], yo te mansyone l pou premye fwa nan IV syèk anvan Jezikri. syèk BC -C., kontinan ipotetik sa a ki te koule a toujou sijè espekilasyon jodi a <ref>Charles Berlitz, ''Le mystère de l'Atlantide'', 1977, avant-propos.</ref>. [[Drapeau olympique|Drapo olenpik]] la, ki te fèt an 1913, gen senk bag ki reprezante senk peyi abite yo, li konsidere Amerik kòm yon sèl kontinan epi li pa enkli Antatik <ref name="IOC2">{{Lien brisé|url=http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_1303.pdf|titre=''The Olympic symbols.''}} [[Comité international olympique]]. 2002. Lausanne: Olympic Museum and Studies Centre. Les cinq anneaux du drapeau olympique représentent les cinq "continents" ({{Lien brisé|url=http://moscow2001.olympic.org/en/pdf/members_by_continent.pdf|titre=Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania}}) ; l'Antarctique est exclu du drapeau. Voir aussi [http://www.acnolympic.org Association of National Olympic Committees] : {{Lien brisé|url=http://www.acnoa.info}}</ref>. Depi mitan XIXe syèk la, atlas Etazini yo te souvan trete Amerik di Nò ak Amerik di Sid kòm de kontinan, sa ki konsistan avèk konpreyansyon jewoloji ak tektonik plak yo. Sepandan, li pa t estraòdinè pou atlas ameriken yo trete yo kòm yon sèl kontinan, omwen jiska [[Dezyèm Gè mondyal|Dezyèm Gè Mondyal]] la <ref name="lewis322">{{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=Martin W.|nom1=Lewis|auteur2=Kären E. Wigen|titre=The Myth of Continents|sous-titre=a Critique of Metageography|éditeur=[[University of California Press]]|lieu=Berkeley|année=1997|pages totales=344|passage=32|isbn=0-520-20742-4|isbn2=0-520-20743-2|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLT8X5E3bZIC&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>. Anplis, dènye pwendvi sa a toujou valab an Ewòp jodi a.{{Referans nesesè}} . Sepandan, nan dènye ane sa yo, gen yon konsansis ki grandi pou fè Ewòp ak Azi, ke tradisyonèlman yo konsidere kòm de kontinan, tounen yon sèl kontinan yo rele « Eurazi — konpatib tou ak konpreyansyon jewoloji ak tektonik plak. Nan modèl sa a, mond lan divize an sis kontinan (si yo konsidere Amerik di Nò ak Amerik di Sid kòm kontinan separe). Anekdotikman, nou pale tou de " ''nyèm'' kontinan "pou dekri [[Vortex de déchets|plak dechè ki]] nan [[Plaque de déchets de l'Atlantique nord|Atlantik Nò]] ak [[Plaque de déchets du Pacifique nord|Pasifik Nò a]], plis espesyalman yo rele [[Vortex de déchets du Pacifique nord|Plak Fatra Pasifik Nò a]] ." == Definisyon ak aplikasyon == Pa gen yon sèl definisyon pou yon kontinan. Se poutèt sa diferan kilti ak syans gen diferan lis kontinan. Nan yon pwen de vi restriktif, yon kontinan dwe yon gwo mas tè kontinyèl (ki parèt), ke zile ki tou pre yo ka asosye avèk li (gade lis soudivizyon kontinan ki anba a). Kritè orijinal pou deziyen yon kontinan, kritè jewografik la, pafwa yo inyore l an favè kritè ki pi abitrè, souvan lye ak listwa ak kilti. Anfèt, pami sèt kontinan ki pi souvan aksepte yo, se sèlman Antatik ak Oseyani ki separe de lòt kontinan yo pa yon gwo kantite dlo ( [[Antatik (oseyan)|Oseyan Sid la]] ak lanmè achipèl Endyen an), alòske lòt yo separe sèlman pa [[Etwa|detwa]], pafwa fasil pou pase. === Limit kontinantal yo === Piske definisyon yon kontinan souvan abitrè, limit ki genyen ant yo pa toujou byen defini. Yo prefere fwontyè maritim, men sa yo pa toujou satisfezan, sitou akòz anpil zile ki genyen nan [[Oseyani]]. [[Fichye:Pm-map.png|vignette|[[Panama|Repiblik Panama a]], yon pon ant de [[Amerik|Amerik yo]].]] Gen kèk fwontyè ki jwi yon sèten konsansis akòz klète jewografik yo: * An [[Ewòp]], [[Détroit de Gibraltar|detwa Jibralta]] la konvansyonèlman make fwontyè sid li ak Afrik, nan lwès la <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lapenseedemidi.org/revues/revue10/articles/Galmot.pdf |title=En Afrique, des frontières de l'Europe |access-date=2025-11-20 |archive-date=2008-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081115061117/http://www.lapenseedemidi.org/revues/revue10/articles/Galmot.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ; pandan ke detwa [[Bosphore|Bosfò]] ak [[Dardanelles|Dardanèl]] yo make fwontyè li ak [[Asie du Sud-Ouest|Sidwès Azi]], nan lès la ; * Fwontyè ant Azi ak [[Afrik]] jeneralman fikse nan [[Canal de Suez|Kanal Suez]] la, ki ekskli [[Sinaï|Sinayi]] a nan Afrik <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediefrancaise.com/L'Asie.html|title=L'Asie|website=Encyclopédie Française|access-date=6 avril 2009}}.</ref> ; * Fwontyè ant Azi ak Amerik la fiks nan [[Détroit de Béring|detwa Bering lan.]] ; * [[Amerik]] divize ant pati [[Amerik dinò|Nò]] ak [[Amerik disid|Sid]] li yo pa [[Isthme de Panama|Isthmus Panama a]] (epi plis espesyalman pa [[Kanal Panama|kanal]] la). Akòz demakasyon fwontyè sa yo ki abitrè jewografikman, peyi tankou [[Ejip]], [[Tiki]], ak [[Panama]] twouve yo sou de kontinan. Anplis, fwontyè tankou kanal Suez ak Panama yo trè kesyonab, yo se atifisyèl nèt epi yo defòme reyalite jewografik natirèl la. Se poutèt sa, gen kèk jewograf ki pwopoze pou deplase fwontyè yo, omwen, nan limit politik ki pi prė separasyon jewografik la. [[Fichye:Map_of_Europe_(political).png|vignette|Yon egzanp sou fwontyè abitrè Ewòp modèn nan.{{Lejand/Kòmanse}}{{Lejand|#67e863|L'Europe}} {{Lejand|#9ac0ea|Territoire asiatique des pays transcontinentaux}} {{Lejand|#5d66be|Géographiquement en Asie/Amérique, mais considéré en Europe par son histoire et sa culture}}{{Lejand/Fin}}]] Gen lòt fwontyè ki pi kontwovèse.: * Divizyon ant Oseyani ak Azi a toujou lajman deba jodi a. Nan [[1831 (almanak gregoryen)|lane 1831]], eksploratè ak jewograf [[Jules Dumont d'Urville]] te divize [[Oseyani]] an kat rejyon. [[Polynésie|Polinezi]], [[Micronésie (région)|Mikwonezi]], [[Mélanésie|Melanezi]], ak [[Insulinde|Achipèl Malay]] la (yo te rele Malezi lè sa a) <ref name="d'urville">Jules Dumont d'Urville, Bulletin de la Société de Géographie de Paris ({{nobr romains|Tome XVII}}, {{n°|5}}, {{date-|janvier 1832}} {{Gallica|id=bpt6k37615z}})</ref> . Lèt la ta pita tache ak Azi, men li sanble ke, pa respè pou konvansyon politik ak diferans kiltirèl, tout [[Endonezi|teritwa Endonezyen an]] te enkli nan espas Azyatik la, ki gen ladan [[Nouvelle-Guinée occidentale|Nouvèl Gine Lwès]], pandan ke [[Papwazi-Nouvèl-Gine|Papouazi Nouvèl Gine]] te rete nan Oseyani. Sepandan, sa ekivalan a mete fwontyè a absidman nan mitan [[Nouvelle-Guinée|Nouvèl Gine]], san okenn jistifikasyon estrikteman jewografik tankou topografi. Nati abitrè liy demarkasyon an ap pouse jewograf yo rekonsidere li kounye a. Gen moun ki kwè li ta pi apwopriye pou itilize [[Ligne Wallace|Liy Wallace]] la <ref>[http://www.starfish.ch/dive/Wallacea.html Wallacea - a transition zone from Asia to Australia, specially rich in marine life and on land.]</ref>, alòske gen lòt ki ta prefere rete sèlman sou Achipèl Malay la, men san konte [[Timò oryantal]] ansanm ak Nouvèl Gine lwès. ; * Fwontyè ki pi konteste a se san dout fwontyè ant Azi ak Ewòp, akòz mank yon separasyon klè ak presi nan vas espas ki genyen ant [[Aktik|Oseyan Aktik]] la ak [[Mer Caspienne|Lanmè Kaspyèn]] nan <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafe-geo.net/article.php3?id_article=625|title=Quelles frontières pour l’Europe ?|year=2005|website=Cafe-geo.net|access-date=15 avril 2009|archive-date=2010-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612153104/http://cafe-geo.net/article.php3?id_article=625|dead-url=yes}}.</ref> {{,}} <ref>[http://rh19.revues.org/document1062.html Gilles Pécout [dir.&#x5D;, Penser les frontières de l’Europe du {{sp-|XIX|au|XXI}}. Élargissement et union : approches historiques, Paris, Éditions ENS rue d’Ulm et Presses Universitaires de France, 2004, {{nb p.|378}}]. {{ISBN|2130543014}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ifri.org/frontDispatcher/ifri/publications/articles_1036502931790/publi_P_publi_tdm_turkey_1086708191879 |title=ifri |access-date=2025-11-20 |archive-date=2008-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616200547/http://www.ifri.org/frontDispatcher/ifri/publications/articles_1036502931790/publi_P_publi_tdm_turkey_1086708191879 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> . Jewograf yo te deplase [[Limites de l'Europe|limit Ewòp yo]] pandan plizyè syèk e yo pa byen defini. Kidonk, nan XVIII la Nan 18yèm syèk la, [[Pyè Legran|Tsar Pierre I]] te vle fè [[Anpi Ris|Larisi]] yon pisans Ewopeyen. Jewograf li a, [[Vassili Tatichtchev|Tatichtchev,]] te pwopoze an [[1703 (almanak gregoryen)|1703]] ke mòn [[Oural]] yo, rivyè [[Oural (fleuve)|Oural]] la ak [[Caucase|Kokaz]] la ta dwe konstitye fwontyè ant Ewòp ak Azi, olye de [[Don (fleuve)|rivyè Don]] an, ki te enkli Larisi nan Azi nan epòk sa a. ; * An menm tan, yon diskisyon divize kèk jeograf sou delimitasyon egzak fwontyè Kokaz la, gen kèk ki vle pouse limit la nan sid Kokaz la pou enkli [[Ameni]] ak [[Jeoji|Georgia]] nan Ewòp, alòske gen lòt, okontrè, ki ta renmen wè fwontyè sa a fiks nan [[Dépression de Kouma-Manytch|depresyon Kuma-Manych]] ki sitiye nan nò Kokaz la, ak objektif pou enkli [[Peuples turcs|pèp Tik]] yo nan rejyon an nan Azi <ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=fr|auteur1=Gérard Bacconnier|titre=L'Asie en fiches|éditeur=Éditions Bréal|lieu=Rosny-sous-Bois|année=2007|pages totales=12|isbn=978-2-7495-0496-4|isbn2=2-7495-0496-1|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=pF8Tnuzu0_MC&printsec=frontcover}}.</ref>. Avèk dènye elajisman [[Inyon Ewopeyèn|Inyon Ewopeyen an]] rive nan fwontyè Azi yo, ni nan [[Balkans|Balkan]] yo ni [[Ewòp Lès|nan Ewòp de Lès]], kesyon demarkasyon egzak fwontyè Ewòp yo poze ankò, paske li soulve kesyon [[Futur élargissement de l'Union européenne|elajisman nan lavni]]. Pandan ke pwoblèm sa a pa gen anpil enpòtans pou Larisi, yon gwo pisans ki pa janm eksprime okenn volonte pou rantre nan kominote a, lòt peyi nan sid ak lès Mediterane a (Mawòk, Tiki, elatriye) ansanm ak nan Kokaz la (Ameni, Jewoji, elatriye) wè li kòm yon pwoblèm enpòtan an tèm de opòtinite komès ak devlopman ekonomik, epi yo reklame manm nan espas Ewopeyen an ki baze sou kritè istorik ak kiltirèl. [[Kap Vè]], yon peyi ki pi lwen toujou, prezante agiman jeyostratejik tou. Sepandan, diskisyon sou enpòtans fwontyè yo revele yon bagay Li enpòtan pou nou pa konfonn kategorizasyon ki baze sou kritè jewografik ak sa yo ki baze sou kritè antwopolojik. Menm limit ki pi lajman aksepte yo, tankou detwa yo, pa koresponn ak okenn reyalite istorik oswa kiltirèl, e sa fasil pou verifye lè nou obsève distribisyon gwoup etnik yo nan zòn kle tankou Mediterane a, Achipèl Malay la, ak Ewòp de Lès. Se poutèt sa, dimansyon syantifik la (an tèm de tektonik plak) dwe distenge ak dimansyon imen an (an tèm de zòn kolonizasyon omojèn kiltirèlman). === Sitiyasyon zile yo === Nan yon sans ki pi laj, tèm "kontinan" an refere a divizyon komen Latè an gwo pati ki baze sou kritè jewografik kontinwite teritoryal ak omojènite kiltirèl, kidonk li gen ladan l tou zile ki nan lanmè. Sepandan, zile yo pa fè pati kontinan yo (nan sans komen oswa syantifik la) paske teritwa yo pa konekte ak teritwa kontinan an <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cosmovisions.com/terres.htm |title=Les continents et les îles |access-date=2025-11-20 |archive-date=2010-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717073137/http://www.cosmovisions.com/terres.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> {{,}} <ref name="Encarta">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20091028025748/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553387/Continent.html Continent]". ''[[Encarta|MSN Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006]].''</ref> . Se poutèt sa, yo anjeneral konsidere kòm fè pati kontinan kote yo pi prė a. Pa egzanp, [[Zile Kanari]] yo —byenke yo panyòl—yo konsidere kòm yon pati nan Afrik, [[Zile Baleares|Zile Balearic]] yo fè pati Ewòp, epi zile [[Oseyan Pasifik|Pasifik]] yo fè pati [[Oseyani]] . Menm bagay la tou vre pou Zile [[La Reyinyon|Reyinyon]] ak [[Île Maurice|Moris]], ki, malgre distans yo ak [[Afrik]], yo konsidere kanmenm kòm zile afriken. Lè nou konsidere [[Amerik]] kòm yon peyi ki gen de kontinan, zile ki nan [[Antilles|achipèl Zantiy]] yo tache ak [[Amerik dinò|Amerik di Nò,]] eksepte [[Îles Sous-le-Vent (Antilles)|Zile Souvvan]] yo, [[Ti Zantiy]] yo ak [[Trinidad ak Tobago]], ki touprė kòt [[Venezwela|Venezyelyen an]]<ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Continents_vide_couleurs.png</ref>. Ostrali se sètènman egzanp ki pi ilistratif sou anbivalans definisyon an. Souvan yo dekri li kòm yon kontinan zile, li difisil pou ba li yon estati ki pa abitrè. Si nou itilize gwosè mwayèn lòt kontinan yo, tankou Afrik, Azi, oswa Antatik, kòm yon kritè distenktif, Ostrali ta dwe fè pati kategori zile yo e pakonsekan tache ak Azi (jan li te ye lè yo te dekouvri li a). Sepandan, akòz distans li ak tè pwensipal Azyatik la, gwo gwosè li konpare ak zile [[Insulinde|Achipèl Malay]] la, espesifikite kiltirèl li yo, elatriye, li te finalman entegre kòm yon pati kontinantal nan gwo gwoup zile Pasifik yo ke yo rele Oseyani nan XIX syèk la. syèk <ref>Ce dernier constitue d'ailleurs le continent aux limites les plus probablement discutables, car composé d'un territoire extrêmement dispersé et arbitrairement fixé.</ref> . Anplis, an konparezon ak Ewòp, li sanble difisil pou refize li estati sa a. === Kantite kontinan === De nan gwo pwen dezakò yo konsène lide ke [[Ewòp]] ak [[Azi]] te kapab ini ( [[Ewazi|Erazi]] ), epi ke Amerik [[Amerik dinò|di Nò]] ak [[Amerik disid|Amerik di Sid]] te kapab fòme yon [[Amerik|sèl Amerik]] . Gen kèk [[Jewografi|jewograf]] ki pwopoze pou gwoup Ewòp, Azi ak [[Afrik]] nan yon [[Ewafrazi|Afro-Eurazi]]. [[Oseyani]] se yon rejyon nan mond lan tou ki pa yon kontinan ''[[Liste de locutions latines#Stricto sensu|nan sans strik la]]'', men [[jewograf]] yo souvan konsidere li kòm yon kontinan. Finalman, [[Zealandia]] se yon blòk kontinantal prèske anba dlo, ki gen tè ki emėje yo fòme sitou [[Nouvèl Zelann]] ak [[Nouvèl Kaledoni]], e ki ka konsidere kòm yon 8 kontinan <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/leditiondusoir/2017-09-28/le-huitieme-continent-livre-ses-premiers-secrets-d2aa412a-f60e-4e97-8425-153a96aec1a9|title=Le huitième continent livre ses premiers secrets|last=Katel Andréani|date=28 septembre 2017|website=Ouest-France|language=fr|access-date=12 décembre 2021}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.fr/sciences/2021/07/une-partie-de-lancien-supercontinent-zealandia-a-ete-decouvert-en-nouvelle-zelande|title=Une partie de l'ancien supercontinent Zealandia a été découverte en Nouvelle-Zélande|date=2021-07-22|website=National Geographic|language=fr|access-date=2021-12-12}}</ref>, oubyen jis tankou yon [[Microcontinent|mikwokontinan]]. [[Fichye:Continents_vide_couleurs.png|vignette| ]] {| class="wikitable centre" |{{Nowrap|7 continents}}<ref name="AoCA">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060221064548/http://atlas.gc.ca/site/english/maps/reference/international/world/referencemap_image_view The World - Continents], [http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/index.html ''Atlas of Canada'']</ref>{{,}}<ref name="EB">"[http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9361501 Continent]". ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. 2006. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</ref>{{,}}<ref name="NatlGeo">[http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/atlas/index.html?Parent=world&Mode=d&SubMode=w World], ''[[National Geographic]] - [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/ Xpeditions Atlas].'' 2006. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.</ref>{{,}}<ref name="Oxford1">''[[Oxford English Dictionary|The New Oxford Dictionary of English]].'' 2001. New York: Oxford University Press.</ref>{{,}}<ref name="Encarta2">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20091028025748/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761553387/Continent.html Continent]". ''[[Encarta|MSN Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006]].''</ref>{{,}}<ref name="Oxford2">"Continent". McArthur, Tom, ed. 1992. ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language''. New York: Oxford University Press; {{p.|260}}.</ref> |<small><span style="background: #00cc00;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Amerik dinò|Amérique du Nord]] |<small><span style="background: #008000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Amerik disid|Amérique du Sud]] |<small><span style="background: #0040ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Antatik (kontinan)|Antarctique]] |<small><span style="background: #fed52e;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Afrik|Afrique]] |<small><span style="background: #c10000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Ewòp|Europe]] |<small><span style="background: #f33e01;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Azi|Asie]] |<small><span style="background: #c04080;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Oseyani|Océanie]] |- |6 continents<ref name="michel">{{Cite book}}.</ref> |<small><span style="background: #00cc00;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Amerik dinò|Amérique du Nord]] |<small><span style="background: #008000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Amerik disid|Amérique du Sud]] |<small><span style="background: #0040ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Antatik (kontinan)|Antarctique]] |<small><span style="background: #fed52e;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Afrik|Afrique]] |<small><span style="background: #c10000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Ewòp|Europe]] | colspan="2" |<small><span style="background: #f33e01;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #c04080;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;Asie et Océanie |- |6 continents<ref name="Columbia">"[http://www.bartleby.com/65/co/continent.html Continent]". ''[http://www.bartleby.com/65/ The Columbia Encyclopedia]''. 2001. New York: Columbia University Press - Bartleby.</ref>{{,}}<ref name="EB" /> |<small><span style="background: #00cc00;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Amerik dinò|Amérique du Nord]] |<small><span style="background: #008000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Amerik disid|Amérique du Sud]] |<small><span style="background: #0040ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Antatik (kontinan)|Antarctique]] |<small><span style="background: #fed52e;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Afrik|Afrique]] | colspan="2" |<small><span style="background: #c10000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #f33e01;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Ewazi|Eurasie]] |<small><span style="background: #c04080;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Oseyani|Océanie]] |- |6 continents<ref name="OU">Océano Uno, Diccionario Enciclopédico y Atlas Mundial, "Continente", page 392, 1730. {{ISBN|84-494-0188-7}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name="LCC">Los Cinco Continentes (The Five Continents), Planeta-De Agostini Editions, 1997. {{ISBN|84-395-6054-0}}</ref> | colspan="2" |<small><span style="background: #00cc00;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #008000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Amerik|Amérique]]<ref name=":1">Dans ce cas, on parle de 2 sous-continents : Amérique du Nord et Amérique du Sud, voire 3 en individualisant l'[[Amérique centrale]].</ref> |<small><span style="background: #0040ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Antatik (kontinan)|Antarctique]] |<small><span style="background: #fed52e;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Afrik|Afrique]] |<small><span style="background: #c10000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Ewòp|Europe]] |<small><span style="background: #f33e01;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Azi|Asie]] |<small><span style="background: #c04080;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Oseyani|Océanie]] |- |5 continents<ref name="michel" /> | colspan="2" |<small><span style="background: #00cc00;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #008000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Amerik|Amérique]]<ref name=":1" /> |<small><span style="background: #0040ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Antatik (kontinan)|Antarctique]] |<small><span style="background: #fed52e;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Afrik|Afrique]] |<small><span style="background: #c10000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Ewòp|Europe]] | colspan="2" |<small><span style="background: #f33e01;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #c04080;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;Asie et Océanie |- |5 continents<ref name="Columbia" />{{,}}<ref name="OU" />{{,}}<ref name="LCC" /> | colspan="2" |<small><span style="background: #00cc00;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #008000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Amerik|Amérique]]<ref name=":1" /> |<small><span style="background: #0040ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Antatik (kontinan)|Antarctique]] |<small><span style="background: #fed52e;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Afrik|Afrique]] | colspan="2" |<small><span style="background: #c10000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #f33e01;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Ewazi|Eurasie]] |<small><span style="background: #c04080;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Oseyani|Océanie]] |- |5 continents<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> |<small><span style="background: #00cc00;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Amerik dinò|Amérique du Nord]] |<small><span style="background: #008000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Amerik disid|Amérique du Sud]] |<small><span style="background: #0040ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Antatik (kontinan)|Antarctique]] | colspan="3" |<small><span style="background: #c10000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #f33e01;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #fed52e;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Ewafrazi|Afro-Eurasie]] |<small><span style="background: #c04080;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Oseyani|Océanie]] |- |4 continents<ref name="Columbia" />{{,}}<ref name="OU" />{{,}}<ref name="LCC" /> | colspan="2" |<small><span style="background: #00cc00;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #008000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Amerik|Amérique]]<ref name=":1" /> |<small><span style="background: #0040ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Antatik (kontinan)|Antarctique]] | colspan="3" |<small><span style="background: #c10000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #f33e01;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #fed52e;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Ewafrazi|Afro-Eurasie]] |<small><span style="background: #c04080;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Oseyani|Océanie]] |- |3 continents<ref name="Columbia" />{{,}}<ref name="OU" />{{,}}<ref name="LCC" /> | colspan="2" |<small><span style="background: #00cc00;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #008000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Amerik|Amérique]]<ref name=":1" /> |<small><span style="background: #0040ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp;[[Antatik (kontinan)|Antarctique]] | colspan="4" |<small><span style="background: #c10000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #f33e01;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #fed52e;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="background: #c04080;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></small>&nbsp; Afro-Eurasie et Océanie |} Modèl sis kontinan an, ak sèlman Amerik yo kòm kontinan an, se peyi ki pale laten yo ki itilize li, sitou [[Frans|Lafrans]] ak pifò nan [[Francophonie|Francofoni an]], [[Espay]], [[Pòtigal]], ak [[Amerik Latin|Amerik Latin nan]] <ref name="RAE">{{Cite web|url=http://lema.rae.es/dpd/?key=norteamerica|title=Real Academia Española|publisher=Lema.rae.es|language=es|access-date=2013-09-30}}</ref>, [[Itali]], [[Woumani]], ak [[Grès|Lagrès]] <ref name="HEL">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100928055209/http://pi-schools.sch.gr/dimotiko/geografia_st/math/math_21_30.pdf] Older/previous official Greek Paedagogical Institute ''{{6th}} grade Geography textbook'' (at the [[Wayback Machine]]), 5+1 continents combined-America model; ''Pankosmios Enyklopaidikos Atlas'', CIL Hellas Publications, {{ISBN|84-407-0470-4}}, {{p.|30}}, 5+1 combined-America continents model; ''Neos Eikonographemenos Geographikos Atlas'', Siola-Alexiou, 6 continents combined-America model; ''Lexico tes Hellenikes Glossas'', Papyros Publications, {{ISBN|978-960-6715-47-1}}, lemma ''continent'' (''epeiros''), 5 continents model; ''Lexico Triantaphyllide'' online dictionary, Greek Language Center (''Kentro Hellenikes Glossas''), lemma ''continent'' (''[http://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/modern_greek/tools/lexica/search.html?lq=%CE%AE%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82 epeiros]''), 6 continents combined-America model; ''Lexico tes Neas Hellenikes Glossas'', [[Georgios Babiniotis|G.Babiniotes]], Kentro Lexikologias (Legicology Center) LTD Publications, {{ISBN|960-86190-1-7}}, lemma ''continent'' (''epeiros''), 6 continents combined-America model</ref> . Yo sòti nan modèl sa a yon modèl senk kontinan lè yo eskli [[Antatik (kontinan)|Antatik la]], ki lajman dezè. Modèl sa a itilize, an patikilye, pa [[Òganizasyon Nasyonzini|Nasyonzini]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm|title=United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)|website=unstats.un.org|language=en|access-date=2016-11-09}}</ref>, [[Comité international olympique|Komite Olenpik Entènasyonal]] la <ref name="OC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/Documents/olympic_charter_en.pdf#page=11|title=Preamble|date=8 décembre 2014|website=Olympic Charter|publisher=International Olympic Committee|page=10|access-date=7 août 2015|quote=les cinq anneaux entrelacés, qui resprésentent les cinq continents}}</ref>, ak pou [[Drapeau olympique|drapo olenpik]] la. Yo itilize modèl sis kontinan an ak yon blòk Erazyen an nan [[Japon]] ak [[Risi|Larisi]]. Modèl sèt kontinan an jeneralman anseye nan pifò peyi ki pale anglè (tankou [[Wayòm Ini]] a <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-curriculum-in-england-geography-programmes-of-study/national-curriculum-in-england-geography-programmes-of-study|title=National curriculum in England: geography programmes of study|publisher=UK Department for Education|language=en}}</ref>, [[Etazini]], [[Kanada]], [[Ostrali]] ) <ref>{{Lien archive|titre=F-10 Curriculum Geograph|éditeur=Australian Curriculum, Assessment, and Reporting Authority|horodatage archive=20140324191238|url=http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/humanitiesandsocialsciences/geography/Curriculum/F-10#cdcode=ACHGK009&level=2}}</ref>, epi tou nan [[Chin|Lachin]], [[End|peyi Zend]], [[Pakistan]], [[Filipin|Filipin yo]], plis kèk peyi [[Ewòp Lwès|Ewòp oksidantal]]. Nan [[Marketing international|maketin entènasyonal]], mond lan divize an twa zòn prensipal. [[Europe Middle East & Africa|EMEA]] (Ewòp, Mwayen Oryan ak Afrik), [[Asie-Pacifique|Azi Pasifik]] ak [[Amerik|Ameri]]. === Denominasyon === * '''[[Afrik]]''', adopte depi nan [[Lantikite|Antikite]]. * '''[[Amerik]]''' (ki soti nan ''Amerik'' Latin nan), yo te rele l konsa apre [[Amerigo Vespucci]], sou pwopozisyon [[Martin Waldseemüller]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fr.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761560631/Am%C3%A9rique.html|title=Amérique|website=Encarta|access-date=7 avril 2009|archive-date=2009-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125174444/http://fr.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761560631/Am%C3%A9rique.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> . * '''[[Antatik (kontinan)|Antatik]]''' soti nan Latin ''antarcticus'', ki soti nan Grèk ansyen ''antarktikós'', ki soti nan ''antí'', " kont », ak ''arktikós'' (“ [[Arctique|Aktik]] "), dènye mo sa a fòme apati de ''árktos'' (" lous " <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://logos.muthos.free.fr/etymologie/A.htm|title=Étymologie|website=Logos & Mûthos|access-date=29 avril 2009}}</ref> . Yo te rele Aktik la konsa paske li koresponn ak mwatye glòb la ki sou bò konstelasyon Ursa Major (Gran Lous la). Antatik, ki sou lòt bò a, kidonk « anti-Aktik la ». * '''[[Azi]]''', swa soti nan non [[Océanides|Oseyanid]] [[Asia (Océanide)|Azi]] a (pi souvan rele [[Clymène (Océanide)|Clymene]] ), oswa yon derive de [[Assuwa]], yon eta konfedere ki sitiye nan lwès [[Anatolie|Anatoli]] e ki gen non soti nan [[Hittite (langue)|Hitit]] ''assu'' ki vle di « Bon ». * '''[[Ewòp]]''', ki soti nan non prensès [[Phénicie|fenisyen]] [[Europe fille d'Agénor|Europa]] a, nan mitoloji grèk la, petèt yon konpozisyon mo grèk ''eurýs'' (εὐρύς, « laj " ) ak ''ṓps'' (ὤψ, « figi » ) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fr.encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761579286|title=Europe|website=Encarta|access-date=7 avril 2009}}</ref> . * '''[[Oseyani]]''' soti nan Latin ''oceanus'', ki soti nan ansyen Grèk ''ōkeanós'' « oseyan, gwo lanmè deyò». == Konparezon == === Zòn ak popilasyon === Tablo ki anba la a bay [[Sipèfisi|sifas]], [[popilasyon]], [[dansite popilasyon]] ak kantite peyi sou chak kontinan, daprė modèl sèt kontinan an <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mapuniversal.com/what-are-the-7-continents-of-the-world/|title=What are the 7 Continents of the World/World Continents Map|date=2018-09-19|website=Map Universal|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-11}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" !Kontinan !Sifas <small>(km²)</small> <ref name="CONT">{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/geoquiz/thelist.htm|title=The List|website=WorldAtlas.com|language=en|access-date=6 avril 2009}}</ref> !Zòn (%) !Popilasyon apwoksimatif <small>(2016)</small> <ref name="CONT" /> !Pousantaj popilasyon total la |- ![[Azi]] |44 579 000 |30 % |{{Unité|4436224000}} |60.2 % |- ![[Afrik]] |30 065 000 |20 % |{{Unité|1216130000}} |16.5 % |- ![[Amerik dinò|Amerik di Nò]] |24 256 000 |16 % |{{Nowrap|528 750 000}} |7.2 % |- ![[Amerik disid|Amerik di Sid]] |17 819 000 |12 % |410 013 492 |5.6 % |- ![[Antatik (kontinan)|Antatik]] |13 209 000 |9 % |{{Unité|1500}} |0.00002 % |- ![[Ewòp]] |9 938 000 |7 % |738 849 000 |10.0 % |- ![[Oseyani]] |7 687 000 |5 % |39 901 000 |0.5 % |} Sifas total kontinan yo se {{Inite|148647000 km2}} , oswa apeprè 29 % sifas Latè a ( {{Inite|510065600 km2}}).[[Fichye:World_population_by_continent.svg|vignette|Distribisyon [[Population mondiale|popilasyon mondyal]] la sou diferan kontinan yo.]] === Pwen Enpòtan === Tablo ki anba la a bay lis kontinan yo daprė pwen ki pi wo yo <ref name="CIA2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2020.html|title=The World Factbook, Field Listing - Elevation extremes|date=15 mai 2008|publisher=CIA|access-date=9 juin 2008|archive-date=2007-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003330/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2020.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.liensutiles.org/montagnepc.htm|title=Points culminants du monde|date=13 janvier 2008|website=liensutiles.org|access-date=8 avril 2009}}</ref> . {| class="wikitable gauche" style="margin: 1em;" !Kontinan !Peyi !Pwen ki pi wo a !Altitid <small>(mèt)</small> |- | align="right" |[[Azi]] |[[Chin|Lachin]] / [[Nepal]] |[[Everest]] | align="right" |8 849 |- | align="right" |[[Amerik disid|Amerik di Sid]] |[[Ajantin]] |[[Aconcagua|Akonkagwa]] | align="right" |6 960 |- | align="right" |[[Amerik dinò|Amerik di Nò]] |[[Etazini|ETAZINI]] |[[Mont McKinley|Mòn McKinley]] | align="right" |6 190 |- | align="right" |[[Afrik]] |[[Tanzani]] |[[Kilimanjaro]] | align="right" |5 892 |- | align="right" |[[Ewòp]] |[[Risi|Larisi]] |[[Elbrouz]] | align="right" |5 642 |- | align="right" |[[Antatik (kontinan)|Antatik]] |[[Territoire chilien de l'Antarctique|Reklamasyon Chilyen an]] |[[Massif Vinson|Masif Vinson]] | align="right" |4 897 |- | align="right" |[[Oseyani]] |[[Endonezi]] |[[Puncak Jaya]] | align="right" |4 884 |} Azi gen pik ki pi wo nan mond lan, Mòn [[Everest]], epi li gen ladan l tou dis pik ki pi wo nan mond lan. Anpil chèn mòn leve nan Azi, tankou [[Tian Shan]] ak [[Himalaya]] yo. Peyizaj Amerik di Sid la defini pa [[Cordillère des Andes|chèn mòn Andes yo]], ki lonje sou tout kòt lwès li a. Peyizaj Amerik di Nò a oryante longitudinalman. Rejyon an divize an plizyè zòn diferan ki youn apre lòt soti nan lès rive nan lwès. Pwen ki pi wo nan Amerik di Nò, [[Mont McKinley|Mòn McKinley]], sitiye nan [[Alaska]]. Pwen ki pi wo ann [[Afrik]], [[Kilimanjaro]] (yon vòlkan ki pa fonksyone ankò), fè pati [[Vallée du Grand Rift|Gran Vale Rift]] la. Prensipal chèn mòn ann Ewòp yo se [[Oural]] yo, [[Caucase|Kokaz]] la, ak [[Alpes|Alp]] yo, Alp yo genyen [[Mont Blanc]], pik ki pi wo nan [[Ewòp Lwès|Ewòp oksidantal la]] . Antatik divize an de pati inegal pa [[Monts Transantarctiques|Mòn Transantarktik]] yo, yon chèn mòn ki gen {{Unité|3500|kilomètres}} longè epi ki fòme yon koub ki gen fòm « S " Soti nan kòt [[Mer de Weddell|lanmè Weddell]] la (anfas [[Île Berkner|zile Berkner]] ) rive nan kòt oseyan sid la anfas [[Îles Balleny|zile Balleny]] yo. Ostrali se yon kontinan relativman plat, byenke li make pa kèk zòn montay. Zile [[Nouvelle-Guinée|Nouvèl Gine]] a ofri pik ki pi wo nan rejyon Oseyani an." === Esperans lavi === Tablo ki anba la a bay [[esperans lavi]] moun ki rete nan senk gwo rejyon yo, daprė yon modèl ki gen " senk kontinan ", swivan modèl sibjektif Ewopeyen an ki separe Ewòp ak Azi. {| class="wikitable gauche" style="margin-right:10px;" ! scope="col" |Kontinan ! scope="col" |Esperans lavi <small>(ane)</small> |- ! scope="row" |[[Ewòp]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?option=continent&cid=5&nom=europe|title=L'Europe|website=PopulationData|access-date=6 avril 2009|archive-date=2010-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100712105847/http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?option=continent&cid=5&nom=europe|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |75 |- ! scope="row" |[[Oseyani]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?option=continent&cid=6&nom=oceanie|title=L'Océanie|website=PopulationData|access-date=6 avril 2009|archive-date=2010-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613172507/http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?option=continent&cid=6&nom=oceanie|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |75 |- ! scope="row" |[[Amerik]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?option=continent&cid=2&nom=ameriques|title=L'Amérique|website=PopulationData|access-date=6 avril 2009|archive-date=2009-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617022513/http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?option=continent&cid=2&nom=ameriques|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |74 |- ! scope="row" |[[Azi]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?option=continent&cid=4&nom=asie|title=L'Asie|website=PopulationData|access-date=6 avril 2009|archive-date=2016-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323122226/http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?cid=4&nom=asie&option=continent|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |67,5 |- ! scope="row" |[[Afrik]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?option=continent&cid=1&nom=afrique|title=L'Afrique|website=PopulationData|access-date=6 avril 2009|archive-date=2010-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330071014/http://www.populationdata.net/index2.php?option=continent&cid=1&nom=afrique|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |52 |} Lafrik karakterize pa yon esperans lavi relativman ba, akòz yon [[to mòtalite]] ki wo, byenke sa varye selon diferan rejyon yo. Pa egzanp, [[Maghreb]] la gen yon to mòtalite {{Unité|6|‰}} alòske nan [[Afrique subsaharienne|Afrik subsaharyèn]] se {{Unité|15|‰}} <ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=fr|auteur1=Sylvie Brunel|titre=L'Afrique : un contient en réserve de développement|éditeur=Éditions Bréal|année=2003|passage=136|lire en ligne=https://books.google.fr/books?id=iqXQKSBrNk4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=l%27afrique+par+sylvie+brunel}}</ref>. Ewòp ak Oseyani gen esperans lavi ki pi wo a, toulede a {{Nowrap|75 ans}} . Esperans lavi nan Amerik yo pi ba pase nan Amerik di Sid, kote kèk peyi an devlopman gen esperans lavi relativman ba. Pa egzanp, [[Bolivi]] gen yon esperans lavi sèlman {{Nowrap|66,2 ans}} <ref name="CIAWF">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2102.html|title=Life expectancy at birth|website=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]|language=en|access-date=1 mars 2008|archive-date=2014-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528191952/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2102.html|dead-url=yes}}.</ref> . Esperans lavi nan Azi inegal, ak yon mwayèn {{Nowrap|43,7 ans}} pou moun ki rete nan [[Afganistan]], alòske [[Chin|Chinwa]] yo viv an mwayèn {{Nowrap|72,9 ans}} <ref name="CIAWF" /> . == Nan jewoloji == === Fòmasyon kontinan yo === Fòmasyon kontinan yo toujou anba deba <ref>{{Ouvrage|auteur1=G. Lyttleton|titre=Nouvelles lettres persanes, traduites de l'anglois|lieu=Londres|année=1735|pages totales=(voir par exemple G. Lyttleton, Nouvelles lettres persanes, traduites de l'anglois, t. II, p. 175)|passage=t. II, p. 175}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=Martin W.|nom1=Lewis|auteur2=Kären E. Wigen|titre=The Myth of Continents|sous-titre=a Critique of Metageography|éditeur=[[University of California Press]]|lieu=Berkeley|année=1997|pages totales=344|passage=29|isbn=0-520-20742-4|isbn2=0-520-20743-2|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLT8X5E3bZIC&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>. === Derivasyon kontinantal === [[Fichye:Pangea_animation_03.gif|vignette|[[Tektonik plak|Dérivasyon kontinantal yo]], kòmanse nan [[Panje|Pangea]] .]] Nan kòmansman XXe syèk la, [[Alfred Wegener]] te obsève ke, akòz aranjman kontinan yo, kòt lès Amerik di Sid la te sanble anfòm parfe nan kòt lwès Afrik la. Gen lòt moun anvan li ki te remake sa, men li te premye moun ki te pwopoze, baze sou obsèvasyon sa a, teyori dérivasyon kontinan yo. Yo kwè yon [[Supercontinent|sipèkontinan]], [[Panje|Pangea]], te fragmante nan kòmansman [[È Mezozoyik|epòk Mezozoyik]] la, epi depi lè sa a, mas kontinantal ki soti nan fragmentasyon sa a ap flote sou sifas Latè. Pandan XXe syèk la, jewològ yo te aksepte ke kontinan yo deplase sou sifas Latè sou yon echèl tan jewolojik. Pwosesis sa a ke yo rekonèt kòm « Derivasyon kontinantal " epi li eksplike pa [[Tektonik plak|tektonik plak yo]] . Sifas [[Latè]] a jodi a gen douz gwo [[Plaques tectoniques|plak tektonik]] (epi anpil ti plak tou). Se poutèt sa, sou yon echèl tan jewolojik, kantite kontinan yo varye. Gen lòt kontinan ki te egziste nan tan lontan jeolojik la; yo te rele sa yo [[Paléocontinent|paleokontinan]] . Yo detèmine ke te gen peryòd nan listwa Latè kote te gen yon sèl gwo kontinan sou sifas li. Pi resan an, [[Panje|Pangea]], date {{Nowrap|250 millions}} ane. Pwochen an « yon sèl kontinan " Si li ta dwe parèt nan {{Nowrap|250 millions}} ane atravè reyini [[Plaque africaine|Afrik]], [[Plaque eurasienne|Eurazi]] ak [[Amerik]] yo, li t ap [[Pangée prochaine|pwochen Pangea]] a <ref>{{Ouvrage|auteur1=G. Lyttleton|titre=Nouvelles lettres persanes, traduites de l'anglois|lieu=Londres|année=1735|pages totales=(voir par exemple G. Lyttleton, Nouvelles lettres persanes, traduites de l'anglois, t. II, p. 175)|passage=t. II, p. 175}}</ref> ." === Karakteristik === Pou jewològ yo, gen de eleman estriktirèl distenk sou sifas Latè. [[Kwout kontinantal]] la, ki konpoze sitou ak [[Granitik|granit]] ak wòch ki asosye avèk li, ak [[kwout oseyanik]] la, ki konpoze de [[bazalt]] ak [[gabwo]] . Se poutèt sa, limit ki genyen ant domèn kontinantal ak oseyanik la sitiye anba sifas lanmè a. : li vin tounen yon kesyon de « platfòm kontinantal " ki pafwa pwolonje plizyè kilomèt pi lwen pase litoral la. Pandan dènye laj glas la (nan pik [[Glaciation de Würm|glasyasyon Würm]] {{Inite|20000|ans}} de sa), nan Ewòp oksidantal, platfòm kontinantal la te pwolonje plizyè dizèn kilomèt nan lwès litoral aktyèl la. [[Fichye:Erdkruste-i.png|vignette|upright|300px|lien=|classe=mw-file-element|300x300px]] [[Fichye:Continental_shelf.svg|gauche|vignette|Yon koupe trè senplifye :{{Lejand/Kòmanse}} {{Lejand|#CB9866|Depo [[sediman]]è}} {{Lejand|#996633|Wòch}} {{Lejand|#663300|[[manto (jewoloji)|Manto]]}} {{Lejand/Fin}}]] Gen kèk pati nan kontinan yo yo rekonèt kòm sou kontinan, patikilyèman sa yo ki sou diferan [[Plaques tectoniques|plak tektonik]] ki divize kontinan yo. Pi remakab yo se [[Sous-continent indien|soukontinan Endyen an]] ak [[Arabie|penensil Arabi]] a. [[Grinlann|Groenland]], ki sou plak Amerik di Nò a, pafwa konsidere kòm yon soukontinan. Lè yo wè Amerik yo kòm yon sèl kontinan, yo divize an de sou kontinan (Amerik di Nò ak Amerik di Sid) <ref>{{Ouvrage|auteur1=G. Lyttleton|titre=Nouvelles lettres persanes, traduites de l'anglois|lieu=Londres|année=1735|pages totales=(voir par exemple G. Lyttleton, Nouvelles lettres persanes, traduites de l'anglois, t. II, p. 175)|passage=t. II, p. 175}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=Martin W.