Occidental in Europa

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      <text bytes="11136" xml:space="preserve">'''Occidental''' es un lingue creat de [[Edgar de Wahl]], un baltic germano qui vivet in [[Tallinn]]. Li lingue, quel hodie ne have un movement tam important quam in li passate, ha esset principalmen studiat in [[Europa]].

== Historie per país ==

=== Austria&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/133166190/Cosmoglotta%20A%20109%20%28jul-aug%201936%29 Cosmoglotta A 109 (jul-aug 1936)]&lt;/ref&gt; ===

==== Unesim Austrian Occidental-Conferentie ====
Li Unesim Austrian Occidental-Conferentie evenit li 10. 11 e 12 april 1936 in li Hotel « zum Auge Gottes » in Wien.

Un public discurs de senior Dr. Hans Homolka pri li tema ''Pro quo Occidental? - Principal punctus del interlinguistic problema'' introductet li reuniones li 10 april (public propaganda-vésper). Li referente exposit pro quo ni un mort lingue quam Latin, ni un vivent national lingue quam Anglés, ni un artificial lingue con desfigurat parol-images quam Esperanto posse servir quam standard-lingue in scientie e tecnica o quam auxiliari lingue in comercie e trafic. Il demonstrat per convictiv argumentes li ínsuficentie del aprioristic principies, queles misductet (precipue per li grotesc exageration de un purmen schematic « facilitá ») li anteyan « lingue-fabricantes » al construction de ínnatural e ínpopulari projectes. In sam témpor il pruvat que Occidental es nullmen un artificial idioma ma in contra un natural lingue regularisat, natural in su vocabularium de ínmutilat international paroles, e regularisat pro su modern analitic minimal-grammatica, quel es scientificmen íncontestabil e aprensibil in quasi un hor. Un textu in Occidental, presentat al interessat auditoria, trovat plen aprobation. On constatat unanimmen li ínmediat comprensibiliá de Occidental e nequi del audientes dubitat, que li referente havet rason con conclusion, que Occidental, comprensibil a 300 million civilisat homes sin anteriori studie, es pro su lingual e cultural qualitás predestinat devenir li standard-lingue del international scientie, tecnica e trafic. 

Durant li discussion pos li discurs Sr. ingeniero E. Pigal con grand verve ancor un vez resumat li cultural avantages de Occ., e su grand educativ valore, quo esset incontrat con evident consense.

Li 11 april evenit li unesim oficial session del conferentie. Li honorari Presidente del Occidental-Union, senior Ing. Hans Robert Hoerbiger, fat li discurs pri li « International intercomprension in li scientific litteratura ». In impressiv maniere il demonstrat al qualificat auditorie li grand impedimentes e desfacilitás queles es causat in ti dominia per li caotic lingual situation de nor témpor. Il accentuat li necessitá del international standardisation del nomenclatura in scientie e tecnica e mentionat li labores, queles li associationes de standardisation ha interprendet, por etablisser un international terminologic code. In ti conection li referent sublineat li principies de Occidental, queles monstra li via a un satisfactori solution de ti important problema. Un lingue quel es basat sur scientificmen ínrefutabil fundamentes, quam Occidental to es, ne besona — secun senior Ing. Hoerbiger — usar li sam combatte-metodes quam li altri « artificial » idiomas. Occidental propaga se self per su inherent qualitás. Pro to li referente consiliat ne disperser li forties per combattes contra altri interlingue-sistemas e postulat in contra li propaganda per Occidental, to es li practic aplication de Occidental, quam to es fat in li Hoerbiger-lnstitut e in li Hoerbiger-Jurnale por Cosmologie. Li exposé de Sr. Ing. Hoerbiger e li numerosi explicationes e Sr. Ing. E. Pigal evocat grand aplaudimentes e fructosi discussiones, in li curs de queles un docente de  jurisprudentie (por international jure) declarat se parat sequer li exemple del Hoerbiger-Institute e usar Occidental in su archives por li comunication de su Institute. 

Soledí de Pasca, li 12 april, li Presidente del Conferentie, senior Janotta, raportat pri li organisation del austrian movement e labores del Occidental-Union e Academie. On decidet li fundation de un Austrian Occidental Federation ; poy on resoluet recomandar al Occidental-Academie mantener li etimologic (historic) grafisme e renunciar anc in futur a minu natural innovationes. Con un adresse de reverentiosi salutationes a senior de Wahl li Conferentie esset cludet.

=== Germania ===
Ja in 1930 Dr. Peipers fat eforties por fundar un german organisation del occidentalistes. Pro divers causes ti eforties esset prematurat, e in li sequent annus li politic e economic crise esset un gravissim obstacul per li movement in Germania. In ti circumstanties li sr. W. Mildebrath funat o reorganisat reorganisar li german section del Occidental-Union, malgré li culmination del crise. Li inaugural convente esset in li 8m e 9m octobre 1932 in Leipzig. Li nov organisation have li sequent membres:
* Secretariatu; Dr. Peipers.
* Administration: W. Mildebrath.
* Lettre-curses: W. Karch. 

Li 1 may 1945, li occidentalist Mildebrath demandat li autorisation reconstituer li [[German Occidental-Federation]] (''Deutscher Occidental-Bund'')&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/130954200/Cosmoglotta%20B%20083%20%28aug%201946%29 Cosmoglotta B 083 (aug 1946)]&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Hispania ===
In Hispania existet un Hispan Occidental-Association e un revúe exclusivmen in Occidental nominat ''Catalonia in lucta'' esset publicat&lt;ref&gt;[http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=e0g&amp;datum=1938&amp;page=48&amp;size=45 Cosmoglotta A 121]&lt;/ref&gt;.

Li hispan [[Vicente Costalago]] devenit membre del [[Interlingue-Union]] li 16 septembre 2020 e comensat scrir e publicar ovres in Interlingue&lt;ref&gt;Cosmoglotta 329&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Svedia&lt;ref&gt;[http://cosmoglotta.pbworks.com/w/page/132941928/Cosmoglotta A 080 (jan-feb 1932) Cosmoglotta A 080 (jan-feb 1932)]&lt;/ref&gt; ===
Li unesim articul pri Occidental in Svedia esset publicat li 1-m decembre 1927 per A. Haldin in li jurnale &quot;Eskilstuna-Kuriren&quot;. Li convictiv presentation evocat un grand interesse por Occidental inter li mult amicos del lingue international in Svedia. In li comensa de 1928 dr [[Carl-Erik Sjöstedt]] presentat Occidental in un jurnale in Uppsala e bentost un Societé Occidental esset fundat in ti cité. In li fine del annu esset organisat li Sved Occidental Federation, apert por omni occidentalistes in Scandinavia e Finlandia.

In 1928 quelc interessates in Stockholm unit se por studiar profund li nov interlingue. Por adeptes esset arangeat un special circul de studies e ti circul continua su regulari reuniones in li citean biblioteca. Durant li studies li pensa pri un Stockholman societé nascet e li 5-m decembre 1930 on decidet fundar un tal. In ti decide participat anc li conosset mundlinguist dr S.E. Krikortz. Li oficial fundation eventet li 16-m januar 1931. Durant que li studie-circul da al nov adeptes li elementari instruction, li societé labora por li general usation e propaganda del lingue. Con plesura li membres ha constatat li facilitá de Occidental in conversation con extranos, p.ex. durant li visita in li passat estive del anteyan editor de Cosmoglotta, sr J.A. Kajs de Tchecoslovakia.

Per medie de manuales, anuncias e un special curs de corespondentie, Occidental nu es plu conosset quam antey in Svedia e in divers locos on prepara fundar local societés. Post li preparatori labores del unesim annus li movement in Svedia nu ha intrat in un nov fase, durant que noi espera inregistrar ulterior progresses. Li Societé Occidental de Stockholm joya posser assister desde 1932 anc in li international labor por Occidental per li edition de Cosmoglotta, li cardinal organ del universal Occidental-movement.

=== Svissia&lt;ref name=KunzliAndres&gt;Künzli, Andres (2006) ''Universalaj Lingvoj en Svislando'', La-Chaux-de-Fonds: SES (Svisa Esperanto-Societo (SES) e CDELI (Centre de Documentation e d'Etude sur la Langue Internationale)&lt;/ref&gt; ===
In li medietá del disputas inter li idistes, li Romanda Ido-Societo comensat in 1927 studiar li argumentes del divers sistemas linguistic. Ric Berger recivet li tache de comparar ido e occidental. Il concludet que Occidental esset plu bon quam Ido&lt;ref&gt;Cosmoglotta 84/1932&lt;/ref&gt;. Mult idistes quam [[Josef Aschwanden]], [[Arnold Schrag]], [[Heinrich Nidecker]], [[Jean Denzler]] e [[Adolphe Creux]] concordat con Ric Berger e changeat a Occidental. Li 21 april 1928, li membres del Romanda Ido-Societo reunit per discusser li situation del planlingues e Adolphe Creux provat li avantages de Occidental. Post to, li [[Sviss Association por Occidental]] nascet&lt;ref name=KunzliAndres/&gt;.

In 1930 Edgar de Wahl visitat la conferentie interlinguistic de IALA in Geneve e reunit con alcun occidentalistes, inter ili Ric Berger, qui pictet le. In 1939 it esset fundat li [[Societé cooperativ del Occidental-Editiones]] (SCOED). Con li Duesim Guerre Mundal, li activitá de Occidental parat. Al final de 1941 it esset fundat li Senate del Occidental-Union, quel electet membres de landes neutral (Svedia e Svissia), inter ili Berger, Nidecker, Ritter e Matejka.

Durante alcun témpor, Ric Berger guidat li movement occidentaliste in Svissia quam unesim presidente del SAPO (til 1933), qui vell nominar le membre honorabil. Il redactet li revúe Svissia (post Helvetia). Il esset redactor de Cosmoglotta inter 1934 e 1950, colaborat con li SCOED e devenit in 1942 li vice presidente del [[Occidental-Union]].

Li activitá de Occidental in Svissia es principalmen fat per Erich Werner in li annus 2000. [[Vicente Costalago]] eat a Svissia in 2020 e, poy conossentar Claude Gacond e li [[CDELI]], il comensat publicar in Occidental.

== Lista ==
=== Organisationes actual ===
* [[Interlingue-Union]]

=== Organisationes historic ===
* Anglia
** Associationes
*** Britannic Association por Occidental
*** Interlanguage Association of Great Britain
*** British Occidental Centre
** Bulletines
*** Inter nos, bulletin mensual del British Occidental Society

* Svedia
** Associationes
*** Societé Occidental de Stockholm
*** Sved Occidental Federation
*** Sved Occidental-Editoría
** Revúes 
*** Sved Occidentalist

* Dania
** Bulletines, libres e documentes
*** Súper li frontieras
*** Interlingue-Informationes
*** Lucta de Classe
*** Occidental-Information Copenhag
*** Et internasjonalt språk de H.P. Frodelund
*** Interlingue, det moderne internationale hjaelpesprog

* Germania
** Associationes
*** German Occidental-Federation

* Francia
** Associationes
*** Association Proletari Interlinguistic
*** [[Occidental Societé de Francia]]

* Hispania
** Associationes
*** Hispan Association por Occidental
** Bulletines, libres e documentes
*** Per qué l'Occidental conserva es dobles consonants.
*** Els 5 tipus de llengua internacional. 
*** La llengua internacional i els orientals.

* Italia
** Bulletines, libres e documentes
*** [[Corso di Occidental per gli Italiani]]

* Svissia
** [[Sviss Association por Occidental]] (SAPO)

== Ligament intern ==
* [[Liste de Occidentalistes]]

== Referentie ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Cosmoglotta|Cosmoglotta A 080 (jan-feb 1932)}}
{{Interlingue}}
[[Categorie:Interlingue]]</text>
      <sha1>h7xjmh95g1bdv7pedm9nfukxoec2jzi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Grammatica de Interlingue</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14931</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-07-31T06:37:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caro de Segeda</username>
        <id>13878</id>
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      <comment>/* Verb */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="5063" xml:space="preserve">Ti-ci articul parla pri li '''grammatica de Interlingue''', un planlingue creat de [[Edgar de Wahl]] e publicat in 1922.

