Wikipedia ibawiki https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambar_Keterubah MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter Media Spesyel Randau Penggena Randau penggena Wikipedia Randau Wikipedia Fail Randau fail MediaWiki Randau MediaWiki Templat Randau templat Bantu Randau bantu Kategori Randau kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modul Randau modul Acara Perbincangan acara 0 1475 18890 18509 2026-05-07T04:16:41Z Jang Edgar 20 18890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Israel | native_name = {{Native name|he|מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל}}<br/>{{Native name|ar|دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل}} | common_name = Israel | image_flag = Flag of Israel.svg | alt_flag = The flag of Israel – Star of David centred between two horizontal stripes of a Tallit (a Jewish prayer shawl) | image_coat = Emblem of Israel.svg | coa_size = 80 | alt_coat = Menorah surrounded by an olive branch on either side | symbol_type = Emblem | national_anthem = {{Lang|he|הַתִּקְוָה}} (''[[Hatikvah|Hatīkvāh]]''; "Pengadang"){{Parabr}}{{Center|[[Fail:Hatikvah instrumental.ogg]]}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[Fail:Israel (centered orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[Fail:Israel - Location Map (2012) - ISR - UNOCHA.svg|frameless]]|Map of Israel ([[Green Line (Israel)|Green Line]])}} | alt_map = Israel ti betul dipandangka ngena chura gadung chelum; Kandang menua ke dipegai Israel dipandangka ngena chura gadung terang | map_caption = Israel enggau garis entara menua ti dikelala entarabansa diayanka ngena gadung tuai; [[Kandang menua dipegai Israel]] diayanka ngena gadung terang | capital = [[Jerusalem]]<br />([[Status Jerusalem|kelala betaka]])<!-- DO NOT put this into a note, "(limited recognition)" is the parenthetical comment used per last RfC (see RfC link in the talk page's FAQ) -->{{Refn|group=fn|Recognition by other UN member states: Russia ([[West Jerusalem]]),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foreign Ministry statement regarding Palestinian-Israeli settlement |url=http://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2717182 |website=mid.ru |date=6 April 2017 |access-date=15 December 2018 |archive-date=4 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104201944/https://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/2717182 |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[Czech Republic]] ([[West Jerusalem]]),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Czech-Republic-announces-it-recognizes-West-Jerusalem-as-Israels-capital-517241|title=Czech Republic announces it recognizes West Jerusalem as Israel's capital|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=6 December 2017|access-date=6 December 2017|quote=The Czech Republic currently, before the peace between Israel and Palestine is signed, recognizes Jerusalem to be in fact the capital of Israel in the borders of the demarcation line from 1967." The Ministry also said that it would only consider relocating its embassy based on "results of negotiations.|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303093750/https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Czech-Republic-announces-it-recognizes-West-Jerusalem-as-Israels-capital-517241|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Honduras]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Honduras recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/honduras-recognizes-jerusalem-as-israels-capital/ |work=The Times of Israel |date=29 August 2019 |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203023556/https://www.timesofisrael.com/honduras-recognizes-jerusalem-as-israels-capital/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Guatemala]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2017/12/24/guatemala-se-suma-a-eeuu-y-tambien-trasladara-su-embajada-en-israel-a-jerusalen/|title=Guatemala se suma a EEUU y también trasladará su embajada en Israel a Jerusalén|trans-title=Guatemala joins US, will also move embassy to Jerusalem|website=Infobae|date=24 December 2017|language=es|access-date=25 December 2017|archive-date=17 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417074208/https://www.infobae.com/america/mundo/2017/12/24/guatemala-se-suma-a-eeuu-y-tambien-trasladara-su-embajada-en-israel-a-jerusalen/|url-status=live}} Guatemala's embassy was located in Jerusalem until the 1980s, when it was moved to Tel Aviv.</ref> [[Nauru]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Nauru recognizes J'lem as capital of Israel |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/268084 |work=Israel National News |date=29 August 2019 |language=en |access-date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=11 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611110231/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/268084 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-israel-capital.html|title=Trump Recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's Capital and Orders U.S. Embassy to Move|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=6 December 2017|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617225602/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/06/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-israel-capital.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}{{Refn|group=fn|Jerusalem is Israel's largest city if including [[East Jerusalem]], which is widely recognized as occupied territory.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Legal Status of East Jerusalem|publisher=[[Norwegian Refugee Council]]|date=December 2013|url=https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/the-legal-status-of-east-jerusalem.pdf|pages=8, 29|access-date=26 October 2021|archive-date=10 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510192041/https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/the-legal-status-of-east-jerusalem.