|nom1=Lewis|auteur2=Kären E. Wigen|titre=The Myth of Continents|sous-titre=a Critique of Metageography|éditeur=[[University of California Press]]|lieu=Berkeley|année=1997|pages totales=344|passage=29|isbn=0-520-20742-4|isbn2=0-520-20743-2|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLT8X5E3bZIC&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> {{,}} <ref>{{En}} Bowen, Emanuel. (1752). ''A Complete Atlas, or Distinct View of the Known World''. London, {{p.|3}}.</ref> oubyen an divès rejyon <ref>{{En}} "continent n. 5. a." (1989) ''[./Oxford_English_Dictionary Oxford English Dictionary]'', {{2nd-en}} edition. [./Oxford_University_Press Oxford University Press]. "the great island of Australia is sometimes reckoned as another [continent]"</ref>. Yon definisyon kontinan ki baze sou platfòm kontinantal yo ta ajoute plizyè kontinan ki gen ti sifas tè. Gen kèk zòn nan kwout kontinantal la ki lajman kouvri pa lanmè a men yo ka konsidere kòm kontinan ki anba dlo. Se ka [[Zealandia]], ki soti nan lanmè a nan [[Nouvèl Zelann]] ak [[Nouvèl Kaledoni]], oubyen menm [[Plateau de Kerguelen|plato Kerguelen]] ki prèske konplètman anba dlo nan sid [[Endyen (oseyan)|Oseyan Endyen an]]. Gen kèk zile ki sitiye sou seksyon kwout kontinantal ki te detache epi ki te derive lwen youn nan gwo kontinan yo. Malgre ke yo pa konsidere kòm kontinan akòz gwosè relativman piti yo, yo ka konsidere kòm [[Microcontinent|mikwokontinan]] . [[Madagaskar|Madagaska]], egzanp ki pi gaye a, jeneralman konsidere kòm yon pati nan Afrik, men yo te konn dekri li kòm « wityèm kontinan an » <ref>{{Ouvrage|auteur1=G. Lyttleton|titre=Nouvelles lettres persanes, traduites de l'anglois|lieu=Londres|année=1735|pages totales=(voir par exemple G. Lyttleton, Nouvelles lettres persanes, traduites de l'anglois, t. II, p. 175)|passage=t. II, p. 175}}</ref> . == Nòt ak Referans == {{Traduction/Référence|fr|Continent|280778656}} {{Références}} == Ki gen rapò == {{lòt pwojè | wikiversity = Grandes aires continentales | wikiversity titre = Grandes aires continentales }} {{kategori prensipal}} === Bibliyografi === * [[Pierre Gentelle]], ''Géopolitique du monde contemporain'', Nathan, 2008 {{ISBN|978-2-09-160782-5}} *[[Christian Grataloup]], ''L'invention des continents'', Larousse, 2009 {{ISBN|978-2-03-582594-0}} * ''La Terre - Mers • Continents • Univers'', Cerise Bleue, coll. {{citation|Savoir Compact}}, 2008 {{ISBN|978-2-7583-0197-4}} * {{en}} [[Hérodote]], traduit par George Rawlinson (2000), ''[[Enquête (Hérodote)|The Histories of Herodotus of Halicarnassus]]'' [http://www.omphaloskepsis.com/ebooks/pdf/hrdts.pdf]. * {{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=Martin W.|nom1=Lewis|auteur2=Kären E. Wigen|titre=The Myth of Continents|sous-titre=a Critique of Metageography|éditeur=[[University of California Press]]|lieu=Berkeley|année=1997|pages totales=344|isbn=0-520-20742-4|isbn2=0-520-20743-2|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLT8X5E3bZIC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{Ouvrage|langue=en|prénom1=H. F.|nom1=Tozer|titre=A History of Ancient Geography|éditeur=University Press|lieu=Cambridge|année=1897}} === Lyen ekstèn === {{Liens}} * [http://www.les-continents.com/ Site d'information sur les continents] * [http://www.biologieenflash.net/animation.php?ref=geo-0062-1 Animation {{citation|La valse des continents}}] * [https://actugeologique.fr/2020/12/des-scientifiques-ont-date-lemergence-des-premieres-masses-continentales/ Des scientifiques ont daté l’émergence des premières masses continentales – L'univers de la géologie] [[Kategori:Kontinan|*]] 3tzqlpvmj7fo0i542xmqcf6zdbj73yb 0 9555 889577 799551 2026-10-29T18:03:12Z Emmanuel katrisyon 40856 /* */ 889577 wikitext text/x-wiki Ateyis se yon sistèm panse ki nye egzistans Bondye epi ki rejte filozofi; li te vin gaye anpil nan 20yèm syèk la. An jeneral, ate yo adopte yon mantalite materyalis, natiralis, ak pwogresis—pa egzanp, Karl Marx ak Vladimir Lenin te tou de ate. Byenke orijin ateyis yo pa fin klè nèt, pi gwo ekspansyon li te fèt pandan "Revolisyon Wouj" yo ak Revolisyon Kiltirèl Lachin nan. Pandan peryòd sa yo, enstitisyon relijye yo—tankou legliz ak moske—ansanm ak kad filozofik yo, te demmante, tandiske ideyal materyalis yo te enpoze pa fòs; pwosesis sa a te lakòz lanmò 120 milyon moun (kote lagè sivil nan peyi Larisi ak Lachin te jwe yon wòl santral nan istwa sa a). Anvan 20yèm syèk la, lefèt ke yon moun te ate se te yon bagay ki te ra anpil. Nan liv li a ki rele *A Letter Concerning Toleration* (Yon Lèt Konsènan Tolerans), filozòf angle selèb John Locke—ki te yon initaryen—te soutni lide ke pa ta dwe gen tolerans pou ate yo. Menm jan an tou, nan tèks ansyen Grès yo, gen plizyè jouman ki vize ate yo, e souvan yo sijere ke moun sa yo te montre yon gwo inyorans. Ateyis te parèt tou sou fòm "ateyis militan"—yon pèspektiv ki mande pou elimine tout relijyon, ki ankouraje yon lit aktif—e, si sa nesesè, destriksyon total sistèm relijye yo. Gen pèsonalite tankou Richard Dawkins ki te asosye ak mouvman sa a nan peryòd apre ane 2000 la; sepandan, lyen ki genyen ant Dawkins ak Jeffrey Epstein mete ateyis la nan yon pozisyon difisil. Anplis de sa, aparèy medya leta nan Inyon Sovyetik (URSS) te sèvi kòm prensipal achitèk ak pwomotè ateyis militan an.'''Ateyis''' se absans ou refize kwayans nan egzistans Bondye ak lòt dye yo. == Tradiksyon == *[[kreyòl|lòt kreyòl]]: *[[Lang franse|franse]]: athéisme *[[Lang angle|angle]]: atheism *[[Lang alman|alman]]: Atheismus *[[Lang panyòl|panyòl]]: ateísmo == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Non komen]] [[Kategori:Relijyon]] dcra7kcjx9nz4fkc7phclppwa9chiuf 0 12742 889580 889033 2026-10-29T21:35:29Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 889580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Sit wèb | koulè bwat = #4285F4 | non = {{blan|Google}} | alt logo = | non ak logo = wi | komèsyal = {{wi}} | deskripsyon = | piblisite = {{wi}} | syèj sosyal (peyi) = Etazini | gwosè logo = | url = [http://www.google.com www.google.com] | tip = [[Motè rechèch]] | lang = [[Miltileng]] | enskripsyon = Gratis ak opsyonèl | anrejistre = | syèj sosyal (vil) = [[Mountain View (California)|Mountain View]], [[California]] | pwopriyetè = [[Google|Google Inc.]] | direktè piblikasyon = | otè = [[Larry Page]], [[Sergey Brin]] | lansman = {{Dat|27|Septanm|1998}}<ref>{{web link |language=en |url=https://www.google.com/doodles/googles-18th-birthday |title=Google's 18th Birthday }}</ref> | fèmen = | revni = {{inite|16000000000|$}} | Alexa = 1 | eta aktyèl = {{wi|Aktif}} | slogan = ''Fè sa ki dwat'' | langaj pwogramasyon = [[Python (langaj)|Python]], [[C (langaj)|C]], [[C++]] | image caption = paj lakay Google }} '''Google [[Limited Liability Company|LLC]]''' {{MSAPI|/ˈguːgəl/}}<ref name="pron">[[Pwononsyasyon angle|Pwononsyasyon]] nan [[anglè ameriken]] [[Transkripsyon fonetik|transkripsyon]] dapre [[Alfabè Fonetik Entènasyonal|estanda API]].</ref> se yon konpayi sèvis teknoloji Ameriken ki te fonde an {{dat-|1998|nan IT}} nan [[Silicon Valley ]], nan [[California]], pa [[Larry Page]] ak [[Sergey Brin]] e dany <ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Sergey Brin|last2=Page|first2=Lawrence|author-link2=Larry Page|year=1998|title=The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine|url=http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/google.pdf|journal=Computer Networks and ISDN Systems|volume=30|issue=1–7|pages=107–117|doi=10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00110-X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927004511/http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/google.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-27|access-date=2023-12-21|dead-url=yes}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{cite journal |last=Barroso |first=L.A. |last2=Dean |first2=J. |last3=Holzle |first3=U. |date=29 avril 2003 |title=Web search for a planet: the google cluster architecture |journal=IEEE Micro |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=22–28 |doi=10.1109/mm.2003.1196112 |quote=We believe that the best price/performance tradeoff for our applications comes from fashioning a reliable computing infrastructure from clusters of unreliable commodity PCs. |url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/8db8e53c92af2f97974707119525aa089f6ed53a }}</ref>, kreyatè [[Google (motè rechèch)|motè rechèch Google]]. Li se yon sipòtè konpayi [[Alphabet (company)|Alphabet]] depi {{dat-|Out 2015}}. '''Google''' se yon motè rechèch sou [[nichtwèl]] la ([[entènet]]). Apre [[Larry Page]] ak [[Eric Schmidt]], [[direktè jeneral li a]] te, depi 2015, [[Sundar Pichai|Pichai Sundararajan]]<ref>{{Lien web|language=en|title = Google anonse rezilta katriyèm trimès ak ane fiskal 2010 ak chanjman nan jesyon|url=http://investor.google.com/earnings/2010/Q4_google_earnings.html|site=investor.google.com|accessed=20 janvye 2011}} </ref>.Li se lidè nan konpetans rechèch la. Li genyen anpil done ke li ap achive. ＆ == Orijin non an == Non konpayi Google la soti nan tèm matematik "googol"<ref>{{Web link |title=orijin mo GOOGLE |url=http://www.memoclic.com/533-google/7582-origin - mot-google.html |site=memoclic.com |dat=13 me 2008 |accessed on=10 mas 2010}}.</ref> {{MSAPI|/ˈguːgəl/}}<ref name=pron /> oswa [ [gogol (nimewo)|gogol]] an franse, ki deziyen 10{{exp|100}}, sa vle di yon nonb ki kòmanse ak 1, ki te swiv pa san zewo<ref name="a">{{ Web link |author=Google |title=Profil konpayi |url=http://www.google.com/intl/fr/profile.html |accessed on=Mas 10, 2010|broken on = 2023-11-01}}. </ref>. [[Larry Page]] ak [[Sergey Brin]] an [[1997]] te mande lòt etidyan enfòmatik pou èd pou yo bay non fwi travay yo. Li mande l pou l ale anrejistre [[domain name]] "googol". Lòt sous reklame ke non domèn googol.com<ref>[http://whois.domaintools.com/googol.com googol.com].</ref> pa disponib ankò (deja asiyen depi {{date-|avril 1995}}), yo te chanje non an volontèman<ref>{{Liv |language=en |otè1=Corona Brezina |tit=Sergey Brin, Larry Page, Eric Schmidt, ak Google |piblikatè=The Rosen Publishing Group |ane=2012 |pasaj=29 |isbn=}}.</ref>. Kèlkeswa rezon an, ''Google'' pran plas ''googol'', ki pi senp ak pi fasil pou sonje pou yon moun ki pale angle, e tèm sa a pral vin pi popilè nan tout mond lan: nan [[2006]] , non an nan [[motè rechèch la]], Lè sa a, nan konpayi an, te pami dis mak ki pi byen koni nan mond lan<ref>{{Web link |title=Google ak Skype pami dis mak ki pi koni yo |url =http:// www.indexel.net/article/google-et-skype-parmi-les-dix-marques-les-plus-connues.html |site=indexel.net |date=24 janvye 2006}}.</ref> ak Depi lè sa a, li te vin premye mak li te ye atravè lemond<ref>{{Lien web |author=Vincent |title=Google ak Skype se nan mak ki pi wo yo nan 2005 |url=http://www.clubic.com/actualite-31194-google -and-skype-are-at-the-top-of-brands-2005.html |sit=[[clubic.com]] |dat=23 janvye 2006 |konsilte nan=10 mas 2010}} .</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lyen entènèt |author=Philippe Crouzillacq |title=Google, mak ki pi pwisan nan mond lan |url=http://www.01net.com/editorial/378640/ google- brand-the-plus-powerful-in-the-world/ |sit=[[01net.com]] |dat=23 avril 2008 |konsilte nan=10 mas 2010}}.</ref>{{,}} <ref>{{Web link |title=Google se mak ki pi popilè nan mond lan |url=http://blog.referencement-1ere-page.com/2008/04/22/100-google-est-la -marque -the-most-known-in-the-world/ |site=blog.referencement-1ere-page.com |dat=22 avril 2008 |konsilte nan=10 mas 2010}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lyen entènèt |author=olivierbusuttil |title=Google se mak ki pi popilè nan mond lan... men se pa an Ewòp |url=http://dhuisurlenet.wordpress.com/2008/04/22 /google-est-la -the- most-known-brand-in-the-the-world-but-not-in-europe/ |site=huisurlenet.wordpress.com |dat=22 avril 2008 |konsilte nan=9 mas , 2010}}.</ref>. Gen kèk diksyonè kounye a enkli vèb ''to google'' (an franse, ''[[wikt:googoliser|googoliser]] oswa [[wikt:googler|googler]]'') nan paj yo, ak siyifikasyon '' itilize motè rechèch Google la pou jwenn enfòmasyon sou entènèt la''<ref>{{Lien web |title=Google antre nan diksyonè Ozetazini |url=http://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/internet /0,39020774 ,39362054,00.htm |sit=[[zdnet.fr]] |piblikatè=ZDNet Lafrans |dat=7 jiyè 2006 |konsilte nan=10 mas 2010}}.</ref>. An Jiyè 2025, Google ap envesti nan IA, nan yon pwogram 37 milyon dola ki fèt pou akselere devlopman entèlijans atifisyèl (IA) ann Afrik, avèk envestisman ki soti nan rechèch lokal rive nan pwojè sou siveyans rekòt agrikòl ak adaptasyon teknoloji ak lang afriken yo. <ref>{{site web |url=https://afrique.le360.ma/afrique-australe/google-investit-37-millions-de-dollars-dans-le-developpement-de-lia-en-afrique_3AAIZ2DPL5HVJPMJ3BOAPUULBA/ |title=Google envesti 37 milyon dola nan devlopman IA ann Afrik |work=Le 360 Afrique |date=25 Jiyè 2025|access-date=25 Jiyè 2025}}}ref>. == Galri foto == <gallery> Fichye:WorldWideWebAroundGoogle.png|Nichtwèl an, lantou Google Fichye:Sergey Brin, Web 2.0 Conference.jpg|[[Sergey Brin]] Fichye:Googleplex-SignIn.jpg|Googleplex SigImage Fichye:Google España.jpg|Google panyòl Fichye:Eric E Schmidt, 2005 (looking left).jpg|[[Eric Schmidt]] Fichye:Google add.JPG|Google AdWords Ad Fichye:Googleplexwelcomesign.jpg|Googleplex Welcome Sign </gallery> == Referans == {{références}} == Lyen deyò == * [http://www.google.com/ Paj prensipal li (non domèn)] [[Kategori:Konpayi]] [[Kategori:Entènèt]] [[Kategori:Google]] 2cf218ytkm2kjg017z2iohwe3bkp05t 0 21612 889615 863759 2026-10-30T03:25:02Z Juppi lantteineen 40799 File 889615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Benjamin Franklin |foto=Franklin - ita, 1825 - 766672 R.jpeg |tèks=Benjamin Franklin (1825) |fonksyon=fizisyen, diplomat, ekriven, envantè, politisyen |domèn=Fizik, politik |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans= [[17 janvye]] [[1706]] |lye nesans= [[Boston]] |peyi nesans= [[Etazini]] |dat lanmò= [[17 avril]] [[1790]] |lye lanmò= [[Filadelfi]] |peyi lanmò= [[Etazini]] |nasyonalite= Ameriken |zèv= |nòt= }} [[File:Joseph Siffrein Duplessis - Benjamin Franklin - Google Art Project.jpg|Benjamin Franklin]] '''Benjamin Franklin''' se yon [[fizisyen]] [[ameriken]], nan peyi [[Etazini]]. Li fèt nan [[17 janvye]] [[1706]] nan [[Boston]], li mouri [[17 avril]] [[1790]] nan [[Filadelfi]]. Li te yon nan moun ki ede ekri, e ki te siyen deklarasyon endepandans pou Etazini nan 1776. Epitou, li considere kom yon papa fondate Etazini. Se yon moun ki plis akonpli nan istwa ameriken : li te yon ekriven, fizisyen, [[politisyen]] ak diplomat. Premyemen li te yon imprime nan filadelfi, li te plu connu pou almanak li ekri. Se li menm ki te premye pou montre kijan ke pouvwa elektrik mache pa yon foudre. Li te elu pou represente koloni Pennsylvani yo nan lonn nan Anglete. Yo te voye li pou al pale conteste kont taks Anglete te konn fe koloni yo peye. Li te tou premye ambasadè ameriken nan [[Frans]]. == Biyografi == === Nesans li === Benjamin Franklin te fèt nan Milk Street nan [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], Massachuset, nan 17 janvye 1706. Li te batize nan yon kay de rekont kretyèn ki rele Old South Meeting House. Benjamin se te pitit Josiah Franklin ak dezyèm madanm li ki te rele Abiah Folger. Papa li Josiah te konn fè savon ak balenn kòm metiye. En tous Josiah te genyen 17 pitit ak Benjamin te nimewo 15, e pi jèn nan gason yo. Josiah te vle voye Benjamin al lekòl lakay pastè yo men li pate gin ase lajan pou voye li lekòl pou 2 zan. Benjamin te ale nan lekòl ki rele Boston Latin school, men li pat jamm diplome. Li kontinye edikasyon li pa fe lekti. Malgre paran li te vle pou li arive travay nan legliz, yo rete edikasyon li lè li te gen 10 zan. Lè sa a li te kòmanse travay pou papa li, e lè li vin gen 12 zan, li vin ap travay avèk gran frè li ki rele James ap fè liv. Lè Benjamin vin gen 15 zan, frè li ya kòmanse yon nouvo jounal men li pat kite ti frè a ekri pou li. Benjamin menm, fè poz li se yon vèv ki rele "Madanm Silence Dogood" (silans fè byen), ak li kòmanse ekri lèt voye bay nouvèl la. Pesonn pat konnen ke se te Benjamin ki tap fè ruz et tout moun kòmanse pale de lèt yo. Gran frè a pat konten le li vin dekouvri ke se te frè li la ki tap fè poz yon vèv. Lè li vin gen 17 an, Benjamin sove kite lakay paran li pou li ale Filadelfi nan [[Pennsilvani]]. Lè li rive la li travay pou kèk konpayi ki fè liv, men li pa janm satisfè ap fè liv. Aprè kèk mwa, pandan li tap travay li kontre gouvènè Pennsilvani, Sir William Keith ki konvenk li pou ale nan [[Lond]] pou al achete bagay pou fè yon nouvèl nan Filadelfi. Men lè li rive Lond, Keith pa kenbe pwomès li ya pou fè li gen yon nouvèl. Li rete a Lond jis lo li yon machann ki rele Thomas Deham ede li retounen Etazini nan lane 1726. Nan 1727, Benjamin Franklin te gen 21 an, li kreye yon gwoup ki rele Junto. Se te yon gwoup atizan ak machann ki te vle fè byen pou tèt yo pandan ke yap fè byen pou kominote yo. Yon nan bagay ke Junto te konn fè se te li. Men, nan temp sa yo liv te chè anpil. Se pou sa manm gwoup la te kòmanse fè yon bibliyotèk ak pwòp liv pa yo. Men liv yo te genyen yo pat ase. Se konsa Franklin fè lide pou kreye yon bibliyotèk kote tout moun tap bay yon ti kob pou achete liv, ak tout moun tap ka itilize liv yo. Se konsa lide bibliyotèk la kòmanse nan Filadelfi. Se konsa tou Benjamin vini premye librè ameriken nan 1732. Okòmansman, liv yo te nan kay librè an men aprè sa yo vin mete yo nan dezyèm etaj nan yon kay ki rele Independance Hall. Nan 1791 yo fè yon batiman pou bibliyotèk la. Jodi a, bibliyotèk sa se yon nan pli gran bibliyotèk ak rechèch. == Zèv li yo == * Sa li fè, piblikasyon li nan domèn konesans fizik li == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{DEFAULTSORT:Franklin, Benjamin}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fizik]] [[Kategori:Fizisyen]] [[Kategori:Fizisyen ameriken]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1706]] [[kategori:lanmò 1790]] 18e1hvjwoz5ytdugxeyunhs6aht3mkf 889616 889615 2026-10-30T03:25:49Z Juppi lantteineen 40799 File 889616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Benjamin Franklin |foto=Franklin - ita, 1825 - 766672 R.jpeg |tèks=Benjamin Franklin (1825) |fonksyon=fizisyen, diplomat, ekriven, envantè, politisyen |domèn=Fizik, politik |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans= [[17 janvye]] [[1706]] |lye nesans= [[Boston]] |peyi nesans= [[Etazini]] |dat lanmò= [[17 avril]] [[1790]] |lye lanmò= [[Filadelfi]] |peyi lanmò= [[Etazini]] |nasyonalite= Ameriken |zèv= |nòt= }} [[File:Joseph Siffrein Duplessis - Benjamin Franklin - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Benjamin Franklin]] '''Benjamin Franklin''' se yon [[fizisyen]] [[ameriken]], nan peyi [[Etazini]]. Li fèt nan [[17 janvye]] [[1706]] nan [[Boston]], li mouri [[17 avril]] [[1790]] nan [[Filadelfi]]. Li te yon nan moun ki ede ekri, e ki te siyen deklarasyon endepandans pou Etazini nan 1776. Epitou, li considere kom yon papa fondate Etazini. Se yon moun ki plis akonpli nan istwa ameriken : li te yon ekriven, fizisyen, [[politisyen]] ak diplomat. Premyemen li te yon imprime nan filadelfi, li te plu connu pou almanak li ekri. Se li menm ki te premye pou montre kijan ke pouvwa elektrik mache pa yon foudre. Li te elu pou represente koloni Pennsylvani yo nan lonn nan Anglete. Yo te voye li pou al pale conteste kont taks Anglete te konn fe koloni yo peye. Li te tou premye ambasadè ameriken nan [[Frans]]. == Biyografi == === Nesans li === Benjamin Franklin te fèt nan Milk Street nan [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], Massachuset, nan 17 janvye 1706. Li te batize nan yon kay de rekont kretyèn ki rele Old South Meeting House. Benjamin se te pitit Josiah Franklin ak dezyèm madanm li ki te rele Abiah Folger. Papa li Josiah te konn fè savon ak balenn kòm metiye. En tous Josiah te genyen 17 pitit ak Benjamin te nimewo 15, e pi jèn nan gason yo. Josiah te vle voye Benjamin al lekòl lakay pastè yo men li pate gin ase lajan pou voye li lekòl pou 2 zan. Benjamin te ale nan lekòl ki rele Boston Latin school, men li pat jamm diplome. Li kontinye edikasyon li pa fe lekti. Malgre paran li te vle pou li arive travay nan legliz, yo rete edikasyon li lè li te gen 10 zan. Lè sa a li te kòmanse travay pou papa li, e lè li vin gen 12 zan, li vin ap travay avèk gran frè li ki rele James ap fè liv. Lè Benjamin vin gen 15 zan, frè li ya kòmanse yon nouvo jounal men li pat kite ti frè a ekri pou li. Benjamin menm, fè poz li se yon vèv ki rele "Madanm Silence Dogood" (silans fè byen), ak li kòmanse ekri lèt voye bay nouvèl la. Pesonn pat konnen ke se te Benjamin ki tap fè ruz et tout moun kòmanse pale de lèt yo. Gran frè a pat konten le li vin dekouvri ke se te frè li la ki tap fè poz yon vèv. Lè li vin gen 17 an, Benjamin sove kite lakay paran li pou li ale Filadelfi nan [[Pennsilvani]]. Lè li rive la li travay pou kèk konpayi ki fè liv, men li pa janm satisfè ap fè liv. Aprè kèk mwa, pandan li tap travay li kontre gouvènè Pennsilvani, Sir William Keith ki konvenk li pou ale nan [[Lond]] pou al achete bagay pou fè yon nouvèl nan Filadelfi. Men lè li rive Lond, Keith pa kenbe pwomès li ya pou fè li gen yon nouvèl. Li rete a Lond jis lo li yon machann ki rele Thomas Deham ede li retounen Etazini nan lane 1726. Nan 1727, Benjamin Franklin te gen 21 an, li kreye yon gwoup ki rele Junto. Se te yon gwoup atizan ak machann ki te vle fè byen pou tèt yo pandan ke yap fè byen pou kominote yo. Yon nan bagay ke Junto te konn fè se te li. Men, nan temp sa yo liv te chè anpil. Se pou sa manm gwoup la te kòmanse fè yon bibliyotèk ak pwòp liv pa yo. Men liv yo te genyen yo pat ase. Se konsa Franklin fè lide pou kreye yon bibliyotèk kote tout moun tap bay yon ti kob pou achete liv, ak tout moun tap ka itilize liv yo. Se konsa lide bibliyotèk la kòmanse nan Filadelfi. Se konsa tou Benjamin vini premye librè ameriken nan 1732. Okòmansman, liv yo te nan kay librè an men aprè sa yo vin mete yo nan dezyèm etaj nan yon kay ki rele Independance Hall. Nan 1791 yo fè yon batiman pou bibliyotèk la. Jodi a, bibliyotèk sa se yon nan pli gran bibliyotèk ak rechèch. == Zèv li yo == * Sa li fè, piblikasyon li nan domèn konesans fizik li == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{DEFAULTSORT:Franklin, Benjamin}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Fizik]] [[Kategori:Fizisyen]] [[Kategori:Fizisyen ameriken]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1706]] [[kategori:lanmò 1790]] nbq6cbg2fivjddoi0dtp07n5wm2771l 0 35777 889609 889307 2026-10-30T02:41:33Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 889609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{kolektivite tèritoryal |non_lokal= Moorestown |koodone_lat= |koodone_lon= |drapo_imaj= |anblèm_imaj= |tip=vil |dat= |zòn_tip=Eta |zòn= [[New Jersey]] |kapital_tip= |kapital_non=Trenton |chèf_tit= |chèf_non= |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total= |dlo_pousantaj= |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |rote_mwayen= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= |popilasyon_total= |popilasyon_dansite= |popilasyon_tip= |aktivite= |kat_anplasman= |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |sitwèb= |kòd_tip=jewografik |kòd= |nòt= }} Moorestown se yon vil nan eta [[New Jersey]] . Li nan konte Burlington Li te genyen nan lane 2000 19017 moun. == Istwa == Istwa == Relasyon ak Ayiti == *Kominote Ayisyen, relasyon ant eta sa epi Ayiti == Jewografi == Very humid in the summer, but cold in the winter. == Ekonomi == == Devlòpman == == Politik == == Edikasyon == == Anviwònman == == Pèsonalite == Pèsonalite ki te fèt nan, moun ki abite nan, oswa otreman asosye ak Moorestown Township gen ladan yo: [[Fichye:MSG O'Connor.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Brendan O'Connor (United States Army)|Brendan O'Connor]]]] * [[Diane Allen]] (ki fèt an 1948), politisyen<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.senatenj.com/allen/biography.php |title=Biyografi Senatris Diane Allen - Diane graduated from Moorestown High School as valedictorian |website=senatenj.com |date=2015-05-16 |access-date=15 fevriye 2015 |archive-date=2018-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925122703/https://www.senatenj.com/allen/biography.php |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Samuel Leeds Allen]] (1841–1918), envantè ak fabrikan ekipman fèm ak avyon.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072006/http://www.njinvent.org/2004/allen.html New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame] "Samuel Leeds Allen has been awarded almost 300 patents for farming machinery,..." "Because the production of farm equipment was seasonal, many of Allen's employees were laid off during the winter." "Allen invented the Flexible Flyer,..." Accessed July 25, 2008.</ref> * [[Emily Bacon]] (1891-1972), fizisyen ki te premye espesyalis pedyatrik nan Filadèlfi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160320040439/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_18.html Dr. Emily Partridge Bacon], [[National Institutes of Health]], Changing the face of Medicine. Accessed September 8, 2015. "Born in Moorestown, New Jersey in 1891, Emily Bacon entered Wilson College in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in 1908."</ref> * [[Sam Bishop]] (ki fèt an 1983), foutbalè pwofesyonèl.<ref>Bullock, Michael. [http://blog.pennlive.com/patriotnewssports/2010/04/ceperos_return_solidifies_city.html "Cepero's return solidifies City Islanders goalkeeping situation"], ''[[The Patriot-News]]'', April 3, 2010. Accessed March 2, 2011. "Sam Bishop, the 27-year-old keeper who has logged three seasons (2005-07) with the City Islanders, spent the opening week of the expansion Philadelphia Union's first training camp working out with the first-year MLS club. Needless to say, it was a memorable experience for the Moorestown, N.J., native."</ref> * [[David Bispham]] (1857–1921), chantè opera.<ref>[http://www.westjerseyhistory.org/books/decou1/mtn10.html West Jersey History]. Accessed January 9, 2011. "David Bispham, the great singer, whose boyhood days were spent in Moorestown, attended this school and some of our older residents who were students at that time tell interesting anecdotes about this celebrated man."</ref> * [[Francis L. Bodine]] (ki fèt an 1936), politisyen<ref name=Bodine/><ref>[http://votesmart.org/bio.php?can_id=4420 Assembly Member Francis L. Bodine], [[Project Vote Smart]]. Accessed August 8, 2007.</ref> * [[Hugh Borton]] (1903–1995), ekspè nan etid japonèz, prezidan [[Haverford College]] pandan 10 zan.<ref>Pace, Eric. [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/09/obituaries/hugh-borton-92-expert-on-japan-and-ex-college-president-dies.html "Hugh Borton, 92, Expert on Japan and Ex-College President, Dies"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 9, 1995. Accessed February 11, 2012. "Dr. Borton was born in Moorestown, N.J., graduated from Haverford in 1926 and received an M.A. in history from Columbia in 1932. He was awarded several honorary degrees and was decorated by the postwar Japanese Government."</ref> * [[T. J. Brennan]] (ki fèt an 1989), defansè [[Toronto Maple Leafs]] of the NHL.<ref>Donnellon, Sam. [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-31347148_ITM "Sam Donnellon / Moorestown's."], ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'', June 22, 2007. Accessed March 1, 2011. "His future lay 1,805 miles away, on the easternmost point of an island nearer the Arctic Circle than his Moorestown home. This is where the National Hockey League would discover T.J. Brennan."</ref><ref>Miller, Randy. [http://www.courierpostonline.com/article/20111125/SPORTS/311250029/Moorestown-native-scores-NHL-debut-Buffalo-Sabres "Moorestown native scores in debut for Buffalo Sabres"], ''[[Courier-Post]]'', November 25, 2011. Accessed December 3, 2011. "Moorestown native T.J. Brennan showed what he can bring in his NHL debut for the Buffalo Sabres."</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160806081757/http://mapleleafs.nhl.com/club/player.htm?id=8474113 T J Brennan], [[Toronto Maple Leafs]]. Accessed October 9, 2013.</ref> * [[Dave Brock (foutbòl ameriken)|Dave Brock]] (ki fèt an 1967) .<ref>Luicci, Tom. [http://www.nj.com/rutgersfootball/index.ssf/2012/02/rutgers_to_name_boston_college.html "Rutgers to name Boston College assistant Dave Brock as new offensive coordinator"], ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', February 7, 2012. Accessed September 8, 2015. "Dave Brock, a Moorestown native who was the interim offensive coordinator at Boston College last fall and has held that position at Kansas State, Temple and Hofstra, will be named the Scarlet Knights' offensive coordinator, replacing Frank Cignetti, possibly by the end of the week, according to a person familiar with the situation."</ref> * [[Lem Burnham]] (ki fèt an 1947), ansyen jwè [[National Football League]].<ref>Elane, Patricia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140728221042/http://voices.yahoo.com/sports-rookie-athletes-too-much-too-soon-60257.html "Sports' Rookie Athletes - Too Much, Too Soon? Sports Agent and Former NFL Player Sees an 'Achilles Heel' in Toay's Recruiting Practices"], Yahoo! Voices, August 9, 2006. Accessed June 3, 2013. "Dr. Lem Burnham, a resident of Moorestown, New Jersey, has seen more than his fair share of action both on and off the field in the NFL."</ref> * [[Kevin Chamberlin]] (ki fèt an 1963), aktè.<ref>Gardner, Amanda. [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/03/nyregion/theater-tony-awards-new-jersey-ties.html "Theater; Tony Awards' New Jersey Ties"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 3, 2001. Accessed July 23, 2008. "Kevin Chamberlin (best performance by a leading actor in a musical, Seussical) also traces his childhood and early career to New Jersey. Mr. Chamberlin moved to Moorestown (exit 4) when he was 7 years old and worked summers as a singing waiter at the Show Place in Beach Haven on Long Beach Island."</ref> * [[Bobby Clarke]] (ki fèt an 1949), ansyen jwè okè nan National Hockey League avèk Philadelphia Flyers.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200811014922/http://www.citypaper.net/articles/2003-10-02/cover.shtml The Ice Man] Accessed July 26, 2008: "On Comcast's website, he's 'the ultimate Flyer' who's married to wife Sandy, has four children (sons Wade and Lucas and daughters Jody and Jakki) and resides in Moorestown, N.J."</ref> * [[Gary Close]], asistan pou baskètbal [[Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball]] team.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150920114732/http://www.uwbadgers.com/sports/m-baskbl/mtt/close_gary00.html Gary Close] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020134033/http://www.uwbadgers.com/sports/m-baskbl/mtt/close_gary00.html |date=2010-10-20 }}, [[Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball]]. Accessed January 9, 2011.</ref> * [[Josh Cody]] (1892–1961), manm [[College Football Hall of Fame]].<ref>Traughber, Bill. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708212327/http://vucommodores.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/093009aab.html "Josh Cody, a College Football Hall of Famer"], [[Vanderbilt Commodores football]], September 30, 2009. Accessed March 1, 2011. "In 1959, Cody retired to his 190-acre farm across the Delaware River in Moorestown, N.J. He died on his farm in 1961 at age 69."</ref> * [[John S. Collins]] (1837–1928), devlopè [[Miami Beach]], [[Florid]].<ref>[http://www.miamibeach411.com/History/bio_collins.htm John Collins Biography], Miami Beach History. Accessed March 13, 2008. "Born on December 29, 1837, in Moorestown, New Jersey, John Stiles Collins was the sixth generation of Collinses to farm the family's western New Jersey homestead since 1678."</ref> * [[Herb Conaway]] (ki fèt an 1963), politisyen ki sèvi nan [[New Jersey General Assembly]] depi 1998, kote li reprezante [[7th Legislative District (New Jersey)|7th Legislative District]].<ref>Staff. [http://www.burlingtoncountytimes.com/article/20151023/OPINION/310239712 "Conaway and Singleton get our nod for 7th District"], ''[[Burlington County Times]]'', October 23, 2015. Accessed November 29, 2017. "Vying for two Assembly seats in the 7th Legislative District in New Jersey are Democratic incumbents Herb Conaway of Moorestown and Troy Singleton of Palmyra and Republican challengers William Conley and Robert Prisco."</ref> * [[Phil Costa (American football)|Phil Costa]] (born 1987), former football player with the [[Dallas Cowboys]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110717154050/http://www.umterps.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/costa_phil00.html Phil Costa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717154050/http://www.umterps.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/costa_phil00.html |date=2011-07-17 }}, [[Maryland Terrapins football]]. Accessed March 2, 2011.</ref><ref>Staff. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093207/http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/bal-costa0723-photo.html "Phil Costa"], ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]''. Accessed September 8, 2015. "Phil Costa; Junior offensive lineman Phil Costa is expected to start at right guard for the Terps in 2008. Costa, a junior from Moorestown, N.J., appeared in all 13 games as a junior."</ref> * [[Colin Farrell (rower)|Colin Farrell]], head coach of the [[University of Pennsylvania]] lightweight rowing team.<ref>[http://www.pennathletics.com/news/2016/6/27/5771aaf2e4b0028e7235e1e9_131492719921710273.aspx?path=mltrow "Colin Farrell Named Lightweight Rowing Head Coach"], PennAthletics.com, June 30, 2014. Accessed November 29, 2017. "Colin Farrell, who has served as an assistant coachfor the past two seasons and interim head coach since the conclusion of the 2014 EARC Sprints, will officially be promoted to head coach of the University of Pennsylvania men's lightweight rowing program effective July 1.... Farrell and his wife, Ellie, reside in Moorestown, N.J., with their son, Kellan."</ref> * [[Dereck Faulkner]] (born 1985), [[wide receiver]] who played in the NFL for the [[Philadelphia Eagles]].<ref>Hunt, Donald. [http://www.espn.com/college-football/news/story?id=2604575 "Hampton finds another star in QB Shepherd"], ''[[ESPN]]'', September 27, 2006. Accessed November 29, 2017. "Dereck Faulkner, Hampton's senior slot receiver, played with Iowa's star running back Albert Young at Moorestown High School in Moorestown, N.J. Faulkner and Young talk to each other at least twice a week."</ref> * [[Edwin B. Forsythe]] (1916–1984), member of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey who served as mayor of Moorestown from 1957-62.<ref name=Forsythe/><ref>Waggoner, Walter H. [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/30/obituaries/edwin-forsythe-congressman-dies.html "Edwin Forsythe, congressman, dies"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 30, 1984. Accessed March 2, 2011. "Representative Edwin B. Forsythe, a New Jersey Republican who served in the House of Representatives for 14 years, died of lung cancer yesterday at his home in Moorestown, N.J. He was 68 years old."</ref> * [[Walter French (baseball)|Walter French]] (1899–1984), football All-American and professional baseball player for the Philadelphia Athletics, 1923-1929.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150909071042/http://www.moorestown.com/history/ Historical Society of Moorestown], Moorestown.com. Accessed September 8, 2015. "Congratulations to our president, Lenny Wagner. His article on Moorestown's Walter French, a former major league baseball player for the Philadelphia A's, was accepted for publication by The Society for American Baseball Research (SABR)."</ref><ref>Wagner, Lenny. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181118193922/https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/81b87e6a "Walt French"], [[Society for American Baseball Research]]. Accessed September 8, 2015. "Walter E. French was born in Moorestown, New Jersey, on July 10, 1899.... He entered Moorestown High School in 1914 and starred in football, baseball, basketball, and track."</ref> * [[Joseph H. Gaskill]] (1851-1935), judge on the [[New Jersey Court of Common Pleas]] and Justice of the [[New Jersey Supreme Court]] from 1893 to 1896.<ref>Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1935/11/26/archives/exjudge-gaskill-i-ds-suddeiily-84-servedon-burlington-county-n-j.html "Ex-Judge Gaskill Dies Suddenly, 84; Served-on Burlington County, N. J., Common Pleas Bench Many years Ago"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 26, 1935. Accessed August 28, 2018. "Judge Gaskill, a native of Mount Holly, was admitted to the bar as an attorney in 1873 and became a counselor in 1877.... After his retirement from the bench, Judge Gaskill opened law offices in Camden. In 1910 he moved from Mount Holly to Moorestown."</ref> * [[John F. Gerry]] (1926–1995), former chief [[United States federal judge|United States district judge]] on the [[United States District Court for the District of New Jersey]].<ref>Holloway, Lynette. [https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/12/obituaries/john-f-gerry-69-chief-judge-of-federal-court-in-new-jersey.html "John F. Gerry, 69, Chief Judge Of Federal Court in New Jersey"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 12, 1995. Accessed June 3, 2013. "John Francis Gerry, the chief United States district judge in New Jersey for seven years and a former top official of the policy-making arm of the Federal bench, died on Friday at his home in Moorestown, N.J. He was 69."</ref> * [[Chris Gheysens]] (born c. 1972), president and chief executive officer of [[Wawa Inc.]]<ref name=SJT2014>Laday, Jason. [http://www.nj.com/gloucester-county/index.ssf/2014/04/wawa_ceo_chris_gheysens_remembers_vineland_as_company_celebrates_50-year_milestone.html "As Wawa celebrates 50th anniversary, CEO remembers Vineland store"], ''[[South Jersey Times]]'', April 15, 2014. Accessed October 8, 2015. "'My dad would have a bunch of change from the car wash, and he was like the banker for everyone over there at the Wawa,' said Gheysens, a graduate of both St. Mary's in East Vineland and St. Augustine College Preparatory School. 'South Jersey is a big part of Wawa, and it is definitely part of me — I grew up in Vineland, and my parents had a summer house in Sea Isle. I moved to Washington Township — or 'Township' as they call it — after marrying my wife, and we raised our four children there.' Gheysens, who currently resides in Burlington County, will be spending Wednesday morning at Wawa's very first store, which opened in 1964 in Folsom, Pa., for a ceremony at 6 a.m."</ref><ref>Monostra, Mike. [http://patch.com/new-jersey/moorestown/wawa-planned-to-open-near-moorestown-mall "Wawa Planned to Open Near Moorestown Mall; The convenience store will be located at the former location of Classic Chevrolet."], Moorestown Patch. Accessed October 8, 2015. "Wawa CEO Chris Gheysens is a resident of Moorestown."</ref> * [[Bill Guerin]] (born 1970), right winger who earned the [[Stanley Cup]] with both the [[New Jersey Devils]] and [[Pittsburgh Penguins]].<ref>Staff. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201209215922/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DN "Guerin to Flyers? Speculation Bruin"], ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'', November 30, 2001. Accessed March 1, 2011. "Guerin spends his offseasons in Moorestown with his wife, Kara, and their three kids."</ref> * [[Edward Harris (ornithologist)|Edward Harris]] (1799–1863), introduced the [[Percheron]] horse to America; benefactor of [[John James Audubon]]; lived at Smith-Cadbury Mansion.<ref>[http://moorestownhistory.org/about/smith-cadbury/ Smith-Cadbury Mansion]</ref> * [[Vernon Hill]] (born 1946), founder and former chairman, president, and chief executive officer of [[Commerce Bancorp]] and Commerce Bank of Cherry Hill Township, New Jersey.<ref>Staff. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220607222427/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI "Moorestown tells Hill that gate must go, Elaborate entrance at banker's estate violates zoning, officials say."], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', December 18, 2002. Accessed March 1, 2011. "The drive-through lane at Commerce Bancorp chairman Vernon Hill's home will move a little faster starting today. Moorestown's zoning officer ordered Hill to remove the elaborate entrance gate at his 44.2-acre estate because it violates last month's zoning board decision that disallowed a tall fence that would have separated a portion of Hill's land from neighboring property."</ref> * [[Leon A. Huff]] (born 1942), co-founder and vice-chairman of Gamble-Huff Music, a songwriting and record production team who have written and produced 15 gold singles and 22 gold albums.<ref>Friedman, Sally. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160509184851/http://articles.philly.com/2010-03-19/living/25214561_1_huffs-music-producer-love-privacy "One neat arrangement Music producer Leon Huff's Moorestown home is a serene, orderly getaway. The Sound of Philadelphia? 'I'm a guy who really needs quiet.'"], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', March 19, 2010. Accessed April 27, 2016. "Leon Huff admits it - he's a neat freak, and it shows in his elegant Moorestown home, a place so immaculate it's hard to imagine anyone even lives in it."</ref> * [[Alfred Hunt (steel magnate)|Alfred Hunt]] (1817–1888), first president of Bethlehem Iron Company, precursor of Bethlehem Steel Corporation.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160112153550/http://www.pa-roots.org/data/read.php?360,473948 Alfred Hunt's obituary] "The announcement of the death of Alfred Hunt, president of the Bethlehem Iron Company, will be a shock to his numerous friends throughout the Lehigh Valley and the State. The sad event occurred last evening at the home of his brother, Mordecai Hunt, in Moorestown, N.&nbsp;J."</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pa-roots.org/data/read.php?351,454514,454514 |title=Hunt family history |access-date=2019-06-01 |archive-date=2016-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112133609/http://www.pa-roots.org/data/read.php?351,454514,454514 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * [[Esther Hunt]] (1751–1820), a pioneer who lived on America's frontier as a wife, a mother and a leader in her Quaker faith.<ref>Specht, Neva Jean (1997), ''Mixed blessing: trans-Appalachian settlement and the Society of Friends, 1780-1813'', Ph. D. dissertation, University of Delaware</ref><ref>Specht, Neva Jean (2003), "Women of one or many bonnets?: Quaker women and the role of religion in trans-Appalachian settlement", ''NWSA Journal'' '''15 (2)''': 27-44</ref> * [[John Hunt (Quaker minister)|John Hunt]] (1740-1824), [[Recorded Minister|Quaker minister]] and journalist.<ref>[http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/friends/ead/5240johu.xml An Inventory of the John Hunt Papers, 1770-1828], [[Swarthmore College]]. Accessed November 20, 2017.</ref> * [[Eldridge R. Johnson]] (1867–1945), founder of [[Victor Talking Machine Company]].<ref>Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1928/10/15/archives/er-johnson-buyer-of-original-alice-pays-150000-for-manuscript-and.html "E.R. Johnson buyer of original 'Alice'; Pays $150,000 for Manuscript and Two Copies of Carroll's Famous Story. Will sent it on tour Former Head of Victor Talking Machine Company Will Never Sell It, He Says."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 15, 1928. Accessed August 28, 2018. "Eldridge R. Johnson, founder and former President of the Victor Talking Machine Company and a resident of Moorestown, N.J., is the purchaser from Dr. A.S.W. Rosenbach of Philadelphia of the original manuscript of Lewis Carroll's ''Alice in Wonderland,'' for which Dr. Rosenbach paid $75,259 at an auction at Sotheby's in London in April."</ref> * [[Jevon Kearse]] (born 1976), former NFL defensive end who played for the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] and [[Tennessee Titans]].<ref>Klein, Michael. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033202/http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/michael_klein/20080608_Inqlings__Throwback_plan_for_Striped_Bass.html "Inqlings: Throwback plan for Striped Bass"], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', June 8, 2008. Accessed November 29, 2017. "Former Eagle Jevon Kearse has cut the asking price of his Moorestown five-bedroom from $3.1 million to $2,699,993."</ref> * [[Tim Kerr]] (born 1960), former NHL right wing who played for the [[Philadelphia Flyers]], [[New York Rangers]] and [[Hartford Whalers]].<ref>Lulgjuraj, Susan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181023195731/https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/news/top_three/article_f53db206-66e5-11df-ae77-001cc4c03286.html "Many Philadelphia Flyers past and present call Cape May County home"], ''[[The Press of Atlantic City]]'', May 24, 2010. Accessed March 1, 2011. "Tim Kerr has a huge presence in the Avalon and Stone Harbor area. The three-time All-Star played in Philadelphia for 11 seasons from 1980 to 1991 and holds Philadelphia's team record for the most 50-goal seasons with four. He owns Tim Kerr's Powerplay Realty on Dune Drive, which sells and rents homes in the Avalon and Stone Harbor area. For several years, Kerr also has run a charity run that bears his name. Kerr splits time between his homes in Avalon and Moorestown, Burlington County, said Tim Kerr Realty sales associate Ann Delaney."</ref> * [[Matt Langel]] (born 1977), [[head coach]] for the [[Colgate Raiders men's basketball]] team.<ref>Ronaldson, Tim. [https://moorestownsun.com/from-the-courts-to-coach-482a89b51a54 "From the courts to coach"], ''The Moorestown Sun'', April 26, 2011. Accessed November 29, 2017. "Moorestown-native Matt Langel has etched his name into history books as a basketball player, now he'll do it as a coach."</ref> * [[Jonathan V. Last]] (born 1974), columnist for ''[[The Weekly Standard]]''.<ref>Staff. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121024214627/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10F2C719F9FE5FE0&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM "Great leap rightward? Nah, just finding balance"], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', January 15, 2006. Accessed March 2, 2011. "Folks meet Jonathan V. Last. He was born in Camden 31 years ago grew up in Woodbury and Moorestown and now works as online editor for the Weekly Standard."</ref> * [[Al LeConey]] (1901–1959), gold medal winner in the [[4 × 100 metres relay|4x100 meter relay]] at the [[1924 Summer Olympics]].<ref>LeConey, Bill. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210401050350/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AC "1924 gold medalist in family spurs press writer's search"], ''[[The Press of Atlantic City]]'', September 27, 2000. Accessed March 1, 2011. "J. Alfred LeConey was a great American sprinter of his time achieving local fame at Moorestown and then at Lafayette in the early 1920s."</ref><ref>''New Jersey Mirror'', March 2, 1938: "Death of William G. LeConey." "Surviving are his wife, Laura Haines LeConey, a very active worker in the First Baptist Church; and two sons, Everett LeConey, of Moorestown; and J. Alfred LeConey, of Plainfield. The latter was a winner in the Olympics at Paris in 1924 and upon his return to Moorestown, a great reception was held on the lawn of the LeConey home here to do him honor."</ref> * [[Kathy Linden]] (born 1938), pop singer who scored hits on the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] with "[[Billy (Kathy Linden song)|Billy]]" and "[[Goodbye Jimmy, Goodbye]]".<ref>[https://mentalitch.com/kathy-linden-the-woman-with-a-childish-voice/ "Kathy Linden – The Woman with a Childish Voice"], Mental Itch. Accessed November 29, 2017. "Kathy Linden is an American traditional pop singer whose singing was considered one of the sweetest-sounding voices during her era. She was born Marion Londres in Moorestown Township, New Jersey, and grew up in nearby Burlington, living on the town's Elm Avenue."</ref> * [[Donovan McNabb]] (born 1976), former professional football player for the [[Philadelphia Eagles]].<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-07-11-nj-town-best-place-to-live_x.htm "Moorestown, N.J., named best town to live"], ''[[USA Today]]'', July 11, 2005. Accessed July 25, 2008. "Plenty of executives still inhabit its {{convert|15|sqmi|km2}}. But the best-known citizens these days are a number of Philadelphia Eagles players, including star quarterback Donovan McNabb."</ref> * [[Stephen W. Meader]] (1892–1977), author of more than 40 novels for boys and girls.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110708104413/http://www.burlcohistorian.com/NewViewsVIINarrative New Views VII - 2008 Literary Burlington County], [[Burlington County, New Jersey]] Historian. Accessed March 1, 2011. "Stephen W. Meader home, 565 East Main Street, Moorestown. Author of Children's Books (1892-1977). Stephen Meader, born to Quaker parents, wrote his first children's book, The Black Buccaneer, in 1920. He moved his growing family to Moorestown in 1922 and by 1927, he had obtained a position with the Philadelphia advertising firm of N.W. Ayer & Son."</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060527162905/http://www.southernskies.com/bio.asp ''The Life of Stephen W. Meader''] "A third child, John, was born in 1921, and in 1922, the family moved to Moorestown, New Jersey." Accessed April 16, 2008.</ref> * [[Freddie Mitchell]] (born 1978), former professional football player for the [[Philadelphia Eagles]].<ref>Jones, Gordie. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140722230636/http://articles.mcall.com/2005-04-24/sports/3609037_1_defensive-linemen-andy-reid-receiver "Don't buy Andy's spin: draft sent Iggles a message"], ''[[The Morning Call]]'', April 24, 2005. Accessed February 11, 2012. "It was hard to hear him, because it sounded like somebody was hammering a 'For Sale' sign into the lawn in front of Freddie Mitchell's Moorestown, N.J., home."</ref><ref>Boyer, Dave. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060820/http://articles.philly.com/2004-10-11/news/25390659_1_moorestown-resident-affordable-housing-town-dump "Hear this, T.O.: There are plenty of hoppin' spots in Moorestown Who needs a liquor store when you have the town dump and a Friendly's?"], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', October 11, 2004. Accessed April 23, 2015. "And wide receiver Freddie Mitchell has lived in Moorestown the last few years, although he's moving. Mitchell got into a dispute with a neighbor over trees, and has been looking for a place that is - repeat after me, T.O. - quieter than Moorestown."</ref> * [[Victoria Napolitano]] (born 1988), politician who became Moorestown's youngest mayor, when she took office in 2015 at age 26.<ref name=Napolitano>Williams, Sharrie. [http://6abc.com/politics/26-year-old-moorestown-mayor-sworn-in-/464735/ "26-year-old Moorestown mayor sworn in"], [[WPVI-TV]], January 6, 2015. Accessed November 29, 2017. "A new year means new leadership in Moorestown, New Jersey. Victoria Napolitano was sworn in as the town's new mayor. At the age of 26, she's the youngest mayor in Moorestown's recent history."</ref> * [[David A. Norcross]] (born 1937), politician who ran for [[United States Senate]] in 1976 and served as chairman of the [[New Jersey Republican State Committee]].<ref>Guenther, Alan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170108213527/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/app/doc/438008849.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov%2024,%202007&author=ALAN%20GUENTHER&pub=Asbury%20Park%20Press&edition=&startpage=&desc=Feud%20roils%20race%20for%20Saxton%27s%20seat "Feud roils race for Saxton's seat"], ''[[Asbury Park Press]]'', November 24, 2007. Accessed December 2, 2013. "The next day, he touted the candidacy of Moorestown resident David A. Norcross, who's been active with the national Republican Party."</ref> * [[Brendan O'Connor (United States Army)|Brendan O'Connor]] (born c. 1960), recipient of the [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]] for his heroic action in [[Afghanistan]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110105120529/http://www.moorestown.nj.us/pubs/140/2669.pdf Proclamation honoring Master Sergeant Brendan O'Connor at July 28, 2008, Meeting of the Township Council of Moorestown Township], Moorestown Township, backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of January 15, 2011. Accessed September 8, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=3669 Brendan W. O'Connor], ''MilitaryTimes'' Hall of Valor. Accessed September 8, 2015. "Brendan W. O'Connor; Home of record: Moorestown New Jersey"</ref> * [[Christine O'Donnell]] (born 1969), Republican candidate in [[Delaware]]'s [[United States Senate special election in Delaware, 2010|2010 United States Senate special election]].<ref>via ''[[The Washington Post]]''. [http://www.cleveland.com/nation/index.ssf/2010/09/gop_candidate_christine_odonne.html "GOP candidate Christine O'Donnell's stunning Senate primary win raises questions about her past"], ''[[The Plain Dealer]]'', September 19, 2010. Accessed March 1, 2011. "O'Donnell, 41, grew up in Moorestown, N.J., and attended Fairleigh Dickinson University, though she did not earn her degree until this year."</ref> * [[Terrell Owens]] (born 1973), former professional football player who played for the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] and other teams.<ref>[http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2216703 Reid: T.O. will not play for Eagles this season], [[ESPN.com]], November 8, 2005.</ref> * [[Sal Paolantonio]], (born 1956), [[Philadelphia]]-based bureau reporter for [[ESPN]].<ref>Fiorillo, Victor. [http://www.phillymag.com/articles/2013/10/25/espns-sal-paolantonio-nobody-high-school/ "ESPN’s Sal Paolantonio Was a Nobody in High School; Plus, the Moorestown-based sports broadcast personality and former Inquirer reporter tells us why Donovan McNabb is misunderstood, his summer chasing Russian subs, and how the Beatles saved the USA."], ''[[Philadelphia (magazine)]]'', October 25, 2013. Accessed January 11, 2018.</ref><ref>Aleardi, Marianne. [https://sjmagazine.net/people/ten-questions/ten-questions-sal-paolantonio "Ten Questions: Sal Paolantonio; The ESPN correspondent talks sports, politics and Uncle Bill’s Pancake House"], ''South Jersey Magazine'', July 2013. Accessed January 11, 2018. "A resident of Moorestown, Paolantonio spends the NFL season watching, talking, breathing football."</ref> * [[Alice Paul]] (1885–1977), leader of a campaign for women's suffrage resulting in passage of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110719035030/http://www.ettc.net/njarts/details.cfm?ID=313 Alice Paul House, Moorestown], [[Stockton University]]. Accessed July 25, 2008.</ref> * [[Doug Pederson]] (born 1968), head coach of the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] of the [[National Football League]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Eagles hiring Chiefs OC Doug Pederson as head coach|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000622612/article/eagles-hiring-chiefs-oc-doug-pederson-as-head-coach|website=NFL.com}}</ref><ref>Anastasia, Phil. [http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/phil-anastasia/Football-preview-Moorestown.html "Football preview: Moorestown"], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', October 17, 2013. Accessed September 8, 2015. "But Lisa is not even a lock to start as Horton insists that junior Drew Pederson, the son of Eagles assistant coach Doug Pederson, is a strong contender for the job."</ref><ref>Cuellar, Dann. [http://6abc.com/sports/doug-pedersons-neighbors-ready-to-welcome-him-back-home/1166113/ "Doug Pedersons' neighbors ready to welcome him back home"], [[WPVI-TV]], January 19, 2016. Accessed November 29, 2017. "New Philadelphia Eagles head coach Doug Pederson and his family are excited about moving back to the area.... Before moving to Kansas City in 2011, the Pederson family lived on a cul-de-sac in the unit block of Hamilton Court in Moorestown, New Jersey."</ref> * [[Samuel K. Robbins]] (1853–1926), politician who served as Speaker of the [[New Jersey General Assembly]] and president of the [[New Jersey Senate]].<ref>Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1908/12/26/archives/would-succeed-watkins-senator-robbins-out-for-his-place-as-jersey.html "Would Succeed Watkins.; Senator Robbins Out for His Place as Jersey Commissioner of Banking."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', December 26, 1908. Accessed August 28, 2018. "Senator Samuel K. Robbins of Moorestown, Burlington County, is expected to succeed David O. Watkins of Woodbury as State Commissioner of Banking and Insurance."</ref> * [[Julie Robenhymer]] (born 1981), [[Miss New Jersey]] 2005.<ref>via [[Associated Press]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180720165747/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BURB&p_multi=WBCB&p_theme=burb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10B1325E2D06DB00&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM "Pageant life teaches new Miss N.J. Moorestown woman learns about competition, herself"], ''[[Burlington County Times]]'', June 20, 2005. Accessed March 1, 2011. "Julie Robenhymer, the reigning Miss Burlington County and the newly crowned Miss New Jersey, isn't entirely comfortable with being called beautiful. 'It's very weird,' she said. The 24-year-old Moorestown native would rather talk about how competing in beauty pageants gave her confidence and self-worth."</ref> * [[Jeremy Roenick]] (born 1970), professional hockey player, former player for the [[Philadelphia Flyers]].<ref>Ginsberg, Wendy. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110517031158/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-120637001.html "New Magazine Aims to Be Social Guide for Southern New Jersey Suburbs"], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', January 17, 2002. Accessed March 8, 2008. "The monthly magazine, which aims to be a social guide for South Jerseyans, was relaunched this month with the toothy grin of Philadelphia Flyer Jeremy Roenick, a Moorestown resident, gracing the cover."</ref> * [[Jon Runyan]] (born 1973), football player for the [[Philadelphia Eagles]], [[Houston Oilers]] and [[San Diego Chargers]] who was elected to represent [[New Jersey's 3rd congressional district]] from 2011 to 2015.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130729114852/http://abclocal.go.com/wpvi/story?section=news%2Fsports&id=5749333 "Inside Jon Runyan's New Crib"], [[WPVI]], November 17, 2007. Accessed June 15, 2008. "The man is Philadelphia Eagle Jon Runyan, and the house is located in Moorestown, New Jersey."</ref><ref>Zap, Claudine. [https://www.realtor.com/news/celebrity-real-estate/jon-runyan-purchases-new-jersey-home/ "Former Congressman and NFL Star Jon Runyan Buys Smaller Place in Jersey"], [[Realtor.com]], December 10, 2015. Accessed February 5, 2018. "From NFL offensive lineman to two-term New Jersey congressman, Jon Runyan has had an action-packed career.... He has since purchased a more modest home in nearby Moorestown, NJ, for $1,375,000. We're sure he'll adjust to his smaller manse."</ref> * [[Steve Sabol]] (1942–2012), president and co-founder of [[NFL Films]].<ref>Staff. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220607222427/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI "Sabol's seen many Super moments"], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', February 3, 2008. Accessed March 1, 2011. ""Steve Sabol, president of the Mount Laurel-based NFL Films and a resident of Moorestown, has been at all of these title games, documenting the events..."</ref> * [[Ulf Samuelsson]] (born 1964), professional hockey player, former player for the [[Philadelphia Flyers]].<ref>Samuelsson, Ulf. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032757/http://www.thehockeynews.com/articles/19067-Ulf-Samuelssons-Blog-The-transition-to-coaching.html "Ulf Samuelsson's Blog: The transition to coaching"], ''[[The Hockey News]]'', October 24, 2008. Accessed March 1, 2011. "I got into a number of things, like restaurants and car dealerships. For a while, we had three dealerships going in Pittsburgh and we sold a lot on eBay. It was fun to go out and try many things that I couldn't when I was playing hockey. My family and I stayed in New Jersey, in a great town called Moorestown Township."</ref> * [[Lauren Schmetterling]] (born 1988), [[Rowing (sport)|rower]] who won a total of three gold medals in the Women's eight competition at the [[2013 World Rowing Championships]], the [[2015 World Rowing Championships]] and the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160718054752/http://www.teamusa.org/us-rowing/athletes/Lauren-Schmetterling Lauren Schmetterling], [[United States Olympic Team]]. Accessed August 10, 2016. "Birthplace: Voorhees, N.J.; Hometown: Moorestown, N.J.; High School: Moorestown High School (Moorestown, N.J.) '06"</ref> * [[Katherine Shindle]] (born 1977), [[Miss America]] 1998 and actress.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220607222427/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI "A S. Jersey girl takes the crown of Miss America, but she's Miss Illinois."], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', September 14, 1977. Accessed February 11, 2012. "Moorestown native and Bishop Eustace graduate Katherine Shindle was named Miss America 1998 last night, topping an all-vocalist field of five finalists in the 77th annual competition."</ref><ref>Marcus, Joan. [http://www.philly.com/philly/entertainment/author-alison-bechdel-and-actor-katherine-shindle-dish-on-the-tony-winning-musical-fun-home-opening-tuesday-in-philly-20170606.html "Author Alison Bechdel and actor Katherine Shindle dish on the Tony winning musical Fun Home opening Tuesday in Philly"], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', June 7, 2017. Accessed November 29, 2017. "A critical and commercial hit when it opened in 2015 on Broadway, the show kicked off a national tour in October and stars former Miss America Katherine Shindle (''Legally Blonde'' on Broadway, Cabaret national tour), who grew up in New Jersey, in Brigantine and Moorestown, and attended Bishop Eustace Preparatory School in Pennsauken."</ref> * [[Scott Terry (musician)|Scott Terry]] (born 1976), songwriter and singer who has fronted the band [[Red Wanting Blue]].<ref>Scott, Rob. [http://patch.com/new-jersey/moorestown/moorestown-s-scott-terry-to-rock-letterman "Moorestown's Scott Terry to Rock Letterman; Moorestown High School alum Scott Terry and his band, Red Wanting Blue, will perform on the ''Late Show with David Letterman'' Wednesday night."], Moorestown Patch, July 18, 2012. Accessed November 7, 2015. "But Scott said he didn't take music seriously until he moved to Moorestown and began singing in the choir at the and later joined the Madrigals at Moorestown High School."</ref> * [[Albert W. Van Duzer]] (1917-1999), bishop of the [[Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey]], serving from 1973 to 1982.<ref>Hagenmayer, S. Joseph. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160323105944/http://articles.philly.com/1999-11-30/news/25495375_1_general-theological-seminary-longtime-rector-first-parish "Episcopal Bishop Albert W. Van Duzer"], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', November 30, 1999. Accessed November 8, 2015. "A longtime New Jersey resident, he lived in Moorestown for five years, Medford for 10 years, Trenton for 20 years, and Merchantville for 20 years."</ref> * [[John Vanbiesbrouck]] (born 1963), professional hockey player, former player for the [[Philadelphia Flyers]].<ref>Staff. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180824034110/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB33094992DA3D4&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM "Vanbiesbrouck ready for spotlight - The new goalie knows he was no. 3 on shopping lists during the free-agent period. He's eager to show that the flyers picked the right one"], ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'', October 8, 1998. Accessed March 1, 2011. "He has three sons - Ian, Ben and Nicholas - and lives in Moorestown."</ref> * [[James Weinstein (New Jersey)|James Weinstein]], transportation planner and executive who served as executive director of [[New Jersey Transit]].<ref>[http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/about/press/1999/010699.shtm "Governor Swears in James Weinstein as Commissioner of Transportation"], [[Governor of New Jersey]] [[Christine Todd Whitman]], press release dated April 5, 2007. Accessed November 29, 2017. "Weinstein is a graduate of Seton Hall University and began his career as a journalist. He currently resides in Moorestown, Burlington County, with his wife Linda Artlip."</ref> * [[Brian Willison]] (ki fèt an 1977), direktè nan Parsons Institute for Information Mapping. * [[Helen Van Pelt Wilson]] (1901-2003), ekriven.<ref>Staff. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140125/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=WTNB&p_theme=wtnb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0FEB2ABAAC2C21F8&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM "Wilson, Helen Van Pelt"], ''Westport News (Connecticut)'', October 24, 2003. Accessed November 17, 2013. "Born in Collingswood, N.J., Oct. 19, 1901, she grew up in nearby Moorestown, went to the Shipley School in Bryn Mawr and graduated cum laude from Bryn Mawr College in 1923."</ref> * [[Esther V. Yanai]] (1928-2003), avokat open-space preservation in Moorestown.<ref>[http://obits.syracuse.com/obituaries/syracuse/obituary.aspx?n=esther-yanai&pid=1497100 "Obituary: Esther Yanai"], ''[[Syracuse Post Standard]]'', October 21, 2003. Accessed November 29, 2017. "October 15, 2003 Esther Yanai, 75, of Moorestown, NJ, died Wednesday at her daughter Ruth's home in Syracuse, cared for by friends and family, including husband Steve and granddaughter Nora."</ref> * [[Albert Young (American football)|Albert Young]] (ki fèt an 1985), ansyen foutbalè pou [[Iowa Hawkeyes football|University of Iowa]] and [[Minnesota Vikings]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081022183017/http://hawkeyesports.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/young_albert00.html Albert Young], [[Iowa Hawkeyes football]]. Accessed May 25, 2008.</ref> * [[Tim Young (American rower)|Tim Young]] (ki fèt an 1968), silver medal-winning rower in the quadruple sculls at the [[1996 Summer Olympics]].<ref>Pucin, Diane via ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]''. [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jqRSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=m28DAAAAIBAJ&dq=tim-young%20moorestown&pg=4608%2C6177294 "U.S. rowers put 3 boats into finals"], ''[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]'', July 27, 1996. Accessed March 1, 2011. "Young, from Moorestown, has chosen to row in the quad, a sculling boat in a country where the sculling boats are always of lowest priority."</ref> * [[Martha Zweig]], powèt.<ref>[http://www.versedaily.org/2010/aboutmarthazweigml.shtml About Martha Zweig], Verse Daily. Accessed November 29, 2017. "Martha Zweig was born in Philadelphia and grew up in suburban Moorestown, New Jersey, where she was educated at the Friends' (Quaker) School."</ref> == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == [[Kategori:Vil nan New Jersey]] [[Kategori:Vil nan Etazini]] [[Kategori:Jewografi]] tv5fg7p2964vrwdq4h67yucnt6hhl6z 0 61360 889578 677636 2026-10-29T20:30:46Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 889578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{kolektivite tèritoryal |non_lokal=Concepción</br>[http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=36_46_22_S_73_03_47_W 36° 46' 22" S 73° 03' 47" W] |koodone_lat= |koodone_lon= |drapo_Fichye= |anblèm_Fichye= |tip=vil |dat= |zòn_tip= |zòn= |kapital_tip= |kapital_non= |chèf_tit= |chèf_non= |sipèfisi_dat= |sipèfisi_ran= |sipèfisi_total=221.6 |dlo_pousantaj= |frontyè_tè= |frontyè_kòt= |rote_mwayen= |pli_ro_kote= |pli_ro= |pli_ba_kote= |pli_ba= |popilasyon_dat= |popilasyon_ran= |popilasyon_total=216,061 ([[2002]]) |popilasyon_dansite=975 |popilasyon_tip= |aktivite= |kat_anplasman= |kat_politik= |kat_jewografik= |kat_satelit= |divizyon_tip= |divizyon_non= |vwazen= |sitwèb=http://www.concepcion.cl Concepción.cl |kòd_tip= |kòd= |nòt= }} '''Concepción''' se [[vil]] nan [[Chili]], kapital [[Bío-Bío Region]]. == Galri pou Fichye == <gallery perrow=4> File:Arco de Medicina UdeC.jpg| File:Moderno Edificio en Concepción.jpg| File:Desembocadura del Biobío.jpg| File:Ex Catedral de Concepción.jpg| File:Biobus01.jpg| File:Hotel El Araucano.JPG| File:Plaza de Armas Concepción.jpg| </gallery> == Entènet == {{commons|Category:Concepcion,_Chile|Concepción}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100211124604/http://www.concepcion.cl/ Minisipalite a Concepcion] {es} * [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/130916/Concepcion Encyclopedia Britannica — Concepción] {en} [[Kategori:Vil nan Chili]] 1ihmae4n1wdiys5jhp4sjhnxe0ybwrh 0 61722 889579 794955 2026-10-29T20:34:06Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 889579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} '''Coyhaique''' se yon [[vil]] nan [[Chili]], kapital [[XI Region]]. == Entènet == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100329072842/http://www.coyhaique.cl/ Minisipalite a Coyhaique] [[file:Coyhaique10.jpg|thumbnail|450px|center|Coyhaique Skyline]] [[Kategori:Vil nan Chili]] ijqpf7msf08gyjtxdq6xyqeo3ymiy6n 0 63052 889554 889550 2026-10-29T13:59:35Z AdolfKetle4 40852 /* Mirak Pwofèt Muhammad yo */ 889554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{moun |tèks=Mohamméd |dat nesans= 571 |lye nesans= Lamèk |dat lanmò= 632 Medina |nasyonalite=Arab Adnanit |pwofesyon=Komèsan, Bèje, Imam, Predikatè, Prezidan, Kòmandan|aktivite prensipal=Misyon pwofetik la|lòt aktivite=|desandan=Banu Hashim|non=Pwofèt Mohamméd}} Muhammad (Arab: مُحَمَّد; anviwon 571 – 8 jen 632) se dènye pwofèt relijyon Islamik la, epi li se fondatè ak premye lidè eta Islamik la. Li te soti nan klan Banu Hashim, yon liyaj ki remonte rive jis nan pwofèt Ismayèl. Se li menm ki te retabli epi konplete relijyon monoteyis yo—relijyon pwofèt tankou Adan, Noe, Abraram, Moyiz, ak Jezi te pote okòmansman, men ki te sibi chanjman pita—epi li sèvi kòm dènye pwofèt Bondye te voye bay limanite. Li te fèt nan Lamèk an 571; papa l te rele Abdullah, manman l te rele Aminah, epi nouris li te rele Halimah. Papa l te mouri anvan li te fèt. Apre manman l te fin mouri, li te al viv avèk granpapa l, epi apre granpapa l te mouri tou, li te tonbe anba swen tonton l. Anvan li te vin yon pwofèt, moun ki te bò kote l yo te konn rele l "Muhammad ki fyab la" (Al-Amin), epi li te rekonèt pou bon kè li te genyen anvè lòt moun. Li te fè komès epi li te travay kòm gadò mouton. A laj 25 an, li te marye ak Khadijah—ki te gen 40 an lè sa a—apre Khadijah te fin fè l yon pwopozisyon maryaj. A laj 40 an, pandan li te nan Kav Hira sou Mòn Limyè a (Jabal al-Nour), li te resevwa premye revelasyon li, atravè Anj Gabriyèl, ke Bondye te voye. Apre sa, li te konsakre lavi l pou l transmèt revelasyon li te resevwa nan men Bondye yo. Akòz pèsekisyon li menm ak disip li yo t ap sibi, li te kite Lamèk pou l ale Medine an 622, ansanm ak lòt Mizilman yo. Li te defann kominote l la nan batay defansif kont moun Lamèk yo ki te adore plizyè dye. An 630, li te retounen Lamèk. Li te mouri nan Medine an 632. Apre lanmò li, konpayon li yo te rasanble paj Koran an li te transmèt yo, epi yo te mete yo ansanm nan yon sèl liv. == Lavi Pwofèt Muhammad == == Mirak Pwofèt Muhammad yo == '''<big>MİRAK NAN KORAN AN</big>''' '''1.KONESANS SOU LAVENİ MİRAK Kİ NAN SOURA AR-RUM(WOMEN YO)''' ''“Women yo te sibi yon defèt nan tè ki pi ba a. Men, apre defèt sa a, nan kèk ane, y ap ranpòte laviktwa. Se Allah ki gen dènye desizyon an. Jou sa a, kwayan yo pral rejwi grasa èd Allah. Allah bay viktwa a moun Li vle. Se Li menm ki Toupuisan, ki gen plis mizèrikòd la.”'' (Ar-Rum 2–5) Vèsè a te anonse avèk presizyon ke Women yo t ap ranpòte laviktwa kont Sassanid yo; anplis de sa, li te idantifye kote batay la te dewoule a kòm rejyon Lanmè Mò a — pwen ki pi ba sou Latè. Dosye istorik yo konfime ke batay la te fèt toutbon nan zòn Lanmè Mò a. '''2. KONESANS KE ABU LAHAB T AP MOURI KÒM YON MOUN KI PA KWÈ''' “Se pou men Abu Lahab peri — e anverite, yo deja peri! Ni richès li, ni sa l te akimile yo pap sèvi l anyen. L ap antre nan yon dife k ap flanbe. Epi madanm li tou — yon fanm k ap pote bwa dife, avèk yon kòd fib trese nan kou li.” (Sourat Al-Masad [Tebbet], 1–5) Enkapasite Abu Lahab pou l patisipe nan Batay Badr la ak laperèz li te santi Abu Lahab pa t kapab patisipe pèsonèlman nan Batay Badr la — yon batay ki te fèt ant Mizilman yo ak politeyis (moun ki adore plizyè dye) nan Lamèk — swa akoz maladi, swa akoz laperèz. Nan plas li, li te voye As ibn Hisham — yon moun li te dwe lajan — pou reprezante l, epi li te peye l 4 000 dirham. Sepandan, lespri l te rete nan Lamèk, kote li t ap tann nouvèl ki soti sou chan batay la san rete. Nouvèl defèt la ak chòk li te sibi Lè nouvèl la te rive nan Lamèk ke politeyis yo te sibi yon gwo defèt nan Badr, Abu Lahab te kraze nèt. Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith, ki te kouri kite chan batay la, te rakonte Abu Lahab detay sou batay la toupre Kaaba a. Li te di l: “Nou pa t gen okenn fòs ditou kont Mizilman yo. Anplis de sa, nou te wè — ant syèl la ak tè a — kavalye ki te mete tòban sou tèt yo, k ap monte chwal blan (se te zanj); yo t ap frape nou soti dèyè.”Pandan tan sa a, Umm al-Fadl — madanm al-Abbas, ki te aksepte Islam an kachèt — ansanm ak esklav li a, Abu Rafi, te la epi yo te tande konvèsasyon an. Abu Rafi pa t ka rete an silans; li te di byen fò: "Pa Bondye, se te zanj!" Sa te fè Abu Lahab fache anpil; li te jete Abu Rafi atè epi li te kòmanse bat li san pitye. Umm al-Fadl te entèvni; li te frape Abu Lahab nan tèt ak yon poto tant, sa ki te lakòz yon blesi grav e pwofon. Li te reprimande l, li di l: "Èske w ap bat esklav san defans sa a jis paske li pa gen yon mèt pou defann li?" Maladi "Adasah" la ak Lanmò Mizè li Apre blesi nan tèt sa a ak chòk sikolojik li te sibi akoz defèt nan batay Badr la, Abu Lahab te pran yon maladi yo rele "Adasah" — yon maladi kontajye ki touye moun (ki sanble ak varyòl, antraks, oswa lapès) e ki lakòz maleng mòtèl parèt sou po a. Moun Lamèk yo te pè maladi sa a anpil, paske yo te konsidere l kòm yon bagay ki trè kontajye, menm jan ak lapès. Abu Lahab te mouri nan yon eta mizèab; li t ap tòde anba gwo doulè sou kabann li, pandan tout kò l te kouvri ak maleng ki te plen ak pi. Sò Kadav Li a ak Yon Fen ki Sèvi kòm Avètisman Apre Abu Lahab te mouri, menm pwòp pitit gason l yo — ki te pè pou yo pa t pran maladi a tou — pa t oze manyen kò l pandan plizyè jou. Kadav la te rete anndan kay la, jiskaske li te kòmanse dekonpoze epi bay yon move sant. Lè lòt moun ki te pratike politeyis nan zòn nan te plenyen konsènan move sant ki t ap gaye a, pitit gason l yo — ki te santi anpil wont epi ki te pè anpil — te deside debarase yo ak kò a. Men, yo pa t ka menm manyen rès kò papa yo a. Yo te anboche travayè — an reyalite, se te esklav — pou trennen kadav la avèk gwo poto long, epi jete l nan yon twou deyò vil Lamèk. Kòm yo pa t ka pwoche ase pre, yo te ranpli twou a lè yo te voye wòch ak tè ladan l depi yon distans. '''MANSYON KONSÉNAN KONPAYON YO(SAHABAH)''' NAN TORA A Koran an deklare ke konpayon Pwofèt Muhammad yo mansyone nan Tora a. Vèsè ki konsène sa a se jan sa a: Muhammad se Mesaje Allah a. Moun ki avèk li yo fèm epi yo pa fè konsesyon devan moun ki pa kwè yo, men yo gen mizèrikòd youn pou lòt. Ou wè yo ap bese kò yo epi ap pwostène, y ap chèche favè ak satisfaksyon Allah. Mak yo—tras pwostrasyon an—parèt sou figi yo. Se konsa yo dekri yo nan Tora a. Tèm yo mansyone nan vèsè sa a parèt nan Ezayi 42:10–12. Vèsè ki konsène sa yo se jan sa a: 10. Chante yon nouvo chante pou SENYÈ a, nou menm ki desann nan lanmè, ak tout sa ki ladan l—nou menm zile yo ak moun ki rete sou yo! Se pou yo fè lwanj pou Li avèk chante ki soti nan dènye bout tè a. 11. Se pou dezè a ak vil li yo leve vwa yo, ansanm ak kote moun Kedar yo rete yo. Se pou moun ki rete Sela yo rele ak kè kontan; se pou yo rele byen fò depi sou tèt mòn yo. 12. Se pou yo tout bay SENYÈ a glwa; se pou pèp ki rete bò lanmè yo fè lwanj pou Li. Ezayi 42:10: Chante yon nouvo chante pou SENYÈ a, nou menm ki desann nan lanmè, ak tout sa ki ladan l—nou menm zile yo ak moun ki rete sou yo! Se pou yo fè lwanj pou Li avèk chante ki soti nan dènye bout tè a. Chante yo mansyone nan pasaj sa a se *nasheed* (im) ki rele "Tala' al-Badru 'Alayna" a: Tala' al-Badru 'alayna Lalin plen an leve sou nou Soti nan ti mòn Wada' yo E nou dwe di mèsi Osi lontan ke gen moun k ap lapriyè Allah O ou menm ki te voye nan mitan nou Ou vini avèk yon lòd ki dwe swiv Ou rive epi ou pote onè bay Medina Byenveni, o ou menm ki pi bon pami moun k ap rele [moun vin jwenn lafwa a] '''ISTWA JOSÉF LA GEN LADAN I DETAY Kİ PARÉT NAN VÉSYON Pİ ANSYEN NAN TORA A,MEN Kİ PA PREZAN NAN VÉSYON OFİSYÉL(KANONİK) TORA A.''' Tora a se yon koleksyon tèks ofisyèl — ki gen ladan l senk premye liv yo — ke rabi yo te etabli, e ki santre sou lang ebre a. Nan liv Jenèz la (39:9–10), men sa ki ekri konsènan Jozèf: “Pa gen pèsonn nan kay sa a ki gen plis otorite pase m. Li pa refize m anyen, eksepte ou menm, paske ou se madanm li. Kidonk, kijan m ta ka fè yon gwo mechanste konsa, epi peche kont Bondye?” “Malgre fanm nan te pale ak Jozèf chak jou, li pa t vle koute l; li te refize kouche avèk li oswa gen rapò avèk li.” Sepandan, Targum Jonatan an—yon tradiksyon an arameyen nan ansyen Torah ekri a—rakonte evènman sa a jan sa a: “Pa gen pèsonn nan kay sa a ki gen plis otorite pase m; li pa refize m anyen—eksepte ou menm, paske ou se madanm li. Kidonk, kijan m ta ka fè yon gwo mal konsa epi peche devan Seyè a?” Fanm nan te pale ak Jozèf jou sa a ak jou apre a, men li te refize kouche avèk li; paske li te konnen si li te gen rapò avèk li, li t ap kondane nan gwo Jou Jijman an, nan mond ki gen pou vini an. Kontrèman ak Tora kanonik la, Targoum Jonatan an ajoute yon detay eskatolojik konsènan desten final Jozèf. Menm jan ak plizyè lòt mank oswa twou nan tèks Tora a, detay sa a rete enkonplè tou nan ka sa a. Nan Koran an, istwa a prezante jan sa a nan Sourat Yousouf (12:23–24): "Epi fanm nan, lakay ki moun li te ye a, te chèche sedui l. Li fèmen pòt yo byen fèmen epi li di: 'Vini isit la!' Jozèf reponn: 'M ap chèche refij bò kote Allah! Vrèmanvre, se li ki mèt mwen; li te trete m byen. Moun k ap fè sa ki mal pap janm reyisi.'" Apa de ti diferans nan fason mo yo itilize, istwa Jozèf (Yusuf) nan Koran Sen an sanble anpil ak sa yo jwenn nan Targum yo — yon ansyen tradisyon nan lang Arameyen ki gen rapò ak Tora a — e plis espesyalman, nan Targum Jonatan an (Targum Pseudo-Jonatan). Pandan ke Tora kanonik la pa gen vèsè ki pale sou lavi apre lanmò a, epi li bay yon deskripsyon tou kout sèlman sou fason Jozèf te refize fè adiltè, Targum Jonatan an di: “Men, Jozèf te refize kouche avèk li; paske si l te fè sa, li t ap kondane nan gwo Jou Jijman an, nan mond ki gen pou vini an.” Nou jwenn yon lide ki sanble ak sa nan Koran an, nan Sourat Yusuf: “Se vre, fanm nan te anvi l, epi li menm tou li t ap anvi l, si l pa t wè prèv Seyè l la. Se konsa Nou te retire sa ki mal ak sa ki imoral devan l; paske li te, toutbon, youn nan sèvitè Nou te chwazi yo, ki te sensè.” Yo ekri ke li t ap enposib pou Pwofèt Muhammad te aprann sa, piske li pa t konn lang Arameyen an, e tèks sa yo te prèske disparèt nèt—oswa, nan ka kote yo te rete egziste, yo te rete kache nan bibliyotèk sèten kominote. Sepandan, gen yon rankont ki te fèt ant Pwofèt Muhammad ak kèk Juif ki te konnen vèsyon orijinal istwa Jozèf la: Yon jou, yon savan Juif te vin jwenn Mesaje Allah a. Mesye sa a te yon moun ki te konn li Tora a. Lè l te tande Pwofèt Muhammad ap resite Sourat Yusuf, li te remake ke sa te koresponn ak istwa ki te revele bay Moyiz nan Tora a. Savan Jwif la te mande l: “O Muhammad! Ki moun ki anseye w sa?” Pwofèt Muhammad te reponn: “Se Allah ki anseye m sa.” Savan Jwif la te sezi anpil pa sa l te tande a. Lè l tounen al jwenn lòt Jwif parèy li yo, li di yo: “Pa Allah! Muhammad ap resite Koran an egzakteman jan sa te revele nan Torah a!” Apre sa, li te tounen al jwenn Pwofèt Muhammad, avèk yon gwoup nan mesye sa yo. Yo te rekonèt li grasa deskripsyon yo te resevwa sou li, epi yo te wè Siy Pwofèt la ant zepòl li yo. Pandan yo t ap koute l ap resite Sourat Yusuf, yo te rete bouch be devan sa yo t ap tande a. “O Muhammad! Ki moun ki anseye w sa?” yo te mande l. Mesaje Allah a te reponn: “Se Allah ki anseye m sa.” Yo rapòte ke, apre sa, vèsè sa a te desann (revele): “An verite, nan [istwa] Yusuf ak frè l yo, gen leson pou moun k ap poze kesyon.” (Yusuf 12:7) Dapre istwa a, vèsè sa a—ki adrese moun k ap chèche konnen istwa a—te pouse tout gwoup la aksepte Islam. Jan nou ka wè sa, lefètke Pwofèt Muhammad — san l pa t janm li Tora a — te konnen istwa egzak ki soti nan ansyen Tora a, se yon vrè mirak. == Seksyon bibliyografi == {{referans}} == Detay enpòtan == {{DEFAULTSORT:Mahomet}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Relijyon]] [[Kategori:Islamis]] bphfst9r0w6q4s1q7ngqz9yknms5q0k 889562 889554 2026-10-29T16:58:18Z Kitanago 19629 889562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{moun |tèks=Mohamméd |dat nesans= 571 |lye nesans= Lamèk |dat lanmò= 632 Medina |nasyonalite=Arab Adnanit |pwofesyon=Komèsan, Bèje, Imam, Predikatè, Prezidan, Kòmandan|aktivite prensipal=Misyon pwofetik la|lòt aktivite=|desandan=Banu Hashim|non=Pwofèt Mohamméd}} Muhammad (Arab: مُحَمَّد; anviwon 571 – 8 jen 632) se dènye pwofèt relijyon Islamik la, epi li se fondatè ak premye lidè eta Islamik la. Li te soti nan klan Banu Hashim, yon liyaj ki remonte rive jis nan pwofèt Ismayèl. Se li menm ki te retabli epi konplete relijyon monoteyis yo—relijyon pwofèt tankou Adan, Noe, Abraram, Moyiz, ak Jezi te pote okòmansman, men ki te sibi chanjman pita—epi li sèvi kòm dènye pwofèt Bondye te voye bay limanite. Li te fèt nan Lamèk an 571; papa l te rele Abdullah, manman l te rele Aminah, epi nouris li te rele Halimah. Papa l te mouri anvan li te fèt. Apre manman l te fin mouri, li te al viv avèk granpapa l, epi apre granpapa l te mouri tou, li te tonbe anba swen tonton l. Anvan li te vin yon pwofèt, moun ki te bò kote l yo te konn rele l "Muhammad ki fyab la" (Al-Amin), epi li te rekonèt pou bon kè li te genyen anvè lòt moun. Li te fè komès epi li te travay kòm gadò mouton. A laj 25 an, li te marye ak Khadijah—ki te gen 40 an lè sa a—apre Khadijah te fin fè l yon pwopozisyon maryaj. A laj 40 an, pandan li te nan Kav Hira sou Mòn Limyè a (Jabal al-Nour), li te resevwa premye revelasyon li, atravè Anj Gabriyèl, ke Bondye te voye. Apre sa, li te konsakre lavi l pou l transmèt revelasyon li te resevwa nan men Bondye yo. Akòz pèsekisyon li menm ak disip li yo t ap sibi, li te kite Lamèk pou l ale Medine an 622, ansanm ak lòt Mizilman yo. Li te defann kominote l la nan batay defansif kont moun Lamèk yo ki te adore plizyè dye. An 630, li te retounen Lamèk. Li te mouri nan Medine an 632. Apre lanmò li, konpayon li yo te rasanble paj Koran an li te transmèt yo, epi yo te mete yo ansanm nan yon sèl liv. == Lavi Pwofèt Muhammad == == Mirak Pwofèt Muhammad yo == == Seksyon bibliyografi == {{referans}} == Detay enpòtan == {{DEFAULTSORT:Mahomet}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Relijyon]] [[Kategori:Islamis]] 6sg2yfuthok6lpl37pn433tvumyietj 889563 889562 2026-10-29T16:59:10Z Kitanago 19629 889563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}} {{Infobox Biographie2 |tèks=Mohamméd |dat nesans= 571 |lye nesans= Lamèk |dat lanmò= 632 |nasyonalite=Arab Adnanit |pwofesyon=Komèsan, Bèje, Imam, Predikatè, Prezidan, Kòmandan|aktivite prensipal=Misyon pwofetik la|lòt aktivite=|desandan=Banu Hashim|non=Pwofèt Mohamméd}} Muhammad (Arab: مُحَمَّد; anviwon 571 – 8 jen 632) se dènye pwofèt relijyon Islamik la, epi li se fondatè ak premye lidè eta Islamik la. Li te soti nan klan Banu Hashim, yon liyaj ki remonte rive jis nan pwofèt Ismayèl. Se li menm ki te retabli epi konplete relijyon monoteyis yo—relijyon pwofèt tankou Adan, Noe, Abraram, Moyiz, ak Jezi te pote okòmansman, men ki te sibi chanjman pita—epi li sèvi kòm dènye pwofèt Bondye te voye bay limanite. Li te fèt nan Lamèk an 571; papa l te rele Abdullah, manman l te rele Aminah, epi nouris li te rele Halimah. Papa l te mouri anvan li te fèt. Apre manman l te fin mouri, li te al viv avèk granpapa l, epi apre granpapa l te mouri tou, li te tonbe anba swen tonton l. Anvan li te vin yon pwofèt, moun ki te bò kote l yo te konn rele l "Muhammad ki fyab la" (Al-Amin), epi li te rekonèt pou bon kè li te genyen anvè lòt moun. Li te fè komès epi li te travay kòm gadò mouton. A laj 25 an, li te marye ak Khadijah—ki te gen 40 an lè sa a—apre Khadijah te fin fè l yon pwopozisyon maryaj. A laj 40 an, pandan li te nan Kav Hira sou Mòn Limyè a (Jabal al-Nour), li te resevwa premye revelasyon li, atravè Anj Gabriyèl, ke Bondye te voye. Apre sa, li te konsakre lavi l pou l transmèt revelasyon li te resevwa nan men Bondye yo. Akòz pèsekisyon li menm ak disip li yo t ap sibi, li te kite Lamèk pou l ale Medine an 622, ansanm ak lòt Mizilman yo. Li te defann kominote l la nan batay defansif kont moun Lamèk yo ki te adore plizyè dye. An 630, li te retounen Lamèk. Li te mouri nan Medine an 632. Apre lanmò li, konpayon li yo te rasanble paj Koran an li te transmèt yo, epi yo te mete yo ansanm nan yon sèl liv. == Lavi Pwofèt Muhammad == == Mirak Pwofèt Muhammad yo == == Seksyon bibliyografi == {{referans}} == Detay enpòtan == {{DEFAULTSORT:Mahomet}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Relijyon]] [[Kategori:Islamis]] q38i7pms9hs8pjlealqth1gz39lgrhh 889569 889563 2026-10-29T17:20:30Z Emmanuel katrisyon 40856 /* */ 889569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}}Muhammad (Arab: مُحَمَّد; anviwon 571 – 8 jen 632) se dènye pwofèt relijyon Islamik la, epi li se fondatè ak premye lidè eta Islamik la. Li te soti nan klan Banu Hashim, yon liyaj ki remonte rive jis nan pwofèt Ismayèl. Se li menm ki te retabli epi konplete relijyon monoteyis yo—relijyon pwofèt tankou Adan, Noe, Abraram, Moyiz, ak Jezi te pote okòmansman, men ki te sibi chanjman pita—epi li sèvi kòm dènye pwofèt Bondye te voye bay limanite. Li te fèt nan Lamèk an 571; papa l te rele Abdullah, manman l te rele Aminah, epi nouris li te rele Halimah. Papa l te mouri anvan li te fèt. Apre manman l te fin mouri, li te al viv avèk granpapa l, epi apre granpapa l te mouri tou, li te tonbe anba swen tonton l. Anvan li te vin yon pwofèt, moun ki te bò kote l yo te konn rele l "Muhammad ki fyab la" (Al-Amin), epi li te rekonèt pou bon kè li te genyen anvè lòt moun. Li te fè komès epi li te travay kòm gadò mouton. A laj 25 an, li te marye ak Khadijah—ki te gen 40 an lè sa a—apre Khadijah te fin fè l yon pwopozisyon maryaj. A laj 40 an, pandan li te nan Kav Hira sou Mòn Limyè a (Jabal al-Nour), li te resevwa premye revelasyon li, atravè Anj Gabriyèl, ke Bondye te voye. Apre sa, li te konsakre lavi l pou l transmèt revelasyon li te resevwa nan men Bondye yo. Akòz pèsekisyon li menm ak disip li yo t ap sibi, li te kite Lamèk pou l ale Medine an 622, ansanm ak lòt Mizilman yo. Li te defann kominote l la nan batay defansif kont moun Lamèk yo ki te adore plizyè dye. An 630, li te retounen Lamèk. Li te mouri nan Medine an 632. Apre lanmò li, konpayon li yo te rasanble paj Koran an li te transmèt yo, epi yo te mete yo ansanm nan yon sèl liv. == Lavi Pwofèt Muhammad == == Mirak Pwofèt Muhammad yo == == Seksyon bibliyografi == {{referans}} == Detay enpòtan == {{DEFAULTSORT:Mahomet}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Relijyon]] [[Kategori:Islamis]] o1i1yx8dnt1guu77kyh39sjfktv5hy4 889570 889569 2026-10-29T17:22:48Z Emmanuel katrisyon 40856 /* Mirak Pwofèt Muhammad yo */ 889570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ebòch}}Muhammad (Arab: مُحَمَّد; anviwon 571 – 8 jen 632) se dènye pwofèt relijyon Islamik la, epi li se fondatè ak premye lidè eta Islamik la. Li te soti nan klan Banu Hashim, yon liyaj ki remonte rive jis nan pwofèt Ismayèl. Se li menm ki te retabli epi konplete relijyon monoteyis yo—relijyon pwofèt tankou Adan, Noe, Abraram, Moyiz, ak Jezi te pote okòmansman, men ki te sibi chanjman pita—epi li sèvi kòm dènye pwofèt Bondye te voye bay limanite. Li te fèt nan Lamèk an 571; papa l te rele Abdullah, manman l te rele Aminah, epi nouris li te rele Halimah. Papa l te mouri anvan li te fèt. Apre manman l te fin mouri, li te al viv avèk granpapa l, epi apre granpapa l te mouri tou, li te tonbe anba swen tonton l. Anvan li te vin yon pwofèt, moun ki te bò kote l yo te konn rele l "Muhammad ki fyab la" (Al-Amin), epi li te rekonèt pou bon kè li te genyen anvè lòt moun. Li te fè komès epi li te travay kòm gadò mouton. A laj 25 an, li te marye ak Khadijah—ki te gen 40 an lè sa a—apre Khadijah te fin fè l yon pwopozisyon maryaj. A laj 40 an, pandan li te nan Kav Hira sou Mòn Limyè a (Jabal al-Nour), li te resevwa premye revelasyon li, atravè Anj Gabriyèl, ke Bondye te voye. Apre sa, li te konsakre lavi l pou l transmèt revelasyon li te resevwa nan men Bondye yo. Akòz pèsekisyon li menm ak disip li yo t ap sibi, li te kite Lamèk pou l ale Medine an 622, ansanm ak lòt Mizilman yo. Li te defann kominote l la nan batay defansif kont moun Lamèk yo ki te adore plizyè dye. An 630, li te retounen Lamèk. Li te mouri nan Medine an 632. Apre lanmò li, konpayon li yo te rasanble paj Koran an li te transmèt yo, epi yo te mete yo ansanm nan yon sèl liv. == Lavi Pwofèt Muhammad == == Mirak Pwofèt Muhammad yo == MIRAK NAN KORAN AN 1. KONESANS SOU LAVENI MIRAK KI NAN SOURA AR-RUM (WOMEN YO) “Women yo te sibi yon defèt nan tè ki pi ba a. Men, apre defèt sa a, nan kèk ane, y ap ranpòte laviktwa. Se Allah ki gen dènye desizyon an. Jou sa a, kwayan yo pral rejwi grasa èd Allah. Allah bay viktwa a moun Li vle. Se Li menm ki Toupuisan, ki gen plis mizèrikòd la.” (Ar-Rum 2–5) Vèsè a te anonse avèk presizyon ke Women yo t ap ranpòte laviktwa kont Sassanid yo; anplis de sa, li te idantifye kote batay la te dewoule a kòm rejyon Lanmè Mò a — pwen ki pi ba sou Latè. Dosye istorik yo konfime ke batay la te fèt toutbon nan zòn Lanmè Mò a. Konesans ke Abu Lahab t ap mouri kòm yon moun ki pa kwè “Se pou men Abu Lahab peri — e anverite, yo deja peri! Ni richès li, ni sa l te akimile yo pap sèvi l anyen. L ap antre nan yon dife k ap flanbe. Epi madanm li tou — yon fanm k ap pote bwa dife, avèk yon kòd fib trese nan kou li.” (Sourat Al-Masad [Tebbet], 1–5) Enkapasite Abu Lahab pou l patisipe nan Batay Badr la ak laperèz li te santi Abu Lahab pa t kapab patisipe pèsonèlman nan Batay Badr la — yon batay ki te fèt ant Mizilman yo ak politeyis (moun ki adore plizyè dye) nan Lamèk — swa akoz maladi, swa akoz laperèz. Nan plas li, li te voye As ibn Hisham — yon moun li te dwe lajan — pou reprezante l, epi li te peye l 4 000 dirham. Sepandan, lespri l te rete nan Lamèk, kote li t ap tann nouvèl ki soti sou chan batay la san rete. Nouvèl defèt la ak chòk li te sibi Lè nouvèl la te rive nan Lamèk ke politeyis yo te sibi yon gwo defèt nan Badr, Abu Lahab te kraze nèt. Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith, ki te kouri kite chan batay la, te rakonte Abu Lahab detay sou batay la toupre Kaaba a. Li te di l: “Nou pa t gen okenn fòs ditou kont Mizilman yo. Anplis de sa, nou te wè — ant syèl la ak tè a — kavalye ki te mete tòban sou tèt yo, k ap monte chwal blan (se te zanj); yo t ap frape nou soti dèyè.”Pandan tan sa a, Umm al-Fadl — madanm al-Abbas, ki te aksepte Islam an kachèt — ansanm ak esklav li a, Abu Rafi, te la epi yo te tande konvèsasyon an. Abu Rafi pa t ka rete an silans; li te di byen fò: "Pa Bondye, se te zanj!" Sa te fè Abu Lahab fache anpil; li te jete Abu Rafi atè epi li te kòmanse bat li san pitye. Umm al-Fadl te entèvni; li te frape Abu Lahab nan tèt ak yon poto tant, sa ki te lakòz yon blesi grav e pwofon. Li te reprimande l, li di l: "Èske w ap bat esklav san defans sa a jis paske li pa gen yon mèt pou defann li?" Maladi "Adasah" la ak Lanmò Mizè li Apre blesi nan tèt sa a ak chòk sikolojik li te sibi akoz defèt nan batay Badr la, Abu Lahab te pran yon maladi yo rele "Adasah" — yon maladi kontajye ki touye moun (ki sanble ak varyòl, antraks, oswa lapès) e ki lakòz maleng mòtèl parèt sou po a. Moun Lamèk yo te pè maladi sa a anpil, paske yo te konsidere l kòm yon bagay ki trè kontajye, menm jan ak lapès. Abu Lahab te mouri nan yon eta mizèab; li t ap tòde anba gwo doulè sou kabann li, pandan tout kò l te kouvri ak maleng ki te plen ak pi. Sò Kadav Li a ak Yon Fen ki Sèvi kòm Avètisman Apre Abu Lahab te mouri, menm pwòp pitit gason l yo — ki te pè pou yo pa t pran maladi a tou — pa t oze manyen kò l pandan plizyè jou. Kadav la te rete anndan kay la, jiskaske li te kòmanse dekonpoze epi bay yon move sant. Lè lòt moun ki te pratike politeyis nan zòn nan te plenyen konsènan move sant ki t ap gaye a, pitit gason l yo — ki te santi anpil wont epi ki te pè anpil — te deside debarase yo ak kò a. Men, yo pa t ka menm manyen rès kò papa yo a. Yo te anboche travayè — an reyalite, se te esklav — pou trennen kadav la avèk gwo poto long, epi jete l nan yon twou deyò vil Lamèk. Kòm yo pa t ka pwoche ase pre, yo te ranpli twou a lè yo te voye wòch ak tè ladan l depi yon distans. Istwa Jozèf la gen ladan l detay ki parèt nan vèsyon pi ansyen nan Tora a, men ki pa prezan nan vèsyon ofisyèl (kanonik) Tora a. Tora a se yon koleksyon tèks ofisyèl — ki gen ladan l senk premye liv yo — ke rabi yo te etabli, e ki santre sou lang ebre a. Nan liv Jenèz la (39:9–10), men sa ki ekri konsènan Jozèf: “Pa gen pèsonn nan kay sa a ki gen plis otorite pase m. Li pa refize m anyen, eksepte ou menm, paske ou se madanm li. Kidonk, kijan m ta ka fè yon gwo mechanste konsa, epi peche kont Bondye?” “Malgre fanm nan te pale ak Jozèf chak jou, li pa t vle koute l; li te refize kouche avèk li oswa gen rapò avèk li.” Sepandan, Targum Jonatan an—yon tradiksyon an arameyen nan ansyen Torah ekri a—rakonte evènman sa a jan sa a: “Pa gen pèsonn nan kay sa a ki gen plis otorite pase m; li pa refize m anyen—eksepte ou menm, paske ou se madanm li. Kidonk, kijan m ta ka fè yon gwo mal konsa epi peche devan Seyè a?” Fanm nan te pale ak Jozèf jou sa a ak jou apre a, men li te refize kouche avèk li; paske li te konnen si li te gen rapò avèk li, li t ap kondane nan gwo Jou Jijman an, nan mond ki gen pou vini an. Kontrèman ak Tora kanonik la, Targoum Jonatan an ajoute yon detay eskatolojik konsènan desten final Jozèf. Menm jan ak plizyè lòt mank oswa twou nan tèks Tora a, detay sa a rete enkonplè tou nan ka sa a. Nan Koran an, istwa a prezante jan sa a nan Sourat Yousouf (12:23–24): "Epi fanm nan, lakay ki moun li te ye a, te chèche sedui l. Li fèmen pòt yo byen fèmen epi li di: 'Vini isit la!' Jozèf reponn: 'M ap chèche refij bò kote Allah! Vrèmanvre, se li ki mèt mwen; li te trete m byen. Moun k ap fè sa ki mal pap janm reyisi.'" Apa de ti diferans nan fason mo yo itilize, istwa Jozèf (Yusuf) nan Koran Sen an sanble anpil ak sa yo jwenn nan Targum yo — yon ansyen tradisyon nan lang Arameyen ki gen rapò ak Tora a — e plis espesyalman, nan Targum Jonatan an (Targum Pseudo-Jonatan). Pandan ke Tora kanonik la pa gen vèsè ki pale sou lavi apre lanmò a, epi li bay yon deskripsyon tou kout sèlman sou fason Jozèf te refize fè adiltè, Targum Jonatan an di: “Men, Jozèf te refize kouche avèk li; paske si l te fè sa, li t ap kondane nan gwo Jou Jijman an, nan mond ki gen pou vini an.” Nou jwenn yon lide ki sanble ak sa nan Koran an, nan Sourat Yusuf: “Se vre, fanm nan te anvi l, epi li menm tou li t ap anvi l, si l pa t wè prèv Seyè l la. Se konsa Nou te retire sa ki mal ak sa ki imoral devan l; paske li te, toutbon, youn nan sèvitè Nou te chwazi yo, ki te sensè.” Yo ekri ke li t ap enposib pou Pwofèt Muhammad te aprann sa, piske li pa t konn lang Arameyen an, e tèks sa yo te prèske disparèt nèt—oswa, nan ka kote yo te rete egziste, yo te rete kache nan bibliyotèk sèten kominote. Sepandan, gen yon rankont ki te fèt ant Pwofèt Muhammad ak kèk Juif ki te konnen vèsyon orijinal istwa Jozèf la: Yon jou, yon savan Juif te vin jwenn Mesaje Allah a. Mesye sa a te yon moun ki te konn li Tora a. Lè l te tande Pwofèt Muhammad ap resite Sourat Yusuf, li te remake ke sa te koresponn ak istwa ki te revele bay Moyiz nan Tora a. Savan Jwif la te mande l: “O Muhammad! Ki moun ki anseye w sa?” Pwofèt Muhammad te reponn: “Se Allah ki anseye m sa.” Savan Jwif la te sezi anpil pa sa l te tande a. Lè l tounen al jwenn lòt Jwif parèy li yo, li di yo: “Pa Allah! Muhammad ap resite Koran an egzakteman jan sa te revele nan Torah a!” Apre sa, li te tounen al jwenn Pwofèt Muhammad, avèk yon gwoup nan mesye sa yo. Yo te rekonèt li grasa deskripsyon yo te resevwa sou li, epi yo te wè Siy Pwofèt la ant zepòl li yo. Pandan yo t ap koute l ap resite Sourat Yusuf, yo te rete bouch be devan sa yo t ap tande a. “O Muhammad! Ki moun ki anseye w sa?” yo te mande l. Mesaje Allah a te reponn: “Se Allah ki anseye m sa.” Yo rapòte ke, apre sa, vèsè sa a te desann (revele): “An verite, nan [istwa] Yusuf ak frè l yo, gen leson pou moun k ap poze kesyon.” (Yusuf 12:7) Dapre istwa a, vèsè sa a—ki adrese moun k ap chèche konnen istwa a—te pouse tout gwoup la aksepte Islam. Jan nou ka wè sa, lefètke Pwofèt Muhammad — san l pa t janm li Tora a — te konnen istwa egzak ki soti nan ansyen Tora a, se yon vrè mirak. == Seksyon bibliyografi == {{referans}} == Detay enpòtan == {{DEFAULTSORT:Mahomet}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Relijyon]] [[Kategori:Islamis]] pvi6sh8qqrvh3mzi1boexo257dhl1u7 0 66894 889590 718942 2026-10-29T23:51:41Z Mario sentik 40864 889590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:Charles, Francisco}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Aktè]] i660t5sletdckolzv7ku0iod91jnosf 3 67450 889571 889442 2026-10-29T17:29:55Z Emmanuel katrisyon 40856 889571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Achiv auto | recherche = oui | âge = 90 jou }} == Modèl:Refsou == Is [[Modèl:Refsou]] the same as [[w:en:Template:Citation needed]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 jiyè 2024 à 17:14 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Of course they are the same, and it is copied from the French version with translation into Haitian Creole [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:37 (UTC) ::So the same as [[Modèl:Referans nesesè]]? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:56 (UTC) == Thank You for Your Contribution to Feminism and Folklore 2024! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|center|500px]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikimedian, We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor. As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in organizing the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeHYAhFA9Q5vUs9UA1N45TOUxUdSNO8igGTmg4oPUL_qXS1EQ/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] by August 15th, 2024. Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2025. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity. Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia. With warm regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''. --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 jiyè 2024 à 12:28 (UTC) </div>. <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2024&oldid=26557949 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 jiyè 2024 à 01:56 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 jiyè 2024 à 01:44 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 out 2024 à 02:13 (UTC)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27264174 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class. The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies. Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 out 2024 à 01:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27278917 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 out 2024 à 03:19 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27345183 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 septanm 2024 à 01:42 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27357319 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 septanm 2024 à 00:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Voters == Have you invited eligible voters to [[Wikipedya:Administratè#Kitanago 2024-2025]], or would you like me to? [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 27 septanm 2024 à 01:56 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], no I don't do it yet. Thanks for helping me! [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 01:32 (UTC) ::I'll post messages to the more active editors in [[Espesyal:ItilizatèAktif]]. (I have done this for admin elections here for years now.) [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2024 à 02:59 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 septanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as "little Danes". While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 oktòb 2024 à 03:16 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 oktòb 2024 à 02:38 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Request == Hi! Can you please take a look at [[:Kategori:Pou efase]]? Thanks, [[Itilizatè:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:TenWhile6|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 09:36 (UTC) :Okay [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 25 oktòb 2024 à 16:59 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklores 2024 Organizers Feedback == Dear Organizer, [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | right | frameless]] We extend our heartfelt gratitude for your invaluable contributions to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2024 Feminism and Folklore 2024]. Your dedication to promoting feminist perspectives on Wikimedia platforms has been instrumental in the campaign's success. To better understand your initiatives and impact, we invite you to participate in a short survey (5-7 minutes). Your feedback will help us document your achievements in our report and showcase your story in our upcoming blog, highlighting the diversity of [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore] initiatives. Click to participate in the [https://forms.gle/dSeoDP1r7S4KCrVZ6 survey]. By participating in the By participating in the survey, you help us share your efforts in reports and upcoming blogs. This will help showcase and amplify your work, inspiring others to join the movement. The survey covers: #Community engagement and participation #Challenges and successes #Partnership Thank you again for your tireless efforts in promoting [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore Feminism and Folklore]. Best regards,<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 14:23, 26 October 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 oktòb 2024 à 02:05 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 novanm 2024 à 02:17 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == [Reminder] Apply for Cycle 3 Grants by December 1st! == Dear Feminism and Folklore Organizers, We hope this message finds you well. We are excited to inform you that the application window for Wikimedia Foundation's Cycle 3 of our grants is now open. Please ensure to submit your applications by December 1st. For a comprehensive guide on how to apply, please refer to the Wiki Loves Folklore Grant Toolkit: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_Grant_Toolkit Additionally, you can find detailed information on the Rapid Grant timeline here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Project/Rapid#Timeline We appreciate your continuous efforts and contributions to our campaigns. Should you have any questions or need further assistance, please do not hesitate to reach out: '''support@wikilovesfolkore.org''' Kind regards, <br> On behalf of the Wiki Loves Folklore International Team. <br> [[User:Joris Darlington Quarshie | Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[User talk:Joris Darlington Quarshie|talk]]) 08:39, 9 November 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 novanm 2024 à 02:09 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27708700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 novanm 2024 à 02:53 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27735014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 novanm 2024 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 desanm 2024 à 02:48 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == [Workshop] Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia == Dear Recipient,<br> We are excited to invite you to the third workshop in our Advocacy series, part of the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign. This highly anticipated workshop, titled <b>"Identifying Win-Win Relationships with Partners for Wikimedia,"</b> will be led by the esteemed Alex Stinson, Lead Program Strategist at the Wikimedia Foundation. Don't miss this opportunity to gain valuable insights into forging effective partnerships. ===Workshop Objectives=== * <b>Introduction to Partnerships: </b>Understand the importance of building win-win relationships within the Wikimedia movement. * <b>Strategies for Collaboration: </b>Learn practical strategies for identifying and fostering effective partnerships. * <b>Case Studies:</b> Explore real-world examples of successful partnerships in the Wikimedia community. * <b>Interactive Discussions: </b>Engage in discussions to share experiences and insights on collaboration and advocacy. ===Workshop Details=== 📅 Date: 7th December 2024<br> ⏰ Time: 4:30 PM UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1733589000 Check your local time zone])<br> 📍 Venue: Zoom Meeting ===How to Join:=== Registration Link: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Identifying_Win-Win_Relationships_with_Partners_for_Wikimedia <br> Meeting ID: 860 4444 3016 <br> Passcode: 834088 We welcome participants to bring their diverse perspectives and stories as we drive into the collaborative opportunities within the Wikimedia movement. Together, we’ll explore how these partnerships can enhance our advocacy and community efforts. Thank you, Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 07:34, 03 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Evènman nan Nouyòk == Bonjou ! Demen, dimanch 8 desanm, pral gen yon ti evènman nan Nouyòk, kote mwen pral montre kèk moun ki pale kreyòl ayisyen ki jan yo edite Wikipedia. Nou pral petèt kreye ak modifye kèk atik. Ou se administratè a, donk mwen te vle fè w konnen sa. Mwen pa pale kreyòl ayisyen byen, men mwen ka li ak ekri kreyòl yon ti, ak mwen pral fè tout sa mwen kapab pou gade ki moun sa a edite byen. Mèsi ! [[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Amire80|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 21:02 (UTC) :Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Amire80|Amire80]] ! Pa gen pwoblèm, si ou ta bezwen sipò mwen, pa neglije kontakte m. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 7 desanm 2024 à 22:43 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 desanm 2024 à 01:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Lang template == In [https://ht.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doctor_Who&oldid=856014 this]: The {{tl|lang}} template here is meant to put a small (80%) language code in the article, like this: {{lang|en|Something}}. It has mostly been used in the ==External links== section. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 12 desanm 2024 à 17:36 (UTC) :Hello @[[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]], Likewise in wp fr this model is used to indicate the language of a text, of any word. I don't know yet, does it have another role? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 20:20 (UTC) ::I think that [[Template:Lang]] on this wiki might have been intended, when it was originally created, to correspond to [[w:en:Template:In lang]] and not [[w:en:Template:Lang]]. See [[Lis endikatif telefòn entènasyonal pa kòd zòn#Lyen ekstèn]] for one that uses both {{tl|en}} and also {{tl|lang|en||}}. ::80% font size is okay for a note that says <small>(In English)</small>. It's not okay for text in the middle of an article, or in its title: "{{lang|en|Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone}} is the first Harry Potter book." Also, I don't really want to see "(en)" in ordinary sentences. ::For pure markup purposes, then the visual editor adds the codes (same menu as other character formatting): <span lang="en" dir="ltr">This is English</span>. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 21:57 (UTC) :::The majority of articles using this template are directly translated from French, mainly using machine translation. Therefore, it is used in the same way as in the French version. If this template were to be changed now, wouldn't it require increased monitoring of translations coming from French? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 14 desanm 2024 à 22:32 (UTC) ::::Well... that depends on whether the translation method is "Paste raw wikitext into Google Translate and hope that what comes out isn't too broken" or "Use the [[mw:Content translation]] tools, which are designed to map templates to their matching pairs via Wikidata". Google Translate screws up all kinds of things (e.g., turning <code><nowiki>[[Link]]</nowiki></code> into <code>[Link ] ]</code>) so this would be just one more among hundreds of problems it creates. ::::If we want to turn it into a way of wrapping some text in <code><nowiki><span lang="en" dir="ltr"></nowiki></code> tags, then we need to change the template. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 15 desanm 2024 à 02:11 (UTC) :::::I understand, maybe it's a copy of the English or French version? [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 03:28 (UTC) ::::::The creator here spoke French, but the creation of this template predates the creation of [[w:fr:Modèle:Lang]] (which has since been renamed "Langue"). Meta-Wiki's and the English Wikipedia's are a couple of months older, but they don't match the formatting. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 20:07 (UTC) :::::::In this sense what do you think is the best solution according to you? We must correct it immediately and avoid the same thing in future articles. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 21:38 (UTC) ::::::::I replaced the template with the one from the English version ([[:en:template:Lang]]) although it will have an effect on the articles that use it, but I think it is better to use it instead ([[:fr:Modèle:en langue]]) <==> ht :([[modèl:Nan lang]]) to better respond. Here you have to scrupulously monitor the articles automatically translated from the French version. [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 17 desanm 2024 à 14:41 (UTC) :::::::::That sounds good. [[Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|WhatamIdoing]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:WhatamIdoing|diskisyon]]) 19 desanm 2024 à 21:21 (UTC) ::::::::::Great [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 20 desanm 2024 à 18:47 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 desanm 2024 à 01:45 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 desanm 2024 à 02:55 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 in Your Country == [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless]] Dear Team, My name is Joris Darlington Quarshie (user: Joris Darlington Quarshie), and I am the Event Coordinator for the Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 (WLF) International campaign. Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 is a photographic competition aimed at highlighting folk culture worldwide. The annual international photography competition is held on Wikimedia Commons between the 1st of February and the 31st of March. This campaign invites photographers and enthusiasts of folk culture globally to showcase their local traditions, festivals, cultural practices, and other folk events by uploading photographs to Wikimedia Commons. As we celebrate the seventh anniversary of Wiki Loves Folklore, the international team is thrilled to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and organizations worldwide to host a local edition in their respective countries. This is an opportunity to bring more visibility to the folk culture of your region and contribute valuable content to the internet. * Please find the project page for this year’s edition at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025 * To sign up and organize the event in your country, visit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2025/Organize If you wish to organize your local edition in either February or March instead of both months, feel free to let us know. In addition to the photographic competition, there will also be a Wikipedia writing competition called Feminism and Folklore, which focuses on topics related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture on Wikipedia. We welcome your team to organize both the photo and writing campaigns or either one of them in your local Wiki edition. If you are unable to organize both campaigns, feel free to share this opportunity with other groups or organizations in your region that may be interested. * You can find the Feminism and Folklore project page here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 * The page to sign up is: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page For any questions or to discuss further collaboration, feel free to contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. If your team wishes to connect via a meeting to discuss this further, please let us know. We look forward to your participation in Wiki Loves Folklore 2025 and to seeing the incredible folk culture of your region represented on Wikimedia Commons. Sincerely, The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 08:50, 27 December 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 desanm 2024 à 02:37 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28019313 --> == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 == == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2025 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"><em>{{int:please-translate}}</em></div> Dear {{PAGENAME}}, My name is [[User:SAgbley|Stella Agbley]], and I am the Event Coordinator for the Feminism and Folklore 2025 (FnF) International campaign. We're thrilled to announce the Feminism and Folklore 2025 writing competition, held in conjunction with Wiki Loves Folklore 2025! This initiative focuses on enriching Wikipedia with content related to feminism, women's issues, gender gaps, and folk culture. === Why Host the Competition? === * Empower voices: Provide a platform for discussions on feminism and its intersection with folk culture. * Enrich Wikipedia: Contribute valuable content to Wikipedia on underrepresented topics. * Raise awareness: Increase global understanding of these important issues. === Exciting Prizes Await! === We're delighted to acknowledge outstanding contributions with a range of prizes: **International Recognition:** * 1st Prize: $300 USD * 2nd Prize: $200 USD * 3rd Prize: $100 USD * Consolation Prizes (Top 10): $50 USD each **Local Recognition (Details Coming Soon!):** Each participating Wikipedia edition (out of 40+) will offer local prizes. Stay tuned for announcements! All prizes will be distributed in a convenient and accessible manner. Winners will receive major brand gift cards or vouchers equivalent to the prize value in their local currency. === Ready to Get Involved? === Learn more about Feminism and Folklore 2025: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025 Feminism and Folklore 2025] Sign Up to Organize a Campaign: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page Campaign Sign-Up Page] === Collaboration is Key! === Whether you choose to organize both photo and writing competitions (Wiki Loves Folklore and Feminism and Folklore) or just one, we encourage your participation. If hosting isn't feasible, please share this opportunity with interested groups in your region. === Let's Collaborate! === For questions or to discuss further collaboration, please contact us via the Talk page or email at support@wikilovesfolklore.org. We're happy to schedule a meeting to discuss details further. Together, let's celebrate women's voices and enrich Wikipedia with valuable content! Thank you, **Wiki Loves Folklore International Team** </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:02, 05 January 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of "national security". The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 janvye 2025 à 03:56 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28070038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Julemerke]])&#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 janvye 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28086717 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 janvye 2025 à 01:20 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28099770 --> == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 26 janvye 2025 à 06:24 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Doc James@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam ("Great Leader"). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 janvye 2025 à 01:30 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28156501 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 fevriye 2025 à 12:21 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 fevriye 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer "Yes" or "No" to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 fevriye 2025 à 01:21 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28245290 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative "informal and ad-hoc group" in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 fevriye 2025 à 02:23 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28300238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 mas 2025 à 01:50 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 mas 2025 à 02:50 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Join Us Today: Amplify Women’s Stories on Wikipedia! == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, {{quote|Join us this International Women’s Month to uncover hidden stories and reshape cultural narratives! Dive into an interactive workshop where we’ll illuminate gaps in folklore and women’s history on Wikipedia—and take action to ensure their legacies are written into history.}} Facilitated by '''Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight''', this workshop will explore how to identify and curate missing stories about women’s contributions to culture and heritage. Let’s work together to amplify voices that have been overlooked for far too long! == Event Details == * '''📅 Date''': Today (15 March 2025) * '''⏰ Time''': 4:00 PM UTC ([https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/converter.html Convert to your time zone]) * '''📍 Platform''': [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/87522074523?pwd=0EEz1jfr4i9d9Nvdm3ioTaFdRGZojJ.1 Zoom Link] * '''🔗 Session''': [[meta:Event:Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities|Feminism and Folklore International Campaign: Finding and Curating the Missing Gaps on Gender Disparities]] * '''🆔 Meeting ID''': 860 8747 3266 * '''🔑 Passcode''': FNF@2025 == Participation == Whether you’re a seasoned editor or new to Wikipedia, this is your chance to contribute to a more inclusive historical record. ''Bring your curiosity and passion—we’ll provide the tools and guidance!'' '''Let’s make history ''her'' story too.''' See you there! Best regards,<br> '''Joris Quarshie'''<br> [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]] <div style="margin-top:1em; text-align:center;"> Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|msg]]) 07:15, 24 March 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=27662256 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive. Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of "immense artistic value" by Le Monde. It has also been described as the "Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema" by The Guardian. