Wikipedia ibawiki https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambar_Keterubah MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.26 first-letter Media Spesyel Randau Penggena Randau penggena Wikipedia Randau Wikipedia Fail Randau fail MediaWiki Randau MediaWiki Templat Randau templat Bantu Randau bantu Kategori Randau kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modul Randau modul Acara Perbincangan acara 10 315 18767 755 2026-04-30T02:03:07Z Song GK 9 18767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | abovestyle = background-color:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{Type|{{{type|}}}}}}}} | artery = pink | bone = whitesmoke | brain = lemonchiffon | cell = beige | embryology = thistle | ligament = <nowiki>#</nowiki>E0E0E0 | lymph = lightgreen | micro = beige | muscle = antiquewhite | nerve = lemonchiffon | neuron = lemonchiffon | vein = lightblue | #default = dimgray; color: white }} | headerstyle = background-color: #efefef | labelstyle = padding-right:0.25em | captionstyle = | above = {{{Name|{{{name|<noinclude>Anatomical structure</noinclude>}}}}}} | image = 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[[Anatomical terminology]] | #default = [[Anatomical terminology]] }}<div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">&#91;[[d:{{#invoke:Wikidata|pageId}}|edit on Wikidata]]]</small></div> }}{{Main other|{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Kategori:Anatomy infobox template using unsupported parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]|preview=Page using [[Templat:Infobox anatomy]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| acronym | Acronym | action | Action | afferents | Alt | alt | alt2 | Alt2 | Antagonist | artery | Artery | Articulation | articulations | Articulations | blood | Blood | Branchfrom | BranchFrom | Branchto | BranchTo | Caption | caption | caption2 | Caption2 | CarnegieStage | components | Components | days | Days | Decussation | DrainsFrom | Drainsfrom | Drainsto | DrainsTo | efferents | FiberType | FMA | From | function | Function | gives_rise_to | GivesRiseTo | Greek | Image | image | image_size | Image2 | image2 | image2_size | Innervates | Insertion | insertion | insertions | Insertions | is_part_of | IsPartOf | Latin | Location | location | Lymph | lymph | morphology | Name | name | nerve | Nerve | neurotransmitter | Origin | origin | origins | Origins | part_of | Part_of | PartOf | precursor | Precursor | pronunciation | Pronunciation | Source | source | Supplies | synonym | Synonym | Synonyms | synonyms | System | system | TA98 | TE | TH | To | type | Type | Vein | vein | Width | Width2 }}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> i3xk85ef0cio07hi7s8cs3e82r59xr8 0 1673 18751 17858 2026-04-30T01:28:05Z Song GK 9 /* Lumba */ 18751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Kuching | official_name = Mengeri Kuching<br />{{Lang|ms|{{Nobold|Bandar Raya Kuching}}}} | settlement_type = [[Ripih indu nengeri ba Malaysia|Indu nengeri]] enggau [[Ripih indu nengeri ba Malaysia#Indu pelilih Menua|Indu pelilih menua]] | translit_lang1 = Other | translit_lang1_type1 = [[Urup Jawi|Jawi]] | translit_lang1_info1 = {{Script/Arabic|کوچيڠ}} | translit_lang1_type2 = [[Jaku Cina|Cina]] | translit_lang1_info2 = {{Lang|zh-hans|古晋}} {{Font|size=70%|([[Simplified Chinese characters|Simplified]])}}<br />{{Lang|zh-hant|古晉}} {{Font|size=70%|([[Traditional Chinese characters|Traditional]])}}<br />''Gǔjìn'' {{Font|size=70%|([[Hanyu Pinyin]])}} | image_skyline = {{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 290 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = Kuching Skyline.jpg | image2 = The Sarawak State Museum, Kuching, Malaysia.JPG | image3 = Fort Margherita in Kuching sarawak.jpg | image4 = Astana Sarawak.JPG | width4 = 142 | height4 = 90 | image5 = New Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Building from Darul Hana Bridge, Kuching, Sarawak.jpg | image6 = Chinatown welcome gate at Jalan Padungan, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.jpg | image7 = Kuching Cat Statue - 01.JPG }} | image_caption = '''From top, left to right:'''<br>Kuching skyline from [[Sungai Sarawak]], the [[Sarawak State Museum]], [[Fort Margherita]], [[The Astana, Sarawak|The Astana]], the Darul Hana bridge near [[New Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Building|State Assembly building]], [[Chinatown, Kuching|Chinatown]], and iconic cat statues. | image_flag = | image_seal = Seal of North Kuching.svg | seal_size = 80px | seal_type = Commission of the City of Kuching North | image_blank_emblem = Seal of South Kuching.svg | blank_emblem_size = 80px | blank_emblem_type = Kunsil Nengeri Kuching Selatan | image_map = {{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=275|zoom=10}} | map_caption = Location of Kuching in Sarawak | pushpin_map = #Malaysia Sarawak#Malaysia#Southeast Asia#Asia | pushpin_mapsize = 275 | coordinates = {{Coord|01|33|27|N|110|20|38|E|region:MY|display=inline,title}} | nickname = "Cat City", <br />Bandaraya Perpaduan {{Small|(City of Unity)}} | motto = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{Flag|Malaysia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Negeri enggau Menua Federal ba Malaysia|Negeri]] | subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|Sarawak}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Begian ba Malaysia|Begian]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Begian Kuching|Kuching]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Pelilih Menua ba Malaysia|Pelilih Menua]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Pelilih Menua Kuching|Kuching]] | established_title = Ditubuhka [[Kesultanan Brunei]] | established_date = 1827 | established_title1 = Diperintah [[James Brooke]] | established_date1 = 18 Ogos 1842 | established_title2 = Status munisipaliti | established_date2 = 1 Januari 1953 | established_title3 = Status nengeri | established_date3 = 1 Ogos 1988 | government_type = [[Ripih Perintah Lokal ba Malaysia|Kunsil Nengeri]] | governing_body = [[Kuching North City Hall|Commission of Kuching North City Hall]] <br />[[Kuching South City Council|Council of the City of Kuching South]] | leader_title1 = Mayor of Kuching North | leader_name1 = Hilmy Othman | leader_title2 = Mayor of Kuching South | leader_name2 = Wee Hong Seng | total_type = City of Kuching | area_footnotes = <ref name=DBKUmayor>{{Cite web |url=http://www.epu.gov.my/documents/10124/3ac682bf-0fe7-4f86-b369-d591d37ecd4b |title=Briefing By The Mayor of Kuching North |publisher=Economic Planning Unit (Prime Minister's Department Malaysia) |work=Kuching North City Hall |access-date=19 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219201625/http://www.epu.gov.my/documents/10124/3ac682bf-0fe7-4f86-b369-d591d37ecd4b |archive-date=19 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 450.02 | area_metro_km2 = 2770.90 | area_blank1_title = Kuching North | area_blank1_km2 = 378.20 | area_blank2_title = Kuching South | area_blank2_km2 = 71.82 | elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuching, Malaysia - Weather History and Climate Data |url=http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N01E110+2100+96413W |publisher=World Climate |access-date=28 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201225640/http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N01E110%2B2100%2B96413W |archive-date=1 December 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.floodmap.net/elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=1735634 |title=Malaysia Elevation Map (Elevation of Kuching) |publisher=Flood Map : Water Level Elevation Map |access-date=22 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822155012/http://www.floodmap.net/elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=1735634 |archive-date=22 August 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | elevation_m = 8 | elevation_max_footnotes = <ref name=Santubong/> | elevation_max_m = 810.2 | elevation_min_footnotes = | elevation_min_m = 0 | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/malaysia-population/ |date=4 February 2019 |title=Malaysia Population 2019 |access-date=19 April 2019 |publisher=World Population Review}}</ref> | population_total = 402,738 | population_as_of = 2021 | population_density_km2 = 754.33 | population_density_sq_mi = <!-- Leave blank. Value will be auto-converted. --> | population_metro = 723,854 | population_density_metro_km2 = 336.8 | population_blank1_title = [[List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities|Demonym]] | population_blank1 = Kuchingite / Orang Kuching | population_note = (''Sourced from Department of Statistics Malaysia (DoSM), 2022'') | timezone1 = [[Malaysian Standard Time|MST]] | utc_offset1 = +8 | timezone1_DST = Not observed | utc_offset1_DST = +8 | postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Malaysia|Postal code]] | postal_code = 93xxx | blank_name = [[Telephone numbers in Malaysia|Area code(s)]] | blank_info = 082 (landline only) | blank1_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of Malaysia|Vehicle registration]] | blank1_info = QA and QK {{Small|(kena semua perengka jalai kechuali teksi)}} <br /> HQ {{Small|(kena teksi aja)}} | website = Kuching North: {{URL|https://dbku.sarawak.gov.my/}}<br />Kuching South: {{URL|https://mbks.sarawak.gov.my/}} }} '''Kuching''' tauka '''Nengeri Kuching''' ([[Urup Jawi]]: كوچيڠ) ianya, indu nengeri sereta bandaraya ti pemadu besai ba Sarawak ti bepalan ba Malaysia Timur. Nengeri tu mega nyadi indu [[Begian Kuching]]. Nengeri tu bepalan ba Sungai Sarawak ba ujung barat daya negeri [[Sarawak]] ba pulau [[Borneo]] ti nyengkaum pemesai 431 kilometer persegi (166 bt²) enggau pemayuh orang urung 631,000. <ref>[https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/206412/kuching/population Kuching, Malaysia Metro Area Population 1950-2022] Diambi maya 28 September 2022 </ref> Kuching nyadi indu nengeri Sarawak ketiga maya taun 1827 iya nya jemah perintah [[Empayar Brunei]]. Dalam taun 1841, Kuching nyadi indu [[Perintah Sarawak]] sepengudah kandang menua ba kandang menua nya diserahka ngagai [[James Brooke]] ketegal ti udah mantu empayar Brunei dalam ngemuntanka sebengkah penyarut kelebih agi ari raban bansa [[Bidayuh]] ti diau di pedalaman Borneo ti udah nya nyadi nembiak taluk iya sepengudah mayuh sida diampun iya lalu enggau sepiak iya. Nengeri tu terus nerima perati enggau pemansang maya perintah [[Charles Brooke]] baka ngaga sistem sanitasyen, sepital, rumah jil, kubu, enggau bazar. Dalam taun 1941, perintah Brooke bisi ngatur Pengerami Seratus Taun di Kuching. Maya [[Perang Dunya Kedua]], Kuching dipegai soldadu Jepun ari taun 1942 ngagai 1945. Perintah Jepun numbuhka [[Kem Batu Lintang]] semak Kuching, endur ngetan orang tangkap perang enggau orang awam ke ditan. Udah perang, nengeri nya mengkang idup. Taja pia, Rajah Sarawak ke penudi iya nya Sir [[Charles Vyner Brooke]] mutuska deka nyerahka Sarawak nyadi sebagi ari Koloni Mahkota British dalam taun 1946 suba. Kuching mengkang nyadi indu nengeri maya jeman Koloni Mahkota. Pengudah [[Malaysia]] ditumbuhka dalam taun 1963, Kuching mengkang ngetanka status indu nengeri lalu diberi status mengeri besai dalam taun 1988. Kenyau ari nya, nengeri Kuching dibagi ngagai dua pelilih menua perintah ti diatur dua bengkah opis ke bebida Mohd Azri Bin Subohi. Pusat perintah nengeri Sarawak bepalan ba Wisma Bapa Malaysia, Kuching. Mengeri Kuching sebuah palan ke besai endur begigaka pemakai sereta nyadi kaban Rangkaian Bandar Kreatif UNESCO ari baruh bidang gastronomi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuching {{!}} Creative Cities Network |url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/kuching |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=en.unesco.org}}</ref> Mengeri Kuching mega nyadi pintu penama besai ngagai bala pejalai nemuai ngagai Sarawak enggau Borneo.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2017/jan/21/kuching-borneo-malaysia-city-guide-hotels-restaurants-bars |title=Kuching, Malaysia: what to see plus the best restaurants, hotels and bars |author=John Brunton |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=21 January 2017 |access-date=31 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231004516/https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2017/jan/21/kuching-borneo-malaysia-city-guide-hotels-restaurants-bars |archive-date=31 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Taman Negara Tanah Paya Kuching bepalan urung 30 km (19 batu) ari nengeri tu lalu mayuh palan dagang temuai bukai di dalam enggau ngelingi Kuching baka Taman Negara Bako, Palan Jelu Siga Semenggoh, [[Pesta Muzik Dunya Kampung Ujan]] (RWMF), [[Begunan DUN Sarawak|begunan DUN]], Astana, Fort Margherita, [[Muzium Mayau Kuching]], enggau [[Muzium Negeri Sarawak]] / Muzium Budaya Borneo. Nengeri tu udah nyadi siti ari palan industri enggau dagang besai di Malaysia Timur.<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Raymond Frederick Watters |author2=T. G. McGee |title=Asia-Pacific: New Geographies of the Pacific Rim |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x6FBojYl4vsC&pg=PA311 |date=1997 |publisher=Hurst & Company |isbn=978-1-85065-321-9 |pages=311–}}</ref><ref name="Group2008">{{Cite book |collaboration=Oxford Business Group |title=The Report: Sarawak 2008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Eb81MjvJngC&pg=PA69 |date=2008 |publisher=Oxford Business Group |isbn=978-1-902339-95-5 |pages=30, 56, 69 & 136}}</ref> ==Nama== Nama "Kuching" udah dikena nengeri tu maya penatai James Brook ba taun 1839.<ref name="RingSalkin1996"/><ref name="RingWatson2012"/> Mayuh amat teori pasal penatai nama "Kuching". Iya engka datai ari leka [[jaku Melayu]] "kucing" ke mai reti mayau, tauka ari Cochin, sebengkah palan penyangkai kapal dagang India ba Pantai Malabar enggau leka jaku suah dikena di China enggau India British ke mai reti pelabuhan dagang.<ref name="RingSalkin1996"/> Sekeda artifak Hindu ulih dipeda sehari tu ba [[Muzium Negeri Sarawak]].<ref name=Kuchingname>{{Cite web |title=Origin of Name - Kuching |url=http://www.ata.my/swk_origin.php |website=Asia Tourism Alliance |access-date=4 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204143557/http://www.ata.my/swk_origin.php |archive-date=4 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Taja pia, malin bukai ngeripotka mengeri Kuching sebedau tu dikelala enggau nama “Sarawak” sebedau Brooke datai. Genturung pendiau nya diberi nama baru ngagai "Sarawak proper" maya pengerembai perintah. Baru dalam taun 1872 Charles Brooke nukar nama genturung pendiau nya ngagai "Kuching".<ref name=Kuchingname/><ref>Rowthorn C, Cohen M, Williams C. (2008). In ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vvXoC8F5Oq0C&dq=James+Brooke+named+Kuching+Sarawak&pg=PA162 Borneo. Ediz. Inglese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216135701/https://books.google.com/books?id=vvXoC8F5Oq0C&pg=PA162&dq=James+Brooke+named+Kuching+Sarawak&hl=en&sa=X&ei=dPXRVN2mOcaUuAT604LYDQ&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=James%20Brooke%20named%20Kuching%20Sarawak&f=false|date=16 December 2022}}''. [[Lonely Planet]]. p. 162. Google Book Search. Retrieved 4 February 2015.</ref> Bisi siti teori ti enda tentu bepelasarka cherita pasal salah komunikasyen. Kenu ku jerita nya, James Brooke datai di Kuching ngena kapal layar iya ''Royalist''. Iya lalu nanya orang asal endur nya iya pasal nama nengeri nya. Orang nya salah ngumbai Brooke nunjuk ngagai siku mayau, lalu nyebut leka jaku "Kuching". Penyalah teori tu iya nya orang Melayu Sarawak ngena leka jaku "pusak" ungkup mayau.<ref name=Kuchingname/> Taja pan bisi bida asal penatai nama tu, peranak Sarawak udah ngambi jelu nya nyadika lambang mengeri sida, lalu iya bisi ayan dalam patung sereta mega lambang kaunsil perbandaran - chunto canting heraldik. Sekeda malin madahka asal nama nengeri tu datai ari buah "mata kucing" (''Euphoria malaiense''),<ref group="note">{{Cite web |url=http://www.darwin.nt.gov.au/sites/default/files/Mata%20Kucing.pdf |title=Mata Kucing is a close relative of Longan (Euphoria longana). |access-date=6 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319201454/http://www.darwin.nt.gov.au/sites/default/files/Mata%20Kucing.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="etymology" group="note">{{Cite web |url=http://www.doa.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/download_show.php?id=540 |title=Mata Kucing is similar to that of Longan fruit. |access-date=6 June 2014 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215543/http://www.doa.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/download_show.php?id=540 |url-status=dead}}</ref> siti buah ti mayuh tumbuh ba menua Malaysia enggau Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.philstar.com/modern-living/727589/truly-cool-kuching |title=Truly cool Kuching |newspaper=[[The Philippine Star]] |date=17 September 2011 |access-date=6 June 2014 |author=Paulo Alcazaren |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606073025/http://www.philstar.com/modern-living/727589/truly-cool-kuching |archive-date=6 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bisi mega siti bukit ba nengeri nya ke diberi nama buah nya, iya nya dikumbai Bukit Mata Kuching. [[Harriette McDougall]] nulis ngagai anak iya dalam abad ke-19, madahka nama nya datai ari batang ai ti sama nama, dikumbai “Sungai Kuching”.<ref name="RingSalkin1996"/><ref>{{Cite book |author=Sarawak Museum |title=A brief history of Kuching |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a4BuAAAAMAAJ |date=1993 |publisher=Sarawak Museum}}</ref> Ba lambar 64 dalam bup Bampfylde enggau Baring-Gould taun 1909 ‘A History of Sarawak under its Two White Rajahs’, ditulis: “Kuching, indu nengeri Sarawak, dikumbai baka nya ari sungai mit ti mansa nengeri tu ngagai sungai besai.” …” Batang ai nya bepalan ba kaki Bukit Mata Kuching enggau ba mua Kuil Tua Pek Kong. Dalam taun 1950-an, sungai tu nyadi enda dalam amat laban bisi deposit lumpur ba sungai nya. Sungai nya udah nya diisi ngambika bisi jalai alun.<ref name=Kuchingname/> Bisi teori bukai madahka asal nama Kuching datai ari leka jaku China "Ku" (古)- Lama enggau "Ching" (井) - Telaga ke nyadi "telaga lama" (古井) dalam jaku China. Maya perintah Brooke, nadai bekal ai lalu penyakit ke dibai ai suah nyadi. Dalam taun 1888, epidemik nyadi ti udah nya dikelala enggau nama "Epidemik Kolera Besai". Sebuah telaga ke bepalan ba China Street kemaya hari tu di Main Bazaar mantu ngelaban penyakit nya nengah chara nyendiaka bekal ai beresi. Berindik ari peminta bekal ai ti majak nambah, pengawa telaga nya udah nya diganti enggau palan meresi ai ba Jalai Bau.<ref name=Kuchingname/><ref>Francis Chan, The Borneo Post, 1 September 2013</ref> ==Sejarah== {{Further|Sultanate of Sarawak}}[[Fail:James Brooke photo.jpg|thumb|left|Kuching udah nya ditumbuhka nyadi penuduk perintah Brooke baruh pegai [[James Brooke]].]] Sarawak kala nyadi sebagi ari [[Empayar Brunei]] kenyau ari perintah kesultanan Brunei keterubah iya nya [[Sultan Muhammad Shah]]. Kuching nyadi indu nengeri ketiga Sarawak, ditumbuhka pengari Sultan Brunei, [[Pengiran Indera Mahkota]] dalam taun 1827.<ref name="Chang1999">{{Cite book |author=Pat Foh Chang |title=Legends and History of Sarawak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jDWHZwEACAAJ |access-date=13 July 2012 |date=1999 |publisher=Chang Pat Foh |isbn=978-983-9475-06-7}}</ref> Sebedau numbuhka Kuching, dua bengkah indu nengeri Sarawak suba iya nya Santubong, ditumbuhka Sultan Pengiran Tengah dalam taun 1599, enggau Lidah Tanah, ditumbuhka Datu Patinggi Ali ba pun taun 1820-an.<ref name="Chang1999" /> Pengawa numbuhka Kuching diperansang ketegal tetemuka bijih timah antimon ba ulu sungai Sarawak dalam taun 1924, ti bisi peminta tinggi ba makit Singapura ke besemak.<ref name=lock/> Sebengkah repot Belanda nyebut bisi diau kira-kira seratus iku borang ansa Melayu enggau tiga buah rumah bansa China di menua nya enda lama sebedau Kuching ditumbuhka.<ref name=lock>{{Cite journal |last1=CRAIG A. LOCKARD |title=THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF KUCHING, 1820—1857 |journal=Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |date=1976 |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=107–110 |jstor=41492141 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41492141}}</ref> Penatai Mahkota enda dikerinduka bala tuai-tuai bansa Melayu setempat, ti alai kuasa autonomi sida disekat Mahkota ti majak nambah chukai enggau peminta pengereja pengawa. Bala tuai-tuai pindah ke ulu sungai, bekaban enggau bansa Dayak, lalu ngelaban menua Brunei. Nadai sepiak-sepiak nya ulih bulih pengelebih ari sepiak-sepiak nyentuk ngagai taun 1840 lebuh Pengiran [[Raja Muda Hashim]], Menteri Besai Brunei, meri awak nyerahka pengawa nyadi gabenor Sarawak ngagai petualang British [[James Brooke]] dikena ngulihka bantu iya ngalahka bala tuai-tuai pemberontak.<ref name=lock/> Pengiran Raja Muda Hashim udah nya nyerahka kandang menua nya ngagai James Brooke nyadika upah laban udah mantu iya ngelaban pengawa ngelaban.<ref name="HazisHazis2012">{{Cite book |author1=Faisal S. Hazis |author2=Mohd. Faisal Syam Abdol Hazis |title=Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nhAU_JcFNZ0C&pg=PA25 |access-date=18 July 2013 |date=2012 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-4311-58-8 |pages=5–25–26–29}}</ref> Pengawa ngelaban nya diputarka dalam bulan November 1840, lalu kena 24 September 1841, Brooke dipadu nyadi Gabenor Sarawak enggau gelar Rajah.<ref name="HazisHazis2012"/> Iya enda dipadahka nyentuk ngagai 18 Ogos 1842, berindik ari Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II ngesahka pengawa gabenor, lalu minta Brooke mayar penyampau $2,500 ninting taun ngagai Sultan.<ref name="HazisHazis2012"/> Kenyau ari maya nya kandang menua Kuching lalu nyadi penuduk perintah Brooke.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Borneo. Ediz. Inglese |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vvXoC8F5Oq0C&pg=PA162 |access-date=18 July 2013 |date=2008 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74059-105-8 |pages=162–}}</ref> [[Fail:Kuching, Sarawak; a square-towered building and the jail. Ph Wellcome V0037399.jpg|thumb|right|Rumah jil nengeri Kuching bepalan ba tisi begunan Square Tower dalam taun 1896 suba.]] [[Fail:The National geographic magazine (Page 164) BHL40563162 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Children are pulled through the city's streets by a [[coolie]], {{Circa|1919}}.]] Perintah nya udah nya diteruska anak menyadi iya, [[Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak|Charles Brooke]]. Nyadi indu nengeri perintah, iya mega nyadi palan perati enggau pemansang.<ref name="RingWatson2012">{{Cite book |author1=Trudy Ring |author2=Noelle Watson |author3=Paul Schellinger |title=Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=voerPYsAB5wC&pg=PT866 |access-date=18 July 2013 |date=12 November 2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-63979-1 |pages=866–}}</ref> Pengawa ngemanahka agi nyengkaum sistem sanitasyen.<ref name="RingWatson2012"/> Datai ba taun 1874, mengeri tu udah nembuka sekeda pemansang, nyengkaum ngaga sepital, rumah jil, Fort Margherita, enggau mayuh begunan bukai.<ref name="RingWatson2012"/> Bini Charles Brooke, dalam memoir iya ''(My Life in Sarawak)'', nyengkaum penerang pasal Kuching tu: {{Blockquote|The little town looked so neat and fresh and prosperous under the careful jurisdiction of the Rajah and his officers, that it reminded me of a box of painted toys kept scrupulously clean by a child. The Bazaar runs for some distance along the banks of river, and this quarter of the town is inhabited almost entirely by [[Bansa China|Chinese]] traders, with the exception of one or two [[Bansa India|Hindoo]] shops....Groceries of exotic kinds are laid out on tables near the pavement, from which the purchasers make their choice. At the Hindoo shops you can buy silks from [[India]], sarongs from [[Jawa|Java]], tea from [[China]] and tiles and porcelain from all parts of the world, laid out in picturesque confusion, and overflowing into the street.<ref name="RingWatson2012"/><ref>{{Cite book |author=Margaret Brooke |title=My Life in Sarawak |page=62 |date=1913 |publisher=Methuen & Company, Limited}}</ref>|[[Margaret Brooke]], bini [[Charles Brooke, Rajah Sarawak|Charles Brooke]].}} [[Astana, Sarawak|Astana]], ti diatu nyadi palan pengentap pendiau rasmi Gabenor Sarawak, digaga berimbai enggau palan pengentap pendiau keterubah Brooke. Iya ngasuh begunan tu digaga dalam taun 1869 nyadika pemeri tikah ngagai bini iya.<ref name="LedesmaLewis2003">{{Cite book |author1=Charles De Ledesma |author2=Mark Lewis |author3=Pauline Savage |title=Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hS0_GehsGPwC&pg=PA414 |access-date=18 July 2013 |date=2003 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-84353-094-7 |pages=414–}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://seeds.theborneopost.com/2014/09/16/the-last-goodbye/ |title=The last goodbye |author=Patricia Hului |publisher=The Borneo Post Seeds |date=16 September 2014 |access-date=31 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231005018/https://seeds.theborneopost.com/2014/09/16/the-last-goodbye/ |archive-date=31 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kuching majak mansang di baruh [[Charles Vyner Brooke]], ti nganti apai iya nyadi Rajah Ketiga Sarawak.<ref name="HazisHazis2012" /> Dalam taun 1941, Kuching nyadi palan endur ngintu Taun Seratus taun Perintah Brooke.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Steven Runciman |title=The White Rajah: A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m4_O9GB4KBoC&pg=PA248 |access-date=18 July 2013 |date=3 February 2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-12899-5 |pages=248–}}</ref> Beberapa bulan udah nya, perintah Brooke datai ba pengujung iya lebuh Jipun nguasa Sarawak.<ref name="HazisHazis2012" /> [[Fail:Kuching Town Street Scene (AWM 030346-01).JPG|thumb|left|Siti pemandang jalai bandar Kuching enda lama sepengudah Jepun nyerahka diri, gambar diambi kena 12 September 1945.]] [[Fail:Japanese Propaganda, Kuching, Sarawak (AWM 118699).JPG|thumb|right|Sekeping propaganda Jipun dalam [[urup Jawi]] ditemu ba mengeri nya sepengudah mengeri nya dirampas sedadu Australia.]] Maya [[Perang Dunya Kedua]], enam platun infantri ari 2/15 Rejimen Punjab diengkah ba Kuching dalam bulan April 1941.<ref name="LimWong2000">{{Cite book |author1=Patricia Pui Huen Lim |author2=Diana Wong |title=War and Memory in Malaysia and Singapore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ADkiembZcLYC&pg=PA125 |access-date=18 July 2013 |date=2000 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-037-9 |pages=125–127}}</ref> Rejimen nya ngetanka padang bilun Kuching enggau Bukit Stabar ari ke dirusak Jipun.<ref name="LimWong2000" /> Pengawa ngetan tebal agi dipejalaika ba Kuching enggau Miri.<ref name="LimWong2000" /> Taja pia, kena 24 Disember 1941, Kuching udah dialahka soldadu Jipun. Sarawak diperintah nyadi sebagi ari [[Empayar Jipun]] sepengelama tiga taun lapan bulan, nyentuk ke penyerah rasmi Jipun kena 11 September 1945. Penyerah rasmi disain ba ''[[HMAS Kapunda]]'' di Kuching.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-kapunda |title=HMAS Kapunda |access-date=4 June 2014 |publisher=[[Royal Australian Navy]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604111658/http://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-kapunda |archive-date=4 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Ooi2004">{{Cite book |author=Keat Gin Ooi |title=Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to Timor. R-Z. volume three |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA1177 |access-date=18 July 2013 |date=1 January 2004 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-770-2 |pages=1177–}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=Jackson |title=British Empire and 2ND Ww (E) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cghbp0WbhxAC&pg=PA445 |access-date=18 July 2013 |date=9 March 2006 |publisher=Continuum |isbn=978-0-8264-4049-5 |pages=445–}}</ref> Berengkah ari bulan Mac 1942, Jepun bejalaika kem Batu Lintang, ungkup POW enggau interne awam, {{Cvt|5|km}} luar Kuching.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Keat Gin Ooi |title=Japanese Empire in the Tropics: Selected Documents and Reports of the Japanese Period in Sarawak, Northwest Borneo, 1941 - 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3t5OngEACAAJ |date=1998 |publisher=Ohio Univ. Center for Internat. Studies |isbn=978-0-89680-199-8 |pages=6–11}}</ref> Pengudah Perang Dunya Kedua abis, nengeri nya agi idup lalu nadai rusak sepenuh iya.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Yvonne Byron |title=In Place of the Forest; Environmental and Socio-Economic Transformation in Borneo and the Eastern Malay Peninsula |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7BYEnHOQ8KkC&pg=PA215 |date=1995 |publisher=United Nations University Press |isbn=978-92-808-0893-3 |pages=215–}}</ref> Rajah ketiga enggau kepenudi, Sir Charles Vyner Brooke ludah nya nyerahka Sarawak ngagai Mahkota British kena 1 Julai 1946.<ref>{{Cite book |author1=James Stuart Olson |author2=Robert Shadle |title=Historical Dictionary of the British Empire: A-J |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-X-XYB_ZkIC&pg=PA200 |access-date=18 July 2013 |date=1996 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-29366-5 |pages=200–}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Gerard A. Postiglione |author2=Jason Tan |title=Going to School in East Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HuE--CIdDuEC&pg=PA210 |access-date=18 July 2013 |date=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-33633-1 |pages=210–}}</ref> Maya timpuh Koloni Mahkota, perintah gawa ngemansang sereta ngemanahka infrastruktur ba Sarawak.<ref name="Ooi2004" /> Kuching diidupka baru nyadi indu nengeri Sarawak ari baruh perintah koloni British.<ref name="Chang-1999">{{Cite book |author=Pat Foh Chang |title=Legends and history of Sarawak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CqJuAAAAMAAJ |access-date=18 July 2013 |date=1999 |publisher=Chang Pat Foh |isbn=978-983-9475-07-4}}</ref> Lebuh Sarawak begulai enggau Borneo Utara, Singapura sereta Persekutuan Tanah Melayu numbuhka Persekutuan Malaysia dalam taun 1963,<ref>{{Cite book |author=Boon Kheng Cheah |title=Malaysia: The Making of a Nation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Owo39zRMQbwC&pg=PA93 |access-date=18 July 2013 |date=2002 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-175-8 |pages=93–}}</ref> Kuching ngetanka status nyadi indu nengeri lalu diberi status mengeri kena 1 Ogos 1988.