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> If East Jerusalem is not counted, the largest city would be [[Tel Aviv]].}} | coordinates = {{Coord|31|47|N|35|13|E|region:IL-JM_type:city(880000)}} | largest_city = capital | languages_type = Jaku Rasmi | languages = [[Jaku Hebrew Moden|Hebrew]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitution for Israel |url=https://knesset.gov.il/constitution/ConstIntro_eng.htm |access-date=December 9, 2023 |website=knesset.gov.il. |archive-date=4 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804001041/https://knesset.gov.il/constitution/ConstIntro_eng.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> | languages2_type = Jaku dikelala | languages2 = [[Jaku Arab Standard Moden|Arab]]{{Refn|group=fn|Arabic has a "special status" as set by the [[Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People|Basic Law of 2018]], which allows it to be used by official institutions.<ref name=lang2>{{Cite news |title=Israel Passes 'National Home' Law, Drawing Ire of Arabs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/18/world/middleeast/israel-passes-national-home-law.html |url-access=subscription |work=The New York Times |date=19 July 2018 |language=en |access-date=19 July 2018 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107092323/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/18/world/middleeast/israel-passes-national-home-law.html%20 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=lang3>{{Cite news |last1=Lubell |first1=Maayan |title=Israel adopts divisive Jewish nation-state law |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-politics-law/israel-adopts-divisive-jewish-nation-state-law-idUSKBN1K901V |work=Reuters |date=19 July 2018 |access-date=19 July 2018 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224205808/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-politics-law/israel-adopts-divisive-jewish-nation-state-law-idUSKBN1K901V |url-status=live }}</ref> Prior to that law's passage, Arabic had been an official language alongside Hebrew.<ref name=lang1>{{Cite web |title=Arabic in Israel: an official language and a cultural bridge |url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/IsraelExperience/Culture/Pages/Arabic-in-Israel--an-official-language-and-a-cultural-bridge-18-December-2016.aspx |website=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |date=18 December 2016 |access-date=8 August 2018 |archive-date=2 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802014731/http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/IsraelExperience/Culture/Pages/Arabic-in-Israel--an-official-language-and-a-cultural-bridge-18-December-2016.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list|73% [[Orang Judah Israel|Judah]]|21% [[Peranak Arab Israel|Arab]]|6% [[Demografi Israel|ke bukai]]}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2023 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="population_stat2022"/> | religion = {{Ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |{{Tree list}} * 73% [[Pengarap Judah ba Israel|Judah]] ** 33% [[Hiloni]] ** 24% [[Masortim|Masorti]] ** 9% [[Pengarap Judah Ortodoks|Dati]] ** 7% [[Pengarap Judah Haredi|Haredi]] {{Tree list/end}} |18.1% [[Islam ba Israel|Islam]] |1.9% [[Kristian ba Israel|Kristian]] |1.6% [[Druze ba Israel|Druze]] |4.8% [[Pengarap ba Israel|others]] }} | religion_year = 2016 | religion_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel's Religiously Divided Society |work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |date=8 March 2016 |access-date=23 February 2020 |url= https://www.pewforum.org/2016/03/08/israels-religiously-divided-society/ }}</ref> | demonym = | government_type = [[Republik beparlimen beserakup]] | leader_title1 = [[Presiden Israel|Presiden]] | leader_name1 = [[Isaac Herzog]] | leader_title2 = [[Menteri Besai Israel|Menteri Besai]] | leader_name2 = [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] | leader_title3 = [[Rintai speaker Knesset|Speaker Knesset]] | leader_name3 = [[Amir Ohana]] | leader_title4 = [[Kort Besai Israel|Ketuai Pengelurus]] | leader_name4 = [[Uzi Vogelman]] (acting) | legislature = [[Knesset]] | sovereignty_type = Penumbuh | established_event1 = [[Penesau Meredeka Israel|Penesau meredeka]] | established_date1 = 14 Me 1948 | established_event2 = [[Israel and the United Nations|Admission to the United Nations]] | established_date2 = 11 Me 1949 | established_event3 = [[Ukum Pelasar Israel|Ukum Pelasar]] | established_date3 = 1958–2018 | area_km2 = 22,072 or 20,770<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/#geography|title=Israel|date=27 February 2023|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|via=CIA.gov|access-date=24 February 2023|archive-date=10 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110072816/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel#geography|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14628835 |website=BBC News |access-date=27 January 2021 |date=24 February 2020 |archive-date=24 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124133129/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14628835 |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_sq_mi = 8,470 | area_rank = 149th | area_footnote = {{Efn |20,770&nbsp;km² is Israel within the [[Green Line (Israel)|Green Line]]. 22,072&nbsp;km² includes the occupied [[Golan Heights]] (c. {{Convert|1,200|km2|abbr=on}}) and [[East Jerusalem]] (c. {{Convert|64|km2|abbr=on}}).