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 mas 2025 à 01:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28392163 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 mas 2025 à 01:59 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28433698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 31 mas 2025 à 03:52 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 7 avril 2025 à 01:54 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 avril 2025 à 02:27 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 avril 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28559524 --> == Invitation: Gendering the Archive - Building Inclusive Folklore Repositories (April 30th) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}} Dear {{PAGENAME}}, You are invited to a hands-on session focused on [[meta:Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation|Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation]]. This online workshop will guide participants on how to create, edit, and expand gender-inclusive folklore articles and multimedia archives on Wikipedia and Wikidata. The session will be led by Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu. === Objectives === * '''Design Inclusive Repositories:''' Learn best practices for structuring folklore archives that foreground gender perspectives. * '''Hands-On Editing:''' Practice creating and improving articles and items on Wikipedia and Wikidata with a gender-inclusive lens. * '''Collaborative Mapping:''' Work in small groups to plan new entries and multimedia uploads that document underrepresented voices. * '''Advocacy & Outreach:''' Discuss strategies to promote and sustain these repositories within your local and online communities. === Details === * '''Date:''' 30th April 2025 * '''Day:''' Wednesday * '''Time:''' 16:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone]) * '''Venue:''' Online (Zoom) * '''Speaker:''' Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu (Co-founder, Wikimedia Rwanda & Community Engagement Director) === How to Join === * '''Zoom Link:''' [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89158738825?pwd=ezEgXbAqwq9KEr499DvJxSzZyXSVQX Join here] * '''Meeting ID:''' 891 5873 8825 * '''Passcode:''' FNF@2025 * '''Add to Calendar:''' [https://zoom.us/meeting/tZ0scuGvrTMiGNH4I3T7EEQmhuFJkuCHL7Ci/ics?meetingMasterEventId=Xv247OBKRMWeJJ9LSbX2hA Add to your calendar] '''' === Agenda === # Welcome & Introductions: Opening remarks and participant roll-call. # Presentation: Overview of gender-inclusive principles and examples of folklore archives. # Hands-On Workshop: Step-by-step editing on Wikipedia and Wikidata—create or expand entries. # Group Brainstorm: Plan future repository items in breakout groups. # Q&A & Discussion: Share challenges, solutions, and next steps. # Closing Remarks: Summarise key takeaways and outline follow-up actions. We look forward to seeing you there! Best regards,<br> Stella<br> Feminism and Folklore Organiser -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 10:28, 24 April 2025 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=28399508 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 avril 2025 à 00:57 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 me 2025 à 07:29 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 me 2025 à 02:28 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28709947 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 me 2025 à 02:33 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28731710 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Tread plate]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato. We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 me 2025 à 06:04 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28751788 --> == Kanada == Bonjou, Nan paj [[Kanada]], mwen te wè ou te modifye infobox la avèk youn Wikipedya fransè. Tradiksyon an infobox sa a pa komplete, ou vle tradui li oubyen mwen ka fè sa mwen mèm ? (Petèt fen semèn sa a) [[Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|HalikhSovar78]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:HalikhSovar78|diskisyon]]) 1 jen 2025 à 16:15 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 jen 2025 à 05:39 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 jen 2025 à 02:33 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Future self]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 jen 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == You're invited: Feminism and Folklore Advocacy Session – June 20! == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> Hello {{PAGENAME}} [[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg | right | frameless]] We are pleased to invite you to an inspiring session in the Feminism and Folklore International Campaign Advocacy Series titled: 🎙️ Documenting Indigenous Women’s Wisdom: The Role of Grandmothers and Elders<br> 🗓 Friday, June 20, 2025<br> ⏰ 4:00 PM UTC<br> 🌍 Online – [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/86470824823?pwd=s7ruwuxrradtJNcZLVT9EyClb8g7ho.1 Zoom link]<br> 👤 Facilitator: Obiageli Ezeilo (Wiki for Senior Citizens Network)<br> Join us as we explore how the oral teachings of grandmothers and elders preserve cultural heritage and influence today’s feminist movements. Learn how to document these narratives using Wikimedia platforms! 🔗 Event Page & Details: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Event:Documenting_Indigenous_Women%E2%80%99s_Wisdom:_The_Role_of_Grandmothers_and_Elders This session includes:<br> ✔️ A keynote presentation<br> ✔️ Story-sharing interactive segment<br> ✔️ Q&A + tools for documenting women’s wisdom on Wikimedia<br> We hope to see you there! Warm regards,<br> Stella<br> On behalf of Feminism and Folklore Team<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 23:49, 17 June 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF1&oldid=28399508 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 jen 2025 à 01:18 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 jen 2025 à 02:05 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 7 jiyè 2025 à 02:10 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> ---[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 jiyè 2025 à 13:44 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28945528 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 jiyè 2025 à 01:28 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28984647 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 jiyè 2025 à 01:40 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29047614 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 out 2025 à 01:21 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29077280 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 out 2025 à 02:20 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29085671 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 out 2025 à 02:43 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 out 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 1 septanm 2025 à 02:40 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ja:トンスル]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee. Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 8 septanm 2025 à 02:28 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the "Kapsan faction". This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 15 septanm 2025 à 02:18 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29249252 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 septanm 2025 à 02:45 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29311347 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori. Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 septanm 2025 à 00:58 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 oktòb 2025 à 12:48 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 oktòb 2025 à 01:06 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' "Final Solution" to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 oktòb 2025 à 02:04 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29452019 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 oktòb 2025 à 02:51 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29487357 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 novanm 2025 à 01:52 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29558323 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity. For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 novanm 2025 à 01:54 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29584005 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 novanm 2025 à 02:24 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement. There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 novanm 2025 à 02:13 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> Bonjou Kitanago Mwen ekri w jis pou w sa banm yon ti limyè Pou kisa apre konkou wiki kreyolo yo, pa g on kote Ki montre ganyan yo ak prim ke yo resevwa an? == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The term "'''halachic state'''" (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 1 desanm 2025 à 08:01 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 8 desanm 2025 à 02:29 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"><em>{{int:please-translate}}</em></div> Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Hope you’re doing well. I’m reaching out with some exciting updates about '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''. Thanks to the amazing support from organizers like you, the campaign has grown into one of the biggest and most collaborative initiatives in the entire Wikimedia movement. Your efforts have played a huge part in that, and we’re truly grateful. We’re hoping to make the 2026 edition even larger and even more community-driven. We’d be very happy to have you join again as an organizer. The sign-up process is simple this year: #Create your local event page (you can copy from the [[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore/Sample|sample]]) #Set up your Fountain or [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/campwiz/ CampWiz] campaign. #Add your campaign link to the 2026 '''[[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2026/Project_Page|registration list]]''' The focus of the campaign remains the same - creating or expanding Wikipedia content on feminism, women’s issues, gender topics, and diverse folk traditions from around the world. International and local prizes will continue as before. '''Special Prize for 2026:''' Every participant will receive a Wikipedia 25 digital postcard as a token of appreciation for contributing to the global movement during Wikipedia’s 25th anniversary year. This will be sent to all contributors who take part in the campaign. We’re also adding an optional one-time internet and childcare support for organizers who may need extra assistance to carry out their local campaign. This is entirely optional and meant to help those who might otherwise face challenges in organizing. More details will be shared soon. If you’re unable to organize this year, no worries at all - please feel free to share the invitation with others in your community who might be interested. If you have any questions or would like to discuss plans, you can reach us on the [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026|talk page]] or by email. Looking forward to collaborating again, '''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 desanm 2025 à 18:18 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf25&oldid=29792058 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 15 desanm 2025 à 01:56 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29779168 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 desanm 2025 à 02:26 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Atik == Men mwen pral montre w atik sa a: <nowiki>https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic</nowiki> Sa a se yon mizisyen franse ki pa byen koni, li pa gen notoryete pou l gen yon atik sou Wikipedya. Li kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li. Atik sa a li menm te kreye l epi li gen anpil enfòmasyon trivial sou li, sa ki fè l fè pwomosyon pou tèt li isit la. Pèsonn pa konnen enfòmasyon sa yo sou li eksepte tèt li. Li se yon sockpuppet ki te deja pini anvan e menm yo te bloke kont li, men li kreye plizyè kont kòmsi li te yon sockpuppet pou l evite pinisyon. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2025-42618-52|&#126;2025-42618-52]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2025-42618-52|discussion]]) 23 desanm 2025 à 13:23 (UTC) :The user of the request above is using one of Amy Ivy's temporary accounts. This user is blocked on most other versions of Wikipedia for vandalism and spam, and they're doing it again; it's all they do all day. They enjoy destroying articles with small accounts and a large number of temporary ones. Look at Amy Ivy's main account to see for yourself. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2025-42722-69|&#126;2025-42722-69]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2025-42722-69|discussion]]) 24 desanm 2025 à 14:14 (UTC) ::Hello @[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]], this article has now been improved and sources have been added. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2025-43035-10|&#126;2025-43035-10]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2025-43035-10|discussion]]) 26 desanm 2025 à 03:55 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 desanm 2025 à 02:20 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 janvye 2026 à 03:00 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29871911 --> == Atik == Gade atik nèg sa a; li pa satisfè kondisyon notoryete yo. Mizisyen sa a pa popilè, men l ap eseye ak tout pri pou l jwenn yon atik Wikipedya. Li deja kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li isit la. Se yon moun sòt; li ekri atik yo sou tèt li. Donk m ap mande w, kijan yon nèg konsa moun pa konnen ka gen tout enfòmasyon sa yo isit la? Menm bagay pèsonèl li yo nan atik sa a; li menm li ekri l, pa vre? San mansyone nouvèl sa yo, ki te piblikasyon peye oswa ki te ekri sou lòd li pou fè pwomosyon pou tèt li. Se yon moun ki anvi atansyon ak validasyon, men Wikipedya gen kritè pa l, epi li pa satisfè yo. Analize l epi efase l. →<nowiki>[https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic]</nowiki> [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-11261-6|&#126;2026-11261-6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-11261-6|discussion]]) 6 janvye 2026 à 14:07 (UTC) :Bypassing [[metawiki:Special:CentralAuth/AmyIvy|AmyIvy]]<nowiki> user block through multiple temporary accounts + continuous spam and vandalism despite the warnings and blockages ~~~~</nowiki> [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-11577-7|&#126;2026-11577-7]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-11577-7|discussion]]) 6 janvye 2026 à 14:28 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso. Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 janvye 2026 à 01:45 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29894468 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear {{BASEPAGENAME}}, We are pleased to invite you to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and women. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support *For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. * Join the office hours on 23 January 2026 and connect with the international Team. ([[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|sign up now]]) If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp;[[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 18 janvye 2026 à 16:31 (UTC) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Tiven2240@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf25&oldid=29949330 --> == Vandalis twòp sou yon peryòd tan ki long == Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]], yon itilizatè ki bloke pou abi kont ak vandalis ap itilize plizyè kont tanporè pou kontourne bloke a epi vandalize ansiklopedi a. Yo regilyèman vize menm atik la, retire paragraf ak sous nan medya serye menm apre yo fin etabli lejitimite atik la. Li ta pi bon pou pran aksyon kont plizyè kont tanporè pwoblèmatik sa yo oswa pou pwoteje paj la. Mèsi. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-38626-5|&#126;2026-38626-5]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-38626-5|discussion]]) 18 janvye 2026 à 22:51 (UTC) :Bonjou @[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]], moun ki kache dèyè kont tanporè yo pou vandalize a frape ankò. Piske yo pa gen anyen pi bon pou yo fè ak lavi yo, ou ta dwe pran mezi pou anpeche yo kontinye deranje Wikipedya. [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-51934-9|&#126;2026-51934-9]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-51934-9|discussion]]) 24 janvye 2026 à 11:30 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze. Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 janvye 2026 à 02:14 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese. Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome. Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 janvye 2026 à 02:05 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 fevriye 2026 à 02:32 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!--Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240--> == Atik == Gade atik nèg sa a; li pa satisfè kondisyon notoryete yo. Mizisyen sa a pa popilè, men l ap eseye ak tout pri pou l jwenn yon atik Wikipedya. Li deja kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li isit la. Se yon moun sòt; li ekri atik yo sou tèt li. Donk m ap mande w, kijan yon nèg konsa moun pa konnen ka gen tout enfòmasyon sa yo isit la? Menm bagay pèsonèl li yo nan atik sa a; li menm li ekri l, pa vre? San mansyone nouvèl sa yo, ki te piblikasyon peye oswa ki te ekri sou lòd li pou fè pwomosyon pou tèt li. Se yon moun ki anvi atansyon ak validasyon, men Wikipedya gen kritè pa l, epi li pa satisfè yo. Analize l epi efase l. →<nowiki>https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic</nowiki> [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-72028-6|&#126;2026-72028-6]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-72028-6|discussion]]) 2 fevriye 2026 à 13:44 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 fevriye 2026 à 03:59 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 fevriye 2026 à 13:45 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 fevriye 2026 à 11:43 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Atik == Gade atik nèg sa a; li pa satisfè kondisyon notoryete yo. Mizisyen sa a pa popilè, men l ap eseye ak tout pri pou l jwenn yon atik Wikipedya. Li deja kreye plizyè kont pou l pale de tèt li isit la. Se yon moun sòt; li ekri atik yo sou tèt li. Donk m ap mande w, kijan yon nèg konsa moun pa konnen ka gen tout enfòmasyon sa yo isit la? Menm bagay pèsonèl li yo nan atik sa a; li menm li ekri l, pa vre? San mansyone nouvèl sa yo, ki te piblikasyon peye oswa ki te ekri sou lòd li pou fè pwomosyon pou tèt li. Se yon moun ki anvi atansyon ak validasyon, men Wikipedya gen kritè pa l, epi li pa satisfè yo. Analize l epi efase l. →<nowiki>https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZephyrMusic</nowiki> [[Espesyal:Kontribisyon/&#126;2026-12378-61|&#126;2026-12378-61]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:&#126;2026-12378-61|discussion]]) 25 fevriye 2026 à 18:44 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would "not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland". It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 2 mas 2026 à 02:43 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 9 mas 2026 à 07:31 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 16 mas 2026 à 02:43 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 23 mas 2026 à 02:07 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 30 mas 2026 à 02:37 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 avril 2026 à 12:27 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 avril 2026 à 02:56 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 avril 2026 à 02:34 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30430366 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 avril 2026 à 02:04 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30449041 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 28 avril 2026 à 18:33 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message envoyé par User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471754 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 4 me 2026 à 12:16 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30464799 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 11 me 2026 à 02:53 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30513945 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 me 2026 à 04:05 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as "The Forbidden Fruit"). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a "scientific fraud". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 25 me 2026 à 02:32 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Umuganda"Rwandan community work".jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine. The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 1 jen 2026 à 01:55 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:kr:주령구]])&#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata. L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 8 jen 2026 à 01:20 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30622359 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 15 jen 2026 à 02:24 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30662919 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 22 jen 2026 à 01:52 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Facial age estimation]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Facial age estimation''' is the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the age of a person based on their facial features. Computer vision techniques are used to analyse the facial features in the images of millions of people whose age is known and then deep learning is used to create an algorithm that tries to predict the age of an unknown person. The key use of the technology is to prevent access to age-restricted goods and services. Examples include restricting children from accessing internet pornography, checking that they meet a mandatory minimum age when registering for an account on social media, or preventing adults from accessing websites, online chat or games designed only for use by children. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div>--[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 29 jen 2026 à 00:44 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Paulo César Vinha State Park]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Capim dourado.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Paulo César Vinha State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha) is a state park in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It protects an area of dunes, lagoons and marshes along the Atlantic shore. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 6 jiyè 2026 à 01:35 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Caledonian MacBrayne]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cal-Mac HQ2005.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Caledonian MacBrayne''', in short form CalMac, is the trade name of CalMac Ferries Ltd, the major operator of passenger and vehicle ferries to the west coast of Scotland, serving ports on the mainland and 22 of the major islands. It is a subsidiary of holding company David MacBrayne, which is owned by the Scottish Government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 13 jiyè 2026 à 01:20 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immigration to Switzerland]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In 2023, resident foreigners made up 26.3% of Switzerland's population. Most of these (83%) were from European countries. Italy provided the largest single group of foreigners, accounting for 14.7% of total foreign population, followed closely by Germany (14.0%), Portugal (11.7%), France (6.6%), Kosovo (5.1%), Spain (3.9%), Turkey (3.1%), North Macedonia (3.1%), Serbia (2.8%), Austria (2.0%), United Kingdom (1.9%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1.3%) and Croatia (1.3%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka (1.3%), most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group of Asian origin (7.9%). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 20 jiyè 2026 à 02:18 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30717601 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Study of Man's Impact on Climate]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> La '''Study of Man's Impact on Climate''' (traduisible en français par « Étude de l'impact de l'homme sur le climat ») est une conférence scientifique internationale consacrée à l'influence humaine sur le climat qui s'est tenue à Stockholm, en Suède, du 28 juin au 16 juillet 1971. Elle aborde diverses hypothèses parmi lesquelles la destruction de la couche d'ozone et le réchauffement (ou refroidissement) climatique, établit l'état du savoir à leur sujet et, soulignant les nombreuses inconnues qui demeurent, appelle à consacrer davantage de fonds à la recherche scientifique sur le climat. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 27 jiyè 2026 à 02:00 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30849684 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Plot of Prats de Molló]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ca:Fets de Prats de Molló]])&#32;([[:es:Complot de Prats de Molló]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''plot of Prats de Molló''' was an attempted military invasion of Catalonia carried out from France to achieve its independence planned by Francesc Macià and the leadership of the Estat Català party, discovered and aborted in 1926. The plan consisted of the penetration of two columns (one from Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans, the other from Coll d'Ares), which were to occupy Olot and proclaim the Catalan Republic. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 3 out 2026 à 03:11 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30879613 --> == Albèta == Bonjou. Pourriez-vous renommer l'article [[Alberta]] vers [[Albèta]] ? Mèsi. [[Itilizatè:Yue|Yue]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Yue|diskisyon]]) 4 out 2026 à 20:58 (UTC) :D'accord. Merci ! [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 8 out 2026 à 14:09 (UTC) ::Mèsi anpil, zanmi mwen! [[Itilizatè:Yue|Yue]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Yue|diskisyon]]) 8 out 2026 à 20:53 (UTC) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Composizione VII]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Composition VII - Wassily Kandinsky, GAC.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Composizione VII''' (Композиция VII o Zu Komposition 7) è un olio su tela del 1913, realizzato dal pittore russo Vasilij Vasil'evič Kandinskij e conservato nella Galleria Tret'jakov di Mosca. Prodotto centrale del pittore russo nel periodo 1910-1915, essa è considerata l'opera che certificò la raggiunta maturità creativa da parte di Kandinskij, rappresentando anche l'apice della sua energia creativa. È considerato il più rappresentativo tra i lavori completati durante l'anno del successo internazionale dell'artista, simboleggiando il punto di emancipazione definitivo dell'Astrattismo. Opera più grande mai realizzata dall'artista per dimensione, facente parte della serie denominata Composizioni, rappresenta un'allegoria dell'Apocalisse, di cui riprende il tema e lo propone in una versione astratta, trasfigurata dalla realtà in una forma composta da sole linee e colori. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 10 out 2026 à 02:24 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30889664 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Divorce in Poland]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Divorce in Poland''' occurs at a rate slightly below that of the average for Europe. In the Polish legal system, divorce proceedings fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the civil court; there is no legal basis for resolving a marriage through the agreement of the spouses or through administrative procedures. Divorce requests are assessed by the court, in accordance with the positive and negative prerequisites set in the relevant law. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 17 out 2026 à 01:59 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30927700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:mk:Ден на македонската револуционерна борба]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle''' (Macedonian: Ден на македонската револуционерна борба),[1] also known as Day of VMRO, is a national holiday which is celebrated on October 23 in North Macedonia. In 2007, the holiday was voted into law as a new national holiday. It is a non-working day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 24 out 2026 à 02:15 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30927700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wimmen's Comix]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Wimmen's Comix''''', later retitled (respelled) as Wimmin's Comix, is an influential all-female underground comics anthology published from 1972 to 1992. Though it covered a wide range of genres and subject matters, Wimmen's Comix focused more than other anthologies of the time on feminist concerns, homosexuality, sex and politics in general, and autobiographical comics. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 31 out 2026 à 01:54 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30988228 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Paulet affair]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Paulet affair''', also known as British Hawaii, was the insubordinate five-month occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1843 by British naval officer Captain Lord George Paulet, of HMS Carysfort. It was ended by the arrival of American warships sent to defend Hawaii's independence. The British government in London did not authorise the move and it had no official status. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 7 septanm 2026 à 01:59 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30993988 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:No-AI label]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:No AI Sign.svg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''no-AI label''' is a label used on a product to signify that it was not made using generative AI. Phrases on the labels include but are not limited to "human-made", "proudly human" and "AI-free". Some organisations that provide the labels allow product creators to download and use their no-AI labels for free, while others charge creators for analysing the content and allowing the use of the labels if the organisation believes that no AI was used. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 14 septanm 2026 à 02:43 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31028050 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Scotty (dinosaur)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Scotty Tyrannosaurus.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Scotty''' is the nickname for the Tyrannosaurus rex fossil, catalogued as RSM P2523.8, that was discovered in Saskatchewan, Canada in 1991.[3] The fossilised remains were painstakingly removed, almost completely by hand, over two decades from the rock in which they were embedded. When the preparation was complete in 2011, an around 65% complete T. rex skeleton was revealed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 21 septanm 2026 à 02:02 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31045260 --> == Notice of expiration of your sysop right == <div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "sysop" (Administrateurs) will expire on 2026-10-04 18:06:04. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[Itilizatè:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Leaderbot|diskisyon]]) 27 septanm 2026 à 19:42 (UTC)</div> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Descartes Highlands]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Apollo 16 landingsite.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Descartes Highlands''' is an area of lunar highlands located on the near side that served as the landing site of the American Apollo 16 mission in early 1972. The Descartes Highlands is located in the area surrounding Descartes crater, after which the feature received its name <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 28 septanm 2026 à 02:27 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31087748 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Battaglia del pastificio]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Battle of Checkpoint Pasta]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:OTO Melara Somalia 1993.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> La '''battaglia del pastificio''', talvolta chiamata anche battaglia del checkpoint Pasta, fu uno scontro a fuoco verificatosi a Mogadiscio tra le truppe italiane e le milizie Mooryaan somale del generale Aidid ed è ricordata per essere stata la prima battaglia che vide impiegati i militari dell'Esercito Italiano dalla fine della seconda guerra mondiale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 5 oktòb 2026 à 12:39 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31108366 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lineup.5.JPG|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft''' is a transport museum which specialises in the preservation of trolleybuses. It is located by the village of Sandtoft, near Belton on the Isle of Axholme in the English county of Lincolnshire. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 12 oktòb 2026 à 02:09 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jalapeño popper]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cooking-food-stuffed-jalapenos-peppers.jpg|300px|center|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jalapeño poppers''', or jalapeño bites, are jalapeño peppers that have been hollowed out, stuffed with a mixture of cheese, spices, and sometimes ground meat, and breaded and deep-fried or wrapped with bacon and baked. They are a common dish on appetizer menus in chain restaurants in the United States. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 19 oktòb 2026 à 07:15 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:National Day of Bhutan]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''National Day of Bhutan''' (Dzongkha: རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་; Wylie: rgyal yongs dus chen) known as Gyalyong Düchen is a major national event celebrated annually on 17 December in the Kingdom of Bhutan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:MediaWiki message delivery|diskisyon]]) 26 oktòb 2026 à 02:05 (UTC) (Ce message a été envoyé à [[:Itilizatè:Kitanago]] et est publié ici en raison d’une redirection.) <!-- Message envoyé par User:Shizhao@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=31131525 --> Nan non Allah, Tout-Bon an, Tout-Miserikòdyè a. Soti nan Muhammad, sèvitè ak mesaje Allah, pou rive jwenn Heraclius, gran chèf Women yo: Lapè sou moun ki swiv chemen gidans lan. Pou kontinye: M ap envite w antre nan Islam. Aksepte Islam, w ap an sekirite; Allah ap ba ou yon rekonpans doub. Si w vire do, peche sijè w yo—*Arīsiyyīn* yo—ap tonbe sou ou tou. “Di: ‘O, Nou menm Moun Liv la! Vini jwenn yon tèren ant nou menm ak nou: pou nou pa adore pèsonn lòt ke Allah, pou nou pa asosye pèsonn avèk Li, e pou youn nan nou pa pran lòt moun kòm mèt apa de Allah.’” Si yo vire do, lè sa a di: “Temwanye ke nou se Mizilman.” (Āl ‘Imrān 3:64) s6ttemm12ct021l0siijrwyqyjaa90j 2 73529 889572 889067 2026-10-29T17:32:58Z Emmanuel katrisyon 40856 /* */ 889572 wikitext text/x-wiki <templateStyles src="Common/Style.css"/>Mwen se yon fis de put ki renmen kraze brize.Mwen se yon fis de put ki renmen kraze brize.Mwen se yon fis de put ki renmen kraze brize.Mwen se yon fis de put ki renmen kraze brize. Nan non Allah, Tout-Bon an, Tout-Miserikòdyè a. Soti nan Muhammad, sèvitè ak mesaje Allah, pou rive jwenn Heraclius, gran chèf Women yo: Lapè sou moun ki swiv chemen gidans lan. Pou kontinye: M ap envite w antre nan Islam. Aksepte Islam, w ap an sekirite; Allah ap ba ou yon rekonpans doub. Si w vire do, peche sijè w yo—*Arīsiyyīn* yo—ap tonbe sou ou tou. “Di: ‘O, Nou menm Moun Liv la! Vini jwenn yon tèren ant nou menm ak nou: pou nou pa adore pèsonn lòt ke Allah, pou nou pa asosye pèsonn avèk Li, e pou youn nan nou pa pran lòt moun kòm mèt apa de Allah.’” Si yo vire do, lè sa a di: “Temwanye ke nou se Mizilman.” (Āl ‘Imrān 3:64){{Kite yon mesaj|Kitanago}} oe5repiwrzid4fb3xpfjuzkrpu9u7ej 889575 889572 2026-10-29T17:48:33Z Emmanuel katrisyon 40856 /* */ 889575 wikitext text/x-wiki “Epi poutèt deklarasyon yo a: ‘Nou te touye Mesi a, Jezi, pitit gason Mari a, mesaje Allah a.’ Epoutan, yo pa t touye l, ni yo pa t kloure l sou kwa; okontrè, se te parèt tankou se sa k te pase nan je pa yo. Moun ki pa dakò sou zafè sa a gen dout sou li; yo pa gen okenn konesans reyèl, yo jis ap swiv sipozisyon. Se sèten, yo pa t touye l.” “Okontrè, Allah te leve l al jwenn Li. Epi Allah se Sila a ki gen tout pouvwa, Sila a ki gen tout sajès.” (An-Nisa 4:157-158) Nan non Allah, Tout-Bon an, Tout-Miserikòdyè a. Soti nan Muhammad, sèvitè ak mesaje Allah, pou rive jwenn Heraclius, gran chèf Women yo: Lapè sou moun ki swiv chemen gidans lan. Pou kontinye: M ap envite w antre nan Islam. Aksepte Islam, w ap an sekirite; Allah ap ba ou yon rekonpans doub. Si w vire do, peche sijè w yo—*Arīsiyyīn* yo—ap tonbe sou ou tou. “Di: ‘O, Nou menm Moun Liv la! Vini jwenn yon tèren ant nou menm ak nou: pou nou pa adore pèsonn lòt ke Allah, pou nou pa asosye pèsonn avèk Li, e pou youn nan nou pa pran lòt moun kòm mèt apa de Allah.’” Si yo vire do, lè sa a di: “Temwanye ke nou se Mizilman.” (Āl ‘Imrān 3:64) Al-Ma'idah 75 “Mesi a, Jezi, pitit gason Mari a, se yon mesaje sèlman; te gen lòt mesaje anvan li. Manman l te yon fanm ki te toujou di laverite. Tou de te konn manje manje.”{{Kite yon mesaj|Kitanago}} aqienf802947llwxfw1ksl4bheh1dxg 889576 889575 2026-10-29T17:51:20Z Emmanuel katrisyon 40856 /* */ 889576 wikitext text/x-wiki O, nou menm moun ki te resevwa Liv la! Pa egzajere nan relijyon nou an, epi pa di anyen sou Allah lòt pase verite a. Mesi a, Jezi, pitit gason Mari a, se sèlman yon mesaje Allah; li se Pawòl Li te voye bay Mari, epi yon lespri ki soti nan Li. Kidonk, kwè nan Allah ak nan mesaje Li yo, epi pa di: "Gen yon trinite." Sispann fè sa; sa pi bon pou nou. Allah se yon sèl Dye. Li byen lwen anwo tout sa ki ta ka vle di Li gen yon pitit. Se pou Li tout sa ki nan syèl la ak sou tè a. Epi Allah sifi kòm Pwotektè ak Responsab tout zafè. (Nisa-171 “Epi poutèt deklarasyon yo a: ‘Nou te touye Mesi a, Jezi, pitit gason Mari a, mesaje Allah a.’ Epoutan, yo pa t touye l, ni yo pa t kloure l sou kwa; okontrè, se te parèt tankou se sa k te pase nan je pa yo. Moun ki pa dakò sou zafè sa a gen dout sou li; yo pa gen okenn konesans reyèl, yo jis ap swiv sipozisyon. Se sèten, yo pa t touye l.” “Okontrè, Allah te leve l al jwenn Li. Epi Allah se Sila a ki gen tout pouvwa, Sila a ki gen tout sajès.” (An-Nisa 4:157-158) Nan non Allah, Tout-Bon an, Tout-Miserikòdyè a. Soti nan Muhammad, sèvitè ak mesaje Allah, pou rive jwenn Heraclius, gran chèf Women yo: Lapè sou moun ki swiv chemen gidans lan. Pou kontinye: M ap envite w antre nan Islam. Aksepte Islam, w ap an sekirite; Allah ap ba ou yon rekonpans doub. Si w vire do, peche sijè w yo—*Arīsiyyīn* yo—ap tonbe sou ou tou. “Di: ‘O, Nou menm Moun Liv la! Vini jwenn yon tèren ant nou menm ak nou: pou nou pa adore pèsonn lòt ke Allah, pou nou pa asosye pèsonn avèk Li, e pou youn nan nou pa pran lòt moun kòm mèt apa de Allah.’” Si yo vire do, lè sa a di: “Temwanye ke nou se Mizilman.” (Āl ‘Imrān 3:64) Al-Ma'idah 75 “Mesi a, Jezi, pitit gason Mari a, se yon mesaje sèlman; te gen lòt mesaje anvan li. Manman l te yon fanm ki te toujou di laverite. Tou de te konn manje manje.”{{Kite yon mesaj|Kitanago}} luled43if1z5inhhinkubf5c6hcpw6w 0 79565 889620 869216 2026-10-30T08:13:39Z Fuchsia the Sun 40868 Espas 889620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Luis Abinader |foto=President Luis Abinader at the National Palace of the Dominican Republic in Santo Domingo on April 25, 2024 (cropped).jpg |tèks=Luis Abinader (2025) |fonksyon=politisyen |domèn=politik |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[12 jiyè]] [[1967]] |lye nesans=[[Santo Domingo]] |peyi nesans=[[Repiblik Dominikèn]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=dominiken |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Luis Rodolfo Abinader Corona''', ki fèt [[12 jiyè]] [[1967]] nan [[Santo Domingo]] ([[Repiblik Dominikèn]]), se yon politisyen [[Dominikani|dominiken]]. Manm Pati Revolisyonè Dominikèn nan epi, nan Pati Revolisyonè modèn lan, li Prezidan Repiblik la depi 16 out 2020. == Biyografi == Li se pitit José Rafael Abinader Wasaf (1929-2018), politisyen ki gen [[Liban|orijin libanèz]], ak Rosa Sula Corona Caba. <ref>{{Es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20090120022445/http://genealogy.com/users/n/u/n/Milciades-H-Nunez/FILE/0001page.html Descendance de Raymundo Núñez], genealogy.com</ref> Pwopriyetè biznis fanmi an, Abicor, li gen tou plizyè otèl, yon inivèsite ak youn nan prensipal faktori siman nan peyi a.<ref name=":0">{{fr}} {{Cite journal|last=|year=2020|title=L’opposant Luis Abinader, vainqueur de la présidentielle en République dominicaine|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2020/07/06/l-opposant-luis-abinader-vainqueur-de-la-presidentielle-en-republique-dominicaine_6045402_3210.html|journal=Le Monde}}</ref> == Karyè politik == Li te kandida pou vis-prezidans lan nan eleksyon prezidansyèl an 2012, ansanm ak ansyen prezidan Hipólito Mejía Domínguez . Li te kouri san siksè nan eleksyon prezidansyèl 2016 epi li te genyen nan premye tou an eleksyon an 2020.