<ref name="mbks">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mbks.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/page.php?id=153&menu_id=0&sub_id=116 |title=History |publisher=Council of the City of Kuching South |date=14 May 2014 |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140515164215/http://www.mbks.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/page.php?id=153&menu_id=0&sub_id=116 |archive-date=15 May 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Kuching: towards a new horizon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dG4uAAAAMAAJ |access-date=18 July 2013 |date=1988 |publisher=Kuching Municipal Council}}</ref> Kuching ngasaika pemansang ke lebih agi sepemanjai taun nyadi indu nengeri. Kena 29 Julai 2015, Kuching ditukuka nyadi "Mengeri Penyerakup" ari One Malaysia Foundation ketegal pengelantang bansa ti bisi di mengeri tu ketegal pengawa jadi melaki bini entara bansa, sekula pupu bansa, agih sekulasip ti adil, enggau gaya pengereja pengawa ti seimbang.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kuching to celebrate new status as 'City of Unity' |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/07/31/kuching-to-celebrate-new-status-as-city-of-unity/ |access-date=31 August 2015 |newspaper=The Star (Malaysia) |date=31 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Blake |first1=Chen |title=Kuching to be declared world's first 'City of Unity' |url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/07/29/kuching-to-be-declared-worlds-first-city-of-unity/ |access-date=31 August 2015 |work=Free Malaysia Today |date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822055206/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2015/07/29/kuching-to-be-declared-worlds-first-city-of-unity/ |archive-date=22 August 2015}}</ref> ==Pemerintah== [[Fail:Greater Kuching map en.svg|thumb|right|Opis Kandang Menua ti mungkur Kuching Besai enggau penyampau pemesai 2030.94 kilometer persegi: {{Legend|#fec9e5|[[Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara]] (DBKU)}} {{Legend|#fff15c|[[Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan]] (MBKS)}} {{Legend|#f1d9b1|[[Kunsil Kandang Nengeri Padawan]] (MPP)}} {{Legend|#c9fbb2|[[Kaunsil Mengeri Kota Samarahan]] (MPKS, formerly MDS)}}]] Nyadi indu nengeri Sarawak, Kuching bejalaika tanggungpengawa ti beguna dalam pengelantang politik enggau ekonomi peranak serata nengeri tu laban nyadi penuduk perintah nengeri ke alai nyau deka semua opis menteri enggau ejensi sida bepalan. Aum Kunsil Negeri Sarawak bepalan ba Petra Jaya. Bisi 5 iku Kaban Parlimen (MPs) ngarika lima bengkah sitak parlimen enggau dua belas ADUN Negeri ba Dewan Undangan Negeri ti ngarika dua belas sitak DUN di pelilih Kuching. {| class="wikitable" ! Sitak Parlimen ! Sitak DUN |- | P.193 Santubong || N.3 Tanjung Datu (within Lundu district), N.4 Pantai Damai, N.5 Demak Laut |- | P.194 Petra Jaya || N.6 Tupong, N.7 Samariang, N.8 Satok |- | P.195 Bandar Kuching || N.9 Padungan, N.10 Pending, N.11 Batu Lintang |- | P.196 Stampin || N.12 Kota Sentosa, N.13 Batu Kitang, N.14 Batu Kawah |- | P.198 Puncak Borneo || N.18 Serembu (within Bau district), N.19 Mambong, N.20 Tarat (within Serian Division) |} ===Opis kandang menua enggau definisyen nengeri=== Kuching semina siti aja nengeri di Malaysia ti dipegai dua iku Datuk Bandar;<ref name="Chang1999"/> nengeri tu dibagi ngagai Kuching Utara enggau Kuching Selatan.<ref name="Thiessen2012">{{Cite book |author=Tamara Thiessen |title=Borneo: Sabah - Brunei - Sarawak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DCDkRTYwN5AC&pg=PA244 |access-date=20 July 2013 |date=2012 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-84162-390-0 |pages=244–246–266}}</ref> Tetiap bengkah tu dipegai seiku Datuk Bandar ungkup Kuching Selatan enggau komisioner ungkup Kuching Utara.<ref name="Group2008"/> Komisioner ke diatu ungkup Kuching Utara nya Datu Junaidi Reduan, ti ngambi alih pengawa tu ari Datuk Haji Abang Abdul Wahab Abang Julai maya 31 Ogos 2019 seraya Datuk Wee Hong Seng nyadi Datuk Bandar Kuching Selatan ke baru ba taun 2019, nganti Dato' [[James Chan Khay Syn]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CM: Wee Hong Seng appointed MBKS mayor, Junaidi Reduan new DBKU Datuk Bandar |url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2019/08/22/cm-wee-hong-seng-appointed-mbks-mayor-junaidi-reduan-new-dbku-datuk-bandar/ |access-date=2020-10-24 |website=The Borneo Post Online|date=22 August 2019 }}</ref> Nengeri tu bulih status nengeri maya 1 Ogos 1988,<ref name="mbks"/> lalu kenyau ari nya dipegai Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara (DBKU) enggau Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan (MBKS). Nengeri tu ditukuka dalam garis entara [[Pelilih Menua Kuching]]. Enggau pemesai 1,868.83 kilometer persegi, iya nyadi pelilih menua pemadu mayuh mensia di Sarawak.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/uploads/assets/files/ePub/Fact_and_Figures_2012.pdf |title=Sarawak : Population By Administrative District 2000 & 2010 |publisher=Sarawak State Government |work=Sarawak Fact and Figures by State Planning Unit, Chief Minister's Department |date=2012 |access-date=6 June 2014 |pages=11/16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016133801/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/uploads/assets/files/ePub/Fact_and_Figures_2012.pdf |archive-date=16 October 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Kandang menua nya udah nya dibagi ngagai dua pelilih mit iya nya Kuching enggau Padawan. Kuching nyengkaum kandang mengeri enggau bagi menua utara Kunsil Kandang Nengeri Padawan (baka Batu Kawah, Matang Jaya), seraya pelilih mit Padawan<ref name="sub-district" group="note">Not to be confused with [[Padawan municipality]].</ref> (menua selatan Kaunsil Kandang Nengeri Padawan) nyengkaum Kota Padawan, Teng Bukap enggau Punchak Borneo (Mambong). Kandang endur begulai Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara, Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan, Kaunsil Kandang Nengeri Padawan, enggau Majlis Perbandaran Kota Samarahan dikelala enggau nama Kuching Besai.<ref name=DBKUmayor/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.healthycity.sarawak.gov.my/project6.html |title=Various Studies Aiming To Develop A Better Kuching (Greater Kuching Urban and Regional Study) |publisher=Sarawak State Government |work=Shankland Cox Ltd |access-date=6 June 2014 |volume=1}}</ref> ==Geografi== [[Fail:Panorama of Kuching.jpg|thumb|left|Panorama Nengeri Kuching]] Kuching bepalan ba tebing [[Sungai Sarawak]] ba bagi menua barat laut pulau [[Borneo]].<ref>{{Cite book |author=Alastair Morrison |title=Fair Land Sarawak: Some Recollections of an Expatriate Official |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U80cU8Fx1kAC&pg=PA93 |access-date=19 July 2013 |date=1 January 1993 |publisher=SEAP Publications |isbn=978-0-87727-712-5 |pages=93–}}</ref> Sekat Bandaraya Kuching nyengkaum semua kandang endur nya ba Pelilih Menua Kuching ti ngundan kandang endur kira-kira {{Cvt|431.01|km2|mi2}} disekat ari ''Gunung Lasak'' ba Muara Tebas ngagai ''Batu Buaya'' ba semenanjung Santubong berindik ari siri tanda tisih baka ti dipadahka dalam Jadual Keterubah ''Ordinan Bandaraya Kuching, 1988''.<ref name="ord"/> Nyadi pengawa ngemudahka undang-undang, garis entara mengeri Kuching mungkur ari [[Padang Bilun Antarabansa Kuching]] di selatan ngagai tebing tasik utara semenanjung Santubong enggau Bako; ari Taman Negara Tanah Paya Kuching di barat ngagai muara Sungai Kuap di timur.<ref name="ord"/> Sungai Sarawak mechahka mengeri tu ngagai Utara enggau Selatan. Titik pemadu tinggi ba mengeri tu iya nya Gunung Santubong ba semenanjung Santubong, iya nya {{Cvt|810.2|m}} ari tikas tasik, bepalan 35&nbsp;km utara pusat nengeri.<ref name=Santubong>{{Cite news |last1=Kit |first1=Lee Yu |title=Scaling Santubong |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2F2007%2F1%2F20%2Flifetravel%2F16461304&sec=lifetravel |access-date=28 March 2015 |newspaper=The Star (Malaysia) |date=20 January 2007 |archive-date=28 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328165605/http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2F2007%2F1%2F20%2Flifetravel%2F16461304&sec=lifetravel |url-status=dead }}</ref> Urbanisasyen jampat udah nyadi di Kuching Besai lalu pengerembai mengeri tu ngerembai ngagai Penrissen, Kota Sentosa, Kota Padawan, Batu Kawah, Matang, Samariang, Siburan, Tarat, Kota Samarahan, Asajaya sereta mega Serian ke bepalan urung 65 km ari Kuching. ===Klimat=== Kuching ngembuan klimat kampung ujan tropika (Klasifikasyen klimat Köppen Af), sederhana angat tang balat lembap kadang-kadang sereta nerima ujan ti mayuh.<ref name="tc">{{Cite web |url=http://1063457201.n137365.test.prositehosting.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Venture-into-Borneo.pdf |title=Venture into Borneo |quote=Borneo has a typically equatorial climate, with temperatures fairly constant throughout the year. (page 17) |author=Thomas Cook |publisher=Thomas Cook Tours |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Pukul rata penyampau ujan ninting taun iya nya urung {{Cvt|4200|mm|in}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N01E110+2100+96413W |publisher=WorldClimate |title=Kuching, Malaysia Weather History and Climate Data |access-date=28 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604112500/http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N01E110%2B2100%2B96413W |archive-date=4 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kuching nyadi kandang endur ke pemadu basah (pukul rata) di Malaysia enggau pukul rata 247 hari ujan setaun. Kuching semina nerima panchar mata panas 5 jam sehari pukul rata lalu pukul rata semina 3.7 jam panchar mata panas sehari ba bulan Januari (bulan pemadu basah dalam setaun).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.met.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=75&Itemid=1089&limit=1&limitstart=2&lang=english |title=General Climate of Malaysia (Sunshine and Solar Radiation) |publisher=[[Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Malaysia)]] |access-date=4 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604112542/http://www.met.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=75&Itemid=1089&limit=1&limitstart=2&lang=english |archive-date=4 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Maya ke pemadu basah iya nya maya bulan Monsun Timur Laut ari bulan November ngagai Februari lalu bulan ke pemadu kering ba mengeri tu iya nya bulan Jun nyentuk Ogos. Penyampau pengangat di Kuching iya nya ari {{Cvt|19|°C}} nyentukka {{Cvt|36|°C}} tang pukul rata pengangat nengeri tu iya nya {{Cvt|23|°C}} maya tumu pagi lalu angkat ngagai urung {{Cvt|33|°C}} maya ngalih hari.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ser.cienve.org.tw/download/22-5/22-5-5.pdf |title=An assessment of influence of meteorological factors on PM10 and NO2 at selected stations in Malaysia |author1=Doreena Dominick |author2=Mohd Talib Latif |author3=Hafizan Juahir |author4=Ahmad Zaharin Aris |author5=Sharifuddin M. Zain |publisher=Department of Environmental Sciences (Universiti Putra Malaysia), Centre of Excellence for Environmental Forensics (Universiti Putra Malaysia), School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) and Department of Chemistry (Universiti Malaya) |access-date=10 November 2013 |archive-date=10 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110092427/http://ser.cienve.org.tw/download/22-5/22-5-5.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> Pengangat tu mengkang nyau deka sebaka sepemanjai taun enti iya enda dikeruga ujan bangat enggau angin ke balat maya tumu pagi ti tau mai pengangat nurun ngagai {{Cvt|19|°C}}, tang utai tu enda selalu nyadi.<ref name="tc"/> {{Kuching weatherbox}} ==Demografi== Leka jaku "Kuchingite" udah dikena ngumbai orang Kuching, taja pan leka jaku tu enda rasmi.<ref name="LedesmaLewis2003"/> Tang, chara ke pemadu mudah deka ngumbai orang Kuching iya nya "orang Kuching" ===Raban bansa=== {{Bar box |title=Persin raban bansa ba Kuching (2022)<ref name=PBTSarawak/> |titlebar= |left1=Raban bansa |right1=Persin |float=right |bars= {{Bar percent|[[Melayu]]|#B0BF1A|36.2}} {{Bar percent|[[Orang China Malaysia|China]]|#CE2029|34.1}} {{Bar percent|[[Iban]]|#FFAA1D|20.5}} {{Bar percent|[[Bidayuh]]|#A3C1AD|4.9}} {{Bar percent|Ke bukai|#856088|3.6}} }} Ba pun taun 2022, Opis Statistik Malaysia (DoSM) ngeripotka Kuching ngembuan penyampau tubuh 402,738 iku. Penyampau tubuh peranak mengeri besai (Kuching Utara, Kuching Selatan, enggau [[Padawan]]) tebal agi ari bansa [[Melayu]] (146,067), China (138,620), [[Iban]] (82,743), [[Bidayuh]] (20,065), peranak ukai peranak Malaysia (5,048), Bumiputera Sarawak ke bukai Ulu) (4,076), [[Melanau]] (1,840) enggau India (3,257), enggau urung seribu iku raban bukai (1,022).<ref name="PBTSarawak">{{Cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/population/04Jadual_PBT_negeri/PBT_Sarawak.pdf |title=Population Distribution by Local Authority Areas and Mukims, 2022 |date=December 2021 |publisher=Statistics Department, Malaysia |access-date=19 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114152728/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/population/04Jadual_PBT_negeri/PBT_Sarawak.pdf |archive-date=14 November 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bansa China ditumbuhka ari bansa Hokkien, ke mayuh diau ba kandang mengeri enggau ba sub-nengeri.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Southeast Asian Exports Since the 14th Century: Cloves, Pepper, Coffee, and Sugar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0q_r9aYSF_MC&pg=PA68 |access-date=19 July 2013 |date=1 January 1998 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian |isbn=978-981-3055-67-4 |pages=68–}}</ref> Sub-raban bansa China ke bukai iya nya Foochow, Hainan, Teochew, Kanton, Hakka enggau Henghua. Bidayuh, Dayak, Iban enggau Orang Ulu mayuh megai pengarap [[Kristian]] (taja sekeda orang mengkang megai pengarap [[Animisme]]), seraya orang China mayuh megai pengarap Buddha, Tao tauka Kristian; majoriti orang Melayu enggau Melanau nya Islam, lalu sekeda orang Hindu enggau Sikh, enggau penyampau sekularis ke mimit, mega bisi ngelingi mengeri nya. Bisi penyampau tubuh ke ukai peranak menua nya, ke tebal agi datai ari pelilih menua Kalimantan ti bekunsi garis menua enggau menua Malaysia, ke tebal agi sida nya pengereja pengawa migran.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Tim Huxley |title=Disintegrating Indonesia?: Implications for Regional Security |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zUfcAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |date=13 September 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-04928-6 |pages=79–}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19861022&id=XNRHAAAAIBAJ&pg=3723,1524809 |title=Keeping tabs on illegal immigrants |newspaper=[[New Straits Times]] |date=22 August 1986 |access-date=5 June 2014 |pages=6}}</ref> Kenyau ari jeman British, mimit aja orang Asia Selatan—kelebih agi, orang Pakistan—diau ba mengeri tu, lalu pengidup sida kelebih agi bejualka gari enggau rempah.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Judith M. Heimann |title=The Most Offending Soul Alive: Tom Harrisson and His Remarkable Life |url=https://archive.org/details/mostoffendingsou00judi |url-access=registration |date=1998 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-2199-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/mostoffendingsou00judi/page/270 270]–}}</ref> Migran bukai ke datai maya jeman British nyengkaum Bugis ari Hindia Timur Belanda, enggau bansa bukai ari menua sepiak Belanda Borneo.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2017/12/08/bugis-in-sarawak-also-malaysians-sba-chief/ |title=Bugis in Sarawak also Malaysians — SBA chief |author=Peter Sibon |newspaper=The Borneo Post |date=8 December 2017 |access-date=31 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231005627/http://www.theborneopost.com/2017/12/08/bugis-in-sarawak-also-malaysians-sba-chief/ |archive-date=31 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nyadi sebuah mengeri ti ngembuan mayuh macham raban bansa, pengawa jadi melaki bini entara bansa (entara sida ti bebida bansa) suah nyadi di Kuching, lalu mengeri nya empu nyadi palan lebih 30 bansa ti bebida.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Damian Harper |title=Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei. Ediz. Inglese |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9a02sRJKFhMC&pg=PA339 |access-date=19 July 2013 |date=2007 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74059-708-1 |pages=339–}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://investvine.com/seeing-tourism-through-the-eyes-of-sarawaks-big-village/ |title=Tourism through the eyes of Sarawak's 'big village' |author=Justin Calderon |publisher=Investvine |date=14 April 2013 |access-date=20 July 2013 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528235442/http://investvine.com/seeing-tourism-through-the-eyes-of-sarawaks-big-village/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" caption="Palan pengarap ba Kuching"> File:St Joseph Cathedral Kuching.jpg|Katedral St. Joseph (Roman Katolik) File:Tampak Luar St Thomas Cathedral (2).jpg|Katedral St. Thomas (Anglikan) File:Masjid Bandaraya Kuching.jpg|Masjid Nengeri Kuching File:Hong San Si Temple 03.jpg|Tepikung Hong San Si Sri Srinivasagar Kaliamman Temple 01.jpg|Kuil Sri Srinivasagar Kaliamman </gallery> ===Jaku=== Kelimpah nyadi indu nengeri Sarawak, Kuching nyadi palan dagang enggau palan budaya ungkup peranak Melayu.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.ukm.my/ppbl/Gema/pp.pdf |title=Social Variation Of Malay Language In Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia: A Study On Accent, Identity And Integration |author1=Idris Aman |author2=Rosniah Mustaffa |journal=GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies |date=2009 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=66 |publisher=Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities ([[National University of Malaysia]]) |issn=1675-8021 |access-date=6 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606204927/http://www.ukm.my/ppbl/Gema/pp.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Dialek Jaku Melayu ti dikena di Kuching dikelala enggau nama ''Bahasa Melayu Sarawak'' ([[Jaku Melayu Sarawak]]).<ref name="Situmeang">{{Cite book |author1=Paitoon M. Chaiyanara |author2=Sanggam Siahaan |author3=Hilman Pardede |author4=Selviana Napitupulu |author5=Basar Lolo Siahaan |author6=Siska Anggita Situmeang |title=SIJLL (Singapore International Journal of Language and Literature) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i0jEIG7piBcC&pg=PA149 |access-date=20 July 2013 |publisher=LLC Publishing |pages=149– |issn=2251-2829}}</ref> Dialek ba Kuching bebida ari ti dikena tauka didinga di Miri.<ref name="Situmeang" /> Ketegal penyampau tubuh kedua pemadu mayuh di Kuching ditumbuhka ari bansa China Han, jaku China mega suah dikena kelebih agi jaku Hokkien enggau Mandarin.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Richard L. Schwenk |title=The Potential for Rural Development in the New Seventh Division of Sarawak: A Preliminary Background Report |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40QZqUu3FzkC&pg=PA18 |access-date=20 July 2013 |date=1973 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian |pages=18– |id=GGKEY:NGE9XLE3DRH}}</ref> Nyauka semua peranak menua nya ulih bejaku Inggeris.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eturbonews.com/42532/kuching-easy-abc |title=Kuching is as easy as ABC |publisher=eTurbo News |date=7 February 2014 |access-date=7 June 2014 |author=Nelson Alcantara}}</ref> Sepenyampau sekula khas enggau peribit nyendiaka pengawa ngajar jaku Inggeris (kelebih agi ungkup nembiak ke kaya enggau/tauka ekspatriat), entara kus jaku luar bukai ke ulih ditemu nengah mengeri.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Heidi Munan |title=CultureShock! Borneo: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTKJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA113 |date=15 October 2009 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd |isbn=978-981-4484-49-7 |pages=113–}}</ref> ==Ekonomi== [[Fail:Kuching, Commercial Centre.jpg|thumb|left|Kuching nyadi palan komersial ba Sarawak.]] Kuching siti ari batang palan industri enggau komersial ungkup Sarawak. Mayuh bank komersial renggat nengeri, renggat menua, enggau entarabansa, sereta sekeda kompeni insurans, ngintu indu opis enggau opis korporat sida dia. Ekonomi dikuasa sektor primari, lalu diatu dikuasa industri bepelasarka pelajar tinggi, laban perintah nengeri merambu Sarawak diubah nyadi nengeri ke lebih mansang manggai ba taun 2020.<ref name="Group2008" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.undp.org.my/files/editor_files/files/REDD%2Bspecial%20page/Development%20Briefing%20to%20REDD%20Workshop.pdf |title=Sarawak's Development Plans (Sectoral Shift, 1980 - 2010 ..from Primary to Secondary and Tertiary Sectors) |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |work=State Planning Unit (Chief Minister's Department) |date=2 August 2012 |access-date=7 June 2014 |pages=4}}</ref><ref name="iv">{{Cite web |url=http://investvine.com/sarawak-state-planning-unit-leads-the-way-towards-2020-economic-ambitions/ |title=Sarawak State Planning Unit leads the way towards 2020 economic ambitions |publisher=Investvine |date=19 December 2011 |access-date=7 June 2014 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714133037/http://investvine.com/sarawak-state-planning-unit-leads-the-way-towards-2020-economic-ambitions/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bisi tiga kandang endur industri besai ba nengeri tu iya nya Estet Industri Kuching—[[Pending (state constituency)|Pending]] (industri champur enggau lempung), Taman Industri [[Demak Laut (state constituency)|Demak Laut]] (industri bechampur, lempung enggau sederhana) sereta [[Zon Industri Bibas Sama Jaya]] (industri teknologi tinggi, komputer enggau elektronik).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Industrial Estate by Division |url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/211/227/ |website=sarawak.gov.my |publisher=Official website of the Sarawak Government |access-date=3 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315050820/http://sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/211/227/ |archive-date=15 March 2015}}</ref> Tu dikena nyungkak aktiviti komersial enggau industri mengeri tu, lalu nyadika iya palan penumbuh besai di Malaysia Timur, pia mega ungkup [[BIMP-EAGA]] (Kandang Endur Pemesai ASEAN Timur Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines).<ref name="iv" /> Kuching udah ngatur mayuh bengkah aum nasional, pelilih menua enggau antarabansa, kongres enggau bansal dagang, baka Forum Dagang Global Malaysia,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.malaysiaglobalbusinessforum.com/delegate-prospectus/ |title=Delegate prospectus |publisher=Malaysia Global Business Forum |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314225240/http://www.malaysiaglobalbusinessforum.com/delegate-prospectus/ |archive-date=14 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Aum Ketuai Pagila,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/03/11/starbucks-coffee-the-official-beverage-at-youth-summit/ |title=Starbucks Coffee the official beverage at youth summit |date=14 March 2011 |work=[[The Borneo Post]] |location=Malaysia |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211154622/http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/03/11/starbucks-coffee-the-official-beverage-at-youth-summit/ |archive-date=11 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kongres Dunya Gerempung Kuasa Hidro Antarabansa (IHA),<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://mrem.bernama.com/viewsm.php?idm=17774 |title=Press release: INTERNATIONAL HYDRO POWER ASSOCIATION TO BRING WORLD CONGRESS TO SARAWAK, BORNEO IN 2013 |date=14 July 2011 |work=[[Bernama]] |location=Malaysia |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714144723/http://mrem.bernama.com/viewsm.php?idm=17774 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Forum Dagang Temuai ASEAN,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASEAN Tourism Forum 2014 |url=http://asiapacific.unwto.org/event/asean-tourism-forum-2014 |website=unwto.org |publisher=[[World Tourism Organization]] |access-date=3 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321203020/http://asiapacific.unwto.org/event/asean-tourism-forum-2014 |archive-date=21 March 2015 |quote=ATF 2014 was held in Kuching in the Malaysian province of Sarawak from the 16th- 23rd of January.}}</ref> enggau Aum Jalai Asia.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Tan |first1=Kevin |last2=Ho |first2=Janet |title=500 for Historic Routes Asia Conference |url=http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/20264/500-for-historic-Routes-Asia-in-Kuching/ |access-date=3 July 2015 |publisher=New Sarawak Tribune |date=6 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704000036/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/20264/500-for-historic-Routes-Asia-in-Kuching/ |archive-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> Nangkanka nya, Kuching dipilih nyadi tuai rumah tetap Festival enggau Anugerah Filem Antarabansa ASEAN (AIFFA) dua taun sekali.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/06/19/kuching-now-a-permanent-venue-for-aiffa/ |title=Kuching now a permanent venue for Aiffa |date=19 June 2014 |work=[[The Borneo Post]] |location=Malaysia |access-date=28 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818225207/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/06/19/kuching-now-a-permanent-venue-for-aiffa/ |archive-date=18 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Pengawa tu suah diatur ba [[Palan Konvensyen Borneo]]. Lembaga Pengkalan Kapal Kuching (KPA) ti ditumbuh dalam taun 1961 berengkah bejalaika operasyen ba Pengkalan Kapal Tanah Puteh (Pelabuhan Sim Kheng Hong) dalam taun 1975 enggau kapasiti ninting taun sepenyampau 350,000 tan. Operasyen iya udah nya dipindahka ngagai terminal Pending enggau Senari, enggau kapasiti ninting taun 2.9 juta tan enggau 7 juta tan. {{Proper name|KPA}} mega megai Jeti Minyak [[Biawak]], ti nguruska produk petroleum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuching Port celebrated 44th Anniversary |url=http://www.apamalaysia.com/tag/kuching-ports/ |publisher=ASEAN Ports Association |access-date=21 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605050113/http://www.apamalaysia.com/tag/kuching-ports/ |archive-date=5 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction: Port Information |url=http://www.kpa.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=74&menu_id=0&sub_id=1 |publisher=Kuching Port Authority |access-date=21 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Terminals |url=http://www.kpa.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=webpage&sub=page&id=61&menu_id=0&sub_id=90 |publisher=Kuching Port Authority |access-date=21 October 2015}}</ref> Ari segi sejarah, bansa China udah mayuh meri bantu ngagai ekonomi mengeri tu kenyau ari pemindah sida maya timpuh Kesultanan Brunei, sepengudah tetemuka bijih timah antimoni, lalu pia mega maya pentadbiran Charles Vyner Brooke (ti meransang imigresyen bansa China ketegal nanam lada chelum).<ref name="RingSalkin1996" /> ==Perengka jalai== ===Tanah=== [[Fail:Traffic Junction Near Civic Centre Tower, Kuching.jpg|thumb|right|Jalai alun nengeri Kuching]] [[Fail:Kuching Highway from rural areas.jpg|thumb|right|Jalai aspal baru ti nyambung menua pesisir enggau mengeri.]] Jalai alun, jalai raya enggau jalai besai Kuching dikemataka siti ari dua kaunsil kandang menua iya nya DBKU ([[Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara]]) enggau MBKS ([[Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan]]), tauka Opis Kereja Raya nengeri tu. Jalai ke dikemataka jabatan ke penudi tu, amt iya nya jalai nengeri tauka jalai perintah besai. Tebal agi jalai dalaman ke besai iya nya jalai kerita dua kali. Kuching disambung nengah jalai alun ngagai mengeri bukai dalam Sarawak, ketebal agi nengah jalai perintah besai. Mengeri tu mega tebilang enggau mayuh bengkah jalai bulat nyengkaum ke pemadu tuai sereta besai iya nya Jalai Bulatan Datuk Abang Kipali Bin Abang Akip.<ref name="or">{{Cite news |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/25/new-landscaping-for-oldest-roundabout/ |title=New landscaping for oldest roundabout |newspaper=The Borneo Post |date=25 July 2013 |access-date=8 June 2014 |author=Jonathan Chia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608065059/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/25/new-landscaping-for-oldest-roundabout/ |archive-date=8 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jalai bulat nya biasa iya diperambu sereta efisyen dikena napi penyekut jalai alun.<ref name="or" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sabah.gov.my/jpas/news/Conv06/Papers/Pap8_SPU.pdf |title=URBAN TRANSPORT GROWTH: THE CHALLENGES AHEAD – THE NEW REALISM AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES |publisher=Sabah State Government |work=State Planning Unit, Chief Minister’s Office, Sarawak (Fourth Sabah-Sarawak Environmental Convention) |date=2006 |access-date=8 June 2014 |author=Lawrence Tseu |pages=11/23 |archive-date=14 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914090906/http://www.sabah.gov.my/jpas/news/Conv06/Papers/Pap8_SPU.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Taja pia, lampu trafik suah agi dikena diatu laban trafik ba mengeri tu majak nambah. Ketegal Kuching bepalan semak enggau khatulistiwa, lubang ngembuan ulah mansang ba jalai alun maya musin monsun, selalu iya ujung taun, ketegal beserimbai enggau musin chelap ba Hemisfer Utara. Jalai ke nuju luar mengeri ngagai kandang menua ke lebih menua pesisir bisi kurang mimit kualiti, bekaul enggau pengawa ngintu, tang diatu benung diangkatmanah.