}} | percent_water = 2.71<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surface water and surface water change |access-date=11 October 2020 |website=OECD.Stat |publisher=OECD |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |archive-date=24 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_estimate = 9,900,000<ref>{{Cite web |last=i24NEWS |date=2024-05-09 |title=Israel nears 10 million population milestone in time for 76th Independence Day |url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/society/artc-israel-nears-10-million-population-milestone-in-time-for-76th-independence-day |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=I24news |language=en |archive-date=9 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509110232/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/society/artc-israel-nears-10-million-population-milestone-in-time-for-76th-independence-day |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = {{CURRENTYEAR}} | population_estimate_rank = 93rd | population_census = 7,412,200<ref>{{Cite report |date=2008 |title=Population Census 2008 |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/mifkad/mifkad_2008/profiles/rep_e_000000.pdf |publisher=Israel Central Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 December 2016 |archive-date=10 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510192750/http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/mifkad/mifkad_2008/profiles/rep_e_000000.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=oecd group=fn/> | population_census_year = 2008 | population_density_km2 = {{Pop density|{{Data Israel|poptoday}}|22072|km2|prec=0|disp=num}} | population_density_rank = 29th | GDP_PPP = {{Increase}} $552.151 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.IL">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=436,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Israel) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=16 April 2024 |access-date=16 April 2024 |archive-date=16 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416192335/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=436,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{Increase}} $55,533<ref name="IMFWEO.IL" /> | GDP_PPP_year = 2024 | GDP_PPP_rank = 47th | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 29th | GDP_nominal = {{Increase}} $530.664 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.IL" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2024 | GDP_nominal_rank = 29th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{Increase}} $53,372<ref name="IMFWEO.IL" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 18th | Gini = 34.8 | Gini_ref = <ref name=oecd group=fn/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://data.oecd.org/chart/60V4 |title=Income inequality |website=OECD Data |publisher=OECD |access-date=29 June 2020 |archive-date=30 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630002540/https://data.oecd.org/chart/60V4 |url-status=live }}</ref> | Gini_year = 2018 | HDI_year = 2022<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI = 0.915 | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_rank = 25th | HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite report |url=https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2023-24 |title=Human Development Report 2023-24 |date=2024-03-13 |publisher=United Nations |language=en |access-date=13 March 2024 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318221638/https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2023-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> | currency = [[Shekel baru Israel|Shekel baru]] ({{Lang|he|₪}}) | currency_code = ILS | time_zone = [[Israel Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset = +2:00 | time_zone_DST = [[Israel Summer Time|IDT]] | utc_offset_DST = +3:00 | date_format = {{Unbulleted list|{{Lang|he|יי-חח-שששש}} ([[Anno Mundi|AM]])|dd-mm-yyyy ([[Common Era|CE]])}} | drives_on = right | cctld = [[.il|.il]] | iso3166code = IL | calling_code = +972 | footnotes = {{Notelist}} }} Israel ([[Jaku Hebrew]]: יִשְׂרָאֵל Yīsrāʾēl; [[Jaku Arab]]: إِسْرَائِيل ʾIsrāʾīl) is siti menua ba [[Asia Barat]]. Menua tu ngembuan aris enggau menua [[Lebanon]] ba utara, menua [[Siria]] ba timur laut, menua [[Jordan]] ba timur, enggau [[Tasik Mirah]] ba selatan, menua [[Ejip]] ba barat daya, enggau [[Tasik Mediterranean]] ba barat, enggau menua [[Palestin]] – the [[Tebing Barat]] ba begian timur enggau [[Jalur Gaza]] ba barat daya. ==Asal nama== Nama [[Tanah Israel]] sereta Purih Israel kelia dikena nujuka [[Perintah Israel (monarki beserakup)|Perintah Israel]] ti disebut dalam Bup Kudus sereta selampur [[bansa Judah]]. [[Israel (nama)|Nama ''Israel'']] (Hebrew: {{lang|he-Latn|Yīsrāʾēl}}; {{langx|grc|Ἰσραήλ}}, {{lang|grc-Latn|Israēl}}, "[[El (petara)|El (Petara)]] neruska/merintah") nujuka apai [[Jakop]] ti, nitihka [[Bup Kudus Hebrew]], diberi nama nya pengudah iya mujur [[Jakop begulat enggau melikat|begulat]] enggau [[Melikat Allah Taala]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |author=Geoffrey W. Bromiley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yklDk6Vv0l4C&pg=PA907 |title=Israel |encyclopedia=[[International Standard Bible Encyclopedia]]: E–J |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |date=1995 |page=907 | isbn=978-0-8028-3782-0 }}</ref> Artifak arkeologi ti pemadu tumu dikelala bisi nyebut leka jaku ''Israel'' nya [[Merneptah Stele]] ari [[Ejip kelia]] (diberi hari bulan ari pengujung kurun ke-13 SM).<ref>{{harvnb|Barton|Bowden|2004|p=126}}. "The Merneptah Stele ... is arguably the oldest evidence outside the Bible for the existence of Israel as early as the 13th century BCE."</ref><ref name="NollMerneptah">K.L. Noll, [https://books.google.com/books?id=hMeRK7B1EsMC&pg=PA139 ''Canaan and Israel in Antiquity: A Textbook on History and Religion,''] A&C Black, 2012, rev.ed. pp. 137ff.