<ref name=":0"/> Vis-prezidant li se Raquel Peña.<ref>{{es}} {{Cite web|url=https://acento.com.do/politica/raquel-pena-de-antuna-academica-y-miembro-de-varios-organos-empresariales-8792249.html|title=Raquel Peña de Antuña, académica y miembro de varios órganos empresariales|website=acento.com.do|access-date=2 oktòb 2020}}</ref> Li te yon ''lidè emèjan'' nan lekòl la Harvard Kennedy depi 2012 nan pwomosyon an menm jan ak Eva Maydell, depite ewopeyèn ak Prezidan Mouvman entènasyonal Ewopeyen an oswa Joël Rault, anbasadè nan Repiblik la nan [[Moris]]. == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == {{DEFAULTSORT:Abinader, Luis}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Politik]] [[Kategori:Politisyen]] [[Kategori:Politisyen dominiken]] [[Kategori:Prezidan dominiken]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1967]] jyq1b0x5eka2yfwlh6sjprfdi29e947 0 79906 889619 878431 2026-10-30T05:45:19Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 889619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{moun |non=Souleymane Cissokho |foto=Souleymane_Cissokho_Rio2016.jpg |tèks=Souleymane Cissokho |fonksyon=boksè |domèn=espò, boks |diplòm= |etid= |dat nesans=[[4 jiyè]] [[1991]] |lye nesans=[[Daka (Senegal)|Daka]] |peyi nesans=[[Senegal]] |dat lanmò= |lye lanmò= |peyi lanmò= |nasyonalite=franse |relijyon= |rezidans= |kontak= |Biyografi= |zèv= |omaj= |rekonpans= |remak= |fim= }} '''Souleymane Cissokho''', ki fèt [[4 jiyè]] nan lane [[1991]] nan [[Daka (Senegal)|Daka]] ([[Senegal]]), se yon boksè [[Frans|fransè]].<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://espritbleu.franceolympique.com/espritbleu/athletes/6/cissokho-132536.php|title=Souleymane Cissokho|website=espritbleu.franceolympique.com|access-date=25 jen 2016|archive-date=2021-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910211442/https://espritbleu.franceolympique.com/espritbleu/athletes/6/cissokho-132536.php|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Karyè espòtif == === Boksè amatè === [[Fichye:Souleymane_Cissokho_contre_Romain_Garofalo,_9_février_2019_à_Paris.jpg|left|thumb| Souleymane Cissokho kont Romain Garofalo sou 9 fevriye 2019.]] Li te ganyen "Jeux Francophonie 2009" nan [[Bewout]] nan kategori leje. Kapitèn nan ekip franse boksè amatè rele ''Ekip Solid'' nan Je olenpik yo pandan ete lane 2016, li te ganyen meday an bwonz nan kategori a welter<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Boxe/Actualites/Pas-de-finale-pour-souleymane-cissokho-69kg-medaille-de-bronze/717458|title=Pas de finale pour Souleymane Cissokho (-69kg), médaillé de bronze|website=lequipe.fr|access-date=16 out 2016}}</ref> === Boksè pwofesyonèl === Souleymane te jwe premye konba pwofesyonèl li kont Ongwa Renato Goman yon 22 janvye nan lane 2017, yon konba li te ganyen nan premye tou an.<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://www.gqmagazine.fr/lifestyle/sport/articles/ko-en-moins-de-2-minutes-pour-souleymane-cissokho/49719|title=K.O. en moins de 2 minutes pour Souleymane Cissokho|date=22 janvye 2017|website=gqmagazine.fr|access-date=3 jen 2017}}</ref> Ane annapre a, li bat ansyen chanyon nan mond IBF super-welterweight Carlos Molina sou pwen inaniman pa jij yo <ref>{{en}} [https://boxrec.com/en/event/769435/2255580 Souleymane Cissokho vs. Carlos Molina] (boxrec.com)</ref> ak sou 9 fevriye 2019, li vin chanpyon franse nan kategori a nan Palais des espò yo nan Paris pa bat Romain Garofalo pa arè nan abit la nan twazyèm tou an<ref>{{fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20190217030259/https://m.lequipe.fr/Boxe/Actualites/Souleymane-cissokho-s-empare-de-la-ceinture-de-champion-de-france-des-super-welters/987245 Souleymane Cissokho s'empare de la ceinture de champion de France des super-welters] ''L’Équipe'', 9 fevriye 2019</ref> Sou 8 me 2021, li te ganyen senti ''WBA entè-kontinantal'' nan kategori a super-welter, bat Britanik Kieron Conway pa desizyon pataje. == Rekonpans == * Chevalye nan Lòd Nasyonal la nan merit 1 desanm 2016 * Pri Olivier Schwarz rekonpanse espòtif franse ki pi senpatik nan RMC Sport Awards 2016<ref>{{fr}} {{Cite web|url=http://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/divers/yoka-mossely-deschamps-le-fur-mayer-le-palmares-complet-des-rmc-sport-awards-1068995.html|title=Yoka, Mossely, Deschamps, Le Fur, Mayer… : le palmarès complet des RMC Sport Awards|date=9 desanm 2016|website=rmcsport.bfmtv.com|access-date=11 desanm 2016|archive-date=2016-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210115915/http://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/divers/yoka-mossely-deschamps-le-fur-mayer-le-palmares-complet-des-rmc-sport-awards-1068995.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> * Pri Bernard Destremau soti nan Akademi an nan Syans moral ak politik, bay sou 13 novanm 2017 == Palmarès pwofesyonèl == Lis konba pwofesyonèl Souleymane Cissoko {| class="wikitable" |+ Tablo rezime |- ! 13 konba !! '''13 viktwa''' !! '''0 defèt''' |- | '''Avan limit''' || 8 || 0 |- | '''Sou desizyon''' || 5 || 0 |} <!-- kòmansman komantè {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise début}} {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise entrée|victoire|13-0|UK|Kieron Conway|{{abbr|SD|Split decision}}|10 (10)|08|05|2021|USA|[[AT&T Stadium]], [[Arlington, Texas]],Etats-Unis|Remporte la ceinture WBA inter continentale des poids super-welters}} {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise entrée|victoire|12-0|MEX|Daniel Echevarria|TKO|6 (8)|13|03|2021|USA|Dallas|<ref>{{Lien web|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Boxe/Actualites/Combat-de-souleymane-cissokho-le-13-mars-a-dallas/1228148|titre=Combat de Souleymane Cissokho le 13 mars à Dallas|site=[[L'Équipe]]|date=1{{er}} mars 2021|consulté le=1{{er}} mars 2021}}.</ref>}} {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise entrée|victoire|11-0|RUS|Dmitry Mikhaylenko|UD|10 (10)|28|09|2019|FRA|Nantes|}} {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise entrée|victoire|10-0|ARG|Jose Carlos Paz|KO|5 (10)|13|07|2019|FRA|Antibes|}} {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise entrée|victoire|9-0|MEX|Valdimir Hernandez|UD|10 (10)|01|06|2019|USA|New York|}} {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise entrée|victoire|8-0|FRA|Romain Garofalo|TKO|3 (10)|16|02|2019|FRA|Paris|Pour le titre de champion de France des ''super-welters''}} {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise entrée|victoire|7-0|MEX|[[Carlos Molina]]|UD|10 (10)|23|06|2018|FRA|Paris|}} {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise entrée|victoire|6-0|MEX|Jose de Jesus Macias|UD|10 (10)|07|04|2018|FRA|Paris|}} {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise entrée|victoire|5-0|MEX|Daniel Vega Cota|KO|5 (8)|10|03|2018|FRA|Boulogne-Billancourt|}} {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise entrée|victoire|4-0|ESP|Jose Manuel Lopez Clavero|TKO|7 (8)|16|12|2017|FRA|Boulogne-Billancourt|}} {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise entrée|victoire|3-0|UKR|Dmytro Semernin|KO|1 (8)|14|10|2017|FRA|Paris|}} {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise entrée|victoire|2-0|GEO|Giorgi Kerdikoshvili|TKO|3 (6)|02|06|2017|FRA|Paris|}} {{Palmarès Boxe anglaise entrée|victoire|1-0|HUN|Renato Goman|KO|1 (6)|21|01|2017|FRA|Paris|}} |} Fen komantè --> == Tit pwofesyonèl nan boks anglèz == === Tit rejyonal / entènasyonal yo === * Chanpyon franse kategori sipè-welter (2019) * Chanpyon WBA ''entè kontinantal'' sipè-welter (2021) == Bibliyografi == * {{cite news|title=Le batailleur de Stalingrad|publisher=L'Equipe|date=9 fevriye 2019|author=Aurélien Bouisset et Laurent Gudin|pages=34-35}} == Referans == {{referans}} == Lyen deyò == * [https://teamcissokho.com/ Sitwèb ofisyèl]   {{DEFAULTSORT:Cissoko, Souleymane}} [[Kategori:Moun]] [[Kategori:Espò]] [[Kategori:Boks]] [[Kategori:Boksè]] [[Kategori:Boksè franse]] [[Kategori:Nesans nan lane 1991]] rpnnom2w25q5lv0fi5j1i1n7mwj2yk8 0 86937 889586 819823 2026-10-29T23:39:51Z Mario sentik 40864 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 889586 wikitext text/x-wiki Èkondisyone ([https://bourbonclim.fr/27-climatiseur climatisation]) se teknik pou modifye, kontwole ak reglemante kondisyon klimatik ([[tanperati]], imidite, nivo [[pousyè]], elatriye) nan yon enteryè pou rezon konfò ([[otomobil]], biwo, kay endividyèl) oswa pou rezon teknik (laboratwa medikal, lokal manifakti eleman elektwonik, teyat operasyon, chanm òdinatè, elatriye). Paramèt modifye, kontwole oswa reglemante yo se: tanperati lè a, tou depann de sezon an si sa aplikab (chofaj oswa refwadisman); degre nan imidite lè a (imidifikasyon oswa dezimidifikasyon); bon jan kalite lè andedan kay la: odè, pousyè. Kèk nan teknik yo itilize yo fin vye granmoun ak lòt mwens konsa (envansyon nan frijidè a nan 19yèm syèk la, pou egzanp); sistèm modèn yo gen tandans konbine yo nan menm aparèy ki rele yon èkondisyone revèsib (refrijerasyon an ete ak chofaj nan sezon fredi). An 2018, dapre Ajans Enèji Entènasyonal la, èkondisyone elektrik ak fanatik deja konsome apeprè yon senkyèm nan elektrisite total nan bilding atravè lemond, oswa 10% nan konsomasyon elektrisite total, epi li espere yon ogmantasyon byen file pa 2050, lè nan 2018. to sa a refrijerasyon nan lokal ta ka vin sous prensipal la nan konsomasyon elektrisite. 1nkgdng07asuor626ccty4bucqob4l8 0 88360 889581 842981 2026-10-29T22:38:22Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 889581 wikitext text/x-wiki Ekspresyon '''kalmason lanmè''' se yon [[non kouran]] nan fransè ({{lang|fr|Limace de mer}}), ki ka deziyen plizyè [[espès]] [[kalmason]] [[Gastropoda|gastropod]] ki pa genyen kokiy e ki gen kèk [[Mòfoloji (byoloji)|mòfolojik]] karakteristik vagman evoke [[bales]] terès. Gen plis pase 3000 espès ki distribye atravè lanmè ak oseyan sou Latè. Yo ka viv jiska 700 mèt pwofondè epi pifò mezire mwens pase 5 santimèt, eksepte pou kèk espès tankou [[Spanish dancer (nudibranch)|Panyòl dansè]], ki ka rive nan 60 santimèt longè. Yo gen [[rinofò]] epi yo [[Emafroditism|èmafrodit]]. Men, nan absans yon patnè, yo ka repwodui pa [[partenojenèz]]. == Bèt ki ka rele "Kalmason lanmè" == Anjeneral yo bay tèm nan yon gwo pati nan [[Opisthbranch]] yo, sitou nan espès [[Benthos|bentik]]; Sepandan, sa yo se pa kouzen maren yo nan bal terrestres: yo karakterize an patikilye pa pozisyon nan branch yo dèyè kè a (mo grèk "opisthos" vle di dèyè). Gwoup sa a gen senk lòd prensipal: [[Cephalaspidea]], [[Sacoglossa]], [[Anaspidea]], [[Pleurobranchomorpha]] ak [[Nudibranchia]]<ref name="opistobranch">{{Lien web|otè=Philibert Bidgrain|url=http://vieoceane.free.fr/articles/Les%20limaces%20de%20mer_text.pdf|title=Sea slugs|year=2007|site=VieOcéane}}.</ref>. Dènye a rasanble pi gwo kantite espès yo, ak sa yo rele pi souvan "balame lanmè"<ref name="nomen">Non lang franse ki soti nan ''Diksyonè non komen (Venacular)'' sou [http://nomen.at/. Nomen.at]</ref>{{,}}<ref name="termium">Non langaj an franse dapre [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728035429/http://btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2alpha/alpha-fra.html?lang=fra&i=1&index=alt&srchtxt= Termium plus], bank done tèminoloji ak lengwistik Gouvènman Kanada</ref>, sitou pa divès ak byolojis, ak nan lang angle ("''{{lang|en|sea slug}}' '").'' Sepandan, non sa a pafwa yo te atribiye tou ak anpil lòt takso envètebre maren ki pataje lòt karakteristik ak bal: sou yon bò kèk lòt gwoup gasteropod san kokiy aparan (tankou [[Velutinidae]]) oswa trè redwi (tankou [[Umbraculida]]), men tou gwoup ki pa gen okenn relasyon byolojik tankou sèten vè (sitou [[Turbellaria|flaworms]]) oswa [[konkonm lanmè]] ("konkonm lanmè"<ref name="Robin D. Gill">Ekspresyon "sea slug" nan lòt men an refere a [[konkonm lanmè]] nan [[Japonè]], jan sa montre nan koleksyon Robin D. Gill la: ''Leve, Ye Sea Slugs!'', Paraverse Press. , 2003.</ref>). San yo pa resanblans mòfolojik, ekspresyon sa a pafwa itilize tou pou dekri bèt maren akòz viskozite epidèm yo, pa egzanp sèten [[knidar]], oswa menm pwason limon tankou sa yo ki nan fanmi [[Liparidae]]. Li ta dwe remake ke pa gen okenn "paresseux" vre ([[infraorder]] nan [[Stylommatophora]] nan lòd [[Pulmonata]]) yo konnen nan dlo maren, yo te gen tout abandone branch yo pou benefis poumon yo. An 2015, te deklare yon "Jou paresseux lanmè" ("{{lang|en|Jounen paresseux}}") pou {{date-|29 oktòb}}, ann omaj bay espesyalis Ameriken an nan bèt sa yo Terry Gosliner. Yo te chwazi tèm sa a pou jeneralman anglobe opistobranch san kokiy vizib, sitou [[Nudibranch|nudibranchs]], [[Aplysia|aplysias]] ak lòt [[Sacoglossa|sacoglossuss]]<ref name="Echinoblog">{{Lien web|lang=en|author=Christopher Mah|author link=|coauthors=|url=http://echinoblog.blogspot.fr/2015/10/october-29th-will-be-seaslug-day.html|titre=29 oktòb pral se pou #SEASLUG DAY!|seri=|jou=13|mwa=10|ane=2015|sit=Echinoblog|piblikatè=|isbn=|paj=|sitasyon=|en liy sou=|aksede sou=|id=}}.</ref> .{{clr}} == Kèk bèt yo rele "Kalmason lanmè" an Frans == <gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed"> File:Peltodoris (Discodoris) atromaculata 2 Bergh, 1880.jpg|Dalmatian Doris (''[[Peltodoris atromaculata]]''), yon nudibranch Doridiyen File:Flabellina-300x200.jpg|Flabellina (''[[Flabellina affinis]]''), yon nudibranch eyol File:Armina maculata Rafinesque, 1814 1.jpg|''[[Armina maculata]]'', yon nudibranch arminaceous File:Chelidonura fulvipunctata.JPG|''[[Chelidonura fulvipunctata]]'', yon [[Aglajidae|aglajid]] (lòd [[Cephalaspidea]]) File:Aplysia dactylomela 2.jpg|''[[Aplysia dactylomela]]'', yon [[Aplysiidae|aplysia]] (lòd [[Anaspidea]]) File:Berthella aurantiaca (Risso, 1818).jpg|''[[Berthella aurantiaca]]'', yon [[Pleurobranchidae|pleurobranch]] (lòd [[Pleurobranchomorpha]]) File:Thuridilla hopei (Vérany, 1853) sur Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, 1889.jpg|''[[Thuridilla hopei]]'', yon [[Plakobranchidae|placobranch]] (lòd [[Sacoglossa]]) File:Tylodina perversa (Gmelin, 1791) sur Aplysina aerophoba.jpg|''[[Tylodina perversa]]'', yon parapli (lòd [[Umbraculida]]). Parasols yo gen yon koki plak trè senp. File:Prostheceraeus giesbrechtii Schmarda, 1859.jpg|''[[Prostheceraeus giesbrechtii]]'', yon [[Turbellaria|planarya]] (filòm [[Plathelminthes]] oswa "flaworms": bèt sa yo pa molisk e yo ta dwe pa dwe rele "bales"). </gallery > == Gade tou == * [[Lapen lanmè]] == Lyen ekstèn == * {{Lien web |url=http://seaslugs.free.fr/nudibranche/f_intro.htm |title=Nudibranch ak planaryen nan sidwès Oseyan Endyen an |sit=SeaSlugs.free.fr |piblikatè=administre pa Philibert Bidgrain }}. * {{Lien web |lang=en |otè= |lyen otè= |coauthors= |url=http://www.seaslugforum.net/ |titre=Sea Slug Forum |seri= |jou= |mwa= |ane= |sit=seaslugforum.net |piblikatè=Doc. Bill Rudman, [[Mize Ostralyen]] |isbn= |paj= |sitasyon= |en liy= |accessed= |id= }}. * {{Lien web |url=http://doris.ffessm.fr/fiches_liste.asp?groupe_numero=32 |titre=Gastropods Opisthobranches |sit=[[Done obsèvasyon pou rekonesans ak idantifikasyon fon ak flora anba dlo|DORIS ]] |piblikatè=sit patnè [[Mize Nasyonal Istwa Natirèl|MNHN]] ki jere pa [http://biologie.ffessm.fr/ CNEBS] [[Federasyon franse etid anba dlo ak espò|FFESSM]]}}. * {{Lien web |url=http://www.souslesmers.fr/|title=Mollusques/Gastropods/Nudibranchs |site=souslesmers.fr |piblikatè=administre pa François Cornu }}. * {{Lien web |langue=en |url=http://species-identification.org/index.php?groep=Snails+and+slugs&selectie=56&hoofdgroepen_pad=%2C1%2C12%2C56 |title=Snails and slugs |sit =species-identification.org }}. * {{Lien web |language=en |otè= |lyen otè= |coauthors= |url=http://www.medslugs.de/E/mssmain.htm |title=bales lanmè nan lanmè Mediterane a ak lòt kote |seri = |jou= |mwa= |ane= |sit=medslugs.de |piblikatè= |isbn= |paj= |sitasyon= |sou entènèt sou= |aksede sou= |id= }}. * [http://www.seaslug.org.uk/nudibranchs/ Nudibranchs of the British Isles, Doc. Bernard Picton] == Referans == {{Références|colonnes=2}} [[Kategori:Kalmason]] opjtjf1fzsheus7b68341sbe7cxddg9 0 89307 889606 837847 2026-10-30T02:32:37Z Kitanago 19629 889606 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Northeastern University - air conditioner.JPG|thumb|Modil ekstèn yon èkondisyone.]] [[File:Splitklimaanlage IMGP9925.jpg|thumb|Modil èkondisyone ekstèn sou yon do kay.]] [[File:Ceiling air conditioner.JPG|thumb|Ekondisyone entegre nan plafon an.]] '''Klimatizasyon''' se teknik ki konsiste de modifye, kontwole ak reglemante kondisyon klimatik ([[tanperati]], [[imidite]], [[Pousyè|nivo pousyè]]{{etc.}}) nan yon enteryè pou rezon. nan konfò (otomobil, biwo, kay endividyèl) oswa pou rezon teknik ([[laboratwa byoloji medikal|laboratwa medikal]], lokal pou fabrike konpozan elektwonik, [[teyat operasyon|teyat operasyon ]], chanm òdinatè{{etc.}} ). Paramèt yo modifye, kontwole oswa reglemante yo se: * Tanperati lè a, selon sezon an si sa aplikab ([[chofaj]] oswa [[Bobin frèt|refwadisman]]); * degre [[hygrometry]] lè a (imidifikasyon oswa dezumidifikasyon); * [[bon jan kalite lè andedan kay la]]: odè, pousyè. Kèk nan teknik yo itilize yo ansyen ak lòt mwens (envansyon nan [[frijidè a]] nan {{s-|19}} yo pa egzanp); sistèm modèn yo gen tandans konbine yo nan menm aparèy ki rele [[er kondisyone revèsib]] (refrijerasyon an ete ak chofaj nan sezon fredi). An 2018, dapre [[Ajans Enèji Entènasyonal la]], èkondisyone elektrik ak fanatik deja konsome anviwon yon senkyèm nan elektrisite total nan bilding atravè lemond, oswa 10% nan konsomasyon elektrisite total, epi nou espere yon ogmantasyon byen file pa 2050 kote, nan ritm sa a, refrijerasyon lokal yo ta ka vin sous prensipal konsomasyon elektrisite. == Istwa == {{gade|Natirèl glasyè}} Women yo te itilize yon tinèl anba tè pou pote lè deyò ki te yon vrè èkondisyone depi lè a antre nan kay la te san patipri envaryabmam alantou 10-{{tmp|12|°C}} nan tou de sezon fredi ak ete (prensip nan [ [Canadyen byen). ]]). [[CAVES]]oswa kote patikilyèman frèt (gwòt, rivyè mòn, glasye{{etc.}}) yo itilize pou konsève manje oswa menm blòk glas pandan plizyè mwa<ref>{{CNRTL|pi fre|A}}. </ref>. Soti nan {{s-|XVI}} sistèm refwadisman natirèl yo, ki te jwenn pa koule dlo, kidonk lakòz yon rediksyon nan tanperati lè a atravè evaporasyon. Nan epòk [[Louis -sous-louis-xiv-1186413/ Ki jan yo te konsève sorbè anba Louis XIV?], sou caminteresse.fr depi 3 septanm 2017, konsilte 19 me 2019.</ref>. === {{s-|XVIII}} === Nan fen {{s-|XVIII}}, rezo èkondisyone yo te kreye ak blòk glas entegre nan rezo yo ak vantilasyon fòse. Anvan envansyon nan frijidè, glas (pa egzanp koupe nan sezon fredi nan etan) te estoke nan yon pi fre. Li konsiste de yon twou fèmen pa yon kouvèti posibilite kote kouch pay, oswa syur, ak glas yo te altène. Kòm lè frèt la desann ak chalè a monte, yo te pò ranpli a sitiye nan tèt la, tanperati ki ba a te konsève ak yon pati nan glas la, konsa ki estoke, yo te kenbe jiskaske ete. Nosyon de konfò pandan ete a toujou trè fin vye granmoun ak desen achitekti favorize kouran lè ak pwoteje zòn nan limyè solèy la dirèk nan chalè. An 1755, Scotsman [[William Cullen]] te jwenn yon ti glas lè li te entwodwi vapè dlo anba yon "klòch vakyòm"<ref>Gade dyagram faz dlo a nan atik "[ [Pwen trip]]" pou konprann enpak presyon sou pwen konjelasyon an.</ref>{{,}}<ref>[http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/BUS_M_2014_IORDANESCU_ANDREI.pdf Analiz Thermodinamik Tib Ranque] {{pdf}}, [ [Université Lorraine]], p. 9.</ref>. === {{s-|XIX}} === [[Jacob Perkins|Jacobs Perkins]] te fè rechèch sou refrijerasyon ak patante yon sistèm refrijerasyon konpresyon vapè an 1834. Likid yo te itilize se etè etilik. Yon nouvo tantativ nan itilizasyon endistriyèl nan refrijerasyon dat tounen nan 1851 lè [[James Harrison (enjenyè)|James Harrison]], yon enprimant Scottish ki te emigre nan Ostrali, te achte yon konpayi laprès. Pandan ke li netwaye karaktè ak etè, li remake ke likid la refwadi metal la anpil jan li evapore. Harrison te gen lide konpresyon etè gaz la ak yon ponp pou l tounen yon likid, Lè sa a, kite etè likid la retounen nan eta gaz la ki lakòz refwadisman. Li ap aplike sistèm sa a nan yon brasri Ostralyen kote gaz etè frèt ponpe nan tiyo ki sikile nan bilding lan. Harrison itilize menm prensip la pou fè glas lè li pase tuya a nan dloux refwadi pa etè gaz. Men, li te fè fayit an 1860 paske glas natirèl yo te enpòte lè sa a pa bato ki soti nan Amerik la te pi bon mache.{{Referans nesesè|dat=20 janvye 2024}} Yon ti kras pita kòm teknoloji avanse, nou te kòmanse fabrike sistèm refwadisman senp ki fonksyone ak konpresè piston (tankou [[Refrigerators|frijidè]] aktyèl nou yo sitou nan transpò maritim, lèt la te opere ak [[ Etè dyetil|etè]] ki te ranplase imedyatman. pa [[amonyak]] ki bay yon pi bon [[sede chimik|sedeman]]{{Referans vle|dat=20 out 2019}}. An 1857, [[Ferdinand Carré]] envante frijidè dlo ak amonyak la. Li patante envansyon li nan [[Etazini]] ak nan [[Exhibition Inivèsèl 1862]]<ref>{{Liv |langue=fr |prenon1=Pierre |ti non1=Rapin |premye2=Patrick |tenye. non2= Jacquard |prenon3=Jean |ti non3=Desmons |tit=Teknoloji enstalasyon frijidè |nimewo edisyon=10 |editè=Dunod |dat=2015-02-11 |total paj=640 |isbn=978-2-10- 072355-3 |li sou entènèt=https://books.google.be/books?id=Ag6WBgAAQBAJ&pg=PR13&dq=Ferdinand+Carr%C3%A9 |accessed=2019-08-20}}.</ref>. Sa a pa t gen siksè pou mache domestik la men li te jwenn siksè nan [[Brasri|brasri]], pou kenbe bwason fre. Frijidè a te kapab pwodui ant 12 ak {{inite|100 kg}} glas, selon modèl la<ref>{{Liv |langue=fr |premye1=Philippe |ti non1=Valode |tit=Istwa gwo fransè a. envantè |sous-tit = soti nan {{s- | 0 |li sou entènèt=https://books.google.be/books?id=mal_CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT75&dq=Ferdinand+Carr%C3%A9 |accessed=2019-08-20 }}.</ref>. === {{s-|XX}} === [[Willis Haviland Carrier|Willis H. Carrier]] te envante èkondisyone modèn an 1902 ak yon sistèm refrijerasyon santrifujeur ekipe ak yon kompresè santral pou diminye gwosè li (li pap revele piblik la jiskaske 1925 lè Mesye Carrier te pran tèt li. Paramount pou enstale li pandan konstriksyon sal pèfòmans {{lang|en|Rivoli Theatre}} nan ''{{lang|en|[[Times Square]]}}'' Lejand fè konnen sukse ete yo soti nan sa a. epòk paske Nouyòkè yo, depi lè sa a, ta chita nan sal sinema ki gen èkondisyone pandan jou cho ete yo)<ref name=":0"> {{Article|language=fr|author1=Benoît Bréville|link author1=Benoît Bréville |title=Ekondisyone pran planèt la|subtitle=Istwa yon pasyon Ameriken|periodik=Le Monde Diplomatique| dat=Out 2017|li sou entènèt=http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2017/08/BREVILLE/ 57768}}.</ref>. === {{s-|XXI}} === An 2017, dapre Ajans Enèji Entènasyonal (IEA), apeprè {{nobr|1.6 milya}} èkondisyone te opere atravè lemond, ak apeprè 50% nan Etazini ak Lachin. ref name=Paradox2018/>. Akòz [[rechofajman global]] ak devlopman ekonomik, kantite èkondisyone ap ogmante: anviwon {{nobr|135 milyon}} inite yo te vann an 2017 (twa fwa plis pase an 1990), ki gen ladan {{nobr |53 milyon dola. }} inite nan Lachin pandan ke yo nan peyi Zend sèlman 4% nan kay yo ekipe. Prèske {{inite|3900 TWh}} enèji yo te itilize pou refwadi kay ak biwo, pou refrijere manje ak medikaman{{etc.}}. Sa a reprezante 3 a 4% nan konsomasyon enèji final la, dapre Toby Peters nan University of Birmingham<ref name=ClimAFP2018>{{Web link |langue=fr |titre=Bezwen refwadisman fè fas a defi rechofman planèt la|url=https ://www.connaissancedesenergies.org/les-besoins-de-refroidissement-face-au-defi-du-rechauffement-climatique-180420 |série=The essential news |site= Konesans enèji |dat=20 avril 2018} }.</ref>, 10% konsomasyon elektrisite mondyal an 2018 dapre IEA<ref name="GestesReduce">{{Web link |author=Soazig Le Nevé|title =Chalè: aksyon pou diminye tanperati lakay ou san yo pa èkondisyone |url= https://www.lemonde.fr/des-solutions-pour-la-planete/article/2019/06/24/les-gestes-a- adopte-to-reduce-the-temperature-at -home-without-clim_5480480_5444637.html|date=24 jen 2019 |sit=[[Le Monde]] |konsilte le=24 jen 2019}}.</ref>. Èkondisyone ak fanatik elektrik konsome anviwon yon senkyèm nan elektrisite total nan bilding atravè lemond, epi nou espere yon gwo ogmantasyon pa 2050 kote, nan ritm sa a, refrijerasyon lokal yo ta ka vin sous prensipal konsomasyon elektrisite<ref>{{en }} [https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2018/may/air-conditioning-use-emerges-as-one-of-the-key-drivers-of-global-electricity-dema.html ''Itilizasyon èkondisyone parèt kòm youn nan kle nan kwasans demann elektrisite mondyal la''], [[Ajans Enèji Entènasyonal]], 15 me 2018.</ref> . An Frans, pik nan konsomasyon elektrisite se nan sezon fredi, ak sitou akòz [[chofaj elektrik]]. Bezwen pou chofaj vin prèske zewo an ete, sa ki fè li posib pou kenbe plant elektrik yo an ete (lè dlo refwadisman mwens disponib). Men, nan yon nimewo k ap grandi nan peyi pik konsomasyon yo se ete, pwovoke pa èkondisyone, vin tounen yon enkyetid pou rezo elektrisite nan lavni, espesyalman kòm demann pou èkondisyone espere "eksplode nan deseni kap vini yo" dapre [[Ajans Entènasyonal la [[ University of Birmingham]] pandan premye kongrè mondyal ki dedye a "''{{lang|en|clean cold}}''" (avril 2018). == Operasyon ak itilizasyon == {{Atik detaye|Pop chalè|Refrijerasyon endistriyèl|Ekondisyone solè}} Èkondisyone bay konfò tèmik lè tanperati deyò a ba oswa wo. Nan sezon an, bezwen èkondisyone varye, lye ak kontribisyon ekstèn (sitou solè) ak entèn (gwo kantite okipan, aparèy elektrik tankou ekleraj, mikwo òdinatè{{etc.}}). Menm sistèm nan ([[ponp chalè revèsib]], ki gen yon gwosè ki adapte ak itilizasyon an) pèmèt lokal la chofe oswa refrijere selon bezwen.<br> Konfò igrometrik yo de pli zan pli pran an konsiderasyon pou bay imidite anbyen kontwole pa imidite ak aksyon dezimidifikasyon, deklanche pa yon [[hygrostat]]. ==Referans== {{referans}} 788om9o3786yp40s1v6qn1fxhq6r3iz 0 91985 889618 847667 2026-10-30T04:21:58Z InternetArchiveBot 25431 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 889618 wikitext text/x-wiki Yon '''referandòm''' {{Nòt|Ce mot d'origine latine s'écrivait dans un texte en français ''{{lang|la|referendum}}'', tel qu'en latin, jusque vers la fin du {{s-|XX|e}}. Les [[Rectifications orthographiques du français en 1990]] préfèrent la graphie avec accents, conforme aux formes du français, déjà présente.}} se yon pwosedi kote tout sitwayen nan yon kolektvite patikilye vote sou yon kesyon politik. Se yon pwosesis kote yon otorite politik konsilte tout [[Sitwayènte|sitwayen]] yon kolektivite sou yon pwopozisyon konsènan « yon mezi ke yon lòt otorite te pran oswa {{Sitasyon|yon desizyon yon otorite konte pran<ref>{{harvsp|Guillaume-Hofnung|1985|p=19}} site {{Ouvrage|prénom1=Julien|nom1=Laferrière|titre=Manuel de droit constitutionnel|éditeur=|année=1947|passage=431}}.</ref>}} ». Pi souvan, sitwayen yo dwe reponn "wi" oswa "non" nan yon kesyon ki gen tèm ki te defini pa otorite konsiltasyon an. Desizyon pou òganize yon referandòm ka soti nan [[pouvwa egzekitif]] kominote a, nan yon gwoup k ap patisipe nan [[pouvwa lejislatif la]], oswa nan yon apwòch [[Dwa petisyon|petisyonè]] nan ka yon [[inisyativ popilè]]. Souvan, pwosesis [[Endepandans (politik)|endepandans politik]], ki konstitye yon nouvo [[Eta]] pa [[Sesesyon (politik)|sesesyon]] nan yon pi gwo antye, enplike konsiltasyon sitwayen konsène yo nan yon [[referandòm otodetèminasyon]]. === Istwa === [[Plebisit la]] se te yon pwosedi [[Repiblik Women]] nan tan lontan. Relasyon li ak [[Sezarism]], dezi pou enpoze [[pouvwa (syans sosyal)|pouvwa pèsonèl]] yon [[moun fò]], rete nan orijin anpil kritik kont referandòm lan{{ sfn|Jeanneney| 1980}}. Referandòm teritoryal la, konsènan atachman yon kominote ak yon lòt, te egziste depi nan ane 1552 pou atachman vil [[Metz]] ak Wayòm Lafrans. Kalite referandòm sa a asosye ak [[dwa pèp yo pou yo detèmine tèt yo]] {{sfn|Guillaume-Hofnung|1985|p=20}}. Pandan ke pifò [[demokrasi]] kontanporen yo te fè referandòm pandan tout listwa yo, kèk peyi te etabli yo kòm yon mòd regilye nan gouvènman an. Mwatye nan apeprè 800 referandòm ki te fèt nan nivo nasyonal atravè mond lan jouk nan fen ane 1993 yo te fèt nan [[Swis]]<ref>{{harvsp|Butler|Ranney|1994|p=1}} </ref>. Nan pifò peyi, desizyon pou òganize yon referandòm te soti nan pati politik ki gen pouvwa a ak objektif pou yo valide oryantasyon yo. Itilizasyon referandòm lan pwogrese espesyalman nan Swis<ref>{{harvsp|Butler|Ranney|1994|p=2}}, yon deklarasyon kontredi pa tablo 1.1 {{p.|5}}.</ref>, nan [[Itali]] ak nan sèten [[Eta Etazini|Eta]] nan [[Etazini]]{{sfn|Butler|Ranney|1994|p=2}}. === Teyori === Referandòm nan fè pati domèn lalwa: nou ka sèlman deside sou lwa pa referandòm. Nan rejim [[demokrasi reprezantatif]], palmantè yo diskite ak amande lwa yo. Referandòm nan, dapre konsepsyon jiris la [[Raymond Carré de Malberg]], vize limite ak kontwole pouvwa sa a. Si {{quote|lwa a se ekspresyon jeneral}}, li an sante ke konpwomi ke palmantè yo te jwenn ant divès enterè ak opinyon yo soumèt bay [[kosyon elektoral la]]. Plas referandòm lan nan yerachi pouvwa yo poze yon pwoblèm pratik. Lwa yo sijè a siveyans pou konfòmite ak [[Konstitisyon an]], ki sitou pwoteje minorite yo. Ki jan referandòm lan konpare ak estanda sa a {{sfn|Guillaume-Hofnung|1985|p=12}}? Teknik yo pou aplike referandòm lan reyaji nan efè li. Metòd deklanche konsiltasyon an, libellé kesyon an, posib [[kowòm]] ak [[majorite kalifye]], frekans yo sèvi ak li, fè li swa yon zouti pouvwa ki disponib pou reprezantan eli yo, oswa yon enstriman pou limitasyon ak kontwòl pa elektora a{{sfn|Guillaume-Hofnung|1985|p=17sq}}. Teknik pou enfliyanse vòt yo ak pervèti rezilta yo aplike tou nan referandòm lan{{sfn|Guillaume-Hofnung|1985|p=24}}. Yon referandòm kapab konsiltatif oswa pran desizyon, lokal, nasyonal oswa federal si sa aplikab, konvansyonèl si li konsène ratifikasyon yon trete entènasyonal, oswa transfè teritoryal si li enplike modifye limit yon kominote. Konstitisyon an pafwa fè òganizasyon li obligatwa; nan lòt ka, yon demann dwe kolekte nan [[petisyon]] yon sèten kantite siyati valab {{sfn|Guillaume-Hofnung|1985|p=18sq}}. [[Opinyon piblik]] toujou ap mande, nan {{s-|XXI}}, pa [[sondaj opinyon]]. Referandòm lan kanpe deyò pou piblik li yo ak, pou moun ki kesyone, nati previzib. Pandan ke biwo vòt la kolekte yon opinyon san avètisman oswa enfòmasyon davans, referandòm lan gen anvan yon kanpay{{sfn|Guillaume-Hofnung|1985|p=20}}. Preparasyon sa a enfòme opinyon endividyèl, men pèmèt pozisyon kolektif yo fòme, pi souvan alantou pèsonalite etabli, ki pote li pi pre sistèm reprezantan an. === Limit metòd referandòm === Pratik metòd sa a ki lye ak [[demokrasi dirèk]] montre yon sèten kantite limit ki ka rezime nan kat pwen: * Referandòm nan lye ak ajanda politik òganizatè li yo, ki kontwole kalandriye li yo ansanm ak fòmilasyon kesyon yo poze a (“pwosesis kontwole ak pro-ejemonik”)<ref>Arend Lijphart, ''Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Gouvènman konsansis nan ven-yon peyi'' (Yale University Press 1984) 203, ak Matt Qvortrup, "Èske referandòm yo kontwole ak pro-ejemonik?" (2000) p.48 ''Etid Politik'' 821; te site pa Stephen Tierney ''nan'' "Èske referandòm lan nan eta desantralize yo gen efè pou fraktire oswa favorize gouvènans federal?", ''Federal Idea'', Mas 2014, p.8</ref > ; * Sijè yo diskite pafwa yo konplèks epi yo ka mande yon sèten ekspètiz ki pa nesesèman tande nan yon deba kote [[retoris la]] fè apèl a [[emosyon]]s<ref>{{web link|url=http :// www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/le-vote-suisse-ou-les-limites-du-referendum-populaire_832032.html|titre=Vòt Swis la oswa limit referandòm popilè a|site=L'Express .fr |dat=30 novanm 2009|otè=Emilie Cailleau|accessed=11 fevriye 2015}}; {{harvsp|Butler|Ranney|1994|p=17}}.</ref> ; * Referandòm nan {{quote|konsolide, e menm reifye, senp desizyon an majorite pran sou depans enterè minorite yo ak moun yo [… men se] yon kesyon pratik e non pa prensip<ref>{{web link | otè=Stephen Tierney|title=Èske referandòm nan eta desantralize yo gen efè kraze oswa favorize gouvènans federal?|sit=Lide federal|dat=Mas 2014|url=http://ideefederale.ca/documents/Tierney_fr.pdf |paj=9|accessed on=11 fevriye 2015}} (''{{web link|langue=en|url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/18454520/ Tierney_Referendum_Multi_Level_States_March_2014.pdf |title=Referandòm nan plizyè nivo: kraze oswa ankouraje modèl federal gouvènman an?}}''); {{harvsp|Butler|Ranney|1994|p=17}}.</ref>}} ak yon risk ke politisyen Laurence Morel konsidere kòm {{cita|trè surestime}} bay istwa pratik referandòm lan: {{cita| Apa de kèk zòn, pa gen okenn prèv ki montre reprezantan yo pi toleran oswa plis pwogresis pase elektè yo. […e] li sifi pou lejislatè a bay yon revizyon jidisyè pou verifye konfòmite pwopozisyon referandòm yo ak dwa ak libète yo afime nan Konstitisyon an oswa lòt tèks ke yon peyi abònman<ref>{{Liv |otè1=Laurence Morel | title= Kesyon referandòm lan |editè=Presses de Sciences Po |ane=2019 |total paj=311 |isbn= |li sou entènèt=https://www.google.fr/books/edition/La_question_du_r%C3%A9f%C3% A9rendum/dhTADwAAQBAJ?hl=fr&gbpv=1&dq=%22r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rendum%22+ET+%22death+penalty%22&pg=PT109&printsec=frontcover }}.</ref>}}. * Referandòm lan se pa yon [[deliberasyon]]. Votè yo pa gen pouvwa pou enfliyanse [[desizyon an]]. Yo dwe aksepte oswa rejte sa yo ofri yo. Yo pi souvan reponn yon sèl kesyon, wi oswa non{{nòt|group=alpha|[[Lwa Konstitisyonèl 2 Novanm 1945|Referandòm 1945 an Frans]] te poze de kesyon lye.}} . Okontrè, yon deba deliberatif tankou diskisyon sou yon pwojè lwa reponn successivement otan keksyon nesesè, eksprime nan [[Amandman (lwa)|amannman]] nan tèks la, anvan li deside sou rezilta a<ref >{{atik| non1=Laurence |non1=Morel |non2=Marion |non2=Paoletti |tit=Entwodiksyon. Referandòm, deliberasyon, demokrasi |peryodik=Participations |ane=2018 |li sou entènèt=https://www.cairn.info/revue-participations-2018-1-page-7.htm}}</ref>. === Inisyativ popilè a === {{atik detaye|inisyativ popilè}} [[Inisyativ popilè]] se pwodwi yon panse politik kote ideyal la se [[demokrasi dirèk]], kontrèman ak [[demokrasi reprezantatif]]. Moun k ap defann demokrasi dirèk yo konsidere chwa politik yo kòm chwa esansyèlman [[moral]] yo, pou tout moun gen konpetans, alòske moun ki defann demokrasi reprezantatif yo kwè ke lejislasyon ak gouvènman an mande pou [[Konpetans (sikoloji)|konpetans]] yo, ki vle di [[ pwofesyonèl]] yo, ki votè yo chwazi. Inisyativ popilè a genyen yon peryòd [[Dwa pou fè petisyon|petisyon]], pandan pwomotè yo kolekte siyati sètifye nan men sitwayen yo. Lè inisyativ popilè a fè pati enstitisyon yo, lalwa prevwa papòt siyati kalifye pou deklanche yon referandòm, ak delè pou kolekte yo. Kondisyon sa yo ranpli, egzekitif la oblije òganize yon referandòm{{sfn|Guillaume-Hofnung|1985|p=ch. mwen}}. Kòm desizyon politik yo pa manke gen yon aspè moral ak yon aspè teknik, kesyon an poze poukisa nouou. Yon preferans moral, yon objektif vag, kite gwo latitid bay lejislatè a, ki ka fristre atant elektora yo. Redaksyon legal detaye, lè pa te gen okenn verifikasyon konplè sou [[legal]] yo ak lòt konsekans, ni diskisyon oswa negosyasyon ak pati ki pi konsène yo, gen risk pou yo kontrepwodiktif oswa pou yo rejte menm si prensip li a ta rasanble yon majorite. Peyi kote inisyativ popilè fè pati enstitisyon yo te adopte divès solisyon, daprè tradisyon politik yo. Yon [[Revizyon Inisyativ Sitwayen]] kapab konstitye yon etap preparasyon pou referandòm lan. == Nòt ak referans == === Nòt === {{Références|groupe=alpha}} === Referans === {{Références}} == Apendis == {{Lòt pwojè|wiktionary=référendum|wiktionary titre=référendum|wikiquote=Référendum}} === lyen ekstèn === * {{Autorité}} * {{Dictionnaires}} * {{Bases}} * {{lien web|auteur=Marion Paoletti |url=http://www.dicopart.fr/fr/dico/referendum |titre=Référendum |année=2013 |id=Paoletti}}, dans {{Ouvrage|auteur1=I. Casillo|et al.=oui|titre=Dictionnaire critique et interdisciplinaire de la participation|lieu=Paris|éditeur=GIS Démocratie et Participation|année=2013|isbn=|issn=2268-5863}}. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110517004635/http://www.senat.fr/lc/lc4/lc4.html Étude des dispositions constitutionnelles relatives aux référendums dans plusieurs pays européens et aux États-Unis] * [http://mots.revues.org/index967.html Oui ou non, le piège rhétorique du référendum] * [https://framavox.org/g/NsLvMmKc/parlement-direct-r-f-rendum-directe-2017 ''Référendum direct''] de la 3e chambre [https://framavox.org/g/aSo9pQyJ/parlement-direct ''Parlement Direct''] de la communauté française directe. [[Kategori:Politik]] [[Kategori:Referandòm]] e81ur3q2g23j4b0jh9bp85g6cyqctzh 0 97895 889598 889294 2026-10-30T02:09:05Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] niuqrtomlthtsutguipw94n9qn1qwvh 889599 889598 2026-10-30T02:12:13Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fani === Claude-Inga Barbey te fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv nan peyi Laswis nan distri Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] mjn9pdbrwme2rec389xujcl7vrpa01j 889600 889599 2026-10-30T02:23:59Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fani === Claude-Inga Barbey te fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv nan peyi Laswis nan distri Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman li te adopte li lè li te gen twa lane aprè ke yo te fin mete li nan gadri, paran li yo te adikte nan bwè alkòl e nan pran dwòg, yo te abandone li. Li pa gen okenn kontak ak manman byolojik li. Li te sèlman rekonekte avèk li pandan dènye ane nan lavi li, nan lopital la, soti lane 2016 rive lane 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Gran granpapa li, Paul Mercier, bò kote manman li, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] 76e5xo9c48cgjq7zwh9pqprh8xoncxi 889601 889600 2026-10-30T02:25:16Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fani === Claude-Inga Barbey te fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv nan peyi Laswis nan distri Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman li te adopte li lè li te gen twa lane aprè ke yo te fin mete li nan gadri, paran li yo te adikte nan bwè alkòl e nan pran dwòg, yo te abandone li. Li pa gen okenn kontak ak manman byolojik li. Li te sèlman rekonekte avèk li pandan dènye ane nan lavi li, nan lopital la, soti lane 2016 rive lane 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Gran granpapa li, Paul Mercier, bò kote manman li, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> Claude-Inga Barbey se manman kat timoun, yon pitit fi ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 1980 yo, ki pral marye ak pitit gason aktris [[Doris Ittig]],<ref name=":2" /> ak twa pitit gason, dènye a ki fèt nan kòmansman ane 2000 yo,<ref name=":1" />,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.illustre.ch/magazine/claudeinga-barbey-petitefille-ose-nouveau-membrasser|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : « Ma petite-fille ose de nouveau m’embrasser »|last=Patrick Baumann|date=4.6.2020|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>. Non sivil li se Claude-Inga Barbey-Mercier-Rouiller. Papa premye pitit li a, Jean-Michel Broillet, ke li te marye avè l epi apre sa li te separe, te mouri nan lane 2017, apre yon machin te frape li nan vil Jenèv la,<ref name=":2" />.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/jean-michel-broillet-pilier-du-theatre-genevois-fauche-sur-un-trottoir-971239303942|title=Jean-Michel Broillet, pilier du théâtre genevois, fauché sur un trottoir|last=Katia Berger|date=2017-05-15|website=|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] in1kt1z18go8053acbslgvrfa534i8o 889602 889601 2026-10-30T02:26:42Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fani === Claude-Inga Barbey te fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv nan peyi Laswis nan distri Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman li te adopte li lè li te gen twa lane aprè ke yo te fin mete li nan gadri, paran li yo te adikte nan bwè alkòl e nan pran dwòg, yo te abandone li. Li pa gen okenn kontak ak manman byolojik li. Li te sèlman rekonekte avèk li pandan dènye ane nan lavi li, nan lopital la, soti lane 2016 rive lane 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Gran granpapa li, Paul Mercier, bò kote manman li, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> Claude-Inga Barbey se manman kat timoun, yon pitit fi ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 1980, ki pral marye ak pitit gason aktris [[Doris Ittig]],<ref name=":2" /> ak twa pitit gason, dènye a ki fèt nan kòmansman ane 2000 yo,<ref name=":1" />,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.illustre.ch/magazine/claudeinga-barbey-petitefille-ose-nouveau-membrasser|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : « Ma petite-fille ose de nouveau m’embrasser »|last=Patrick Baumann|date=4.6.2020|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>. Non sivil li se Claude-Inga Barbey-Mercier-Rouiller. Papa premye pitit li a, Jean-Michel Broillet, ke li te marye avè l epi apre sa li te separe, te mouri nan lane 2017, apre yon machin te frape li nan vil Jenèv la,<ref name=":2" />.