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/10/25/pan-borneo-highway-to-be-upgraded/ |title=Pan Borneo Highway to be upgraded |work=The Star |date=25 October 2012 |access-date=8 June 2014 |author1=Martin Carvalho |author2=Yuen Meiking |author3=Rahimy Rahim}}</ref> Jalai-jalai alun ari Kuching nyengkaum: *{{JKR|1-15}} [[Kuching–Serian Highway]] *{{JKR|801}} [[Kuching Bypass]] *[[Kuching–Kota Samarahan Expressway]] *{{MES-E|24}} [[Tun Salahuddin Bridge]] *[[Matang Highway]] ====Perengka jalai awam==== =====Taxi===== [[Fail:Taxi in Kuching 02.jpg|thumb|right|Teksi ba mengeri tu dichat ngena chura mirah enggau kuning.]] Bisi dua bansa teksi ti beoperasyen dalam kandang mengeri tu: teksi standard iya nya kerita ti dicat mirah enggau kuning. Teksi ti besai mimit, dicat chura biru, bisi disediaka mega; tu nyamai agi, tang mar mimit (nya alai dikelala enggau nama "teksi eksekutif").<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Lonely Planet |author2=Daniel Robinson |author3=Adam Karlin |author4=Paul Stiles |title=Lonely Planet Borneo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P33B08y_kBAC&pg=PT276 |date=1 May 2013 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74321-651-4 |pages=276–}}</ref> Dalam taun 2014, sebengkah app nempah teksi telefon pintar, GrabTaxi, dilanchar lalu nyadika Kuching kandang menua kelima (pengudah Lembah Klang, Cyberjaya, Putrajaya, enggau Johor Bahru) bulih penguntung ari servis enggau bungkur app nya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/taxi-booking-app-myteksi-launches-043007899.html |title=Taxi booking app MyTeksi launches in Kuching, one of the most improbable Malaysian city |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]] |work=Vulcan Post |date=17 March 2014 |access-date=8 June 2014 |author=Jacky |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608133247/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/taxi-booking-app-myteksi-launches-043007899.html |archive-date=8 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> =====Bas===== {{Main|Transportation in Sarawak#Kuching, Samarahan bus route}} ======Bas Seperis====== {{Main|Transportation in Sarawak}} {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" |- !Jalai Beoperasyen !Operator |- |Kuching-Serian-Sarikei-Sibu-Bintulu-Miri |Bintang Jaya, MTC, Sungei Merah, EVA Express, BusAsia, Freesia |- |Kuching-Kapit |BusAsia |} ======Bas Nengeri====== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" |- !Lum. Jalai !Jalai Beoperasyen !Operator !Jaku tangkan |- |1 |Kuching-[[Bako National Park|Bako]] |BusAsia |[[Bako National Park]] |- |6A |Kuching-[[Bako National Park|Bako]]-Muara Tebas |BusAsia |[[Bako National Park]] |- |2 |Kuching-[[Bau, Sarawak|Bau]] |Bau Transport Co. | |- |B2 |Kuching-[[Bau, Sarawak|Bau]] |CPL | |- |3A |Kuching-[[Serian Division|Serian]] |CPL | |- |3AC |Open Air Market, Kuching-[[Serian Division|Serian]] |BusAsia | |- |K5 |Kuching-BDR, Baru [[Samariang]] |CPL |[[Kuching North City Hall]], [[Kuching Cat Museum]] |- |K6 |Kuching-Semenggoh |CPL | |- |K7 |Kuching-Taman Malihah |CPL | |- |K8 |Kuching-Tabuan Jaya, Stutong |CPL |BDC, The Indonesian Consulate General in Kuching |- |K10 |Kuching-[[Kota Samarahan]] |CPL |Boulevard, Kuching Sentral, [[Kota Sentosa]] |- |10A |Kuching-[[Kota Samarahan]] |BusAsia |Boulevard, [[Kuching Airport]], Kuching Sentral, [[Kota Sentosa]] |- |K11 |Kuching-Tabuan Dayak |CPL |Kenyalang, King Center |- |K12 |Kuching-Kota Samarahan-[[Asajaya]]-[[Sadong Jaya]] |CPL | |- |K18 |Kuching-[[Batu Kawa]], MJC, Desa Wira |CPL |RPR [[Batu Kawa]] |- |K21 |Kuching-Politeknik |CPL |[[Kubah National Park]], Kubah Ria, Matang |- |K26 |Kuching-Batu Kawa-Bau-[[Lundu, Sarawak|Lundu]]-[[Sematan]] |CPL | |- |101 |[[Pantai Damai (state constituency)|Damai]] Loop |Sarawak Metro |- |101 |Downtown Heritage Loop |Sarawak Metro |Jalan [[Satok (state constituency)|Satok]] |- |[[:zh:古晉市公車103路|103]] |[[New Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Building|Sarawak State Legislative]] (DUN) - Semenggoh Wildlife Center (Orangutan) ''Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak (DUN) - Pusat Hidupan Liar Semenggoh Orangutan'' ''砂拉越州立法議會- 實蒙谷人猿猩猩野生動物中心'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kuchingmetro.my/ |title=Kuching Metro |website=kuchingmetro.my}}</ref> |Kuching Metro |[[Kuching North City Hall]], [[Kuching Cat Museum]] |- |} ====== Bas nengeri tauka Bas Seperis mengkang bedau terang ====== {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;" |- !Lum. Jalai !Jalai beoperasyen !Operator !Jaku Tangkan |- |K25 |Kuching-Sri Aman |CPL | |} Penyangkai bas besai iya nya Kuching Sentral, dibuka dalam taun 2012,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/12/kuching-sentral-system-boosts-bus-companies-sales-and-revenues/ |title=Kuching Sentral system boosts bus companies' sales and revenues |newspaper=The Borneo Post |date=12 February 2014 |access-date=8 June 2014 |author=Sharon Kong |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608142703/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/02/12/kuching-sentral-system-boosts-bus-companies-sales-and-revenues/ |archive-date=8 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> bepalan ba selatan mengeri—kira-kira 5 minit pejalai ari [[Padang Bilun Antarabansa Kuching]] enggau 20 minit ari tengah mengeri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.expressbusmalaysia.com/bus-stations/kuching-bus-terminal |title=Kuching Bus Terminal |publisher=Express Bus Malaysia |access-date=8 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608143508/http://www.expressbusmalaysia.com/bus-stations/kuching-bus-terminal |archive-date=8 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Penyangkai tu nyadika palan pemungkal pejalai jauh ngagai Brunei, Sabah, enggau Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.etawau.com/Geography/Sarawak/Kuching/Transportation/Kuching_Bus_Terminal.htm |title=Kuching Sentral |publisher=e-tawau |date=24 March 2013 |access-date=8 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608153006/http://www.etawau.com/Geography/Sarawak/Kuching/Transportation/Kuching_Bus_Terminal.htm |archive-date=8 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sebengkah agi terminal bas iya nya Terminal Bas Lama Kuching, ti semina beoperasyen laban sekeda kompeni bas enggau deriba diripotka udah enggai ngena perengka guna Kuching Sentral ti baru agi, ketegal kebuah ti enda dipadahka tauka enda ditemu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20120309-332480.html |title=Stand-off over Kuching Sentral |publisher=[[AsiaOne]] |work=New Straits Times |date=9 March 2012 |access-date=8 June 2014 |author=John Teo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608153823/http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Malaysia/Story/A1Story20120309-332480.html |archive-date=8 June 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Servis bas mini enggau van carpool bukai mega bisi disediaka ba mengeri tu. ===Ai=== [[Fail:Kuching Water Transportation.jpg|thumb|right|Sebengkah sampan kayu beatap tradisional, batang perengka pengangkut ai di Kuching.]] Kuching, baka tebal agi mengeri di Sarawak bisi sambung ngagai palan mengeri enggau genturung pendiau ke bukai nengah perengka pengangkut ai. Entara tebing Sungai Sarawak, besemak enggau tengah mengeri, mayuh ‘tambang’ (sampan kayu beatap tradisional) ulih dipeda mai penumpang ari siti tebing sungai ngagai tebing sungai siti.<ref name="Thiessen2012"/><ref>{{Cite book |author=Outlook Publishing |title=Outlook Traveller |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=izEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT69 |date=September 2008 |publisher=Outlook Publishing |pages=69–}}</ref> Ngagai sida ke diau ba tebing sungai, nya jalai pandak dikena datai ba city-proper. Dermaga ungkup bot ekspres ke meri servis perengka pengangkut ke jauh agi baka Sibu enggau Bintulu, bepalan ba timur mengeri ba Palan Penyangkai Kapal Sim Kheng Hong (sebedau tu dikelala enggau nama Palan Penyangkai Kapal Tanah Puteh) di Pending.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Sarawak. Jabatan Kerja Raya |title=Annual Report |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dT0HAQAAIAAJ |date=1974}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19610607-1.2.65.aspx |title=Tanah Puteh |publisher=[[National Library Board]] |work=[[The Straits Times]] |date=7 June 1961 |access-date=9 June 2014 |pages=8}}</ref> ===Angin=== [[Fail:Kuching International Airport at Night.jpg|thumb|right|Padang Bilun Entarabansa Kuching maya malam hari.]] Padang Bilun Entarabansa Kuching (KCH) (ICAO Code : WBGG) nyadi pintu besai ungkup penumpang bilun. Sejarah padang bilun tu berengkah ari taun 1940-an lalu kemaya hari tu padang bilun tu udah ngasaika mayuh pengawa ngemansangka baru ke besai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Kuching International Airport |url=http://www.klia.com.my/?m=business&c=business_about&id=14 |publisher=Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad |access-date=28 January 2015}}</ref> Terminal padang bilun tu dirintai nyadi padang bilun keempat pemadu kiruh di Malaysia nitihka penyampau pejalai penumpang dalam taun 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2013 Annual Report |url=http://ir.chartnexus.com/malaysiaairports/doc/ar/ar2013.pdf |publisher=Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420213127/http://ir.chartnexus.com/malaysiaairports/doc/ar/ar2013.pdf |archive-date=20 April 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Kenyau ari taun 2009, padang bilun tu jampat mansang enggau penyampau penumpang sereta pejalai bilun ti majak nambah. Iya nyadi hab sekunder ungkup [[Malaysia Airlines]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malaysia Airlines |url=https://www.hahnair.com/en/agents/airline/mh |publisher=Hahn Air |access-date=28 January 2015}}</ref> enggau [[AirAsia]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Air Asia Family |url=http://www.airasia.com/my/en/about-us/corporate-profile.page |publisher=Air Asia |access-date=28 January 2015}}</ref> sereta nyadi hab ketiga ungkup [[MASWings]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=MASWings |url=http://www.maswings.com.my/en/contact-us |publisher=MASWings |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-date=20 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520221025/http://www.maswings.com.my/en/contact-us |url-status=dead}}</ref> ti meri servis penerebai bilun ngagai mengeri mit agi enggau menua pesisir di Malaysia Timur. ==Utiliti bukai== === Kort enggau penerit undang-undang === Kompleks kort ke diatu bepalan ba Petra Jaya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kgcourt.sarawak.gov.my/Kuching%20Website/contact.htm |title=Kuching Court |publisher=Kuching High Court |access-date=10 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610050813/http://www.kgcourt.sarawak.gov.my/Kuching%20Website/contact.htm |archive-date=10 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wtwy.com/files/reports/spb-vol4-issue-3.pdf |title=KUCHING CITY NORTH - PETRA JAYA |publisher=CH Williams Talhar Wong & Yeo Sdn Bhd |work=Sarawak Property Bulletin |date=July–September 2006 |access-date=10 June 2014 |pages=3 |volume=4 |issue=3}}</ref> Iya ngundan Kort Tinggi, Kort Sesi, enggau Kort Majistret.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.highcourt.sabah.sarawak.gov.my/apps/highcourt/v3/modules/highcourt_web/page.php?id=4 |title=Structure of The Court (STRUCTURE OF THE HIGH COURT IN SABAH & SARAWAK) |publisher=The High Court in Sabah and Sarawak |access-date=10 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140330065620/http://www.highcourt.sabah.sarawak.gov.my/apps/highcourt/v3/modules/highcourt_web/page.php?id=4 |archive-date=30 March 2014}}</ref> Siti agi kot Syariah enggau adat asal mega bisi ba nengeri nya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.esyariah.gov.my/portal/page/portal/Portal%20E-Syariah%20BI/Portal%20E-Syariah%20Profil%20JKSM |title=Name And Address of the State Syariah Judiciary Office |publisher=E-Syariah |access-date=10 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610051657/http://www.esyariah.gov.my/portal/page/portal/Portal%20E-Syariah%20BI/Portal%20E-Syariah%20Profil%20JKSM |archive-date=10 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nativecourt.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/page.php?id=39 |title=Native Courts of Sarawak |publisher=Sarawak Native Court |access-date=10 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610052312/http://www.nativecourt.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/page.php?id=39 |archive-date=10 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Indu Opis Kontinjen Polis Sarawak bepalan ba Jalai Badruddin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.supsrwk.gov.my/department_details.php?id=6 |title=Alamat Ibu Pejabat Polis Diraja Malaysia (Kuching) |publisher=Federal Secretary Office, Sarawak |access-date=10 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610054016/http://www.supsrwk.gov.my/department_details.php?id=6 |archive-date=10 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Semina bisi siti indu opis pelilih di mengeri tu iya nya indu opis polis Pelilih Menua Kuching ke bepalan ba Jalai Simpang Tiga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rmp.gov.my/direktori/direktori-pdrm/sarawak/kuching |title=Direktori PDRM Sarawak - Kuching |language=ms |publisher=[[Royal Malaysia Police]] |access-date=1 August 2015 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603203708/http://rmp.gov.my/direktori/direktori-pdrm/sarawak/kuching |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/11/16/sarawak-aims-to-recruit-2280-volunteer-reserves-by-2017/ |title=Sarawak aims to recruit 2,280 volunteer reserves by 2017 |publisher=Federal Secretary Office, Sarawak |date=16 November 2014 |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227201452/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/11/16/sarawak-aims-to-recruit-2280-volunteer-reserves-by-2017/ |archive-date=27 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kompleks Jil Kuching bepalan ba Jalai Puncak Borneo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2F2012%2F7%2F6%2Fsarawak%2F11612128&sec=sarawak |title=Kuching Prison Complex officially opened |work=The Star |date=6 July 2012 |access-date=10 June 2014 |archive-date=10 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610115627/http://www.thestar.com.my/Story/?file=%2F2012%2F7%2F6%2Fsarawak%2F11612128&sec=sarawak |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lokap sementara tauka sel jil ditemu ba tebal agi balai polis ngelingi mengeri tu. ===Pengerai=== {{See also|List of hospitals in Malaysia}} [[Fail:27 August 2011 Sarawak General Hospital.jpg|thumb|right|Sepital Besai Sarawak]] Bisi mayuh bansa servis pengerai di mengeri tu, baka sepital mensia mayuh ke besai, klinik pengerai mensia mayuh, klinik pengerai ke bukai, klinik mindah kin kitu, servis lutur terebai, klinik kampung, enggau klinik 1Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/en/residents/health |title=Health in Sarawak |publisher=Sarawak State Government |access-date=10 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610124538/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/en/residents/health |archive-date=10 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sepital besai iya nya Sepital Besai Sarawak ti nyadi sepital pemadu tuai kenyau ari taun 1923. Sebuah agi sepital iya nya Sepital Pengingat Rajah Charles Brooke.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sarawak.health.gov.my/hospital.htm |title=Hospital Program |publisher=Sarawak State Health Department |access-date=10 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610130853/http://www.sarawak.health.gov.my/hospital.htm |archive-date=10 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sepital Sentosa (Sepital Mental Sentosa) dibuka dalam taun 1958, nyendiaka servis psikiatri ungkup serata nengeri lalu dikelala nyadi sepital kedua pemadu tuai di Sarawak pengudah sepital besai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ijknsarawak.gov.my/uploads/InventoryKemudahan/Hosp_sentosa.pdf |title=History of Sentosa Hospital |language=ms |publisher=Sarawak State Health Department |access-date=10 June 2014 |pages=1 |archive-date=14 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714204757/http://www.ijknsarawak.gov.my/uploads/InventoryKemudahan/Hosp_sentosa.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> Palan Pakar Perubat Normah di Petra Jaya iya nya sepital peribit pemadu besai (130 katil) di Sarawak.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.normah.com.my/index.shtml |title=About us (Overview) |publisher=Normah Medical Specialist Centre |access-date=10 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610132030/http://www.normah.com.my/index.shtml |archive-date=10 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kelimpah ari nya, tiga fasiliti pengerai peribit besai bukai iya nya Palan Perubat Borneo enggau (120 katil),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.borneomedicalcentre.com/en/about-us/ |title=About us |publisher=Borneo Medical Centre |access-date=10 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610133924/http://www.borneomedicalcentre.com/en/about-us/ |archive-date=10 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Palan Perubat Timberland enggau (100 katil),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hospitaldirectoryasia.com/HospitalPage.aspx?id=16780 |title=Hospitals based in Malaysia |publisher=Hospital Directory Asia |access-date=28 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828082205/http://www.hospitaldirectoryasia.com/HospitalPage.aspx?id=16780 |archive-date=28 August 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> enggau Pengintu Pengerai KPJ enggau (75 katil).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kcsh.kpjhealth.com.my/ |title=KPJ Healthcare |publisher=Kuching Specialist Hospital |access-date=10 June 2014}}</ref> Sepital Pakar Kuching ke bepalan ba BDC diperambu deka muka operasyen ngagai mensia mayuh ba taun 2020, enggau kapasiti 70 katil. ===Pelajar=== {{See also|List of schools in Sarawak}} [[Fail:Building A of Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus.jpg|thumb|[[Universiti Teknologi Swinburne Kampus Sarawak]].]] Ba mengeri tu, semua sekula ari baruh Sistem Pelajar Menua (kategori institusyen pelajar perintah), diatur Opis Pelajar Gabungan Kuching (Pejabat Pelajaran Gabungan Kuching). Mayuh sekula perintah tauka nengeri dalam enggau ngelingi mengeri tu. Baka sekula Malaysia ke bukai, sekula di mengeri tu dibagi ngagai empat renggat pelajar — pra-sekula, primari, sekondari (baruh enggau atas) enggau pasca-sekondari (enda nyengkaum pelajar tinggi). Entara sekula asrama ke tegap sereta beprestij di mengeri tu iya nya Sekolah Menengah Sains Kuching ke bepalan ba [[Batu Kawa]] enggau Sekolah Menengah Sains Kuching Utara ke bepalan ba Matang Jaya.<ref name="sys">{{Cite web |title=SENARAI SEKOLAH MENENGAH DI NEGERI SARAWAK (List of Secondary Schools in Sarawak) – See Kuching |url=http://emisportal.moe.gov.my/emis/emis2/emisportal2/doc/fckeditor/File/senarai_sek_09/menengah/SarawakM.pdf |publisher=Educational Management Information System |access-date=9 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227201213/http://emisportal.moe.gov.my/emis/emis2/emisportal2/doc/fckeditor/File/senarai_sek_09/menengah/SarawakM.pdf |archive-date=27 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Sekula sekondari perintah ke bukai nyengkaum sekeda ti pemadu tuai sereta dikelala iya nya SMK St.Joseph, SMK St.Thomas, SMK St.Teresa enggau SMK St.Mary sereta mega ke bukai baka SMK Greenroad, Kolej Datu Patinggi Abang Haji Abdillah, SMK Tun Abang Haji Openg, SMK Batu Lintang, enggau SMK Padungan.<ref name="sys"/> Kuching ngembuan 4 ari 14 buah sekula bibas China di Sarawak. Sekula-sekula nya tadi Sekula Sekondari Chung Hua No. 1 (古晋中华第一中学), Sekula Sekondari Chung Hua No. 3 (古晋中华第三中学), Sekula Sekondari Chung Hua No. 4 (古晋中华第四中学) enggau Sekula Sekondari Min Lit Batu Kawa Min Lit (石角民立中学).<ref>{{Cite web |title=砂拉越华文独中通讯录 (Communication directory of Sarawak Chinese independent schools) |url=http://shadongzong.org/secondary-schools/ |access-date=1 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231125149/http://shadongzong.org/secondary-schools/ |archive-date=31 December 2013 |language=zh}}</ref> Bisi mega tiga buah sekula entarabansa di Kuching iya nya Sekula Entarabansa Tunku Putra .,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Tuah |first1=Yvonne |title=Tunku Putra School offers unique education platform in Kuching |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/01/tunku-putra-school-offers-unique-education-platform-in-kuching/ |access-date=9 May 2015 |newspaper=The Borneo Post |date=1 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509010355/http://www.theborneopost.com/2013/07/01/tunku-putra-school-offers-unique-education-platform-in-kuching/ |archive-date=9 May 2015}}</ref> Sekula Entarabansa Lodge<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lodge International School celebrates best IGCSE results in school history |url=http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/42387/Lodge-International-School-celebrates-best-IGCSE-results-in-school-history/ |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=New Sarawak Tribune |date=31 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509010518/http://www.newsarawaktribune.com/news/42387/Lodge-International-School-celebrates-best-IGCSE-results-in-school-history/ |archive-date=9 May 2015}}</ref> enggau Sekula Entarabansa Borneo. Sekula swasta ke bukai di Kuching iya nya Sekula Sunny Hill<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Umpang |first1=Matthew |title=Iconic Sunny Hill a 'time-tested' school |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/10/21/iconic-sunny-hill-a-time-tested-school/ |access-date=9 May 2015 |newspaper=The Borneo Post |date=21 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509011109/http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/10/21/iconic-sunny-hill-a-time-tested-school/ |archive-date=9 May 2015}}</ref> enggau Sekula Peribit St Joseph.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Aubrey |first1=Samuel |title=St Joseph's Private Schools open |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/01/07/st-josephs-private-schools-open/ |access-date=9 May 2015 |newspaper=The Borneo Post |date=7 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415024935/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/01/07/st-josephs-private-schools-open/ |archive-date=15 April 2012}}</ref> Diatu bedau bisi kampus universiti awam di Kuching, kelimpah ari begunan Fakulti Perubatan enggau Sains Pengerai [[Universiti Malaysia Sarawak]] (UNIMAS) ti bepalan sepiak Sepital Besai Sarawak. Perintah nengeri Sarawak mindahka kampus universiti awam (Universiti Teknologi MARA) ti kepenudi agi tinggal ari Kuching ngagai Kota Samarahan ba taun 1997 dalam inisiatif timpuh panjai ngubah Kota Samarahan nyadi hab pelajar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bernama.com/bernama/state_news/bm/news.php?id=312312&cat=srm |title=Samarahan Semakin Pesat Berkembang |language=ms |publisher=Bernama |date=5 February 2008 |access-date=9 June 2014 |author=Rudy Rukimin Rambli |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609083600/http://www.bernama.com/bernama/state_news/bm/news.php?id=312312&cat=srm |archive-date=9 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mengeri Kuching bisi tiga buah universiti peribit iya nya [[Universiti Teknologi Swinburne Kampus Sarawak]], seiti aja kampus pampang Universiti Teknologi Swinburne di luar Australia; Kolej Eksekutif enggau; enggau Universiti UCSI, Kampus Sarawak ti endur Fakulti Hospitaliti enggau Pengurusan. Sebengkah politeknik enggau kolej komuniti, kededua dikelala enggau nama Politeknik Kuching Sarawak enggau Kolej Komuniti Kuching mega bepalan ba mengeri tu. [[Fail:Segi College Sarawak.png|thumb|Kolej SEGi Sarawak.]] Kolej peribit ke bukai ulih ditemu nengah mengeri enggau tebal agi kolej nya anak kompeni ari universiti enggau kolej universiti ke ditumbuhka di Malaysia Barat, baka Kolej SEGi, Sarawak, Kolej Sunway Kuching, Limkokwing Borneo, PTPL Sarawak, Universiti Tebuka Wawasan, Universiti Terbuka Malaysia , enggau Kolej Twintech Sarawak. Bisi institusyen peribit bejalaika program francais ari universiti penuh (kelimpah ari bejalaika kus diri empu) baka Kolej SATT (ngaga program francais ari Universiti Teknologi MARA) enggau Institut Pengurusan Dinamik, Sarawak (ngaga program francais ari Universiti Tun Abdul Razak ). Kolej Teknologi Lanjutan Antarabansa Sarawak tauka ICATS iya nya sebengkah institusyen ti ditumbuhka nyadi inisiatif perintah nengeri dikena ngangkatka pelajar latih teknikal enggau vokasional ba raban nembiak ke udah abis sekula.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2013/12/01/striving-for-twofold-increase-cm-very-aggressive-plans-to-produce-more-technical-education-graduates/ |title=Striving for two-fold increase |work=The Star |date=1 December 2013 |access-date=9 June 2014 |author=Yu Ji |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609095304/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Community/2013/12/01/Striving-for-twofold-increase-CM-Very-aggressive-plans-to-produce-more-technical-education-graduates/ |archive-date=9 June 2014}}</ref> Kolej tu ditumbuhka ari perengka guna Kolej INTI Sarawak suba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2013/11/29/ppks-ilmu-buys-inti-college-facility-for-rm22mil/ |title=PPKS Ilmu buys Inti College facility for RM22mil |work=The Star |date=29 November 2013 |access-date=9 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609102018/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Community/2013/11/29/PPKS-Ilmu-buys-Inti-College-facility-for-RM22mil/ |archive-date=9 June 2014}}</ref> Dipejalai sebuah anak kompeni enggi perintah menua, ICATS ngemeratka pengawa ngasilka modal mensia ungkup sektor hi-tech, kelebih agi ungkup pemansang Koridor Kuasa Ulih Dikena Baru Sarawak.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2013/12/04/help-realise-score-dream-technical-education-institutions-urged/ |title=Help realise SCORE dream, technical education institutions urged |work=The Star |date=4 December 2013 |access-date=9 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609100826/http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Community/2013/12/04/Help-realise-SCORE-dream-technical-education-institutions-urged/ |archive-date=9 June 2014}}</ref> ===Librari=== [[Fail:The Sarawak State Library.gif|thumb|right|Librari Negeri Sarawak]] Librari Negeri Sarawak nyadi palan sumber pemadah ke besai lalu nyendiaka servis pemadah ngagai sektor mensia mayuh enggau peribit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarawak State Library: Our Background |url=http://www.pustaka-sarawak.com/Pustaka-Sarawak/about_us.php?do=our_background&abt_id=1 |publisher=Sarawak State Library |access-date=4 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604113052/http://www.pustaka-sarawak.com/Pustaka-Sarawak/about_us.php?do=our_background&abt_id=1 |archive-date=4 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Librari tu ungkup Kuching enggau kandang menua luar nyadi palan nyimpan rekod mensia mayuh. Kelimpah ari nya, iya ngatur, matau, sereta ngemudahka operasyen 36 buah librari kampung di nengeri tu ti dipelanja Librari Nasional Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarawak State Library: Public Library Services |url=http://www.pustaka-sarawak.com/Pustaka-Sarawak/about_us.php?do=public_library_services&abt_id=13 |publisher=Sarawak State Library |access-date=4 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604113233/http://www.pustaka-sarawak.com/Pustaka-Sarawak/about_us.php?do=public_library_services&abt_id=13 |archive-date=4 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Librari mensia mayuh ke bukai di Kuching nyengkaum Librari Bandaraya DBKU<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction to DBKU city library |url=http://www.librarynet.com.my/libraries/dbkulib_intro.html |publisher=librarynet.com.my |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227202108/http://www.librarynet.com.my/libraries/dbkulib_intro.html |archive-date=27 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> enggau librari kampung baka di Bandar Baru Samariang, Kampung Samariang Lama, enggau Taman Sepakat Jaya. ==Adat, rekreasyen sereta lumba enggau main== === Pekara ti narit ati enggau palan rekreasyen === ====Adat==== [[Fail:Old Sarawak Museum.jpg|thumb|Begunan Muzium Negeri Sarawak digaga Rajah Charles Brooke dalam taun 1891 lalu digaga bepelasarka arkitektur balai raya Normandy.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://seeds.theborneopost.com/2015/07/27/discover-sarawak-museums-architectural-origins/ |title=Discover Sarawak Museum's architectural origins |publisher=The Borneo Post Seeds |date=27 July 2015 |access-date=3 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803094516/http://seeds.theborneopost.com/2015/07/27/discover-sarawak-museums-architectural-origins/ |archive-date=3 August 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>]] Kuching ngintu sekeda muzium ti mandangka budaya enggau sejarah iya. Muzium Nengeri Sarawak, sebengkah ari muzium ke pemadu manah di Asia lalu dikelala nyadi begunan Kuching ke pemadu tuai sereta besejarah, ti mandangka koleksyen bansa asal di Sarawak.