</ref><ref name="ThompsonMerneptah">[[Thomas L. Thompson]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=RwrrUuHFb6UC&pg=PA275 ''Early History of the Israelite People: From the Written & Archaeological Sources,''] Brill, 2000 pp. 275–276</ref>{{refn|group=fn |[[Israel (nama)|Nama orang "Israel"]] ayan tumu agi, ba kereban ari [[Ebla]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hasel |first=Michael G. |date=1 January 1994 |title=Israel in the Merneptah Stela |journal=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research |volume=296 |issue=296 |pages=45–61 |doi=10.2307/1357179 |jstor=1357179 |s2cid=164052192}}<br/>* {{Cite book |last=Bertman |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1C4NKp4zgIQC&q=ebla%20israel%20ishmael%20abraham&pg=PA317 |title=Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia |date=14 July 2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-518364-1}}<br/>* {{cite book |author1=Meindert Dijkstra |title=Between Evidence and Ideology Essays on the History of Ancient Israel read at the Joint Meeting of the Society for Old Testament Study and the Oud Testamentisch Werkgezelschap Lincoln Nebraska, July 2009 |date=2010 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-18737-5 |editor1-last=Becking |editor1-first=Bob |page=47 |chapter=Origins of Israel between history and ideology |quote=As a West Semitic personal name it existed long before it became a tribal or a geographical name. This is not without significance, though is it rarely mentioned. We learn of a maryanu named ysr"il (*Yi¡sr—a"ilu) from Ugarit living in the same period, but the name was already used a thousand years before in Ebla. The word Israel originated as a West Semitic personal name. One of the many names that developed into the name of the ancestor of a clan, of a tribe and finally of a people and a nation. |editor2-last=Grabbe |editor2-first=Lester}}</ref>}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lemche |first1=Niels Peter |year=1998 |title=The Israelites in History and Tradition |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |url={{Google books |JIoY7PagAOAC |page=PA35 |keywords= |text= |plainurl=yes}} |page=35|isbn=978-0-664-22727-2}}</ref> Baruh [[Mandat ungkup Palestin|Mandat British]] (1920–1948), selampur kandang menua nya dikelala enggau nama ''Palestin''.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3445003/mandatory-palestine/ |title=Mandatory Palestine: What It Was and Why It Matters |author=Noah Rayman |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=29 September 2014 |access-date=5 December 2015 |archive-date=18 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518140257/http://time.com/3445003/mandatory-palestine/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Avalon Project : The Palestine Mandate |url=https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/palmanda.asp |access-date=5 October 2025 |website=avalon.law.yale.edu}}</ref> Pengudah [[Penesau Meredeka Israel|penumbuh menua Israel ba taun 1948]], menua tu ngambi nama ''Menua Israel'' sechara formal ({{langx|he|מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל}}, {{Audio|He-Medinat Israel.ogg|{{transliteration|engvar=gb|he|''Medīnat Yisrā'el''}}|help=no}} {{IPA|he|mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel|}}; {{langx|ar|دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل}}, {{transliteration|engvar=gb|ar|ALA-LC|''Dawlat Isrāʼīl''}}, {{IPA|ar|dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl|}}) pengudah nama-nama disadang ke bukai nyengkaum ''[[Tanah Israel]]'' ({{lang|he-Latn|Eretz Israel}}), ''Ever'' (ari aki ini [[Eber]]), ''[[Zion]]'', enggau ''[[Judea]]'', mega kala disadang tang enda diterima.<ref>{{cite news |work=[[The Palestine Post]] |date=7 December 1947 |page=1 |title=Popular Opinion |url=http://www.jpress.org.il/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_TAUEN&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=PLS/1947/12/07&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00105&PageLabel=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815030044/http://www.jpress.org.il/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_TAUEN&Type=text%2Fhtml&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=PLS%2F1947%2F12%2F07&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00105&PageLabel=1 |archive-date=15 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.18254265 |title=Israel: The First Decade of Independence |date=1995 |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-2260-1}}</ref> Nama ''Israel'' disadang [[David Ben-Gurion]] lalu mujur nengah undi 6–3.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://info.jpost.com/1998/Supplements/Jubilee/2.html |title=One Day that Shook the world |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112220409/http://info.jpost.com/1998/Supplements/Jubilee/2.html |archive-date=12 January 2012 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |date=30 April 1998 |author=Elli Wohlgelernter }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Forman |first=Jacob |date=17 April 2023 |title=Jewish Word {{!}} Israel: What's in a Name? |url=https://momentmag.com/jewish-word-israel-whats-in-a-name/ |access-date=5 October 2025 |website=Moment Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Sejarah== {{Batang|Sejarah Israel}} ===Prasejarah=== [[Palan prasejarah Ubeidiya]] di utara Israel nunjukka [[Pengerembai tumu hominins ari Afrika|pemisi mensia kelia]] urung 1.5 juta taun ke udah.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Tchernov |first=Eitan |author-link=Eitan Tchernov |date=1988 |title=The Age of 'Ubeidiya Formation (Jordan Valley, Israel) and the Earliest Hominids in the Levant |journal=[[Paléorient]] |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=63–65 |doi=10.3406/paleo.1988.4455 }}</ref> Bukti kedua pemadu tuai [[mensia beanatomi moden]] [[Penatai baru-baru mensia moden ari Afrika|di luar Afrika]] nya fosil 200,000 taun ari [[Gua Misliya]] di Bukit Carmel.