== Nómines ==
Li nómine porta sempre u necessi li marca del plurale &quot;-s&quot; (pos vocal) o &quot;-es&quot; (pos mult consonant).

Si necessi, li nómine es terminat per &quot;-e&quot; por distinter it del functiones altri, o es terminat per &quot;-o&quot; por marcar li masculin o &quot;-a&quot; por marcar li féminin. 

== Pronómines personal ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!
!
!masc.
!fem.
!n.
!
!
!
!mas.
!fem.
|-
!Subject
|yo
|tu
|il
|ella
|it
|noi
|vu
|ili
|(illos)
|(ellas)
|-
!Object
|me
|te
|le
|la
|it
|nos
|vos
|les
|(los)
|(las)
|}

''Remarca:'' Li pronómines ''illos'' e ''ellas'' es normalmen ne usat.

== Pronómines relativ ==
Li pronómine general es '''quel''', anc por li acusative.
: ''Li mann, quel es ci. Li mann, quel yo vide.''

Por li persones specialmen on posse usar li interrogativ pronómine '''qui'''.

== Interrogativ pronómines ==
Li interrogativ pronómines es '''qui''' por persones e '''quo''' por coses.
:: ''Qui ha venit?''

Por li pronómine ''qui'' existe un facultativ acusative '''quem'''.

== Possessives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
|-
!Pronómines
|mi(s)
|tui(s)
|su(s)
|nor(es)
|vor(es)
|lor(es)
|-
!Adjectives
|mi
|tu
|su
|nor
|vor
|lor
|}
Pos un plurale li possessives posse prender un -s: mi pom es ci; li mi'''s''' es ci. Lor libres ha arivat; li lor'''es''' ha arivat.

== Demonstratives ==
* '''ti''', a quel on adjunte, si necessi, li adverbie '''ci''' por li coses proxim o '''ta''' por li coses lontan:
: ''ti mann, ti-ci fémina, ti-ta infant.''
* Quande on vole insister sur li qualitá, on usa '''tal''', quel es li correlative de '''qual'''.
: ''qual patre, tal ﬁlio.''

== Numerales ==
* 0 null, 1 un, 2 du, 3 tri, 4 qua(d)r, 5 quin, 6 six, 7 set, 8 ott, 9 nin, 10 deci, 11 deciun, 12 decidu, etc. 20 duant, 30 triant etc. 100 cent, 500 quincent, 1000 mil, 1.000.000 million.

=== Ordinales ===
On adjunte li sufixe -esim al cardinales:
: ''duesim, settesim, duantesim''

=== Multiplicatives ===
On adjunte -(i)plic al cardinales: tri-plic, mult-i-plic.

=== Fractiones ===
1/1 un total; 1/2 un demí; 1/3 un ters; 3/4 tri quart.

Li altri fractiones es expresset per li ordinales: 5/7 quin settesimes.

=== Collectives ===
On adjunte li sufixe -ene: sixene, decene, centene.

== Tabelle del correlatives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!Por interrogar
!Por monstrar
!Indeterminat
!Negation
!Null indication
!Total
|-
!Quantitá
|quant
|tant
|alquant
|nequant
|quantcunc
|totmen
|-
!Tempore
|quande
|tande
|alquande
|nequande
|quandecunc
|sempre
|-
!Loc
|u?
|ta, ci
|alcú
|necú
|úcunc
|partú
|-
!Persones
|qui 
|ti 
|alqui 
|nequi 
|quicunc 
|omni
|-
!Coses
|quo 
|to 
|alquo 
|nequo 
|quocunc 
|omno
|-
!Persones e coses
|quel 
|tel 
|alquel 
|nequel
|quelcunc 
|chascun
|-
!Qualitá
|qual 
|tal 
|alqual 
|nequal
|qualcunc
|-
!Mode
|quam 
|tam 
|alquam 
|nequam
|quamcunc
|}

== Verb ==
Li conjugation es regulari. It existe solmen un conjugation con quar formes. Exemplification per li verbe ''amar'':

# '''ama''': null finale, li pur tema
# '''amar''' (''ama'' + ''r'')
# '''amant''' (''ama'' + ''nt'')
# '''amat''' (''ama'' + ''t'')

''Remarca:'' Si li tema fini in ''-i'', on intermette un ''-e-'': ''fini-e-nt'', ''audi-e-nt'', ''veni-e-nt'', ''mori-e-nt''.

# '''ama''' coresponde a:
## presentie de indicative activ: '''yo ama''', '''il ama''', '''vu ama''' etc.
## presentie de conjunctive activ (in quelc lingues): '''Il dí que il ama'''
## imperative: '''ama!''', '''veni!'''
# '''amar''' es li presente del infinitive activ: '''amar''', '''venir''', '''presser'''
# '''amant''' es li presente del participie activ: '''amant''', '''venient''', '''pressent'''
# '''amat''' coresponde a:
## perfecte del participie: '''amat''', '''venit''', '''Li amat patria.'''
## preterite de indicative activ: '''yo amat''', '''tu amat''', '''il amat''', '''noi amat''', '''illi amat su patria''' etc.

Li céteri témpores e modus es format analyticmen per auxiliares.

{{col-begin}}
'''Activ:'''

* perfecte: '''yo ha amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat amat'''
* future I: '''yo va amar'''
* future II: '''yo va har amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey amar'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell amar'''
* precative: '''ples amar!'''
* hortative: '''lass nos amar!'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har amat'''
* future del infinitive: '''var amar'''
* perfect del participie: '''hant amat'''
* future del participie: '''vant amar'''
{{col-break}}
'''Passiv:'''

* presente: '''yo es amat'''
* preterite: '''yo esset amat'''
* perfecte: '''yo ha esset amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat esset amat'''
* future I: '''yo va esser amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey esser amat'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell esser amat'''
* presentie del infinitive: '''esser amat'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har esset amat'''
* presentie del participie: '''essent amat'''
{{col-end}}

{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Interlingue]]</text>
      <sha1>msv1vegebx62o29wltck0t42ki3sdx3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>150444</id>
      <parentid>150443</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T06:38:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caro de Segeda</username>
        <id>13878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Verb */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5077" xml:space="preserve">Ti-ci articul parla pri li '''grammatica de Interlingue''', un planlingue creat de [[Edgar de Wahl]] e publicat in 1922.

== Nómines ==
Li nómine porta sempre u necessi li marca del plurale &quot;-s&quot; (pos vocal) o &quot;-es&quot; (pos mult consonant).

Si necessi, li nómine es terminat per &quot;-e&quot; por distinter it del functiones altri, o es terminat per &quot;-o&quot; por marcar li masculin o &quot;-a&quot; por marcar li féminin. 

== Pronómines personal ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!
!
!masc.
!fem.
!n.
!
!
!
!mas.
!fem.
|-
!Subject
|yo
|tu
|il
|ella
|it
|noi
|vu
|ili
|(illos)
|(ellas)
|-
!Object
|me
|te
|le
|la
|it
|nos
|vos
|les
|(los)
|(las)
|}

''Remarca:'' Li pronómines ''illos'' e ''ellas'' es normalmen ne usat.

== Pronómines relativ ==
Li pronómine general es '''quel''', anc por li acusative.
: ''Li mann, quel es ci. Li mann, quel yo vide.''

Por li persones specialmen on posse usar li interrogativ pronómine '''qui'''.

== Interrogativ pronómines ==
Li interrogativ pronómines es '''qui''' por persones e '''quo''' por coses.
:: ''Qui ha venit?''

Por li pronómine ''qui'' existe un facultativ acusative '''quem'''.

== Possessives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
|-
!Pronómines
|mi(s)
|tui(s)
|su(s)
|nor(es)
|vor(es)
|lor(es)
|-
!Adjectives
|mi
|tu
|su
|nor
|vor
|lor
|}
Pos un plurale li possessives posse prender un -s: mi pom es ci; li mi'''s''' es ci. Lor libres ha arivat; li lor'''es''' ha arivat.

== Demonstratives ==
* '''ti''', a quel on adjunte, si necessi, li adverbie '''ci''' por li coses proxim o '''ta''' por li coses lontan:
: ''ti mann, ti-ci fémina, ti-ta infant.''
* Quande on vole insister sur li qualitá, on usa '''tal''', quel es li correlative de '''qual'''.
: ''qual patre, tal ﬁlio.''

== Numerales ==
* 0 null, 1 un, 2 du, 3 tri, 4 qua(d)r, 5 quin, 6 six, 7 set, 8 ott, 9 nin, 10 deci, 11 deciun, 12 decidu, etc. 20 duant, 30 triant etc. 100 cent, 500 quincent, 1000 mil, 1.000.000 million.

=== Ordinales ===
On adjunte li sufixe -esim al cardinales:
: ''duesim, settesim, duantesim''

=== Multiplicatives ===
On adjunte -(i)plic al cardinales: tri-plic, mult-i-plic.

=== Fractiones ===
1/1 un total; 1/2 un demí; 1/3 un ters; 3/4 tri quart.

Li altri fractiones es expresset per li ordinales: 5/7 quin settesimes.

=== Collectives ===
On adjunte li sufixe -ene: sixene, decene, centene.

== Tabelle del correlatives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!Por interrogar
!Por monstrar
!Indeterminat
!Negation
!Null indication
!Total
|-
!Quantitá
|quant
|tant
|alquant
|nequant
|quantcunc
|totmen
|-
!Tempore
|quande
|tande
|alquande
|nequande
|quandecunc
|sempre
|-
!Loc
|u?
|ta, ci
|alcú
|necú
|úcunc
|partú
|-
!Persones
|qui 
|ti 
|alqui 
|nequi 
|quicunc 
|omni
|-
!Coses
|quo 
|to 
|alquo 
|nequo 
|quocunc 
|omno
|-
!Persones e coses
|quel 
|tel 
|alquel 
|nequel
|quelcunc 
|chascun
|-
!Qualitá
|qual 
|tal 
|alqual 
|nequal
|qualcunc
|-
!Mode
|quam 
|tam 
|alquam 
|nequam
|quamcunc
|}

== Verb ==
Li conjugation es regulari. It existe solmen un conjugation con quar formes. Exemplification per li verbe ''amar'':

# '''ama''': null finale, li pur tema
# '''amar''' (''ama'' + ''r'')
# '''amant''' (''ama'' + ''nt'')
# '''amat''' (''ama'' + ''t'')

''Remarca:'' Si li tema fini in ''-i'', on intermette un ''-e-'': ''fini-e-nt'', ''audi-e-nt'', ''veni-e-nt'', ''mori-e-nt''.

# '''ama''' coresponde a:
## presentie de indicative activ: '''yo ama''', '''il ama''', '''vu ama''' etc.
## presentie de conjunctive activ (in quelc lingues): '''Il dí que il ama'''
## imperative: '''ama!''', '''veni!'''
# '''amar''' es li presente del infinitive activ: '''amar''', '''venir''', '''presser'''
# '''amant''' es li presente del participie activ: '''amant''', '''venient''', '''pressent'''
# '''amat''' coresponde a:
## perfecte del participie: '''amat''', '''venit''', '''Li amat patria.'''
## preterite de indicative activ: '''yo amat''', '''tu amat''', '''il amat''', '''noi amat''', '''illi amat su patria''' etc.

Li céteri témpores e modus es format analyticmen per auxiliares.