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Alice Yen Ho |title=Old Kuching |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GlhvAAAAMAAJ |date=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-983-56-0050-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=Robert L. Winzeler |title=The Architecture of Life and Death in Borneo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=niS2FbfVzj4C&pg=PA160 |date=January 2004 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-2632-1 |pages=160–}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author1=Jan van Harssel |author2=Richard H Jackson |author3=Lloyd E. Hudman |title=National Geographic Learning's Visual Geography of Travel and Tourism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B1LmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT530 |date=23 January 2014 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-305-17647-8 |pages=530–}}</ref> Betentang terus enggau Muzium Sarawak iya nya Muzium Budaya Borneo ti nganti Dewan Tun Abdul Razak. Muzium Budaya Borneo (dibuka kena 9 Mac 2022) iya nya sebuah begunan lima ringkat moden enggau langkar arkitektur ti nyelai ti mandangka pengelandik jari asal Sarawak ti nyelai sereta pesaka budaya ti kaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarawak Museum Department |url=https://museum.sarawak.gov.my/page-0-209-169-Borneo-Cultures-Museum.html |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=museum.sarawak.gov.my}}</ref> Seraya ke bepalan betul-betul ba belakang Muzium Budaya Borneo iya nya Muzium Pesaka Islam. Muzium bukai di Kuching nyengkaum Muzium Sejarah China, Muzium Kucing Kuching, Muzium Kayu Sarawak enggau Muzium Tekstil Sarawak. Mengeri Kuching mega nyadi palan endur ngaga planetarium keterubah di Malaysia,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Asiatechnology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ynq5AAAAIAAJ |publisher=Review Publishing Company Limited}}</ref> Planetarium Sultan Iskandar ti besepiak enggau Palan Sivik Kuching. ====Palan besejarah==== [[Fail:Astana Sarawak.JPG|thumb|Astana, siti ari palan sejarah ba mengeri tu.]] Tanda enggau palan sejarah ti narit ati di Kuching nyengkaum [[Astana, Sarawak|Astana]] (istana Rajah Putih suba lalu diatu nyadi palan pengentap pendiau rasmi [[Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak]]), enggau Fort Margherita. Jalai ke pemadu tuai di Kuching iya nya Main Bazaar, iya nya rintai rumah kedai China abad ke-19 ke bepalan ba sepemanjai Tebing Ai Kuching ti ngabas Sungai Sarawak. Iya nyendiaka konsentrasi kedai antik enggau kraf jari ke pemadu manah di mengeri tu. Bazaar Besai nya sebagi ari mengeri lama Kuching, ke mega nyengkaum Jalai Carpenter enggau Jalai India.<ref name="carpenter street">{{Cite web |url=https://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/main-bazaar-carpenter-street/ |title=Main Bazaar and Carpenter Street |publisher=Sarawak Tourism |access-date=7 March 2017 |location=Kuching}}</ref> Begunan lama Courthouse, ti bepalan ba entara Carpenter Street enggau India Street, udah diubah enggau besai lalu diatu endur kompleks Lembaga Dagang Temuai Sarawak.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sarawaktourism.com/blog/explore-kuching-heritage-in-2-hours/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207231949/http://sarawaktourism.com/blog/explore-kuching-heritage-in-2-hours/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 February 2015 |title=Explore Kuching Heritage in 2 hours |publisher=Sarawak Tourism |date=14 September 2012 |access-date=7 March 2017 |location=Kuching}}</ref> Sekeda kandang endur bukai ti narit ati ngelingi pelilih dagang tengah nya nyengkaum Jalai Padungan, iya nya Chinatown Kuching.<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Charles de Ledesma |author2=Mark Lewis |author3=Pauline Savage |title=The Rough Guide to Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UfojoOlXKDcC |date=2000 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-85828-565-8}}</ref> Ba taun 2014, jaku tangkan minta Monumen Bersejarah Kuching dipasukka dalam rintai pesaka dunya dibantaika ngagai mensia mayuh.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/11/19/call-for-nomination-of-kuching-waterfront-to-become-unesco-world-heritage-site/ |title=Call for nomination of Kuching Waterfront to become Unesco World Heritage site |newspaper=The Borneo Post |date=19 November 2014 |access-date=23 January 2019}}</ref> Dalam taun 2017, siti pansik udah dipejalaika bekaul enggau peluang mengeri Kuching dichalun dalam rintai pesaka dunya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2017/11/30/improving-kuchings-chances-of-receiving-unesco-recognition/ |title=Improving Kuching's chances of receiving Unesco recognition |author=Geryl Ogilvy |work=The Star |date=30 November 2017 |access-date=23 January 2019}}</ref> [[Fail:Darul Hana Purple.jpg|thumb|Darul Hana Bridge at night]] ====Palan penyaga==== Sepenyampau palan lepa enggau palan ngintu rampa menua ulih ditemu di Kuching. Taman Negara Talang-Satang ditumbuh enggau tuju keterubah iya nya ngintu populasyen penyu tasik Sarawak.<ref name="turtles">{{Cite web |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/03/20/talang-satang-national-park-a-sanctuary-for-endangered-turtles/ |title=Talang Satang National Park a sanctuary for endangered turtles |work=Bernama |publisher=The Borneo Post |date=20 March 2012 |access-date=6 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806055933/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/03/20/talang-satang-national-park-a-sanctuary-for-endangered-turtles/ |archive-date=6 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Iya mungkur semua pemesai urung {{Cvt|19,400|hectare|0}}, lalu mungkur semua tanah ke baruh ari tanda ai pasang ba pulau-pulau nya empu.<ref name="tforestry">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-satang.html |title=Talang-Satang National Park |publisher=Sarawak Forestry Corporation |access-date=6 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806060315/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-satang.html |archive-date=6 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Taman tu mega mungkur garis pantai enggau tasik ngelingi empat buah pulau pantai barat daya Sarawak; Talang Besar, Talang Kecil ari Sematan, enggau Satang Besar enggau Satang Kecil ari Santubong, semak Kuching.<ref name="turtles"/> Empat iti "Pulau Penyu" tu megai tanggungpengawa ngagai 95% ari semua endur penyu bedarat di Sarawak lalu taman tu mega nyengkaum Palan Pengelikun Jelu Siga Pulau Tukong Ara-Banun, dua iti pulau mit ti nyadi palan nyabung ti beguna ungkup koloni penyu ti bekekang enggau penyu bepunggung burak.<ref name="tforestry"/> Damai siti ari palan ngelantangka ati ba pantai Sarawak bepalan ba Semenanjung Santubong, urung 35 minit pejalai ari Kuching.<ref name="spdb">{{Cite web |url=http://www.etawau.com/Geography/Sarawak/01_Kuching/Kuching/JalanJalan/Santubong.htm |title=Santubong Peninsula (Damai Beach Resort and its surrounding) |publisher=e-tawau |date=4 April 2013 |access-date=6 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806080857/http://www.etawau.com/Geography/Sarawak/01_Kuching/Kuching/JalanJalan/Santubong.htm |archive-date=6 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kandang endur nya bisi pantai pasir ba kaki bukit ti dibungkur utan ti ngerinduka ati. Damai ngembuan tiga buah hotel resort tikas dunya baka Resort Pantai Damai, Resort enggau Spa Damai Puri sereta One Hotel Santubong.<ref name="BickerstethHinton1996">{{Cite book |author1=Jane Bickersteth |author2=Amanda Hinton |title=Malaysia & Singapore Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E5cuAQAAIAAJ |date=1996 |publisher=Footprint Handbooks |isbn=978-0-8442-4909-4}}</ref> Tetiap palan ngelantangka ati bisi pantai peribit kediri empu, kolam renang sereta bisi nyendiaka jet-ski, ski ai, ngelayang angin, basikal gunung, tenis, squash enggau palan pengerai tubuh. Pia mega bisi padang golf 18 lubang standard entarabansa ti digaga Arnold Palmer ti lagenda ti bepalan semak endur nya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.damaigolf.com/aboutus.php |title=About Damai Golf |publisher=Damai Golf and Country Club |access-date=6 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730105219/http://www.damaigolf.com/aboutus.php |archive-date=30 July 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Pekara bukai ti narit ati nyengkaum Damai Central, Permai Rainforest Resort, Kampung Budaya Sarawak enggau kampung berikan ti ngantuk Santubong enggau Buntal enggau restoran pemakai tasik ti chukup manah.<ref name="spdb"/> Seraya ungkup temuai ti rinduka aktiviti pengembaraan, bisi aktiviti trekking ba [[Bukit Santubong]].<ref name="BickerstethHinton1996"/> Kelimpah ari nya, Damai mega sebengkah ari palan di Sarawak endur meda empesut Irrawaddy laban jelu mamalia tu ulih dipeda ba sepemanjai Sungai Salak, muara Santubong enggau ba Teluk Bako-Buntal.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Helen Oon |title=Malaysia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uT77tYHpde8C&pg=PA60 |date=2008 |publisher=New Holland Publishers |isbn=978-1-84537-971-1 |pages=60–}}</ref> Semenanjung Santubong bisi nyendiaka sekeda palan endur meda burung enggau Gerempung Antarabansa BirdLife udah ngerejista selampur kandang endur ba Teluk Bako-Buntal nyadi ‘Kandang Endur Burung Penting’.<ref name="Thiessen2012"/> Entara bulan Oktober enggau Mac, Sungai Buntal nyadi palan ti beguna endur burung mindah maya musin chelap.<ref name="Thiessen2012"/> Burung ke udah dipeda Gerempung Rampa Menua Malaysia (Pampang Kuching) ba Buntal nyengkaum mayuh macham burung plover, sandpipers, egret, tern, enggau burung migran ke jarang ditemu bukai, lalu burung residen nyengkaum burung kingfisher ke bekolar, burung achang tasik perut putih, enggau layang-layang brahminy . .<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.etawau.com/Island/indexSarawak.htm |title=Islands and Beaches of Sarawak (Damai Beach, Santubong Peninsula) |publisher=e-tawau |date=6 August 2013 |access-date=6 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806095847/http://www.etawau.com/Island/indexSarawak.htm |archive-date=6 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Taman Negara di Kuching nyengkaum Taman Negara Bako<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-bako.html |title=Bako National Park |publisher=Sarawak forestry cooperation |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129164858/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-bako.html |archive-date=29 January 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> enggau Taman Negara Tanah Paya Kuching<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/kuching-wetlands-national-park |title=Introducing Kuching Wetlands National Park |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211155038/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/kuching-wetlands-national-park |archive-date=11 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> pia mega Palan Jelu Siga Semenggoh ti bejalaika program rumah anak patu balu enggau pemulihan orangutan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-nr-semenggoh.html |title=Semenggoh Wildlife Centre |publisher=Sarawak forestry cooperation |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211155038/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/kuching-wetlands-national-park |archive-date=11 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bela bisi semak enggau Kuching iya nya Taman Negara Gunung Gading<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-gading.html |title=Gunung Gading National Park |publisher=Sarawak forestry cooperation |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804060000/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-gading.html |archive-date=4 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> enggau Taman Negara Kubah.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-kubah.html |title=Kubah National Park |publisher=Sarawak forestry cooperation |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202200259/http://www.sarawakforestry.com/htm/snp-np-kubah.html |archive-date=2 December 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bepalan urung 40 minit pejalai ari Kuching iya nya Santubong, sebuah kandang endur ngelantangka ati ba pantai ti tampak sereta endur mayuh bengkah palan ngelantangka ati ba pantai ti bekualiti dunya. Pantai bukai ti besemak enggau Kuching iya nya Pantai Lundu enggau Pantai Sematan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sarawak-vacation-destinations.com/Lundu-tourist-attractions.html |title=Lundu Tourists Attractions is a mixture of nature beauty and sandy beaches |publisher=Sarawak -vacations-destinations.com |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623085807/http://www.sarawak-vacation-destinations.com/Lundu-tourist-attractions.html |archive-date=23 June 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Resort Tanah Tinggi Borneo mega bisi semak dia, bepalan 1000-meter ari tikas tasik.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.borneohighlands.com.my/ |title=Welcome to Borneo Highlands Resort |publisher=Borneo Highlands Resort |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121194453/http://www.borneohighlands.com.my/ |archive-date=21 January 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ====Pemandang bukai==== [[Fail:DUN Sarawak.JPG|thumb|right|Begunan Baru Aum Kunsil Negeri Sarawak.]] [[Fail:Islamic Heritage Museum - Madrasah Melayu Kuching (Old) 01.jpg|thumb|right|Ex-Madrasah Melayu Kuching (ke diatu nyadi Muzium Pesaka Islam).]] Tebing Ai Kuching iya nya sebuah jalai tebing sungai pemanjai 2 kilometer ti bepun ari hotel besai enggau palan komersial mengeri nyentuk ke tengah mengeri Kuching.<ref name="arts">{{Cite book |title=Craft Arts International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7BUAAAAMAAJ |date=1994 |publisher=Craft Art Pty. Limited}}</ref> Digaga bala arkitek Sydney,<ref name="arts"/> landskap tebing ai nya disediaka enggau langkau pemakai, restoran, bangku sereta meri pemandang ti manah ngagai Astana, Fort Margherita, enggau [[Begunan Baru Aum Kunsil Negeri Sarawak]].<ref name="Chang1999"/> Tebing ai nya mega bisi menara pemerati, teater tebuka enggau pancur ai muzikal.<ref name="Chang1999"/> Mural Orangutan Kuching nya gambar ti beguna amat ba sebuah kerita sorong ti diisi enggau lapan iku anak orangutan enggau siku agi anak orangutan ti berayun ari paip. Iya dilukis Ernest Zacharevic ba sepemanjai Power Street di mengeri nya kena 27 April 2014. Mural pemadu baru tu dilukis ngena gaya interaktif Zacharevic ke biasa, enggau kereta sorong ke bendar dibelah dua lalu ditanchang ba dinding ngambika mensia mayuh ulih ngambi gambar selfie seraya bepegai ba pegai iya. Ba lansa bukai, anak orangutan nya dilukis ba atas paku ba dinding, endur orang ulih ‘ngengkah’ barang ba jari iya.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2014/04/29/zacharevic-moves-on-to-five-more-masterpieces-on-kuching-walls/ |title=Zacharevic moves on to five more masterpieces on Kuching walls |newspaper=The Borneo Post |date=29 April 2014 |access-date=4 August 2015}}</ref> ====Lumba==== [[Fail:Stadion MBKS 2024 03.jpg|thumb|Stadium MBKS ba Bintawa.]] Ba main bol, Kuching diarika [[Kuching City F.C.]], ke kala bemain ba [[Stadium Negeri Sarawak]] enggau [[Sarawak United F.C.]], ke kala bemain ba Stadium Sarawak. ====Palan bebeli barang==== [[Fail:Medan Niaga Satok.jpg|thumb|Medan Niaga Satok.]] {{See also|List of shopping malls in Malaysia}} Kuching ngembuan sekeda palan bebeli barang. Tu nyengkaum VivaCity Megamall, Aeon Mall Kuching Central, The Spring, Plaza Merdeka, Farley Mall, CityONE Megamall, Kuching Sentral, Emart Lee Ling, Emart Batu Kawa, Emart Tabuan Jaya, Eco Mall, MetroMall, Aeroville Mall, Eastern Mall, Matang Mall, Sarawak Plaza, Riverside Shopping Complex, Majma' Mall, Moyan Square, Genesis Parade, Green Heights Mall, Wisma Saberkas, sereta mayuh agi ke bukai.<ref name="Group2008" /> Mayuh agi palan bebelika barang deka dibuka ba mengeri tu lebuh pengawa ngaga majak dipejalai.<ref name="Group2008" /> Pasar Ujung Minggu Satok bepalan ba Medan Niaga Satok lalu beoperasyen maya Hari Enam enggau Hari Enam. Mayuh macham sayur enggau buah ulih ditemu dia nyengkaum asil pengelandik jari bukai, asil kampung (baka madu kampung), utai tumbuh orkid, enggau mayuh macham pemakai snek enggau pemakai menua tu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/satok-weekend-market/ |title=Satok Weekend Market |publisher=Sarawak Tourism |access-date=7 March 2017 |archive-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021070652/https://sarawaktourism.com/attraction/satok-weekend-market/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ====Pemerindang==== {{See also|List of cinemas in Malaysia}} [[Fail:The National geographic magazine (Page 165) BHL40563162.jpg|thumb|Pengawa mandangka wayang ba Kuching, {{Circa|1919}}.]] Bisi lima buah panggung wayang ke bepalan ngelingi mengeri tu, ke tebal agi bepalan ba dalam begunan palan bebelika barang (The Spring, CityONE, VivaCity, Riverside, Summer Mall). Tebal agi panggung wayang nya diempu [[Golden Screen Cinemas]], [[MBO Cinemas]], [[TGV Cinemas]] enggau mmCineplexes.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thesundaily.my/news/782646 |title=TGV to open first cinema in Sarawak next year |newspaper=[[The Sun (Malaysia)|The Sun]] |date=28 July 2013 |access-date=21 December 2015 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192315/http://www.thesundaily.my/news/782646 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bookaroo, sebengkah pengerami sastera anak mit, bejalai ari India ngagai Kuching kenyau ari taun 2016 lalu diatur dalam bulan April ba mengeri nya ninting taun ke ngayanka Bookaroo Kuching Fest. Pengerami tu ngelaluka pengarang, ilustrator, tukang cherita, enggau pemerindang ari serata dunya, ngansak bala nembiak mai bup enggau sida.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bookaroo.in/city-homepage/kuching-2016/ |title=Bookaroo Festival Kuching 2016 |publisher=Bookaroo |access-date=21 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421040200/http://www.bookaroo.in/city-homepage/kuching-2016/ |archive-date=21 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bookaroo.in/year/ |title=Bookaroo Festival Kuching 2017 |publisher=Bookaroo |access-date=21 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421040339/http://www.bookaroo.in/year/ |archive-date=21 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Muzik=== Kenyau ari taun 1997, Kuching udah nyadi tuai rumah ngatur Festival Muzik Utan Ujan Dunya (RWMF), pengerami muzik ninting taun ti mai pemerindang enggau orang ke meda ngagai rantau tu ari serata dunya. Diatur Kampung Budaya Sarawak besemak enggau Gunung Santubong, pengerami tu diatu nyadi sebengkah ari pengerami muzik ke pemadu besai di Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goasia/od/Events-and-Holidays/a/Rainforest-World-Music-Festival.htm |title=Rainforest World Music Festival - Tips for enjoying the RWMF near Kuching in Sarawak, Borneo |publisher=goasia |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710104118/http://goasia/od/Events-and-Holidays/a/Rainforest-World-Music-Festival.htm |archive-date=10 July 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fest300.com/festivals/rainforest-world-music-festival |title=Rainforest World Music Festival - Join tens of thousands of melody-makers and party-goers in the Malaysian jungle for a three day-long celebration of diverse musical styles from around the globe. |publisher=fest300.com |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024184440/https://www.fest300.com/festivals/rainforest-world-music-festival |archive-date=24 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.asiarooms.com/en/community/festivals-and-events/music-festivals-asia/ |title=7 Biggest Music Festivals in Asia for 2014 |publisher=asiarooms.com |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828162028/http://www.asiarooms.com/en/community/festivals-and-events/music-festivals-asia/ |archive-date=28 August 2014 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> RWMF udah dipilih nyadi Top 25 Festival Antarabansa Pemadu Manah ari majalah Songlines ke bepalan ba Britain.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?sec=sarawak&file=%2f2011%2f4%2f8%2fsarawak%2f8437342 |title=RWMF among 25 top festivals |work=The Star |date=8 April 2011 |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-date=11 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211155938/http://www.thestar.com.my/story/?sec=sarawak&file=%2f2011%2f4%2f8%2fsarawak%2f8437342 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Stesyen radio=== Stesyen radio muzik ke bisi ba nengeri Kuching iya nya [[Radio Klasik FM]] (87.6), [[Nasional FM]] (88.1), [[Sarawak FM]] (88.9), [[TraXX FM]] (89.9), [[Ai FM]] (90.7), [[Cats FM]] (99.3), [[Hot FM (Malaysia)|Hot FM]] (94.3), [[Hitz (radio station)|Hitz]] (95.3), [[Era (radio station)|Era]] (96.1), [[My (radio station)|My]] (96.9), [[Mix (Malaysian radio station)|Mix]] (97.7), [[One FM]] (98.3), [[Lite (radio station)|Lite Sarawak]] (100.1), [[Bernama Radio]] (100.9), [[Wai FM]] (101.3), [[Sinar (radio station)|Sinar]] (102.1) and [[Melody (radio station)|Melody]] (103.7). ==Kaul entarabansa== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Malaysia#Kuching|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Malaysia}} Sekeda bengkah menua udah numbuhka opis konsulat sida di Kuching, nyengkaum [[Australia]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/missions/countries/myku.html |title=Australian Consulate in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia |publisher=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia |access-date=3 June 2014 |archive-date=23 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623005153/http://dfat.gov.au/missions/countries/myku.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Brunei]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mofat.gov.bn/index.php/directory-of-missions-abroad/item/523-consulate-general-of-brunei-darussalam-in-kuching-sarawak-malaysia |title=Consulate General of Brunei Darussalam in Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Brunei |access-date=3 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606211208/http://www.mofat.gov.bn/index.php/directory-of-missions-abroad/item/523-consulate-general-of-brunei-darussalam-in-kuching-sarawak-malaysia |archive-date=6 June 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[China]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/2498_665360/2499_665362/t14541.shtml |title=Chinese Consulate-General in Kuching (Malaysia) |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, China |access-date=3 June 2014}}</ref> [[Denmark]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://malaysia.um.dk/en/travel-and-residence/danish-consulates/ |title=Danish Consulates |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Denmark |access-date=3 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606223459/http://malaysia.um.dk/en/travel-and-residence/danish-consulates/ |archive-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> [[Peranchis]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ambafrance-my.org/Consulate |title=Consulate |publisher=Embassy of France in Kuala Lumpur |access-date=3 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606210718/http://www.ambafrance-my.org/Consulate |archive-date=6 June 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Indonesia]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kjrikuching.com/ |title=Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia, Kuching |publisher=Consulate General of Indonesia, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia |access-date=4 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605114651/http://www.kjrikuching.com/ |archive-date=5 June 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Poland]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/malaysia/documents/eu_travel/hon_consulates_in_malaysia_en.pdf |title=Honorary Consulates in Malaysia |publisher=[[European External Action Service]] |access-date=2 June 2013}}</ref> enggau [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/priority/supporting-british-nationals-in-malaysia |title=Supporting British nationals in Malaysia |quote=Working with local partners and honorary representatives in Penang, Langkawi, Kota Kinabalu and Kuching to assist British nationals |publisher=[[Government of the United Kingdom]] |access-date=4 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714210143/https://www.gov.uk/government/priority/supporting-british-nationals-in-malaysia |archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> ===Nengeri menyadi=== Kuching diatu ngembuan dua belas iti nengeri menyadi: {{Div col|colwidth=22em}} *{{Flagicon|PRC}} [[Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture|Dali]], China.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/05/07/dbku-and-bai-ethnic-group-sign-letter-of-intent/ |title=DBKU and Bai ethnic group sign letter of intent |newspaper=The Borneo Post |date=7 May 2015 |access-date=8 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508150657/http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/05/07/dbku-and-bai-ethnic-group-sign-letter-of-intent/ |archive-date=8 May 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{Flagicon|PRC}} [[Kunming]], China.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.kunming.cn/index/content/2012-04/20/content_2923506.htm |title=Kunming and Kuching build sister city relations |author=InKunming |publisher=en.kunming.cn |date=20 April 2012 |access-date=9 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604113701/http://en.kunming.cn/index/content/2012-04/20/content_2923506.htm |archive-date=4 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{Flagicon|PRC}} [[Xiamen]], China.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.richmondreview.com/news/149095385.html |title=Richmond to become 16th sister of Xiamen |quote=Richmond will be Xiamen's first Canadian sister city and fourth in North America, where Xiamen's other friends are Baltimore, Md., Sarasota, Fla. and Guadalajara, Mexico. Its other sister cities are Cardiff, Wales; Sasebo, Japan; Cebu, Philippines; Wellington, New Zealand; Penang, Malaysia; Marathon, Greece; Sunshine Coast, Australia; Kaunas, Lithuania; Zoetermeer, Netherlands; Kuching, Malaysia; Surabaya, Indonesia; and Mokpo, South Korea. |author=Matthew Hoekstra |publisher=Richmond Review |date=26 April 2012 |access-date=4 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604113916/http://www.richmondreview.com/news/149095385.html |archive-date=4 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{Flagicon|PRC}} [[Zhenjiang]], China.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/cities-abroad-keen-to-forge-ties-with-kuching-1.118862 |title=Cities abroad keen to forge ties with Kuching |newspaper=New Straits Times |date=2 August 2012 |access-date=4 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604114202/http://www.nst.com.my/nation/general/cities-abroad-keen-to-forge-ties-with-kuching-1.118862 |archive-date=4 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{Flagicon|IDN}} [[Bandung]], Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bandungkita.id/2019/09/21/sarawak-malaysia-jajaki-kerjasama-sister-city-dengan-kota-bandung/ |title=Sarawak Malaysia Jajaki Kerjasama Sister City dengan Kota Bandung |trans-title=Sarawak Malaysia Establish Sister City Co-operation with Bandung City |author=M Zezen Zainal M |language=id |publisher=Bandung Kita |date=21 September 2019 |access-date=26 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926030359/https://bandungkita.id/2019/09/21/sarawak-malaysia-jajaki-kerjasama-sister-city-dengan-kota-bandung/ |archive-date=26 September 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.galamedianews.com/bandung-raya/234505/sarawak-malaysia-ajak-kota-bandung-jadi-sister-city.html |title=Sarawak Malaysia Ajak Kota Bandung Jadi Sister City |trans-title=Sarawak Malaysia Invites Bandung City To Become Sister City |author=Brilliant Awal |language=id |publisher=Gala Media News |date=21 September 2019 |access-date=26 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926030659/http://www.galamedianews.com/bandung-raya/234505/sarawak-malaysia-ajak-kota-bandung-jadi-sister-city.html |archive-date=26 September 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{Flagicon|IDN}} [[Pontianak, West Kalimantan|Pontianak]], Indonesia.<ref name="bags">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2011/08/27/kuching-bags-one-of-only-two-coveted-tourist-city-award-in-asia |title=Kuching bags one of only two coveted 'Tourist City Award' in Asia |author=Yu Ji |work=The Star |date=27 August 2011 |access-date=1 July 2015}}</ref> *{{Flagicon|IDN}} [[Singkawang]], Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/128632/sarawak-chambers-explore-cooperation-with-singkawang |title=Sarawak Chambers explore cooperation with Singkawang |author1=Rendra Oxtora |author2=Aria Cindyara |author3=Fardah Assegaf |publisher=Antara |date=9 July 2019 |access-date=26 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926025705/https://en.antaranews.com/news/128632/sarawak-chambers-explore-cooperation-with-singkawang |archive-date=26 September 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{Flagicon|MAS}} [[Johor Bahru]], Malaysia.<ref name="bags"/> *{{Flagicon|SAU}} [[Jeddah]], Saudi Arabia.<ref name="bags"/> *{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Nashville]], USA <ref name="bags"/> *{{Flagicon|CAN}} [[Ottawa]], Canada <ref name="bags"/> *{{Flagicon|KOR}} [[Guro District, Seoul|Guro]], South Korea.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/08/30/mbks-establishes-relationship-with-korean-city/ |title=MBKS establishes relationship with Korean city |author=Eve Sonary Heng |newspaper=The Borneo Post |date=30 August 2012 |access-date=4 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604114628/http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/08/30/mbks-establishes-relationship-with-korean-city/ |archive-date=4 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{Div col end}} ==Peda Mega== {{Portal|Malaysia}} * [[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Kuching]] * [[Kuching Heroes' Cemetery]] * [[Ripih jalai ba Kuching]] ==Kereban sanding== {{Reflist}} ===Nota=== {{Commons category|Kuching}} {{Wikivoyage}} <references group="note"/> {{Sarawak}} qkalbj8en5my9r2y288a0p6215wdjnx 0 1847 18755 8677 2026-04-30T01:43:15Z Song GK 9 /* Penerang */ 18755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = Padang Bilun Entarabansa Miri | nativename = <small>''Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Miri''</small> | image = Miri Airport MRD.jpg | caption = View of the runway at Miri Airport | image-width = 200 | IATA = MYY | ICAO = WBGR | coordinates = {{Coord|04|19|31|N|113|59|18|E|display=inline,title}} | image_map = LocationMalaysia.svg | image_map_caption = [[Sarawak]] state in Malaysia | pushpin_map = Borneo#Malaysia East#Malaysia#Southeast Asia#Asia | pushpin_label = ''' MYY '''/WBGR | pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Miri]] , [[Sarawak]] , [[East Malaysia]] | type = Public | owner = [[Khazanah Nasional]] | operator = [[Malaysia Airports|Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad]] | city-served = [[Miri, Malaysia|Miri]], [[Sarawak]] | location = [[Miri, Malaysia|Miri]], [[Sarawak]] | hub = [[MASwings]], HAS International Sdn Bhd, Hornbill Skyways | timezone = [[Time in Malaysia|MST]] | utc = [[UTC+08:00]] | elevation-f = 59 | website = https://www.miriairport.com/ | metric-rwy = y | r1-number = 02/20 | r1-length-m = 2,745 | r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|Asphalt]] | stat-year = 2020 | stat1-header = Passenger | stat1-data = 876,402 ({{Decrease}} 64.0%) | stat2-header = Airfreight (metric tonnes) | stat2-data = 5,345 ({{Increase}} 1.3%) | stat3-header = Aircraft movements | stat3-data = 25,804 ({{Decrease}} 41.0%) | footnotes = Sources: Official web site<ref name=MAHB>[http://www.malaysiaairports.com.