Eyqa Saiful

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    <title>Eyqa Saiful</title>
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| name               = Eyqa Saiful
| birth_place        = [[Kuching]], [[Sarawak]]
| birth_name         = Saifeeqa Saiful
| birth_date         = {{Birth year and age|1999}}
| years_active       = 2017 - diatu
| module             = 
| label = [[Kaban Music Production]], Aka Dambai Production
}}

'''Eyqa Saiful''' (nama ada: '''Saifeeqa Saiful''')&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Dulu Asyik Top 3, Semalam Eyqa Saiful Tersingkir Dari Konsert Suku Akhir TVSTARZ|url=https://www.tvsarawak.my/2021/06/02/dulu-asyik-top-3-semalam-eyqa-saiful-tersingkir-dari-konsert-suku-akhir-tvstarz/|work=[[TVS (saluran TV Malaysia)|TVS]]|date=2 Jun 2021|lang=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; nya siku artis ke ulih benyanyi dalam [[jaku Iban]] enggau [[jaku Bidayuh]]. Iya peranak pegulai [[Melayu]]-[[Bidayuh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Eyqa Berhasrat Perluaskan Muzik Dayak ke Seluruh Malaysia|url=https://dayakdaily.com/eyqa-berhasrat-perluas-muzik-dayak-ke-seluruh-malaysia/|work=Dayak Daily|date=16 Me 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Entara lagu iya ke tebilang ia nya Selimpir Pengerindu Dibelah Dua, Empleman, Pingabis Rindu enggau Jamah Belubah. Nengah lagu Selimpir Pengerindu Dibelah Dua, Eyqa mujur dipadu nyadi champion ACSJ 2023 sereta mai pulai perais mata duit RM10,000 enggau trofi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://suarasarawak.my/lagu-selimpir-pengerindu-dibelah-dua-mai-tuah-ngagai-eyqa-saiful/ Lagu Selimpir Pengerindu Dibelah Dua mai tuah ngagai Eyqa Saiful] 19 November 2023 &lt;/ref&gt;

== Kereban sanding ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Pengada 1999]]
[[Kategori:Orang idup]]
[[Kategori:Penanyi indu Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Orang Malaysia bepeturun Melayu]]
[[Kategori:Orang Malaysia bepeturun Bidayuh]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2141" sha1="6c6n77wtdnqf7dtges7pw9q02mszhck" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name               = Eyqa Saiful
| birth_place        = [[Kuching]], [[Sarawak]]
| birth_name         = Saifeeqa Saiful
| birth_date         = {{Birth year and age|1999}}
| years_active       = 2017 - diatu
| module             = 
| label = [[Kaban Music Production]], Aka Dambai Production
}}

'''Eyqa Saiful''' (nama ada: '''Saifeeqa Saiful''')&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Dulu Asyik Top 3, Semalam Eyqa Saiful Tersingkir Dari Konsert Suku Akhir TVSTARZ|url=https://www.tvsarawak.my/2021/06/02/dulu-asyik-top-3-semalam-eyqa-saiful-tersingkir-dari-konsert-suku-akhir-tvstarz/|work=[[TVS (saluran TV Malaysia)|TVS]]|date=2 Jun 2021|lang=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; nya siku artis ke ulih benyanyi dalam [[jaku Iban]] enggau [[jaku Bidayuh]]. Iya peranak pegulai [[Melayu]]-[[Bidayuh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Eyqa Berhasrat Perluaskan Muzik Dayak ke Seluruh Malaysia|url=https://dayakdaily.com/eyqa-berhasrat-perluas-muzik-dayak-ke-seluruh-malaysia/|work=Dayak Daily|date=16 Me 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Entara lagu iya ke tebilang ia nya Selimpir Pengerindu Dibelah Dua, Empleman, Pingabis Rindu enggau Jamah Belubah. Nengah lagu Selimpir Pengerindu Dibelah Dua, Eyqa mujur dipadu nyadi champion ACSJ 2023 sereta mai pulai perais mata duit RM10,000 enggau trofi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://suarasarawak.my/lagu-selimpir-pengerindu-dibelah-dua-mai-tuah-ngagai-eyqa-saiful/ Lagu Selimpir Pengerindu Dibelah Dua mai tuah ngagai Eyqa Saiful] 19 November 2023 &lt;/ref&gt;

== Pengawa ==
Eyqa berengkah pengawa iya dalam industri musik Iban lebuh iya beumur 17 taun. Iya dibai dua iku penengkebang lagu iya nya Jesley Jabu enggau Matthius Mambang ngagai industri nya ketegal siku ari sida kala nyadi juri lebuh iya nyeretai pekit karaoke.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-18-rRtrq0 |title=
Pemerindang Borneo Eyqa Saiful |date=31 Julai 2022|publisher=[[TVS (saluran TV Malaysia)]] |medium=YouTube video |access-date=2026-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kereban sanding ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Pengada 1999]]
[[Kategori:Orang idup]]
[[Kategori:Penanyi indu Malaysia]]
[[Kategori:Orang Malaysia bepeturun Melayu]]
[[Kategori:Orang Malaysia bepeturun Bidayuh]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Symbolab</title>
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      <text bytes="3926" sha1="sc1ef0rs7q8sx1cg0y4yytej1k10as2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox website|logo=Symbolab logo.png|url={{URL|https://www.symbolab.com/}}|commercial=Yes|type=[[Question answering|Answer engine]]|language_count=9&lt;!-- As of November 2022: English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Russian, Chinese, Vietnamese, Hebrew, Arabic --&gt;|registration=Optional|country_of_origin=[[Israel]]|owner=[[Course Hero]]|name=Symbolab|launch_date=2011|current_status=Active|location_city=[[Redwood City, California]]|country=United States}}

'''Symbolab''' nya siti injin saut&lt;ref name=&quot;allmyfavessource&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Symbolab Math Solver: Step By Step Calculator|author=Will Hagle|publisher=All My Faves|date=December 22, 2014|url=http://blog.allmyfaves.com/education/symbolab-math-solver-step-by-step-calculator/|access-date=2015-11-29}} &lt;/ref&gt; ti nyendiaka chara mutarka penanggul matematik dalam mayuh macham subjek.&lt;ref name=&quot;apk4fun&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Symbolab 2.0 APK for Android|publisher=APK4Fun|date=September 1, 2015|access-date=2015-11-29|url=http://www.apk4fun.com/apps/com.devsense.symbolab/}} &lt;/ref&gt; Asal iya dikemansangka kompeni pemungkal Israel ke benama EqsQuest Ltd., ke alai iya dikeluarka ungkup guna rama dalam taun 2011. Dalam taun 2020, kompeni nya dibeli laman web teknologi pelajar Amerika Course Hero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mascarenhas|first=Natasha|date=2020-10-27|title=Course Hero buys Symbolab in a rare edtech acquisition|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/10/27/course-hero-symbolab-makes-a-rare-edtech-acquisition/|access-date=2022-11-30|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite press release|last=Hero|first=Course|title=Course Hero Acquires Pioneering Developer of AI for Mathematics Education, Symbolab|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/course-hero-acquires-pioneering-developer-of-ai-for-mathematics-education-symbolab-301160236.html|access-date=2022-11-30|website=www.prnewswire.com|language=en}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Sejarah ==
Ba ujung taun 2011, Symbolab dikeluarka orang dagang Israel Michal Avny (CEO), Adam Arnon (Ketuai Saintis), enggau Lev Alyshayev (CTO) nyadi siti injin pengiga semantik matematik.&lt;ref name=&quot;thenextweb&quot;&gt;{{cite news|author=Shira Abel|date=October 8, 2012|title=The guys from The Big Bang Theory will love mathematical search engine Symbolab|publisher=The Next Web|url=https://thenextweb.com/insider/2012/10/08/the-guys-from-the-big-bang-theory-will-love-mathematical-search-engine-symbolab/|access-date=2015-11-29}} &lt;/ref&gt; Keterubah iya, iya ulih nerangka penyama tauka penanggul simbolik ti dipasukka pengena lalu ngiga chara mutarka iya enti bisi. Udah nya, pengulih ngayanka semua singkang rapat ti nerangka pengira nya ditambahka.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mindcet.org/en/ges-2014-symbolab-takes-the-hassle-out-of-the-equation/ Symbolab takes the hassle out of the equation] &lt;/ref&gt;