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Activ:'''

* perfecte: '''yo ha amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat amat'''
* future I: '''yo va amar'''
* future II: '''yo va har amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey amar'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell amar'''
* precative: '''ples amar!'''
* hortative: '''lass nos amar!'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har amat'''
* future del infinitive: '''var amar'''
* perfect del participie: '''hant amat'''
* future del participie: '''vant amar'''
{{col-break}}
'''Passiv:'''

* presente: '''yo es amat'''
* preterite: '''yo esset amat'''
* perfecte: '''yo ha esset amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat esset amat'''
* future I: '''yo va esser amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey esser amat'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell esser amat'''
* presentie del infinitive: '''esser amat'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har esset amat'''
* presentie del participie: '''essent amat'''
{{col-end}}

{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Interlingue]]</text>
      <sha1>qhcxbr2xyod3182iusr1f6q55sed4by</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>150445</id>
      <parentid>150444</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T06:41:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caro de Segeda</username>
        <id>13878</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8218" xml:space="preserve">Ti-ci articul parla pri li '''grammatica de Interlingue''', un planlingue creat de [[Edgar de Wahl]] e publicat in 1922.

== Nómines ==
Li nómine porta sempre u necessi li marca del plurale &quot;-s&quot; (pos vocal) o &quot;-es&quot; (pos mult consonant).

Si necessi, li nómine es terminat per &quot;-e&quot; por distinter it del functiones altri, o es terminat per &quot;-o&quot; por marcar li masculin o &quot;-a&quot; por marcar li féminin. 

== Pronómines personal ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!
!
!masc.
!fem.
!n.
!
!
!
!mas.
!fem.
|-
!Subject
|yo
|tu
|il
|ella
|it
|noi
|vu
|ili
|(illos)
|(ellas)
|-
!Object
|me
|te
|le
|la
|it
|nos
|vos
|les
|(los)
|(las)
|}

''Remarca:'' Li pronómines ''illos'' e ''ellas'' es normalmen ne usat.

== Pronómines relativ ==
Li pronómine general es '''quel''', anc por li acusative.
: ''Li mann, quel es ci. Li mann, quel yo vide.''

Por li persones specialmen on posse usar li interrogativ pronómine '''qui'''.

== Interrogativ pronómines ==
Li interrogativ pronómines es '''qui''' por persones e '''quo''' por coses.
:: ''Qui ha venit?''

Por li pronómine ''qui'' existe un facultativ acusative '''quem'''.

== Possessives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
|-
!Pronómines
|mi(s)
|tui(s)
|su(s)
|nor(es)
|vor(es)
|lor(es)
|-
!Adjectives
|mi
|tu
|su
|nor
|vor
|lor
|}
Pos un plurale li possessives posse prender un -s: mi pom es ci; li mi'''s''' es ci. Lor libres ha arivat; li lor'''es''' ha arivat.

== Demonstratives ==
* '''ti''', a quel on adjunte, si necessi, li adverbie '''ci''' por li coses proxim o '''ta''' por li coses lontan:
: ''ti mann, ti-ci fémina, ti-ta infant.''
* Quande on vole insister sur li qualitá, on usa '''tal''', quel es li correlative de '''qual'''.
: ''qual patre, tal ﬁlio.''

== Numerales ==
* 0 null, 1 un, 2 du, 3 tri, 4 qua(d)r, 5 quin, 6 six, 7 set, 8 ott, 9 nin, 10 deci, 11 deciun, 12 decidu, etc. 20 duant, 30 triant etc. 100 cent, 500 quincent, 1000 mil, 1.000.000 million.

=== Ordinales ===
On adjunte li sufixe -esim al cardinales:
: ''duesim, settesim, duantesim''

=== Multiplicatives ===
On adjunte -(i)plic al cardinales: tri-plic, mult-i-plic.

=== Fractiones ===
1/1 un total; 1/2 un demí; 1/3 un ters; 3/4 tri quart.

Li altri fractiones es expresset per li ordinales: 5/7 quin settesimes.

=== Collectives ===
On adjunte li sufixe -ene: sixene, decene, centene.

== Tabelle del correlatives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!Por interrogar
!Por monstrar
!Indeterminat
!Negation
!Null indication
!Total
|-
!Quantitá
|quant
|tant
|alquant
|nequant
|quantcunc
|totmen
|-
!Tempore
|quande
|tande
|alquande
|nequande
|quandecunc
|sempre
|-
!Loc
|u?
|ta, ci
|alcú
|necú
|úcunc
|partú
|-
!Persones
|qui 
|ti 
|alqui 
|nequi 
|quicunc 
|omni
|-
!Coses
|quo 
|to 
|alquo 
|nequo 
|quocunc 
|omno
|-
!Persones e coses
|quel 
|tel 
|alquel 
|nequel
|quelcunc 
|chascun
|-
!Qualitá
|qual 
|tal 
|alqual 
|nequal
|qualcunc
|-
!Mode
|quam 
|tam 
|alquam 
|nequam
|quamcunc
|}

== Verb ==
Li conjugation es regulari. It existe solmen un conjugation con quar formes. Exemplification per li verbe ''amar'':

# '''ama''': null finale, li pur tema
# '''amar''' (''ama'' + ''r'')
# '''amant''' (''ama'' + ''nt'')
# '''amat''' (''ama'' + ''t'')

''Remarca:'' Si li tema fini in ''-i'', on intermette un ''-e-'': ''fini-e-nt'', ''audi-e-nt'', ''veni-e-nt'', ''mori-e-nt''.

# '''ama''' coresponde a:
## presentie de indicative activ: '''yo ama''', '''il ama''', '''vu ama''' etc.
## presentie de conjunctive activ (in quelc lingues): '''Il dí que il ama'''
## imperative: '''ama!''', '''veni!'''
# '''amar''' es li presente del infinitive activ: '''amar''', '''venir''', '''presser'''
# '''amant''' es li presente del participie activ: '''amant''', '''venient''', '''pressent'''
# '''amat''' coresponde a:
## perfecte del participie: '''amat''', '''venit''', '''Li amat patria.'''
## preterite de indicative activ: '''yo amat''', '''tu amat''', '''il amat''', '''noi amat''', '''illi amat su patria''' etc.

Li céteri témpores e modus es format analyticmen per auxiliares.

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Activ:'''

* perfecte: '''yo ha amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat amat'''
* future I: '''yo va amar'''
* future II: '''yo va har amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey amar'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell amar'''
* precative: '''ples amar!'''
* hortative: '''lass nos amar!'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har amat'''
* future del infinitive: '''var amar'''
* perfect del participie: '''hant amat'''
* future del participie: '''vant amar'''
{{col-break}}
'''Passiv:'''

* presente: '''yo es amat'''
* preterite: '''yo esset amat'''
* perfecte: '''yo ha esset amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat esset amat'''
* future I: '''yo va esser amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey esser amat'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell esser amat'''
* presentie del infinitive: '''esser amat'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har esset amat'''
* presentie del participie: '''essent amat'''
{{col-end}}

== Parolformation ==
Nov paroles in Interlingue es format per:
* Adjuntion de desinenties.
* Adjuntion de prefixes.
* Adjuntion de sufixes.
* Composition de du o pluri paroles.

=== Afixes ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!affix
!meaning
!affixed to
!before affix
!after affix
!notes
|-
| -abil/-ibil
|able
|verbal root
|posser (to be able)
|possibil (possible)
| -abil for -ar verbs, -ibil for -er and -ir verbs
|-
| -ada/-ida
| -ade
|verbal root
|promenar (to stroll)
|promenada (a walk, a promenade)
| -ada for -ar verbs, -ida for -er and -ir verbs
|-
| -ach-
|pejorative
|verbal root
|criticar (criticize)
|criticachar (complain, whine)
|
|-
| -ar
|general verb
|noun, adjective
|sicc (dry)
|siccar (to dry)
|General verb final in most cases for all modern verbs
|-
| -ard
|pejorative noun suffix
|verbal root
|furter (steal)
|furtard (thief)
|
|-
|bel-
|kinship by marriage
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|belfratre (brother-in-law)
|
|-
|des-
|cessation
|various
|infectar (infect)
avantage (advantage)
|desinfectar (disinfect)
desavantage (disadvantage)
|
|-
|dis-
|separation, dispersion
|various
|membre (member)
semar (sow, seminate)
|dismembrar (dismember)
dissemar (disseminate)
|
|-
| -er-
|doer of verb
|verbal root
|lavar (wash)
|lavere / lavera / lavero (washer)
| -a or -o to specify female or male gender
|-
| -ette
|diminutive
|noun
|dom (house)
|domette (cottage)
|
|-
|ex-
|ex-
|noun
|presidente (president)
|ex-presidente (ex-president)
|
|-
|ho-
|this
|noun
|semane (week)
|ho-semane (this week)
|
|-
| -illio
|caressive
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|fratrillio (bro)
|affixed to male nouns
|-
|ín-
|in-, un-, etc.
|adjective
|credibil (believable)
|íncredibil (unbelievable)
|
|-
| -innia
|caressive
|noun
|matre (mother)
|matrinnia (mom/mommy)
|affixed to female nouns
|-
| -ion
| -ion
|perfect theme
|crear (create)
|creation (creation)
|
|-
| -iv
| -ive
|perfect theme
|exploder (explode)
|explosiv (explosive)
|perfect theme: explod-er → explod → explos
|-
| -ment
| -ment
|present theme
|experir (to experience)
|experiment (experiment)
|
|-
|mi-
|half
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|mifratre (half-brother)
|
|-
|mis-
|false (mis-)
|various
|comprender (understand)
|miscomprender (misunderstand)
|
|-
|non-
|non-
|noun
|fumator (smoker)
|nonfumator (non-smoker)
|
|-
| -ntie
| -nce
|present theme
|tolerar (tolerate)
experir (to experience)
|tolerantie (tolerance)
experientie (experience)
| -ir verbs add an e: ir → ientie
|-
| -or
| -er, -or
|perfect theme
|distribuer (distribute)
|distributor (distributor)
|
|-
| -ori
| -ory
|perfect theme
|currer (run)
|cursori (cursory)
|perfect theme: curr-er → curr → curs
|-
|per-
|through, all the way
|verb
|forar (pierce)
|perforar (perforate)
|
|-
|pre-
|before
|various
|historie (history)
|prehistorie (prehistory)
|
|-
|pro-
|to the front
|verb
|ducter (lead)
|producter (produce)
|
|-
|re-
|re-
|verb
|venir (come)
|revenir (return)
|
|-
|step-
|step-
|noun
|matre (mother)
|stepmatre (stepmother)
|
|-
| -ura
| -ure
|perfect theme
|scrir (write)
|scritura (scripture)
|
|}

== Ligament extern ==
* [http://www.panix.com/~bartlett/Haas.html Grammatica de interlingue]

{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Interlingue]]</text>
      <sha1>e5oaa9ypswcdpvguwqj475anvzcpsx9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>150446</id>
      <parentid>150445</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T06:41:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caro de Segeda</username>
        <id>13878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Afixes */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8224" xml:space="preserve">Ti-ci articul parla pri li '''grammatica de Interlingue''', un planlingue creat de [[Edgar de Wahl]] e publicat in 1922.

== Nómines ==
Li nómine porta sempre u necessi li marca del plurale &quot;-s&quot; (pos vocal) o &quot;-es&quot; (pos mult consonant).

Si necessi, li nómine es terminat per &quot;-e&quot; por distinter it del functiones altri, o es terminat per &quot;-o&quot; por marcar li masculin o &quot;-a&quot; por marcar li féminin. 

== Pronómines personal ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!
!
!masc.
!fem.
!n.
!
!
!
!mas.
!fem.
|-
!Subject
|yo
|tu
|il
|ella
|it
|noi
|vu
|ili
|(illos)
|(ellas)
|-
!Object
|me
|te
|le
|la
|it
|nos
|vos
|les
|(los)
|(las)
|}

''Remarca:'' Li pronómines ''illos'' e ''ellas'' es normalmen ne usat.

== Pronómines relativ ==
Li pronómine general es '''quel''', anc por li acusative.
: ''Li mann, quel es ci. Li mann, quel yo vide.''