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6&Itemid=65 Miri International Airport, Sarawak] at [[Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad]]</ref><br />[[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]] Malaysia<ref name=AIP>[http://aip.dca.gov.my/aip%20pdf/AD/AD2/WBGG/WBGG%20-%20Kuching%20International%20Airport.pdf WBGR - MIRI] at Department of Civil Aviation Malaysia</ref> }} '''Padang Bilun Entarabangsa Miri'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mot.gov.my/en/aviation/infrastructure/list-of-airports|title=Official Portal Ministry of Transportation, Malaysia. List of Airports.}}</ref> {{Airport codes|MYY|WBGR}} nya sebengkah padang bilun bepalan ba {{Convert|9.5|km|abbr=on}} ari<ref name=AIP/> tenggara nengeri [[Miri]], [[Sarawak]]. Palan tu padang bilun keenam pemadu kisuk ba Malaysia, sereta padang bilun kedua pemadu kisuk ba Sarawak. == Kereban sanding == <references/> pq7ap3xpk19ulcoficoagtxdyq2d9en 0 2609 18768 10923 2026-04-30T02:12:42Z Song GK 9 /* Penyanding */ 18768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox church | name = Gerija Konsepsyen Dikandung Nadai Dosa | fullname = Gerija Parish Konsepsyen Dikandung Nadai Dosa | other name = | native_name = Pühima Neitsi Maarja Pärispatuta Saamise kirik | native_name_lang = | image = Tartu Catholic Church.JPG | imagesize = 230px | imagelink = | imagealt = | caption = | pushpin map = | pushpin label position = | pushpin map alt = | pushpin mapsize = | relief = | map caption = | latd = | latm = | lats = | latNS = | longd = | longm = | longs = | longEW = | iso region = | osgraw = <!-- TEXT --> | osgridref = <!-- {{gbmappingsmall| TEXT}} --> | location = [[Tartu]] | country = [[Estonia]] | denomination = [[Roman Katolik]] | previous denomination = | churchmanship = | membership = | attendance = | former name = | bull date = | founded date = | founder = | dedication = [[Konsepsyen Dikandung Nadai Dosa]] | dedicated date = | consecrated date = 1899 | cult = | relics = | events = | past bishop = | people = | status = Gerija Parish | functional status = Aktif | heritage designation = | designated date = | architect = | architectural type = Gerija | style = [[Gothic Revival architecture|Neo-gothic]] | years built = 1895-1899 | groundbreaking = 1862 | completed date = 1899 | construction cost = | closed date = | demolished date = | capacity = | length = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | width = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | width nave = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | height = | diameter = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | other dimensions = | floor count = | floor area = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | dome quantity = | dome height outer = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | dome height inner = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | dome dia outer = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | dome dia inner = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | spire quantity = 1 | spire height = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | materials = | bells = | bells hung = | bell weight = <!-- {{long ton|0| }} --> | parish = | deanery = | archdeaconry = | episcopalarea = | archdiocese = | metropolis = | diocese = | province = | presbytery = | synod = | circuit = | district = | division = | subdivision = | archbishop = | bishop = [[Philippe Jourdan]] | abbot = | prior = | subprior = | vicar = | exarch = | provost-rector = | provost = | viceprovost = | rector = Miguel Angel Arata Rosenthal | dean = | subdean = | archpriest = | precentor = | succentor = | chancellor = | canonchancellor = | canon = | canonpastor = | canonmissioner = | canontreasurer = | prebendary = | priestincharge = | priest = | asstpriest = | honpriest = | curate = | asstcurate = | minister = | assistant = | seniorpastor = | pastor = | chaplain = | archdeacon = | deacon = | deaconness = | reader = | student intern = | organistdom = | director = | elder = | organist = | organscholar = | chapterclerk = | laychapter = | warden = | verger = | businessmgr = | liturgycoord = | reledu = | rcia = | youthmin = | flowerguild = | musicgroup = | parishadmin = | serversguild = | embedded = }} '''Gerija Konsepsyen Dikandung Nadai Dosa'''<ref>[https://www.visitestonia.com/en/roman-catholic-church-of-immaculate-conception-of-the-blessed-virgin-mary Roman-catholic-church-of-immaculate-conception]</ref> ({{langx|et|Pühima Neitsi Maarja Pärispatuta Saamise kirik}}) dikelala mega gerija Katolik ba Tartu sereta nama rasmi iya "Gerija Konsepsyen Maria Dara Bungas ti Diberekat Dikandung Nadai Dosa" nya nama diberi ngagai siti gerija Katolik, ti bepalan ba nengeri [[Tartu]], nengeri kedua pemadu besai ba [[Estonia]]. ==Sejarah== Gerija tu nya struktur ke digaga entara taun 1895 enggau 1899. Iya semina gerija parish Katolik di Tartu. Gerija bata keterubah digaga dalam taun 1862 lalu dikuduska enggau rasmi dalam taun 1899. Begunan gerija tu digaga Wilhelm Schilling lalu digaga ngena gaya neo-gotik. Iya bepalan ba jalai Veski, Jakobi, Oru enggau Karl Ogos Hermann. Ketegal mayuh macham bansa ke nyadi eklisia tu ukai semina bisi Misa dalam jaku Estonia, tang mega dalam jaku Poland enggau English.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.katoliku.ee/index.php/en/30-cen/information/addresses/76-the-parish-of-the-immaculate-conception-of-the-most-holy-virgin-mary|title=The Parish of the Immaculate Conception of the Most Holy Virgin Mary|last=Igor|first=isa|website=www.katoliku.ee|access-date=2016-03-29|archive-date=2017-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706005728/http://www.katoliku.ee/index.php/en/30-cen/information/addresses/76-the-parish-of-the-immaculate-conception-of-the-most-holy-virgin-mary|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Kereban sanding== {{Reflist}} == Laman web ke bukai == * [http://www.neitsimaarja.edicypages.com/et Laman web eklesia] {{Coord|58.3826|N|26.7100|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} [[Kategori:Tartu]] 6z5m9r7j8heyah2z7rwkarsyje7vxm3 10 3289 18752 11657 2026-04-30T01:36:20Z Song GK 9 18752 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{short description|{{#if:{{{American|}}}|Soccer|Football}} club|noreplace}}</includeonly>{{Infobox | title = {{{title|{{{clubname|<includeonly>{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}} }}} | bodyclass = vcard | child = {{{child|}}} | subbox = {{{embed|}}} | templatestyles = infobox/mobileviewfix.css | titleclass = fn org | labelstyle = white-space: nowrap; text-align:left | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{{upright|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | caption = {{{caption|}}} | label1 = Nama penuh | data1 = {{{fullname|}}} | label2 = Nama gela | data2 = {{{nickname|}}} | class2 = nickname | label3 = Nama pandak | data3 = {{{short name|}}} | class3 = nickname | label4 = Ditumbuhka | data4 = {{{founded|}}} | label5 = Direrak | data5 = {{{dissolved|}}} | label6 = Stadium | data6 = {{#if:{{{stadium|}}}|{{{stadium|}}}|{{{ground|}}}}} | class6 = label | label7 = Buat | data7 = {{{capacity|}}} | label8 = Koordinat | data8 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|<span style="white-space:nowrap">{{{coordinates}}}</span>}} | label9 = {{#if:{{{owntitle|}}}|{{{owntitle}}}|Pengempu}} | data9 = {{{owner|}}} | label10 = {{#if:{{{chrtitle|}}}|{{{chrtitle}}}|Chairman}} | data10 = {{{chairman|}}} | class10 = agent | label11 = {{#if:{{{mgrtitle|}}}|{{{mgrtitle}}}|Manijer}} | data11 = {{{manager|}}} | class11 = agent | label12 = Pengajar | data12 = {{{coach|}}} | class12 = agent | label13 = Liga | data13 = {{{league|}}} | label14 = {{{season|}}} | data14 = {{{position|}}} | label15 = Laman web | data15 = {{{website|}}} | data16 = {{#if:{{{pattern_la1|}}}{{{pattern_b1|}}}{{{pattern_ra1|}}}{{{pattern_sh1|}}}{{{pattern_so1|}}}{{{leftarm1|}}}{{{body1|}}}{{{rightarm1|}}}{{{shorts1|}}}{{{socks1|}}} {{{pattern_la2|}}}{{{pattern_b2|}}}{{{pattern_ra2|}}}{{{pattern_sh2|}}}{{{pattern_so2|}}}{{{leftarm2|}}}{{{body2|}}}{{{rightarm2|}}}{{{shorts2|}}}{{{socks2|}}}{{{pattern_la3|}}}{{{pattern_b3|}}}{{{pattern_ra3|}}}{{{pattern_sh3|}}}{{{pattern_so3|}}}{{{leftarm3|}}}{{{body3|}}}{{{rightarm3|}}}{{{shorts3|}}}{{{socks3|}}} |<tr><td style="padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;" colspan="2"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center;"> <tr> {{#if:{{{pattern_la1|}}}{{{pattern_b1|}}}{{{pattern_ra1|}}}{{{pattern_sh1|}}}{{{pattern_so1|}}}{{{leftarm1|}}}{{{body1|}}}{{{rightarm1|}}}{{{shorts1|}}}{{{socks1|}}}| <td style="padding:0">{{Football kit | alt = {{{kit_alt1|}}} | pattern_la = {{{pattern_la1|}}} | pattern_b = {{{pattern_b1|_unknown}}} | pattern_ra = {{{pattern_ra1|}}} | pattern_sh = {{{pattern_sh1|}}} | pattern_so = {{{pattern_so1|}}} | leftarm = {{{leftarm1|}}} | body = {{{body1|}}} | rightarm = {{{rightarm1|}}} | shorts = {{{shorts1|}}} | socks = {{{socks1|}}} | title = Chura tuan rumah }}</td> }}{{#if:{{{pattern_la2|}}}{{{pattern_b2|}}}{{{pattern_ra2|}}}{{{pattern_sh2|}}}{{{pattern_so2|}}}{{{leftarm2|}}}{{{body2|}}}{{{rightarm2|}}}{{{shorts2|}}}{{{socks2|}}}| <td style="padding:0">{{Football kit | alt = {{{kit_alt2|}}} | pattern_la = {{{pattern_la2|}}} | pattern_b = {{{pattern_b2|_unknown}}} | pattern_ra = {{{pattern_ra2|}}} | pattern_sh = {{{pattern_sh2|}}} | pattern_so = {{{pattern_so2|}}} | leftarm = {{{leftarm2|}}} | body = {{{body2|}}} | rightarm = {{{rightarm2|}}} | shorts = {{{shorts2|}}} | socks = {{{socks2|}}} | title = {{#ifeq:{{{pattern_name2|Away}}}|Away|[[Away colours|Away {{#if:{{{American|}}}|colors|colours}}]]|{{{pattern_name2|Away}}} {{#if:{{{American|}}}|colors|colours}}}} }}</td> }}{{#if:{{{pattern_la3|}}}{{{pattern_b3|}}}{{{pattern_ra3|}}}{{{pattern_sh3|}}}{{{pattern_so3|}}}{{{leftarm3|}}}{{{body3|}}}{{{rightarm3|}}}{{{shorts3|}}}{{{socks3|}}}| <td style="padding:0">{{Football kit | alt = {{{kit_alt3|}}} | pattern_la = {{{pattern_la3|}}} | pattern_b = {{{pattern_b3|_unknown}}} | pattern_ra = {{{pattern_ra3|}}} | pattern_sh = {{{pattern_sh3|}}} | pattern_so = {{{pattern_so3|}}} | leftarm = {{{leftarm3|}}} | body = {{{body3|}}} | rightarm = {{{rightarm3|}}} | shorts = {{{shorts3|}}} | socks = {{{socks3|}}} | title = Chura ketiga }}</td> }}</tr> </table></td></tr>}} | belowclass = noprint | below = {{#if:{{{current|}}}|[[File:Soccerball current event.svg|33px|link=|alt=]] ''[[{{{current}}}|Current season]]''}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox football club with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox football club]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| alt | American | body1 | body2 | body3 | capacity | caption | chairman | chrtitle | clubname | coach | coordinates | current | dissolved | founded | fullname | ground | image | image_size | kit_alt1 | kit_alt2 | kit_alt3 | league | leftarm1 | leftarm2 | leftarm3 | manager | mgrtitle | nickname | owner | owntitle | pattern_b1 | pattern_b2 | pattern_b3 | pattern_la1 | pattern_la2 | pattern_la3 | pattern_name1 | pattern_name2 | pattern_name3 | pattern_ra1 | pattern_ra2 | pattern_ra3 | pattern_sh1 | pattern_sh2 | pattern_sh3 | pattern_so1 | pattern_so2 | pattern_so3 | position | rightarm1 | rightarm2 | rightarm3 | season | short name | shorts1 | shorts2 | shorts3 | socks1 | socks2 | socks3 | stadium | title | upright | website }}{{#if:{{{American|}}}|[[Category:football team templates which use American parameter]] }}{{#if:{{{short name|}}}|[[Category:football team templates which use short name parameter]] }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- please place categories on the documentation page; language links go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> 268gn71esxyret5wf3zrihidywo3itn 18753 18752 2026-04-30T01:40:31Z Song GK 9 18753 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{short description|{{#if:{{{American|}}}|Soccer|Football}} club|noreplace}}</includeonly>{{Infobox | title = {{{title|{{{clubname|<includeonly>{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}} }}} | bodyclass = vcard | child = {{{child|}}} | subbox = {{{embed|}}} | templatestyles = infobox/mobileviewfix.css | titleclass = fn org | labelstyle = white-space: nowrap; text-align:left | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright={{{upright|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | caption = {{{caption|}}} | label1 = Nama penuh | data1 = {{{fullname|}}} | label2 = Nama gela | data2 = {{{nickname|}}} | class2 = nickname | label3 = Nama pandak | data3 = {{{short name|}}} | class3 = nickname | label4 = Ditumbuhka | data4 = {{{founded|}}} | label5 = Direrak | data5 = {{{dissolved|}}} | label6 = Stadium | data6 = {{#if:{{{stadium|}}}|{{{stadium|}}}|{{{ground|}}}}} | class6 = label | label7 = Buat | data7 = {{{capacity|}}} | label8 = Koordinat | data8 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|<span style="white-space:nowrap">{{{coordinates}}}</span>}} | label9 = {{#if:{{{owntitle|}}}|{{{owntitle}}}|Pengempu}} | data9 = {{{owner|}}} | label10 = {{#if:{{{chrtitle|}}}|{{{chrtitle}}}|Chairman}} | data10 = {{{chairman|}}} | class10 = agent | label11 = {{#if:{{{mgrtitle|}}}|{{{mgrtitle}}}|Manijer}} | data11 = {{{manager|}}} | class11 = agent | label12 = Pengajar | data12 = {{{coach|}}} | class12 = agent | label13 = Liga | data13 = {{{league|}}} | label14 = {{{season|}}} | data14 = {{{position|}}} | label15 = Laman web | data15 = {{{website|}}} | data16 = {{#if:{{{pattern_la1|}}}{{{pattern_b1|}}}{{{pattern_ra1|}}}{{{pattern_sh1|}}}{{{pattern_so1|}}}{{{leftarm1|}}}{{{body1|}}}{{{rightarm1|}}}{{{shorts1|}}}{{{socks1|}}} {{{pattern_la2|}}}{{{pattern_b2|}}}{{{pattern_ra2|}}}{{{pattern_sh2|}}}{{{pattern_so2|}}}{{{leftarm2|}}}{{{body2|}}}{{{rightarm2|}}}{{{shorts2|}}}{{{socks2|}}}{{{pattern_la3|}}}{{{pattern_b3|}}}{{{pattern_ra3|}}}{{{pattern_sh3|}}}{{{pattern_so3|}}}{{{leftarm3|}}}{{{body3|}}}{{{rightarm3|}}}{{{shorts3|}}}{{{socks3|}}} |<tr><td style="padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;" colspan="2"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center;"> <tr> {{#if:{{{pattern_la1|}}}{{{pattern_b1|}}}{{{pattern_ra1|}}}{{{pattern_sh1|}}}{{{pattern_so1|}}}{{{leftarm1|}}}{{{body1|}}}{{{rightarm1|}}}{{{shorts1|}}}{{{socks1|}}}| <td style="padding:0">{{Football kit | alt = {{{kit_alt1|}}} | pattern_la = {{{pattern_la1|}}} | pattern_b = {{{pattern_b1|_unknown}}} | pattern_ra = {{{pattern_ra1|}}} | pattern_sh = {{{pattern_sh1|}}} | pattern_so = {{{pattern_so1|}}} | leftarm = {{{leftarm1|}}} | body = {{{body1|}}} | rightarm = {{{rightarm1|}}} | shorts = {{{shorts1|}}} | socks = {{{socks1|}}} | title = Chura tuan rumah }}</td> }}{{#if:{{{pattern_la2|}}}{{{pattern_b2|}}}{{{pattern_ra2|}}}{{{pattern_sh2|}}}{{{pattern_so2|}}}{{{leftarm2|}}}{{{body2|}}}{{{rightarm2|}}}{{{shorts2|}}}{{{socks2|}}}| <td style="padding:0">{{Football kit | alt = {{{kit_alt2|}}} | pattern_la = {{{pattern_la2|}}} | pattern_b = {{{pattern_b2|_unknown}}} | pattern_ra = {{{pattern_ra2|}}} | pattern_sh = {{{pattern_sh2|}}} | pattern_so = {{{pattern_so2|}}} | leftarm = {{{leftarm2|}}} | body = {{{body2|}}} | rightarm = {{{rightarm2|}}} | shorts = {{{shorts2|}}} | socks = {{{socks2|}}} | title = {{#ifeq:{{{pattern_name2|Away}}}|Away|[[Away colours|Away {{#if:{{{American|}}}|colors|colours}}]]|{{{pattern_name2|Away}}} {{#if:{{{American|}}}|colors|colours}}}} }}</td> }}{{#if:{{{pattern_la3|}}}{{{pattern_b3|}}}{{{pattern_ra3|}}}{{{pattern_sh3|}}}{{{pattern_so3|}}}{{{leftarm3|}}}{{{body3|}}}{{{rightarm3|}}}{{{shorts3|}}}{{{socks3|}}}| <td style="padding:0">{{Football kit | alt = {{{kit_alt3|}}} | pattern_la = {{{pattern_la3|}}} | pattern_b = {{{pattern_b3|_unknown}}} | pattern_ra = {{{pattern_ra3|}}} | pattern_sh = {{{pattern_sh3|}}} | pattern_so = {{{pattern_so3|}}} | leftarm = {{{leftarm3|}}} | body = {{{body3|}}} | rightarm = {{{rightarm3|}}} | shorts = {{{shorts3|}}} | socks = {{{socks3|}}} | title = Chura ketiga }}</td> }}</tr> </table></td></tr>}} | belowclass = noprint | below = {{#if:{{{current|}}}|[[File:Soccerball current event.svg|33px|link=|alt=]] ''[[{{{current}}}|Current season]]''}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox football club with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox football club]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| alt | American | body1 | body2 | body3 | capacity | caption | chairman | chrtitle | clubname | coach | coordinates | current | dissolved | founded | fullname | ground | image | image_size | kit_alt1 | kit_alt2 | kit_alt3 | league | leftarm1 | leftarm2 | leftarm3 | manager | mgrtitle | nickname | owner | owntitle | pattern_b1 | pattern_b2 | pattern_b3 | pattern_la1 | pattern_la2 | pattern_la3 | pattern_name1 | pattern_name2 | pattern_name3 | pattern_ra1 | pattern_ra2 | pattern_ra3 | pattern_sh1 | pattern_sh2 | pattern_sh3 | pattern_so1 | pattern_so2 | pattern_so3 | position | rightarm1 | rightarm2 | rightarm3 | season | short name | shorts1 | shorts2 | shorts3 | socks1 | socks2 | socks3 | stadium | title | upright | website }}{{#if:{{{American|}}}|[[Category:football team templates which use American parameter]] }}{{#if:{{{short name|}}}|[[Kategori:Templat tim bul sipak ti ngena parameter nama pandak]] }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- please place categories on the documentation page; language links go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> i3pgf0zzm3oo3t81xkx44rtffjdf147 0 6475 18742 2026-04-29T15:51:57Z Jang Edgar 20 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox organization |name = Serakup Bul Sipak <br/> ''Persatuan Bolasepak Kuching'' <br/> ''Kuching Football Association'' |image = |image_size = |caption = |abbreviation = |formation = 2015 |purpose = Serakup bul sipak |headquarters = Stadium Negeri, [[Petra Jaya]] |location = [[Kuching]], [[Sarawak]] |coordinates = |leader_title = |leader_name = |website = [https://fasarawak.sukandigital.com/teamdeta...' 18742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization |name = Serakup Bul Sipak <br/> ''Persatuan Bolasepak Kuching'' <br/> ''Kuching Football Association'' |image = |image_size = |caption = |abbreviation = |formation = 2015 |purpose = Serakup bul sipak |headquarters = Stadium Negeri, [[Petra Jaya]] |location = [[Kuching]], [[Sarawak]] |coordinates = |leader_title = |leader_name = |website = [https://fasarawak.sukandigital.com/teamdetail/fa74bf65-d544-40f7-88f4-31196017712d?compId=e746fe7d-263f-4853-a1c4-f169fe70fb24 Kuching FA] }} '''Serakup Bul Sipak Kuching''' tauka dikelala enggau jaku kedut jaku Inggeris iya {{lang|en|'''Kuching Football Association''' (KFA)}} ([[Jaku Melayu]]: ''Persatuan Bolasepak Kuching'') nya tubuh serakup [[bul sipak|main bul sipak]] ungkup kandang menua [[Malaysia]] iya nya [[Sarawak]]. Serakup indu iya nya [[Serakup Bul Sipak Sarawak]] (FAS). Batang tuju KFA nyengkaum ngemansang bul sipak ba renggat sekula, indu sereta kelab amateur clubs ba [[Pelilih Menua Kuching]], Sarawak. ==Sejarah== Ba taun 2015, enggau pemungkal [[Liga Bul Sipak Rayat]] ti diberi kelala [[Gerempung Bul Sipak Malaysia]], tuju liga nya dikena ngubah liga baruh di Malaysia sereta ngelakuka main bol amatur ba semua pelilih menua enggau negeri di serata Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sports247.my/v1/2015/06/liga-bola-sepak-rakyat-lbr-to-revive-interest-at-district-level/|title=Liga Bola Sepak Rakyat (LBR) to revive interest at district level|work=SPORTS247.MY – The Ultimate Malaysian Sports Channel|date=13 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>http://www.fourthofficial.com/2015/20837/liga-bolasepak-rakyat-will-unearth-more-talent-najib-razak/ Liga Bolasepak Rakyat will unearth more talent – Najib Razak</ref> Berindik ari nya, Kuching F.A ditumbuhka begulai enggau iya ngarika pelilih menua [[Kuching]] di [[Sarawak]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sports247.my/kuching-fa-juara-liga-bolasepak-rakyat-2016/| title= Kuching FA juara Liga Bolasepak Rakyat 2016| date=29 May 2016}}</ref> ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} o8vyemjvi6f8bc9rmgop13q718mfykl 18743 18742 2026-04-29T15:52:57Z Jang Edgar 20 18743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization |name = Serakup Bul Sipak <br/> ''Persatuan Bolasepak Kuching'' <br/> ''Kuching Football Association'' |image = |image_size = |caption = |abbreviation = |formation = 2015 |purpose = Serakup bul sipak |headquarters = Stadium Negeri, [[Petra Jaya]] |location = [[Kuching]], [[Sarawak]] |coordinates = |leader_title = |leader_name = |website = [https://fasarawak.sukandigital.com/teamdetail/fa74bf65-d544-40f7-88f4-31196017712d?compId=e746fe7d-263f-4853-a1c4-f169fe70fb24 Kuching FA] }} '''Serakup Bul Sipak Kuching''' tauka dikelala enggau jaku kedut jaku Inggeris iya {{lang|en|'''Kuching Football Association''' (KFA)}} ([[Jaku Melayu]]: ''Persatuan Bolasepak Kuching'') nya tubuh serakup [[bul sipak|main bul sipak]] ungkup kandang menua [[Malaysia]] iya nya [[Sarawak]]. Serakup indu iya nya [[Serakup Bul Sipak Sarawak]] (FAS). Batang tuju KFA nyengkaum ngemansang bul sipak ba renggat sekula, indu sereta kelab amateur clubs ba [[Pelilih Menua Kuching]], Sarawak. ==Sejarah== Ba taun 2015, enggau pemungkal [[Liga Bul Sipak Rayat]] ti diberi kelala [[Gerempung Bul Sipak Malaysia]], tuju liga nya dikena ngubah liga baruh di Malaysia sereta ngelakuka main bol amatur ba semua pelilih menua enggau negeri di serata Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sports247.my/v1/2015/06/liga-bola-sepak-rakyat-lbr-to-revive-interest-at-district-level/|title=Liga Bola Sepak Rakyat (LBR) to revive interest at district level|work=SPORTS247.MY – The Ultimate Malaysian Sports Channel|date=13 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>http://www.fourthofficial.com/2015/20837/liga-bolasepak-rakyat-will-unearth-more-talent-najib-razak/ Liga Bolasepak Rakyat will unearth more talent – Najib Razak</ref> Berindik ari nya, Kuching F.A ditumbuhka begulai enggau iya ngarika pelilih menua [[Kuching]] di [[Sarawak]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sports247.my/kuching-fa-juara-liga-bolasepak-rakyat-2016/| title= Kuching FA juara Liga Bolasepak Rakyat 2016| date=29 May 2016}}</ref> ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Serakup bul sipak ba Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Kelab bul sipak ba Malaysia]] 6lyovwxkrdn50yer4mgsx186lkye410 14 6476 18744 2026-04-29T15:53:35Z Jang Edgar 20 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '[[Kategori:Bul sipak ba Malaysia]]' 18744 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Bul sipak ba Malaysia]] q6t5e30s1z55yvk6dhv5j5hiwmbkwr9 14 6477 18745 2026-04-29T15:55:00Z Jang Edgar 20 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '[[Kategori:Bul sipak ba Malaysia]]' 18745 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Bul sipak ba Malaysia]] q6t5e30s1z55yvk6dhv5j5hiwmbkwr9 14 6478 18746 2026-04-29T15:55:58Z Jang Edgar 20 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '[[Kategori:Main enggau lumba ba Malaysia nitihka bansa main|Bul sipak]]' 18746 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategori:Main enggau lumba ba Malaysia nitihka bansa main|Bul sipak]] tgb2m1t8oua5cuktqs30yxawte1pos5 0 6479 18747 2026-04-29T16:09:59Z Jang Edgar 20 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox football club | clubname = Kuching City | image = Logo Kuching City FC.jpg | upright = 0.9 | fullname = Kuching City Football Club | nickname = ''Il Gatto'' (Mayau) | short name = KCFC, KUC | founded = {{Start date and age|df=y|2015}}, enggau nama ''[[Serakup Bul Sipak Kuching|Kuching FA]]'' <br /> {{Start date and age|df=y|2021}}, as ''Kuching City'' | ground = [[Stadium Sarawak]] <br> [[Stadium Negeri Sarawak]] | capacity = 48,000 <br> 30,0...' 18747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Kuching City | image = Logo Kuching City FC.jpg | upright = 0.9 | fullname = Kuching City Football Club | nickname = ''Il Gatto'' (Mayau) | short name = KCFC, KUC | founded = {{Start date and age|df=y|2015}}, enggau nama ''[[Serakup Bul Sipak Kuching|Kuching FA]]'' <br /> {{Start date and age|df=y|2021}}, as ''Kuching City'' | ground = [[Stadium Sarawak]] <br> [[Stadium Negeri Sarawak]] | capacity = 48,000 <br> 30,000 | owntitle = Co-owner | owner = Fazzrudin Abdul Rahman <br> Kamaludin Akil | chairman = Iswandi Ali Hassan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theborneopost.com/2023/01/06/new-imports-set-to-bolster-kuching-citys-super-league-2023-campaign/|title=New imports set to bolster Kuching City's Super League 2023 campaign |work=The Borneo Post|date=6 January 2023|access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref> | chrtitle = CEO | mgrtitle = Head coach | manager = [[Aidil Sharin Sahak]] | league = [[Liga Super Malaysia]] | season = [[Liga Super Malaysia 2024–25|2024–25]] | position = Malaysia Super League, 4th of 13 | current = 2025–26 Kuching City F.C. season | website = {{URL|https://kuchingcityfc.com/}} | pattern_la1 = _borderonwhite | pattern_b1 = _KCFC2526H | pattern_ra1 = _borderonwhite | pattern_sh1 = | pattern_so1 = _greentop | body1 = | leftarm1 = 0A6A56 | rightarm1 = 0A6A56 | shorts1 = FFF | socks1 = FFF | pattern_la2 = _KCFC2526A | pattern_b2 = _KCFC2526A | pattern_ra2 = _KCFC2526A | pattern_sh2 = _yellowbottom | pattern_so2 = _blacktop | leftarm2 = | body2 = | rightarm2 = | shorts2 = 000 | socks2 = FFE135 }} '''Kuching City Football Club''', tauka mina dikelala enggau na,a '''Kuching City''', nya kelab [[bul sipak]] profesional bepalan di [[Kuching]], [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]] ti kemaya tu bemain ungkup [[Liga Super Malaysia]]. Tu kelab pemadu biak ke masuk renggat pemadu tinggi [[sistem liga main bul sipak Malaysia]], udah ditumbuhka kenyau ari taun 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sarawakcrocs.com/kuching-fa-joins-liga-fam/|title=Kuching Joins Liga FAM|work=SarawakCrocs.com – Sarawak's No.1 Football Site|date=2 January 2017 }}</ref> Iya nyadi kelab main bol profesional ketiga ti bepalan ba negeri Sarawak, pengudah kelab main bol negeri ke suba [[Sarawak FA]] enggau sebuah agi kelab ke udah nadai agi [[Sarawak United F.C.|Sarawak United]]. ==Sejarah== Dalam taun 2015, enggau pemungkal [[Liga Bul Sipak Rayat]] ti diberi kelala [[Gerempung Bul Sipak Malaysia]], tuju liga nya dikena ngubah liga baruh di Malaysia sereta ngelakuka main bol amatur ba semua pelilih enggau nengeri di serata Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sports247.my/v1/2015/06/liga-bola-sepak-rakyat-lbr-to-revive-interest-at-district-level/|title=Liga Bola Sepak Rakyat (LBR) to revive interest at district level|work=SPORTS247.MY – The Ultimate Malaysian Sports Channel|date=13 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>http://www.fourthofficial.com/2015/20837/liga-bolasepak-rakyat-will-unearth-more-talent-najib-razak/ Liga Bolasepak Rakyat will unearth more talent – Najib Razak</ref> Berindik ari nya, [[Serakup Bul Sipak Kuching|Kuching F.A.]] ditumbuhka begulai enggau iya ngarika pelilih menua [[Kuching]] di [[Sarawak]]. ===Trofi FAM=== Ba [[Liga Bul Sipak Rayat 2015–16]], Kuching menang ba edisyen keterubah<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sarawakcrocs.com/kuching-fa-juara-sulung-liga-bolasepak-rakyat-kebangsaan|title=Kuching FA Juara Sulung Liga Bolasepak Rakyat|work=SarawakCrocs.com – Sarawak's No.1 Football Site|date=28 May 2016 }}</ref> pengudah ngalahka [[Padang Besar F.C.|Padang Besar]] 3–1 ba [[Stadium Selayang]]. Nengah championship tu, Kuching bulih niki pangkat automatik ngagai [[Liga FAM Malaysia 2017|Trofi FAM 2017]]. Ba musin keterubah sida ba Liga FAM, Kuching teulihka penuduk lumur 4 ba Pusingan B, ngujungka tim nya mujur masuk ‘play-off’. Sida dibuai ba renggat suku akhir ulih [[UKM F.C.]], ke udah nya bulih pangkat ngagai [[Liga Premier Malaysia 2018]] nyadi finalis main ‘play-off’. [[Trofi FAM Malaysia 2018|Ba musin kedua di Liga FAM]], Kuching F.C. ba penuduk lumur 4 ba Pusingan A, sama enggau musim sebedau tu. Tang sayau amat, ubah ba renggat kelayakan play-off ngujungka sida enda ulih enggau renggat knock-out laban semina dua tim ke pemadu nyulut ari tiap raban ke dipilih. Kuching direjista bemain dalam [[Trofi FAM Malaysia 2019]], tang mega dikangau FAM bemain ba [[Liga Premier Malaysia 2019]], laban sekeda tim narit diri ari liga nya.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2018/11/30/liga-premier-kuching-fa-masih-tunggu-lampu-hijau-daripada-fam | title=Liga Premier: Kuching FA masih tunggu lampu hijau daripada FAM | date=30 November 2018 }}</ref> Pengudah nesauka diri niki ngagai [[Liga Premier Malaysia 2020]], Kuching nukar kit sida ngagai kit baru dikena ngepunka pejalai baru sida, chura iya gadung enggau belang buruk lalu "City of Unity" ditulis ba tengah kit nya. Musin ke nangkanka nya, sida nambahka <nowiki>''City''</nowiki> ngagai belakang leka jaku Kuching. [[File:Kuching City F.C. 4 January 2025.jpg|thumb|364x364px|Pemain Kuching City bemain main laban bebakih enggau kelab Brunei [[DPMM]] kena 4 Januari 2025.]] ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Kelab bul sipak ba Malaysia]] 460kd4jkzctmi3jqm7xu7fs7forue52 14 6481 18754 2026-04-30T01:40:57Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{tracking category}} {{polluted category}} {{CatAutoTOC}}' 18754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tracking category}} {{polluted category}} {{CatAutoTOC}} 8rj2x80jibunk6m5h8tiwj21gu4ymnj 10 6482 18756 2026-04-30T01:45:01Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{#switch:{{ucfirst:{{padleft:|1|{{{1|}}}}}}} |E = {{error|Templat salah: kena {{tlp|MES-E|''lumur jalai nadai "E"''}}}} |A |B |C |D |J |K |M |N |P |Q |R |S |T = {{Jct|country=MYS|State|{{{1|1}}}|extra={{{2|2}}}}} |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 = {{Jct|country=MYS|Federal|{{{1|1}}}|extra={{{2|2}}}}} |- |– = |#default = <includeonly>{{error|Invalid route number}}</includeonly> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude>' 18756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{ucfirst:{{padleft:|1|{{{1|}}}}}}} |E = {{error|Templat salah: kena {{tlp|MES-E|''lumur jalai nadai "E"''}}}} |A |B |C |D |J |K |M |N |P |Q |R |S |T = {{Jct|country=MYS|State|{{{1|1}}}|extra={{{2|2}}}}} |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 = {{Jct|country=MYS|Federal|{{{1|1}}}|extra={{{2|2}}}}} |- |– = |#default = <includeonly>{{error|Invalid route number}}</includeonly> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> gt450abqndrboebf0n7iywadl9gt0fh 10 6483 18757 2026-04-30T01:46:18Z Song GK 9 Melencong ke [[Templat:Junction]] 18757 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Junction]] bceoc08p3flijuyg94jw4m81zo7x1m6 10 6484 18758 2026-04-30T01:46:41Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '<includeonly>{{safesubst:#invoke:Jct|jct}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude>' 18758 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:#invoke:Jct|jct}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> clppu6380zx6h1qmxk4zl25e6cv0wir 828 6485 18759 2026-04-30T01:47:36Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan 'local p = {} -- Change to "" upon deployment. local moduleSuffix = "" local parserModuleName = "Module:Road data/parser" .. moduleSuffix local statenameModuleName = "Module:Jct/statename" .. moduleSuffix -- TODO transition local cityModuleName = "Module:Jct/city" .. moduleSuffix local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local format = mw.ustring.format local trim = mw.text.trim local parserModule = require(parserModuleName) local parse...' 18759 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- Change to "" upon deployment. local moduleSuffix = "" local parserModuleName = "Module:Road data/parser" .. moduleSuffix local statenameModuleName = "Module:Jct/statename" .. moduleSuffix -- TODO transition local cityModuleName = "Module:Jct/city" .. moduleSuffix local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local format = mw.ustring.format local trim = mw.text.trim local parserModule = require(parserModuleName) local parser = parserModule.parser local util = require("Module:Road data/util") -- Shields local defaultShieldSize = 24 local function addContextBanner(route, name, suffix, bannerSpec) local bannerModule = 'Module:Road data/banners/' .. string.upper(route.country) local shieldfield = name .. 'shield' local shield = parser(route, shieldfield) if shield == nil then -- This route type does not define shield. -- Find shield in the default banner table. shield = parser(route, 'shield', name, bannerModule) if shield and shield ~= '' then if suffix == nil then suffix = parser(route, 'shield', 'suffix', bannerModule) end if suffix and suffix ~= '' then shield = shield .. " " .. suffix end shield = shield .. ".svg" end end if shield and shield ~= '' then local shieldSize = defaultShieldSize -- Add banner plate. insert(bannerSpec, {shield, shieldSize}) end end local function bannerSpec(banner, bannerSize, bannerSuffix, route) local banners = {} if type(banner) == "table" then local bannerSizeIsNotTable = type(bannerSize) ~= "table" for i,filename in ipairs(banner) do local bannersize = bannerSizeIsNotTable and bannerSize or bannerSize[i] or defaultShieldSize insert(banners, {filename, bannersize}) end elseif banner ~= '' then insert(banners, {banner, bannerSize}) end if route.dir then addContextBanner(route, 'dir', bannerSuffix, banners) end if route.to then addContextBanner(route, 'to', bannerSuffix, banners) end return banners end local function shieldSpec(route, mainShield, shieldList) local shieldSpec = {} local shield local shieldto = parser(route, 'shieldto') if route.to then if not shield then shield = shieldto or parser(route, 'shield') or '' end else if not shield then shield = parser(route, 'shield') or '' end end if shield == '' then return shieldSpec end local orientation = parser(route, 'orientation') local function size(route) if orientation == "upright" then return defaultShieldSize else return "x" .. defaultShieldSize end end local shieldsize = size(route) local banner = parser(route, 'banner') or {} local bannersize = defaultShieldSize local bannersuffix = parser(route, 'bannersuffix') local bannerIsNotTable = type(banner) ~= "table" local bannersizeIsNotTable = type(bannersize) ~= "table" local bannersuffixIsNotTable = type(bannersuffix) ~= "table" if type(shield) == "table" then for i,filename in ipairs(shield) do local size = shieldsize or shieldsize[i] if size == "" then size = nil end -- banner.all describes banners that apply to all multiple shields. local shieldBanner = bannerIsNotTable and banner or (banner[i] or banner.all or {}) -- Banner size is default if the corresponding entry -- in bannerSize table is not set. local shieldBannerSize = bannersizeIsNotTable and bannersize or (bannersize[i] or bannersize.all or defaultShieldSize) local shieldBannerSuffix = bannersuffix and (bannersuffixIsNotTable and bannersuffix or bannersuffix[i]) insert(shieldSpec, { shield = {filename, size}, banners = bannerSpec(shieldBanner, shieldBannerSize, shieldBannerSuffix, route) }) end elseif shield ~= '' then if shieldsize == "" then shieldsize = nil end insert(shieldSpec, { shield = {shield, shieldsize}, banners = bannerSpec(banner, bannersize, bannersuffix, route) }) end return shieldSpec end local missingShields local shieldExistsCache = {} local function render(shieldEntry, scale, showLink) local shield = shieldEntry.shield local banners = shieldEntry.banners local size if shield[2] then local width, height = mw.ustring.match(shield[2], "(%d*)x?(%d*)") width = tonumber(width) height = tonumber(height) local sizeparts = {} if width then insert(sizeparts, format("%d", width * scale)) end if height then insert(sizeparts, format("x%d", height * scale)) end size = concat(sizeparts) else size = format("%s%d", landscape and "x" or "", defaultShieldSize * scale) end local shieldCode = format("[[File:%s|%spx|link=|alt=]]", shield[1], size) if not banners[1] then return shieldCode end for _,banner in ipairs(banners) do shieldCode = format("[[File:%s|%spx|link=|alt=]]<br>%s", banner[1], defaultShieldSize, shieldCode) end return '<span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; text-align: center;">' .. shieldCode .. '</span>' end function p.shield(route, scale, showLink, mainShield, shieldList) missingShields = {} scale = scale or 1 local rendered = {} for _,entry in ipairs(shieldSpec(route, mainShield, shieldList)) do insert(rendered, render(entry, scale, showLink)) end return concat(rendered), missingShields end -- Links/abbreviations function p.link(route) local nolink = route.nolink local abbr = parser(route, 'abbr') if nolink then return abbr else local link = parser(route, 'link') if not link or link == '' then return abbr else return format("[[%s|%s]]", link, abbr) end end end ------------------------------------------- -- Links/abbreviations local function routeText(route, jctname, frame) local link local type = route.type if not type or type == '' then link = route.route else link = p.link(route) end local dir = route.dir and ' ' .. string.lower(route.dir) or '' local routeText = link .. dir local name = route.name if name and name ~= '' then local mainText = jctname and name or routeText local parenText = jctname and routeText or name return format('%s (%s)', mainText, parenText) else return routeText end end local function extra(args) local extraTypes = mw.loadData('Module:Road data/extra') local extraIcon = extraTypes[string.lower(args.extra or '')] if not extraIcon then return '' end local size = defaultShieldSize .. 'px' local countryIcon = extraIcon[args.country] or extraIcon.default if type(countryIcon) == 'table' then local localIcon = countryIcon[args.state] or countryIcon.default return string.format("[[File:%s|%s|alt=|link=]]", localIcon, size) else return string.format("[[File:%s|%s|alt=|link=]]", countryIcon, size) end end local function parseArgs(args) local state = args.state or args.province or '' args.state = state local country if args.country and args.country ~= '' then country = string.upper(args.country) else local countryModule = mw.loadData("Module:Road data/countrymask") country = countryModule[state] or 'UNK' end args.country = country local params = {'denom', 'county', 'township', 'dab', 'nolink', 'noshield', 'to', 'dir', 'name'} local routes = {} local routeCount = 1 local seenTo = false while true do local routeType = args[routeCount * 2 - 1] if not routeType then break end local route = {type = routeType, route = args[routeCount * 2]} for _,v in pairs(params) do route[v] = args[v .. routeCount] end if args.nolink then route.nolink = args.nolink end route.country = country route.state = state -- Set the first .to to true. -- Set all following .to to ''. if seenTo then if route.to then -- Report duplicate to flag. route.toerror = true end route.to = '' elseif route.to then route.to = true seenTo = true end insert(routes, route) routeCount = routeCount + 1 end return routes end local function prefix(to, num) if to and to ~= '' then return num == 1 and 'To ' or ' to ' end return num == 1 and '' or '&nbsp;/ ' end local function addErrorMsg(catCode, msg, errorMsg) errorMsg.code = errorMsg.code or catCode insert(errorMsg, format('<span style="display: none;">Module:Jct %s</span>', msg)) end function p._jct(args, frame) local routes = parseArgs(args) local shields = {} local links = {} local allMissingShields = {} local typeErr = false local toErr = false frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() for num,route in ipairs(routes) do if not (args.noshield or route.noshield) then local shield, missingShields = p.shield(route) insert(shields, shield) if missingShields[1] then insert(allMissingShields, concat(missingShields, ' / ')) end end local prefix = prefix(route.to, num) if prefix ~= '' then insert(links, prefix) end insert(links, routeText(route, args.jctname, frame)) typeErr = typeErr or route.typeerror or false toErr = toErr or route.toerror or false end local graphics = concat(shields) .. extra(args) .. ' ' local linkText = concat(links) local cities = '' if args.city1 or args.location1 then local citiesPrefix if args.citiesprefix then citiesPrefix = args.citiesprefix ~= '' and format(" %s ", args.citiesprefix) or '' else citiesPrefix = '&nbsp;' end local cityModule = require(cityModuleName) cities = citiesPrefix .. cityModule.city(args) end local errorMsg = {} -- Errors must be reported by the level of severity, most severe first. if typeErr then -- Report invalid type errors. addErrorMsg("§", 'error: Invalid route type', errorMsg) end if #allMissingShields > 0 then -- Report missing shield error. -- shieldExists() would have populated missingShields if shields are missing. addErrorMsg("¶", 'error: Missing route marker graphics: ' .. concat(allMissingShields, ' / '), errorMsg) end if toErr then -- Report invalid to errors. addErrorMsg("&", 'error: Invalid "to" argument', errorMsg) end if args.road then -- Report deprecated "road" warning. addErrorMsg("∆", 'warning: "road" parameter is deprecated', errorMsg) end if args.rdt then -- Report deprecated "rdt" warning. addErrorMsg("£", 'warning: "rdt" parameter is deprecated', errorMsg) end if #errorMsg > 0 then local page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText -- Get transcluding page's title -- Add a category for the first, most severe error. insert(errorMsg, format('[[Category:Jct template errors|%s %s]]', errorMsg.code, page)) errorMsg = concat(errorMsg) else errorMsg = '' end return graphics .. linkText .. cities .. errorMsg end function p.jct(frame) -- Import module function to work with passed arguments local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame, {removeBlanks = false}) return p._jct(args, frame) end function p._roadlink(args, frame) local routes = parseArgs(args) local links = {} local typeErr = false local toErr = false frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() for num,route in ipairs(routes) do local prefix = prefix(route.to, num) if prefix ~= '' then insert(links, prefix) end insert(links, routeText(route, args.jctname, frame)) typeErr = typeErr or route.typeerror or false toErr = toErr or route.toerror or false end local linkText = concat(links) local cities = '' if args.city1 or args.location1 then local citiesPrefix if args.citiesprefix then citiesPrefix = args.citiesprefix ~= '' and format(" %s ", args.citiesprefix) or '' else citiesPrefix = '&nbsp;' end local cityModule = require(cityModuleName) cities = citiesPrefix .. cityModule.city(args) end local errorMsg = {} -- Errors must be reported by the level of severity, most severe first. if typeErr then -- Report invalid type errors. addErrorMsg("2", 'error: Invalid route type', errorMsg) end if toErr then -- Report invalid to errors. addErrorMsg("3", 'error: Invalid "to" argument', errorMsg) end if args.road then -- Report deprecated "road" warning. addErrorMsg("W", 'warning: "road" parameter is deprecated', errorMsg) end if #errorMsg > 0 then local page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText -- Get transcluding page's title -- Add a category for the first, most severe error. insert(errorMsg, format('[[Category:Jct template errors|%s %s]]', errorMsg.code, page)) errorMsg = concat(errorMsg) else errorMsg = '' end return linkText .. cities end function p.roadlink(frame) -- Import module function to work with passed arguments local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame, {removeBlanks = true}) return p._roadlink(args, frame) end return p 8zdtprrw0y52l3zpnas8jeju9hx0cog 828 6486 18760 2026-04-30T01:48:25Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan 'local p = {AL = "Alabama", AK = "Alaska", AZ = "Arizona", AR = "Arkansas", CA = "California", CO = "Colorado", CT = "Connecticut", DE = "Delaware", DC = "District of Columbia", FL = "Florida", GA = "Georgia", HI = "Hawaii", ID = "Idaho", IL = "Illinois", IN = "Indiana", IA = "Iowa",...' 18760 Scribunto text/plain local p = {AL = "Alabama", AK = "Alaska", AZ = "Arizona", AR = "Arkansas", CA = "California", CO = "Colorado", CT = "Connecticut", DE = "Delaware", DC = "District of Columbia", FL = "Florida", GA = "Georgia", HI = "Hawaii", ID = "Idaho", IL = "Illinois", IN = "Indiana", IA = "Iowa", KS = "Kansas", KY = "Kentucky", LA = "Louisiana", ME = "Maine", MD = "Maryland", MA = "Massachusetts", MI = "Michigan", MN = "Minnesota", MS = "Mississippi", MO = "Missouri", MT = "Montana", NE = "Nebraska", NV = "Nevada", NH = "New Hampshire", NJ = "New Jersey", NM = "New Mexico", NY = "New York", NC = "North Carolina", ND = "North Dakota", OH = "Ohio", OK = "Oklahoma", OR = "Oregon", PA = "Pennsylvania", RI = "Rhode Island", SC = "South Carolina", SD = "South Dakota", TN = "Tennessee", TX = "Texas", UT = "Utah", VT = "Vermont", VA = "Virginia", WA = "Washington", WV = "West Virginia", WI = "Wisconsin", WY = "Wyoming", PR = "Puerto Rico", VI = "U.S. Virgin Islands", AB = "Alberta", BC = "British Columbia", MB = "Manitoba", NB = "New Brunswick", NL = "Newfoundland and Labrador", NS = "Nova Scotia", NT = "Northwest Territories", NU = "Nunavut", ON = "Ontario", PE = "Prince Edward Island", QC = "Quebec", SK = "Saskatchewan", YT = "Yukon", AS = "American Samoa", GU = "Guam", MP = "Northern Marianas", ACT = "Australian Capital Territory", NSW = "New South Wales", QLD = "Queensland", SA = "South Australia", TAS = "Tasmania", VIC = "Victoria", fr = "France", de = "Germany", gb = "United Kingdom", es = "Spain", ie = "Ireland", it = "Italy", se = "Sweden", no = "Norway", fi = "Finland", dk = "Denmark", nl = "Netherlands", be = "Belgium", lu = "Luxembourg", pt = "Portugal", } return p mog5mr8b9ud6yx67nt6dmwn97zupfr0 828 6487 18761 2026-04-30T01:49:05Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan 'local p = {} local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local state local function stateName(args) local AUSabbrs = {NT = "Northern Territory", WA = "Western Australia"} local data = mw.loadData("Module:Jct/statename") local abbr = args.state or args.province local country = args.country if country == 'AUS' then return AUSabbrs[abbr] or data[abbr] else return data[abbr] end end local function location(args, num) local cit...' 18761 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local state local function stateName(args) local AUSabbrs = {NT = "Northern Territory", WA = "Western Australia"} local data = mw.loadData("Module:Jct/statename") local abbr = args.state or args.province local country = args.country if country == 'AUS' then return AUSabbrs[abbr] or data[abbr] else return data[abbr] end end local function location(args, num) local city = args["city" .. num] local location = args["location" .. num] local areadab = args["areadab" .. num] local countydab = args["countydab" .. num] if not(city or location) then return '' end local parts if num == 1 then parts = {"– "} else parts = {", "} end if location then insert(parts, location) return concat(parts) end insert(parts, "[[" .. city) if areadab then insert(parts, " (" .. areadab .. ")") end if countydab then insert(parts, ", " .. countydab .. " County") end if state then insert(parts, ", " .. state) end insert(parts, "|" .. city .. "]]") return concat(parts) end function p.city(args) state = stateName(args) local cities = {} local locationCount = 1 repeat local location = location(args, locationCount) insert(cities, location) local empty = (location == '') locationCount = locationCount + 1 until empty return concat(cities) end return p rcmtweu7jtj3pmsd5z1d1jh87y0gu0s 828 6488 18762 2026-04-30T01:53:03Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '--[==[ To inspect the content of this data module, use [[Special:ExpandTemplates]] and enter the following input text: {{#invoke:Road data/dump|dump|module=Module:<name-of-this-module>}} To inspect the content of this data module when editing, enter the following into the Debug console: local util = require("Module:Road data/util") print(util.arrayToString(p)) To inspect a particular route type, change `p` above to include the route type, e.g.,...' 18762 Scribunto text/plain --[==[ To inspect the content of this data module, use [[Special:ExpandTemplates]] and enter the following input text: {{#invoke:Road data/dump|dump|module=Module:<name-of-this-module>}} To inspect the content of this data module when editing, enter the following into the Debug console: local util = require("Module:Road data/util") print(util.arrayToString(p)) To inspect a particular route type, change `p` above to include the route type, e.g., `p.I` and `p["US-Hist"]`. ]==] -- Malaysia local MYS = {} local util = require("Module:Road data/util") local format = mw.ustring.format util.addAll(MYS, require("Module:Road data/strings/ASIA")) local expressways = { arg = "route", ["1"] = 'Jalai Alun Utara–Selatan Jajaran Utara', ["2"] = 'Jalai Alun Utara–Selatan Jajaran Selatan', ["3"] = 'Jalai Alun Hubungan Kedua', ["4"] = 'Jalai Alun Kedah Selatan', ["5"] = 'Jalai Alun Shah Alam', ["6"] = 'Jalai Alun Utara–Selatan Hubungan Tengah', ["6p"] = 'Hubungan Putrajaya', ["7"] = 'Jalai Alun Cheras–Kajang', ["8"] = 'Jalai Alun Pantai Timur', ["9"] = 'Jalai Alun Sungai Besi', ["10"] = 'Jalai Alun Baru Pantai', ["11"] = 'Jalai Alun Damansara–Puchong', ["12"] = 'Jalai Alun Bertingkat Ampang–Kuala Lumpur', ["13"] = 'Jalai Alun Kemuning–Shah Alam', ["14"] = 'Jalai Alun Penyebaran Timur Johor Bahru', ["15"] = 'Jalai Alun Butterworth–Kulim', ["17"] = 'Lingkaran Luar Butterworth', ["18"] = 'Jalai Alun Lingkaran Penyuraian Trafik Kajang', ["19"] = 'Jalai Alun Bertingkat Sungai Besi–Ulu Klang', ["20"] = 'Jalai Alun Maju', ["21"] = 'Jalai Alun Kajang–Seremban', ["22"] = 'Jalai Alun Senai–Desaru', ["23"] = 'Jalai Alun Sprint', ["24"] = 'Jematan Tun Salahuddin', ["25"] = 'Jalai Alun Kuala Lumpur–Kuala Selangor', ["26"] = 'Jalai Alun Lembah Klang Selatan', ["27"] = 'Jalai Alun Lembah Klang Timur', ["28"] = 'Jematan Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah', ["29"] = 'Jalai Alun Seremban–Port Dickson', ["30"] = 'Jalai Alun Pintasan Selat Klang Utara Baru', ["31"] = 'Jalai Alun Bertingkat Damansara–Shah Alam', ["32"] = 'Jalai Alun Pesisiran Pantai Barat', ["33"] = 'Jalai Alun Duta–Ulu Klang', ["35"] = 'Jalai Alun Guthrie', ["36"] = 'Jematan Pulau Pinang', ["37"] = 'Jalai Alun Hubungan Timur–Barat', ["38"] = 'Terowong SMART', ["39"] = 'Jalai Alun Setiawangsa–Pantai', ["KLKE"] = 'Jalai Alun Kuala Lumpur–Karak', ["KLSE"] = 'Jalai Alun Kuala Lumpur–Seremban', ["NKVE"] = 'Jalai Alun Baru Lembah Klang', ["PORR"] = 'Lingkaran Luar Pulau Pinang', ["PSKE"] = 'Jalai Alun Paroi–Senawang–KLIA–Salak Tinggi', ["BPE"] = 'Jalai Alun Bangi-Putrajaya', ["PDLE"] = 'Jalai Alun Penyebaran Petaling Jaya', ["JOPGEX"] = 'Jalai Alun Bertingkat Johor Bahru–Pasir Gudang', ["PDBE"] = 'Jalai Alun Port Dickson–Banting', ["Pan-Borneo"] = 'Jalai Alun Pan-Borneo', ["KBKKE"] = 'Jalai Alun Kota Bharu–Kuala Krai', ["RB"] = 'Jalan Pintasan Rawang', ["JE"] = 'Jalai Alun Jelas', ["SJE"] = 'Jalai Alun Sungai Juru', ["--"] = "" } MYS.E = { shield = { default = 'Mes-e%route%.svg', ["KLKE"] = 'Mes-e8.svg', ["KLSE"] = 'Mes-e37.svg', ["NKVE"] = 'Mes-e1.svg', ["6p"] = 'Mes-e6.svg', ["PORR"] = '', ["PSKE"] = '', ["BPE"] = '', ["PDLE"] = '', ["JOPGEX"] = '', ["PDBE"] = '', ["Pan-Borneo"] = '', ["KBKKE"] = '', ["RB"] = '', ["JE"] = '', ["SJE"] = '', }, name = expressways, link = expressways, abbr = expressways, color = "MUTCDgreen" } MYS.E2 = { shield = {"Malaysia expressway logo.svg", MYS.E.shield}, name = MYS.E.name, link = MYS.E.link, abbr = MYS.E.abbr } MYS.Federal = { shield = { hook = "split", split = 4000, below = "MYS Jkr-ft%route%.svg", above = "", }, name = "Laluan Persekutuan %route%", link = "Laluan Persekutuan Malaysia %route%", abbr = "LP %route%" } MYS.FT = MYS.Federal MYS.Federal2 = { shield = {"Malaysia expressway logo.svg", "MYS Jkr-ft%route%.svg"}, name = MYS.Federal.name, link = MYS.Federal.link, abbr = MYS.Federal.abbr, } MYS.FT2 = MYS.Federal2 MYS.FELDA = { shield = MYS.Federal.shield, name = MYS.Federal.name, link = MYS.Federal.link, abbr = MYS.Federal.abbr, } MYS.Johor = { shield = { ifexists = true, default = "Jkr-j%route%.svg", }, name = "Jalan Negeri J%route%", link = "Jalan Negeri Johor J%route%", abbr = "J%route%" } MYS.J = MYS.Johor MYS.Kedah = { shield = { ifexists = true, default = "Jkr-k%route%.svg", }, name = "Jalan Negeri K%route%", link = "Jalan Negeri Kedah K%route%", abbr = "K%route%" } MYS.K = MYS.Kedah MYS.Kelantan = { shield = { ifexists = true, default = "Jkr-d%route%.svg", }, name = "Jalan Negeri D%route%", link = "Jalan Negeri Kelantan K%route%", abbr = "D%route%" } MYS.D = MYS.Kelantan MYS.Malacca = { shield = { ifexists = true, default = "Jkr-m%route%.svg", }, name = "Jalan Negeri M%route%", link = "Jalan Negeri Melaka N%route%", abbr = "M%route%" } MYS.Melaka = MYS.Malacca MYS.M = MYS.Malacca MYS.NegeriSembilan = { shield = { ifexists = true, default = "Jkr-n%route%.svg", }, name = "Jalan Negeri N%route%", link = "Jalan Negeri Sembilan N%route%", abbr = "N%route%" } MYS.NS = MYS.NegeriSembilan MYS.N = MYS["Negeri Sembilan"] MYS.Pahang = { shield = { ifexists = true, default = "Jkr-c%route%.svg", }, name = "Jalan Negeri C%route%", link = "Jalan Negeri Pahang C%route%", abbr = "C%route%" } MYS.C = MYS.Pahang MYS.Penang = { shield = { ifexists = true, default = "Jkr-p%route%.svg", }, name = "Jalan Negeri P%route%", link = "Jalan Negeri Pulau Pinang P%route%", abbr = "P%route%" } MYS.PulauPinang = MYS.Penang MYS.P = MYS.Penang MYS.Perak = { shield = { ifexists = true, default = "Jkr-a%route%.svg", }, name = "Jalan Negeri A%route%", link = "Jalan Negeri Perak A%route%", abbr = "A%route%" } MYS.A = MYS.Perak MYS.Perlis = { shield = { ifexists = true, default = "Jkr-r%route%.svg", }, name = "Jalan Negeri R%route%", link = "Jalan Negeri Perlis R%route%", abbr = "R%route%" } MYS.R = MYS.Perlis MYS.Selangor = { shield = { ifexists = true, default = "Jkr-b%route%.svg", }, name = "Jalan Negeri B%route%", link = "Jalan Negeri Selangor B%route%", abbr = "B%route%" } MYS.B = MYS.Selangor MYS.Terengganu = { shield = { ifexists = true, default = "Jkr-t%route%.svg", }, name = "Jalan Negeri T%route%", link = "Jalan Negeri Terengganu T%route%", abbr = "T%route%" } MYS.T = MYS.Terengganu MYS.State = { shield = { ifexists = true, default = "Jkr-ft%route%.png", }, name = "Jalan Negeri %route%", link = "", abbr = "%route%" } MYS.Fed = { shield = "", link = { hook = "padroute", paddedLength = 4, default = "#FR%paddedRoute%" }, abbr = MYS.Federal.abbr } MYS.FL = { shield = "", link = { hook = "padroute", paddedLength = 4, default = "#FELDA%paddedRoute%" }, abbr = MYS.FELDA.abbr } return MYS 4rxqdr95pfqqcpyovtm1vc7x1xf112k 828 6489 18763 2026-04-30T01:54:05Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '-- Asia local ASIA = {} ASIA.AH = { shield = "Tabliczka AH%route%.svg", name = "Jalai Alun Asia %route%", link = { default = "AH%route% [dab||(%dab%)|]", ['6'] = "AH6 (jalai alun)", ['64'] = "AH6 (jalai alun)" }, abbr = "AH%route%", color = "ASIA", nbrowse = "[[Rangkaian Lebuh Raya Asia]]" } return ASIA' 18763 Scribunto text/plain -- Asia local ASIA = {} ASIA.AH = { shield = "Tabliczka AH%route%.svg", name = "Jalai Alun Asia %route%", link = { default = "AH%route% [dab||(%dab%)|]", ['6'] = "AH6 (jalai alun)", ['64'] = "AH6 (jalai alun)" }, abbr = "AH%route%", color = "ASIA", nbrowse = "[[Rangkaian Lebuh Raya Asia]]" } return ASIA hi52siohfv2zqhcraw9hspm3ri453z7 828 6490 18764 2026-04-30T01:55:05Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan 'local p = {} local parserModuleName = "Module:Road data/parser" -- SANDBOX REFERENCE function p.split(parameters, args) local route = tonumber(string.match(args.route, "%d+")) or 0 if route < parameters.split then return parameters.below else return parameters.above end end function p.splitlen(parameters, args) local route = args.route if #route < parameters.split then return parameters.below else return parameters.above end end fun...' 18764 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local parserModuleName = "Module:Road data/parser" -- SANDBOX REFERENCE function p.split(parameters, args) local route = tonumber(string.match(args.route, "%d+")) or 0 if route < parameters.split then return parameters.below else return parameters.above end end function p.splitlen(parameters, args) local route = args.route if #route < parameters.split then return parameters.below else return parameters.above end end function p.between(parameters, args) local lower = parameters.lower local upper = parameters.upper local route = tonumber(string.match(args.route, "%d+")) or 0 if route < lower or route >= upper then return parameters.no else return parameters.yes end end function p.mask(parameters, args) local baseParam = parameters.base local maskedParam = parameters.masked local maskModule = "Module:" .. parameters.mask local mask = mw.loadData(maskModule) args[maskedParam] = mask[args[baseParam]] return parameters.default end function p.padroute(parameters, args) local route = mw.ustring.match(args.route, "%d+") local paddedLength = parameters.paddedLength args.paddedRoute = mw.ustring.match(args.route, "^%D*") .. string.format("%0" .. tostring(paddedLength) .. "d", route) .. mw.ustring.match(args.route, "%D*$") return parameters.default end function p.lowercase(parameters, args) local route = args.route args.lowercase = string.lower(route) return parameters.default end --[[ For the first element (pattern, action) in .actions such that args[.base] begins with pattern, return action. If no such element exists, return .default (nil if unspecified). ]] function p.beginswith(parameters, args) local baseParam = parameters.base local actions = parameters.actions local arg = args[baseParam] for pattern,action in pairs(actions) do if mw.ustring.sub(arg, 1, mw.ustring.len(pattern)) == pattern then return action end end return parameters.default end --[[ For the first element (pattern, action) in .actions such that require(Module:Road data/parser).parser(args, .entry, .path, .kind) matches pattern as a regular expression, return action. If no such element exists, return .default (nil if unspecified). .path and .kind are optional. ]] function p.match(parameters, args) local parserModule = require(parserModuleName) local parser = parserModule.parser local entry = parameters.entry local path = parameters.path local kind = parameters.kind local actions = parameters.actions local value = parser(args, entry, path, kind) for pattern,action in pairs(actions) do if mw.ustring.match(value, pattern) then return action end end return parameters.default end function p.iso3166Sub(parameters, args) local country = args.country local subParam = parameters.sub local subCode = args[subParam] local iso3166Module = require("Module:ISO 3166") args.iso3166Sub = iso3166Module.luaname{country, subCode} return parameters.default end function p.pagename(parameters, args) local pagename = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text local article = parameters.article if article == pagename then return parameters.iftrue else return parameters.default or '' end end return p 4qcqh02yw75et7agy61wx8bz78exhln 828 6491 18765 2026-04-30T01:55:51Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan 'return { rail = { default = "Rail Sign.svg", CAN = { default = "Ontario M509.svg", QC = "Québec I-310.svg" }, CHL = "Chile IS-13b.svg", IDN = "Indonesia New Road Sign Info 5A2.png", JPN = "Japanese Road sign 125-C.svg", MEX = "Mexico road sign estacion de ferrocarril.svg", THA = "Thailand road sign Railway Station.svg" }, ["light-rail"] = { default = "Light Rail Sign.svg" }, bus = { default = "Bus Sign.svg", CAN = {...' 