Pemerat kompeni nya berinsur ngelayang nuju fokus nyendiaka chara mutarka penanggul bersingkang matematik ba renggat sekondari enggau pasca sekondari. Symbolab bepanggai ba algoritma belajar mesin ungkup kededua aspek pengiga enggau pemutar injin.&lt;ref name=&quot;mindcet&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=GES 2014: Symbolab takes the hassle out of the equation|author=Gilad Nass|publisher=MindCet|date=August 20, 2014|url=http://www.mindcet.org/en/ges-2014-symbolab-takes-the-hassle-out-of-the-equation/|access-date=2015-11-29}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Pengulih ba taun 2020 ==
Kena bulan Oktober 2020, Course Hero ti bepalan ba [[California]] ngulihka EqsQuest Ltd sereta injin Symbolab enggau penyampau ke enda dipadah. Bala pengereja pengawa ke suba, semua sida bepalan ba Tel Aviv, nyeretai tim Course Hero nyadi sebagi ari pengawa ngulihka nya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Solomon|first=Shoshanna|title=US firm Course Hero buys Tel Aviv-based online math teacher Symbolab|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-firm-course-hero-buys-tel-aviv-based-online-math-teacher-symbolab/|access-date=2022-11-30|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kereban sanding ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Pol Pot</title>
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      <text bytes="19880" sha1="trc3wshsrtddvuqbslq8kccjupns8ok" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Pol Pot
| native_name         = {{nobold|ប៉ុល ពត}}
| image               =
| caption             = 
| office              = [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea]]
| deputy              = [[Nuon Chea]]
| term_start          = 22 February 1963
| term_end            = 6 December 1981
| predecessor         = [[Tou Samouth]] (1962)
| successor           = ''Position abolished'' (party dissolved)
| office2             = [[List of prime ministers of Cambodia|Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea]]
| deputy2             = {{ubl|[[Ieng Sary]]|[[Son Sen]]|[[Vorn Vet]]}}
| president2          = [[Khieu Samphan]]
| termstart2          = 25 October 1976
| termend2            = 7 January 1979
| predecessor2        = [[Khieu Samphan]] (acting)
| successor2          = [[Nuon Chea]] (1981)
| birth_name          = Saloth Sâr
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1925|5|25|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Prek Sbauv]], [[Kampong Thom Province]], [[French protectorate of Cambodia|Cambodia]], [[French Indochina]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1998|4|15|1925|5|19|df=y}}
| death_place         = Choam, {{ill|Trapeang Prei|km|ឃុំត្រពាំងប្រីយ៍}}, [[Anlong Veng District|Anlong Veng]], [[Oddar Meanchey Province|Oddar Meanchey]], [[Khmer Rouge unrecognized government (1994–1998)|Cambodia]]&lt;br&gt;{{coord|14.353862|N|104.121282|E}}
| resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|14.342910|N|104.057948|E}}
| education           = [[EFREI]] (no degree)
| resting_place       = Choam, {{ill|Trapeang Prei|km|ឃុំត្រពាំងប្រីយ៍}}, Anlong Veng, Oddar Meanchey, Cambodia
| spouse              = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|[[Khieu Ponnary]]|1956|1979|end=divorced}}
*{{marriage|Mea Son|1986}}
}}
| children            = Sar Patchata&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/pol-pot%E2%80%99s-daughter-weds|title=Pol Pot's daughter weds|work=[[The Phnom Penh Post]]|date=17 March 2014|access-date=29 June 2014|archive-date=10 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810083417/http://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/pol-pot%E2%80%99s-daughter-weds|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| party               = {{ubl|[[Party of Democratic Kampuchea]] (1981–1993)|[[Communist Party of Kampuchea]] (1960–1981)}}
| otherparty          = [[French Communist Party]] (1950s)
| signature           = Pol Pot signature.svg
| serviceyears        = 1963–1997
| allegiance          = {{ubl|[[Khmer Rouge]]|[[Democratic Kampuchea]]}}
| rank                = [[General officer|General]]
| branch              = [[Kampuchea Revolutionary Army]]
| battles             = {{ubl|[[Vietnam War]]|[[Cambodian Civil War]]|[[Cambodian–Vietnamese War]]}}
| native_name_lang    = km
| office1             = Leader of [[Cambodia]]
| termstart1          = 17 April 1975
| termend1            = 7 January 1979
| president1          = [[Norodom Sihanouk]]&lt;br&gt;[[Khieu Samphan]]
| primeminister1      = [[Penn Nouth]]&lt;br&gt;''Himself''
| predecessor1        = [[Sak Sutsakhan]]
| successor1          = [[Pen Sovan]]{{efn|as [[General Secretary]] of the [[Cambodian People's Party|Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party]]}}&lt;br&gt;[[Heng Samrin]]{{efn|Head of State of the [[People's Republic of Kampuchea]]}}
}}
[[File:Pol Pot (cropped).jpg|thumb|Pol Pot (1978)]]

'''Pol Pot''' (nama ada: '''Saloth Sâr'''; 19 Mei 1925 – 15 April 1998) iya nya siku orang politik, revolusioner enggau diktator Kemboja ti merintah menua komunis Kampuchea Demokratik ari taun 1976 nyentukka iya dibuai dalam taun 1979. Sekumbang iya megai menua, administrasyen iya ngemataka pengawa kasar bebala mayuh lalu iya dipelabaka bala mayuh nyadi siku ari despot ke pemadu kasar dalam sejarah dunya moden. Ari sukut ideologi iya nya siku orang ke megai ideologi etnonasionalis Khmer enggau Maois, Pot nyadi ketuai dalam engkebut Komunis Kemboja, ke dikelala enggau nama Khmer Rouge, ari taun 1963 ngagai 1997. Iya kala nyadi Sekretari Besai Parti Komunis Kampuchea ari taun 1963 ngagai 1981, ke alai Kemboja ditukar nyadi menua ke bisi siti parti. Entara taun 1975 enggau 1979, Khmer Rouge ngereja pengawa munuh bebala mayuh bansa Kemboja, ke alai dipelabaka 1.5–2 juta iku orang mati —kira-kira seperempat ari penyampau tubuh ba menua nya sebedau pengawa munuh bebala mayuh nya nyadi. Kena bulan Disember 1978, Vietnam nyerang Kemboja kena muai Khmer Rouge ari kuasa. Dalam kandang dua minggu, soldadu Vietnam nguasa sebagi besai menua nya, maduka pengawa munuh bebala mayuh nya lalu numbuhka perintah baru Kemboja, lalu Khmer Rouge disekat ngagai kandang menua pesisir ba bagi menua barat menua nya.

Diada ari siku orang bumai ti kaya di Prek Sbauv, Kemboja Perancis, Pol Pot belajar ba sekeda sekula ti pemadu elit di Kemboja. Datai di Paris dalam bulan Oktober 1949 enggau sekulasip akademik, iya udah nya nyereta Parti Komunis Perancis dalam taun 1951 lebuh belajar ba Sekolah Radioelektrik Perancis . Pulai ke Kemboja dalam taun 1953, iya ngaul diri dalam gerempung Khmer Viet Minh enggau perang gerila iya ngelaban perintah Raja Norodom Sihanouk ke baru merdeka. Berindik ari Khmer Viet Minh ke surut ngagai Vietnam Utara dalam taun 1954, Pol Pot pulai baru ngagai Phnom Penh, gawa nyadi pengajar seraya ke mengkang nyadi kaban tengah dalam gerak balas Marxis–Leninis Kemboja. Dalam taun 1959, iya mantu ngeformalka pengawa nya nyadi Parti Buruh Kampuchea, ke udah nya diberi nama baru nyadi Parti Komunis Kampuchea (CPK). Dikena nyeliahka diri ari ditindas nengeri, dalam taun 1962 iya pindah ngagai kem rimba lalu dalam taun 1963 iya nyadi ketuai CPK. Dalam taun 1968, iya ngepunka baru perang ngelaban perintah Sihanouk. Pengudah Lon Nol ngelepaska Sihanouk dalam pengawa rampas kuasa taun 1970, raban Pol Pot bepiak ngagai ketuai ke dibuai ngelaban perintah baru, ke disukung sedadu Amerika Syarikat. Dibantu militia Viet Cong enggau sedadu Vietnam Utara, sedadu Khmer Rouge mansang lalu nguasa semua Kemboja ba taun 1975.

== Pengidup tumu ==

=== Maya agi mit: 1925-1941 ===
Pol Pot ada ba kampung Prek Sbauv, luar mengeri Kampong Thom. Iya diberi nama Saloth Sâr, leka jaku ''sâr'' (&quot;burak, lesi&quot;) ti nunjukka kulit iya ti chukup terang.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Rekod kolonial Peranchis ngengkahka haribulan pengada iya ba 25 Mei 1928,{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} tang penulis biografi Philip Short madahka iya ada dalam bulan Mac 1925.{{Sfn|Short|2004}}
[[Fail:Prek_Sbauv.JPG|kanan|thumb| Prek Sbauv, kampung endur Pol Pot ada sereta ngabiska taun-taun keterubah iya.]]
Sida sebilik bechampur bansa China enggau etnik Khmer, tang enda nemu bejaku [[Jaku China|China]] lalu idup baka orang Khmer asal. {{Sfn|Short|2004}} Apai iya Loth, ke udah nya ngambi nama Saloth Phem, siku orang bumai ke lantang sereta ngembuan tanah padi semilan hektar enggau beberapa iku chapi draf. Rumah Loth nya siti ari rumah ti pemadu besai ba kampung nya lalu maya nanam enggau ngetau iya ngupah orang ti seranta agi ke diau semak iya bejalaika mayuh pengawa betanam betupi.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Indai Sâr, Sok Nem, dipebasaka orang ba endur nya laban iya siku orang ke bepengarap Buddha.{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Sâr anak kelapan ari semilan iku diri menyadi (dua iku indu enggau tujuh iku lelaki),{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} tiga iku ari sida nya mati maya agi biak.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Sida dibesaika dalam pengarap Buddha Theravada, lalu maya pengerami bejalai ngagai biara Kampong Thom.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Taja pan asal sida sebilik chukup lantang, dalam sebengkah randau enggau televisyen Yugoslavia dalam taun 1977, Pol Pot madahka diri ada dalam &quot;ruang bilik ti seranta, orang bumai&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Jones|first=Christopher|date=20 December 1981|title=In the Land of the Khmer Rouge|work=[[New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/20/magazine/in-the-land-of-the-khmer-rouge.html}} &lt;/ref&gt;

Maya nya, Kemboja nyadi menua monarki tang rejim kolonial Perancis megai kuasa politik ba menua nya.{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Sida Sâr sebilik bisi kaul enggau raban diraja Kemboja: petunggal iya Meak nya siku bini Raja Sisowath Monivong lalu udah nya gawa nyadi pengajar balet. Lebuh Sâr beumur nam taun, iya enggau siku menyadi tuai iya dianjung diau enggau Meak ba Phnom Penh; pengawa ngambi anak ti enda formal ari kaban belayan ti kaya agi maya nya suah nyadi di Kemboja.{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Ba Phnom Penh, iya udah 18 bulan nyadi sami baru ba biara Vat Botum Vaddei ba mengeri nya, belajarka ajar [[Buddha|pengarap Buddha]] sereta macha enggau nulis jaku Khmer.