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wade |first=Lizzie |date=10 July 2019 |title=Skull fragment from Greek cave suggests modern humans were in Europe more than 200,000 years ago |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/skull-fragment-greek-cave-suggests-modern-humans-were-europe-more-200000-years-ago |journal=[[Science (jurnal)|Science]] |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science |doi=10.1126/science.aay6927 |access-date=21 April 2025}}</ref> [[Budaya Natufia]] ({{circa}} 10,000 SM) engka bekaul enggau [[jaku Proto-Afroasiatik]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Winfried Nöth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y4_It_sAuMYC&pg=PA293 |title=Origins of Semiosis: Sign Evolution in Nature and Culture |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=1994 |isbn=978-3-11-087750-2 |page=293}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Roger Blench, Matthew Spriggs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NUvnqjutFmoC&pg=PT70 |title=Archaeology and Language IV: Language Change and Cultural Transformation |publisher=Routledge |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-134-81623-1 |page=70}}</ref> lalu tebilang ketegal ngentapka pendiau diri ba siti-siti endur sebedau [[Asal pengawa betanam betupi ba Asia Barat|pemungkal pengawa betanam betupi]] sereta [[Revolusyen Neolitik]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hershkovitz |first1=Israel |author-link1=Israel Hershkovitz |last2=Gopher |first2=Avi |author-link2=Avi Gopher |date=30 September 2008 |chapter=Demographic, Biological and Cultural Aspects of the Neolithic Revolution: A View from the Southern Levant |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225258426 |title=The Neolithic Demographic Transition and its Consequences |location= |editor-last1=Bocquet-Appel |editor-first1=Jean-Pierre |editor-last2=Bar-Yosef |editor-first2=Ofer |editor-link2=Ofer Bar-Yosef |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media |page=465 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-8539-0_17 |isbn= 978-1-4020-8538-3|access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref> == Nota == <references group="fn" /> == Kereban sanding == <references /> [[Kategori:Menua ba Asia]] k9edguylh1x2wfnsqod3y6yr8bwpd5g 3 3038 18887 18811 2026-05-06T21:55:33Z Eurohunter 109 /* Iban */ + 18887 wikitext text/x-wiki == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 14:24, 26 Januari 2025 (+08) </div> <!-- Pesanan dihantar oleh Pengguna:Doc James@metawiki yang menggunakan senarai di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Invitation to connect with fellow contributors from language onboarding experiment == Hello, Hope this message finds you well! I would like to invite you to a community conversation to connect with fellow contributors from pilot wikis (Southern Ndebele, Tai Nüa, Iban, Obolo, Pannonian Rusyn) that graduated through a [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/31/wikipedia-goes-live-for-five-languages-through-the-future-of-language-incubation-initiative/ Language Onboarding Experiment] last year. In this conversation, we plan to facilitate sharing learnings, discussing technical needs post-graduation, and collaborating on solving challenges faced by the pilot wikis. We spoke with a few contributors from these wikis back in December, and their valuable input on contributions has given us some perspectives on what to investigate next. A report will soon be published on those learnings. We hope that this meeting will not only be a great opportunity for us to come together and learn from each other but also allow us to use your valuable input to shape our plans for the coming year! If you can attend the call, please sign up here, and I will share more details later: * [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Community_conversations_2024-25#5_April_2025_01:00_UTC 5 April 2025, 01:00 UTC] * [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Community_conversations_2024-25#4_April_2025_15:00_UTC 4 April 2025, 15:00 UTC] Looking forward to your participation! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)]] via [[Penggena:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Randau penggena:MediaWiki message delivery|randau]]) 02:52, 28 Mac 2025 (+08) <!-- Pesanan dihantar oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki yang menggunakan senarai di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SSethi_(WMF)/MassMessageList&oldid=28454981 --> :Hi, I have put my name on 5 April, 01:00 UTC session. Thanks for the invitation :) [[Penggena:Song GK|Song GK]] ([[Randau penggena:Song GK|randau]]) 10:19, 29 Mac 2025 (+08) : Hi! Thanks for signing up! You can find the meeting link [[mediawikiwiki:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Community_conversations_2024-25#5_April_2025_01:00_UTC|here]]. Looking forward to meeting you on Friday :) :: Hi! As we discussed, let's schedule another time for a call? How about meeting next Friday around same time? [[Penggena:SSethi (WMF)|SSethi (WMF)]] ([[Randau penggena:SSethi (WMF)|randau]]) 09:18, 5 April 2025 (+08) ::Sure. Looking forward to meet you in the future. And sorry for any inconveniences. [[Penggena:Song GK|Song GK]] ([[Randau penggena:Song GK|randau]]) 09:38, 5 April 2025 (+08) :::I have created new invitations. Please see:[[mediawikiwiki:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Community_conversations_2024-25|Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Community_conversations_2024-25]]. Hope you can attend this time around :) [[Penggena:SSethi (WMF)|SSethi (WMF)]] ([[Randau penggena:SSethi (WMF)|randau]]) 02:58, 8 April 2025 (+08) == Notice of expiration of your sysop right == <div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "sysop" (Pengatur) will expire on 2025-10-28 18:29:30. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[Penggena:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[Randau penggena:Leaderbot|randau]]) 03:42, 22 Oktober 2025 (+08)</div> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:33, 29 April 2026 (+08) </div> <!-- Pesanan dihantar oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki yang menggunakan senarai di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471754 --> == Iban == Hello. I'm looking for translation of Indonesian "album studio Basshunter", "lagu Käärijä dan Basshunter", "singel Käärijä dan Basshunter" to Iban for Wikidata items. I also need Malaysian for "lagu Käärijä dan Basshunter". Would you help? [[Penggena:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Randau penggena:Eurohunter|randau]]) 03:46, 1 Me 2026 (+08) :Sure. Here are the translations: :Iban: :album studio Basshunter - (it's just the same in Iban) :lagu Käärijä dan Basshunter - lagu Käärijä enggau Basshunter :singel Käärijä dan Basshunter - single Käärijä enggau Basshunter :For the Malay translation, they are just the same as it is in Indonesian. [[Penggena:Song GK|Song GK]] ([[Randau penggena:Song GK|randau]]) 09:52, 1 Me 2026 (+08) :: Big thanks. Can I add "enggau" for {{Q|12364761}}? [[Penggena:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Randau penggena:Eurohunter|randau]]) 13:13, 1 Me 2026 (+08) :::Yes [[Penggena:Song GK|Song GK]] ([[Randau penggena:Song GK|randau]]) 18:17, 1 Me 2026 (+08) :::: Done. [[Penggena:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Randau penggena:Eurohunter|randau]]) 18:28, 1 Me 2026 (+08) ::::: Would you help yet with: : "compilation album by Basshunter" in Iban + Malaysian : "promotional single by Basshunter" in Iban + Malaysian : "video muzik Basshunter" in Iban (I assume "video muzik Basshunter" is correct in Malaysian?) : "lyric video by Basshunter" in Iban + Malaysian :: [[Penggena:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Randau penggena:Eurohunter|randau]]) 05:55, 7 Me 2026 (+08) qxzr4xqi2jrtxivpkyuoed00uk1pbkc 18888 18887 2026-05-07T00:07:40Z Song GK 9 /* Iban */ Saut 18888 wikitext text/x-wiki == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 14:24, 26 Januari 2025 (+08) </div> <!-- Pesanan dihantar oleh Pengguna:Doc James@metawiki yang menggunakan senarai di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Invitation to connect with fellow contributors from language onboarding experiment == Hello, Hope this message finds you well! I would like to invite you to a community conversation to connect with fellow contributors from pilot wikis (Southern Ndebele, Tai Nüa, Iban, Obolo, Pannonian Rusyn) that graduated through a [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/31/wikipedia-goes-live-for-five-languages-through-the-future-of-language-incubation-initiative/ Language Onboarding Experiment] last year. In this conversation, we plan to facilitate sharing learnings, discussing technical needs post-graduation, and collaborating on solving challenges faced by the pilot wikis. We spoke with a few contributors from these wikis back in December, and their valuable input on contributions has given us some perspectives on what to investigate next. A report will soon be published on those learnings. We hope that this meeting will not only be a great opportunity for us to come together and learn from each other but also allow us to use your valuable input to shape our plans for the coming year! If you can attend the call, please sign up here, and I will share more details later: * [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Community_conversations_2024-25#5_April_2025_01:00_UTC 5 April 2025, 01:00 UTC] * [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Community_conversations_2024-25#4_April_2025_15:00_UTC 4 April 2025, 15:00 UTC] Looking forward to your participation! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)]] via [[Penggena:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Randau penggena:MediaWiki message delivery|randau]]) 02:52, 28 Mac 2025 (+08) <!-- Pesanan dihantar oleh Pengguna:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki yang menggunakan senarai di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SSethi_(WMF)/MassMessageList&oldid=28454981 --> :Hi, I have put my name on 5 April, 01:00 UTC session. Thanks for the invitation :) [[Penggena:Song GK|Song GK]] ([[Randau penggena:Song GK|randau]]) 10:19, 29 Mac 2025 (+08) : Hi! Thanks for signing up! You can find the meeting link [[mediawikiwiki:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Community_conversations_2024-25#5_April_2025_01:00_UTC|here]]. Looking forward to meeting you on Friday :) :: Hi! As we discussed, let's schedule another time for a call? How about meeting next Friday around same time? [[Penggena:SSethi (WMF)|SSethi (WMF)]] ([[Randau penggena:SSethi (WMF)|randau]]) 09:18, 5 April 2025 (+08) ::Sure. Looking forward to meet you in the future. And sorry for any inconveniences. [[Penggena:Song GK|Song GK]] ([[Randau penggena:Song GK|randau]]) 09:38, 5 April 2025 (+08) :::I have created new invitations. Please see:[[mediawikiwiki:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Community_conversations_2024-25|Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Community_conversations_2024-25]]. Hope you can attend this time around :) [[Penggena:SSethi (WMF)|SSethi (WMF)]] ([[Randau penggena:SSethi (WMF)|randau]]) 02:58, 8 April 2025 (+08) == Notice of expiration of your sysop right == <div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "sysop" (Pengatur) will expire on 2025-10-28 18:29:30. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[Penggena:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[Randau penggena:Leaderbot|randau]]) 03:42, 22 Oktober 2025 (+08)</div> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:33, 29 April 2026 (+08) </div> <!