Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 12549 632345 84343 2026-05-08T23:07:06Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342442741|Ayila Yussuf]]" 632345 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Atanda Ayila Yussuf''' (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1984) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-echebe etiti ma ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe n'etiti. Onye bụbu onye na-eto eto Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ mba ụwa, ọ kwagara na Ukrainian Premier League Dynamo Kyiv site n'akụkụ Union Bank nke Naijiria n'afọ 2003. N'agbanyeghị mmerụ ahụ, Yussuf ghọrọ onye na-anọkarị na Dynamo Kyiv na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]]. Ọ sonyeere Metalist Kharkiv na mgbazinye ego na 2014. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ mmalite === Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, Yussuf bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọkachamara mbụ ya na [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba International]] wee gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ ya na Union Bank nhọpụta ya na ndị otu ndị okenye dọtara uche ndị nkuzi ndị ntorobịa. === Dynamo Kyiv === Mgbe ọ na-adọta mmasị site na klọb dị ka PSV Eindhoven na VfB Stuttgart, Yussuf bịanyere aka na Dynamo Kyiv na July 2003. Na 5 August, o mere mpụta mbụ ya maka otu egwuregwu mbụ, Dynamo-2 Kyiv, megide Polissya Zhytomyr. Ihe na-erughị ọnwa abụọ ka e mesịrị, na 21 Septemba, Yussef mere mpụta mbụ ya megide Zirka Kirovohrad. Nnukwu mmerụ ahụ ikpere kwụsịrị oge 2003–04 ya. Na 16 Septemba 2004, o mere egwuregwu mbụ nke UEFA Champions League maka Dynamo Kyiv na egwuregwu megide Roma. Kemgbe ọkara nke abụọ nke Oge 2011-12, Yussuf agbalịwo ịnọgide na-enwe ọnọdụ na otu mbụ ma gbazinye ya na Süper Lig Orduspor na 31 Jenụwarị 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fcdynamo.kiev.ua/en/news/ayila_yussuf_pereezzhaet_v_turtsiyu/|title=Ayila Yussuf moves to Turkey|publisher=FC Dynamo Kyiv|date=30 January 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224145948/http://www.fcdynamo.kiev.ua/en/news/ayila_yussuf_pereezzhaet_v_turtsiyu/|archivedate=24 February 2014}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gbazitere ego na Turkey, ọ nwetaghị ebe mbụ ma kpọọ maka ndị otu Dynamo Kyiv, Dynamo-2 Kyiv. N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2014, ọ sonyeere ndị na-asọmpi Metalist Kharkiv na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego ruo na ngwụcha afọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fcdynamo.kiev.ua/en/allnews/ayila_yussuf_otdan_v_arendu_metallistu/|title=Ayila Yussuf to play for FC Metalist Kharkiv on loan|publisher=FC Dynamo Kyiv|date=18 February 2014}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == {{updated|2 January 2014}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- |Dynamo-2 Kyiv |2003–04 |Njikọ Mbụ nke Ukraine |10 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |10 |0 |- | rowspan="11" |Dynamo Kyiv |2003–04 | rowspan="10" |Njikọ Premier nke Ukraine<nowiki><br id="mwXw"></nowiki> |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |2004–05 |16 |3 |1 |0 |7 |1 |24 |4 |- |2005–06 |14 |3 |1 |0 |2 |0 |17 |3 |- |2006–07 |21 |2 |1 |0 |9 |1 |31 |3 |- |2007–08 |15 |1 |1 |0 |3 |0 |18 |1 |- |2008–09 |11 |0 |0 |0 |7 |0 |18 |0 |- |2009–10 |16 |1 |2 |0 |4 |1 |22 |2 |- |2010–11 |13 |0 |4 |1 |8 |1 |25 |2 |- |2011–12 |11 |0 |1 |0 |7 |0 |19 |0 |- |2012–13 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !120 !10 !11 !1 !47 !4 !178 !15 |- |Orduspor (onye a gbazinyere) |2012–13 |Süper Lig |8 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |1 |- |Dynamo-2 Kyiv |2013–14 |Njikọ Mbụ nke Ukraine |8 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |2 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !146 !13 !11 !1 !47 !4 !204 !18 |} == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100114170824/http://www.fcdynamo.kiev.ua/en/dynamo/players/?player=52 Profaịlụ Dynamo Kyiv] * Ayila Yussufna National-Football-Teams.com * Ayila YussufnaUAF (n'asụsụ Ukrainian) [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 0s5fhr3hiiklpic6ah70psrc1fn60ik 0 14669 632361 90986 2026-05-09T05:58:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Usòrò:Mohammed_Ben_Ali_Rbati_-_Festival_Scene_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|''Ihe nkiri ememme'' nke Muhammad Ben Ali Ribati dere.]] '''Muhammad Ben Ali ar-Ribati''' (1861 - 1939) bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ na-ese ihe na Morocco.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maghress.com/almassae/173550|title=محمد بن علي الرباطي .. أول رسام على الطريقة الأوروبية|work=مغرس|accessdate=2019-10-19|archivedate=2023-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005212320/https://www.maghress.com/almassae/173550}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hespress.com/art-et-culture/406141.html|title=نوائب الزمان ترمي بمنزل التشكيلي الرباطي في غياهب النسيان|work=Hespress|language=ar|accessdate=2019-10-19}}</ref> Dị ka aha nna ya na-egosi, a mụrụ Ribati na Rabat na 1861.<ref name=":1" /> Otú ọ dị, ọ nọ na Tangier, ebe - ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweghị ọzụzụ ọ bụla - ndị na-ese ihe na Europe na-akwado ya, na ebe ọ nwere ohere ịnweta ihe eji agba mmiri.<ref name=":0" /> Na 1903, Ribati ghọrọ onye na-esi nri maka onye Ireland na-ese ihe bụ Sir John Lavery, onye mbụ biri na Morocco na 1890.<ref name=":1"/> Lavery chọpụtara na Ribati bụ onye na-ese mmiri. == Ihe ngosi == Ihe ngosi mbụ nke Ribati bụ na Goupil Gallery na [[London]] na 1916. Ihe ngosi nke abụọ ya bụ na Marseille, France, na 1919, nke atọ ya bụ na Mamounia hotel na Marrakesh na 1922.<ref name=":0" /> == Ụdị == Ribati họọrọ mmiri na mpempe akwụkwọ dị ka ihe ọ ga-eji ese ihe karịa mmanụ na akwa. Ọ na-ese Tangier, qasba ya, na ndị bi na ya. Ọ na-ese ihe osise mmadụ dị mfe, ma na-esekarị nnukwu ihe nkiri mara mma na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ na-etinye aka na eserese ya n'asụsụ Arabic.<ref name=":0" /> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} 5umbdnjh8k83h17cyda61rt3ywf8stz 0 19516 632376 96705 2026-05-09T09:57:16Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632376 wikitext text/x-wiki '''National Temple''' ahụ bụ ebe ofufe dị n'ebe mgbakọ nke The Apostolic Church Nigeria dị na Olorunda-Ketu, [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos]] State. O nwere oche 100,000. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == N'afọ 1969, a kwagara Nzukọ Lagos, Western and Northern Areas (LAWNA) nke a na-emekarị na [[Ebute Metta]] na Orishigun, obodo dị na Ketu n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ndị a tọghatara. N'afọ 1970, a kwagara Nzukọ ahụ n'ebe dị ugbu a na Olorunda-Ketu na Nzukọ Nzukọ kwa afọ nke 1976 malitere ime n'ihe a maara ugbu a dị ka '''Old Convention House''' .<ref name="tac">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tac-lawna.org/lawnanewsite/nationaltemple.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106064445/http://www.tac-lawna.org/lawnanewsite/nationaltemple.php|archivedate=6 January 2013|title=National Temple Overview|accessdate=12 July 2015}}</ref> N'afọ 1979, onye isi oche mbụ nke LAWNA Territorial, onye ụkọchukwu S. G. Adegboyega tọrọ ntọala nke ihe ga-abụ Ụlọ Nsọ Mba. N'afọ 1994, onye ụkọchukwu Samuel Jemigbon mere ọganihu ngwa ngwa n'iwu ihe owuwu ahụ n'oge ọ bụ onye isi oche nke atọ nke LAWNA Territorial.<ref name="tac"/> E wuchara Ụlọ Nsọ National Temple ahụ na 19 Nọvemba 2011 n'okpuru ọzụzụ nke Pastor Gabriel Olutola onye kọwara ya dị ka "Ụlọ e ji ekpere wuo" na "ihe nnọchianya nke ịdị n'otu nke ụka".