Ba musin angat taun 1935, Sâr mansang diau enggau abang iya Suong sereta bini enggau anak menyadi iya ke penudi.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Taun tu, iya berengkah belajar ba sekula primari [[Gerija Katolik|Roman Katolik]], École Miche, lalu Meak mayar yuran sekula iya.{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Tebal agi bala kaban sekelas iya nya anak birokrat Peranchis enggau orang Katolik Vietnam.{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Iya nemu macha enggau nulis dalam [[jaku Peranchis]] sereta udah teleba enggau [[Kristian|pengarap Kristian]].{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Sâr nadai bepengelandik ba akademik lalu ditan dua taun, nerima Sijil Pelajar Pertama Pelengkap iya dalam taun 1943 lebuh umur iya 18 taun.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Iya mayuh nemuai ngagai Meak ba istana raja, lalu dia meh iya bisi sekeda peneleba seksual iya ti pemadu tumu enggau sekeda indu gundik raja.{{Sfn|Short|2004}}

=== Pelajar udah nya: 1942-1948 ===
Sekumbang Sâr ba sekula nya, Raja Moniveng udah parai. Ba taun 1941, piak bekuasa Peranchis nyiri Norodom Sihanouk nganti iya. Sekula sekondari baru, Collége Pream Sihanouk, ditumbuhka di Kampong Cham, lalu Sâr dipilih nyadi tarak asrama ba palan nya dalam taun 1942. Tikas pelajar tu meri iya penuduk ti spesyel dalam raban bansa Kemboja.{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Iya belajar bemain biola lalu ngambi bagi ba leka main sekula. Mayuh awak lepa iya dikena bemain bol (bol sipak) enggau [[bol keranjang]]. Beberapa iku kaban tarak, entara sida Hu Nim enggau Khieu Samphan, udah nya begawa ba perintah iya.{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Maya pemisi taun baru dalam taun 1945, Sâr enggau sekeda kaban ari raban teater kolej iya bejalai ngagai provinsi ngena bas ngumpul duit ungkup pejalai ngagai Angkor Wat.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Dalam taun 1947, iya ninggalka sekula nya.{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}}

Taun nya, iya mujur ba peresa ti ngasuh iya tama Lycée Sisowath, seraya nya diau enggau Suong sereta bini baru iya.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Ba musin angat taun 1948, iya ngambi peresa masuk ''brevet'' ungkup kelas atas Lycée, tang enda mujur. Enda baka sekeda kaban iya, iya enda ulih terus belajar ba sekula nya ngambika bulih baccalauréat . Tang, iya ngambi pelajar ba taun 1948 belajarka pengawa betukang ba Ecole Technique di Russey Keo, ba kandang menua utara Phnom Penh. Penurun ari pelajar akademik ngagai vokasional tu nyangka nyadika tekenyit.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Bala kaban iya ke sama belajar nya, mayuh ari sida iya ari kelas ke baruh agi ari sida ke ba Lycée Sisowath, taja pan sida ukai orang bumai.{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Ba Teknik Ecole, iya betemu enggau Ieng Sary, ke nyadi kaban rat lalu udah nya nyadi kaban perintah iya.{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Ba musin angat taun 1949, Sâr pas ba ''brevet'' iya lalu bulih siti ari lima iti sekulasip ti ngemendarka iya bejalai ke Peranchis belajar ba siti ari sekula injinir dia.{{Sfn|Short|2004}}

Maya [[Perang Dunya Kedua]], Jereman Nazi nyerang Peranchis, lalu ba taun 1941, Jipun muru Peranchis ari Kemboja, lalu Sihanouk madahka menua iya meredeka. {{Sfn|Short|2004}} Pengudah perang nya abis, Peranchis netapka baru kuasa iya ba Kemboja dalam taun 1946,{{Sfn|Short|2004}} tang ngemendarka pengaga konstitusyen baru enggau numbuhka mayuh macham parti politik. Pekara ti pemadu mujur ari sida nya Parti Demokratik ti menang ba pengawa bepilih besai taun 1946. Nitihka penerang ari pakar sejarah David Chandler, Sâr enggau Sary gawa ba parti nya maya kimpin pengawa bepilih ti mujur;{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} tang, Short madah Sâr nadai kaul enggau parti nya.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Sihanouk mantah reformasyen parti nya ke bepiak kiba lalu dalam taun 1948 ngererak Aum Nasional, nganti nya merintah nengah dekrit. {{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Raban Việt Minh nguji numbuhka gerempung komunis ke baru ada, tang iya dituntung penyarut entara bansa Khmer enggau Vietnam. Berita pasal raban nya ditapis ari surat berita, lalu enda tentu Sâr nemu pasal pekara nya.{{Sfn|Short|2004}}

=== Paris: taun 1949-1953 ===
[[Fail:Entrée_Abbesses_originelle.jpg|thumb| Sâr datai ba Paris kena 1 Oktober 1949. Paris digambar dalam taun 1950.]]
Akses ngagai pelajar ke lebih tinggi di menua luar ngasuh Sâr nyadi sebagi ari raban elit ke mit di menua Kemboja.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Iya enggau 21 iku tarak bukai ke dipilih belayar ari Saigon nepan kapal SS ''Jamaïque'', ngetu ba [[Singapura]], Colombo, enggau Djibouti lebuh dalam pejalai nuju Marseille. Sâr datai ba Paris kena 1 Oktober 1949. Kena bulan Januari 1950, Sâr ngambi pelajar ba Sekula radioelektrik Peranchis belajarka elektronik radio.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Iya ngambi bilik ba Pavilion Indochina Cité Universitaire,{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} udah nya endur diau ba jalai Amyot,{{Sfn|Short|2004}} lalu pengujung iya ba endur tinduk di sukut jalai Commerce enggau jalai Letellier.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Sâr bulih mark ke manah maya taun keterubah iya belajar. Iya enda mujur ba peresa ujung taun keterubah tang dikemendarka ngambi baru lalu mujur mit, ngujungka iya ulih nampung pelajar.{{Sfn|Short|2004}}

Sâr udah tiga taun ba Paris.{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Ba musin angat taun 1950, iya siku ari 18 iku nembiak Kemboja ke enggau kaban Peranchis bejalai ngagai FPR Yugoslavia nyadi voluntia dalam batalion pengereja pengawa ngaga jalai besai di Zagreb. Iya pulai ke Yugoslavia ba taun ke nangkanka nya laban deka belelak ba kem.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Sâr ngaga mimit tauka nadai nguji berasimilasyen enggau budaya Peranchis{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} lalu enda kala sepenuh iya nyamai bejaku dalam jaku Peranchis.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Taja pia iya nyadi teleba enggau litaricha Peranchis; siku ari pengarang ti dikerinduka iya iya nya Jean-Jacques Rousseau.{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Kaul iya ti pemadu besai reti di menua nya enggau Ieng Sary, ti udah begulai enggau iya dia, Thiounn Mumm enggau Keng Vannsak. {{Sfn|Chandler|1992}} Iya nyadi kaban dalam raban randau Vannsak, ke alai kaban iya ke mayuh macham ideologi berandauka chara dikena ngulihka meredeka Kemboja.{{Sfn|Short|2004}}