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/jean-michel-broillet-pilier-du-theatre-genevois-fauche-sur-un-trottoir-971239303942|title=Jean-Michel Broillet, pilier du théâtre genevois, fauché sur un trottoir|last=Katia Berger|date=2017-05-15|website=|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] qqvo4ne8cbrgl3k8kmtytvbpcmhpztg 889603 889602 2026-10-30T02:28:26Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fani === Claude-Inga Barbey te fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv nan peyi Laswis nan distri Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman li te adopte li lè li te gen twa lane aprè ke yo te fin mete li nan gadri, paran li yo te adikte nan bwè alkòl e nan pran dwòg, yo te abandone li. Li pa gen okenn kontak ak manman byolojik li. Li te sèlman rekonekte avèk li pandan dènye ane nan lavi li, nan lopital la, soti lane 2016 rive lane 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Gran granpapa li, Paul Mercier, bò kote manman li, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> Claude-Inga Barbey se manman kat timoun, yon pitit fi ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 1980, ki pral marye ak pitit gason aktris [[Doris Ittig]],<ref name=":2" /> ak twa pitit gason, dènye a ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 2000 yo,<ref name=":1" />,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.illustre.ch/magazine/claudeinga-barbey-petitefille-ose-nouveau-membrasser|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : « Ma petite-fille ose de nouveau m’embrasser »|last=Patrick Baumann|date=4.6.2020|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>. Non sivil li se Claude-Inga Barbey-Mercier-Rouiller. Papa premye pitit li a, Jean-Michel Broillet, ke li te marye avèk li epi apre sa li te separe, te mouri nan lane 2017, apre yon machin te frape li nan vil Jenèv la,<ref name=":2" />.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/jean-michel-broillet-pilier-du-theatre-genevois-fauche-sur-un-trottoir-971239303942|title=Jean-Michel Broillet, pilier du théâtre genevois, fauché sur un trottoir|last=Katia Berger|date=2017-05-15|website=|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] auyqnr0xyozqmebbifjqblymidmt9nu 889604 889603 2026-10-30T02:30:04Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fani === Claude-Inga Barbey te fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv nan peyi Laswis nan distri Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman li te adopte li lè li te gen twa lane aprè ke yo te fin mete li nan gadri, paran li yo te adikte nan bwè alkòl e nan pran dwòg, yo te abandone li. Li pa gen okenn kontak ak manman byolojik li. Li te sèlman rekonekte avèk li pandan dènye ane nan lavi li, nan lopital la, soti lane 2016 rive lane 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Gran granpapa li, Paul Mercier, bò kote manman li, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> Claude-Inga Barbey se manman kat timoun, yon pitit fi ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 1980, ki pral marye ak pitit gason aktris [[Doris Ittig]],<ref name=":2" /> ak twa pitit gason, dènye a ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 2000 yo,<ref name=":1" />,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.illustre.ch/magazine/claudeinga-barbey-petitefille-ose-nouveau-membrasser|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : « Ma petite-fille ose de nouveau m’embrasser »|last=Patrick Baumann|date=4.6.2020|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>. Non sivil li se Claude-Inga Barbey-Mercier-Rouiller. Papa premye pitit li a, Jean-Michel Broillet, ke li te marye avèk li epi apre sa li te separe, te mouri nan lane 2017, apre yon machin te frape li nan vil Jenèv la,<ref name=":2" />.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/jean-michel-broillet-pilier-du-theatre-genevois-fauche-sur-un-trottoir-971239303942|title=Jean-Michel Broillet, pilier du théâtre genevois, fauché sur un trottoir|last=Katia Berger|date=2017-05-15|website=|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> === Anfans === Pandan anfans li, Claude-Inga Barbey te dekouvri gras ak matant li yo " Marionèt Jenèv yo ", fonde pa Marcelle Moynier, epi pita dirije pa Nicole Chevallier. Li te tèlman fasine pa marionèt sa yo ke pafwa li te konn vòlè lajan nan men matant li yo poul al gade spektak sa yo poukont li nan chato prive sa a, ki te sitiye nan epòk sa a sou ri Constantin. ''Frozen'' te fè yon enpresyon patikilye sou li, epi nan liv li ''a The Sugar Palace'', li sonje avanti li te fè pou l wè marionèt sa yo ak enfliyans yo te genyen sou fason li te fè teyat pita,. [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] 12x5xdhk6kmww34aefdlxjxm35y5m24 889607 889604 2026-10-30T02:32:54Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fani === Claude-Inga Barbey te fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv nan peyi Laswis nan distri Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman li te adopte li lè li te gen twa lane aprè ke yo te fin mete li nan gadri, paran li yo te adikte nan bwè alkòl e nan pran dwòg, yo te abandone li. Li pa gen okenn kontak ak manman byolojik li. Li te sèlman rekonekte avèk li pandan dènye ane nan lavi li, nan lopital la, soti lane 2016 rive lane 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Gran granpapa li, Paul Mercier, bò kote manman li, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> Claude-Inga Barbey se manman kat timoun, yon pitit fi ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 1980, ki pral marye ak pitit gason aktris [[Doris Ittig]],<ref name=":2" /> ak twa pitit gason, dènye a ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 2000 yo,<ref name=":1" />,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.illustre.ch/magazine/claudeinga-barbey-petitefille-ose-nouveau-membrasser|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : « Ma petite-fille ose de nouveau m’embrasser »|last=Patrick Baumann|date=4.6.2020|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>. Non sivil li se Claude-Inga Barbey-Mercier-Rouiller. Papa premye pitit li a, Jean-Michel Broillet, ke li te marye avèk li epi apre sa li te separe, te mouri nan lane 2017, apre yon machin te frape li nan vil Jenèv la,<ref name=":2" />.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/jean-michel-broillet-pilier-du-theatre-genevois-fauche-sur-un-trottoir-971239303942|title=Jean-Michel Broillet, pilier du théâtre genevois, fauché sur un trottoir|last=Katia Berger|date=2017-05-15|website=|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> === Anfans === Pandan anfans li, Claude-Inga Barbey te dekouvri gras ak matant li yo " Marionèt Jenèv yo ", fonde pa Marcelle Moynier, epi pita dirije pa Nicole Chevallier. Li te tèlman fasine pa marionèt sa yo ke pafwa li te konn vòlè lajan nan men matant li yo poul al gade spektak sa yo poukont li nan chato prive sa a, ki te sitiye nan epòk sa a sou ri Constantin. ''Frozen'' te fè yon enpresyon patikilye sou li, epi nan liv li ''a The Sugar Palace'', li sonje avanti li te fè pou l wè marionèt sa yo ak enfliyans yo te genyen sou fason li te fè teyat pita,. Aprè li te fin ale nan Lekòl Siperyè Atizay Dramatik ki nan vil Jenèv la, soti nan lane 1978 pou riive nan lane 1980, ke li te kite san yon diplòm, Claude-Inga Barbey te patisipe kòm yon imoris apati 1992 nan emisyon ''5 sur 5'' ak ''Les Dicodeurs'' sou Radyo Swis Romande, ansanm ak nan pwogram televizyon Lova Golovtchiner a '', Le Fond de la corbeille'' . Li te fè premye eksperyans teyatral li yo ak [[Philippe Macasdar]].<ref name=":6" /> [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] pd07rgqje3v3nuex0vq61imu2sododp 889608 889607 2026-10-30T02:39:17Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fani === Claude-Inga Barbey te fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv nan peyi Laswis nan distri Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman li te adopte li lè li te gen twa lane aprè ke yo te fin mete li nan gadri, paran li yo te adikte nan bwè alkòl e nan pran dwòg, yo te abandone li. Li pa gen okenn kontak ak manman byolojik li. Li te sèlman rekonekte avèk li pandan dènye ane nan lavi li, nan lopital la, soti lane 2016 rive lane 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Gran granpapa li, Paul Mercier, bò kote manman li, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> Claude-Inga Barbey se manman kat timoun, yon pitit fi ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 1980, ki pral marye ak pitit gason aktris [[Doris Ittig]],<ref name=":2" /> ak twa pitit gason, dènye a ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 2000 yo,<ref name=":1" />,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.illustre.ch/magazine/claudeinga-barbey-petitefille-ose-nouveau-membrasser|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : « Ma petite-fille ose de nouveau m’embrasser »|last=Patrick Baumann|date=4.6.2020|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>. Non sivil li se Claude-Inga Barbey-Mercier-Rouiller. Papa premye pitit li a, Jean-Michel Broillet, ke li te marye avèk li epi apre sa li te separe, te mouri nan lane 2017, apre yon machin te frape li nan vil Jenèv la,<ref name=":2" />.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/jean-michel-broillet-pilier-du-theatre-genevois-fauche-sur-un-trottoir-971239303942|title=Jean-Michel Broillet, pilier du théâtre genevois, fauché sur un trottoir|last=Katia Berger|date=2017-05-15|website=|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> === Anfans === Pandan anfans li, Claude-Inga Barbey te dekouvri gras ak matant li yo " Marionèt Jenèv yo ", fonde pa Marcelle Moynier, epi pita dirije pa Nicole Chevallier. Li te tèlman fasine pa marionèt sa yo ke pafwa li te konn vòlè lajan nan men matant li yo poul al gade spektak sa yo poukont li nan chato prive sa a, ki te sitiye nan epòk sa a sou ri Constantin. ''Frozen'' te fè yon enpresyon patikilye sou li, epi nan liv li ''a The Sugar Palace'', li sonje avanti li te fè pou l wè marionèt sa yo ak enfliyans yo te genyen sou fason li te fè teyat pita,. === Fòmasyon ak karyè pwofesyonèl ak atistik === Aprè li te fin ale nan Lekòl Siperyè Atizay Dramatik ki nan vil Jenèv la, soti nan lane 1978 pou riive nan lane 1980, ke li te kite san yon diplòm, Claude-Inga Barbey te patisipe kòm yon imoris apati 1992 nan emisyon ''5 sur 5'' ak ''Les Dicodeurs'' sou Radyo Swis Romande, ansanm ak nan pwogram televizyon Lova Golovtchiner a '', Le Fond de la corbeille'' . Li te fè premye eksperyans teyatral li yo ak [[Philippe Macasdar]].<ref name=":6" /> [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] brjlj9fxe0qc6wj79dwk91a0cbyj8u2 889610 889608 2026-10-30T02:41:58Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fani === Claude-Inga Barbey te fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv nan peyi Laswis nan distri Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman li te adopte li lè li te gen twa lane aprè ke yo te fin mete li nan gadri, paran li yo te adikte nan bwè alkòl e nan pran dwòg, yo te abandone li. Li pa gen okenn kontak ak manman byolojik li. Li te sèlman rekonekte avèk li pandan dènye ane nan lavi li, nan lopital la, soti lane 2016 rive lane 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Gran granpapa li, Paul Mercier, bò kote manman li, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> Claude-Inga Barbey se manman kat timoun, yon pitit fi ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 1980, ki pral marye ak pitit gason aktris [[Doris Ittig]],<ref name=":2" /> ak twa pitit gason, dènye a ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 2000 yo,<ref name=":1" />,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.illustre.ch/magazine/claudeinga-barbey-petitefille-ose-nouveau-membrasser|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : « Ma petite-fille ose de nouveau m’embrasser »|last=Patrick Baumann|date=4.6.2020|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>. Non sivil li se Claude-Inga Barbey-Mercier-Rouiller. Papa premye pitit li a, Jean-Michel Broillet, ke li te marye avèk li epi apre sa li te separe, te mouri nan lane 2017, apre yon machin te frape li nan vil Jenèv la,<ref name=":2" />.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/jean-michel-broillet-pilier-du-theatre-genevois-fauche-sur-un-trottoir-971239303942|title=Jean-Michel Broillet, pilier du théâtre genevois, fauché sur un trottoir|last=Katia Berger|date=2017-05-15|website=|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> === Anfans === Pandan anfans li, Claude-Inga Barbey te dekouvri gras ak matant li yo " Marionèt Jenèv yo ", fonde pa Marcelle Moynier, epi pita dirije pa Nicole Chevallier. Li te tèlman fasine pa marionèt sa yo ke pafwa li te konn vòlè lajan nan men matant li yo poul al gade spektak sa yo poukont li nan chato prive sa a, ki te sitiye nan epòk sa a sou ri Constantin. ''Frozen'' te fè yon enpresyon patikilye sou li, epi nan liv li ''a The Sugar Palace'', li sonje avanti li te fè pou l wè marionèt sa yo ak enfliyans yo te genyen sou fason li te fè teyat pita,. === Fòmasyon ak karyè pwofesyonèl ak atistik === Aprè li te fin ale nan Lekòl Siperyè Atizay Dramatik ki nan vil Jenèv la, soti nan lane 1978 pou riive nan lane 1980, ke li te kite san yon diplòm, Claude-Inga Barbey te patisipe kòm yon imoris apati 1992 nan emisyon ''5 sur 5'' ak ''Les Dicodeurs'' sou Radyo Swis Romande, ansanm ak nan pwogram televizyon Lova Golovtchiner a '', Le Fond de la corbeille'' . Li te fè premye eksperyans teyatral li yo ak [[Philippe Macasdar]].<ref name=":6" /> Nan lane 1996, li te kreye koup Monique ak Roger a avèk Patrick Lapp nan emisyon ''Bergamote'' a (ki te gen ladan li tou Claude Blanc ak Daniel Rausis ). Premye espektak ''Bergamote'' la te fèt nan lane 1998, aprè sa te gen plizyè lòt espektak. ''Bergamote and the Angel'' (prezante nan Théâtre Hébertot nan [[Pari]] nan lane 2000 ), ''Bergamote, the Time of Cherries'' (avèk arive [[Doris Ittig]] an 2004), ''Bergamote, the Modern'' nan lane 2006 (avèk Marc Donet-Monet kòm yon nouvo atis). Se istwa koup sa a ki t ap enspire Guy A. Lepage pou kreye seri televizyon Un gars, une fille. [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] domppf091o22oswff1eetki9a6ei5hl 889611 889610 2026-10-30T02:58:42Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fani === Claude-Inga Barbey te fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv nan peyi Laswis nan distri Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman li te adopte li lè li te gen twa lane aprè ke yo te fin mete li nan gadri, paran li yo te adikte nan bwè alkòl e nan pran dwòg, yo te abandone li. Li pa gen okenn kontak ak manman byolojik li. Li te sèlman rekonekte avèk li pandan dènye ane nan lavi li, nan lopital la, soti lane 2016 rive lane 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Gran granpapa li, Paul Mercier, bò kote manman li, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> Claude-Inga Barbey se manman kat timoun, yon pitit fi ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 1980, ki pral marye ak pitit gason aktris [[Doris Ittig]],<ref name=":2" /> ak twa pitit gason, dènye a ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 2000 yo,<ref name=":1" />,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.illustre.ch/magazine/claudeinga-barbey-petitefille-ose-nouveau-membrasser|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : « Ma petite-fille ose de nouveau m’embrasser »|last=Patrick Baumann|date=4.6.2020|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>. Non sivil li se Claude-Inga Barbey-Mercier-Rouiller. Papa premye pitit li a, Jean-Michel Broillet, ke li te marye avèk li epi apre sa li te separe, te mouri nan lane 2017, apre yon machin te frape li nan vil Jenèv la,<ref name=":2" />.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/jean-michel-broillet-pilier-du-theatre-genevois-fauche-sur-un-trottoir-971239303942|title=Jean-Michel Broillet, pilier du théâtre genevois, fauché sur un trottoir|last=Katia Berger|date=2017-05-15|website=|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> === Anfans === Pandan anfans li, Claude-Inga Barbey te dekouvri gras ak matant li yo " Marionèt Jenèv yo ", fonde pa Marcelle Moynier, epi pita dirije pa Nicole Chevallier. Li te tèlman fasine pa marionèt sa yo ke pafwa li te konn vòlè lajan nan men matant li yo poul al gade spektak sa yo poukont li nan chato prive sa a, ki te sitiye nan epòk sa a sou ri Constantin. ''Frozen'' te fè yon enpresyon patikilye sou li, epi nan liv li ''a The Sugar Palace'', li sonje avanti li te fè pou l wè marionèt sa yo ak enfliyans yo te genyen sou fason li te fè teyat pita,. === Fòmasyon ak karyè pwofesyonèl ak atistik === Aprè li te fin ale nan Lekòl Siperyè Atizay Dramatik ki nan vil Jenèv la, soti nan lane 1978 pou riive nan lane 1980, ke li te kite san yon diplòm, Claude-Inga Barbey te patisipe kòm yon imoris apati 1992 nan emisyon ''5 sur 5'' ak ''Les Dicodeurs'' sou Radyo Swis Romande, ansanm ak nan pwogram televizyon Lova Golovtchiner a '', Le Fond de la corbeille'' . Li te fè premye eksperyans teyatral li yo ak [[Philippe Macasdar]].<ref name=":6" /> Nan lane 1996, li te kreye koup Monique ak Roger a avèk Patrick Lapp nan emisyon ''Bergamote'' a (ki te gen ladan li tou Claude Blanc ak Daniel Rausis ). Premye espektak ''Bergamote'' la te fèt nan lane 1998, aprè sa te gen plizyè lòt espektak. ''Bergamote and the Angel'' (prezante nan Théâtre Hébertot nan [[Pari]] nan lane 2000 ), ''Bergamote, the Time of Cherries'' (avèk arive [[Doris Ittig]] an 2004), ''Bergamote, the Modern'' nan lane 2006 (avèk Marc Donet-Monet kòm yon nouvo atis). Se istwa koup sa a ki t ap enspire Guy A. Lepage pou kreye seri televizyon Un gars, une fille. === Lanmò li === Claude-Inga Barbey mouri nan maten jou kite 3 janvye nan lane 2026, a 64 lane, akoz yon kansè nan pankreyas yo te dyagnostike li sis mwa anvan. [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] 9d90tqpv9e7thm5sy0gppx6ymobmzu1 889612 889611 2026-10-30T03:02:22Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fani === Claude-Inga Barbey te fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv nan peyi Laswis nan distri Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman li te adopte li lè li te gen twa lane aprè ke yo te fin mete li nan gadri, paran li yo te adikte nan bwè alkòl e nan pran dwòg, yo te abandone li. Li pa gen okenn kontak ak manman byolojik li. Li te sèlman rekonekte avèk li pandan dènye ane nan lavi li, nan lopital la, soti lane 2016 rive lane 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Gran granpapa li, Paul Mercier, bò kote manman li, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> Claude-Inga Barbey se manman kat timoun, yon pitit fi ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 1980, ki pral marye ak pitit gason aktris [[Doris Ittig]],<ref name=":2" /> ak twa pitit gason, dènye a ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 2000 yo,<ref name=":1" />,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.illustre.ch/magazine/claudeinga-barbey-petitefille-ose-nouveau-membrasser|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : « Ma petite-fille ose de nouveau m’embrasser »|last=Patrick Baumann|date=4.6.2020|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>. Non sivil li se Claude-Inga Barbey-Mercier-Rouiller. Papa premye pitit li a, Jean-Michel Broillet, ke li te marye avèk li epi apre sa li te separe, te mouri nan lane 2017, apre yon machin te frape li nan vil Jenèv la,<ref name=":2" />.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/jean-michel-broillet-pilier-du-theatre-genevois-fauche-sur-un-trottoir-971239303942|title=Jean-Michel Broillet, pilier du théâtre genevois, fauché sur un trottoir|last=Katia Berger|date=2017-05-15|website=|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> === Anfans === Pandan anfans li, Claude-Inga Barbey te dekouvri gras ak matant li yo " Marionèt Jenèv yo ", fonde pa Marcelle Moynier, epi pita dirije pa Nicole Chevallier. Li te tèlman fasine pa marionèt sa yo ke pafwa li te konn vòlè lajan nan men matant li yo poul al gade spektak sa yo poukont li nan chato prive sa a, ki te sitiye nan epòk sa a sou ri Constantin. ''Frozen'' te fè yon enpresyon patikilye sou li, epi nan liv li ''a The Sugar Palace'', li sonje avanti li te fè pou l wè marionèt sa yo ak enfliyans yo te genyen sou fason li te fè teyat pita,. === Fòmasyon ak karyè pwofesyonèl ak atistik === Aprè li te fin ale nan Lekòl Siperyè Atizay Dramatik ki nan vil Jenèv la, soti nan lane 1978 pou riive nan lane 1980, ke li te kite san yon diplòm, Claude-Inga Barbey te patisipe kòm yon imoris apati 1992 nan emisyon ''5 sur 5'' ak ''Les Dicodeurs'' sou Radyo Swis Romande, ansanm ak nan pwogram televizyon Lova Golovtchiner a '', Le Fond de la corbeille'' . Li te fè premye eksperyans teyatral li yo ak [[Philippe Macasdar]].<ref name=":6" /> Nan lane 1996, li te kreye koup Monique ak Roger a avèk Patrick Lapp nan emisyon ''Bergamote'' a (ki te gen ladan li tou Claude Blanc ak Daniel Rausis ). Premye espektak ''Bergamote'' la te fèt nan lane 1998, aprè sa te gen plizyè lòt espektak. ''Bergamote and the Angel'' (prezante nan Théâtre Hébertot nan [[Pari]] nan lane 2000 ), ''Bergamote, the Time of Cherries'' (avèk arive [[Doris Ittig]] an 2004), ''Bergamote, the Modern'' nan lane 2006 (avèk Marc Donet-Monet kòm yon nouvo atis). Se istwa koup sa a ki t ap enspire Guy A. Lepage pou kreye seri televizyon Un gars, une fille. === Lanmò li === Claude-Inga Barbey mouri nan maten jou kite 3 janvye nan lane 2026, a 64 lane, akoz yon kansè nan pankreyas yo te dyagnostike li sis mwa anvan. === Konfidansyalite === Claude-Inga Barbey te rete Meyrin.<ref name=":0" /> Li te batize lè li te genyen 45 lane aprè li te santi dezan avan yon prezans ke li te di li te kominike avèk li telepatikman,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9/ils-ont-la-foi-et-ils-le-disent|title=Ils ont la foi et ils le disent|last=Véronique Châtel|date=1.12.2016|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-26}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cath.ch/newsf/claude-inga-barbey-evoque-rencontre-drole-de-type/|title=Claude-Inga Barbey évoque sa rencontre avec un drôle de type – Portail catholique suisse|date=6.12.2016|website=cath.ch|language=fr-FR|access-date=2021-03-26}}</ref> li te yon katolik ki te devwe anpil.<ref name=":0" /> [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] 7nhbxbmr4wn7us4cqiddu511w6n6ty9 889613 889612 2026-10-30T03:04:10Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fani === Claude-Inga Barbey te fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv nan peyi Laswis nan distri Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman li te adopte li lè li te gen twa lane aprè ke yo te fin mete li nan gadri, paran li yo te adikte nan bwè alkòl e nan pran dwòg, yo te abandone li. Li pa gen okenn kontak ak manman byolojik li. Li te sèlman rekonekte avèk li pandan dènye ane nan lavi li, nan lopital la, soti lane 2016 rive lane 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Gran granpapa li, Paul Mercier, bò kote manman li, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> Claude-Inga Barbey se manman kat timoun, yon pitit fi ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 1980, ki pral marye ak pitit gason aktris [[Doris Ittig]],<ref name=":2" /> ak twa pitit gason, dènye a ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 2000 yo,<ref name=":1" />,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.illustre.ch/magazine/claudeinga-barbey-petitefille-ose-nouveau-membrasser|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : « Ma petite-fille ose de nouveau m’embrasser »|last=Patrick Baumann|date=4.6.2020|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>. Non sivil li se Claude-Inga Barbey-Mercier-Rouiller. Papa premye pitit li a, Jean-Michel Broillet, ke li te marye avèk li epi apre sa li te separe, te mouri nan lane 2017, apre yon machin te frape li nan vil Jenèv la,<ref name=":2" />.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/jean-michel-broillet-pilier-du-theatre-genevois-fauche-sur-un-trottoir-971239303942|title=Jean-Michel Broillet, pilier du théâtre genevois, fauché sur un trottoir|last=Katia Berger|date=2017-05-15|website=|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> === Anfans === Pandan anfans li, Claude-Inga Barbey te dekouvri gras ak matant li yo " Marionèt Jenèv yo ", fonde pa Marcelle Moynier, epi pita dirije pa Nicole Chevallier. Li te tèlman fasine pa marionèt sa yo ke pafwa li te konn vòlè lajan nan men matant li yo poul al gade spektak sa yo poukont li nan chato prive sa a, ki te sitiye nan epòk sa a sou ri Constantin. ''Frozen'' te fè yon enpresyon patikilye sou li, epi nan liv li ''a The Sugar Palace'', li sonje avanti li te fè pou l wè marionèt sa yo ak enfliyans yo te genyen sou fason li te fè teyat pita,. === Fòmasyon ak karyè pwofesyonèl ak atistik === Aprè li te fin ale nan Lekòl Siperyè Atizay Dramatik ki nan vil Jenèv la, soti nan lane 1978 pou riive nan lane 1980, ke li te kite san yon diplòm, Claude-Inga Barbey te patisipe kòm yon imoris apati 1992 nan emisyon ''5 sur 5'' ak ''Les Dicodeurs'' sou Radyo Swis Romande, ansanm ak nan pwogram televizyon Lova Golovtchiner a '', Le Fond de la corbeille'' . Li te fè premye eksperyans teyatral li yo ak [[Philippe Macasdar]].<ref name=":6" /> Nan lane 1996, li te kreye koup Monique ak Roger a avèk Patrick Lapp nan emisyon ''Bergamote'' a (ki te gen ladan li tou Claude Blanc ak Daniel Rausis ). Premye espektak ''Bergamote'' la te fèt nan lane 1998, aprè sa te gen plizyè lòt espektak. ''Bergamote and the Angel'' (prezante nan Théâtre Hébertot nan [[Pari]] nan lane 2000 ), ''Bergamote, the Time of Cherries'' (avèk arive [[Doris Ittig]] an 2004), ''Bergamote, the Modern'' nan lane 2006 (avèk Marc Donet-Monet kòm yon nouvo atis). Se istwa koup sa a ki t ap enspire Guy A. Lepage pou kreye seri televizyon Un gars, une fille. Nan menm lane a, li te patisipe tou nan sitcom ''Vu sous cet angle'' nan Televizyon Swis Romande epi li te kreye yon pwogram radyo, ''Betty'', ki te difize sou Radyo Swis Romande epi ki rakonte istwa yon fanm 45 lane ki ap swiv terapi ak yon [[sikològ]] . [[Doris Ittig]] jwe wòl Betty a epi Claude-Inga Barbey li menm se sikològ li a. === Lanmò li === Claude-Inga Barbey mouri nan maten jou kite 3 janvye nan lane 2026, a 64 lane, akoz yon kansè nan pankreyas yo te dyagnostike li sis mwa anvan. === Konfidansyalite === Claude-Inga Barbey te rete Meyrin.<ref name=":0" /> Li te batize lè li te genyen 45 lane aprè li te santi dezan avan yon prezans ke li te di li te kominike avèk li telepatikman,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9/ils-ont-la-foi-et-ils-le-disent|title=Ils ont la foi et ils le disent|last=Véronique Châtel|date=1.12.2016|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-26}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cath.ch/newsf/claude-inga-barbey-evoque-rencontre-drole-de-type/|title=Claude-Inga Barbey évoque sa rencontre avec un drôle de type – Portail catholique suisse|date=6.12.2016|website=cath.ch|language=fr-FR|access-date=2021-03-26}}</ref> li te yon katolik ki te devwe anpil.<ref name=":0" /> [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] n81alxsif0855vsy4b94zore1kx3p31 889614 889613 2026-10-30T03:06:49Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240243681|Claude-Inga Barbey]] » 889614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=actrice}}'''Claude-Inga Barbey''', fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 nan Jenèv kote li mouri nan jou kite 3 Janvye nan lane 2026, se te yon imoris, [[Aktè|komedyèn]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] [[swis]] . == Biyografi == === Orijin ak fani === Claude-Inga Barbey te fèt nan yon jou kite 21 janvye nan lane 1961 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/p/34093-Claude-Inga-Barbey|title=Claude-Inga Barbey|date=1961-01-21|website=Les Archives du spectacle|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-25}}</ref> nan vil Jenèv nan peyi Laswis nan distri Montbrillant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/personnalit%C3%A9s/rencontre-avec-claude-inga-barbey|title=Rencontre avec Claude - Inga Barbey|last=Nicolas Verdan|date=1.4.2019|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Matant manman li te adopte li lè li te gen twa lane aprè ke yo te fin mete li nan gadri, paran li yo te adikte nan bwè alkòl e nan pran dwòg, yo te abandone li. Li pa gen okenn kontak ak manman byolojik li. Li te sèlman rekonekte avèk li pandan dènye ane nan lavi li, nan lopital la, soti lane 2016 rive lane 2018.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://epaper.cooperation.ch/read/1169/1169/2019-04-29/1|title=« Elles m'ont sauvé la vie », confie Claude-Inga Barbey|last=Laurence de Coulon|date=29.4.2019|page=22 à 25|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref> Gran granpapa li, Paul Mercier, bò kote manman li, te direktè Calvin College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/societe/claude-inga-barbey-la-mort-et-moi-8995|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : la mort et moi|last=Anna Lietti|date=1.12.2024|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> Claude-Inga Barbey se manman kat timoun, yon pitit fi ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 1980, ki pral marye ak pitit gason aktris [[Doris Ittig]],<ref name=":2" /> ak twa pitit gason, dènye a ki fèt nan kòmansman lane 2000 yo,<ref name=":1" />,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.illustre.ch/magazine/claudeinga-barbey-petitefille-ose-nouveau-membrasser|title=Claude-Inga Barbey : « Ma petite-fille ose de nouveau m’embrasser »|last=Patrick Baumann|date=4.6.2020|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-25}}</ref>. Non sivil li se Claude-Inga Barbey-Mercier-Rouiller. Papa premye pitit li a, Jean-Michel Broillet, ke li te marye avèk li epi apre sa li te separe, te mouri nan lane 2017, apre yon machin te frape li nan vil Jenèv la,<ref name=":2" />.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/jean-michel-broillet-pilier-du-theatre-genevois-fauche-sur-un-trottoir-971239303942|title=Jean-Michel Broillet, pilier du théâtre genevois, fauché sur un trottoir|last=Katia Berger|date=2017-05-15|website=|language=fr|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> === Anfans === Pandan anfans li, Claude-Inga Barbey te dekouvri gras ak matant li yo " Marionèt Jenèv yo ", fonde pa Marcelle Moynier, epi pita dirije pa Nicole Chevallier. Li te tèlman fasine pa marionèt sa yo ke pafwa li te konn vòlè lajan nan men matant li yo poul al gade spektak sa yo poukont li nan chato prive sa a, ki te sitiye nan epòk sa a sou ri Constantin. ''Frozen'' te fè yon enpresyon patikilye sou li, epi nan liv li ''a The Sugar Palace'', li sonje avanti li te fè pou l wè marionèt sa yo ak enfliyans yo te genyen sou fason li te fè teyat pita,. === Fòmasyon ak karyè pwofesyonèl ak atistik === Aprè li te fin ale nan Lekòl Siperyè Atizay Dramatik ki nan vil Jenèv la, soti nan lane 1978 pou riive nan lane 1980, ke li te kite san yon diplòm, Claude-Inga Barbey te patisipe kòm yon imoris apati 1992 nan emisyon ''5 sur 5'' ak ''Les Dicodeurs'' sou Radyo Swis Romande, ansanm ak nan pwogram televizyon Lova Golovtchiner a '', Le Fond de la corbeille'' . Li te fè premye eksperyans teyatral li yo ak [[Philippe Macasdar]].<ref name=":6" /> Nan lane 1996, li te kreye koup Monique ak Roger a avèk Patrick Lapp nan emisyon ''Bergamote'' a (ki te gen ladan li tou Claude Blanc ak Daniel Rausis ). Premye espektak ''Bergamote'' la te fèt nan lane 1998, aprè sa te gen plizyè lòt espektak. ''Bergamote and the Angel'' (prezante nan Théâtre Hébertot nan [[Pari]] nan lane 2000 ), ''Bergamote, the Time of Cherries'' (avèk arive [[Doris Ittig]] an 2004), ''Bergamote, the Modern'' nan lane 2006 (avèk Marc Donet-Monet kòm yon nouvo atis). Se istwa koup sa a ki t ap enspire Guy A. Lepage pou kreye seri televizyon Un gars, une fille. Nan menm lane a, li te patisipe tou nan sitcom ''Vu sous cet angle'' nan Televizyon Swis Romande epi li te kreye yon pwogram radyo, ''Betty'', ki te difize sou Radyo Swis Romande epi ki rakonte istwa yon fanm 45 lane ki ap swiv terapi ak yon [[sikològ]] . [[Doris Ittig]] jwe wòl Betty a epi Claude-Inga Barbey li menm se sikològ li a. === Lanmò li === Claude-Inga Barbey mouri nan maten jou kite 3 janvye nan lane 2026, a 64 lane, akoz yon kansè nan pankreyas yo te dyagnostike li sis mwa anvan. === Konfidansyalite === Claude-Inga Barbey te rete Meyrin.<ref name=":0" /> Li te batize lè li te genyen 45 lane aprè li te santi dezan avan yon prezans ke li te di li te kominike avèk li telepatikman,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.generations-plus.ch/?q=magazine/actualit%C3%A9s/soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9/ils-ont-la-foi-et-ils-le-disent|title=Ils ont la foi et ils le disent|last=Véronique Châtel|date=1.12.2016|website=generations-plus.ch|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-26}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cath.ch/newsf/claude-inga-barbey-evoque-rencontre-drole-de-type/|title=Claude-Inga Barbey évoque sa rencontre avec un drôle de type – Portail catholique suisse|date=6.12.2016|website=cath.ch|language=fr-FR|access-date=2021-03-26}}</ref> li te yon katolik ki te devwe anpil.<ref name=":0" /> == Filmografi == === Sinema === * 1981 ''Ogre Barbari'' a pa Pierre Matteuzzi Elèv medikal la * 1983 : ''Lanmò Mario Ricci'' pa [[Claude Goretta]] * 1997 : ''[[L'Année du Capricorne|Ane Kaprikòn nan]]'' reyalize pa Jean-Luc Wey, kote li se senaris ak aktris. [[Kategori:Atik Wikipedya avèk dosye otorite]] amvs5a6tp2ana2il7u3cs0uxooqe9i5 10 97964 889555 2026-10-29T16:22:15Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " <includeonly>{{safesubst:#if: {{subst:rien}} | <h2>{{safesubst:trim|{{{1|}}}}}</h2> | == {{safesubst:trim|{{{1|}}}}} == }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> " 889555 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:#if: {{subst:rien}} | <h2>{{safesubst:trim|{{{1|}}}}}</h2> | == {{safesubst:trim|{{{1|}}}}} == }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 6d1oet9z0e44uldedlmd3h4nyf6z2gd 10 97965 889556 2026-10-29T16:24:06Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " <includeonly>{{safesubst:#switch:{{safesubst:NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 2 | 3 = {{safesubst:#ifeq:{{safesubst:str left|{{safesubst:BASEPAGENAME}}|11}}|~{{safesubst:CURRENTYEAR}}- | Bonjou | {{safesubst:#ifeq:{{safesubst:str left|{{safesubst:BASEPAGENAME}}|11}}|~{{safesubst:#expr:{{safesubst:CURRENTYEAR}}-1}}- | Bonjou | Bonjou {{safesubst:BASEPAGENAME}}}} }} | 10 = Bonjou Itilizatè exanp | #default = Bonjou}}</includeonly... " 889556 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:#switch:{{safesubst:NAMESPACENUMBER}} | 2 | 3 = {{safesubst:#ifeq:{{safesubst:str left|{{safesubst:BASEPAGENAME}}|11}}|~{{safesubst:CURRENTYEAR}}- | Bonjou | {{safesubst:#ifeq:{{safesubst:str left|{{safesubst:BASEPAGENAME}}|11}}|~{{safesubst:#expr:{{safesubst:CURRENTYEAR}}-1}}- | Bonjou | Bonjou {{safesubst:BASEPAGENAME}}}} }} | 10 = Bonjou Itilizatè exanp | #default = Bonjou}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> rt6jr1l6cupt0i0o01pia1vinfbswvk 10 97966 889557 2026-10-29T16:29:50Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " <includeonly>{{safesubst:Antèt mesaj prefòmate| {{safesubst:#if: {{{avant|}}}| {{{avant}}}&#32;}}modifikasyon ou {{safesubst:#ifeq: {{{pluriel|}}}| oui| yo| {{safesubst:#ifeq: {{{pluriel|}}}| non| an| {{safesubst:#if: {{{2|}}}| yo| an}}}}}}{{safesubst:#if: {{{après|}}}| &#32;{{{après}}}}}{{safesubst:#if: {{{1|}}}| {{safesubst:#if: {{{2|}}}| &#32;sou paj yo| &#32;sou paj la}} {{safesubst:multiparamètres| « [[:{{{1}}}]] »| {{safesubst:#if: {{{2|}}}| « [[:{{{2}}}]]... " 889557 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:Antèt mesaj prefòmate| {{safesubst:#if: {{{avant|}}}| {{{avant}}}&#32;}}modifikasyon ou {{safesubst:#ifeq: {{{pluriel|}}}| oui| yo| {{safesubst:#ifeq: {{{pluriel|}}}| non| an| {{safesubst:#if: {{{2|}}}| yo| an}}}}}}{{safesubst:#if: {{{après|}}}| &#32;{{{après}}}}}{{safesubst:#if: {{{1|}}}| {{safesubst:#if: {{{2|}}}| &#32;sou paj yo| &#32;sou paj la}} {{safesubst:multiparamètres| « [[:{{{1}}}]] »| {{safesubst:#if: {{{2|}}}| « [[:{{{2}}}]] »}}| {{safesubst:#if: {{{3|}}}| « [[:{{{3}}}]] »}}| {{safesubst:#if: {{{4|}}}| « [[:{{{4}}}]] »}}| {{safesubst:#if: {{{5|}}}| « [[:{{{5}}}]] »}}}}}} te anile}} {{safesubst:Salitasyon pou mesaj prefòmate}}, {{safesubst:#if: {{{avant|}}}| {{{avant}}}&#32;}}Modifikasyon ou {{safesubst:#ifeq: {{{pluriel|}}}| oui| yo| {{safesubst:#ifeq: {{{pluriel|}}}| non| an| {{safesubst:#if: {{{2|}}}| yo| an}}}}}}{{safesubst:#if: {{{après|}}}| &#32;{{{après}}}}}{{safesubst:#if: {{{1|}}}| {{safesubst:#if: {{{2|}}}| &#32;sou paj yo| &#32;sou paj la}} {{safesubst:multiparamètres| « [[:{{{1}}}]] »| {{safesubst:#if: {{{2|}}}| « [[:{{{2}}}]] »}}| {{safesubst:#if: {{{3|}}}| « [[:{{{3}}}]] »}}| {{safesubst:#if: {{{4|}}}| « [[:{{{4}}}]] »}}| {{safesubst:#if: {{{5|}}}| « [[:{{{5}}}]] »}}}}}} te '''anile''' paske {{safesubst:#ifeq: {{{pluriel|}}}| oui| yo| {{safesubst:#ifeq: {{{pluriel|}}}| non| li| {{safesubst:#if: {{{2|}}}| yo| li}}}}}} pa respekte [[Wikipedya:Wikipedya se yon ansiklopedi|objektif ansiklopedik la]] oswa [[Wikipedya:Règ ak rekòmandasyon|règ Wikipedya yo]]. Si w kontinye fè degradasyon, yon administratè ka [[Wikipedya:Blokaj ekriti|anpeche w ekri]] sou tout Wikipedya. ''Pa ezite mande volontè pou jwenn yon èd pèsonalize, lè w kite yon mesaj sou [[Wikipedya:Akèy nouvo arivan yo|paj akèy nouvo arivan yo]]. Ou kapab tou [[Diskisyon itilizatè:{{safesubst:REVISIONUSER}}|kontakte m]].''<!-- avertissement-niveau-1 --></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> ezaknxzcgoy34dnf2xdvic54gu6kyr5 3 97967 889558 2026-10-29T16:34:52Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " {{Byenvini}}~~~~ {{subst:Modèl:Avètisman vandalism| Krisyanis| Mahomet| pluriel=| avant=| après=}}~~~~ " 889558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byenvini}}[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 29 oktòb 2026 à 16:34 (UTC) <h2>modifikasyon ou yo&#32;sou paj yo <templateStyles src="Modèl:Common/Style.css" /> « [[: Krisyanis]] » ak « [[: Mahomet]] » te anile</h2> Bonjou Thaddeus Addai, Modifikasyon ou yo&#32;sou paj yo <templateStyles src="Modèl:Common/Style.css" /> « [[: Krisyanis]] » ak « [[: Mahomet]] » te '''anile''' paske yo pa respekte [[Wikipedya:Wikipedya se yon ansiklopedi|objektif ansiklopedik la]] oswa [[Wikipedya:Règ ak rekòmandasyon|règ Wikipedya yo]]. Si w kontinye fè degradasyon, yon administratè ka [[Wikipedya:Blokaj ekriti|anpeche w ekri]] sou tout Wikipedya. ''Pa ezite mande volontè pou jwenn yon èd pèsonalize, lè w kite yon mesaj sou [[Wikipedya:Akèy nouvo arivan yo|paj akèy nouvo arivan yo]]. Ou kapab tou [[Diskisyon itilizatè:Kitanago|kontakte m]].''<!-- avertissement-niveau-1 -->[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 29 oktòb 2026 à 16:34 (UTC) f1tc9wzuuvisxlggx7qa8zww1hiovjs 14 97968 889564 2026-10-29T16:59:31Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " {{kategori yon pwopriyete}} " 889564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kategori yon pwopriyete}} iolp85gdz69o8pxx123lkm762a7rdtk 14 97969 889565 2026-10-29T16:59:48Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " {{kategori yon pwopriyete}} " 889565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kategori yon pwopriyete}} iolp85gdz69o8pxx123lkm762a7rdtk 3 97970 889566 2026-10-29T17:02:47Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " {{Byenvini}}~~~~ {{subst:Avètisman vandalism|Mohamed | pluriel=| avant=| après=}}~~~~ " 889566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byenvini}}[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 29 oktòb 2026 à 17:02 (UTC) <h2>modifikasyon ou an&#32;sou paj la <templateStyles src="Modèl:Common/Style.css" /> « [[:Mohamed ]] » te anile</h2> Bonjou AdolfKetle4, Modifikasyon ou an&#32;sou paj la <templateStyles src="Modèl:Common/Style.css" /> « [[:Mohamed ]] » te '''anile''' paske li pa respekte [[Wikipedya:Wikipedya se yon ansiklopedi|objektif ansiklopedik la]] oswa [[Wikipedya:Règ ak rekòmandasyon|règ Wikipedya yo]]. Si w kontinye fè degradasyon, yon administratè ka [[Wikipedya:Blokaj ekriti|anpeche w ekri]] sou tout Wikipedya. ''Pa ezite mande volontè pou jwenn yon èd pèsonalize, lè w kite yon mesaj sou [[Wikipedya:Akèy nouvo arivan yo|paj akèy nouvo arivan yo]]. Ou kapab tou [[Diskisyon itilizatè:Kitanago|kontakte m]].''<!