<ref name="pulse.ng">Inemesit Udodiong, [https://web.archive.org/web/20190715142042/https://www.pulse.ng/communities/religion/apostolic-church-11-things-that-are-never-going-to-change-about-this-denomination/41gpm2k 11 things that are never going to change about this denomination], pulse.ng, Nigeria, August 14, 2017</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.naijagists.com/worlds-largest-temple-completed-in-lagos-state-nigeria/|title=World’s Largest Temple Completed in Lagos State, Nigeria|publisher=NaijaGist|date=6 December 2011|accessdate=12 July 2015}}</ref> Ọ nwere ikike nke 100,000 oche.<ref name="pulse.ng" /><ref>Sunday Oguntola , [https://thenationonlineng.net/were-repositioning-at-100-says-apostolic-church/ We’re repositioning at 100, says Apostolic Church], thenationonlineng.net, Nigeria, August 3, 2018</ref> == Hụkwa == == Edensibia == 73wi4683o3eqqrpdpwnvp1di536ibwz 0 22665 632339 540730 2026-05-08T20:30:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Maya Jribi|image=MayaJribi.JPG|office=Secretary-General of the [[Republican Party (Tunisia)|Republican Party]]|term_start=April 9, 2012|term_end=February 3, 2017|predecessor=''Party created''|successor=[[:fr:Issam Chebbi|Issam Chebbi]]|office1=Member of the [[Constituent Assembly of Tunisia]] from [[Ben Arous Governorate]]|term_start1=November 22, 1971|term_end1=December 2, 1974|predecessor1=|successor1=|birth_date={{birth date |1960|1|29|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Bou Arada]], [[Tunisia]]|death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|2018|5|19|1960|1|29}}|death_place=[[Radès]], [[Ben Arous Governorate]], [[Tunisia]]|party=[[Republican Party (Tunisia)|Republican Party]] {{small|(from 2012)}}<br>[[Progressive Democratic Party (Tunisia)|Progressive Democratic Party]] {{small|(until 2012)}}|alma_mater=[[University of Sfax]]}} '''Maya Jribi''' (January 29, 1960 May 19, 2018) bụ [[Tunisia|onye]] ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Tunisia.<ref name="Econ">{{Cite web|url=https://www.leconomistemaghrebin.com/2018/05/19/maya-jribi-nest-plus/|title=Décès de Maya Jribi|author=|first=|date=19 May 2018|work=|publisher=L'economiste Maghrébin|accessdate=19 May 2018|quote=}}</ref> Site na 2006 ruo 2012, ọ bụ onye ndú nke Progressive Democratic Party (PDP). Site na njikọta PDP na Republican Party na Eprel 2012, ruo mgbe ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na 2017, ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke pati etiti. Nna ya si Tatouine, ebe nne ya si [[Algeria]]. Ọ gara akwụkwọ ya na Radès Tunisia, tupu ọ mụọ ihe ọmụmụ ihe ndị dị ndụ na Mahadum Sfax, site na 1979 ruo 1983. N'oge ahụ, ọ sonyere ma bụrụ onye otu ụmụ akwụkwọ, nke a maara dị ka UGET, na Njikọ Tunisian nke Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ. O dere maka Erraï kwa izu na mgbe e mesịrị maka akwụkwọ akụkọ PDP Al Mawkif. Ya na Ahmed Najib Chebbi, Maya Jribi guzobere Progressive Socialist Rally, nke e guzobere na 1983, nke e mechara kpọwa Progressive Democratic Party (PDP). Kemgbe afọ 1986 ọ bụ onye otu ndị isi otu ahụ. Na 25 Disemba 2006, a họpụtara Jribi ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke PDP. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ na-eduzi otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Tunisia. Site na 1 ruo 20 Ọktoba 2007, Jribi, ya na Najib Chebbi, sonyere n'ọgba ọsọ agụụ iji mee mkpesa megide ịkwaga isi ụlọ ọrụ pati ahụ na Tunis, nke kpatara nnukwu nsogbu ahụike nye ya. Jribi bụ onye isi nke ndepụta ntuli aka nke PDP na Ben Arous maka ntuli aka ndị omebe iwu n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2011. Ndepụta PDP nwetara otu oche na Ben Arous dịka nsonaazụ ntuli aka mbụ si dị. N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2012, PDP jikọtara ya na ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ekpe okpukpe iji guzobe ndị Republican Party na Maya Jribi ghọrọ onye ndú nke otu a. O gosipụtara ọkwa ya maka onye isi oche nke Nzukọ Iwu nke Tunisia na Nọvemba 22. Otú ọ dị, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties (Ettakatol), Mustapha Ben Jaafar meriri ya site na votu 145 na 68 na-akwado ya.<ref>[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/561472/politique/tunisie-hommage-unanime-a-maya-jribi-militante-iconique/ Tunisie : hommages unanimes à Maya Jribi, militante iconique]</ref> Maya Jribi bụ onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị n'ezoghị ọnụ. Ọ kpọrọ Israel dị ka "ihe owuwu ndị Zionist", ma kwuo na ọ ga-egbochi ndị njem ala nsọ [[Israel]] ileta ụlọ nzukọ El Ghriba na agwaetiti Djerba. Maya Jribi, kwupụtara ezumike nká ya, n'oge mgbakọ nke Republican Party na 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessnews.com.tn/maya-jribi-fait-ses-adieux-au-secretariat-general-du-joumhouri,520,70070,3 |title=Maya Jribi fait ses adieux au secrétariat général du Joumhouri |accessdate=2022-10-17 |archivedate=2021-06-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609102457/https://www.businessnews.com.tn/maya-jribi-fait-ses-adieux-au-secretariat-general-du-joumhouri,520,70070,3 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.leaders.com.tn/article/21591-maya-jeribi Quand Maya Jribi entre dans la légende]</ref> Na Machị 2018, Center for Research, Studies, Documentation and Information on Women nyere ya otuto maka ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya dị mma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prix Zoubeida Bchir 2017 : 4 œuvres primées et un hommage à Maya Jeribi|url=https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/entry/prix-zoubeida-bchir-2017-4-oeuvres-primees-et-un-hommage-a-maya-jeribi_mg_5aad3c5fe4b0c33361b0ca46|work=huffpostmaghreb.com|language=fr|date=18 March 2018|accessdate=18 March 2018|archivedate=17 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317230456/https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/entry/prix-zoubeida-bchir-2017-4-oeuvres-primees-et-un-hommage-a-maya-jeribi_mg_5aad3c5fe4b0c33361b0ca46}}</ref> N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2018 ọ nwụrụ n'ọrịa kansa.<ref>[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/tunisia-s-leading-woman-politician-who-found-a-second-act-after-the-revolution-1.734116 Tunisia's leading woman politician who found a second act after the revolution]</ref> Onye isi ala nke Tunisia, na nkwupụta gọọmentị, kpọrọ ọnwụ ya ọnwụ nke "onye na-eme ihe n'eziokwu" ma kelee àgwà mmadụ ya na ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Caïd Essebsi salue les qualités humaines et le parcours politique exceptionnel de Maya Jeribi|url=https://www.espacemanager.com/caid-essebsi-salue-les-qualites-humaines-et-le-parcours-politique-exceptionnel-de-maya-jeribi.html|work=espacemanager.com|language=fr|date=19 May 2018|accessdate=19 May 2018|archivedate=22 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522042238/https://www.espacemanager.com/caid-essebsi-salue-les-qualites-humaines-et-le-parcours-politique-exceptionnel-de-maya-jeribi.html}}</ref> == Ihe ịchọ mma == * Onye isi nke Order of the Republic of Tunisia (2015)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kapitalis.com/tunisie/2015/08/14/les-personnalites-feminines-decorees-par-le-chef-de-letat/|title=Les personnalités féminines décorées par le chef d'État|date=2015-08-13}}</ref> * Knight nke National Order of Merit nke Tunisia (2014)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legislation.tn/sites/default/files/journal-officiel/2014/2014F/Jo0332014.pdf|title=Arrêté Républicain|date=2014-03-21|accessdate=2022-10-17|archivedate=2018-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072447/http://www.legislation.tn/sites/default/files/journal-officiel/2014/2014F/Jo0332014.pdf}}</ref> == Ụtụ Isi == N'ọnwa Machị afọ puku abụọ na iri na asatọ , ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nyocha, ọmụmụ, akwụkwọ na ozi gbasara ụmụ nwanyị nyere ya otuto maka ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Onye isi ala nke mba Tunisia kwara arịrị, na nkwupụta mgbasa ozi gọọmentị, maka ọnwụ nke onye na-eme ihe na-eme ma kelee àgwà mmadụ ya na ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espacemanager.com/caid-essebsi-salue-les-qualites-humaines-et-le-parcours-politique-exceptionnel-de-maya-jeribi.html |title=Caïd Essebsi salue les qualités humaines et le parcours politique exceptionnel de Maya Jeribi |accessdate=2022-10-17 |archivedate=2018-05-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522042238/https://www.espacemanager.com/caid-essebsi-salue-les-qualites-humaines-et-le-parcours-politique-exceptionnel-de-maya-jeribi.html }}</ref><ref>[https://english.alarabiya.net/en/features/2018/05/20/Obituary-Maya-Jribi-Tunisia-s-first-woman-party-leader-Maya-dies Obituary: Maya Jribi, Tunisia’s first woman party leader, dies]</ref> Na Mee 21, Ministrị nke Ihe Ndị Nwanyị mara ọkwa na nzukọ ndị isi na isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere aha Maya Jribi ugbu a.