Por li persones specialmen on posse usar li interrogativ pronómine '''qui'''.

== Interrogativ pronómines ==
Li interrogativ pronómines es '''qui''' por persones e '''quo''' por coses.
:: ''Qui ha venit?''

Por li pronómine ''qui'' existe un facultativ acusative '''quem'''.

== Possessives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
|-
!Pronómines
|mi(s)
|tui(s)
|su(s)
|nor(es)
|vor(es)
|lor(es)
|-
!Adjectives
|mi
|tu
|su
|nor
|vor
|lor
|}
Pos un plurale li possessives posse prender un -s: mi pom es ci; li mi'''s''' es ci. Lor libres ha arivat; li lor'''es''' ha arivat.

== Demonstratives ==
* '''ti''', a quel on adjunte, si necessi, li adverbie '''ci''' por li coses proxim o '''ta''' por li coses lontan:
: ''ti mann, ti-ci fémina, ti-ta infant.''
* Quande on vole insister sur li qualitá, on usa '''tal''', quel es li correlative de '''qual'''.
: ''qual patre, tal ﬁlio.''

== Numerales ==
* 0 null, 1 un, 2 du, 3 tri, 4 qua(d)r, 5 quin, 6 six, 7 set, 8 ott, 9 nin, 10 deci, 11 deciun, 12 decidu, etc. 20 duant, 30 triant etc. 100 cent, 500 quincent, 1000 mil, 1.000.000 million.

=== Ordinales ===
On adjunte li sufixe -esim al cardinales:
: ''duesim, settesim, duantesim''

=== Multiplicatives ===
On adjunte -(i)plic al cardinales: tri-plic, mult-i-plic.

=== Fractiones ===
1/1 un total; 1/2 un demí; 1/3 un ters; 3/4 tri quart.

Li altri fractiones es expresset per li ordinales: 5/7 quin settesimes.

=== Collectives ===
On adjunte li sufixe -ene: sixene, decene, centene.

== Tabelle del correlatives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!Por interrogar
!Por monstrar
!Indeterminat
!Negation
!Null indication
!Total
|-
!Quantitá
|quant
|tant
|alquant
|nequant
|quantcunc
|totmen
|-
!Tempore
|quande
|tande
|alquande
|nequande
|quandecunc
|sempre
|-
!Loc
|u?
|ta, ci
|alcú
|necú
|úcunc
|partú
|-
!Persones
|qui 
|ti 
|alqui 
|nequi 
|quicunc 
|omni
|-
!Coses
|quo 
|to 
|alquo 
|nequo 
|quocunc 
|omno
|-
!Persones e coses
|quel 
|tel 
|alquel 
|nequel
|quelcunc 
|chascun
|-
!Qualitá
|qual 
|tal 
|alqual 
|nequal
|qualcunc
|-
!Mode
|quam 
|tam 
|alquam 
|nequam
|quamcunc
|}

== Verb ==
Li conjugation es regulari. It existe solmen un conjugation con quar formes. Exemplification per li verbe ''amar'':

# '''ama''': null finale, li pur tema
# '''amar''' (''ama'' + ''r'')
# '''amant''' (''ama'' + ''nt'')
# '''amat''' (''ama'' + ''t'')

''Remarca:'' Si li tema fini in ''-i'', on intermette un ''-e-'': ''fini-e-nt'', ''audi-e-nt'', ''veni-e-nt'', ''mori-e-nt''.

# '''ama''' coresponde a:
## presentie de indicative activ: '''yo ama''', '''il ama''', '''vu ama''' etc.
## presentie de conjunctive activ (in quelc lingues): '''Il dí que il ama'''
## imperative: '''ama!''', '''veni!'''
# '''amar''' es li presente del infinitive activ: '''amar''', '''venir''', '''presser'''
# '''amant''' es li presente del participie activ: '''amant''', '''venient''', '''pressent'''
# '''amat''' coresponde a:
## perfecte del participie: '''amat''', '''venit''', '''Li amat patria.'''
## preterite de indicative activ: '''yo amat''', '''tu amat''', '''il amat''', '''noi amat''', '''illi amat su patria''' etc.

Li céteri témpores e modus es format analyticmen per auxiliares.

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Activ:'''

* perfecte: '''yo ha amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat amat'''
* future I: '''yo va amar'''
* future II: '''yo va har amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey amar'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell amar'''
* precative: '''ples amar!'''
* hortative: '''lass nos amar!'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har amat'''
* future del infinitive: '''var amar'''
* perfect del participie: '''hant amat'''
* future del participie: '''vant amar'''
{{col-break}}
'''Passiv:'''

* presente: '''yo es amat'''
* preterite: '''yo esset amat'''
* perfecte: '''yo ha esset amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat esset amat'''
* future I: '''yo va esser amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey esser amat'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell esser amat'''
* presentie del infinitive: '''esser amat'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har esset amat'''
* presentie del participie: '''essent amat'''
{{col-end}}

== Parolformation ==
Nov paroles in Interlingue es format per:
* Adjuntion de desinenties.
* Adjuntion de prefixes.
* Adjuntion de sufixes.
* Composition de du o pluri paroles.

=== Afixes ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!afixe
!signification
!afixat a
!ante li afixe
!pos li afixe
!notas
|-
| -abil/-ibil
|able
|verbal root
|posser (to be able)
|possibil (possible)
| -abil for -ar verbs, -ibil for -er and -ir verbs
|-
| -ada/-ida
| -ade
|verbal root
|promenar (to stroll)
|promenada (a walk, a promenade)
| -ada for -ar verbs, -ida for -er and -ir verbs
|-
| -ach-
|pejorative
|verbal root
|criticar (criticize)
|criticachar (complain, whine)
|
|-
| -ar
|general verb
|noun, adjective
|sicc (dry)
|siccar (to dry)
|General verb final in most cases for all modern verbs
|-
| -ard
|pejorative noun suffix
|verbal root
|furter (steal)
|furtard (thief)
|
|-
|bel-
|kinship by marriage
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|belfratre (brother-in-law)
|
|-
|des-
|cessation
|various
|infectar (infect)
avantage (advantage)
|desinfectar (disinfect)
desavantage (disadvantage)
|
|-
|dis-
|separation, dispersion
|various
|membre (member)
semar (sow, seminate)
|dismembrar (dismember)
dissemar (disseminate)
|
|-
| -er-
|doer of verb
|verbal root
|lavar (wash)
|lavere / lavera / lavero (washer)
| -a or -o to specify female or male gender
|-
| -ette
|diminutive
|noun
|dom (house)
|domette (cottage)
|
|-
|ex-
|ex-
|noun
|presidente (president)
|ex-presidente (ex-president)
|
|-
|ho-
|this
|noun
|semane (week)
|ho-semane (this week)
|
|-
| -illio
|caressive
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|fratrillio (bro)
|affixed to male nouns
|-
|ín-
|in-, un-, etc.
|adjective
|credibil (believable)
|íncredibil (unbelievable)
|
|-
| -innia
|caressive
|noun
|matre (mother)
|matrinnia (mom/mommy)
|affixed to female nouns
|-
| -ion
| -ion
|perfect theme
|crear (create)
|creation (creation)
|
|-
| -iv
| -ive
|perfect theme
|exploder (explode)
|explosiv (explosive)
|perfect theme: explod-er → explod → explos
|-
| -ment
| -ment
|present theme
|experir (to experience)
|experiment (experiment)
|
|-
|mi-
|half
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|mifratre (half-brother)
|
|-
|mis-
|false (mis-)
|various
|comprender (understand)
|miscomprender (misunderstand)
|
|-
|non-
|non-
|noun
|fumator (smoker)
|nonfumator (non-smoker)
|
|-
| -ntie
| -nce
|present theme
|tolerar (tolerate)
experir (to experience)
|tolerantie (tolerance)
experientie (experience)
| -ir verbs add an e: ir → ientie
|-
| -or
| -er, -or
|perfect theme
|distribuer (distribute)
|distributor (distributor)
|
|-
| -ori
| -ory
|perfect theme
|currer (run)
|cursori (cursory)
|perfect theme: curr-er → curr → curs
|-
|per-
|through, all the way
|verb
|forar (pierce)
|perforar (perforate)
|
|-
|pre-
|before
|various
|historie (history)
|prehistorie (prehistory)
|
|-
|pro-
|to the front
|verb
|ducter (lead)
|producter (produce)
|
|-
|re-
|re-
|verb
|venir (come)
|revenir (return)
|
|-
|step-
|step-
|noun
|matre (mother)
|stepmatre (stepmother)
|
|-
| -ura
| -ure
|perfect theme
|scrir (write)
|scritura (scripture)
|
|}

== Ligament extern ==
* [http://www.panix.com/~bartlett/Haas.html Grammatica de interlingue]

{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Interlingue]]</text>
      <sha1>jo53u2fg3ip5duhu38ypz1y9w56d64a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>150447</id>
      <parentid>150446</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T06:45:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caro de Segeda</username>
        <id>13878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Parolformation */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8965" xml:space="preserve">Ti-ci articul parla pri li '''grammatica de Interlingue''', un planlingue creat de [[Edgar de Wahl]] e publicat in 1922.

== Nómines ==
Li nómine porta sempre u necessi li marca del plurale &quot;-s&quot; (pos vocal) o &quot;-es&quot; (pos mult consonant).

Si necessi, li nómine es terminat per &quot;-e&quot; por distinter it del functiones altri, o es terminat per &quot;-o&quot; por marcar li masculin o &quot;-a&quot; por marcar li féminin. 

== Pronómines personal ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!
!
!masc.
!fem.
!n.
!
!
!
!mas.
!fem.
|-
!Subject
|yo
|tu
|il
|ella
|it
|noi
|vu
|ili
|(illos)
|(ellas)
|-
!Object
|me
|te
|le
|la
|it
|nos
|vos
|les
|(los)
|(las)
|}

''Remarca:'' Li pronómines ''illos'' e ''ellas'' es normalmen ne usat.

== Pronómines relativ ==
Li pronómine general es '''quel''', anc por li acusative.
: ''Li mann, quel es ci. Li mann, quel yo vide.''

Por li persones specialmen on posse usar li interrogativ pronómine '''qui'''.

== Interrogativ pronómines ==
Li interrogativ pronómines es '''qui''' por persones e '''quo''' por coses.
:: ''Qui ha venit?''

Por li pronómine ''qui'' existe un facultativ acusative '''quem'''.

== Possessives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
|-
!Pronómines
|mi(s)
|tui(s)
|su(s)
|nor(es)
|vor(es)
|lor(es)
|-
!Adjectives
|mi
|tu
|su
|nor
|vor
|lor
|}
Pos un plurale li possessives posse prender un -s: mi pom es ci; li mi'''s''' es ci. Lor libres ha arivat; li lor'''es''' ha arivat.

== Demonstratives ==
* '''ti''', a quel on adjunte, si necessi, li adverbie '''ci''' por li coses proxim o '''ta''' por li coses lontan:
: ''ti mann, ti-ci fémina, ti-ta infant.''
* Quande on vole insister sur li qualitá, on usa '''tal''', quel es li correlative de '''qual'''.
: ''qual patre, tal ﬁlio.''

== Numerales ==
* 0 null, 1 un, 2 du, 3 tri, 4 qua(d)r, 5 quin, 6 six, 7 set, 8 ott, 9 nin, 10 deci, 11 deciun, 12 decidu, etc. 20 duant, 30 triant etc. 100 cent, 500 quincent, 1000 mil, 1.000.000 million.

=== Ordinales ===
On adjunte li sufixe -esim al cardinales:
: ''duesim, settesim, duantesim''

=== Multiplicatives ===
On adjunte -(i)plic al cardinales: tri-plic, mult-i-plic.

=== Fractiones ===
1/1 un total; 1/2 un demí; 1/3 un ters; 3/4 tri quart.

Li altri fractiones es expresset per li ordinales: 5/7 quin settesimes.