18765 Scribunto text/plain return { rail = { default = "Rail Sign.svg", CAN = { default = "Ontario M509.svg", QC = "Québec I-310.svg" }, CHL = "Chile IS-13b.svg", IDN = "Indonesia New Road Sign Info 5A2.png", JPN = "Japanese Road sign 125-C.svg", MEX = "Mexico road sign estacion de ferrocarril.svg", THA = "Thailand road sign Railway Station.svg" }, ["light-rail"] = { default = "Light Rail Sign.svg" }, bus = { default = "Bus Sign.svg", CAN = { default = "Ontario M506.svg", QC = "Québec I-315.svg" }, FRA = "France road sign C6.svg", HRV = "Croatia road sign C44.svg", HUN = "Hungary road sign E-039.svg", ITA = "Italian traffic sign - fermata autobus.svg", JPN = "Japanese Road sign 124-C.svg", MYS = "Bus_2.png", MEX = "MX road sign SIS-19.svg", NOR = "Norwegian-road-sign-508.1.svg", THA = "Thailand road sign Bus Terminal.svg", URY = "Uruguay Road Sign I24.svg" }, ferry = { default = "Ferry Sign.svg", CAN = { default = "Ontario M508.svg", BC = "British Columbia G-050-5.svg" }, CHL = "Chile IS-14b.svg", DNK = "Denmark road sign M11.svg", FRA = "France road sign CE10.svg", HRV = "Croatia road sign C49.svg", ITA = "Italian traffic signs - auto su nave.svg", JPN = "Japan ferry sign.png", THA = "Thailand road sign Ferry Port.svg" }, hospital = { default = "MUTCD D9-2.svg", AUS = "Western Australia MR-SM-1.svg", AUT = "Hinweiszeichen 2.svg", CAN = { default = "Québec I-280-1.svg", ON = "Ontario M401.svg" }, CHE = "CH-Hinweissignal-Spital.svg", CHL = "Chile IS-1b.svg", CZE = "IJ02cr.jpg", ESP = "Spain traffic signal s23.svg", FRA = "France road sign ID3.svg", GBR = "UK traffic sign 827.2.svg", GRC = "Traffic Sign GR - KOK 2009 - P-22.svg", HUN = "Hungary road sign E-045.svg", IDN = "Indonesian Road Sign d9a.png", ISL = "Iceland road sign E01.12.svg", ITA = "Italian traffic signs - ospedale.svg", MYS = "Malaysia road sign GI6.svg", MEX = "MX road sign SIS-17.svg", POL = "Znak D-21.svg", RUS = "7.2 Russian road sign.svg", SVK = "Dopravná značka II5.svg", THA = "Thailand road sign น-7.svg", TUR = "Turkish road sign 84.jpg", UKR = "Ukraine road sign 6.2.gif", URY = "Uruguay Road Sign I16.svg" }, airport = { default = "Airport Sign.svg", AUS = "Western Australia MR-SM-11.svg", CAN = { default = "Ontario M502.svg", QC = "Québec I-300-1.svg " }, CHL = "Chile IS-11b.svg", DNK = "Denmark road sign M12.svg", GBR = "Aircraft Airport ecomo.svg", HRV = "Croatia road sign C47.svg", IDN = "Indonesia New Road Sign Info 5a4.png", MYS = "International Airport 1.png", MEX = "MX road sign SIS-1.svg", NOR = "Norwegian-road-sign-771.0.svg", THA = "Thailand road sign Airport.svg", TWN = "Legenda lotnisko.svg", UKR = "Ukraine road sign 5.65.png", URY = "Uruguay Road Sign I21.svg" }, NSB = { default = "MUTCD D6-4.svg" } } 98r434ocp91xf2iv65t82njn72imn59 0 6492 18766 2026-04-30T02:01:52Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox anatomy |Name = Kaki| Latin = pes | GraySubject = | GrayPage = | Image = Стопа.png| Caption = Kaki mensia | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Width = 214 | Precursor = | System = | Artery = [[dorsalis pedis artery|dorsalis pedis]], [[arteri medial plantar|medial plantar]], [[arteri lateral plantar|lateral plantar]] | Vein = | Nerve = saraf m...' 18766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox anatomy |Name = Kaki| Latin = pes | GraySubject = | GrayPage = | Image = Стопа.png| Caption = Kaki mensia | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Width = 214 | Precursor = | System = | Artery = [[dorsalis pedis artery|dorsalis pedis]], [[arteri medial plantar|medial plantar]], [[arteri lateral plantar|lateral plantar]] | Vein = | Nerve = [[saraf medial plantar|medial plantar]], [[saraf lateral plantar|lateral plantar]], [[Saraf fibular dalam|fibular dalam]], [[Saraf fibular superfisial|fibular superfisial]] | Lymph = | DorlandsPre = | DorlandsSuf = | }} '''Kaki''' nya struktur biologikal ti tau ditemu dalam mayuh [[jelu]] dikena mindah. == Etimologi == Leka jaku ''kaki'' diperchaya datai ari leka jaku *''qaqay'' dalam [[jaku Proto-Melayu-Polinesia]], ti datai ari leka jaku ke sama dalam [[jaku Proto-Austronesia]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Chamic and Beyond: Studies in Mainland Austronesian Languages|last=Grant|first=Anthony|last2=Sidwell|first2=Paul|publisher=Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University|year=2005|isbn=9780858835610|location=|page=117|pages=|language=en|issn=1448-8310}}</ref><ref name="Blust09">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uYspAQAAIAAJ|title=The Austronesian languages|last1=Blust|first1=Robert|author2=Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics|publisher=Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University|year=2009|isbn=978-0-85883-602-0|ref=harv|authorlink1=Robert Blust}}</ref> ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} h41ktdiyhy3ka7yqnu0l2qu68l2j4y3 0 6493 18769 2026-04-30T02:40:27Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350179187|Jennifer Lopez]] " 18769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jennifer Lopez | image = Jennifer Lopez at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped 3).jpg <!-- NOTE: Do not replace picture unless it is with a photo under a public domain or free license (meaning NOT fair use). Any fair use photos (i.e. 'promotional photos') violate the Fair Use Policy and will be deleted. See [[Wikipedia:Fair]] use criteria -->| caption = Lopez maya taun 2025 | other_names = {{hlist|J.Lo|Jennifer Affleck{{efn|Dikena lebuh agi bejadi enggau [[Ben Affleck]] (2022–2024)<ref name="jennaffleck">{{cite magazine|last=Sanchez|first=Rosa|title=Jennifer Lopez Defends Her Name Change to Mrs. Affleck After Wedding to Ben|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a41910437/jennifer-lopez-defends-name-change-mrs-affleck-wedding-ben/|date=November 9, 2022|access-date=October 2, 2023|magazine=[[Harper's Bazaar]]|quote=her name change to Jennifer Affleck ... People are still going to call me Jennifer Lopez. But my legal name will be Mrs. Affleck because we're joined together.}}</ref>}}|Jennifer Muñiz{{efn|Dikena lebuh agi bejadi enggau [[Marc Anthony]] (2004–2014)<ref name="2014 name change" />}} }} | birth_name = Jennifer Lynn Lopez | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|7|24}} | birth_place = [[Nengeri New York]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Singer|songwriter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ascap.com/repertory#/ace/writer/352848639/LOPEZ+JENNIFER+LYNN|title=ACE Repertory|website=www.ascap.com|accessdate=July 31, 2024|archive-date=March 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306032310/https://www.ascap.com/Home/ace-title-search/index.aspx#/ace/writer/352848639/LOPEZ+JENNIFER+LYNN|url-status=live}}</ref>|actress|dancer|producer|businesswoman}}<!--Please do not add to this list without first discussing your proposal on the talk page. --> | years_active = 1989-diatu | notable_works = {{hlist|[[Diskografi Jennifer Lopez|Diskografi]]|[[Rintai lagu dirikutka Jennifer Lopez|lagu dirikutka]]|[[Videografi Jennifer Lopez|videografi]]|[[Filmografi Jennifer Lopez|filmografi]]|[[Rintai pemerindang terus Jennifer Lopez|pemerindang]]}} | spouse = {{unbulleted list | {{marriage|Ojani Noa|1997|1998|end=sarak}} | {{marriage|Cris Judd|2001|2003|end=sarak}} | {{marriage|[[Marc Anthony]]|2004|2014|end=sarak}} | {{marriage|[[Ben Affleck]]|2022|2025|end=sarak}} }}<!--Partner parameter is for long-term life partners, not a dating history--> | children = 2 | relatives = [[Lynda Lopez]] (sister) | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Lopez|Full list]] | website = {{Official Website|https://onthejlo.com/en/home}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = person | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop music|Pop]]|[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]|[[Latin music|Latin]]|[[hip hop]]|[[Dance music|dance]]}} | instrument = Vocals | label = {{hlist|[[Work Group|Work]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]]|[[Island Records|Island]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]|Hitco|[[BMG Rights Management|BMG]]}}<!--Listed in chronological order!--> }} | signature = Jennifer Lopez Signature.svg }} '''Jennifer Lynn Lopez''' (ada 24 Julai 1969)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Schillaci|first1=Sophie|title=Inside Jennifer Lopez's 54th Birthday Party Hosted by Ben Affleck|url=https://www.etonline.com/inside-jennifer-lopezs-54th-birthday-party-hosted-by-ben-affleck-and-how-they-are-meshing-their|website=Entertainment Tonight|access-date=October 20, 2023|date=August 1, 2023|archive-date=November 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110154633/https://www.etonline.com/inside-jennifer-lopezs-54th-birthday-party-hosted-by-ben-affleck-and-how-they-are-meshing-their|url-status=live}}</ref> iya nya siku penanyi, penulis lagu, pengelulu, petanda, enggau indu dagang Amerika. Lopez dianggap nyadi siku ari pemerindang ke pemadu bepengaruh maya nya, diberi kredit ketegal udah mechahka sekat ungkup orang Latino Amerika di Hollywood sereta mantu meransang gerak pop Latin dalam muzik. Iya mega dikelala enggau empas budaya iya nengah fesyen, chap, enggau ngalihka standard pemajik arus perdana. == Pengidup tumu == Jennifer Lynn Lopez ada kena 24 Julai 1969, ba Bronx, siti ari kandang menua di New York, lalu dibesaika ba kandang endur Castle Hill iya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.courttv.com/trials/puffy/docs/duty-caps_3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209202541/http://www.courttv.com/trials/puffy/docs/duty-caps_3.html|archive-date=February 9, 2008|title=Duty Captain's Report|access-date=October 29, 2006|publisher=[[Court TV]]|date=January 17, 2001}}</ref><ref name="Gallick20032">{{harvnb|Gallick|2003}}</ref><ref name="biography.com2">{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/jennifer-lopez-9542231|title=Jennifer Lopez: Actress, Reality Television Star, Dancer, Singer (1969–)|website=[[Biography.com]]|publisher=[[A&E Networks]]|access-date=February 11, 2019|archive-date=March 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313084042/https://www.biography.com/people/jennifer-lopez-9542231|url-status=live}}</ref> Apai indai iya, Guadalupe Rodríguez enggau David Lopez, ada di [[Puerto Rico]] lalu betemu di Nengeri New York.<ref name="Cartlidge-book">{{Cite book |last=Cartlidge |first=Cherese |url=https://archive.org/details/jenniferlopez0000cart |title=Jennifer Lopez |publisher=Lucent Books |year=2012 |isbn=978-1420507553 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jenniferlopez0000cart/page/13 13] |quote=Jennifer Lynn Lopez's parents, David and Guadalupe, were both born in Ponce, the second-largest city in Puerto Rico. |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.today.com/parents/jennifer-lopez-opens-about-her-dad-he-was-just-proud-t99971|title=Jennifer Lopez opens up about her dad: 'He was just proud of me'|work=[[Today (US TV show)|Today]]|date=June 22, 2016|access-date=February 11, 2019|first=Randee|last=Dawn|archive-date=February 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212012641/https://www.today.com/parents/jennifer-lopez-opens-about-her-dad-he-was-just-proud-t99971|url-status=live}}</ref> Pengudah gawa nyadi Soldadu Darat, David gawa nyadi juruteknik komputer ba Kompeni Insurans Guardian.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Rodriguez|first1=Giovanni René|title=JLo's Dad Lends A Hand In Silicon Valley|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/giovannirodriguez/2013/09/22/jlos-dad-lends-a-hand-in-silicon-valley/?sh=444ffbb75c34|access-date=June 6, 2021|magazine=Forbes|archive-date=June 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606205159/https://www.forbes.com/sites/giovannirodriguez/2013/09/22/jlos-dad-lends-a-hand-in-silicon-valley/?sh=444ffbb75c34|url-status=live}}</ref> Guadalupe nyadi siku orang ke gawa ba rumah dalam timpuh sepuluh taun keterubah pengidup Lopez, udah nya gawa nyadi orang ke bejual [[Tupperware]]<ref name="HuffPost2">{{cite news|title=J.Lo Opens Up About Her Parents' Divorce|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jennifer-lopez_n_3569932|access-date=June 6, 2021|work=HuffPost|date=July 10, 2013|archive-date=June 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606201446/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jennifer-lopez_n_3569932|url-status=live}}</ref> sereta nyadi pengajar tadika enggau lumba enggau main.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Molloy|first=Joanna|title=It's nice Jennifer Lopez wants to give kids free health care, but why not help out your old block|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2010/09/24/its-nice-jennifer-lopez-wants-to-give-kids-free-health-care-but-why-not-help-out-your-old-block/|access-date=November 6, 2021|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=September 24, 2010}}</ref> Seduai iya sarak dalam taun 1990-an pengudah 33 taun jadi melaki bini.<ref name="HuffPost2" /> Lopez nya anak tengah; iya bisi menyadi indu ke tuai agi, Leslie, enggau menyadi indu ke biak agi, Lynda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/a28325461/jennifer-lopez-sisters/|title=Jennifer Lopez's Sisters Still Think of Their Middle Sister as a "Goofball"|work=OprahDaily|first=Celia|last=Fernandez|date=June 22, 2019|access-date=August 15, 2022|archive-date=August 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814061616/https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/a28325461/jennifer-lopez-sisters/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sida tiga bekunsi katil.<ref>{{harvnb|Lopez|2014|at=428}}</ref><ref name="wmagazine">{{cite magazine|title=Jennifer Lopez: Dream Girl|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/jennifer-lopez-august-2013-cover|access-date=June 7, 2021|magazine=[[W (magazine)|W]]|archive-date=July 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130711103336/http://www.wmagazine.com/people/celebrities/2013/07/jennifer-lopez-august-2013-cover|url-status=live}}</ref> Lopez udah nerangka chara iya dibesaika nya "terit".<ref name="robinson2">{{cite news|last1=Robinson|first1=Lisa|title=Jenny Back on the Block|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/09/jennifer-lopez-201109|access-date=June 6, 2021|magazine=Vanity Fair|archive-date=July 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714073057/http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/09/jennifer-lopez-201109|url-status=live}}</ref> Iya dibesaika ba ruang bilik Katolik; iya ngulu [[Misa (liturgi)|Misa]] ninting Hari Minggu lalu nerima [[Sekula Katolik|pelajar Katolik]], ngulu Sekula Holy Family enggau Sekula Tinggi Preston ke semua nembiak indu, sebengkah sekula peribit.<ref name="actorsstudio2">{{Cite episode|title=Jennifer Lopez|series=[[Inside the Actors Studio]]|date=October 10, 2004|url=https://www.ovationtv.com/watch/playlist/UUIZm45D/inside-the-actors-studio-jennifer-lopez/|network=Ovation TV|season=11|number=153|last=Lipton|first=James (host)|access-date=March 29, 2023|archive-date=March 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329180651/https://www.ovationtv.com/watch/playlist/UUIZm45D/inside-the-actors-studio-jennifer-lopez/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ba sekula, Lopez belanda trek ba renggat nasional, ngambi bagi dalam gimnastik, lalu bisi dalam tim softball.<ref name="rantrack2">{{harvnb|Parish|2009|p=14}}</ref> Iya kala bedansing ba muzikal sekula lalu nyadi tuai dalam produksyen ''Godspell''.<ref name="Parish 212">{{harvnb|Parish|2009|p=21}}</ref> Iya madahka diri siku "tomboy" enggau "balat atletik". <ref>{{harvnb|Parish|2009|p=8}}</ref> Bisi "mayuh muzik" ba ruang bilik selama Puerto Rico,<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Meyers|first1=Kate|title=Jennifer Lopez on her burgeoning film career|url=https://ew.com/article/1995/12/01/jennifer-lopez-her-burgeoning-film-career/|access-date=July 6, 2021|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=December 1, 1995|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190247/https://ew.com/article/1995/12/01/jennifer-lopez-her-burgeoning-film-career/|url-status=live}}</ref> lalu Lopez enggau bala menyadi indu iya diperansang belagu, ngajat, sereta ngaga leka main kediri empu ungkup pengawa diri sebilik.<ref name="behind2">{{Cite episode|title=Behind the Music: Jennifer Lopez|series=[[Behind the Music]]|network=[[VH1]]|date=July 4, 2010|season=12|number=6}}</ref><ref name="atriplethreat2">{{cite web|url=http://www.evancarmichael.com/Famous-Entrepreneurs/619/The-Triple-Threat-Jennifer-Lopez-is-Born.html|title=The Triple Threat: Jennifer Lopez is Born|publisher=Evan Carmichael|access-date=March 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226091637/http://www.evancarmichael.com/Famous-Entrepreneurs/619/The-Triple-Threat-Jennifer-Lopez-is-Born.html|archive-date=February 26, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''West Side Story'' ngaga pengerindu ti spesifik ngagai Lopez ti agi biak, ti deka nyadi pemerindang ari umur ti agi mit.<ref name="actorsstudio2" /> Lebuh agi nembiak, Lopez nyadi "obsesif" enggau pengawa betanda, madahka "aku belatih nyentukka kaki enggau kaki aku pedis".<ref>{{harvnb|Lopez|2014|at=395}} </ref> Iya belajarka flamenco, jazz, enggau balet ba Kelab Lelaki &amp;amp; Indu Kips Bay<ref name="actorsstudio2" /> lalu ngajar betanda ngagai nembiak ke biak agi, nyengkaum Kerry Washington.<ref>{{cite news|title=Exclusive: Kerry Washington Reflects on Her Bronx Childhood, Dishes on Husband's Hilarious Met Gala Antics|last1=McRady|first1=Rachel|url=https://www.etonline.com/news/216634_exclusive_kerry_washington_reflects_on_her_bronx_childhood_dishes_on_husband_s_hilarious_met_gala_antics|date=May 3, 2017|access-date=June 11, 2021|work=[[Entertainment Tonight]]|archive-date=June 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611064959/https://www.etonline.com/news/216634_exclusive_kerry_washington_reflects_on_her_bronx_childhood_dishes_on_husband_s_hilarious_met_gala_antics|url-status=live}}</ref> Pengudah nembuka pelajar ba sekula tinggi, iya bisi pengawa nyadi sekretari setengah jam ba sebuah firma undang-undang lalu belajarka pengawa dagang ba Kolej Baruch New York pengelama sebulan.<ref>{{harvnb|Parish|2009|pp=18–22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kochman|first1=Ben|title=Former employer raffles J.Lo concert tix to help pop star's old school|url=https://www.bxtimes.com/former-employer-raffles-j-lo-concert-tix-to-help-pop-stars-old-school/|access-date=June 11, 2021|newspaper=[[Bronx Times-Reporter]]|archive-date=June 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611223139/https://www.bxtimes.com/former-employer-raffles-j-lo-concert-tix-to-help-pop-stars-old-school/|url-status=live}}</ref> Maya umur 18 taun, iya ngambi pelajar penuh jam ba Phil Black Dance Studio Manhattan, ke alai iya udah kala ngambi kelas malam dalam jazz enggau tanda tap.<ref name="robinson2" /><ref name="actorsstudio2" /> Apai indai iya enda lantang ati enggau pemutus iya ninggalka kolej deka nampung pengawa petanda. Ku jaku Lopez, apai indai iya ngasaika nya “beli” laban “nadai orang Latina ngereja nya”.<ref name="Parish 212" /> Indai iya ngasuh iya pindah ari rumah sida sebilik, lalu seduai iya badu bejaku pengelama lapan bulan.<ref name="behind2" /><ref name="behind">{{Cite episode|title=Behind the Music: Jennifer Lopez|series=[[Behind the Music]]|network=[[VH1]]|date=July 4, 2010|season=12|number=6}}</ref> Lopez pindah ke Manhattan, tinduk ba opis studio tanda nya dalam kandang beberapa bulan keterubah.<ref name="wmagazine" /><ref name="robinson2" /><ref name="actorsstudio2" /> == Rujukan == {{Reflist|group="note"}} == Sumber == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Reyes |first=Luis |url=https://archive.org/details/hispanicsinholly0000reye |title=Hispanics in Hollywood: A Celebration of 100 Years in Film and Television |publisher=iFilm Publishing/Lone Eagle |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-58065-025-0}} * {{cite book |last=Marquez |first=Herón |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1BW88v0_zMC&pg=PA47 |title=Latin Sensations |publisher=[[Twenty-First Century Books]] |year=2001 |isbn=9780822549932 |access-date=July 3, 2012}} * {{Cite book |last=Gallick |first=Sarah |url=https://archive.org/details/jlosecretsbehind00gall |title=J.Lo: The Secret Behind Jennifer Lopez's Rise to the Top |publisher=Ami Books |year=2003 |isbn=1-932270-07-8 |editor=[[National Enquirer]] |series=From the Files of the ''National Enquirer'' Series}} * {{cite book |last1=Negrón-Muntaner |first1=Frances |title=Boricua pop: Puerto Ricans and the latinization of American culture |date=2004 |publisher=New York Univ. Press |isbn=0814758185 |location=New York |author1-link=Frances Negrón-Muntaner}} * {{cite book |last1=Deanne |first1=Stacy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZGMcUEvkyEC |title=Alicia Keys, Ashanti, Beyoncé, Destiny's Child, Jennifer Lopez & Mya: Divas of the New Millennium |last2=Kenyatta |first2=Kelly |last3=Lowery |first3=Natasha |publisher=Amber Books Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=9780974977966 |editor-last=Sanders |editor-first=Kwynn}} * {{cite book |last1=Mendible |first1=Myra |title=[[From Bananas to Buttocks|From Bananas to Buttocks: The Latina Body in Popular Film and Culture]] |date=2007 |publisher=[[University of Texas Press]] |isbn=9780292714939}} * {{cite book |last=Redmond |first=Sean |title=Stardom and Celebrity: A Reader |publisher=SAGE |year=2007 |isbn=978-1446202388 |editor-last=Holmes |editor-first=Su |pages=282–283}} * {{cite book |last1=Bruns |first1=Roger |title=Icons of Latino America: Latino Contributions to American Culture, Volume 1 and 2 |date=August 30, 2008 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=9781573567961 |author1-link=Roger Bruns}} * {{cite book |last1=Tracy |first1=Kathleen A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIDDEAAAQBAJ |title=Jennifer Lopez: A Biography |date=September 30, 2008 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=9780313355165 |access-date=February 22, 2024}} * {{Cite book |last=Cottrell |first=Robert C. |title=Icons of American Popular Culture: From P. T. Barnum to Jennifer Lopez |publisher=[[M. E. Sharpe]] |year=2009 |isbn=9780765628350}} * {{cite book |last1=Parish |first1=James Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lh1Y2OK-VdsC |title=Jennifer Lopez |date=2009 |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |isbn=9781438111919 |location=New York |author1-link=James Robert Parish |access-date=February 22, 2024}} * {{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Sam G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9k3EEAAAQBAJ |title=Star Struck: An Encyclopedia of Celebrity Culture |date=2010 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=9780313358135 |access-date=February 24, 2024}} * {{Cite book |last=Ovalle |first=Priscilla Peña |title=Dance and the Hollywood Latina: Race, Sex, and Stardom |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0813548807}} * {{Cite book |last=Lopez |first=Jennifer |title=[[True Love (book)|True Love]] |publisher=Celebra |year=2014 |isbn=9780451468680}} * {{Cite book |last=Woog |first=Adam |title=The Great Hispanic Heritage Series: Jennifer Lopez, Updated Edition |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |year=2020 |isbn=9781438197999}} {{refend}} == Laman web ke bukai == * {{Official website|https://jenniferlopez.com|Jennifer Lopez}} – laman web rasi * {{Official website|https://www.jlobeauty.com/|JLo Beauty}} – laman web pemajik rasmi * {{AllMusic|artist|mn0000317865}} * {{Discogs artist}} * {{IMDb name|182}} * [https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/jennifer_lopez Jennifer Lopez] at Rotten Tomatoes [[Kategori:Penanyi indu Amerika kurun ke-21]] [[Kategori:Orang idup]] [[Kategori:Pengada 1969]] [[Kategori:Pengelulu indu Amerika kurun ke-21]] m1qj82q7uy66ekac1ykj9zxq724h4i2 18770 18769 2026-04-30T02:41:16Z Song GK 9 /* Rujukan */ 18770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jennifer Lopez | image = Jennifer Lopez at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped 3).jpg <!-- NOTE: Do not replace picture unless it is with a photo under a public domain or free license (meaning NOT fair use). Any fair use photos (i.e. 'promotional photos') violate the Fair Use Policy and will be deleted. See [[Wikipedia:Fair]] use criteria -->| caption = Lopez maya taun 2025 | other_names = {{hlist|J.Lo|Jennifer Affleck{{efn|Dikena lebuh agi bejadi enggau [[Ben Affleck]] (2022–2024)<ref name="jennaffleck">{{cite magazine|last=Sanchez|first=Rosa|title=Jennifer Lopez Defends Her Name Change to Mrs. Affleck After Wedding to Ben|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a41910437/jennifer-lopez-defends-name-change-mrs-affleck-wedding-ben/|date=November 9, 2022|access-date=October 2, 2023|magazine=[[Harper's Bazaar]]|quote=her name change to Jennifer Affleck ... People are still going to call me Jennifer Lopez. But my legal name will be Mrs. Affleck because we're joined together.}}</ref>}}|Jennifer Muñiz{{efn|Dikena lebuh agi bejadi enggau [[Marc Anthony]] (2004–2014)<ref name="2014 name change" />}} }} | birth_name = Jennifer Lynn Lopez | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|7|24}} | birth_place = [[Nengeri New York]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Singer|songwriter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ascap.com/repertory#/ace/writer/352848639/LOPEZ+JENNIFER+LYNN|title=ACE Repertory|website=www.ascap.com|accessdate=July 31, 2024|archive-date=March 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306032310/https://www.ascap.com/Home/ace-title-search/index.aspx#/ace/writer/352848639/LOPEZ+JENNIFER+LYNN|url-status=live}}</ref>|actress|dancer|producer|businesswoman}}<!--Please do not add to this list without first discussing your proposal on the talk page. --> | years_active = 1989-diatu | notable_works = {{hlist|[[Diskografi Jennifer Lopez|Diskografi]]|[[Rintai lagu dirikutka Jennifer Lopez|lagu dirikutka]]|[[Videografi Jennifer Lopez|videografi]]|[[Filmografi Jennifer Lopez|filmografi]]|[[Rintai pemerindang terus Jennifer Lopez|pemerindang]]}} | spouse = {{unbulleted list | {{marriage|Ojani Noa|1997|1998|end=sarak}} | {{marriage|Cris Judd|2001|2003|end=sarak}} | {{marriage|[[Marc Anthony]]|2004|2014|end=sarak}} | {{marriage|[[Ben Affleck]]|2022|2025|end=sarak}} }}<!--Partner parameter is for long-term life partners, not a dating history--> | children = 2 | relatives = [[Lynda Lopez]] (sister) | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Lopez|Full list]] | website = {{Official Website|https://onthejlo.com/en/home}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = person | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop music|Pop]]|[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]|[[Latin music|Latin]]|[[hip hop]]|[[Dance music|dance]]}} | instrument = Vocals | label = {{hlist|[[Work Group|Work]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]]|[[Island Records|Island]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]|Hitco|[[BMG Rights Management|BMG]]}}<!--Listed in chronological order!--> }} | signature = Jennifer Lopez Signature.svg }} '''Jennifer Lynn Lopez''' (ada 24 Julai 1969)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Schillaci|first1=Sophie|title=Inside Jennifer Lopez's 54th Birthday Party Hosted by Ben Affleck|url=https://www.etonline.com/inside-jennifer-lopezs-54th-birthday-party-hosted-by-ben-affleck-and-how-they-are-meshing-their|website=Entertainment Tonight|access-date=October 20, 2023|date=August 1, 2023|archive-date=November 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110154633/https://www.etonline.com/inside-jennifer-lopezs-54th-birthday-party-hosted-by-ben-affleck-and-how-they-are-meshing-their|url-status=live}}</ref> iya nya siku penanyi, penulis lagu, pengelulu, petanda, enggau indu dagang Amerika. Lopez dianggap nyadi siku ari pemerindang ke pemadu bepengaruh maya nya, diberi kredit ketegal udah mechahka sekat ungkup orang Latino Amerika di Hollywood sereta mantu meransang gerak pop Latin dalam muzik. Iya mega dikelala enggau empas budaya iya nengah fesyen, chap, enggau ngalihka standard pemajik arus perdana. == Pengidup tumu == Jennifer Lynn Lopez ada kena 24 Julai 1969, ba Bronx, siti ari kandang menua di New York, lalu dibesaika ba kandang endur Castle Hill iya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.courttv.com/trials/puffy/docs/duty-caps_3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209202541/http://www.courttv.com/trials/puffy/docs/duty-caps_3.html|archive-date=February 9, 2008|title=Duty Captain's Report|access-date=October 29, 2006|publisher=[[Court TV]]|date=January 17, 2001}}</ref><ref name="Gallick20032">{{harvnb|Gallick|2003}}</ref><ref name="biography.com2">{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/jennifer-lopez-9542231|title=Jennifer Lopez: Actress, Reality Television Star, Dancer, Singer (1969–)|website=[[Biography.com]]|publisher=[[A&E Networks]]|access-date=February 11, 2019|archive-date=March 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313084042/https://www.biography.com/people/jennifer-lopez-9542231|url-status=live}}</ref> Apai indai iya, Guadalupe Rodríguez enggau David Lopez, ada di [[Puerto Rico]] lalu betemu di Nengeri New York.<ref name="Cartlidge-book">{{Cite book |last=Cartlidge |first=Cherese |url=https://archive.org/details/jenniferlopez0000cart |title=Jennifer Lopez |publisher=Lucent Books |year=2012 |isbn=978-1420507553 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jenniferlopez0000cart/page/13 13] |quote=Jennifer Lynn Lopez's parents, David and Guadalupe, were both born in Ponce, the second-largest city in Puerto Rico. |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.today.com/parents/jennifer-lopez-opens-about-her-dad-he-was-just-proud-t99971|title=Jennifer Lopez opens up about her dad: 'He was just proud of me'|work=[[Today (US TV show)|Today]]|date=June 22, 2016|access-date=February 11, 2019|first=Randee|last=Dawn|archive-date=February 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212012641/https://www.today.com/parents/jennifer-lopez-opens-about-her-dad-he-was-just-proud-t99971|url-status=live}}</ref> Pengudah gawa nyadi Soldadu Darat, David gawa nyadi juruteknik komputer ba Kompeni Insurans Guardian.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Rodriguez|first1=Giovanni René|title=JLo's Dad Lends A Hand In Silicon Valley|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/giovannirodriguez/2013/09/22/jlos-dad-lends-a-hand-in-silicon-valley/?sh=444ffbb75c34|access-date=June 6, 2021|magazine=Forbes|archive-date=June 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606205159/https://www.forbes.com/sites/giovannirodriguez/2013/09/22/jlos-dad-lends-a-hand-in-silicon-valley/?sh=444ffbb75c34|url-status=live}}</ref> Guadalupe nyadi siku orang ke gawa ba rumah dalam timpuh sepuluh taun keterubah pengidup Lopez, udah nya gawa nyadi orang ke bejual [[Tupperware]]<ref name="HuffPost2">{{cite news|title=J.Lo Opens Up About Her Parents' Divorce|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jennifer-lopez_n_3569932|access-date=June 6, 2021|work=HuffPost|date=July 10, 2013|archive-date=June 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606201446/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jennifer-lopez_n_3569932|url-status=live}}</ref> sereta nyadi pengajar tadika enggau lumba enggau main.