<ref>[https://www.espacemanager.com/la-salle-des-reunions-du-ministere-de-la-femme-portera-le-nom-de-maya-jeribi.html La salle des réunions du ministère de la Femme portera le nom de Maya Jeribi]</ref> == Ebenside == <references /> [[Òtù:1960 births]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rorqcesmcrtvbhoxx718z8cg309tzb8 0 34107 632356 138210 2026-05-09T05:19:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nicolas Brice Moumi Ngamaleu''' (amụrụ na 9 Julaị 1994) bụ onye Cameroon ọkachamara na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere otu egwuregwu Premier League nke Russia Dynamo Moscow Ndị otu mba Cameroon. == Ọrụ klọb == Ngamaleu ka dị naanị afọ iri na asaa mgbe o mere Elite One mbụ ya na Coton Sport FC nke Garoua. O meriri n'ụlọ ya ugboro atọ tupu ọ kwaga Austria n'afọ 2016. <ref name="fifa-confed">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180501092841/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/players/player=404382/profile-detail.html FIFA.com]</ref> nyeere Rheindorf Altach aka iru nke anọ na Austrian league. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu Young Boys nke meriri na 2017-18 Swiss Super League, nke mbụ ha nwetara n'asọmpi ruo afọ 32. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Homewood|first=Brian|title=Soccer - Young Boys end 32-year wait for Swiss title and end Basel dominance|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-swiss/soccer-young-boys-end-32-year-wait-for-swiss-title-and-end-basel-dominance-idUKKBN1HZ0YS|accessdate=23 April 2019|work=Reuters|date=28 April 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=FC Dynamo Moscow|url=https://fcdm.ru/news/nikolas-mumi-ngamale-stal-futbolistom-dynamo|title=Николас Муми Нгамалё стал футболистом "Динамо"|date=8 September 2022|accessdate=8 September 2022|language=ru|archivedate=5 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205140955/https://fcdm.ru/news/nikolas-mumi-ngamale-stal-futbolistom-dynamo}}</ref> 8 Septemba 2022, Ngamaleu bịanyere aka na Dynamo Moscow na Russia maka oge abụọ, yana nhọrọ ịgbatị. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ngamaleu mere nke mbụ ya na Ndị otu mba Cameroon megide Guinea na 28 Machị 2017. <ref name="fifa-confed"/> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mazibuko|first=Sandile|title=Christian Bassogog tops Cameroon Confederation Cup squad|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/broos-includes-seven-new-faces-in-cameroons-confed-cup-squad/1dr2n0l819d3r1a74bmep6y3cj|work=Goal|accessdate=23 April 2019}}</ref> gụnyere ya na ndị otu Cameroon maka 2017 Confederations Cup na Russia. [1] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |SCR Altach |2016–17 |Austrian Bundesliga |27 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |27 |6 |- |2017–18 |Austrian Bundesliga |3 |0 |1 |1 |6{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]|name=UEL}} |2 | colspan="2" |— |10 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !30 !6 !1 !1 !6 !2 ! colspan="2" |— !37 !9 |- | rowspan="7" |Young Boys |2017–18 |Swiss Super League |27 |3 |5 |1 |6{{efn|name=UEL}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |38 |5 |- |2018–19 |Swiss Super League |32 |12 |4 |1 |8{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]|name=UCL}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |44 |13 |- |2019–20 |Swiss Super League |33 |7 |6 |4 |7{{efn|Two appearances in UEFA Champions League, five appearances in UEFA Europa League}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |39 |11 |- |2020–21 |Swiss Super League |28 |3 |1 |0 |11{{efn|Two appearances and one goal in UEFA Champions League, nine appearances in UEFA Europa League}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |40 |4 |- |2021–22 |Swiss Super League |31 |4 |1 |0 |6{{efn|Six appearances and one goal in UEFA Champions League}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |38 |5 |- |2022–23 |Swiss Super League |7 |1 |0 |0 |5{{efn|Five appearances UEFA Conference League qualifiers}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |12 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !158 !30 !16 !6 !43 !3 ! colspan="2" |— !212 !39 |- | rowspan="3" |Dynamo Moscow |2022–23 |Russian Premier League |19 |2 |6 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |25 |2 |- |2023–24 |Russian Premier League |12 |2 |4 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |16 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !31 !4 !10 !1 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !41 !5 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !219 !40 !27 !8 !44 !5 !0 !0 !289 !55 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="8" |Cameroon |2016 |5 |2 |- |2017 |9 |0 |- |2018 |1 |0 |- |2019 |3 |1 |- |2020 |3 |0 |- |2021 |10 |1 |- |2022 |12 |0 |- |2023 |6 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !49 !4 |} : Akara <ref name="NFT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/61749/Moumi_Ngamaleu.html|title=Ngamaleu, Moumi|publisher=National Football Teams|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref> nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Cameroon nke mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Ngamaleu ọ bụla gasịrị. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Moumi Ngamaleu gbara ! scope="col" |Mba. ! scope="col" |Ụbọchị ! scope="col" |Ebe a na-anọ ! scope="col" |Onye mmegide ! scope="col" |Ihe ruru ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! scope="col" |Ịsọ mpi |- | align="center" |1 |6 Jenụwarị 2016 |Umuganda Stadium, Gisenyi, [[Rwanda]] | Rwanda | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |1–1 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- | align="center" |2 |25 Jenụwarị 2016 |Ogige Egwuregwu Huye, Butare, Rwanda | DR Congo | align="center" |2–1 | align="center" |3–1 |2016 African Nations Championship |- | align="center" |3 |17 Nọvemba 2019 |Ogige Egwuregwu Ógbè Nyamirambo, Kigali, Rwanda | Rwanda | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |2021 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- | align="center" |4 |6 Septemba 2021 |Egwuregwu Mba nke Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Ivory Coast | Ivory Coast | align="center" |2–1 | align="center" |2–1 |2022 FIFA World Cup iru eru |} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2lcjpmtawi8ira9679ydfd6yotnd4ya 0 37877 632365 195850 2026-05-09T07:04:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632365 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline-block">Mário Bastos</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |A mụrụ ya | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Mário Bastos</div>1986<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mba | class="infobox-data category" |[[Angola]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aha ndị ọzọ&nbsp; | class="infobox-data nickname" |Fradique |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ọrụ (s) | class="infobox-data role" |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye mmepụta, osote onye nduzi, nchịkọta akụkọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Afọ ndị ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |2008-dị