=== Collectives ===
On adjunte li sufixe -ene: sixene, decene, centene.

== Tabelle del correlatives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!Por interrogar
!Por monstrar
!Indeterminat
!Negation
!Null indication
!Total
|-
!Quantitá
|quant
|tant
|alquant
|nequant
|quantcunc
|totmen
|-
!Tempore
|quande
|tande
|alquande
|nequande
|quandecunc
|sempre
|-
!Loc
|u?
|ta, ci
|alcú
|necú
|úcunc
|partú
|-
!Persones
|qui 
|ti 
|alqui 
|nequi 
|quicunc 
|omni
|-
!Coses
|quo 
|to 
|alquo 
|nequo 
|quocunc 
|omno
|-
!Persones e coses
|quel 
|tel 
|alquel 
|nequel
|quelcunc 
|chascun
|-
!Qualitá
|qual 
|tal 
|alqual 
|nequal
|qualcunc
|-
!Mode
|quam 
|tam 
|alquam 
|nequam
|quamcunc
|}

== Verb ==
Li conjugation es regulari. It existe solmen un conjugation con quar formes. Exemplification per li verbe ''amar'':

# '''ama''': null finale, li pur tema
# '''amar''' (''ama'' + ''r'')
# '''amant''' (''ama'' + ''nt'')
# '''amat''' (''ama'' + ''t'')

''Remarca:'' Si li tema fini in ''-i'', on intermette un ''-e-'': ''fini-e-nt'', ''audi-e-nt'', ''veni-e-nt'', ''mori-e-nt''.

# '''ama''' coresponde a:
## presentie de indicative activ: '''yo ama''', '''il ama''', '''vu ama''' etc.
## presentie de conjunctive activ (in quelc lingues): '''Il dí que il ama'''
## imperative: '''ama!''', '''veni!'''
# '''amar''' es li presente del infinitive activ: '''amar''', '''venir''', '''presser'''
# '''amant''' es li presente del participie activ: '''amant''', '''venient''', '''pressent'''
# '''amat''' coresponde a:
## perfecte del participie: '''amat''', '''venit''', '''Li amat patria.'''
## preterite de indicative activ: '''yo amat''', '''tu amat''', '''il amat''', '''noi amat''', '''illi amat su patria''' etc.

Li céteri témpores e modus es format analyticmen per auxiliares.

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Activ:'''

* perfecte: '''yo ha amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat amat'''
* future I: '''yo va amar'''
* future II: '''yo va har amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey amar'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell amar'''
* precative: '''ples amar!'''
* hortative: '''lass nos amar!'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har amat'''
* future del infinitive: '''var amar'''
* perfect del participie: '''hant amat'''
* future del participie: '''vant amar'''
{{col-break}}
'''Passiv:'''

* presente: '''yo es amat'''
* preterite: '''yo esset amat'''
* perfecte: '''yo ha esset amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat esset amat'''
* future I: '''yo va esser amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey esser amat'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell esser amat'''
* presentie del infinitive: '''esser amat'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har esset amat'''
* presentie del participie: '''essent amat'''
{{col-end}}

== Parolformation ==
Nov paroles in Interlingue es format per:
* Adjuntion de desinenties.
* Adjuntion de prefixes.
* Adjuntion de sufixes.
* Composition de du o pluri paroles.

=== Afixes ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!afixe
!signification
!afixat a
!ante li afixe
!pos li afixe
!notas
|-
| -abil/-ibil
|able
|verbal root
|posser (to be able)
|possibil (possible)
| -abil for -ar verbs, -ibil for -er and -ir verbs
|-
| -ada/-ida
| -ade
|verbal root
|promenar (to stroll)
|promenada (a walk, a promenade)
| -ada for -ar verbs, -ida for -er and -ir verbs
|-
| -ach-
|pejorative
|verbal root
|criticar (criticize)
|criticachar (complain, whine)
|
|-
| -ar
|general verb
|noun, adjective
|sicc (dry)
|siccar (to dry)
|General verb final in most cases for all modern verbs
|-
| -ard
|pejorative noun suffix
|verbal root
|furter (steal)
|furtard (thief)
|
|-
|bel-
|kinship by marriage
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|belfratre (brother-in-law)
|
|-
|des-
|cessation
|various
|infectar (infect)
avantage (advantage)
|desinfectar (disinfect)
desavantage (disadvantage)
|
|-
|dis-
|separation, dispersion
|various
|membre (member)
semar (sow, seminate)
|dismembrar (dismember)
dissemar (disseminate)
|
|-
| -er-
|doer of verb
|verbal root
|lavar (wash)
|lavere / lavera / lavero (washer)
| -a or -o to specify female or male gender
|-
| -ette
|diminutive
|noun
|dom (house)
|domette (cottage)
|
|-
|ex-
|ex-
|noun
|presidente (president)
|ex-presidente (ex-president)
|
|-
|ho-
|this
|noun
|semane (week)
|ho-semane (this week)
|
|-
| -illio
|caressive
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|fratrillio (bro)
|affixed to male nouns
|-
|ín-
|in-, un-, etc.
|adjective
|credibil (believable)
|íncredibil (unbelievable)
|
|-
| -innia
|caressive
|noun
|matre (mother)
|matrinnia (mom/mommy)
|affixed to female nouns
|-
| -ion
| -ion
|perfect theme
|crear (create)
|creation (creation)
|
|-
| -iv
| -ive
|perfect theme
|exploder (explode)
|explosiv (explosive)
|perfect theme: explod-er → explod → explos
|-
| -ment
| -ment
|present theme
|experir (to experience)
|experiment (experiment)
|
|-
|mi-
|half
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|mifratre (half-brother)
|
|-
|mis-
|false (mis-)
|various
|comprender (understand)
|miscomprender (misunderstand)
|
|-
|non-
|non-
|noun
|fumator (smoker)
|nonfumator (non-smoker)
|
|-
| -ntie
| -nce
|present theme
|tolerar (tolerate)
experir (to experience)
|tolerantie (tolerance)
experientie (experience)
| -ir verbs add an e: ir → ientie
|-
| -or
| -er, -or
|perfect theme
|distribuer (distribute)
|distributor (distributor)
|
|-
| -ori
| -ory
|perfect theme
|currer (run)
|cursori (cursory)
|perfect theme: curr-er → curr → curs
|-
|per-
|through, all the way
|verb
|forar (pierce)
|perforar (perforate)
|
|-
|pre-
|before
|various
|historie (history)
|prehistorie (prehistory)
|
|-
|pro-
|to the front
|verb
|ducter (lead)
|producter (produce)
|
|-
|re-
|re-
|verb
|venir (come)
|revenir (return)
|
|-
|step-
|step-
|noun
|matre (mother)
|stepmatre (stepmother)
|
|-
| -ura
| -ure
|perfect theme
|scrir (write)
|scritura (scripture)
|
|}

== Interpunction ==
Li signes de interpunction in Interlingue es:
* Li punctu (.), quel indica un stoppa passabilmen grand. It es usat por separar complet frases, expressent un pensa terminat.
* Li punctu-comma (;) indica un stoppa min grand. It es usat por separar complet frases con pensas coherent.
* Li comma (,) indica li minim grand stoppa. It es usat por separar li divers partes de un frase composit, o divers frases coherent tam mult, que on ne vole separar les per un punctu o punctu-comma.
* Por indicar li paroles maxim important del frase on posse usar li accentu scrit.
** Yó ea con la (ne tú).
** Yo éa con la (yo ne fa quam li altris, queles né ea con la).
** Yo ea con élla (ne con li áltris). Save vu, de u il veni?

== Ligament extern ==
* [http://www.panix.com/~bartlett/Haas.html Grammatica de interlingue]

{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Interlingue]]</text>
      <sha1>buvofrnzz3f3sg0dfvixfkol65aa48x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>150448</id>
      <parentid>150447</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T06:50:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caro de Segeda</username>
        <id>13878</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10207" xml:space="preserve">Ti-ci articul parla pri li '''grammatica de Interlingue''', un planlingue creat de [[Edgar de Wahl]] e publicat in 1922.

== Nómines ==
Li nómine porta sempre u necessi li marca del plurale &quot;-s&quot; (pos vocal) o &quot;-es&quot; (pos mult consonant).

Si necessi, li nómine es terminat per &quot;-e&quot; por distinter it del functiones altri, o es terminat per &quot;-o&quot; por marcar li masculin o &quot;-a&quot; por marcar li féminin. 

== Adjectives ==
Li adjective es ínvariabil in génere e númere. Mult adjectives fini per -i. To es por fixar li corect pronunciation del ultim consonant, e pro distinction pos tipic finales substantivic e infinitivic: felici, sagi, porosi, organisatori, amari.

Mult adjectives posse facilmen esser substantivat per adjuntion del finales -e, -o, -a: yun, yune, yunes, yunos, yunas.

Por formar un substantive expressent li general idé de un qualitá on adjunte li finale -um: li novum, li bellum.

Quande li adjective es usat sin substantive e on deve pro cert rasones indicar li plurale, on adjunte -s, pos consonantes intercalante li -i- eufonic, u to es possibil sin changear li pronunciation: Vi pomes, prende li maturis.

=== Comparation ===
Por li ''comparative'' on indica
* li egalitá per tam - quam
* li majoritá per plu - quam
* li minoritá per minu (min) - quam

Por li '''superlative''' on indica
* li majoritá per maxim (max)
* li minoritá per minim.

Por li '''superlative absolut''' on usa: tre, o li sufix: -issim: tre grand, grandissim.

Por comparar tri o pluri gradus on usa: grand, plu grand, mem plu grand, plu grand ancor, mem plu grand ancor.

In omni comparationes on usa: quam: egalmen quam, altrimen quam.

== Pronómines personal ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!
!
!masc.
!fem.
!n.
!
!
!
!mas.
!fem.
|-
!Subject
|yo
|tu
|il
|ella
|it
|noi
|vu
|ili
|(illos)
|(ellas)
|-
!Object
|me
|te
|le
|la
|it
|nos
|vos
|les
|(los)
|(las)
|}

''Remarca:'' Li pronómines ''illos'' e ''ellas'' es normalmen ne usat.

== Pronómines relativ ==
Li pronómine general es '''quel''', anc por li acusative.
: ''Li mann, quel es ci. Li mann, quel yo vide.''

Por li persones specialmen on posse usar li interrogativ pronómine '''qui'''.

== Interrogativ pronómines ==
Li interrogativ pronómines es '''qui''' por persones e '''quo''' por coses.
:: ''Qui ha venit?''

Por li pronómine ''qui'' existe un facultativ acusative '''quem'''.

== Possessives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
|-
!Pronómines
|mi(s)
|tui(s)
|su(s)
|nor(es)
|vor(es)
|lor(es)
|-
!Adjectives
|mi
|tu
|su
|nor
|vor
|lor
|}
Pos un plurale li possessives posse prender un -s: mi pom es ci; li mi'''s''' es ci. Lor libres ha arivat; li lor'''es''' ha arivat.

== Demonstratives ==
* '''ti''', a quel on adjunte, si necessi, li adverbie '''ci''' por li coses proxim o '''ta''' por li coses lontan:
: ''ti mann, ti-ci fémina, ti-ta infant.''
* Quande on vole insister sur li qualitá, on usa '''tal''', quel es li correlative de '''qual'''.
: ''qual patre, tal ﬁlio.''

== Numerales ==
* 0 null, 1 un, 2 du, 3 tri, 4 qua(d)r, 5 quin, 6 six, 7 set, 8 ott, 9 nin, 10 deci, 11 deciun, 12 decidu, etc. 20 duant, 30 triant etc. 100 cent, 500 quincent, 1000 mil, 1.000.000 million.

=== Ordinales ===
On adjunte li sufixe -esim al cardinales:
: ''duesim, settesim, duantesim''

=== Multiplicatives ===
On adjunte -(i)plic al cardinales: tri-plic, mult-i-plic.