-- Pesanan dihantar oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki yang menggunakan senarai di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471754 --> == Iban == Hello. I'm looking for translation of Indonesian "album studio Basshunter", "lagu Käärijä dan Basshunter", "singel Käärijä dan Basshunter" to Iban for Wikidata items. I also need Malaysian for "lagu Käärijä dan Basshunter". Would you help? [[Penggena:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Randau penggena:Eurohunter|randau]]) 03:46, 1 Me 2026 (+08) :Sure. Here are the translations: :Iban: :album studio Basshunter - (it's just the same in Iban) :lagu Käärijä dan Basshunter - lagu Käärijä enggau Basshunter :singel Käärijä dan Basshunter - single Käärijä enggau Basshunter :For the Malay translation, they are just the same as it is in Indonesian. [[Penggena:Song GK|Song GK]] ([[Randau penggena:Song GK|randau]]) 09:52, 1 Me 2026 (+08) :: Big thanks. Can I add "enggau" for {{Q|12364761}}? [[Penggena:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Randau penggena:Eurohunter|randau]]) 13:13, 1 Me 2026 (+08) :::Yes [[Penggena:Song GK|Song GK]] ([[Randau penggena:Song GK|randau]]) 18:17, 1 Me 2026 (+08) :::: Done. [[Penggena:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Randau penggena:Eurohunter|randau]]) 18:28, 1 Me 2026 (+08) ::::: Would you help yet with: : "compilation album by Basshunter" in Iban + Malaysian : "promotional single by Basshunter" in Iban + Malaysian : "video muzik Basshunter" in Iban (I assume "video muzik Basshunter" is correct in Malaysian?) : "lyric video by Basshunter" in Iban + Malaysian :: [[Penggena:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Randau penggena:Eurohunter|randau]]) 05:55, 7 Me 2026 (+08) :::Compilation album: :::Iban - album tusun :::Malay - album himpunan :::Promotional single: :::Iban - single promosyen :::Malay - single promosi :::Video muzik Basshunter (is correct in Malay) :::Video musik Basshunter (Iban) :::Lyric video by Basshunter: :::Iban - Video leka lagu ari Basshunter :::Malay - Video lirik dari Basshunter [[Penggena:Song GK|Song GK]] ([[Randau penggena:Song GK|randau]]) 08:07, 7 Me 2026 (+08) pzxthra31o4pbqujdjyu8ysq18dqo9j 0 6526 18889 2026-05-07T00:30:28Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox recurring event | name = Pengerami Bup Antarabansa Kuala Lumpur | native_name = Pesta Buku Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur | logo = | image = PBAKL 2022 3.jpg | caption = Penemuai Pengerami Bup Antarabansa Kuala Lumpur 2022 ti diatur ba [[Palan Dagang Dunya Kuala Lumpur]] | status = Aktif | frequency = Ninting taun, suah ba Me tauka Jun | venue = | locati...' 18889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event | name = Pengerami Bup Antarabansa Kuala Lumpur | native_name = Pesta Buku Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur | logo = | image = PBAKL 2022 3.jpg | caption = Penemuai Pengerami Bup Antarabansa Kuala Lumpur 2022 ti diatur ba [[Palan Dagang Dunya Kuala Lumpur]] | status = Aktif | frequency = Ninting taun, suah ba Me tauka Jun | venue = | location = [[Palan Dagang Dunya Kuala Lumpur]] (1991–2015, 2017–present)<br>[[Taman Ekspo Pengawa Betanam Betupi Malaysia Serdang]] (2016) | first = 1981 | attendance = | organizer = Majlis Buku Kebangsaan Malaysia | website = {{URL|https://klibf.my}} }} '''Pengerami Bup Antarabansa Kuala Lumpur''' ('''PBAKL'''; {{langx|ms|Pesta Buku Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur}}) nya [[pengerami bup]] ninting taun ti diatur di Malaysia kenyau taun 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 Jun 2022 |title=PBAKL: Pesta buku antarabangsa atau Melayu-Islam? |url=https://www.malaysianow.com/my/news/2022/06/14/pbakl-pesta-buku-antarabangsa-atau-melayu-islam |url-status= |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=Malaysia Now}}</ref> Keterubah iya diatur ba endur-endur ti enda tetap nyentuk ke [[Palan Dagang Dunya Kuala Lumpur]] nyadi palan rasmi pengerami tu. Pengerami tu dikepunka [[Menteri Pelajar (Malaysia)|Menteri Pelajar Malaysia]] nengah Majlis Buku Kebangsaan Malaysia ({{Literal translation|Kunsil Bup Nasional Malaysia}}) enggau sukung ari bisnis lokal. == Sejarah == Pengudah taun 1972 ditukuka [[UNESCO]] nyadi [[Taun Bup Entarabansa]], beleman pemandang litericha diatur pengeluar bup kena ngangkatka pengawa macha. Di Malaysia, pemandang beskala mit digaga kompeni pengeluar bup sechara individual ti betabur ba serata dunya nyentuk ke taun 1975.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2006 |title=25 tahun pesta buku KL |url=https://pts.com.my/berita/25-tahun-pesta-buku-kl |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=PTS}}</ref> Maya taun 1976, Gerempung Pengeluar Bup Malaysia (MABOPA) meri perambu ngaga pengawa pemandang ti bepusat ungkup semua pengeluar bup di Malaysia dikena ngangkatka pemasar. "Pemandang Bup Nasional" baka ke dikumbai kelia udah nya diatur di Gempuru China Kuala Lumpur.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=16 November 2019 |title=Ulat Buku Perlu Tahu, Ini Sejarah Pesta Buku Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur |url=https://siakapkeli.my/2019/11/16/ulat-buku-perlu-tahu-ini-sejarah-pesta-buku-antarabangsa-kuala-lumpur/ |url-status= |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=Siakap Keli}}</ref> Pengerami tu udah nya dikumbai "Pengerami Bup Malaysia" ba taun 1982, lalu dikelanchar enggau rasmi ba Dewan Tunku Canselor, [[Universiti Malaya]]. Pengudah nya, palan pengerami tu udah diubah ngagai Changkat Pavilion, [[Kuala Lumpur]] ba taun 1988.