ugbu a |} <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://africine.org/personne/fradique-mario-bastos/53081|title=Mário Bastos|work=africine|accessdate=17 October 2020|archivedate=23 January 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123071100/http://africine.org/personne/fradique-mario-bastos/53081}}</ref>'''Mário Bastos''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1986), nke a na-akpọkarị '''Fradique''', bụ Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na [[Angola]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cinafrica.letras.ufrj.br/index.php/filmes/angola/120-mario-bastos-fradique|title=Mário Bastos (Fradique)|work=cinafrica|accessdate=17 October 2020}}</ref> bụ onye ama ama dị ka onye nduzi nke ihe nkiri Alambamento, Independência na Ar Condicionado . [1] Ewezuga iduzi, ọ bụkwa onye edemede, onye mmepụta, osote onye nduzi na onye nchịkọta akụkọ. == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ ya na 1986 na Luanda, Angola . <ref name="Afri">{{Cite web|url=http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=53081|title=Fradique (Mario Bastos): Angola|work=Afri Cultures|accessdate=17 October 2020}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2008, Fradique gara New York Film Academy wee nweta nzere bachelọ ya na nka mara mma (ịduzi) na Academy of Art University na San Francisco . <ref name="Afri"/> N'afọ 2009, o mere ihe nkiri mkpirikpi mbụ ya, Alambamento . Ihe nkiri ahụ meriri ihe nrite maka Best Short Film <ref name="IFFR">{{Cite web|url=https://iffr.com/en/persons/fradique|title=Fradique at IFFR|publisher=IFFR|accessdate=17 October 2020|archivedate=6 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606151637/https://iffr.com/en/persons/fradique}}</ref> Luanda International Film Festival ma bụrụ nhọrọ gọọmentị na Vancouver International Film Festival na Tenerife International Film Festival. [1] N'afọ 2010, Fradique guzobere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta Geração 80 na Jorge Cohen na Tchiloia Lara. N'afọ 2011, ọ gara Berlinale Talent Campus maka ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Site na 2010 ruo 2015, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ihe nkiri mbụ ya zuru oke, Independência . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://filmfreeway.com/independencia|title=Independence|work=Film Freeway|accessdate=17 October 2020}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ lekwasịrị anya na ọgụ nnwere onwe nke Angola ma mesịa merie Angola's Culture National Prize for Cinema. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetakwara ihe nrite maka Best Documentary <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmatique.com/archive-1/2018/independencia|title=Independência: Memories of Colonialism in Angola|work=Filmatique|accessdate=17 October 2020|archivedate=16 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116043259/https://www.filmatique.com/archive-1/2018/independencia}}</ref> Cameron International Film Festival ma bụrụkwa nhọrọ gọọmentị na Durban International Film Festival, Luxor African Film Festival na Pan African Film Festival. [1] Ọ nyekwara ntụziaka maka vidiyo egwu ụlọ maka ndị na-ese ihe na Angola dịka Nástio Mosquito na Aline Frazão. N'afọ 2020, o mere ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo mbụ ya, Ar Condicionado, nke nwere ihe ngosi ya na Rotterdam International Film Festival . <ref name="IFFR"/> <ref name="Afri"/> bụ nhọrọ gọọmentị maka Uganda na Fribourg International Film Festival na 2020. [1] == Mmetụta == Bastos sonyere na mbipụta 2022 nke ntuli aka ihe nkiri Sight & Sound, nke a na-eme kwa afọ 10 iji cheta ihe nkiri kachasị ukwuu n'oge niile ma debe ha n'usoro. Ndị nduzi na ndị nkatọ na-enye ihe nkiri 10 kachasị amasị ha n'oge niile maka ntuli aka ahụ; Bastos họọrọ Koyaanisqatsi: Life out of Balance (1983), ''Rom'' (2018), ''[[Touki Bouki]]'' (1973), ''Paris, Texas'' (1984), Happy Together (1997), Do the Right Thing (1989), Lost in Translation (2003), Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004), ''Lazzaro felice'' (2018), na The City of God (2002).<ref>https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/greatest-films-all-time/all-voters/fradique-bastos</ref> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ọrụ !Ụdị !Ihe mgbochi. |- |2007 |''Kiari'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- |2008 |''Jake na-eme ihe ike'' |Onye na-enyere onye nduzi aka, onye na-emepụta ihe |Ihe nkiri | |- |2011 |''Ịkụ ọkụ'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- |2011 |''Luanda 24/7'' |Onye nduzi |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- |2013 |''Triangle'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede |Ihe nkiri | |- |2014 |''Afripedia Angola'' |Onye edemede, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe nkiri TV | |- |2015 |''Nnwere Onwe'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede, onye nchịkọta akụkọ |Ihe nkiri | |- |2016 |''Ụdị Ịhụnanya Ọbara'' |Onye nduzi |Vidio dị mkpirikpi | |- |2017 |''Alaeze nke Casuarinas'' |Onye nduzi |Ihe nkiri | |- |2017 |''Mba Ikpeazụ'' |Onye na-enyere onye nchịkọta akụkọ aka |Ihe nkiri | |- |2020 |''Okpomọkụ'' |Onye nduzi, onye edemede |Ihe nkiri |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://afrimages.net/air-conditioner-de-fradique-angola/|title=Air Conditioner, by Fradique (Angola)|work=Afrimages|date=6 April 2020|accessdate=7 November 2020}}</ref> |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|nm2603222}} {{authority control}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] powzquhpxwi4x5my6s2m66qc9w3768m 0 37909 632359 631271 2026-05-09T05:29:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632359 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} <ref name="AfricaCultures">Africa Cultures ''Biography''</ref>'''Moussa Sene Absa''', '''''''''Moussa Sène''' Absa'''''', ma ọ bụ Moussa Sènes Absa (aha ziri ezi: Moussa Séne) bụ Onye nduzi ihe nkiri, onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye na-emepụta ihe, onye na'ede ihe nkiri, na-ese ihe na onye na-ede egwu na Senegal. <ref>{{Cite book|title=African filmmaking: North and South of the Sahara|author=Armes|first=Roy|year=2006|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|isbn=978-0-253-21898-8|url=https://archive.org/details/africanfilmmakin0000arme/page/136}}</ref> <ref name="FrenchTelevision">French Television (TV5Monde): ''Les cinémas d'Afrique, l'encyclopédie du film africain''</ref><ref name="AfricaCultures" /> mụrụ ya na 1958 na Tableau Ferraille, nke dịpụrụ adịpụ na Dakar, Senegal, n'ezinụlọ Serer. == Ihe nkiri == Moussa Sène malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri, mana o mechara gaa duzie egwuregwu nke ya La Légende de Ruba, nke o dekwara. A na-asọpụrụ Moussa maka ihe nkiri ya Les Enfants de Dieu (''Ụmụ Chineke'') na mmemme ihe nkiri Francophone na Fort-de-France . <ref name="AfricaCultures">Africa Cultures ''Biography''</ref> Ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ Le Prix du mensonge (The Price of Lies) mere ka o nweta Tanit d'argent (Silver Tanit) na Journées cinématographiques de Carthage (Carthage Film Festival) na 1988 nke kwalitere ọrụ ya dị ka Onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ gara n'ihu merie ọtụtụ ihe nrite mba ụwa na 1992 na ihe nkiri ya bụ Ça Twiste À Poponguine . <ref name="FrenchTelevision">French Television (TV5Monde): ''Les cinémas d'Afrique, l'encyclopédie du film africain''</ref>Ihe nkiri ya bụ Tableau Ferraille wepụtara na 1996 mere ka o nweta ọtụtụ onyinye gụnyere Best Cinematography na [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|FESPACO]] na 1997. <ref name="AfricaCultures" /> <ref name="atplaymall">[http://www.atplaymall.com/cgi-bin/shop.pl/page=msa-beggars-in-the-city.htm/SID=1331503339.22825 At play mall : The Art Biography - ''Moussa Sene Absa's art gallery'']</ref><ref name="WorldService">[[BBC World Service]] : Specials: ''"Who's who at Frespaco"'' (2003)</ref> bụkwa onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị nke Senegal Television ''Goorgorlu'' (2002). <ref name="AfricaCultures" /> [2] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.artistdirect.com/nad/store/movies/principal/credits/0,,2057180,00.html |title=Artist Direct : ''"Moussa Sene Absa Credit"'' |accessdate=2024-03-04 |archivedate=2022-04-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408113710/http://www.artistdirect.com/nad/store/movies/principal/credits/0,,2057180,00.html }}</ref><ref>Africa International Film Festival (2010)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.atplaymall.com/cgi-bin/shop.pl/page=msa-bio.htm/SID=1329134421.3993 |title=At play mall : The Art Biography - ''Moussa Sene Absa's art gallery'' |accessdate=2024-03-04 |archivedate=2025-08-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250814130619/http://www.atplaymall.com/cgi-bin/shop.pl/page=msa-bio.htm/SID=1329134421.3993 }}</ref> emeela <ref name="AfricaCultures" /> ọ dịkarịa ala ihe ndekọ iri metụtara Senegal ma ọ bụ onye na-ede egwu ma ọ bụ na-ede abụ maka ihe nkiri ya niile yana onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye na-emepụta, onye nduzi na onye na-ese ihe nkiri. == Ihe osise == <ref name="atplaymall"/> maara ya maka ihe nkiri ya, egwu na ihe ngosi, ọ bụkwa onye omenkà a ma ama nke a na-egosi ọrụ ya na Senegal, [[Obodo Békè|Europe]] na North America (United States of America karịsịa) na-enweta ọtụtụ puku Dollars. <ref name="AfricaCultures">Africa Cultures ''Biography''</ref> <ref name="WorldService">[[BBC World Service]] : Specials: ''"Who's who at Frespaco"'' (2003)</ref> Ọrụ nka Moussa na-egbuke egbuke ma na-acha odo odo, a na-egosikwa ya kemgbe afọ 1976. Ụdị ya sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ọrụ Rufino Tamayo na Joan Miró, yana akụkụ nke Usoro Africa ochie. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.atplaymall.com/cgi-bin/shop.pl/page=msa-bio.htm/SID=1329134421.3993 |title=At play mall |accessdate=2024-03-04 |archivedate=2025-08-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250814130619/http://www.atplaymall.com/cgi-bin/shop.pl/page=msa-bio.htm/SID=1329134421.3993 }}</ref> gosipụtara ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ nka ya na Frieda na Roy Furman Gallery na Lincoln Center, New York City. == Nhọrọ nke ọrụ == === Ihe nkiri === * 1988: Ihe nrite nke ịgha ụgha''Ihe E Ji Agha Agha'' * 1990: ''Ken Bugul'' * 1991: ''N'aka anyị''; ''Jaaraama''; ''Setal'' * 1992: ''Moolan'' * 1993: Onyinye nye Mame Njare''Onyinye e nyere Nne Njare'' * 1994: Ọ na-agbagọ agbagọ na Poponguine; ''Yalla yaana'' * 1995: Tableau Ferraille''Ihe osise Ferraille'' * 1998: ''Jëf Jël''; Ihe osise ''Ihe osise a tụfuru atụfu'' * 1999: Blues maka diva''Ọchịchịrị maka diva'' * 2001: Ndị mmụọ ozi si otú a nwụọ''N'ụzọ dị otú a ka ndị mmụọ ozi si nwụọ'' * 2002: ''Ọdịnihu pụrụ iche nke Madame Brouette'' (Madame Brouette) * 2004: ''Ngoyaan, abụ nke ịrata'' * 2007: ''Téranga Blues'' * 2010: ''Yoole''<ref name="AfricaCultures">Africa Cultures ''Biography''</ref><ref name="FrenchTelevision">French Television (TV5Monde): ''Les cinémas d'Afrique, l'encyclopédie du film africain''</ref><ref>BBC World Service : Specials: ''"Who's who at Frespaco"'' (2003)</ref> * <ref>Africa International Film Festival (2010), p 15</ref>''2010: The Lost Wings of Angels'' (ihe ngosi) [1] * 2020: Black and White (usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn) * 2022: ''Xalé'' === Ihe osise === * ''Ịkpọ Akụkọ'' * ''Egwú Maka Massene'' * ''Ịma Mma Site na Tableau Ferraille'' * ''Baay Na-adaba Na Paradaịs'' * ''Ezinụlọ'' * ''Ndị na-arịọ arịrịọ n'obodo'' * ''Onye kwere nkwa ọlụlụ'' * ''Ọchịchịrị n'Ime Otu'' * ''Ndị uwe ojii nke Oge Ọzọ''<ref name="atplaymall"/>  == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * (n'asụsụ French) Africa Cultures Biography''Akụkọ ndụ'' * (n'asụsụ French) French Television ([[TV5Monde]]): Les cinémas d'Afrique, encyclopédie nke ihe nkiri Africa ''Ụlọ ihe nkiri nke Africa, encyclopedia nke ihe nkiri Africa'' * (n'asụsụ Bekee) BBC World Service: Specials: "Who's who at Frespaco" (2003) [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1537_whoswho/page4.shtml] * (n'asụsụ Bekee) Africa International Film Festival (2010) [https://web.archive.org/web/20120317100733/http://www.africafilmfest.com/file/foto/Catalogue_last.pdf Emume ihe nkiri mba ụwa nke Afrịka (2010)] * (n'asụsụ Bekee) Na ụlọ ahịa egwuregwu: The Art Biography - Moussa Sene Absa's art gallery[https://web.archive.org/web/20250814130619/http://www.atplaymall.com/cgi-bin/shop.pl/page=msa-bio.htm/SID=1329134421.3993 N'ụlọ egwuregwu: The Art Biography - Moussa Sene Absa's art gallery ''Ebe ngosi nka nke Moussa Sene Absa''] * (n'asụsụ Bekee) "INTERVIEW WITH MOUSSA SENE ABSA, Director of Madame Brouette" site na PCC, isi iyi mbụ: "La Fête Films, 2002", nke Michael Dembrow sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Bishọn[https://web.archive.org/web/20100312000203/http://spot.pcc.edu/~mdembrow/absainterview.htm ''"INTERVIEW WITH MOUSSA SENE ABSA, Director of Madame Brouette"'' site na PCC, isi iyi mbụ: "La Fête Films, 2002", nke Michael Dembrow sụgharịrị n'asụsụ Bekee] {{Serer topics|state=collapsed}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ne5ukzxnnrv572qmru2p0ffzvcabmsw 0 39433 632374 631279 2026-05-09T08:13:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nagwa Ibrahim Saleh Ali''' (amụrụ na 10 June 1975) bụ onye Ijipt bụbu onye na-agba ọsọ.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170510114826/http://www.all-athletics.com/node/108665 Nagwa Ali]. All-Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-edekọ Ihe ndekọ Ijipt na ije ije kilomita 20 na oge ya nke 1:41:08 awa site na 2002. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170906064025/http://eaf-egy.com/Arab/ Egyptian Records]. Egyptian Athletics Association. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.</ref> Ọ bụ onye mmeri Afrịka ugboro atọ ma nọchite anya Ijipt na IAAF World Race Walking Cup ugboro anọ.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/egypt/nagwa-ibrahim-saleh-ali-68205 Nagwa Ibrahim Saleh Ali]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.</ref> <ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afc.htm African Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.</ref><ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afg.htm All-Africa Games]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.</ref>Ali so na ndị nwanyị na-eme njem na Africa na n'etiti mba Arab n'oge ọrụ ya. O nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo atọ n'asọmpi asọmpi egwuregwu Afrịka, merie na 1998, 2002 na 2006.Ọ bụkwa onye gbara ọsọ na 1996 na 2000, gụchara n'azụ Dounia Kara nke Algeria wee mesịa Bahia Boussad. N'egwuregwu All-Africa ọ bụ onye nyere ọla ọcha ugboro abụọ, were ọnọdụ nke abụọ na 5000 mita ije n'azụ Kara na 1995, wee gwụchaa n'azụ Susan Vermeulen nke South Africa na ije kilomita iri na 1999. Na asọmpi mpaghara Arab, ọ bụ onye nwetara ọla edo na 1998 Arab Athletics Championship na 1999 Pan Arab Games. Dị ka ọ dị na ọkwa Afrịka, ọ bụ onye nke abụọ ugboro abụọ na Kara na Arab Championships (1993 na 1995). Ihe nrite ikpeazụ nke ọrụ mba ụwa ya bịara na 2007, mgbe ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ n'azụ Chaima Trabelsi nke Tunisia na 2007 Arab Athletics Championship na Pan Arab Games.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192203/http://www.africathle.com/perso/perf/052007.html Championnats arabes, Amman (Jordanie) 18-21/05]. Africa Athle. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181006215749/http://www.africathle.com/gb/perso/perf/112007.html Results November 2007 - Pan Arab Games]. Athletics Africa. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.