=== Fractiones ===
1/1 un total; 1/2 un demí; 1/3 un ters; 3/4 tri quart.

Li altri fractiones es expresset per li ordinales: 5/7 quin settesimes.

=== Collectives ===
On adjunte li sufixe -ene: sixene, decene, centene.

== Tabelle del correlatives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!Por interrogar
!Por monstrar
!Indeterminat
!Negation
!Null indication
!Total
|-
!Quantitá
|quant
|tant
|alquant
|nequant
|quantcunc
|totmen
|-
!Tempore
|quande
|tande
|alquande
|nequande
|quandecunc
|sempre
|-
!Loc
|u?
|ta, ci
|alcú
|necú
|úcunc
|partú
|-
!Persones
|qui 
|ti 
|alqui 
|nequi 
|quicunc 
|omni
|-
!Coses
|quo 
|to 
|alquo 
|nequo 
|quocunc 
|omno
|-
!Persones e coses
|quel 
|tel 
|alquel 
|nequel
|quelcunc 
|chascun
|-
!Qualitá
|qual 
|tal 
|alqual 
|nequal
|qualcunc
|-
!Mode
|quam 
|tam 
|alquam 
|nequam
|quamcunc
|}

== Verb ==
Li conjugation es regulari. It existe solmen un conjugation con quar formes. Exemplification per li verbe ''amar'':

# '''ama''': null finale, li pur tema
# '''amar''' (''ama'' + ''r'')
# '''amant''' (''ama'' + ''nt'')
# '''amat''' (''ama'' + ''t'')

''Remarca:'' Si li tema fini in ''-i'', on intermette un ''-e-'': ''fini-e-nt'', ''audi-e-nt'', ''veni-e-nt'', ''mori-e-nt''.

# '''ama''' coresponde a:
## presentie de indicative activ: '''yo ama''', '''il ama''', '''vu ama''' etc.
## presentie de conjunctive activ (in quelc lingues): '''Il dí que il ama'''
## imperative: '''ama!''', '''veni!'''
# '''amar''' es li presente del infinitive activ: '''amar''', '''venir''', '''presser'''
# '''amant''' es li presente del participie activ: '''amant''', '''venient''', '''pressent'''
# '''amat''' coresponde a:
## perfecte del participie: '''amat''', '''venit''', '''Li amat patria.'''
## preterite de indicative activ: '''yo amat''', '''tu amat''', '''il amat''', '''noi amat''', '''illi amat su patria''' etc.

Li céteri témpores e modus es format analyticmen per auxiliares.

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Activ:'''

* perfecte: '''yo ha amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat amat'''
* future I: '''yo va amar'''
* future II: '''yo va har amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey amar'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell amar'''
* precative: '''ples amar!'''
* hortative: '''lass nos amar!'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har amat'''
* future del infinitive: '''var amar'''
* perfect del participie: '''hant amat'''
* future del participie: '''vant amar'''
{{col-break}}
'''Passiv:'''

* presente: '''yo es amat'''
* preterite: '''yo esset amat'''
* perfecte: '''yo ha esset amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat esset amat'''
* future I: '''yo va esser amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey esser amat'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell esser amat'''
* presentie del infinitive: '''esser amat'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har esset amat'''
* presentie del participie: '''essent amat'''
{{col-end}}

== Parolformation ==
Nov paroles in Interlingue es format per:
* Adjuntion de desinenties.
* Adjuntion de prefixes.
* Adjuntion de sufixes.
* Composition de du o pluri paroles.

=== Afixes ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!afixe
!signification
!afixat a
!ante li afixe
!pos li afixe
!notas
|-
| -abil/-ibil
|able
|verbal root
|posser (to be able)
|possibil (possible)
| -abil for -ar verbs, -ibil for -er and -ir verbs
|-
| -ada/-ida
| -ade
|verbal root
|promenar (to stroll)
|promenada (a walk, a promenade)
| -ada for -ar verbs, -ida for -er and -ir verbs
|-
| -ach-
|pejorative
|verbal root
|criticar (criticize)
|criticachar (complain, whine)
|
|-
| -ar
|general verb
|noun, adjective
|sicc (dry)
|siccar (to dry)
|General verb final in most cases for all modern verbs
|-
| -ard
|pejorative noun suffix
|verbal root
|furter (steal)
|furtard (thief)
|
|-
|bel-
|kinship by marriage
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|belfratre (brother-in-law)
|
|-
|des-
|cessation
|various
|infectar (infect)
avantage (advantage)
|desinfectar (disinfect)
desavantage (disadvantage)
|
|-
|dis-
|separation, dispersion
|various
|membre (member)
semar (sow, seminate)
|dismembrar (dismember)
dissemar (disseminate)
|
|-
| -er-
|doer of verb
|verbal root
|lavar (wash)
|lavere / lavera / lavero (washer)
| -a or -o to specify female or male gender
|-
| -ette
|diminutive
|noun
|dom (house)
|domette (cottage)
|
|-
|ex-
|ex-
|noun
|presidente (president)
|ex-presidente (ex-president)
|
|-
|ho-
|this
|noun
|semane (week)
|ho-semane (this week)
|
|-
| -illio
|caressive
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|fratrillio (bro)
|affixed to male nouns
|-
|ín-
|in-, un-, etc.
|adjective
|credibil (believable)
|íncredibil (unbelievable)
|
|-
| -innia
|caressive
|noun
|matre (mother)
|matrinnia (mom/mommy)
|affixed to female nouns
|-
| -ion
| -ion
|perfect theme
|crear (create)
|creation (creation)
|
|-
| -iv
| -ive
|perfect theme
|exploder (explode)
|explosiv (explosive)
|perfect theme: explod-er → explod → explos
|-
| -ment
| -ment
|present theme
|experir (to experience)
|experiment (experiment)
|
|-
|mi-
|half
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|mifratre (half-brother)
|
|-
|mis-
|false (mis-)
|various
|comprender (understand)
|miscomprender (misunderstand)
|
|-
|non-
|non-
|noun
|fumator (smoker)
|nonfumator (non-smoker)
|
|-
| -ntie
| -nce
|present theme
|tolerar (tolerate)
experir (to experience)
|tolerantie (tolerance)
experientie (experience)
| -ir verbs add an e: ir → ientie
|-
| -or
| -er, -or
|perfect theme
|distribuer (distribute)
|distributor (distributor)
|
|-
| -ori
| -ory
|perfect theme
|currer (run)
|cursori (cursory)
|perfect theme: curr-er → curr → curs
|-
|per-
|through, all the way
|verb
|forar (pierce)
|perforar (perforate)
|
|-
|pre-
|before
|various
|historie (history)
|prehistorie (prehistory)
|
|-
|pro-
|to the front
|verb
|ducter (lead)
|producter (produce)
|
|-
|re-
|re-
|verb
|venir (come)
|revenir (return)
|
|-
|step-
|step-
|noun
|matre (mother)
|stepmatre (stepmother)
|
|-
| -ura
| -ure
|perfect theme
|scrir (write)
|scritura (scripture)
|
|}

== Interpunction ==
Li signes de interpunction in Interlingue es:
* Li punctu (.), quel indica un stoppa passabilmen grand. It es usat por separar complet frases, expressent un pensa terminat.
* Li punctu-comma (;) indica un stoppa min grand. It es usat por separar complet frases con pensas coherent.
* Li comma (,) indica li minim grand stoppa. It es usat por separar li divers partes de un frase composit, o divers frases coherent tam mult, que on ne vole separar les per un punctu o punctu-comma.
* Por indicar li paroles maxim important del frase on posse usar li accentu scrit.
** Yó ea con la (ne tú).
** Yo éa con la (yo ne fa quam li altris, queles né ea con la).
** Yo ea con élla (ne con li áltris). Save vu, de u il veni?

== Ligament extern ==
* [http://www.panix.com/~bartlett/Haas.html Grammatica de interlingue]

{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Interlingue]]</text>
      <sha1>1wzfvidoq7bz4nrzijp92vlgr13py40</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>150449</id>
      <parentid>150448</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T06:50:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caro de Segeda</username>
        <id>13878</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Comparation */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10209" xml:space="preserve">Ti-ci articul parla pri li '''grammatica de Interlingue''', un planlingue creat de [[Edgar de Wahl]] e publicat in 1922.

== Nómines ==
Li nómine porta sempre u necessi li marca del plurale &quot;-s&quot; (pos vocal) o &quot;-es&quot; (pos mult consonant).

Si necessi, li nómine es terminat per &quot;-e&quot; por distinter it del functiones altri, o es terminat per &quot;-o&quot; por marcar li masculin o &quot;-a&quot; por marcar li féminin. 

== Adjectives ==
Li adjective es ínvariabil in génere e númere. Mult adjectives fini per -i. To es por fixar li corect pronunciation del ultim consonant, e pro distinction pos tipic finales substantivic e infinitivic: felici, sagi, porosi, organisatori, amari.

Mult adjectives posse facilmen esser substantivat per adjuntion del finales -e, -o, -a: yun, yune, yunes, yunos, yunas.

Por formar un substantive expressent li general idé de un qualitá on adjunte li finale -um: li novum, li bellum.

Quande li adjective es usat sin substantive e on deve pro cert rasones indicar li plurale, on adjunte -s, pos consonantes intercalante li -i- eufonic, u to es possibil sin changear li pronunciation: Vi pomes, prende li maturis.

=== Comparation ===
Por li '''comparative''' on indica
* li egalitá per tam - quam
* li majoritá per plu - quam
* li minoritá per minu (min) - quam

Por li '''superlative''' on indica
* li majoritá per maxim (max)
* li minoritá per minim.

Por li '''superlative absolut''' on usa: tre, o li sufix: -issim: tre grand, grandissim.

Por comparar tri o pluri gradus on usa: grand, plu grand, mem plu grand, plu grand ancor, mem plu grand ancor.

In omni comparationes on usa: quam: egalmen quam, altrimen quam.

== Pronómines personal ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!
!
!masc.
!fem.
!n.
!
!
!
!mas.
!fem.
|-
!Subject
|yo
|tu
|il
|ella
|it
|noi
|vu
|ili
|(illos)
|(ellas)
|-
!Object
|me
|te
|le
|la
|it
|nos
|vos
|les
|(los)
|(las)
|}

''Remarca:'' Li pronómines ''illos'' e ''ellas'' es normalmen ne usat.

== Pronómines relativ ==
Li pronómine general es '''quel''', anc por li acusative.
: ''Li mann, quel es ci. Li mann, quel yo vide.''

Por li persones specialmen on posse usar li interrogativ pronómine '''qui'''.

== Interrogativ pronómines ==
Li interrogativ pronómines es '''qui''' por persones e '''quo''' por coses.
:: ''Qui ha venit?''

Por li pronómine ''qui'' existe un facultativ acusative '''quem'''.

== Possessives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
|-
!Pronómines
|mi(s)
|tui(s)
|su(s)
|nor(es)
|vor(es)
|lor(es)
|-
!Adjectives
|mi
|tu
|su
|nor
|vor
|lor
|}
Pos un plurale li possessives posse prender un -s: mi pom es ci; li mi'''s''' es ci. Lor libres ha arivat; li lor'''es''' ha arivat.

== Demonstratives ==
* '''ti''', a quel on adjunte, si necessi, li adverbie '''ci''' por li coses proxim o '''ta''' por li coses lontan:
: ''ti mann, ti-ci fémina, ti-ta infant.''
* Quande on vole insister sur li qualitá, on usa '''tal''', quel es li correlative de '''qual'''.
: ''qual patre, tal ﬁlio.''

== Numerales ==
* 0 null, 1 un, 2 du, 3 tri, 4 qua(d)r, 5 quin, 6 six, 7 set, 8 ott, 9 nin, 10 deci, 11 deciun, 12 decidu, etc. 20 duant, 30 triant etc. 100 cent, 500 quincent, 1000 mil, 1.000.000 million.