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Molloy|first=Joanna|title=It's nice Jennifer Lopez wants to give kids free health care, but why not help out your old block|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2010/09/24/its-nice-jennifer-lopez-wants-to-give-kids-free-health-care-but-why-not-help-out-your-old-block/|access-date=November 6, 2021|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=September 24, 2010}}</ref> Seduai iya sarak dalam taun 1990-an pengudah 33 taun jadi melaki bini.<ref name="HuffPost2" /> Lopez nya anak tengah; iya bisi menyadi indu ke tuai agi, Leslie, enggau menyadi indu ke biak agi, Lynda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/a28325461/jennifer-lopez-sisters/|title=Jennifer Lopez's Sisters Still Think of Their Middle Sister as a "Goofball"|work=OprahDaily|first=Celia|last=Fernandez|date=June 22, 2019|access-date=August 15, 2022|archive-date=August 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814061616/https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/a28325461/jennifer-lopez-sisters/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sida tiga bekunsi katil.<ref>{{harvnb|Lopez|2014|at=428}}</ref><ref name="wmagazine">{{cite magazine|title=Jennifer Lopez: Dream Girl|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/jennifer-lopez-august-2013-cover|access-date=June 7, 2021|magazine=[[W (magazine)|W]]|archive-date=July 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130711103336/http://www.wmagazine.com/people/celebrities/2013/07/jennifer-lopez-august-2013-cover|url-status=live}}</ref> Lopez udah nerangka chara iya dibesaika nya "terit".<ref name="robinson2">{{cite news|last1=Robinson|first1=Lisa|title=Jenny Back on the Block|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/09/jennifer-lopez-201109|access-date=June 6, 2021|magazine=Vanity Fair|archive-date=July 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714073057/http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/09/jennifer-lopez-201109|url-status=live}}</ref> Iya dibesaika ba ruang bilik Katolik; iya ngulu [[Misa (liturgi)|Misa]] ninting Hari Minggu lalu nerima [[Sekula Katolik|pelajar Katolik]], ngulu Sekula Holy Family enggau Sekula Tinggi Preston ke semua nembiak indu, sebengkah sekula peribit.<ref name="actorsstudio2">{{Cite episode|title=Jennifer Lopez|series=[[Inside the Actors Studio]]|date=October 10, 2004|url=https://www.ovationtv.com/watch/playlist/UUIZm45D/inside-the-actors-studio-jennifer-lopez/|network=Ovation TV|season=11|number=153|last=Lipton|first=James (host)|access-date=March 29, 2023|archive-date=March 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329180651/https://www.ovationtv.com/watch/playlist/UUIZm45D/inside-the-actors-studio-jennifer-lopez/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ba sekula, Lopez belanda trek ba renggat nasional, ngambi bagi dalam gimnastik, lalu bisi dalam tim softball.<ref name="rantrack2">{{harvnb|Parish|2009|p=14}}</ref> Iya kala bedansing ba muzikal sekula lalu nyadi tuai dalam produksyen ''Godspell''.<ref name="Parish 212">{{harvnb|Parish|2009|p=21}}</ref> Iya madahka diri siku "tomboy" enggau "balat atletik". <ref>{{harvnb|Parish|2009|p=8}}</ref> Bisi "mayuh muzik" ba ruang bilik selama Puerto Rico,<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Meyers|first1=Kate|title=Jennifer Lopez on her burgeoning film career|url=https://ew.com/article/1995/12/01/jennifer-lopez-her-burgeoning-film-career/|access-date=July 6, 2021|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=December 1, 1995|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190247/https://ew.com/article/1995/12/01/jennifer-lopez-her-burgeoning-film-career/|url-status=live}}</ref> lalu Lopez enggau bala menyadi indu iya diperansang belagu, ngajat, sereta ngaga leka main kediri empu ungkup pengawa diri sebilik.<ref name="behind2">{{Cite episode|title=Behind the Music: Jennifer Lopez|series=[[Behind the Music]]|network=[[VH1]]|date=July 4, 2010|season=12|number=6}}</ref><ref name="atriplethreat2">{{cite web|url=http://www.evancarmichael.com/Famous-Entrepreneurs/619/The-Triple-Threat-Jennifer-Lopez-is-Born.html|title=The Triple Threat: Jennifer Lopez is Born|publisher=Evan Carmichael|access-date=March 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226091637/http://www.evancarmichael.com/Famous-Entrepreneurs/619/The-Triple-Threat-Jennifer-Lopez-is-Born.html|archive-date=February 26, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''West Side Story'' ngaga pengerindu ti spesifik ngagai Lopez ti agi biak, ti deka nyadi pemerindang ari umur ti agi mit.<ref name="actorsstudio2" /> Lebuh agi nembiak, Lopez nyadi "obsesif" enggau pengawa betanda, madahka "aku belatih nyentukka kaki enggau kaki aku pedis".<ref>{{harvnb|Lopez|2014|at=395}} </ref> Iya belajarka flamenco, jazz, enggau balet ba Kelab Lelaki &amp;amp; Indu Kips Bay<ref name="actorsstudio2" /> lalu ngajar betanda ngagai nembiak ke biak agi, nyengkaum Kerry Washington.<ref>{{cite news|title=Exclusive: Kerry Washington Reflects on Her Bronx Childhood, Dishes on Husband's Hilarious Met Gala Antics|last1=McRady|first1=Rachel|url=https://www.etonline.com/news/216634_exclusive_kerry_washington_reflects_on_her_bronx_childhood_dishes_on_husband_s_hilarious_met_gala_antics|date=May 3, 2017|access-date=June 11, 2021|work=[[Entertainment Tonight]]|archive-date=June 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611064959/https://www.etonline.com/news/216634_exclusive_kerry_washington_reflects_on_her_bronx_childhood_dishes_on_husband_s_hilarious_met_gala_antics|url-status=live}}</ref> Pengudah nembuka pelajar ba sekula tinggi, iya bisi pengawa nyadi sekretari setengah jam ba sebuah firma undang-undang lalu belajarka pengawa dagang ba Kolej Baruch New York pengelama sebulan.<ref>{{harvnb|Parish|2009|pp=18–22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kochman|first1=Ben|title=Former employer raffles J.Lo concert tix to help pop star's old school|url=https://www.bxtimes.com/former-employer-raffles-j-lo-concert-tix-to-help-pop-stars-old-school/|access-date=June 11, 2021|newspaper=[[Bronx Times-Reporter]]|archive-date=June 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611223139/https://www.bxtimes.com/former-employer-raffles-j-lo-concert-tix-to-help-pop-stars-old-school/|url-status=live}}</ref> Maya umur 18 taun, iya ngambi pelajar penuh jam ba Phil Black Dance Studio Manhattan, ke alai iya udah kala ngambi kelas malam dalam jazz enggau tanda tap.<ref name="robinson2" /><ref name="actorsstudio2" /> Apai indai iya enda lantang ati enggau pemutus iya ninggalka kolej deka nampung pengawa petanda. Ku jaku Lopez, apai indai iya ngasaika nya “beli” laban “nadai orang Latina ngereja nya”.<ref name="Parish 212" /> Indai iya ngasuh iya pindah ari rumah sida sebilik, lalu seduai iya badu bejaku pengelama lapan bulan.<ref name="behind2" /><ref name="behind">{{Cite episode|title=Behind the Music: Jennifer Lopez|series=[[Behind the Music]]|network=[[VH1]]|date=July 4, 2010|season=12|number=6}}</ref> Lopez pindah ke Manhattan, tinduk ba opis studio tanda nya dalam kandang beberapa bulan keterubah.<ref name="wmagazine" /><ref name="robinson2" /><ref name="actorsstudio2" /> == Kereban sanding == <references group="lower-alpha"/> {{reflist}} == Sumber == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Reyes |first=Luis |url=https://archive.org/details/hispanicsinholly0000reye |title=Hispanics in Hollywood: A Celebration of 100 Years in Film and Television |publisher=iFilm Publishing/Lone Eagle |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-58065-025-0}} * {{cite book |last=Marquez |first=Herón |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1BW88v0_zMC&pg=PA47 |title=Latin Sensations |publisher=[[Twenty-First Century Books]] |year=2001 |isbn=9780822549932 |access-date=July 3, 2012}} * {{Cite book |last=Gallick |first=Sarah |url=https://archive.org/details/jlosecretsbehind00gall |title=J.Lo: The Secret Behind Jennifer Lopez's Rise to the Top |publisher=Ami Books |year=2003 |isbn=1-932270-07-8 |editor=[[National Enquirer]] |series=From the Files of the ''National Enquirer'' Series}} * {{cite book |last1=Negrón-Muntaner |first1=Frances |title=Boricua pop: Puerto Ricans and the latinization of American culture |date=2004 |publisher=New York Univ. Press |isbn=0814758185 |location=New York |author1-link=Frances Negrón-Muntaner}} * {{cite book |last1=Deanne |first1=Stacy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZGMcUEvkyEC |title=Alicia Keys, Ashanti, Beyoncé, Destiny's Child, Jennifer Lopez & Mya: Divas of the New Millennium |last2=Kenyatta |first2=Kelly |last3=Lowery |first3=Natasha |publisher=Amber Books Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=9780974977966 |editor-last=Sanders |editor-first=Kwynn}} * {{cite book |last1=Mendible |first1=Myra |title=[[From Bananas to Buttocks|From Bananas to Buttocks: The Latina Body in Popular Film and Culture]] |date=2007 |publisher=[[University of Texas Press]] |isbn=9780292714939}} * {{cite book |last=Redmond |first=Sean |title=Stardom and Celebrity: A Reader |publisher=SAGE |year=2007 |isbn=978-1446202388 |editor-last=Holmes |editor-first=Su |pages=282–283}} * {{cite book |last1=Bruns |first1=Roger |title=Icons of Latino America: Latino Contributions to American Culture, Volume 1 and 2 |date=August 30, 2008 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=9781573567961 |author1-link=Roger Bruns}} * {{cite book |last1=Tracy |first1=Kathleen A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIDDEAAAQBAJ |title=Jennifer Lopez: A Biography |date=September 30, 2008 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=9780313355165 |access-date=February 22, 2024}} * {{Cite book |last=Cottrell |first=Robert C. |title=Icons of American Popular Culture: From P. T. Barnum to Jennifer Lopez |publisher=[[M. E. Sharpe]] |year=2009 |isbn=9780765628350}} * {{cite book |last1=Parish |first1=James Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lh1Y2OK-VdsC |title=Jennifer Lopez |date=2009 |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |isbn=9781438111919 |location=New York |author1-link=James Robert Parish |access-date=February 22, 2024}} * {{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Sam G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9k3EEAAAQBAJ |title=Star Struck: An Encyclopedia of Celebrity Culture |date=2010 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=9780313358135 |access-date=February 24, 2024}} * {{Cite book |last=Ovalle |first=Priscilla Peña |title=Dance and the Hollywood Latina: Race, Sex, and Stardom |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0813548807}} * {{Cite book |last=Lopez |first=Jennifer |title=[[True Love (book)|True Love]] |publisher=Celebra |year=2014 |isbn=9780451468680}} * {{Cite book |last=Woog |first=Adam |title=The Great Hispanic Heritage Series: Jennifer Lopez, Updated Edition |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |year=2020 |isbn=9781438197999}} {{refend}} == Laman web ke bukai == * {{Official website|https://jenniferlopez.com|Jennifer Lopez}} – laman web rasi * {{Official website|https://www.jlobeauty.com/|JLo Beauty}} – laman web pemajik rasmi * {{AllMusic|artist|mn0000317865}} * {{Discogs artist}} * {{IMDb name|182}} * [https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/jennifer_lopez Jennifer Lopez] at Rotten Tomatoes [[Kategori:Penanyi indu Amerika kurun ke-21]] [[Kategori:Orang idup]] [[Kategori:Pengada 1969]] [[Kategori:Pengelulu indu Amerika kurun ke-21]] rrh5cfu4zxzgieemxxv9rxgzjmch1bf 18771 18770 2026-04-30T02:42:07Z Song GK 9 /* Kereban sanding */ 18771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jennifer Lopez | image = Jennifer Lopez at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped 3).jpg <!-- NOTE: Do not replace picture unless it is with a photo under a public domain or free license (meaning NOT fair use). Any fair use photos (i.e. 'promotional photos') violate the Fair Use Policy and will be deleted. See [[Wikipedia:Fair]] use criteria -->| caption = Lopez maya taun 2025 | other_names = {{hlist|J.Lo|Jennifer Affleck{{efn|Dikena lebuh agi bejadi enggau [[Ben Affleck]] (2022–2024)<ref name="jennaffleck">{{cite magazine|last=Sanchez|first=Rosa|title=Jennifer Lopez Defends Her Name Change to Mrs. Affleck After Wedding to Ben|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/celebrity/latest/a41910437/jennifer-lopez-defends-name-change-mrs-affleck-wedding-ben/|date=November 9, 2022|access-date=October 2, 2023|magazine=[[Harper's Bazaar]]|quote=her name change to Jennifer Affleck ... People are still going to call me Jennifer Lopez. But my legal name will be Mrs. Affleck because we're joined together.}}</ref>}}|Jennifer Muñiz{{efn|Dikena lebuh agi bejadi enggau [[Marc Anthony]] (2004–2014)<ref name="2014 name change" />}} }} | birth_name = Jennifer Lynn Lopez | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|7|24}} | birth_place = [[Nengeri New York]], U.S. | occupation = {{hlist|Singer|songwriter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ascap.com/repertory#/ace/writer/352848639/LOPEZ+JENNIFER+LYNN|title=ACE Repertory|website=www.ascap.com|accessdate=July 31, 2024|archive-date=March 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306032310/https://www.ascap.com/Home/ace-title-search/index.aspx#/ace/writer/352848639/LOPEZ+JENNIFER+LYNN|url-status=live}}</ref>|actress|dancer|producer|businesswoman}}<!--Please do not add to this list without first discussing your proposal on the talk page. --> | years_active = 1989-diatu | notable_works = {{hlist|[[Diskografi Jennifer Lopez|Diskografi]]|[[Rintai lagu dirikutka Jennifer Lopez|lagu dirikutka]]|[[Videografi Jennifer Lopez|videografi]]|[[Filmografi Jennifer Lopez|filmografi]]|[[Rintai pemerindang terus Jennifer Lopez|pemerindang]]}} | spouse = {{unbulleted list | {{marriage|Ojani Noa|1997|1998|end=sarak}} | {{marriage|Cris Judd|2001|2003|end=sarak}} | {{marriage|[[Marc Anthony]]|2004|2014|end=sarak}} | {{marriage|[[Ben Affleck]]|2022|2025|end=sarak}} }}<!--Partner parameter is for long-term life partners, not a dating history--> | children = 2 | relatives = [[Lynda Lopez]] (sister) | awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Jennifer Lopez|Full list]] | website = {{Official Website|https://onthejlo.com/en/home}} | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | background = person | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop music|Pop]]|[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]]|[[Latin music|Latin]]|[[hip hop]]|[[Dance music|dance]]}} | instrument = Vocals | label = {{hlist|[[Work Group|Work]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]]|[[Island Records|Island]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]|Hitco|[[BMG Rights Management|BMG]]}}<!--Listed in chronological order!--> }} | signature = Jennifer Lopez Signature.svg }} '''Jennifer Lynn Lopez''' (ada 24 Julai 1969)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Schillaci|first1=Sophie|title=Inside Jennifer Lopez's 54th Birthday Party Hosted by Ben Affleck|url=https://www.etonline.com/inside-jennifer-lopezs-54th-birthday-party-hosted-by-ben-affleck-and-how-they-are-meshing-their|website=Entertainment Tonight|access-date=October 20, 2023|date=August 1, 2023|archive-date=November 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110154633/https://www.etonline.com/inside-jennifer-lopezs-54th-birthday-party-hosted-by-ben-affleck-and-how-they-are-meshing-their|url-status=live}}</ref> iya nya siku penanyi, penulis lagu, pengelulu, petanda, enggau indu dagang Amerika. Lopez dianggap nyadi siku ari pemerindang ke pemadu bepengaruh maya nya, diberi kredit ketegal udah mechahka sekat ungkup orang Latino Amerika di Hollywood sereta mantu meransang gerak pop Latin dalam muzik. Iya mega dikelala enggau empas budaya iya nengah fesyen, chap, enggau ngalihka standard pemajik arus perdana. == Pengidup tumu == Jennifer Lynn Lopez ada kena 24 Julai 1969, ba Bronx, siti ari kandang menua di New York, lalu dibesaika ba kandang endur Castle Hill iya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.courttv.com/trials/puffy/docs/duty-caps_3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209202541/http://www.courttv.com/trials/puffy/docs/duty-caps_3.html|archive-date=February 9, 2008|title=Duty Captain's Report|access-date=October 29, 2006|publisher=[[Court TV]]|date=January 17, 2001}}</ref><ref name="Gallick20032">{{harvnb|Gallick|2003}}</ref><ref name="biography.com2">{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/jennifer-lopez-9542231|title=Jennifer Lopez: Actress, Reality Television Star, Dancer, Singer (1969–)|website=[[Biography.com]]|publisher=[[A&E Networks]]|access-date=February 11, 2019|archive-date=March 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313084042/https://www.biography.com/people/jennifer-lopez-9542231|url-status=live}}</ref> Apai indai iya, Guadalupe Rodríguez enggau David Lopez, ada di [[Puerto Rico]] lalu betemu di Nengeri New York.<ref name="Cartlidge-book">{{Cite book |last=Cartlidge |first=Cherese |url=https://archive.org/details/jenniferlopez0000cart |title=Jennifer Lopez |publisher=Lucent Books |year=2012 |isbn=978-1420507553 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jenniferlopez0000cart/page/13 13] |quote=Jennifer Lynn Lopez's parents, David and Guadalupe, were both born in Ponce, the second-largest city in Puerto Rico. |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.today.com/parents/jennifer-lopez-opens-about-her-dad-he-was-just-proud-t99971|title=Jennifer Lopez opens up about her dad: 'He was just proud of me'|work=[[Today (US TV show)|Today]]|date=June 22, 2016|access-date=February 11, 2019|first=Randee|last=Dawn|archive-date=February 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212012641/https://www.today.com/parents/jennifer-lopez-opens-about-her-dad-he-was-just-proud-t99971|url-status=live}}</ref> Pengudah gawa nyadi Soldadu Darat, David gawa nyadi juruteknik komputer ba Kompeni Insurans Guardian.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Rodriguez|first1=Giovanni René|title=JLo's Dad Lends A Hand In Silicon Valley|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/giovannirodriguez/2013/09/22/jlos-dad-lends-a-hand-in-silicon-valley/?sh=444ffbb75c34|access-date=June 6, 2021|magazine=Forbes|archive-date=June 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606205159/https://www.forbes.com/sites/giovannirodriguez/2013/09/22/jlos-dad-lends-a-hand-in-silicon-valley/?sh=444ffbb75c34|url-status=live}}</ref> Guadalupe nyadi siku orang ke gawa ba rumah dalam timpuh sepuluh taun keterubah pengidup Lopez, udah nya gawa nyadi orang ke bejual [[Tupperware]]<ref name="HuffPost2">{{cite news|title=J.Lo Opens Up About Her Parents' Divorce|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jennifer-lopez_n_3569932|access-date=June 6, 2021|work=HuffPost|date=July 10, 2013|archive-date=June 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606201446/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/jennifer-lopez_n_3569932|url-status=live}}</ref> sereta nyadi pengajar tadika enggau lumba enggau main.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Molloy|first=Joanna|title=It's nice Jennifer Lopez wants to give kids free health care, but why not help out your old block|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/2010/09/24/its-nice-jennifer-lopez-wants-to-give-kids-free-health-care-but-why-not-help-out-your-old-block/|access-date=November 6, 2021|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=September 24, 2010}}</ref> Seduai iya sarak dalam taun 1990-an pengudah 33 taun jadi melaki bini.<ref name="HuffPost2" /> Lopez nya anak tengah; iya bisi menyadi indu ke tuai agi, Leslie, enggau menyadi indu ke biak agi, Lynda.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/a28325461/jennifer-lopez-sisters/|title=Jennifer Lopez's Sisters Still Think of Their Middle Sister as a "Goofball"|work=OprahDaily|first=Celia|last=Fernandez|date=June 22, 2019|access-date=August 15, 2022|archive-date=August 14, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814061616/https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/a28325461/jennifer-lopez-sisters/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sida tiga bekunsi katil.<ref>{{harvnb|Lopez|2014|at=428}}</ref><ref name="wmagazine">{{cite magazine|title=Jennifer Lopez: Dream Girl|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/jennifer-lopez-august-2013-cover|access-date=June 7, 2021|magazine=[[W (magazine)|W]]|archive-date=July 11, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130711103336/http://www.wmagazine.com/people/celebrities/2013/07/jennifer-lopez-august-2013-cover|url-status=live}}</ref> Lopez udah nerangka chara iya dibesaika nya "terit".<ref name="robinson2">{{cite news|last1=Robinson|first1=Lisa|title=Jenny Back on the Block|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/09/jennifer-lopez-201109|access-date=June 6, 2021|magazine=Vanity Fair|archive-date=July 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714073057/http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/09/jennifer-lopez-201109|url-status=live}}</ref> Iya dibesaika ba ruang bilik Katolik; iya ngulu [[Misa (liturgi)|Misa]] ninting Hari Minggu lalu nerima [[Sekula Katolik|pelajar Katolik]], ngulu Sekula Holy Family enggau Sekula Tinggi Preston ke semua nembiak indu, sebengkah sekula peribit.<ref name="actorsstudio2">{{Cite episode|title=Jennifer Lopez|series=[[Inside the Actors Studio]]|date=October 10, 2004|url=https://www.ovationtv.com/watch/playlist/UUIZm45D/inside-the-actors-studio-jennifer-lopez/|network=Ovation TV|season=11|number=153|last=Lipton|first=James (host)|access-date=March 29, 2023|archive-date=March 29, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329180651/https://www.ovationtv.com/watch/playlist/UUIZm45D/inside-the-actors-studio-jennifer-lopez/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ba sekula, Lopez belanda trek ba renggat nasional, ngambi bagi dalam gimnastik, lalu bisi dalam tim softball.<ref name="rantrack2">{{harvnb|Parish|2009|p=14}}</ref> Iya kala bedansing ba muzikal sekula lalu nyadi tuai dalam produksyen ''Godspell''.<ref name="Parish 212">{{harvnb|Parish|2009|p=21}}</ref> Iya madahka diri siku "tomboy" enggau "balat atletik". <ref>{{harvnb|Parish|2009|p=8}}</ref> Bisi "mayuh muzik" ba ruang bilik selama Puerto Rico,<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Meyers|first1=Kate|title=Jennifer Lopez on her burgeoning film career|url=https://ew.com/article/1995/12/01/jennifer-lopez-her-burgeoning-film-career/|access-date=July 6, 2021|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|date=December 1, 1995|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190247/https://ew.com/article/1995/12/01/jennifer-lopez-her-burgeoning-film-career/|url-status=live}}</ref> lalu Lopez enggau bala menyadi indu iya diperansang belagu, ngajat, sereta ngaga leka main kediri empu ungkup pengawa diri sebilik.<ref name="behind2">{{Cite episode|title=Behind the Music: Jennifer Lopez|series=[[Behind the Music]]|network=[[VH1]]|date=July 4, 2010|season=12|number=6}}</ref><ref name="atriplethreat2">{{cite web|url=http://www.evancarmichael.com/Famous-Entrepreneurs/619/The-Triple-Threat-Jennifer-Lopez-is-Born.html|title=The Triple Threat: Jennifer Lopez is Born|publisher=Evan Carmichael|access-date=March 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226091637/http://www.evancarmichael.com/Famous-Entrepreneurs/619/The-Triple-Threat-Jennifer-Lopez-is-Born.html|archive-date=February 26, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''West Side Story'' ngaga pengerindu ti spesifik ngagai Lopez ti agi biak, ti deka nyadi pemerindang ari umur ti agi mit.<ref name="actorsstudio2" /> Lebuh agi nembiak, Lopez nyadi "obsesif" enggau pengawa betanda, madahka "aku belatih nyentukka kaki enggau kaki aku pedis".<ref>{{harvnb|Lopez|2014|at=395}} </ref> Iya belajarka flamenco, jazz, enggau balet ba Kelab Lelaki &amp;amp; Indu Kips Bay<ref name="actorsstudio2" /> lalu ngajar betanda ngagai nembiak ke biak agi, nyengkaum Kerry Washington.<ref>{{cite news|title=Exclusive: Kerry Washington Reflects on Her Bronx Childhood, Dishes on Husband's Hilarious Met Gala Antics|last1=McRady|first1=Rachel|url=https://www.etonline.com/news/216634_exclusive_kerry_washington_reflects_on_her_bronx_childhood_dishes_on_husband_s_hilarious_met_gala_antics|date=May 3, 2017|access-date=June 11, 2021|work=[[Entertainment Tonight]]|archive-date=June 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611064959/https://www.etonline.com/news/216634_exclusive_kerry_washington_reflects_on_her_bronx_childhood_dishes_on_husband_s_hilarious_met_gala_antics|url-status=live}}</ref> Pengudah nembuka pelajar ba sekula tinggi, iya bisi pengawa nyadi sekretari setengah jam ba sebuah firma undang-undang lalu belajarka pengawa dagang ba Kolej Baruch New York pengelama sebulan.<ref>{{harvnb|Parish|2009|pp=18–22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kochman|first1=Ben|title=Former employer raffles J.Lo concert tix to help pop star's old school|url=https://www.bxtimes.com/former-employer-raffles-j-lo-concert-tix-to-help-pop-stars-old-school/|access-date=June 11, 2021|newspaper=[[Bronx Times-Reporter]]|archive-date=June 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611223139/https://www.bxtimes.com/former-employer-raffles-j-lo-concert-tix-to-help-pop-stars-old-school/|url-status=live}}</ref> Maya umur 18 taun, iya ngambi pelajar penuh jam ba Phil Black Dance Studio Manhattan, ke alai iya udah kala ngambi kelas malam dalam jazz enggau tanda tap.<ref name="robinson2" /><ref name="actorsstudio2" /> Apai indai iya enda lantang ati enggau pemutus iya ninggalka kolej deka nampung pengawa petanda. Ku jaku Lopez, apai indai iya ngasaika nya “beli” laban “nadai orang Latina ngereja nya”.<ref name="Parish 212" /> Indai iya ngasuh iya pindah ari rumah sida sebilik, lalu seduai iya badu bejaku pengelama lapan bulan.<ref name="behind2" /><ref name="behind">{{Cite episode|title=Behind the Music: Jennifer Lopez|series=[[Behind the Music]]|network=[[VH1]]|date=July 4, 2010|season=12|number=6}}</ref> Lopez pindah ke Manhattan, tinduk ba opis studio tanda nya dalam kandang beberapa bulan keterubah.<ref name="wmagazine" /><ref name="robinson2" /><ref name="actorsstudio2" /> == Nota == <references group="lower-alpha"/> == Kereban sanding == {{reflist}} == Sumber == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite book |last=Reyes |first=Luis |url=https://archive.org/details/hispanicsinholly0000reye |title=Hispanics in Hollywood: A Celebration of 100 Years in Film and Television |publisher=iFilm Publishing/Lone Eagle |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-58065-025-0}} * {{cite book |last=Marquez |first=Herón |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q1BW88v0_zMC&pg=PA47 |title=Latin Sensations |publisher=[[Twenty-First Century Books]] |year=2001 |isbn=9780822549932 |access-date=July 3, 2012}} * {{Cite book |last=Gallick |first=Sarah |url=https://archive.org/details/jlosecretsbehind00gall |title=J.Lo: The Secret Behind Jennifer Lopez's Rise to the Top |publisher=Ami Books |year=2003 |isbn=1-932270-07-8 |editor=[[National Enquirer]] |series=From the Files of the ''National Enquirer'' Series}} * {{cite book |last1=Negrón-Muntaner |first1=Frances |title=Boricua pop: Puerto Ricans and the latinization of American culture |date=2004 |publisher=New York Univ. Press |isbn=0814758185 |location=New York |author1-link=Frances Negrón-Muntaner}} * {{cite book |last1=Deanne |first1=Stacy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1ZGMcUEvkyEC |title=Alicia Keys, Ashanti, Beyoncé, Destiny's Child, Jennifer Lopez & Mya: Divas of the New Millennium |last2=Kenyatta |first2=Kelly |last3=Lowery |first3=Natasha |publisher=Amber Books Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=9780974977966 |editor-last=Sanders |editor-first=Kwynn}} * {{cite book |last1=Mendible |first1=Myra |title=[[From Bananas to Buttocks|From Bananas to Buttocks: The Latina Body in Popular Film and Culture]] |date=2007 |publisher=[[University of Texas Press]] |isbn=9780292714939}} * {{cite book |last=Redmond |first=Sean |title=Stardom and Celebrity: A Reader |publisher=SAGE |year=2007 |isbn=978-1446202388 |editor-last=Holmes |editor-first=Su |pages=282–283}} * {{cite book |last1=Bruns |first1=Roger |title=Icons of Latino America: Latino Contributions to American Culture, Volume 1 and 2 |date=August 30, 2008 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=9781573567961 |author1-link=Roger Bruns}} * {{cite book |last1=Tracy |first1=Kathleen A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIDDEAAAQBAJ |title=Jennifer Lopez: A Biography |date=September 30, 2008 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=9780313355165 |access-date=February 22, 2024}} * {{Cite book |last=Cottrell |first=Robert C. |title=Icons of American Popular Culture: From P. T. Barnum to Jennifer Lopez |publisher=[[M. E. Sharpe]] |year=2009 |isbn=9780765628350}} * {{cite book |last1=Parish |first1=James Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lh1Y2OK-VdsC |title=Jennifer Lopez |date=2009 |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |isbn=9781438111919 |location=New York |author1-link=James Robert Parish |access-date=February 22, 2024}} * {{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Sam G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9k3EEAAAQBAJ |title=Star Struck: An Encyclopedia of Celebrity Culture |date=2010 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=9780313358135 |access-date=February 24, 2024}} * {{Cite book |last=Ovalle |first=Priscilla Peña |title=Dance and the Hollywood Latina: Race, Sex, and Stardom |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0813548807}} * {{Cite book |last=Lopez |first=Jennifer |title=[[True Love (book)|True Love]] |publisher=Celebra |year=2014 |isbn=9780451468680}} * {{Cite book |last=Woog |first=Adam |title=The Great Hispanic Heritage Series: Jennifer Lopez, Updated Edition |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]] |year=2020 |isbn=9781438197999}} {{refend}} == Laman web ke bukai == * {{Official website|https://jenniferlopez.com|Jennifer Lopez}} – laman web rasi * {{Official website|https://www.jlobeauty.com/|JLo Beauty}} – laman web pemajik rasmi * {{AllMusic|artist|mn0000317865}} * {{Discogs artist}} * {{IMDb name|182}} * [https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/jennifer_lopez Jennifer Lopez] at Rotten Tomatoes [[Kategori:Penanyi indu Amerika kurun ke-21]] [[Kategori:Orang idup]] [[Kategori:Pengada 1969]] [[Kategori:Pengelulu indu Amerika kurun ke-21]] 95ogpc60d5wjie7icqtpknb4j89imy6