Di Paris, Ieng Sary enggau dua iku agi numbuhka Cercle Marxiste (&quot;Lingkaran Marxis&quot;), sebengkah gerempung ti diatur dalam sistem sel ti belalai.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Bala sel nya baum macha teks Marxis sereta ngatur sesi kritik diri.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Sâr enggau sel ti betemu ba jalai Lacepède; kaban sel iya nyengkaum Hou Yuon, Sien Ary, enggau Sok Knaol.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Iya nulung ngaga salin surat berita Cercle, ''Reaksmei'' (&quot;The Spark&quot;), ti diberi nama nitihka surat berita Rusia ke suba.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Kena bulan Oktober 1951, Yuon dipilih nyadi tuai Gerempung Pelajar Khmer (AEK; ''Gerempung Pelajar Khmer''), nempa kaul ti rat entara gerempung nya enggau Gerempung Pelajar Nasional Peranchis ti bepiak kiba.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Cercle Marxiste udah manipulasyen AEK enggau gerempung ti nganti iya dalam timpuh 19 taun ti deka datai.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Beberapa bulan pengudah Cercle Marxiste ditumbuhka, Sâr enggau Sary nyereta Parti Komunis Peranchis (PCF). Sâr ngulu aum parti, nyengkaum aum raban Kemboja iya, lalu macha majalah iya, ''Les Cahiers Internationaux''.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Ba mayuh orang biak di Perancis enggau Kemboja, komunisme baka ke deka nyadi jemah ila; Parti Komunis China menang dalam Perang Saudara China lalu Parti Komunis Peranchis nyadi siti ari ke pemadu besai di menua nya,&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Chandler|1992|p=27}} {{&quot;'}}They became Communists when it was the popular thing to do—during the early 1950s under the unstable Fourth Republic in France when a Communist-controlled resistance movement in Cambodia bravely confronted the French colonial rulers. This period marked the heyday of the Communist party of France. The Khmer students' time in Paris coincided with the last years of Stalin's life and the apotheosis of the cult of personality surrounding him. The Communist party, one of the strongest in France, was considered the most Stalinist party outside eastern Europe. The years 1949-1953 also marked the victory of communism in China and the confrontation between Communist and anticommunist armies in the Korean War. To many young Khmer and millions of young people in France, communism seemed to be the wave of the future.{{'&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; narit undi urung 25% ari pengundi Peranchis. {{Sfn|Short|2004}}
[[Fail:Mao,_Bulganin,_Stalin,_Ulbricht_Tsedenbal.jpeg|kanan|thumb| Ba Paris, Pol Pot diiri enggau inspirasyen ari karang Mao Zedong enggau Joseph Stalin (gambar begulai dalam taun 1949) pasal chara bejalaika revolusyen.]]
Sâr nemu mayuh teks Karl Marx ti padat agi tusah, udah nya madahka diri &quot;enda tentu meretika&quot; teks nya.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Tang iya nyadi teleba enggau karang ketuai Soviet Joseph Stalin, nyengkaum ''Sejarah Parti Komunis Kesatuan Soviet (Bolshevik)''.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Sâr mega macha karya Mao, kelebih agi ''On New Democracy'', teks ti ngerintaika langkar dikena bejalaika revolusyen dalam raban bansa kolonial enggau setengah kolonial, setengah feudal.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Beserimbai enggau teks-teks tu, Sâr macha bup anarkis Peter Kropotkin pasal Revolusyen Perancis, ''The Great Revolution''.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Ari Kropotkin iya ngambi penemu ti madahka gempung entara orang ti bepenemu enggau orang bumai beguna bendar ke revolusyen; ti madahka revolusyen patut dipejalaika enggau nadai kompromi ngagai simpul iya ngambika mujur; lalu egalitarianisme nya nyadika pelasar gerempung komunis.{{Sfn|Short|2004}}

Ba Kemboja, penyarut dalam menua ke majak nyadi ngujungka Raja Sihanouk muai perintah lalu madahka diri nyadi menteri besai.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Berindik ari nya, Sâr nulis artikel, “Monarki tauka Demokrasi?”, ti dikeluarka dalam majalah nembiak ''Khmer Nisut'' ngena nama samun “Khmer daom” (“Khmer Asal”). Dalam nya, iya ngenang enggau positif ngagai [[Buddha|pengarap Buddha]], ngayanka sami Buddha nyadi kuasa anti-monarkis ba sepiak orang bumai.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Ba sebengkah aum, Cercle mutuska deka nganjung orang ke Kemboja beratika gaya utai ke nyadi lalu nentuka ni bagi raban pemberontak ke patut disukung sida; Sâr nyadi sukarelawan ungkup pengawa nya.{{Sfn|Short|2004}} Pemutus iya ke deka pansut mega engka ketegal iya enda mujur ba peresa taun dua dua taun beturut-turut lalu ngujungka iya lenyau sekulasip. Kena bulan Disember, iya nepan kapal ''SS Jamaïque'', pulai ke Kemboja enggau nadai degree.{{Sfn|Chandler|1992}}

== Kereban sanding ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bunsu penemu ===

* {{Cite book |last=Tyner |first=James A. |title=From Rice Fields to Killing Fields: Nature, Life, and Labor under the Khmer Rouge |date=2018 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |isbn=978-0815635567 |location=Syracuse, NY}}

== Bacha ke silik agi ==

== Laman web ke bukai ==

* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/81048.stm Sebengkah aum enggau Pol Pot] . Elizabeth Becker ari ''Surat Berita'' .
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071027122241/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/cambodia.htm Genosida Kemboja enggau] . Kereban ti ditusun Dr. Stuart D. Stein
* [http://www.yale.edu/cgp/ Program Pemunuh Bansa Kemboja, 1994-2008] .
* [http://www.cambodiatribunal.org/ Pemantau Tribunal Kemboja enggau] .
* ''[[iarchive:BiographyOfComradePolPotSecretaryOfTheCentralCommitteeOfThe|Biografi kaban Pol Pot, sekretari Komiti Pusat Parti Komunis Kampuchea]]''. Siti pamplet ti dikeluarka opis menteri luar Demokratik Kampuchea.

[[Kategori:Pengada 1925]]
[[Kategori:Pemati 1998]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>American Horror Story</title>
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      <text bytes="7476" sha1="459gvc9c2d97epx75kbyx5oh2w3d3ys" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox television
| image                = American Horror Story (FX television series) red logo.svg
| alt                  = The title written in a distinctive font, white on black
| genre                = {{Plainlist|
* [[Horror fiction|Horror]] 
* [[Anthology]]
}}
| runtime              = 32–73 minutes
| theme_music_composer = {{Plainlist|
* Cesar Davila-Irizarry
* [[Charlie Clouser]]
* [[Mac Quayle]]}}
| composer             = {{Plainlist|
* [[James S. Levine]]
* Mac Quayle}}
| creator              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Ryan Murphy (producer)|Ryan Murphy]]
* [[Brad Falchuk]]}}
| based_on             = {{based on|''Delicate Condition'' {{small|([[American Horror Story: Delicate|season 12]])}}|[[Danielle Rollins|Danielle Valentine]]}}
| showrunner           = {{Plainlist|
* Ryan Murphy {{small|(all seasons except 12)}}
* [[Halley Feiffer]] {{small|(season 12)}}
}}
| country              = United States
| language             = English
| num_seasons          = 13&lt;!-- Do not change season count until a new season has premiered.--&gt;
| num_episodes         = 144&lt;!-- Do not change episode count until a new episode has aired.--&gt;
| list_episodes        = List of American Horror Story episodes
| starring             = see [[List of American Horror Story cast members|List of ''American Horror Story'' cast members]]
| executive_producer   = {{Plainlist|
* Ryan Murphy
* Brad Falchuk
* [[Dante Di Loreto]]
* [[Tim Minear]]
* [[James Wong (producer)|James Wong]]
* [[Jennifer Salt]]
* [[Bradley Buecker]]
* [[Alexis Martin Woodall]]
* [[Crystal Liu]]
* Adam Penn
* [[John J. Gray]]
* [[Sarah Paulson]]
* [[Manny Coto]]
* [[Our Lady J]]
* Halley Feiffer
* Scott Robertson
* Tanase Popa}}
| producer             = {{Plainlist|
* Alexis Martin Woodall
* Patrick McKee
* Robert M. Williams Jr.
* [[Ned Martel]]
* [[Lou Eyrich]]
* [[Evan Peters]]
* [[Charlie Carver]]
* Sara Stelwagen
* Karl Frankenfield
* Eryn Krueger Mekash
* Todd Nenninger 
* Franzis Müller}}
| cinematography       = {{Plainlist|
* Christopher Baffa
* [[Michael Goi]]
* Gavin Kelly
* Andrew Mitchell}}
| editor               = {{Plainlist|
* Fabienne Bouville
* Ken Ramos
* Adam Penn}}
| camera               = [[Single camera setup|Single camera]]
| company              = {{Plainlist|
* Brad Falchuk Teley-Vision
* {{nowrap|[[Ryan Murphy (producer)|Ryan Murphy Television]]}}{{efn|Dikelala enggau nama Ryan Murphy Productions ungkup musin 1–6}}
* [[20th Television]]{{efn|Dikelala enggau nama 20th Century Fox Television ari 2011 nyentuk ngagai 2020}}
}}
| network              = [[FX (TV channel)|FX]]
| first_aired          = {{Start date|2011|10|5}}
| last_aired           = present
| related              = ''[[American Story (franchise)|American Story]]''&lt;br /&gt;''[[American Horror Stories]]''
}}