=== Ordinales ===
On adjunte li sufixe -esim al cardinales:
: ''duesim, settesim, duantesim''

=== Multiplicatives ===
On adjunte -(i)plic al cardinales: tri-plic, mult-i-plic.

=== Fractiones ===
1/1 un total; 1/2 un demí; 1/3 un ters; 3/4 tri quart.

Li altri fractiones es expresset per li ordinales: 5/7 quin settesimes.

=== Collectives ===
On adjunte li sufixe -ene: sixene, decene, centene.

== Tabelle del correlatives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!Por interrogar
!Por monstrar
!Indeterminat
!Negation
!Null indication
!Total
|-
!Quantitá
|quant
|tant
|alquant
|nequant
|quantcunc
|totmen
|-
!Tempore
|quande
|tande
|alquande
|nequande
|quandecunc
|sempre
|-
!Loc
|u?
|ta, ci
|alcú
|necú
|úcunc
|partú
|-
!Persones
|qui 
|ti 
|alqui 
|nequi 
|quicunc 
|omni
|-
!Coses
|quo 
|to 
|alquo 
|nequo 
|quocunc 
|omno
|-
!Persones e coses
|quel 
|tel 
|alquel 
|nequel
|quelcunc 
|chascun
|-
!Qualitá
|qual 
|tal 
|alqual 
|nequal
|qualcunc
|-
!Mode
|quam 
|tam 
|alquam 
|nequam
|quamcunc
|}

== Verb ==
Li conjugation es regulari. It existe solmen un conjugation con quar formes. Exemplification per li verbe ''amar'':

# '''ama''': null finale, li pur tema
# '''amar''' (''ama'' + ''r'')
# '''amant''' (''ama'' + ''nt'')
# '''amat''' (''ama'' + ''t'')

''Remarca:'' Si li tema fini in ''-i'', on intermette un ''-e-'': ''fini-e-nt'', ''audi-e-nt'', ''veni-e-nt'', ''mori-e-nt''.

# '''ama''' coresponde a:
## presentie de indicative activ: '''yo ama''', '''il ama''', '''vu ama''' etc.
## presentie de conjunctive activ (in quelc lingues): '''Il dí que il ama'''
## imperative: '''ama!''', '''veni!'''
# '''amar''' es li presente del infinitive activ: '''amar''', '''venir''', '''presser'''
# '''amant''' es li presente del participie activ: '''amant''', '''venient''', '''pressent'''
# '''amat''' coresponde a:
## perfecte del participie: '''amat''', '''venit''', '''Li amat patria.'''
## preterite de indicative activ: '''yo amat''', '''tu amat''', '''il amat''', '''noi amat''', '''illi amat su patria''' etc.

Li céteri témpores e modus es format analyticmen per auxiliares.

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Activ:'''

* perfecte: '''yo ha amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat amat'''
* future I: '''yo va amar'''
* future II: '''yo va har amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey amar'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell amar'''
* precative: '''ples amar!'''
* hortative: '''lass nos amar!'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har amat'''
* future del infinitive: '''var amar'''
* perfect del participie: '''hant amat'''
* future del participie: '''vant amar'''
{{col-break}}
'''Passiv:'''

* presente: '''yo es amat'''
* preterite: '''yo esset amat'''
* perfecte: '''yo ha esset amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat esset amat'''
* future I: '''yo va esser amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey esser amat'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell esser amat'''
* presentie del infinitive: '''esser amat'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har esset amat'''
* presentie del participie: '''essent amat'''
{{col-end}}

== Parolformation ==
Nov paroles in Interlingue es format per:
* Adjuntion de desinenties.
* Adjuntion de prefixes.
* Adjuntion de sufixes.
* Composition de du o pluri paroles.

=== Afixes ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!afixe
!signification
!afixat a
!ante li afixe
!pos li afixe
!notas
|-
| -abil/-ibil
|able
|verbal root
|posser (to be able)
|possibil (possible)
| -abil for -ar verbs, -ibil for -er and -ir verbs
|-
| -ada/-ida
| -ade
|verbal root
|promenar (to stroll)
|promenada (a walk, a promenade)
| -ada for -ar verbs, -ida for -er and -ir verbs
|-
| -ach-
|pejorative
|verbal root
|criticar (criticize)
|criticachar (complain, whine)
|
|-
| -ar
|general verb
|noun, adjective
|sicc (dry)
|siccar (to dry)
|General verb final in most cases for all modern verbs
|-
| -ard
|pejorative noun suffix
|verbal root
|furter (steal)
|furtard (thief)
|
|-
|bel-
|kinship by marriage
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|belfratre (brother-in-law)
|
|-
|des-
|cessation
|various
|infectar (infect)
avantage (advantage)
|desinfectar (disinfect)
desavantage (disadvantage)
|
|-
|dis-
|separation, dispersion
|various
|membre (member)
semar (sow, seminate)
|dismembrar (dismember)
dissemar (disseminate)
|
|-
| -er-
|doer of verb
|verbal root
|lavar (wash)
|lavere / lavera / lavero (washer)
| -a or -o to specify female or male gender
|-
| -ette
|diminutive
|noun
|dom (house)
|domette (cottage)
|
|-
|ex-
|ex-
|noun
|presidente (president)
|ex-presidente (ex-president)
|
|-
|ho-
|this
|noun
|semane (week)
|ho-semane (this week)
|
|-
| -illio
|caressive
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|fratrillio (bro)
|affixed to male nouns
|-
|ín-
|in-, un-, etc.
|adjective
|credibil (believable)
|íncredibil (unbelievable)
|
|-
| -innia
|caressive
|noun
|matre (mother)
|matrinnia (mom/mommy)
|affixed to female nouns
|-
| -ion
| -ion
|perfect theme
|crear (create)
|creation (creation)
|
|-
| -iv
| -ive
|perfect theme
|exploder (explode)
|explosiv (explosive)
|perfect theme: explod-er → explod → explos
|-
| -ment
| -ment
|present theme
|experir (to experience)
|experiment (experiment)
|
|-
|mi-
|half
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|mifratre (half-brother)
|
|-
|mis-
|false (mis-)
|various
|comprender (understand)
|miscomprender (misunderstand)
|
|-
|non-
|non-
|noun
|fumator (smoker)
|nonfumator (non-smoker)
|
|-
| -ntie
| -nce
|present theme
|tolerar (tolerate)
experir (to experience)
|tolerantie (tolerance)
experientie (experience)
| -ir verbs add an e: ir → ientie
|-
| -or
| -er, -or
|perfect theme
|distribuer (distribute)
|distributor (distributor)
|
|-
| -ori
| -ory
|perfect theme
|currer (run)
|cursori (cursory)
|perfect theme: curr-er → curr → curs
|-
|per-
|through, all the way
|verb
|forar (pierce)
|perforar (perforate)
|
|-
|pre-
|before
|various
|historie (history)
|prehistorie (prehistory)
|
|-
|pro-
|to the front
|verb
|ducter (lead)
|producter (produce)
|
|-
|re-
|re-
|verb
|venir (come)
|revenir (return)
|
|-
|step-
|step-
|noun
|matre (mother)
|stepmatre (stepmother)
|
|-
| -ura
| -ure
|perfect theme
|scrir (write)
|scritura (scripture)
|
|}

== Interpunction ==
Li signes de interpunction in Interlingue es:
* Li punctu (.), quel indica un stoppa passabilmen grand. It es usat por separar complet frases, expressent un pensa terminat.
* Li punctu-comma (;) indica un stoppa min grand. It es usat por separar complet frases con pensas coherent.
* Li comma (,) indica li minim grand stoppa. It es usat por separar li divers partes de un frase composit, o divers frases coherent tam mult, que on ne vole separar les per un punctu o punctu-comma.
* Por indicar li paroles maxim important del frase on posse usar li accentu scrit.
** Yó ea con la (ne tú).
** Yo éa con la (yo ne fa quam li altris, queles né ea con la).
** Yo ea con élla (ne con li áltris). Save vu, de u il veni?

== Ligament extern ==
* [http://www.panix.com/~bartlett/Haas.html Grammatica de interlingue]

{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Interlingue]]</text>
      <sha1>3rruwl516soy2keafjaw9na4r2ts7ue</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>150450</id>
      <parentid>150449</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-31T06:51:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Caro de Segeda</username>
        <id>13878</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11820" xml:space="preserve">Ti-ci articul parla pri li '''grammatica de Interlingue''', un planlingue creat de [[Edgar de Wahl]] e publicat in 1922.

== Alfabete e pronunciation ==
=== Alfabete ===
&lt;center&gt;'''[[A]] (a), [[B]] (be), [[C]] (ce), [[D]] (de), [[E]] (e), [[F]] (ef), [[G]] (ge), [[H]] (ha), [[I]] (i), [[J]] (jot), [[K]] (ka), [[L]] (el), [[M]] (em), [[N]] (en), [[O]] (o), [[P]] (pe), [[Q]] (qu), [[R]] (er), [[S]] (es), [[T]] (te), [[U]] (u), [[V]] (ve), [[W]] (duplic ve), [[X]] (ix), [[Y]] (ypsilon), [[Z]] (zet)'''&lt;/center&gt;

=== Pronunciation ===
Vocales quam in german, italian, hispan etc.
* ''y'' quam vocal es pronunciat i;
* ''y'' quam consonant = ''y'' anglés, hispan;
* ''c'' ante ''e'', ''i'', ''y'' = ''ts'', in omni altri casus = ''k'';
* ''g'' ante ''e'', ''i'', ''y'' = ''j'' francés, in altri casus quam ''g'' german;
* ''h'' aspirant quam in anglés, german;
* ''j'' quam in francés, o quam in anglés ''vi&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;ion;''
* ''q'' quam in german e anglés;
* ''s'' sonori inter vocales (quam in italian ''ingle&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;e''), in altri casus dur (quam in Hollandés ''&lt;u&gt;S&lt;/u&gt;interklaa&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;'');
* ''ss'' dur;
* ''t'' quam ''ts'' ante ''ia'', ''ie'', ''io'', ''iu'', altrimen quam in anglés, francés, german, hispan, o italian;
* ''v'' quam in anglés e romanic;
* ''x'' = ''ks'';
* ''z'' = ''ds'' (con ''s'' sonori, quam in japanés ''&lt;u&gt;z&lt;/u&gt;abuton'') si esse possibil, altrimen dur (''ts'');
* ''zz'' = ''ts'' (quam in italian ''pi&lt;u&gt;zz&lt;/u&gt;a, pia&lt;u&gt;zz&lt;/u&gt;a'');
* ''ch'' quam in francés, o quam anglés ''sh'', o quam german ''sch''; anc permisset quam anglés ''ch'', hispan ''ch'' ma ne recomandat;
* ''ch'' = ''k'' ante quelcunc consonante (quam in francés ''&lt;u&gt;ch&lt;/u&gt;lorophylle'');
* ''eu'' pronunciat separatmen: e-u.

== Nómines ==
Li nómine porta sempre u necessi li marca del plurale &quot;-s&quot; (pos vocal) o &quot;-es&quot; (pos mult consonant).

Si necessi, li nómine es terminat per &quot;-e&quot; por distinter it del functiones altri, o es terminat per &quot;-o&quot; por marcar li masculin o &quot;-a&quot; por marcar li féminin. 

== Adjectives ==
Li adjective es ínvariabil in génere e númere. Mult adjectives fini per -i. To es por fixar li corect pronunciation del ultim consonant, e pro distinction pos tipic finales substantivic e infinitivic: felici, sagi, porosi, organisatori, amari.

Mult adjectives posse facilmen esser substantivat per adjuntion del finales -e, -o, -a: yun, yune, yunes, yunos, yunas.

Por formar un substantive expressent li general idé de un qualitá on adjunte li finale -um: li novum, li bellum.