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=16 November 2019 |title=Ulat Buku Perlu Tahu, Ini Sejarah Pesta Buku Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur |url=https://siakapkeli.my/2019/11/16/ulat-buku-perlu-tahu-ini-sejarah-pesta-buku-antarabangsa-kuala-lumpur/ |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=Siakap Keli}}</ref> Ba taun 1991, pengerami tu udah diubah endur nyadi [[Palan Dagang Dunya Kuala Lumpur]] lalu udah nya diubah nama nyadi "Pengerami Bup Antarabansa Kuala Lumpur" ngambika ulih nampung pengawa pengeluar entarabansa dalam mekal bup ungkup pengawa nya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Sejarah Pesta Buku Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur (PBAKL) |url=https://mukasurat.my/www/my-app/sejarah-pesta-buku-antarabangsa-kuala-lumpur-pbakl/ |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=Muka Surat |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429140400/https://mukasurat.my/www/my-app/sejarah-pesta-buku-antarabangsa-kuala-lumpur-pbakl/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pengerami tu udah diatur dia kenyau ari nya, kelimpah ari taun 2016 ke alai pengawa nya diatur ba [[Taman Ekspo Pengawa Betanam Betupi Malaysia]] (MAEPS).<ref name="auto"/> Pekara tu dikritik pengatur pengawa ketegal endur iya ngembuan akses ti enda manah ba perengka pengangkut sereta nadai perengka guna mensia mayuh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2016 |title=Penganjur PBAKL 2016 perlu bermuhasabah |url=https://www.bharian.com.my/bhplus-old/2016/05/156128/penganjur-pbakl-2016-perlu-bermuhasabah |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=BH}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title="Kenapa tak buat kat KL?" – MAEPS Serdang Dipilih Lokasi PBAKL 2020, Netizen Pakat Bantah |url=https://lobakmerah.com/kenapa-tak-buat-kat-kl-maeps-serdang-dipilih-lokasi-pbakl-2020-netizen-pakat-bantah/ |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=Lobak Merah}}</ref> Penyampau penemuai ngagai PBAKL manggai ba tikas pemadu tinggi iya nya 2.4 juta iku ba taun 2014,<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2015 |title=PBAKL perlu pelbagaikan aktiviti pikat cita rasa peminat buku |url=https://www.bharian.com.my/kolumnis/2015/05/53598/pbakl-perlu-pelbagaikan-aktiviti-pikat-cita-rasa-peminat-buku |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=BH}}</ref> lalu dalam beberapa taun ke udah pemadu mimit 1 juta iku penemuai ngambi bagi ba pengawa tu ninting taun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Azman |first=Fareez |date=12 June 2022 |title=PBAKL 2022: 1.24 juta pengunjung dicatatkan dalam tempoh 10 hari |url=https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/pbakl-2022-124-juta-pengunjung-dicatatkan-dalam-tempoh-10-hari-365927 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529072416/https://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/pbakl-2022-124-juta-pengunjung-dicatatkan-dalam-tempoh-10-hari-365927 |archive-date=29 May 2023 |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Astro Awani}}</ref> === 2020-an === PBAKL enda diatur kena taun 2020 enggau 2021 ketegal [[pandemik COVID-19]]. Ba taun 2022, enda kurang ari 1.36 juta penemuai ngambi bagi ba pengerami tu, ngelui ari ti diadang dulu agi ari nya iya nya 700,000 iku penemuai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmad Suhael Adnan |date=12 Jun 2022 |title=PBAKL terima lebih 1.3 juta pengunjung |url=https://www.bharian.com.my/amp/berita/nasional/2022/06/965291/pbakl-terima-lebih-13-juta-pengunjung |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Berita Harian}}</ref> Pengawa ke-40 tu diatur berengkah ari 26 Me nyentuk 3 Jun 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Majlis Buku Kebangsaan Malaysia (MBKM) |date=29 May 2023 |title=The official page of KLIBF |url=https://klibf.my/v2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529073522/https://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://klibf.my/v2/ |archive-date=29 May 2023 |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Kuala Lumpur International Book Fair}}</ref> lalu dikelanchar enggau penatai menteri besai [[Anwar Ibrahim]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=27 May 2023 |title=PM Anwar urges younger generation to save the country with knowledge, reading culture |url=https://selangorjournal.my/2023/05/pm-anwar-urges-younger-generation-to-save-the-country-with-knowledge-reading-culture/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529075744/https://web.archive.org/screenshot/https://selangorjournal.my/2023/05/pm-anwar-urges-younger-generation-to-save-the-country-with-knowledge-reading-culture/ |archive-date=29 May 2023 |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Selangor Journal}}</ref> [[TikTok]] diripotka udah bejalaika tanggungpengawa ti beguna dalam ngelakuka palan nya ngagai rebak baru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Latifah Arifin |date=28 May 2023 |title=PBAKL 2023 dapat sambutan luar biasa |url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2023/05/1107092/pbakl-2023-dapat-sambutan-luar-biasa |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Berita Harian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Latifah Arifin |title=PBAKL tampil negara, negeri dan kementerian tamu |url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2023/05/1098535/pbakl-tampil-negara-negeri-dan-kementerian-tamu |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Berita Harian}}</ref> Bemacham kompeni pengeluar bup baka [[Oxford University Press]], [[Elsevier]], [[Wiley (pengeluar)|John Wiley]] mega ngambi bagi ba pengerami tu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Majlis Buku Kebangsaan Malaysia (MBKM) |date=29 May 2023 |title=International Exhibitors |url=https://klibf.my/v2/international-exhibitors/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529074413/https://klibf.my/v2/international-exhibitors/ |archive-date=29 May 2023 |access-date=29 May 2023 |website=Kuala Lumpur International Book Fair}}</ref> == Kereban sanding == {{Reflist}} == Laman web ke bukai == * {{Official website|www.klibf.my}} * {{Commons-inline}} p993ux6xr08rnu4297tylbfhrxifi8t