'''''American Horror Story''''' ('''''AHS''''') iya nya siri televisyen antologi seram Amerika ti digaga Ryan Murphy enggau Brad Falchuk ungkup rangkaian kabel FX. Ansuran keterubah dalam francais media ''American Story'', musin-musin ''AHS'' tebal agi diperambu nyadi minisiri kediri empu, nitihka set watak ke bebida dalam rampa baru dalam dunya raya fiksyen ke sama (ti sekali-sekala dikena randau nya ungkup crossover entara musin, lalu dikunsi enggau spin-off berepisod American Horror Stories), sereta jalai cherita enggau &quot;pemungkal, tengan enggau pengujung&quot; kediri empu. Sekeda elemen plot tiap musim nya mimit diiri enggau pekara ti amat nyadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Pehanick|first=Maggie|date=April 24, 2016|title=The True Stories Behind 18 American Horror Story Characters|url=http://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/American-Horror-Story-Characters-Based-Real-People-36364636|access-date=May 8, 2016|website=Popsugar.com|archive-date=May 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513153010/http://www.popsugar.com/entertainment/American-Horror-Story-Characters-Based-Real-People-36364636|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Wood|first=Lucy|date=October 18, 2015|title=DID YOU KNOW THESE AMERICAN HORROR STORY PLOTLINES ARE BASED ON TRUE EVENTS?|url=http://www.sugarscape.com/film-tv/news/a1083195/american-horror-story-based-true-events/|access-date=May 8, 2016|website=Sugarscape.com|archive-date=May 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515075835/http://www.sugarscape.com/film-tv/news/a1083195/american-horror-story-based-true-events/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Gennis|first=Sadie|date=October 20, 2015|title=The Real-Life Inspirations Behind American Horror Story: Hotel|url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/american-horror-story-hotel-real-life-inspirations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114224713/https://www.tvguide.com/news/american-horror-story-hotel-real-life-inspirations/|archive-date=November 14, 2020|access-date=May 8, 2016|publisher=[[TV Guide]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mayuh pelakun ayan dalam lebih ari siti musin, suah iya ngelakunka watak baru taja pan kekadang nyadi watak ti pulai baru. [[Evan Peters]], Sarah Paulson, enggau Lily Rabe udah pemadu suah pulai, enggau tiap iku udah ayan dalam semilan musin, ditangkan Frances Conroy enggau Denis O’Hare ti sama-sama ayan dalam lapan iti; Emma Roberts, Billie Lourd, enggau Leslie Grossman bisi ayan dalam enam iti, lalu pelakun bukai ke tebilang nyengkaum Jessica Lange, Kathy Bates, Angela Bassett, Adina Porter, Finn Wittrock, enggau Jamie Brewer bisi ayan dalam lima iti ari kesemua musin nya.

Musin keterubah, ''Murder House'', bepelasarka ba ruang bilik ba rumah berantu. Musin kedua, ''Asylum'', nitihka pesakit enggau staf institusyen gila bejenayah. Musin ketiga, ''Coven'', fokus ngagai coven bala dukun enggau munsuh sida. Musin keempat, ''Freak Show'', bepalan ba siti raban pengawa freak show Amerika. Musin kelima, ''Hotel'', nitihka staf enggau temuai sebuah hotel ti diuan entiti ti nyelai. Musin kenam, ''Roanoke'', fokus ngagai siti rumah ladang ti dikachau antu koloni Roanoke ti lenyau. Musin ketujuh, ''Cult'', bepelasarka ba kultus pengudah pengawa bepilih presiden AS 2016. Musin kelapan, ''Apocalypse'', iya nya sambung-silang ari musim ''Murder House'' enggau ''Coven''. Musin kesembilan, ''1984'', bepelasarka ba pemuka baru kem musin angat pengudah pengawa munuh bebala mayuh. Musin kesepuluh, ''Double Feature'', fokus ngagai ruang bilik di Provincetown, Massachusetts enggau orang ke bendar diau ba mengeri nya, sereta seraban nembiak dalam konspirasi ti ngaul utai idup luar bumi. Musin kesebelas, ''NYC'', fokus ngagai pemunuh lelaki gay enggau chara misteri sereta pemansut virus ti tau nabanka nyawa dalam taun 1980-an. Musin kedua belas, ''Delicate'', nitihka siku pelakun indu ti, lebuh nguji ngandung, pechaya iya udah nyadi mansa konspirasi ti jai. Kena bulan Januari 2020, FX ngemaru siri tu nyentuk ngagai musin ke-13.

Taja pan penerima ngagai musin siti-siti udah bebida, ''American Horror Story'' mayuh udah diterima enggau manah ari bala kritikus televisyen, enggau majoriti puji nuju ngagai pelakun, kelebih agi Jessica Lange, ti menang dua Anugerah Emmy, Anugerah Golden Globe, enggau Anugerah Screen Actors Guild ketegal pengawa iya. James Cromwell enggau Kathy Bates sama-sama bulih Anugerah Emmy ketegal pengawa seduai iya, lalu Lady Gaga bulih Anugerah Globe Mas. Siri tu bulih rating ti tinggi enggau konsisten ungkup rangkaian FX, enggau musin keterubah iya nyadi siri kabel baru ti pemadu mayuh dipeda taun 2011.

==Nota==
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot;/&gt;

==Kereban sanding==
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    <title>Maxwell Franklin Saran</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7012</id>
    <revision>
      <id>20148</id>
      <parentid>20031</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-23T04:05:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jang Edgar</username>
        <id>20</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>20148</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2662" sha1="4tzfg8lcqomrgaydwrm2tk89dqno2hz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name          = Maxwell Franklin Saran
| image         = &lt;!-- filename only, no &quot;File:&quot; or &quot;Image:&quot; prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] --&gt;
| alt           = &lt;!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --&gt;
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = &lt;!-- use only if different from name --&gt;
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1981|05|05}}
| birth_place   = [[Lingga]], [[Bagi Menua Sri Aman]], [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]]
| death_date    = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) --&gt;
| death_place   = 
| other_names   = DJ Ijau
| occupation    = Penanyi, DJ
| years_active  = 1997-diatu
| known_for     = 
| notable_works = 
}}

'''Maxwell Franklin Saran''' nya siku penanyi sereta DJ Radio [[Cats FM]] ari [[Sarawak]], [[Malaysia]].

== Pengawa ==
Maxwell berengkah nyingkang dalam dunya pemerindang ba taun 1997 iya nya sepengudah bekelala enggau Jennarino Jeraki enggau [[Jenny Tan]]. Ba pengujung taun 1997, iya berengkah enggau orang ngeruh ai masuk bemacham pekit belagu lalu mujur dipilih masuk renggat kepenudi Pekit Belagu Bintang Asli Remaja renggat menua Sarawak tang semina bulih perais sagu ati aja ba taun 1998. Entara taun 1998 enggau 1999, iya tama ngagai bemacham ban baka Band 511 Askar Wataniah, Marine Base sereta X’ File.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Matthew Brundang |date= 25 Jun 2023|title=Ngemaruhka diri kunchi Maxwell ulih beretan lama |url=https://suarasarawak.my/ngemaruhka-diri-kunchi-maxwell-ulih-beretan-lama/|website=Suara Sarawak |location= |publisher= |access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba taun 1999, iya bisi ngeluarka dua buah lagu kompilasyen Tiga Sebuat ti diberi nama Selamat Pengantin Baru enggau Joget Pulai Ke Menua sebedau mansutka album solo, Bujang Sarawak. Album kediri iya iya nya Bujang Sarawak mujur dikeluarka ba baruh perabung GPRS ba ujung taun 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ba taun 2018, iya ngeluarka siti album ke benama 'Dara Manis'.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Matthew Brundang |date= 10 Mach 2018|title=Maxwell Franklin Saran kembali dengan album terbaharu ‘Dara Manis’|lang=ms |url=https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2018/03/10/maxwell-franklin-saran-kembali-dengan-album-terbaharu-dara-manis|website=Utusan Borneo |location= |publisher= |access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Anugerah ==
Anugerah ti diterima Maxwell baka Anugerah Dayak Icon 2023, The Most Talented Iban Icon (Komuniti Dayak enggau Komuniti Asal Borneo) ari GOASS enggau TAJAI.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; 

== Kereban sanding ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Pengada 1981]]
[[Kategori:Orang idup]]
[[Kategori:Penanyi laki Malaysia kurun ke-20]]
[[Kategori:Penanyi laki Malaysia kurun ke-21]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dunya Kristian</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7062</id>
    <revision>
      <id>20144</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-22T12:22:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Song GK</username>
        <id>9</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar &quot; [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1377971970|Christendom]] &quot;</comment>
      <origin>20144</origin>
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[[File:Christianity_percent_population_in_each_nation_World_Map_Christian_data_by_Pew_Research.svg|thumb|330x330px|Pengarap Kristian – Peratus penyampau tubuh nitihka menua (data 2010)&lt;ref name=&quot;assets_pewresearch_org2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf|title=Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population|publisher=Pew Research Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
'''Dunya Kristian'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Marty |first=Martin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MoolUlqQdmAC |title=The Christian World: A Global History |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-58836-684-9 |pages=42}}&lt;/ref&gt; nya leka jaku ti suah dikena madahka komuniti Kristian global, [[menua Kristian]], [[Pengarap Kristian nitihka menua|menua ti majoriti Kristian]] tauka menua ti endur [[Kristian|pengarap Kristian]] dominan&lt;ref name=&quot;ixHall&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hall |first=Douglas John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RM1KAwAAQBAJ |title=The End of Christendom and the Future of Christianity |date=2002 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=9781579109844 |location=Eugene, Oregon |page=ix |quote=&quot;Christendom&quot; [...] means literally the dominion or sovereignty of the Christian religion. |author-link=Douglas John Hall |access-date=28 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; tauka merintah.