Quande li adjective es usat sin substantive e on deve pro cert rasones indicar li plurale, on adjunte -s, pos consonantes intercalante li -i- eufonic, u to es possibil sin changear li pronunciation: Vi pomes, prende li maturis.

=== Comparation ===
Por li '''comparative''' on indica
* li egalitá per tam - quam
* li majoritá per plu - quam
* li minoritá per minu (min) - quam

Por li '''superlative''' on indica
* li majoritá per maxim (max)
* li minoritá per minim.

Por li '''superlative absolut''' on usa: tre, o li sufix: -issim: tre grand, grandissim.

Por comparar tri o pluri gradus on usa: grand, plu grand, mem plu grand, plu grand ancor, mem plu grand ancor.

In omni comparationes on usa: quam: egalmen quam, altrimen quam.

== Pronómines personal ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!
!
!masc.
!fem.
!n.
!
!
!
!mas.
!fem.
|-
!Subject
|yo
|tu
|il
|ella
|it
|noi
|vu
|ili
|(illos)
|(ellas)
|-
!Object
|me
|te
|le
|la
|it
|nos
|vos
|les
|(los)
|(las)
|}

''Remarca:'' Li pronómines ''illos'' e ''ellas'' es normalmen ne usat.

== Pronómines relativ ==
Li pronómine general es '''quel''', anc por li acusative.
: ''Li mann, quel es ci. Li mann, quel yo vide.''

Por li persones specialmen on posse usar li interrogativ pronómine '''qui'''.

== Interrogativ pronómines ==
Li interrogativ pronómines es '''qui''' por persones e '''quo''' por coses.
:: ''Qui ha venit?''

Por li pronómine ''qui'' existe un facultativ acusative '''quem'''.

== Possessives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
|-
!Pronómines
|mi(s)
|tui(s)
|su(s)
|nor(es)
|vor(es)
|lor(es)
|-
!Adjectives
|mi
|tu
|su
|nor
|vor
|lor
|}
Pos un plurale li possessives posse prender un -s: mi pom es ci; li mi'''s''' es ci. Lor libres ha arivat; li lor'''es''' ha arivat.

== Demonstratives ==
* '''ti''', a quel on adjunte, si necessi, li adverbie '''ci''' por li coses proxim o '''ta''' por li coses lontan:
: ''ti mann, ti-ci fémina, ti-ta infant.''
* Quande on vole insister sur li qualitá, on usa '''tal''', quel es li correlative de '''qual'''.
: ''qual patre, tal ﬁlio.''

== Numerales ==
* 0 null, 1 un, 2 du, 3 tri, 4 qua(d)r, 5 quin, 6 six, 7 set, 8 ott, 9 nin, 10 deci, 11 deciun, 12 decidu, etc. 20 duant, 30 triant etc. 100 cent, 500 quincent, 1000 mil, 1.000.000 million.

=== Ordinales ===
On adjunte li sufixe -esim al cardinales:
: ''duesim, settesim, duantesim''

=== Multiplicatives ===
On adjunte -(i)plic al cardinales: tri-plic, mult-i-plic.

=== Fractiones ===
1/1 un total; 1/2 un demí; 1/3 un ters; 3/4 tri quart.

Li altri fractiones es expresset per li ordinales: 5/7 quin settesimes.

=== Collectives ===
On adjunte li sufixe -ene: sixene, decene, centene.

== Tabelle del correlatives ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; 
| colspan=&quot;1&quot; rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |
!Por interrogar
!Por monstrar
!Indeterminat
!Negation
!Null indication
!Total
|-
!Quantitá
|quant
|tant
|alquant
|nequant
|quantcunc
|totmen
|-
!Tempore
|quande
|tande
|alquande
|nequande
|quandecunc
|sempre
|-
!Loc
|u?
|ta, ci
|alcú
|necú
|úcunc
|partú
|-
!Persones
|qui 
|ti 
|alqui 
|nequi 
|quicunc 
|omni
|-
!Coses
|quo 
|to 
|alquo 
|nequo 
|quocunc 
|omno
|-
!Persones e coses
|quel 
|tel 
|alquel 
|nequel
|quelcunc 
|chascun
|-
!Qualitá
|qual 
|tal 
|alqual 
|nequal
|qualcunc
|-
!Mode
|quam 
|tam 
|alquam 
|nequam
|quamcunc
|}

== Verb ==
Li conjugation es regulari. It existe solmen un conjugation con quar formes. Exemplification per li verbe ''amar'':

# '''ama''': null finale, li pur tema
# '''amar''' (''ama'' + ''r'')
# '''amant''' (''ama'' + ''nt'')
# '''amat''' (''ama'' + ''t'')

''Remarca:'' Si li tema fini in ''-i'', on intermette un ''-e-'': ''fini-e-nt'', ''audi-e-nt'', ''veni-e-nt'', ''mori-e-nt''.

# '''ama''' coresponde a:
## presentie de indicative activ: '''yo ama''', '''il ama''', '''vu ama''' etc.
## presentie de conjunctive activ (in quelc lingues): '''Il dí que il ama'''
## imperative: '''ama!''', '''veni!'''
# '''amar''' es li presente del infinitive activ: '''amar''', '''venir''', '''presser'''
# '''amant''' es li presente del participie activ: '''amant''', '''venient''', '''pressent'''
# '''amat''' coresponde a:
## perfecte del participie: '''amat''', '''venit''', '''Li amat patria.'''
## preterite de indicative activ: '''yo amat''', '''tu amat''', '''il amat''', '''noi amat''', '''illi amat su patria''' etc.

Li céteri témpores e modus es format analyticmen per auxiliares.

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Activ:'''

* perfecte: '''yo ha amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat amat'''
* future I: '''yo va amar'''
* future II: '''yo va har amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey amar'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell amar'''
* precative: '''ples amar!'''
* hortative: '''lass nos amar!'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har amat'''
* future del infinitive: '''var amar'''
* perfect del participie: '''hant amat'''
* future del participie: '''vant amar'''
{{col-break}}
'''Passiv:'''

* presente: '''yo es amat'''
* preterite: '''yo esset amat'''
* perfecte: '''yo ha esset amat'''
* plusquamperfecte: '''yo hat esset amat'''
* future I: '''yo va esser amat'''
* optative: '''yo mey esser amat'''
* conditionale: '''yo vell esser amat'''
* presentie del infinitive: '''esser amat'''
* perfecte del infinitive: '''har esset amat'''
* presentie del participie: '''essent amat'''
{{col-end}}

== Parolformation ==
Nov paroles in Interlingue es format per:
* Adjuntion de desinenties.
* Adjuntion de prefixes.
* Adjuntion de sufixes.
* Composition de du o pluri paroles.

=== Afixes ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!afixe
!signification
!afixat a
!ante li afixe
!pos li afixe
!notas
|-
| -abil/-ibil
|able
|verbal root
|posser (to be able)
|possibil (possible)
| -abil for -ar verbs, -ibil for -er and -ir verbs
|-
| -ada/-ida
| -ade
|verbal root
|promenar (to stroll)
|promenada (a walk, a promenade)
| -ada for -ar verbs, -ida for -er and -ir verbs
|-
| -ach-
|pejorative
|verbal root
|criticar (criticize)
|criticachar (complain, whine)
|
|-
| -ar
|general verb
|noun, adjective
|sicc (dry)
|siccar (to dry)
|General verb final in most cases for all modern verbs
|-
| -ard
|pejorative noun suffix
|verbal root
|furter (steal)
|furtard (thief)
|
|-
|bel-
|kinship by marriage
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|belfratre (brother-in-law)
|
|-
|des-
|cessation
|various
|infectar (infect)
avantage (advantage)
|desinfectar (disinfect)
desavantage (disadvantage)
|
|-
|dis-
|separation, dispersion
|various
|membre (member)
semar (sow, seminate)
|dismembrar (dismember)
dissemar (disseminate)
|
|-
| -er-
|doer of verb
|verbal root
|lavar (wash)
|lavere / lavera / lavero (washer)
| -a or -o to specify female or male gender
|-
| -ette
|diminutive
|noun
|dom (house)
|domette (cottage)
|
|-
|ex-
|ex-
|noun
|presidente (president)
|ex-presidente (ex-president)
|
|-
|ho-
|this
|noun
|semane (week)
|ho-semane (this week)
|
|-
| -illio
|caressive
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|fratrillio (bro)
|affixed to male nouns
|-
|ín-
|in-, un-, etc.
|adjective
|credibil (believable)
|íncredibil (unbelievable)
|
|-
| -innia
|caressive
|noun
|matre (mother)
|matrinnia (mom/mommy)
|affixed to female nouns
|-
| -ion
| -ion
|perfect theme
|crear (create)
|creation (creation)
|
|-
| -iv
| -ive
|perfect theme
|exploder (explode)
|explosiv (explosive)
|perfect theme: explod-er → explod → explos
|-
| -ment
| -ment
|present theme
|experir (to experience)
|experiment (experiment)
|
|-
|mi-
|half
|noun
|fratre (brother)
|mifratre (half-brother)
|
|-
|mis-
|false (mis-)
|various
|comprender (understand)
|miscomprender (misunderstand)
|
|-
|non-
|non-
|noun
|fumator (smoker)
|nonfumator (non-smoker)
|
|-
| -ntie
| -nce
|present theme
|tolerar (tolerate)
experir (to experience)
|tolerantie (tolerance)
experientie (experience)
| -ir verbs add an e: ir → ientie
|-
| -or
| -er, -or
|perfect theme
|distribuer (distribute)
|distributor (distributor)
|
|-
| -ori
| -ory
|perfect theme
|currer (run)
|cursori (cursory)
|perfect theme: curr-er → curr → curs
|-
|per-
|through, all the way
|verb
|forar (pierce)
|perforar (perforate)
|
|-
|pre-
|before
|various
|historie (history)
|prehistorie (prehistory)
|
|-
|pro-
|to the front
|verb
|ducter (lead)
|producter (produce)
|
|-
|re-
|re-
|verb
|venir (come)
|revenir (return)
|
|-
|step-
|step-
|noun
|matre (mother)
|stepmatre (stepmother)
|
|-
| -ura
| -ure
|perfect theme
|scrir (write)
|scritura (scripture)
|
|}

== Interpunction ==
Li signes de interpunction in Interlingue es:
* Li punctu (.), quel indica un stoppa passabilmen grand. It es usat por separar complet frases, expressent un pensa terminat.
* Li punctu-comma (;) indica un stoppa min grand. It es usat por separar complet frases con pensas coherent.
* Li comma (,) indica li minim grand stoppa. It es usat por separar li divers partes de un frase composit, o divers frases coherent tam mult, que on ne vole separar les per un punctu o punctu-comma.
* Por indicar li paroles maxim important del frase on posse usar li accentu scrit.
** Yó ea con la (ne tú).
** Yo éa con la (yo ne fa quam li altris, queles né ea con la).
** Yo ea con élla (ne con li áltris). Save vu, de u il veni?

== Ligament extern ==
* [http://www.panix.com/~bartlett/Haas.html Grammatica de interlingue]

{{Interlingue}}

[[Categorie:Interlingue]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aller, Asturias</title>
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      <text bytes="228" xml:space="preserve">{{Municipio}}
'''Aller''' es un municipie situat in li comunité autonom de [[Asturias]], [[Hispania]]. It have un population de {{#property:P1082}} inhabitantes.

{{Municipies de Asturias}}

[[Categorie:Municipies de Asturias]]</text>
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      <comment>Creat págine contenente «{{Unesim}} '''Actualitás in Interlingue''' esset un revista editet inter 1983 e 1996 de [[Tomáš Ondráček]].  [[Categorie:Jurnales e revúes in Interlingue]]»</comment>
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      <text bytes="161" xml:space="preserve">{{Unesim}}
'''Actualitás in Interlingue''' esset un revista editet inter 1983 e 1996 de [[Tomáš Ondráček]].

[[Categorie:Jurnales e revúes in Interlingue]]</text>
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