-- avertissement-niveau-1 -->[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 29 oktòb 2026 à 17:02 (UTC) 8qs051fyvuswfkkkkuczbfg5wqs0ksq 889567 889566 2026-10-29T17:03:32Z Kitanago 19629 889567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byenvini}}[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 29 oktòb 2026 à 17:02 (UTC) <h2>modifikasyon ou an&#32;sou paj la <templateStyles src="Modèl:Common/Style.css" /> « [[:Mahomet ]] » te anile</h2> Bonjou AdolfKetle4, Modifikasyon ou an&#32;sou paj la <templateStyles src="Modèl:Common/Style.css" /> « [[:Mohamed ]] » te '''anile''' paske li pa respekte [[Wikipedya:Wikipedya se yon ansiklopedi|objektif ansiklopedik la]] oswa [[Wikipedya:Règ ak rekòmandasyon|règ Wikipedya yo]]. Si w kontinye fè degradasyon, yon administratè ka [[Wikipedya:Blokaj ekriti|anpeche w ekri]] sou tout Wikipedya. ''Pa ezite mande volontè pou jwenn yon èd pèsonalize, lè w kite yon mesaj sou [[Wikipedya:Akèy nouvo arivan yo|paj akèy nouvo arivan yo]]. Ou kapab tou [[Diskisyon itilizatè:Kitanago|kontakte m]].''<!-- avertissement-niveau-1 -->[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 29 oktòb 2026 à 17:02 (UTC) ah2qzvph4o2b67pvzig2e9qexq0jjh8 889568 889567 2026-10-29T17:03:51Z Kitanago 19629 889568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byenvini}}[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 29 oktòb 2026 à 17:02 (UTC) <h2>modifikasyon ou an&#32;sou paj la <templateStyles src="Modèl:Common/Style.css" /> « [[:Mahomet ]] » te anile</h2> Bonjou AdolfKetle4, Modifikasyon ou an&#32;sou paj la <templateStyles src="Modèl:Common/Style.css" /> « [[:Mahomet ]] » te '''anile''' paske li pa respekte [[Wikipedya:Wikipedya se yon ansiklopedi|objektif ansiklopedik la]] oswa [[Wikipedya:Règ ak rekòmandasyon|règ Wikipedya yo]]. Si w kontinye fè degradasyon, yon administratè ka [[Wikipedya:Blokaj ekriti|anpeche w ekri]] sou tout Wikipedya. ''Pa ezite mande volontè pou jwenn yon èd pèsonalize, lè w kite yon mesaj sou [[Wikipedya:Akèy nouvo arivan yo|paj akèy nouvo arivan yo]]. Ou kapab tou [[Diskisyon itilizatè:Kitanago|kontakte m]].''<!-- avertissement-niveau-1 -->[[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 29 oktòb 2026 à 17:02 (UTC) b24fb6xw7ydti4dhpge1ezlw6kcy2k2 0 97971 889582 2026-10-29T23:05:20Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' osinon '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan Aïn-Sefra, Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt [[Swis]] nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] 9r57p9mzuppsgnm4oq3gjcj3b5mmro8 889583 889582 2026-10-29T23:24:37Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' osinon '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan vil Aïn-Sefra nan peyi Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt [[Swis]] nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. Isabelle te grandi ant Meyrin ak Vernier avèk titè li Alexandre Trofinovski, yon ansyen mujik ki t'ap viv an konkibinaj ak manman li epi ki te pwofesè opinyon [[Leon Tolstoi|Tolstoyan]] ak [[Anakizm|anarchis]] epi ki te enfliyanse pa ide Rousseau sou edikasyon timoun yo. Kòm yon moun ki te gen anpil konesans, li te aprann ris, fransè, arab, alman, grèk ak laten tou, epi li te monte chwal trè byen. Nan jenès li, Isabelle Eberhardt te frekante sèk Tik ak anarchis nan Jenèv epi li te abiye ak rad gason pou li te ka lib pou li ale vini jan li vle. Li te montre yon gou byen bonè pou literati, Aljeri ak Islam, li te konvèti nan relijyon sa a nan lane 1897 nan branch Soufi a lè li menm ak manman li te al viv nan Bône nan Aljeri. Li te viv relasyon seksyèl li yo lib epi li te vwayaje atravè Sahara a sou idantite Si Mahmoud, kavalye ak entèlektyèl, li te pibliye atik ak liv sou mond li te dekouvri nan Sahara a, li te kritike otorite kolonyal yo ak antil fòs, epi li te atire mefyans yo. Aprè li te fin siviv yon tantativ asasina nan lane 1901, yo te mete li deyò nan Aljeri. Li te marye ak [[Slimane Ehnni]], yon Mizilman fransè, yon sou ofisye nan Spahis e pitit gason yon enspektè lapolis, nan jou ki te 17 octobre nan lane 1901 . Maryaj la te pèmét li vini fransèz, se sa ki te fè li kapab a rete nan Aljeri. [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] 6d917sati6w4zu5w3k3euri1ohvy0p7 889584 889583 2026-10-29T23:28:56Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' osinon '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan vil Aïn-Sefra nan peyi Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt [[Swis]] nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. Isabelle te grandi ant Meyrin ak Vernier avèk titè li Alexandre Trofinovski, yon ansyen mujik ki t'ap viv an konkibinaj ak manman li epi ki te pwofesè opinyon [[Leon Tolstoi|Tolstoyan]] ak [[Anakizm|anarchis]] epi ki te enfliyanse pa ide Rousseau sou edikasyon timoun yo. Kòm yon moun ki te gen anpil konesans, li te aprann ris, fransè, arab, alman, grèk ak laten tou, epi li te monte chwal trè byen. Nan jenès li, Isabelle Eberhardt te frekante vil Tik ak anarchis nan Jenèv epi li te abiye ak rad gason pou li te ka lib pou li te ka sòti e rantre jan li vle. Li te montre yon gou byen bonè pou literati, Aljeri ak Islam, li te konvèti nan relijyon sa a nan lane 1897 nan branch Soufi a lè li menm ak manman li te al viv nan Bône nan Aljeri. Li te viv relasyon seksyèl li yo lib epi li te vwayaje atravè Sahara a sou idantite Si Mahmoud, kavalye ak entèlektyèl, li te pibliye atik ak liv sou mond li te dekouvri nan Sahara a, li te kritike otorite kolonyal yo ak antil fòs, epi li te atire mefyans yo. Aprè li te fin siviv yon tantativ asasina nan lane 1901, yo te mete li deyò nan Aljeri. Li te marye ak [[Slimane Ehnni]], yon Mizilman fransè, yon sou ofisye nan Spahis e pitit gason yon enspektè lapolis, nan jou ki te 17 octobre nan lane 1901 . Maryaj la te pèmét li vini fransèz, se sa ki te fè li kapab a rete nan Aljeri. [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] q76osey0qeh0frr1rdxs5j2dvj3xxdr 889585 889584 2026-10-29T23:37:35Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' osinon '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan vil Aïn-Sefra nan peyi Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt [[Swis]] nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. Isabelle te grandi ant Meyren ak Venye avèk titè li Alexandre Trofinovski, yon ansyen mujik ki te ap viv an konkibinaj ak manman li epi ki te pwofesè opinyon [[Leon Tolstoi|Tolstoyan]] ak [[Anakizm|anarchis]] epi ki te enfliyanse pa lide Rousseau yo sou edikasyon timoun. Kòm yon moun ki te gen anpil konesans, li te aprann lang ris, fransè, arab, alman, grèk ak laten tou, epi li te monte chwal trè byen. Nan jenès li, Isabelle Eberhardt te frekante andwa tik ak anarchis nan Jenèv epi li te konn abiye ak rad gason pou li te ka lib pou li sòti e rantre jan li vle. Li te montre yon gou byen bonè pou literati, Aljeri ak Islam, li te konvèti nan relijyon sa a nan lane 1897 nan branch Soufi a lè li menm ak manman li te al viv nan Bône nan Aljeri. Li te viv relasyon seksyèl li yo lib epi li te vwayaje atravè Sahara a sou idantite Si Mahmoud, kavalye ak entèlektyèl, li te pibliye atik ak liv sou mond li te dekouvri nan Sahara a, li te kritike otorite kolonyal yo ak anpil fòs, epi li te atire mefyans yo. Aprè li te fin siviv a yon tantativ asasina nan lane 1901, yo te mete li deyò nan Aljeri. Li te marye ak [[Slimane Ehnni]], yon Mizilman fransè, yon sou ofisye nan Spahis e pitit gason yon enspektè lapolis, nan jou ki te 17 octobre nan lane 1901 . Maryaj la te pèmét li vini fransèz, se sa ki te fè li te kapab rete nan peyi Aljeri. [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] g5v7r5w0arsncsm587anxka2ew3nsmg 889587 889585 2026-10-29T23:42:34Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' osinon '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan vil Aïn-Sefra nan peyi Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt [[Swis]] nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. Isabelle te grandi ant Meyren ak Venye avèk titè li Alexandre Trofinovski, yon ansyen mujik ki te ap viv an konkibinaj ak manman li epi ki te pwofesè opinyon [[Leon Tolstoi|Tolstoyan]] ak [[Anakizm|anarchis]] epi ki te enfliyanse pa lide Rousseau yo sou edikasyon timoun. Kòm yon moun ki te gen anpil konesans, li te aprann lang ris, fransè, arab, alman, grèk ak laten tou, epi li te monte chwal trè byen. Nan jenès li, Isabelle Eberhardt te frekante andwa tik ak anarchis nan Jenèv epi li te konn abiye ak rad gason pou li te ka lib pou li sòti e rantre jan li vle. Li te montre yon gou byen bonè pou literati, Aljeri ak Islam, li te konvèti nan relijyon sa a nan lane 1897 nan branch Soufi a lè li menm ak manman li te al viv nan Bône nan Aljeri. Li te viv relasyon seksyèl li yo lib epi li te vwayaje atravè Sahara a sou idantite Si Mahmoud, kavalye ak entèlektyèl, li te pibliye atik ak liv sou mond li te dekouvri nan Sahara a, li te kritike otorite kolonyal yo ak anpil fòs, epi li te atire mefyans yo. Aprè li te fin siviv a yon tantativ asasina nan lane 1901, yo te mete li deyò nan Aljeri. Li te marye ak [[Slimane Ehnni]], yon Mizilman fransè, yon sou ofisye nan Spahis e pitit gason yon enspektè lapolis, nan jou ki te 17 octobre nan lane 1901 . Maryaj la te pèmét li vini fransèz, se sa ki te fè li te kapab rete nan peyi Aljeri. Li pase sèt dènye ane nan lavi li ki se lane 1897 pou rive nan lane 1904, avèk kèk entèripsyon lakay li nan Sid Aljeryen. Li te mouri nan dat 21 octobre 1904, nan Aïn Sefra nan yon inondasyon sibit nan yon wadi. Marshal Lyautey te fè yo fouye kò li ak maniskri li yo pandan plizyè jou, paske li te okouran de valè literè tèks li yo. Li antere nan ti simityè Mizilman Sidi Boudjemaâ nan Aïn Sefra. [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] qp1sylwgbzgpa2df9q2f8fs15ozewp6 889588 889587 2026-10-29T23:47:39Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' osinon '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan vil Aïn-Sefra nan peyi Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt [[Swis]] nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. Isabelle te grandi ant Meyren ak Venye avèk titè li Alexandre Trofinovski, yon ansyen mujik ki te ap viv an konkibinaj ak manman li epi ki te pwofesè opinyon [[Leon Tolstoi|Tolstoyan]] ak [[Anakizm|anarchis]] epi ki te enfliyanse pa lide Rousseau yo sou edikasyon timoun. Kòm yon moun ki te gen anpil konesans, li te aprann lang ris, fransè, arab, alman, grèk ak laten tou, epi li te monte chwal trè byen. Nan jenès li, Isabelle Eberhardt te frekante andwa tik ak anarchis nan Jenèv epi li te konn abiye ak rad gason pou li te ka lib pou li sòti e rantre jan li vle. Li te montre yon gou byen bonè pou literati, Aljeri ak Islam, li te konvèti nan relijyon sa a nan lane 1897 nan branch Soufi a lè li menm ak manman li te al viv nan Bône nan Aljeri. Li te viv relasyon seksyèl li yo lib epi li te vwayaje atravè Sahara a sou idantite Si Mahmoud, kavalye ak entèlektyèl, li te pibliye atik ak liv sou mond li te dekouvri nan Sahara a, li te kritike otorite kolonyal yo ak anpil fòs, epi li te atire mefyans yo. Aprè li te fin siviv a yon tantativ asasina nan lane 1901, yo te mete li deyò nan Aljeri. Li te marye ak [[Slimane Ehnni]], yon Mizilman fransè, yon sou ofisye nan Spahis e pitit gason yon enspektè lapolis, nan jou ki te 17 octobre nan lane 1901 . Maryaj la te pèmét li vini fransèz, se sa ki te fè li te kapab rete nan peyi Aljeri. Li pase sèt dènye ane nan lavi li ki se lane 1897 pou rive nan lane 1904, avèk kèk entèripsyon lakay li nan Sid Aljeryen. Li mouri nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904, nan Aïn Sefra nan yon inondasyon sibit nan yon wadi. Marshal Lyautey te fè chèche kò li ak maniskri li yo pandan plizyè jou, paske li te okouran de valè literè tèks li yo. Li antere nan yon ti simityè Mizilman Sidi Boudjemaâ nan Aïn Sefra [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] hpo91e9zylaeurclqo0t1mnydw8rx97 889589 889588 2026-10-29T23:48:08Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' osinon '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan vil Aïn-Sefra nan peyi Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt [[Swis]] nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. Isabelle te grandi ant Meyren ak Venye avèk titè li Alexandre Trofinovski, yon ansyen mujik ki te ap viv an konkibinaj ak manman li epi ki te pwofesè opinyon [[Leon Tolstoi|Tolstoyan]] ak [[Anakizm|anarchis]] epi ki te enfliyanse pa lide Rousseau yo sou edikasyon timoun. Kòm yon moun ki te gen anpil konesans, li te aprann lang ris, fransè, arab, alman, grèk ak laten tou, epi li te monte chwal trè byen. Nan jenès li, Isabelle Eberhardt te frekante andwa tik ak anarchis nan Jenèv epi li te konn abiye ak rad gason pou li te ka lib pou li sòti e rantre jan li vle. Li te montre yon gou byen bonè pou literati, Aljeri ak Islam, li te konvèti nan relijyon sa a nan lane 1897 nan branch Soufi a lè li menm ak manman li te al viv nan Bône nan Aljeri. Li te viv relasyon seksyèl li yo lib epi li te vwayaje atravè Sahara a sou idantite Si Mahmoud, kavalye ak entèlektyèl, li te pibliye atik ak liv sou mond li te dekouvri nan Sahara a, li te kritike otorite kolonyal yo ak anpil fòs, epi li te atire mefyans yo. Aprè li te fin siviv a yon tantativ asasina nan lane 1901, yo te mete li deyò nan Aljeri. Li te marye ak [[Slimane Ehnni]], yon Mizilman fransè, yon sou ofisye nan Spahis e pitit gason yon enspektè lapolis, nan jou ki te 17 oktob nan lane 1901 . Maryaj la te pèmét li vini fransèz, se sa ki te fè li te kapab rete nan peyi Aljeri. Li pase sèt dènye ane nan lavi li ki se lane 1897 pou rive nan lane 1904, avèk kèk entèripsyon lakay li nan Sid Aljeryen. Li mouri nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904, nan Aïn Sefra nan yon inondasyon sibit nan yon wadi. Marshal Lyautey te fè chèche kò li ak maniskri li yo pandan plizyè jou, paske li te o kouran de valè literè tèks li yo. Li antere nan yon ti simityè Mizilman Sidi Boudjemaâ nan Aïn Sefra [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] 012cv6ka8c2clpuowlu7mfafgpcsvir 889591 889589 2026-10-29T23:54:37Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' osinon '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan vil Aïn-Sefra nan peyi Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt [[Swis]] nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. Isabelle te grandi ant Meyren ak Venye avèk titè li Alexandre Trofinovski, yon ansyen mujik ki te ap viv an konkibinaj ak manman li epi ki te pwofesè opinyon [[Leon Tolstoi|Tolstoyan]] ak [[Anakizm|anarchis]] epi ki te enfliyanse pa lide Rousseau yo sou edikasyon timoun. Kòm yon moun ki te gen anpil konesans, li te aprann lang ris, fransè, arab, alman, grèk ak laten tou, epi li te monte chwal trè byen. Nan jenès li, Isabelle Eberhardt te frekante andwa tik ak anarchis nan Jenèv epi li te konn abiye ak rad gason pou li te ka lib pou li sòti e rantre jan li vle. Li te montre yon gou byen bonè pou literati, Aljeri ak Islam, li te konvèti nan relijyon sa a nan lane 1897 nan branch Soufi a lè li menm ak manman li te al viv nan Bône nan Aljeri. Li te viv relasyon seksyèl li yo lib epi li te vwayaje atravè Sahara a sou idantite Si Mahmoud, kavalye ak entèlektyèl, li te pibliye atik ak liv sou mond li te dekouvri nan Sahara a, li te kritike otorite kolonyal yo ak anpil fòs, epi li te atire mefyans yo. Aprè li te fin siviv a yon tantativ asasina nan lane 1901, yo te mete li deyò nan Aljeri. Li te marye ak [[Slimane Ehnni]], yon Mizilman fransè, yon sou ofisye nan Spahis e pitit gason yon enspektè lapolis, nan jou ki te 17 oktob nan lane 1901 . Maryaj la te pèmét li vini fransèz, se sa ki te fè li te kapab rete nan peyi Aljeri. Li pase sèt dènye ane nan lavi li ki se lane 1897 pou rive nan lane 1904, avèk kèk entèripsyon lakay li nan Sid Aljeryen. Li mouri nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904, nan Aïn Sefra nan yon inondasyon sibit nan yon wadi. Marshal Lyautey te fè chèche kò li ak maniskri li yo pandan plizyè jou, paske li te o kouran de valè literè tèks li yo. Li antere nan yon ti simityè Mizilman Sidi Boudjemaâ nan Aïn Sefra Se Victor Barrucand, ki te pibliye rapò Isabelle Eberhardt yo lè li te vivan, epi kontinye travay literè li yo aprè lanmò aksidantèl li a. == Biyografi == === Anfans === [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] fr6cma9mlxw3fpek66zn3yrgsm8emkr 889592 889591 2026-10-29T23:59:15Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' osinon '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan vil Aïn-Sefra nan peyi Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt [[Swis]] nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. Isabelle te grandi ant Meyren ak Venye avèk titè li Alexandre Trofinovski, yon ansyen mujik ki te ap viv an konkibinaj ak manman li epi ki te pwofesè opinyon [[Leon Tolstoi|Tolstoyan]] ak [[Anakizm|anarchis]] epi ki te enfliyanse pa lide Rousseau yo sou edikasyon timoun. Kòm yon moun ki te gen anpil konesans, li te aprann lang ris, fransè, arab, alman, grèk ak laten tou, epi li te monte chwal trè byen. Nan jenès li, Isabelle Eberhardt te frekante andwa tik ak anarchis nan Jenèv epi li te konn abiye ak rad gason pou li te ka lib pou li sòti e rantre jan li vle. Li te montre yon gou byen bonè pou literati, Aljeri ak Islam, li te konvèti nan relijyon sa a nan lane 1897 nan branch Soufi a lè li menm ak manman li te al viv nan Bône nan Aljeri. Li te viv relasyon seksyèl li yo lib epi li te vwayaje atravè Sahara a sou idantite Si Mahmoud, kavalye ak entèlektyèl, li te pibliye atik ak liv sou mond li te dekouvri nan Sahara a, li te kritike otorite kolonyal yo ak anpil fòs, epi li te atire mefyans yo. Aprè li te fin siviv a yon tantativ asasina nan lane 1901, yo te mete li deyò nan Aljeri. Li te marye ak [[Slimane Ehnni]], yon Mizilman fransè, yon sou ofisye nan Spahis e pitit gason yon enspektè lapolis, nan jou ki te 17 oktob nan lane 1901 . Maryaj la te pèmét li vini fransèz, se sa ki te fè li te kapab rete nan peyi Aljeri. Li pase sèt dènye ane nan lavi li ki se lane 1897 pou rive nan lane 1904, avèk kèk entèripsyon lakay li nan Sid Aljeryen. Li mouri nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904, nan Aïn Sefra nan yon inondasyon sibit nan yon wadi. Marshal Lyautey te fè chèche kò li ak maniskri li yo pandan plizyè jou, paske li te o kouran de valè literè tèks li yo. Li antere nan yon ti simityè Mizilman Sidi Boudjemaâ nan Aïn Sefra Se Victor Barrucand, ki te pibliye rapò Isabelle Eberhardt yo lè li te vivan, epi kontinye travay literè li yo aprè lanmò aksidantèl li a. == Biyografi == === Anfans === Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ge.ch/arvaegconsult/ws/consaeg/public/fiche/imageMenu?display=1&cote=E.C.%20Gen%E8ve%20naissances%2080&image=EC/88264&pages=813|date=1877-02-20|website=Base Adhémar des [[Archives d'État de Genève]]|page=vue 144|access-date=2020-12-31}}.</ref> te fèt 17 fevriye 1877 nan ti vila Fendt nan Jenèv nan katye popilè Grottes la,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bge-geneve.ch/iconographie/oeuvre/vg-n04x04-00011-03|title=Genève, rue de la Pépinière : immeubles et petite villa Fendt|website=Bibliothèque de Genève Iconographie|language=fr|access-date=2023-01-18}}.</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/a-la-poursuite-disabelle-eberhardt-955541017659|title=À la poursuite d’Isabelle Eberhardt|website=Tribune de Genève|language=fr|access-date=2023-04-04}}.</ref> Manman li, Natalia de Moerder, te soti nan yon noblès ris ki gen orijin alman, papa li rete enkoni, men li pwobab ke se te Alexander Trofinovsky. Ipotèz sa a sanble konfime pa lefèt ke siyati yon sèten " Eberhardt, Ali, seksyon St Imier ", pami lòt pèsonaj tankou Bakunin, nan premye chat anarchis Jura a, pibliye nan jou ki te 15 septanb nan lane 1872 . [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] b484djc1ftdfdgvb444lio1v3cvm53u 889593 889592 2026-10-30T00:06:18Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' oubyen '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan peyi Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan Katey Aïn-Sefra nan peyi Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt nan peyi Laswis nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. Isabelle te grandi ant Meyren ak Venye avèk titè li Alexandre Trofinovski, yon ansyen mujik ki te ap viv an konkibinaj ak manman li epi ki te pwofesè opinyon [[Leon Tolstoi|Tolstoyan]] ak [[Anakizm|anarchis]] epi ki te enfliyanse pa lide Rousseau yo sou edikasyon timoun. Kòm yon moun ki te gen anpil konesans, li te aprann lang ris, fransè, arab, alman, grèk ak laten tou, epi li te monte chwal trè byen. Nan jenès li, Isabelle Eberhardt te frekante andwa tik ak anarchis nan Jenèv epi li te konn abiye ak rad gason pou li te ka lib pou li sòti e rantre jan li vle. Li te montre yon gou byen bonè pou literati, Aljeri ak Islam, li te konvèti nan relijyon sa a nan lane 1897 nan branch Soufi a lè li menm ak manman li te al viv nan Bône nan Aljeri. Li te viv relasyon seksyèl li yo lib epi li te vwayaje atravè Sahara a sou idantite Si Mahmoud, kavalye ak entèlektyèl, li te pibliye atik ak liv sou mond li te dekouvri nan Sahara a, li te kritike otorite kolonyal yo ak anpil fòs, epi li te atire mefyans yo. Aprè li te fin siviv a yon tantativ asasina nan lane 1901, yo te mete li deyò nan Aljeri. Li te marye ak [[Slimane Ehnni]], yon Mizilman fransè, yon sou ofisye nan Spahis e pitit gason yon enspektè lapolis, nan jou ki te 17 oktob nan lane 1901 . Maryaj la te pèmét li vini fransèz, se sa ki te fè li te kapab rete nan peyi Aljeri. Li pase sèt dènye ane nan lavi li ki se lane 1897 pou rive nan lane 1904, avèk kèk entèripsyon lakay li nan Sid Aljeryen. Li mouri nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904, nan Aïn Sefra nan yon inondasyon sibit nan yon wadi. Marshal Lyautey te fè chèche kò li ak maniskri li yo pandan plizyè jou, paske li te o kouran de valè literè tèks li yo. Li antere nan yon ti simityè Mizilman Sidi Boudjemaâ nan Aïn Sefra Se Victor Barrucand, ki te pibliye rapò Isabelle Eberhardt yo lè li te vivan, epi kontinye travay literè li yo aprè lanmò aksidantèl li a. == Biyografi == === Anfans === Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ge.ch/arvaegconsult/ws/consaeg/public/fiche/imageMenu?display=1&cote=E.C.%20Gen%E8ve%20naissances%2080&image=EC/88264&pages=813|date=1877-02-20|website=Base Adhémar des [[Archives d'État de Genève]]|page=vue 144|access-date=2020-12-31}}.</ref> te fèt 17 fevriye 1877 nan ti vila Fendt nan Jenèv nan katye popilè Grottes la,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bge-geneve.ch/iconographie/oeuvre/vg-n04x04-00011-03|title=Genève, rue de la Pépinière : immeubles et petite villa Fendt|website=Bibliothèque de Genève Iconographie|language=fr|access-date=2023-01-18}}.</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/a-la-poursuite-disabelle-eberhardt-955541017659|title=À la poursuite d’Isabelle Eberhardt|website=Tribune de Genève|language=fr|access-date=2023-04-04}}.</ref> Manman li, Natalia de Moerder, te soti nan yon noblès ris ki gen orijin alman, papa li rete enkoni, men li pwobab ke se te Alexander Trofinovsky. Ipotèz sa a sanble konfime pa lefèt ke siyati yon sèten " Eberhardt, Ali, seksyon St Imier ", pami lòt pèsonaj tankou Bakunin, nan premye chat anarchis Jura a, pibliye nan jou ki te 15 septanb nan lane 1872 . [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] nckibgz7xvzd8yuqc83xez9yh4vuyef 889594 889593 2026-10-30T00:08:15Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' oubyen '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan peyi Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan Katey Aïn-Sefra nan peyi Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt nan peyi Laswis nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. Isabelle te grandi ant Meyrin ak Venye avèk titè li Alexandre Trofinovski, yon ansyen mujik ki te ap viv an konkibinaj ak manman li epi ki te pwofesè opinyon [[Leon Tolstoi|Tolstoyan]] ak [[Anakizm|anarchis]] epi ki te enfliyanse pa lide Rousseau yo sou edikasyon timoun. Kòm yon moun ki te gen anpil konesans, li te aprann lang ris, fransè, arab, alman, grèk ak laten tou, epi li te monte chwal trè byen. Nan jenès li, Isabelle Eberhardt te frekante andwa tik ak anarchis nan Jenèv epi li te konn abiye ak rad gason pou li te ka lib pou li sòti e rantre jan li vle. Li te montre yon gou byen bonè pou literati, Aljeri ak Islam, li te konvèti nan relijyon sa a nan lane 1897 nan branch Soufi a lè li menm ak manman li te al viv nan Bône nan Aljeri. Li te viv relasyon seksyèl li yo lib epi li te vwayaje atravè Sahara a sou idantite Si Mahmoud, kavalye ak entèlektyèl, li te pibliye atik ak liv sou mond li te dekouvri nan Sahara a, li te kritike otorite kolonyal yo ak anpil fòs, epi li te atire mefyans yo. Aprè li te fin siviv a yon tantativ asasina nan lane 1901, yo te mete li deyò nan Aljeri. Li te marye ak [[Slimane Ehnni]], yon Mizilman fransè, yon sou ofisye nan Spahis e pitit gason yon enspektè lapolis, nan jou ki te 17 oktob nan lane 1901 . Maryaj la te pèmét li vini fransèz, se sa ki te fè li te kapab rete nan peyi Aljeri. Li pase sèt dènye ane nan lavi li ki se lane 1897 pou rive nan lane 1904, avèk kèk entèripsyon lakay li nan Sid Aljeryen. Li mouri nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904, nan Aïn Sefra nan yon inondasyon sibit nan yon wadi. Marshal Lyautey te fè chèche kò li ak maniskri li yo pandan plizyè jou, paske li te o kouran de valè literè tèks li yo. Li antere nan yon ti simityè Mizilman Sidi Boudjemaâ nan Aïn Sefra Se Victor Barrucand, ki te pibliye rapò Isabelle Eberhardt yo lè li te vivan, epi kontinye travay literè li yo aprè lanmò aksidantèl li a. == Biyografi == === Anfans === Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ge.ch/arvaegconsult/ws/consaeg/public/fiche/imageMenu?display=1&cote=E.C.%20Gen%E8ve%20naissances%2080&image=EC/88264&pages=813|date=1877-02-20|website=Base Adhémar des [[Archives d'État de Genève]]|page=vue 144|access-date=2020-12-31}}.</ref> te fèt 17 fevriye 1877 nan ti vila Fendt nan Jenèv nan katye popilè Grottes la,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bge-geneve.ch/iconographie/oeuvre/vg-n04x04-00011-03|title=Genève, rue de la Pépinière : immeubles et petite villa Fendt|website=Bibliothèque de Genève Iconographie|language=fr|access-date=2023-01-18}}.</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/a-la-poursuite-disabelle-eberhardt-955541017659|title=À la poursuite d’Isabelle Eberhardt|website=Tribune de Genève|language=fr|access-date=2023-04-04}}.</ref> Manman li, Natalia de Moerder, te soti nan yon noblès ris ki gen orijin alman, papa li rete enkoni, men li pwobab ke se te Alexander Trofinovsky. Ipotèz sa a sanble konfime pa lefèt ke siyati yon sèten " Eberhardt, Ali, seksyon St Imier ", pami lòt pèsonaj tankou Bakunin, nan premye chat anarchis Jura a, pibliye nan jou ki te 15 septanb nan lane 1872 . [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] 2ip6gqxevwgmuxz249o5jyyi31qwh8p 889595 889594 2026-10-30T00:16:09Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' oubyen '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan peyi Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan Katey Aïn-Sefra nan peyi Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt nan peyi Laswis nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. Isabelle te grandi ant Meyrin ak Venye avèk titè li Alexandre Trofinovski, yon ansyen mujik ki te ap viv an konkibinaj ak manman li epi ki te pwofesè opinyon [[Leon Tolstoi|Tolstoyan]] ak [[Anakizm|anarchis]] epi ki te enfliyanse pa lide Rousseau yo sou edikasyon timoun. Kòm yon moun ki te gen anpil konesans, li te aprann lang ris, fransè, arab, alman, grèk ak laten tou, epi li te monte chwal trè byen. Nan jenès li, Isabelle Eberhardt te frekante andwa tik ak anarchis nan Jenèv epi li te konn abiye ak rad gason pou li te ka lib pou li sòti e rantre jan li vle. Li te montre yon gou byen bonè pou literati, Aljeri ak Islam, li te konvèti nan relijyon sa a nan lane 1897 nan branch Soufi a lè li menm ak manman li te al viv nan Bône nan Aljeri. Li te viv relasyon seksyèl li yo lib epi li te vwayaje atravè Sahara a sou idantite Si Mahmoud, kavalye ak entèlektyèl, li te pibliye atik ak liv sou mond li te dekouvri nan Sahara a, li te kritike otorite kolonyal yo ak anpil fòs, epi li te atire mefyans yo. Aprè li te fin siviv a yon tantativ asasina nan lane 1901, yo te mete li deyò nan Aljeri. Li te marye ak [[Slimane Ehnni]], yon Mizilman fransè, yon sou ofisye nan Spahis e pitit gason yon enspektè lapolis, nan jou ki te 17 oktob nan lane 1901 . Maryaj la te pèmét li vini fransèz, se sa ki te fè li te kapab rete nan peyi Aljeri. Li pase sèt dènye ane nan lavi li ki se lane 1897 pou rive nan lane 1904, avèk kèk entèripsyon lakay li nan Sid Aljeryen. Li mouri nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904, nan Aïn Sefra nan yon inondasyon sibit nan yon wadi. Marshal Lyautey te fè chèche kò li ak maniskri li yo pandan plizyè jou, paske li te o kouran de valè literè tèks li yo. Li antere nan yon ti simityè Mizilman Sidi Boudjemaâ nan Aïn Sefra Se Victor Barrucand, ki te pibliye rapò Isabelle Eberhardt yo lè li te vivan, epi kontinye travay literè li yo aprè lanmò aksidantèl li a. == Biyografi == === Anfans === Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ge.ch/arvaegconsult/ws/consaeg/public/fiche/imageMenu?display=1&cote=E.C.%20Gen%E8ve%20naissances%2080&image=EC/88264&pages=813|date=1877-02-20|website=Base Adhémar des [[Archives d'État de Genève]]|page=vue 144|access-date=2020-12-31}}.</ref> te fèt 17 fevriye 1877 nan ti vila Fendt nan Jenèv nan katye popilè Grottes la,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bge-geneve.ch/iconographie/oeuvre/vg-n04x04-00011-03|title=Genève, rue de la Pépinière : immeubles et petite villa Fendt|website=Bibliothèque de Genève Iconographie|language=fr|access-date=2023-01-18}}.</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/a-la-poursuite-disabelle-eberhardt-955541017659|title=À la poursuite d’Isabelle Eberhardt|website=Tribune de Genève|language=fr|access-date=2023-04-04}}.</ref> Manman li, Natalia de Moerder, te soti nan yon noblès ris ki gen orijin alman, papa li rete enkoni, men li pwobab ke se te Alexander Trofinovsky. Ipotèz sa a sanble konfime pa lefèt ke siyati yon sèten " Eberhardt, Ali, seksyon St Imier ", pami lòt pèsonaj tankou Bakunin, nan premye chat anarchis Jura a, pibliye nan jou ki te 15 septanb nan lane 1872 . Manman li, Natalia Nikolaevna Eberhardt, te fèt nan [[Sen Pitèboug|Saint Petersburg]] nan lane 1838. Papa li te yon konseye nan kolèj, papa li te mouri yon ti tan aprè epi manman Natalia te remarye ak Baron Korff. Nan lane 1858, li te fè aranjman pou maryaj li ak Senatè Pavel Karlovitch de Moerder, ki te gen 61lane, yon vèv ki te deja gen twa timoun {{Sfn|Tavernier|2016|loc={{chap.}}1 {{§|3}}}} . Fanmi Jeneral Moerder a te soti nan noblès la epi yo te bay ofisye nan lame a de jenerasyon an jenerasyon, fidèl ak Tsar la, pasyone pou chwal men san pwopriyete. Yon sans devwa anvè lame a byen anrasinen, epi devyasyon pou plezi pèsonèl yo pa dakò ak sa. Pitit gason jeneral la, sitou Nicolas, pral pwouve fidèl ak sans devwa aristokratik sa a. [[Fichier:Personnalités_des_arts_et_des_lettres_-_Alexandre_Herzen.jpg|vignette| Aleksann Herzen.]] [[Fichier:Bakunin2.jpg|vignette| Mikhail Bakunin. Alexander Trofinovski te zanmi l.]] [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] 16i99on9rk4nnat6z0ufy4j6h7y406v 889596 889595 2026-10-30T00:16:28Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' oubyen '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan peyi Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan Katey Aïn-Sefra nan peyi Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt nan peyi Laswis nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. Isabelle te grandi ant Meyrin ak Venye avèk titè li Alexandre Trofinovski, yon ansyen mujik ki te ap viv an konkibinaj ak manman li epi ki te pwofesè opinyon [[Leon Tolstoi|Tolstoyan]] ak [[Anakizm|anarchis]] epi ki te enfliyanse pa lide Rousseau yo sou edikasyon timoun. Kòm yon moun ki te gen anpil konesans, li te aprann lang ris, fransè, arab, alman, grèk ak laten tou, epi li te monte chwal trè byen. Nan jenès li, Isabelle Eberhardt te frekante andwa tik ak anarchis nan Jenèv epi li te konn abiye ak rad gason pou li te ka lib pou li sòti e rantre jan li vle. Li te montre yon gou byen bonè pou literati, Aljeri ak Islam, li te konvèti nan relijyon sa a nan lane 1897 nan branch Soufi a lè li menm ak manman li te al viv nan Bône nan Aljeri. Li te viv relasyon seksyèl li yo lib epi li te vwayaje atravè Sahara a sou idantite Si Mahmoud, kavalye ak entèlektyèl, li te pibliye atik ak liv sou mond li te dekouvri nan Sahara a, li te kritike otorite kolonyal yo ak anpil fòs, epi li te atire mefyans yo. Aprè li te fin siviv a yon tantativ asasina nan lane 1901, yo te mete li deyò nan Aljeri. Li te marye ak [[Slimane Ehnni]], yon Mizilman fransè, yon sou ofisye nan Spahis e pitit gason yon enspektè lapolis, nan jou ki te 17 oktob nan lane 1901 . Maryaj la te pèmét li vini fransèz, se sa ki te fè li te kapab rete nan peyi Aljeri. Li pase sèt dènye ane nan lavi li ki se lane 1897 pou rive nan lane 1904, avèk kèk entèripsyon lakay li nan Sid Aljeryen. Li mouri nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904, nan Aïn Sefra nan yon inondasyon sibit nan yon wadi. Marshal Lyautey te fè chèche kò li ak maniskri li yo pandan plizyè jou, paske li te o kouran de valè literè tèks li yo. Li antere nan yon ti simityè Mizilman Sidi Boudjemaâ nan Aïn Sefra Se Victor Barrucand, ki te pibliye rapò Isabelle Eberhardt yo lè li te vivan, epi kontinye travay literè li yo aprè lanmò aksidantèl li a. == Biyografi == === Anfans === Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ge.ch/arvaegconsult/ws/consaeg/public/fiche/imageMenu?display=1&cote=E.C.%20Gen%E8ve%20naissances%2080&image=EC/88264&pages=813|date=1877-02-20|website=Base Adhémar des [[Archives d'État de Genève]]|page=vue 144|access-date=2020-12-31}}.</ref> te fèt 17 fevriye 1877 nan ti vila Fendt nan Jenèv nan katye popilè Grottes la,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bge-geneve.ch/iconographie/oeuvre/vg-n04x04-00011-03|title=Genève, rue de la Pépinière : immeubles et petite villa Fendt|website=Bibliothèque de Genève Iconographie|language=fr|access-date=2023-01-18}}.</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/a-la-poursuite-disabelle-eberhardt-955541017659|title=À la poursuite d’Isabelle Eberhardt|website=Tribune de Genève|language=fr|access-date=2023-04-04}}.</ref> Manman li, Natalia de Moerder, te soti nan yon noblès ris ki gen orijin alman, papa li rete enkoni, men li pwobab ke se te Alexander Trofinovsky. Ipotèz sa a sanble konfime pa lefèt ke siyati yon sèten " Eberhardt, Ali, seksyon St Imier ", pami lòt pèsonaj tankou Bakunin, nan premye chat anarchis Jura a, pibliye nan jou ki te 15 septanb nan lane 1872 . ==== Natalia de Moerder ==== Manman li, Natalia Nikolaevna Eberhardt, te fèt nan [[Sen Pitèboug|Saint Petersburg]] nan lane 1838. Papa li te yon konseye nan kolèj, papa li te mouri yon ti tan aprè epi manman Natalia te remarye ak Baron Korff. Nan lane 1858, li te fè aranjman pou maryaj li ak Senatè Pavel Karlovitch de Moerder, ki te gen 61lane, yon vèv ki te deja gen twa timoun {{Sfn|Tavernier|2016|loc={{chap.}}1 {{§|3}}}} . Fanmi Jeneral Moerder a te soti nan noblès la epi yo te bay ofisye nan lame a de jenerasyon an jenerasyon, fidèl ak Tsar la, pasyone pou chwal men san pwopriyete. Yon sans devwa anvè lame a byen anrasinen, epi devyasyon pou plezi pèsonèl yo pa dakò ak sa. Pitit gason jeneral la, sitou Nicolas, pral pwouve fidèl ak sans devwa aristokratik sa a. [[Fichier:Personnalités_des_arts_et_des_lettres_-_Alexandre_Herzen.jpg|vignette| Aleksann Herzen.]] [[Fichier:Bakunin2.jpg|vignette| Mikhail Bakunin. Alexander Trofinovski te zanmi l.]] [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] 84v18t0omq1aj9i0b2jn1lp89139fnm 889597 889596 2026-10-30T00:17:46Z Micharde 40861 Li kreye pa tradui paj « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/240183107|Isabelle Eberhardt]] » 889597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2|charte=écrivain|image=Isabelle Eberhardt.jpg|légende=Isabelle Eberhardt en 1895<br>(photo Louis David).|nationalité=[[Suisse]], [[France|française]]|Religion=[[Islam]], [[soufisme]]}}'''Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt''', yo rele tou '''Si Mahmoud''' oubyen '''Mahoud Saadi,''' fèt nan jou ki te 17 fevriye nan lane 1877 nan peyi Jenèv epi mouri aksidantèlman nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904 nan Katey Aïn-Sefra nan peyi Aljeri, se te yon eksploratris, [[jounalis]] ak [[Ekriven|ekrivèn]] ki te fèt nan peyi Laswis nan yon fanmi ki gen orijin Ris, epi ki te vin [[Frans|fransèz]] pa maryaj. Isabelle te grandi ant Meyrin ak Venye avèk titè li Alexandre Trofinovski, yon ansyen mujik ki te ap viv an konkibinaj ak manman li epi ki te pwofesè opinyon [[Leon Tolstoi|Tolstoyan]] ak [[Anakizm|anarchis]] epi ki te enfliyanse pa lide Rousseau yo sou edikasyon timoun. Kòm yon moun ki te gen anpil konesans, li te aprann lang ris, fransè, arab, alman, grèk ak laten tou, epi li te monte chwal trè byen. Nan jenès li, Isabelle Eberhardt te frekante andwa tik ak anarchis nan Jenèv epi li te konn abiye ak rad gason pou li te ka lib pou li sòti e rantre jan li vle. Li te montre yon gou byen bonè pou literati, Aljeri ak Islam, li te konvèti nan relijyon sa a nan lane 1897 nan branch Soufi a lè li menm ak manman li te al viv nan Bône nan Aljeri. Li te viv relasyon seksyèl li yo lib epi li te vwayaje atravè Sahara a sou idantite Si Mahmoud, kavalye ak entèlektyèl, li te pibliye atik ak liv sou mond li te dekouvri nan Sahara a, li te kritike otorite kolonyal yo ak anpil fòs, epi li te atire mefyans yo. Aprè li te fin siviv a yon tantativ asasina nan lane 1901, yo te mete li deyò nan Aljeri. Li te marye ak [[Slimane Ehnni]], yon Mizilman fransè, yon sou ofisye nan Spahis e pitit gason yon enspektè lapolis, nan jou ki te 17 oktob nan lane 1901 . Maryaj la te pèmét li vini fransèz, se sa ki te fè li te kapab rete nan peyi Aljeri. Li pase sèt dènye ane nan lavi li ki se lane 1897 pou rive nan lane 1904, avèk kèk entèripsyon lakay li nan Sid Aljeryen. Li mouri nan jou ki te 21 oktob nan lane 1904, nan Aïn Sefra nan yon inondasyon sibit nan yon wadi. Marshal Lyautey te fè chèche kò li ak maniskri li yo pandan plizyè jou, paske li te o kouran de valè literè tèks li yo. Li antere nan yon ti simityè Mizilman Sidi Boudjemaâ nan Aïn Sefra Se Victor Barrucand, ki te pibliye rapò Isabelle Eberhardt yo lè li te vivan, epi kontinye travay literè li yo aprè lanmò aksidantèl li a. == Biyografi == === Anfans === Isabelle Wilhelmine Marie Eberhardt <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ge.ch/arvaegconsult/ws/consaeg/public/fiche/imageMenu?display=1&cote=E.C.%20Gen%E8ve%20naissances%2080&image=EC/88264&pages=813|date=1877-02-20|website=Base Adhémar des [[Archives d'État de Genève]]|page=vue 144|access-date=2020-12-31}}.</ref> te fèt 17 fevriye 1877 nan ti vila Fendt nan Jenèv nan katye popilè Grottes la,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bge-geneve.ch/iconographie/oeuvre/vg-n04x04-00011-03|title=Genève, rue de la Pépinière : immeubles et petite villa Fendt|website=Bibliothèque de Genève Iconographie|language=fr|access-date=2023-01-18}}.</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tdg.ch/a-la-poursuite-disabelle-eberhardt-955541017659|title=À la poursuite d’Isabelle Eberhardt|website=Tribune de Genève|language=fr|access-date=2023-04-04}}.</ref> Manman li, Natalia de Moerder, te soti nan yon noblès ris ki gen orijin alman, papa li rete enkoni, men li pwobab ke se te Alexander Trofinovsky. Ipotèz sa a sanble konfime pa lefèt ke siyati yon sèten " Eberhardt, Ali, seksyon St Imier ", pami lòt pèsonaj tankou Bakunin, nan premye chat anarchis Jura a, pibliye nan jou ki te 15 septanb nan lane 1872 . ==== Natalia de Moerder ==== Manman li, Natalia Nikolaevna Eberhardt, te fèt nan [[Sen Pitèboug|Saint Petersburg]] nan lane 1838. Papa li te yon konseye nan kolèj, papa li te vin mouri yon ti tan aprè epi manman Natalia te remarye ak Baron Korff. Nan lane 1858, li te fè aranjman pou maryaj li ak Senatè Pavel Karlovitch de Moerder, ki te gen 61lane, yon vèv ki te deja gen twa timoun {{Sfn|Tavernier|2016|loc={{chap.}}1 {{§|3}}}} . Fanmi Jeneral Moerder a te soti nan noblès la epi yo te bay ofisye nan lame a de jenerasyon an jenerasyon, fidèl ak Tsar la, pasyone pou chwal men san pwopriyete. Yon sans devwa anvè lame a byen anrasinen, epi devyasyon pou plezi pèsonèl yo pa dakò ak sa. Pitit gason jeneral la, sitou Nicolas, pral pwouve fidèl ak sans devwa aristokratik sa a. [[Fichier:Personnalités_des_arts_et_des_lettres_-_Alexandre_Herzen.jpg|vignette| Aleksann Herzen.]] [[Fichier:Bakunin2.jpg|vignette| Mikhail Bakunin. Alexander Trofinovski te zanmi l.]] [[Kategori:Ekrivèn vwayajez]] [[Kategori:Mizilman]] [[Kategori:Oryantalis Swis]] pjxyqt23ktyc5yf7rthejmr9m9xmss3 3 97972 889605 2026-10-30T02:30:24Z Kitanago 19629 Paj ki kreye ak " {{Byenvini}} ~~~~ " 889605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Byenvini}} [[Itilizatè:Kitanago|Kitanago]] ([[Diskisyon Itilizatè:Kitanago|diskisyon]]) 30 oktòb 2026 à 02:30 (UTC) m7mowtdspxphq2b9qgcocfgl9ml7wu6