Berindik ari pengerembai pengarap Kristian ari [[Levan]] ngagai [[Eropah]] enggau [[Afrika Utara]] maya [[Empayar Rom]] keterubah, pengarap Kristian udah bepechah ba [[Timur Gerika enggau Barat Latin]] ke udah bisi sebedau tu. Pengudah [[penyerara Besai]] taun 1054, dua pampang besai dalam pengarap Kristian pansut, ti bepalan ba mengeri [[Rom]] ([[Kristian Barat]], ke alai komuniti iya dikumbai Dunya Kristian Barat tauka Latin&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chazan |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JxJQ_98I3R0C |title=The Jews of Medieval Western Christendom: 1000-1500 |date=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521616645 |location=Cambridge |page=xi |access-date=26 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;) enggau [[Konstantinopel]] ([[Kristian Timur]], ke komuniti iya dikumbai Dunya Kristian Timur). Pengudah [[Pengelabuh Konstantinopel|Konstantinopel labuh]] ba taun 1453, [[Gerija Latin|pengarap Kristian Latin]] nyadi palan ke beguna amat ba [[dunya Barat]].&lt;ref&gt;Chazan, p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt; Pengudah [[Reformasyen]], [[Protestan|pengarap Protestan]] nyadi pampang pengarap Kristian ketiga ba abad ke-16. Sejarah dunya Kristian mungkur urung 2,000 taun lalu nyengkaum mayuh macham pemansang sosio-politik, sereta mega pemansang dalam [[Seni Kristian|seni]], arkitektur, [[Litaricha Kristian|litaricha]], [[Kristian enggau sains|sains]], [[Filosofi Kristian|filosofi]], [[Kristian enggau politik|politik]] enggau teknologi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crisis in Western Education&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dawson |first=Christopher |title=Crisis in Western Education |last2=Olsen |first2=Glenn |publisher=CUA Press |year=1961 |isbn=978-0-8132-1683-6 |edition=reprint}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E. McGrath&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=E. McGrath |first=Alister |title=Christianity: An Introduction |publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons |year=2006 |isbn=1405108991 |page=336}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;National Review Book Service2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Review of ''How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization'' by Thomas Woods, Jr.|url=http://www.nrbookservice.com/products/bookpage.asp?prod_cd=c6664|work=National Review Book Service|access-date=16 September 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822150152/http://www.nrbookservice.com/products/BookPage.asp?prod_cd=c6664|archive-date=22 August 2006|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kereban sanding ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Sumber ===
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite book |last=Browning |first=Robert |url=https://archive.org/details/byzantineempire0000brow |title=The Byzantine Empire |date=1992 |publisher=The Catholic University of America Press |isbn=978-0-8132-0754-4 |location=Washington, DC |url-access=registration}}
* Bosanquet, Bernard. [https://archive.org/details/civilizationchr02bosagoog The Civilization of Christendom, And Other Studies]. London: S. Sonnenschein, 1893.
* {{Cite book |last=Cameron |first=Averil |title=The Byzantines |date=2006 |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=978-1-4051-9833-2 |location=Oxford |author-link=Averil Cameron}}
* {{cite journal|last=Cantor|first=Norman F.|title=The Crisis of Western Monasticism, 1050–1130|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=66|issue=1|year=1960|pages=47–67|doi=10.2307/1845706|jstor=1845706}}
* {{cite book |last=Haskins |first=Charles Homer |title=Renaissance of the Twelfth Century |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-674-76075-2 |edition=Rev.}}
* {{Cite book |last=Lazare |first=Bernard |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924028696783 |title=Antisemitism: Its History and Causes |date=1903 |publisher=International Library |location=New York |author-link=Bernard Lazare}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hall |first1=John R. |title=Sociology On Culture |last2=Battani |first2=Marshall |last3=Neitz |first3=Mary Jo |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-134-45237-8 |author-link1=John R. Hall (sociologist)}}
* {{cite book |last1=Matthews |first1=Roy T. |title=The Western Humanities |last2=Platt |first2=F. DeWitt |publisher=Mayfield |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-87484-785-7}}
* {{cite web|last=Noll|first=Mark|author-link=Mark Noll|title=Science, Religion, and A.D. White: Seeking Peace in the &quot;Warfare Between Science and Theology&quot;|publisher=The Biologos Foundation|year=2009|url=https://biologos.org/uploads/projects/noll_scholarly_essay2.pdf|access-date=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150322013257/https://biologos.org/uploads/projects/noll_scholarly_essay2.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2015}}
* {{cite book |last=Rosenwein |first=Barbara H. |title=A Short History of the Middle Ages |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-4426-0611-1 |edition=Fourth |volume=1}}
* {{cite journal|last=Longwell|first=Horace Craig|title=The Significance of Scholasticism|journal=The Philosophical Review|volume=37|issue=3|year=1928|pages=210–225|doi=10.2307/2179428|jstor=2179428}}
* {{cite journal|last=Seagrave|first=S. Adam|title=Cicero, Aquinas, and Contemporary Issues in Natural Law Theory|journal=The Review of Metaphysics|volume=62|issue=3|year=2009|pages=491–523|jstor=40387823}}
* {{cite book |last=Stephenson |first=David |title=Heavenly Vaults: From Romanesque to Gothic in European Architecture |publisher=Princeton Architectural Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-56898-840-5 |edition=illustrated}}
* {{Cite book |last=Woods |first=Thomas Jr |url=https://archive.org/details/howcatholicchurc0000wood |title=How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization |date=2005 |publisher=Regnery Publishing, Inc |isbn=0-8952-6038-7 |author-link=Thomas Woods |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/churcheschriste00unkngoog |title=The Churches of Christendom |date=1884 |publisher=Macniven and Wallace}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/historyteaching00yorkgoog |title=The History of Teachings of the Early Church, as a Basis for the Re-union of Christendom: Lectures |date=1893 |publisher=E. &amp; J. B. Young}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/returnchristend00chesgoog |title=The Return of Christendom |date=1922 |publisher=Macmillan}}
* {{cite book |last=Verger |first=Jacques |title=The New Cambridge Medieval History |title-link=The New Cambridge Medieval History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-521-36289-4 |editor-last1=McKitterick |editor-first1=Rosamond |editor-link1=Rosamond McKitterick |volume=5, c.1198–c.1300 |pages=256–276 |chapter=The Universities and Scholasticism |access-date=31 March 2022 |editor-last2=Abulafia |editor-first2=David |editor-link2=David Abulafia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bclfdU_2lesC}}
* {{cite journal|last=Weitzmann|first=Kurt|author-link=Kurt Weitzmann|title=Various Aspects of Byzantine Influence on the Latin Countries from the Sixth to the Twelfth Century|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=20|year=1966|pages=1–24|doi=10.2307/1291240|jstor=1291240}}
{{Refend}}

== Bacha ke silik agi ==
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{Cite book |last=Allies |first=Thomas William |url=https://archive.org/details/formationchrist00alligoog |title=The formation of Christendom |date=1865 |publisher=Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green}}
* {{cite book |last=Althoff |first=Gerd |title=Rules and Rituals in Medieval Power Games |publisher=Brill |year=2019 |isbn=978-9-00441-531-7 |pages=189–202 |chapter=Communicating Papal Primacy: the Impact of Gregory VII’s Ideas (11th–13th Century) |doi=10.1163/9789004415317_015 |ref={{sfnref|Althoff|2019b}} |s2cid=211661394}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Becker|first1=Sascha O.|last2=Pfaff|first2=Steven|last3=Rubin|first3=Jared|title=Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation|journal=ESI Working Paper 16–13|year=2016|url=https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1177&amp;context=esi_working_papers|issn=2572-1496|access-date=5 July 2023|archive-date=25 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625032557/https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1177&amp;context=esi_working_papers|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Boppart|first1=Timo|last2=Falkinger|first2=Josef|last3=Grossmann|first3=Volker|date=1 April 2014|title=Protestantism and Education: Reading (the Bible) and Other Skills|journal=[[Economic Inquiry]]|volume=52|issue=2|pages=874–895|doi=10.1111/ecin.12058|s2cid=10220106|issn=1465-7295|url=https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp3314.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307082125/https://www.ifo.de/DocDL/cesifo1_wp3314.pdf|archive-date=7 March 2020|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book |last=Charles |first=Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUUBAAAAQAAJ |title=Sketches of the women of Christendom, by the author of 'Chronicles of the Schönberg-Cotta family'. |date=1880}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cole |first=F. G. |url=https://archive.org/details/motherallchurch00colegoog |title=Mother of All Churches: A Brief and Comprehensive Handbook of the Holy Eastern Orthodox Church |date=1908 |publisher=Skeffington}}
* {{Cite book |last=Cox |first=George William |url=https://archive.org/details/latinandteutoni01coxgoog |title=Latin and Teutonic Christendom: An Historical Sketch |date=1870 |publisher=Longmans, Green &amp; Company}}
* {{Cite book |last=Della Rocca |first=Fernando |title=Manual of Canon Law |date=1 January 1959 |publisher=Bruce Pub. Co}}
* {{Cite book |last=Egar |first=John Hodson |url=https://archive.org/details/christendomeccl00egargoog |title=Christendom; ecclesiastical and political, from Constantine to the Reformation |date=1887 |publisher=J. Pott}}
* {{Cite book |last=Girdlestone |first=Charles |url=https://archive.org/details/christendomsket00girdgoog |title=Christendom, sketched from history in the light of holy Scripture |date=1870 |publisher=Published for the Author by Sampson Low, Son, &amp; Marston}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hull |first=Moses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_wgCOgAACAAJ |title=Encyclopedia of Biblical Spiritualism; Or, A Concordance to the Principal Passages of the Old and New Testament Scriptures Which Prove or Imply Spiritualism; Together with a Brief History of the Origin of Many of the Important Books of the Bible |date=1895 |publisher=M. Hull |location=Chicago}} ([https://books.google.com/books?id=pqAEibVjkA4C reprint version] is available)
* {{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=Richard |url=https://archive.org/details/renownedhistory01johngoog |title=The Renowned History of the Seven Champions of Christendom: St. George of England, St. Denis of France, St. James of Spain, St. Anthony of Italy, St. Andrew of Scotland, St. Patrick of Ireland, and St. David of Wales, and Their Sons |date=1824 |publisher=W. Baynes}}
* {{Cite book |last=Naville |first=Ernest |url=https://archive.org/details/thechristsevenle00naviuoft |title=The Christ: Seven lectures |date=1880 |publisher=T. &amp; T. Clark}}
* {{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Janet L. |title=The Cambridge History of Christianity |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-521-81775-2 |editor1-last=Noble |editor1-first=T. |volume=3 |pages=299–326 |chapter=Law and its applications |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521817752.002 |editor2-last=Smith |editor2-first=J. |editor2-link=Julia M. H. Smith}}
* {{cite book |last1=Numbers |first1=Ronald L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ILIPEAAAQBAJ |title=Galileo Goes to Jail and Other Myths about Science and Religion |date=8 November 2010 |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=9780674057418}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Schaltegger|first1=Christoph A.|last2=Torgler|first2=Benno|date=1 May 2010|title=Work ethic, Protestantism, and human capital|journal=Economics Letters|volume=107|issue=2|pages=99–101|doi=10.1016/j.econlet.2009.12.037|url=https://eprints.qut.edu.au/32407/1/COVERSHEET_C32407.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522192658/https://eprints.qut.edu.au/32407/1/COVERSHEET_C32407.pdf|archive-date=22 May 2023|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Spater|first1=Jeremy|last2=Tranvik|first2=Isak|date=1 November 2019|title=The Protestant Ethic Reexamined: Calvinism and Industrialization|journal=[[Comparative Political Studies]]|volume=52|issue=13–14|pages=1963–1994|doi=10.1177/0010414019830721|s2cid=204438351|issn=0010-4140}}
* {{Cite book |last=Stearns |first=George |url=https://archive.org/details/mistakechristen00steagoog |title=The mistake of Christendom; or, Jesus and His Gospel before Paul and Christianity |date=1857 |publisher=B. Marsh}}
* {{cite book |last=Thompson |first=James Westfall |title=History of the Middle Ages 300–1500 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-317-21700-8 |chapter=The Papacy and the War of investiture |author-link=James Westfall Thompson}}
* {{Cite book |last=Thomson |first=John Radford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hOECAAAAQAAJ |title=Symbols of Christendom: an elementary text-book |date=1867}}
* {{cite book |author1-last=Weber |author1-first=Max |title=The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism |author2-last=Kalberg |author2-first=Stephen |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-57958-338-5 |author1-link=Max Weber |orig-date=1905}}
* {{Cite book |last=White |first=Andrew Dickson |url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorywarfare02whitgoog |title=A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom |date=1897 |publisher=D. Appleton}}
{{Refend}}{{Authority control}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Muhammad Ali</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7063</id>
    <revision>
      <id>20149</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-23T04:36:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jang Edgar</username>
        <id>20</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar &quot; [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381121118|Muhammad Ali]] &quot;</comment>
      <origin>20149</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6673" sha1="tohrjij2l5a6z3f32jux1i3f5tljmfs" xml:space="preserve">
{{Infobox person
| name               = &lt;!-- defaults to article title when left blank --&gt;
| image              = Muhammad Ali NYWTS.jpg &lt;!--See talk page before changing image--&gt;
| caption            = Ali in 1967
| birth_name         = Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1942|1|17}}
| birth_place        = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2016|6|3|1942|1|17}}
| death_place        = [[Scottsdale, Arizona]], U.S.
| resting_place      = [[Cave Hill Cemetery]], Louisville
| monuments          = {{plainlist|
* [[Ali Mall]]
* [[Muhammad Ali Boulevard]]
* [[Muhammad Ali Center]]
* [[Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport]]
* Muhammad Ali Statue in [[Lewiston, Maine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;shaedle&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.sunjournal.com/2025/05/31/citys-new-guardian-statue-of-muhammad-ali-challenges-encourages-reflects-lewiston/ |title=Lewiston's new guardian: Muhammad Ali statue 'challenges,' 'encourages' and 'reflects' city |work=Sun Journal |last=Shaedle |first=Zoe |date=May 31, 2025 |access-date=June 5, 2025 |archive-date=June 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602125135/https://www.sunjournal.com/2025/05/31/citys-new-guardian-statue-of-muhammad-ali-challenges-encourages-reflects-lewiston/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| citizenship        = {{plainlist|
* Amerika Serikat
* Bangladesh (basa)
}}
| education          = &lt;!-- Per MOS:INFOEDU, for graduates of post-secondary schools --&gt;
| occupation         = {{flatlist|
* Boxer
* activist
* actor
* singer
* poet
* philanthropist
* author
* orator
}}
| spouse             = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Sonji Roi|1964|1966|end=div.}}
* {{marriage|[[Belinda Boyd]]|1967|1976|end=div.}}
* {{marriage|Veronica Porché|1977|1986|end=div.}}
* {{marriage|Yolanda &quot;Lonnie&quot; Williams|1986|&lt;!--Omission per template instructions--&gt;}}
}}
| partner            = 
| children           = 9, nyengkaum [[Laila Ali|Laila]]
| parents            = {{plainlist|
* [[Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr.]]
* [[Odessa Grady Clay]]
}}
| relatives          = {{plainlist|
* [[Rahaman Ali]] (brother)
* [[Archer Alexander]] (great-great-great grandfather)
* [[Nico Ali Walsh]] (grandson)
}}
| awards             = [[List of career achievements by Muhammad Ali|Full list]]
| website            = {{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20181112191859/http://muhammadali.com:80/|muhammadali.com}}
| module             = {{Infobox boxer
| embed = yes
| name = Muhammad Ali
| height = 6 ft 3 in&lt;ref name=BoxRec&gt;{{boxrec|180}}. Retrieved June 5, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
| reach = 78 in&lt;ref name=BoxRec /&gt;
| weight = [[Heavyweight]]
| stance = [[Orthodox stance|Orthodox]]&lt;!-- This is a boxing term, not a religious one --&gt;
| total = 61
| wins = 56
| KO = 37
| losses = 5
| nickname = {{plainlist|
*The Greatest
*The People's Champion
*The Louisville Lip
}}
| medal_templates =
{{MedalSport | Men's amateur boxing}}
{{MedalCountry | {{Flagu|United States}} }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[1960 Rome]] | [[Boxing at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Light heavyweight|Light-heavyweight]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[United States Olympic Trials|US Olympic Trials]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1960 San Francisco | Light-heavyweight}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Intercity Golden Gloves]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1959 Chicago | [[List of US national Golden Gloves light heavyweight champions|Light-heavyweight]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1960 New York | [[List of US national Golden Gloves heavyweight champions|Heavyweight]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Chicago Golden Gloves]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1959 Chicago | Light-heavyweight}}
{{MedalGold | 1960 Chicago | Light-heavyweight}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[United States national amateur boxing championships|US National Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1959 Toledo | [[List of United States national amateur boxing light heavyweight champions|Light-heavyweight]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1960 Toledo | Light-heavyweight}}
}}
| signature          = Muhammad Ali signature.svg
}}

'''Muhammad Ali''' (nama ada: '''Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.''' ; 17 Januari 1942 – 3 Jun 2016) iya nya siku [[Tinju profesional|peninju profesional]] sereta aktivis Amerika. Siku ikon budaya global, dikelala mayuh enggau nama panggil &quot;'''the Greatest'''&quot;, iya suah dianggap nyadi peninju berat pemadu besai sepanjai maya. Iya megai gela berat ari majalah ''Ring'' ari taun 1964 ngagai 1970, nyadi champion ke enda ulih disangkal ari taun 1974 ngagai 1978, lalu nyadi champion berat [[Gerempung Tinju Dunya|WBA]] enggau ''Ring'' ari taun 1978 ngagai 1979. Dalam taun 1999, iya dipilih nyadi Pemain Lumba enggau Main Kurun tu ulih ''Sports Illustrated'' enggau Personaliti Lumba enggau Main Kurun tu ulih [[BBC]].

Diada ba [[Louisville, Kentucky]], iya berengkah belatih nyadi peninju amatur maya umur 12 taun. Maya umur 18 taun, iya bulih midul emas ba bagi pemerat lempung ba [[Olimpik Musin Angat 1960]] lalu nyadi profesyenal ujung taun nya. Iya nyeretai [[Nation of Islam]] (NOI) ba pun taun 1960-an, tang udah nya betukar pengarap ngagai [[Islam Sunni]] ba tengan taun 1970-an pengudah pemati ketuai lama NOI, [[Elijah Muhammad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Several Black Muslims Denounce Farrakhan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/05/us/several-black-muslims-denounce-farrakhan.html#:~:text=Black%20Muslim%20leaders%20and%20Muhammad,last%20week%20formally%20denounced%20Mr.|date=July 5, 1984|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 21, 2026|location=Section A|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iya menang ba pekit pemerat berat dunya, ngalahka [[Sonny Liston]] kena 25 Februari 1964, maya umur iya 22 taun. Dalam kandang taun nya, iya ngutuk nama pengada iya nyadi &quot;[[nama ulun]]&quot; lalu enggau formal nukar nama iya ngagai Muhammad Ali. Dalam taun 1967, Ali enggai dipilih nyadi soldadu, ketegal pengarap iya enggau etika mantah Perang Vietnam, lalu ditemu salah ketegal ngelarika diri ari nyadi soldadu lalu diluaka gelar tinju iya. Iya enda dijil seraya ngapil pemutus nya ngagai [[Kort Besai Amerika Serikat|Kort Besai]], ke alai ukum iya dikinsil ba taun 1971. Iya enda belaban semak empat taun lalu alah ba timpuh pemadu nyulut nyadi atlit. Pengawa Ali ti nyadi siku orang ti enggai enggau [[Perang Vietnam]] ketegal pengasai ati iya nyadika iya ikon ngagai budaya ngelaban ti besai agi ari rebak taun 1960-an, lalu iya nyadika siku orang ti tebilang, ti beprofil tinggi ti ngemegahka bansa ungkup [[orang Afrika Amerika]] maya [[pengawa hak sivil]] enggau sepemanjai pengawa iya.
[[Kategori:Pemati 2016]]
[[Kategori:Pengada 1942]]
[[Kategori:Sumber CS1 jaku Rusia (ru)]]
[[Kategori:Sumber CS1 jaku Ukraine (uk)]]
[[Kategori:Artikel ke bisi hCard]]
[[Kategori:Biografi ke bisi sain]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>20150</id>
      <parentid>20149</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-23T04:36:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jang Edgar</username>
        <id>20</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>20150</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6554" sha1="iwqcm4gihhojg56fwpdf5j3bokwuznt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = &lt;!-- defaults to article title when left blank --&gt;
| image              = Muhammad Ali NYWTS.jpg &lt;!--See talk page before changing image--&gt;
| caption            = Ali in 1967
| birth_name         = Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1942|1|17}}
| birth_place        = [[Louisville, Kentucky]], U.S.
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2016|6|3|1942|1|17}}
| death_place        = [[Scottsdale, Arizona]], U.S.
| resting_place      = [[Cave Hill Cemetery]], Louisville
| monuments          = {{plainlist|
* [[Ali Mall]]
* [[Muhammad Ali Boulevard]]
* [[Muhammad Ali Center]]
* [[Louisville Muhammad Ali International Airport]]
* Muhammad Ali Statue in [[Lewiston, Maine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;shaedle&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.sunjournal.com/2025/05/31/citys-new-guardian-statue-of-muhammad-ali-challenges-encourages-reflects-lewiston/ |title=Lewiston's new guardian: Muhammad Ali statue 'challenges,' 'encourages' and 'reflects' city |work=Sun Journal |last=Shaedle |first=Zoe |date=May 31, 2025 |access-date=June 5, 2025 |archive-date=June 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602125135/https://www.sunjournal.com/2025/05/31/citys-new-guardian-statue-of-muhammad-ali-challenges-encourages-reflects-lewiston/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| citizenship        = {{plainlist|
* Amerika Serikat
* Bangladesh (basa)
}}
| education          = &lt;!-- Per MOS:INFOEDU, for graduates of post-secondary schools --&gt;
| occupation         = {{flatlist|
* Boxer
* activist
* actor
* singer
* poet
* philanthropist
* author
* orator
}}
| spouse             = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Sonji Roi|1964|1966|end=div.}}
* {{marriage|[[Belinda Boyd]]|1967|1976|end=div.}}
* {{marriage|Veronica Porché|1977|1986|end=div.}}
* {{marriage|Yolanda &quot;Lonnie&quot; Williams|1986|&lt;!--Omission per template instructions--&gt;}}
}}
| partner            = 
| children           = 9, nyengkaum [[Laila Ali|Laila]]
| parents            = {{plainlist|
* [[Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr.]]
* [[Odessa Grady Clay]]
}}
| relatives          = {{plainlist|
* [[Rahaman Ali]] (brother)
* [[Archer Alexander]] (great-great-great grandfather)
* [[Nico Ali Walsh]] (grandson)
}}
| awards             = [[List of career achievements by Muhammad Ali|Full list]]
| website            = {{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20181112191859/http://muhammadali.com:80/|muhammadali.com}}
| module             = {{Infobox boxer
| embed = yes
| name = Muhammad Ali
| height = 6 ft 3 in&lt;ref name=BoxRec&gt;{{boxrec|180}}. Retrieved June 5, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;
| reach = 78 in&lt;ref name=BoxRec /&gt;
| weight = [[Heavyweight]]
| stance = [[Orthodox stance|Orthodox]]&lt;!-- This is a boxing term, not a religious one --&gt;
| total = 61
| wins = 56
| KO = 37
| losses = 5
| nickname = {{plainlist|
*The Greatest
*The People's Champion
*The Louisville Lip
}}
| medal_templates =
{{MedalSport | Men's amateur boxing}}
{{MedalCountry | {{Flagu|United States}} }}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalGold | [[1960 Rome]] | [[Boxing at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Light heavyweight|Light-heavyweight]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[United States Olympic Trials|US Olympic Trials]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1960 San Francisco | Light-heavyweight}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Intercity Golden Gloves]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1959 Chicago | [[List of US national Golden Gloves light heavyweight champions|Light-heavyweight]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1960 New York | [[List of US national Golden Gloves heavyweight champions|Heavyweight]]}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[Chicago Golden Gloves]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1959 Chicago | Light-heavyweight}}
{{MedalGold | 1960 Chicago | Light-heavyweight}}
{{MedalCompetition | [[United States national amateur boxing championships|US National Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1959 Toledo | [[List of United States national amateur boxing light heavyweight champions|Light-heavyweight]]}}
{{MedalGold | 1960 Toledo | Light-heavyweight}}
}}
| signature          = Muhammad Ali signature.svg
}}

'''Muhammad Ali''' (nama ada: '''Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.''' ; 17 Januari 1942 – 3 Jun 2016) iya nya siku [[Tinju profesional|peninju profesional]] sereta aktivis Amerika. Siku ikon budaya global, dikelala mayuh enggau nama panggil &quot;'''the Greatest'''&quot;, iya suah dianggap nyadi peninju berat pemadu besai sepanjai maya. Iya megai gela berat ari majalah ''Ring'' ari taun 1964 ngagai 1970, nyadi champion ke enda ulih disangkal ari taun 1974 ngagai 1978, lalu nyadi champion berat [[Gerempung Tinju Dunya|WBA]] enggau ''Ring'' ari taun 1978 ngagai 1979. Dalam taun 1999, iya dipilih nyadi Pemain Lumba enggau Main Kurun tu ulih ''Sports Illustrated'' enggau Personaliti Lumba enggau Main Kurun tu ulih [[BBC]].

Diada ba [[Louisville, Kentucky]], iya berengkah belatih nyadi peninju amatur maya umur 12 taun. Maya umur 18 taun, iya bulih midul emas ba bagi pemerat lempung ba [[Olimpik Musin Angat 1960]] lalu nyadi profesyenal ujung taun nya. Iya nyeretai [[Nation of Islam]] (NOI) ba pun taun 1960-an, tang udah nya betukar pengarap ngagai [[Islam Sunni]] ba tengan taun 1970-an pengudah pemati ketuai lama NOI, [[Elijah Muhammad]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Several Black Muslims Denounce Farrakhan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/07/05/us/several-black-muslims-denounce-farrakhan.html#:~:text=Black%20Muslim%20leaders%20and%20Muhammad,last%20week%20formally%20denounced%20Mr.|date=July 5, 1984|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=March 21, 2026|location=Section A|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iya menang ba pekit pemerat berat dunya, ngalahka [[Sonny Liston]] kena 25 Februari 1964, maya umur iya 22 taun. Dalam kandang taun nya, iya ngutuk nama pengada iya nyadi &quot;[[nama ulun]]&quot; lalu enggau formal nukar nama iya ngagai Muhammad Ali. Dalam taun 1967, Ali enggai dipilih nyadi soldadu, ketegal pengarap iya enggau etika mantah Perang Vietnam, lalu ditemu salah ketegal ngelarika diri ari nyadi soldadu lalu diluaka gelar tinju iya. Iya enda dijil seraya ngapil pemutus nya ngagai [[Kort Besai Amerika Serikat|Kort Besai]], ke alai ukum iya dikinsil ba taun 1971. Iya enda belaban semak empat taun lalu alah ba timpuh pemadu nyulut nyadi atlit. Pengawa Ali ti nyadi siku orang ti enggai enggau [[Perang Vietnam]] ketegal pengasai ati iya nyadika iya ikon ngagai budaya ngelaban ti besai agi ari rebak taun 1960-an, lalu iya nyadika siku orang ti tebilang, ti beprofil tinggi ti ngemegahka bansa ungkup [[orang Afrika Amerika]] maya [[pengawa hak sivil]] enggau sepemanjai pengawa iya.

==Kereban sanding==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Pemati 2016]]
[[Kategori:Pengada 1942]]</text>
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    </revision>
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