</ref> Dịka nwata, ọ nọchitere anya Egypt na 1994 World Junior Championships na egwuregwu. Ọ bụ onye mmeri na 1994 Arab Junior Athletics Championship na onye na esote na 1994 African Junior Athletics Championships. <ref /> Onye na-esotee gbara ọsọ na 1994 African Junior Athletics Championship. ka onye na-eto eto, ọ nọchitere anya Egypt na 1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics. Ọ bụ onye mmeri na 1994 Arab Junior Athletics Championship na onye nke abụọ na 1994 African Junior Athletics Championship . <ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afj.htm African Junior Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.</ref><ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/arj.htm Arab Junior Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.</ref>Onye na-esote == Asọmpi mba ụwa == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- |1993 |[[1993 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] |[[Latakia]], Syria |bgcolor=silver|2nd |10,000 m walk |58:53.18 |- |rowspan=3|1994 |[[1994 African Junior Athletics Championships|African Junior Championships]] |[[Algiers]], Algeria |bgcolor=silver|2nd |5000 m walk |24:28.03 |- |[[1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]] |[[Lisbon]], Portugal |25th |[[1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 5000 metres walk|5000 m walk]] |24:53.02 |- |[[1994 Arab Junior Athletics Championships|Arab Junior Championships]] |[[Tunis]], Tunisia |bgcolor=gold|1st |5000 m walk |25:54.76 {{AthAbbr|CR}} |- |rowspan=2|1995 |[[1995 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] |[[Cairo]], Egypt |bgcolor=silver|2nd |10,000 m walk |52:23.8 |- |[[Athletics at the 1995 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Harare]], Zimbabwe |bgcolor=silver|2nd |5000 m walk |24:25.3 |- |1996 |[[1996 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Yaoundé]], Cameroon |bgcolor=silver|2nd |5000 m walk |24:05.40 |- |1997 |[[1997 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]] |[[Poděbrady]], Czech Republic |90th |10&nbsp;km walk |49:51 |- |rowspan=2|1998 |[[1997–98 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] |[[Ta'if]], Saudi Arabia |bgcolor=gold|1st |20&nbsp;km walk |52:19 |- |[[1998 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Dakar]], Senegal |bgcolor=gold|1st |5000 m walk |24:28.42 |- |rowspan=3|1999 |[[1999 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]] |[[Mézidon-Canon]], France |99th |20&nbsp;km walk |1:52:46 |- |[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Johannesburg]], South Africa |bgcolor=silver|2nd |[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games – Women's 10 kilometres walk|10 km walk]] |50:19 |- |[[Athletics at the 1999 Pan Arab Games|Pan Arab Games]] |[[Irbid]], Jordan |bgcolor=gold|1st |10&nbsp;km walk |51:06 |- |2000 |[[2000 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Algiers]], Algeria |bgcolor=silver|2nd |10&nbsp;km walk |50:15 |- |rowspan=2|2001 |[[Athletics at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie|Francophonie Games]] |[[Ottawa]], Canada |4th |[[Athletics at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results|10,000 m walk]] |47:27 |- |[[Athletics at the 2001 Mediterranean Games|Mediterranean Games]] |[[Radès]], Tunisia |7th |[[Athletics at the 2001 Mediterranean Games – Results|20 km walk]] |1:45:54 |- |rowspan=2|2002 |[[2002 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]] |[[Turin]], Italy |51st |20&nbsp;km walk |1:41:08 |- |[[2002 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Radès]], Tunisia |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[2002 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 10 kilometres walk|10 km walk]] |49:26 |- |rowspan=2|2006 |[[2006 IAAF World Race Walking Cup|World Race Walking Cup]] |[[A Coruña]], Spain |64th |20&nbsp;km walk |1:46:42 |- |[[2006 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Bambous, Mauritius]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[2006 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 20 kilometres walk|20 km walk]] |1:43:22 |- |rowspan=2|2007 |[[2007 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] |[[Amman]], Jordan |bgcolor=silver|2nd |10&nbsp;km walk |51:16.6 |- |[[Athletics at the 2007 Pan Arab Games|Pan Arab Games]] |[[Cairo]], Egypt |bgcolor=silver|2nd |[[Athletics at the 2007 Pan Arab Games – Results|10,000 m walk]] |55:14.6 |} == Utu aha mba == * Egwuregwu Ijipt <ref name="NC">[http://www.gbrathletics.com/nc/egy.htm Egyptian Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-03-06.</ref> ** 5000m track ije: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002 ** Ịga ije kilomita iri n'okporo ụzọ: 1993, 1996, 1997&nbsp; ** 10,000 mita: 1998, 1999 == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị mmeri nke African Championships in Athletics == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Nagwa Ibrahim Saleh AlinaEgwuregwu Ụwa [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 9tp9hmy3jbs5rr4ow6enmpnr1mba3oh 0 45146 632366 167439 2026-05-09T07:14:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632366 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Looking_across_lake_toward_mountains,_"Evening,_McDonald_Lake,_Glacier_National_Park,"_Montana.,_1933_-_1942_-_NARA_-_519861.jpg|alt=A black-and-white photograph shows a large, still lake extending horizontally off the frame and halfway up vertically, reflecting the rest of the scene. In the distance, a mountain range can be seen, with a gap in the center and one faint smaller mountain in between. The sky is cloudy and large dark clouds rest at the very top of the frame.|thumb|300x300px| ''Mgbede, McDonald Lake, Glacier National Park'' (1942)]] Mgbede, McDonald Lake, Glacier National Park bụ foto ojii na ọcha nke Ansel Adams sere na 1942. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu ahụ o weghaara ọtụtụ ibu mba United States na 1941 na 1942 na usoro aha ya bụ Ansel Adams Photographs of  Ogige Ochie na Ncheta Mba, 1941-1942 == Nyocha == <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2722/ |title=Looking Across Lake Toward Mountains, "Evening, McDonald Lake, Glacier National Park," Montana by Ansel Adams, World Digital Library |accessdate=2024-05-23 |archivedate=2021-05-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210528052806/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2722/ }}</ref>Edere foto a na Glacier National Park na Montana ma mmetụta nke ɔdɔ mmirika McDonald, na-ele anya n'ugwu ndị dị anya na igwe ojii.  Foto a na-egosi ịhụnanya mmiri ka na-elu n'ihu na etiti ya na kwụpụta, na-ụ ihe ndị ọzọ ebe ahụ.  N'ebe dị anya, anya ịhụ ugwu ugwu, nke nwere oghere dị n'etiti na otu ugwu dị egwu n'etiti.  Ihu igwe bụ ígwé ojii na nnukwu ígwé ojii na-anọkwa n'elu osisi ahụ Edebere foto a na usoro Ansel Adams Foto nke National Parks and Monuments, 1941 - 1942 na National Archives na College Park.  Enwekwara akara na Library of Congress, na Washington, DC <ref>[https://www.loc.gov/item/2021669743/ Library of Congress]</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} msv3lyr29hi5m6ujkr2ydwvsspb2xwd 0 45491 632353 181340 2026-05-09T03:10:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|URL=}} {{Databox}}'''Mohamed Habib Atia''' (amụrụ 1983), bụ onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri [[Tunisia]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://israelfilmcenterstream.org/film-role/mohamed-habib-attia/|title=Mohamed Habib Attia Films: Laila's Birthday Producer|publisher=Israel Film Center Stream|accessdate=8 November 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=268837.html|title=Mohamed Habib Attia: Producteur|publisher=allocine|accessdate=9 November 2020}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri ndị a ma ama ''Falastine Stereo'', ''Ọ Ka Mma Echi'' na ''Le Challat de Tunis'' . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mubi.com/cast/mohamed-habib-attia|title=Mohamed Habib Attia: PRODUCER, EXECUTIVE PRODUCER|publisher=MUBI|accessdate=9 November 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bde6a157d|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205171953/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bde6a157d|archivedate=February 5, 2021|title=Mohamed Habib Attia|publisher=British Film Institute|accessdate=9 November 2020}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == == Ọrụ == N'afọ 2009, o mebere ihe nkiri ''Laila's Birthday'' dị ka mmepụta mba ụwa na Palestine na Netherlands. Ọ bụ Rashid Masharawi duziri ihe nkiri a. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apsa.bmstaging.com.au/films/lailas-birthday|title=LAILA'S BIRTHDAY (EID MILA LEILA)|publisher=bmstaging|accessdate=9 November 2020|archivedate=3 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103200040/https://apsa.bmstaging.com.au/films/lailas-birthday}}</ref> Na 2011, Atia mepụtara ''No More Fear'' nke Mourad Ben Cheikh mere nhọrọ gọọmentị na Cannes Film Festival wee mesịa na Busan, Taormina, Sheffield, ememme ihe nkiri Dubai. <ref name="cinetelefilms">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinetelefilms.net/en/who-we-are|title=Who we are ?|publisher=cinetelefilms|accessdate=9 November 2020|archivedate=30 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030001316/http://www.cinetelefilms.net/en/who-we-are}}</ref> Na 2012, ihe nkiri ya ''Ọ Ka Mma Echi'' duziri Hinde Boujemaa bụ premiered na nhọrọ gọọmentị na Venice Film Festival, wee nweta ihe nrite Arab Director kacha mma na Dubai International Film Festival . Na 2013, o mepụtara ihe nkiri Rashid Masharawi ''Falastine Stereo'' . Ahọpụtara ya na mmemme ihe nkiri Toronto, Dubai na Chicago. <ref name="artify">{{Cite web|url=https://artify.tn/professional/5bd9dfef1cdda267505b56ff|title=Mohamed Habib Attia: Biography|publisher=artify|accessdate=9 November 2020}}</ref> Na 2016, o sonyeere ''Zaineb n'aime Pas la Neigh'' nke Kaouther Ben Hania duziri. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ihe ngosi ụwa ya na Locarno International Film Festival, wee merie Tanit d'or award na Carthage Cinematographic Days yana ihe nrite maka akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma na Cinemed Montpellier. Na 2014, mmepụta ya ''Le Challaat de Tunis'' meghere ngalaba ACID na ememme Cannes wee nweta ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri mbụ kacha mma na Ememme Namur, maka Onye isi nchịkwa na ihe nkiri kacha mma na Beirut. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tfiny.org/filmmakers/detail/habib|title=Habib Attia: About|publisher=Tribeca Film Festival|accessdate=9 November 2020}}</ref> A họpụtara ihe nkiri ahụ n'ihu ọha na mmemme ihe nkiri Dubai, San Sebastian na Busan ma kesaa ihe nkiri n'ihe karịrị mba 15. <ref name="artify"/> <ref name="cinetelefilms"/> Na 2017, o jikọrọ aka maka mmepụta mba ụwa ọzọ, ''[[Ịma Mma na Nkịta|Mma na Nkịta]]'' . E gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na ngalaba Un Certain Regard na 2017 Cannes Film Festival . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/actualites/articles/the-2017-official-selection|title=The 2017 Official Selection|publisher=[[Cannes Film Festival]]|accessdate=13 April 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiewire.com/2017/04/cannes-2017-lineup-list-film-festival-schedule-1201804813/|title=2017 Cannes Film Festival Announces Lineup: Todd Haynes, Sofia Coppola, 'Twin Peaks' and More|work=[[IndieWire]]|publisher=[[Penske Business Media]]|author=Winfrey|first=Graham|date=13 April 2017|accessdate=13 April 2017}}</ref> Emechara họrọ ya dị ka ntinye Tunisian maka ihe nkiri Asụsụ Mba Ọzọ kacha mma na 91st Academy Awards, mana ahọpụtaghị ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.webdo.tn/2018/09/16/oscars-2019-le-film-tunisien-la-belle-et-la-meute-de-kaouther-ben-hania-representera-la-tunisie-a-la-preselection/|title=Oscars 2019 – Le film "La belle et la meute" de Kaouther Ben Hania représentera la Tunisie à la présélection|author=Neila|first=Driss|work=Tunis Webdo|date=16 September 2018|accessdate=16 September 2018|archivedate=16 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916203721/http://www.webdo.tn/2018/09/16/oscars-2019-le-film-tunisien-la-belle-et-la-meute-de-kaouther-ben-hania-representera-la-tunisie-a-la-preselection/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/oscars-tunisia-selects-beauty-dogs-foreign-language-category-1145416|title=Oscars: Tunisia Selects 'Beauty and the Dogs' for Foreign-Language Category|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Vladimir|author=Kozlov|date=19 September 2018|accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref> E mechara nweta ihe nrite maka ihe okike kacha mma, o mechara nweta ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri kacha mma na Student Jury na Angoulême Francophone Film Festival . <ref name="artify"/> Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nkiri, 'Cinétéléfilms' kemgbe 2007. E hiwere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 1983. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/369863/habib-attia|title=Habib Attia: Foreign Producer, Co-producer, CEO|publisher=unifrance|accessdate=9 November 2020}}</ref> Na 2018, o wepụtara ''[[We Could Be Heroes|Anyị nwere ike ịbụ dike]]'' nke Hind Bensari duziri. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nnukwu ihe nrite na Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival . <ref name="artify"/> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre !Ref. |- |2008 |''The Carthage Castaways'' |Producer |Film | |- |2008 |''A Season Between Heaven and Hell'' |Producer |Short film | |- |2008 |''The Wedding Song'' |Executive producer |Film | |- |2009 |''Laila's Birthday'' |Producer |Film | |- |2010 |''Sideways'' |Producer |Short film | |- |2011 |''No More Fear'' |Producer |Documentary | |- |2011 |''Viva Carthago'' |Producer |Film | |- |2012 |''Cursed Be the Phosphate'' |Producer |Documentary | |- |2012 |''It Was Better Tomorrow'' |Producer |Documentary | |- |2013 |''Democracy: Year Zero'' |Producer |Documentary | |- |2013 |''Falastine Stereo'' |Producer |Film | |- |2013 |''Le Challat de Tunis'' |Producer |Documentary | |- |2014 |''Bobby'' |Producer |Short film | |- |2016 |''Zaineb Hates the Snow'' |Producer |Documentary | |- |2016 |''We Are Just Fine Like This'' |Producer |Short film | |- |2016 |''Avant Première'' |Producer |Short film | |- |2017 |''35 MM'' |Producer |Short film | |- |2017 |''[[Ịma Mma na Nkịta|Beauty and the Dogs]]'' |Producer |Film | |- |2017 |''Writing on Snow'' |Producer |Film | |- |2018 |''[[We Could Be Heroes]]'' |Producer |Film | |- |2018 |''Leila's Blues'' |Producer |Short film | |- |2018 |''Brotherhood'' |Producer |Short film | |- |2018 |''Sheikh's Watermelons'' |Producer |Short film | |- |2019 |''A Son'' |Producer |Film | |- |2019 |''Fataria, Arab Summit'' |Producer |Film | |- |2020 |''The Man Who Sold His Skin'' |Executive producer |Film | |} == Ntụaka == ahọpụtaghị ya. E mechara nweta ihe nrite maka ihe okike kacha mma, o mechara nweta ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri kacha mma na Student Jury na Angoulême Francophone{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|nm2186168}} * [https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt/talent/habib-attia/profile Habib Attia: Producer] * [https://elcinema.com/en/person/2006896/ Habib Attia حبيب عطية] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rome5g8egiaq1l61soynqzv2lzm3m0t 0 45648 632312 198137 2026-05-08T12:20:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632312 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Maame Esi Acquah Taylor''' bụ onye ọchụnta ego ejiji nke Ghana na onye nwe aha ịma mma. Echiri ya okpueze Miss Universe Ghana na 2000 wee nọchite anya Ghana na Miss Universe 2000 pageant na Cyprus. Ugbu a ọ bụ onye nchoputa na onye isi ọrụ (CEO) nke Aha Brands. Amụrụ ma zụlite na Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Cape Coast. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|author=Showbiz|first=Graphic|date=23 March 2017|title=AHA is a dream come true — Maame Esi|work=Graphic|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/aha-is-a-dream-come-true-maame-esi.html|accessdate=10 January 2021}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Maame Esi Acquah Taylor mụrụ na 1980 na Cape Coast, na Central Region nke Ghana. <ref name=":0"/> Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya na St Monica's Primary na Cape Coast University JSS n'etiti 1986 na 1994 tupu ọ gawa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Holy Child Secondary School na Cape Coast. O nyere General Arts n'oge ọmụmụ ya na Holy Child wee mechaa nweta akara ugo mmụta na [[University of cape coast|Mahadum Cape Coast]] . <ref>{{Cite news|date=8 October 2020|title=Edzordzinam Agrosah wins Accra Mall's future fashion fund 2020|work=citibusinessnews|url=https://citibusinessnews.com/edzordzinam-agrosah-wins-accra-malls-future-fashion-fund-2020/|accessdate=10 January 2020}}</ref> == Miss Universe Ghana == == Ọrụ == Taylor malitere ọrụ ya na mpaghara mgbasa ozi site n'ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ mgbasa ozi na onye na-agụ akụkọ na Citi FM nke bụ ụlọ ọrụ redio Accra-English. Ọ gara n'ihu na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi steeti, Ghana Television ebe ọ rụkọrọ ọrụ 'The Breakfast Show' na Gifty Anti. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web|author=by|date=2016-08-07|title=Complete Biography & Profile of Esi Acquah, Miss Ghana Universe 2000|url=https://www.ghanastar.com/profiles/complete-biography-profile-of-esi-acquah-miss-ghana-universe-2000/|accessdate=2021-02-17|work=GhanaStar|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye isi ụlọ akụ na Zenith Bank, Ghana. <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=4 March 2019|title=Aha! Brands Hits Underclothing Market With Lawen Taylor Men's Luxury Line|work=Peacefmonline|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/fashion/201903/376879.php|accessdate=11 January 2021}}</ref> Na Septemba 2020, ọ jere ozi dị ka onye ọka ikpe na Accra Mall Future Ejiji Fund bụ Edzordzinam Agrosah e nyere onye mmeri nke mbipụta nke abụọ. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":3" /> Ntọala ya Aha Pink Warriors hibere na 2018 iji lụso ọrịa kansa ọgụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-05|title=Miss Universe Ghana 2000 Maame Esi Acquah outdoors Aha Pink Warriors Foundation to raise awareness against Breast Cancer – WATCH|url=https://tmghlive.com/events/miss-universe-ghana-2000-maame-esi-acquah-outdoors-aha-pink-warriors-foundation-raise-awareness-breast-cancer-watch/|accessdate=2021-02-17|work=TMGHLive|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Miss Universe Ghana Outdoors Aha Pink Warriors Foundation To Raise Awareness Against Breast Cancer|url=https://m.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/pageants/201810/364887.php|accessdate=2021-02-17|work=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archivedate=2022-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004204414/https://m.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/pageants/201810/364887.php}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-09|title=Miss Universe Ghana outdoors Aha Pink Warriors Foundation to raise awareness against breast cancer|url=https://www.theghanareport.com/miss-universe-ghana-outdoors-aha-pink-warriors-foundation-to-raise-awareness-against-breast-cancer/|accessdate=2021-02-17|work=The Ghana Report|language=en|archivedate=2024-05-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520221649/https://www.theghanareport.com/miss-universe-ghana-outdoors-aha-pink-warriors-foundation-to-raise-awareness-against-breast-cancer/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ababio|first=Jesse|date=2020-09-20|title=Miss Universe Ghana 2020 Will Be Appointed – Menaye Donkor|url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2020/09/20/miss-universe-ghana-2020-will-be-appointed-menaye-donkor/trending/news|accessdate=2021-02-17|work=Kuulpeeps - Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students|language=en-US}}</ref> O hibere Aha Brands na 2012 nke na-ekwu maka ngwa, akwa akwa, uwe igwu mmiri na Lawen Taylor's <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=|first=|date=15 January 2019|title=Aha Intimates hosts male models casting to select brand ambassadors for Lawen Taylor Underwear|work=GhanaWeb|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Aha-Intimates-hosts-male-models-casting-to-select-brand-ambassadors-for-Lawen-Taylor-Underwear-715396|accessdate=11 January 2021}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Taylor lụrụ nwunye ma nwee ụmụ isii. <ref name=":0"/> == Ntụaka == Primary na Cape Coast University JSS n'etiti 1986 na 1994 tupu ọ gawa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Holy Child{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 14cnj1c2nmv89b04rb87ep3ehgdhf5z 0 48531 632324 246719 2026-05-08T17:34:39Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632324 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Mark Shaw''' (June 25, 1921 - Jenụwarị 26, 1969) bụ onye ejiji America na onye na-ese foto ama ama na 1950s na 1960s. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka magazin ''Life'' site na 1952 ruo 1968, n'oge nke mbipụta 27 nke ''Ndụ'' bu foto mkpuchi nke Shaw. <ref name="shawweb">{{Cite web|url=http://markshawphoto.com/markshaw_biography.htm|title=Mark Shaw Biography|publisher=Mark Shaw Photographic Archive|accessdate=2010-03-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917051209/http://markshawphoto.com/markshaw_biography.htm|archivedate=2013-09-17}}</ref> Ọrụ Shaw pụtakwara na <nowiki><i id="mwDg">Esquire</i></nowiki>, ''Harper's Bazaar'', <nowiki><i id="mwEg">Mademoiselle</i></nowiki>, na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. <ref name="shawweb" /> <ref name="PhAnn63">{{Cite journal|year=1962|title=Mark Shaw|journal=Photography Annual, 1963 Edition|pages=42, 190–193}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka foto ya nke John F. Kennedy, nwunye ya Jacqueline Kennedy, na ụmụ ha, Caroline na John F. Kennedy, Jr. Na 1964, e bipụtara ọtụtụ n'ime ihe oyiyi ndị a n'akwụkwọ ''The John F. Kennedys: A. Album ezinụlọ'', nke ghọrọ onye na-ere ahịa kacha mma. == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Shaw '''Mark Schlossman''' na ndị nne na nna na-arụ ọrụ nke ihe nketa [[Owuwa Anyanwu Obodo Beke|Eastern Europe]] na New York City wee tolite na Lower East Side . Nne ya Rebecca (ma ọ bụ Reva) Silverstein (nakwa Kanzer) (1895-1960) bụ onye na-akwa akwa nke Russia na Polish; nna ya Joseph Charles Schlossman bụ onye ọrụ na/ma ọ bụ onye na-ere ahịa nke agbụrụ Austrian. Ha gbara alụkwaghịm mgbe Mak ka bụ nwata. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ gara Mahadum New York, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ mmepụta ihe, <ref name="PhAnn63"/> na Pratt Institute, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nkà na ụzụ ma eleghị anya na-ekpughekwa foto. <ref name="Audrey">{{Cite book|title=Charmed by Audrey: Life on the Set of Sabrina|author=Shaw|first=Mark|date=2009-04-14|publisher=Insight Editions|location=San Rafael, CA|isbn=978-1-933784-87-8|pages=9–19}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, Shaw malitere ọrụ foto ọkachamara ya na New York City, na-elekọta ụlọ ọrụ foto na ''Harper's Bazaar'', bụ ebe ọ bịara n'okpuru nduzi na onye nduzi nke onye nduzi nkà Alexey Brodovitch . <ref name="PhAnn63"/> Site na 1946 ruo 1948, Shaw mere foto ejiji maka ''Harper's Bazaar'' wee malite inweta ndị ahịa mgbasa ozi. Na 1949, Shaw lụrụ Geraldine "Geri" Trotta, bụ onye ọkachamara ejiji na onye edemede njem maka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwRw">Mademoiselle</i></nowiki> . Di na nwunye ahụ zụtara nkume brownstone n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke etiti Manhattan. Shaw guzobere ụlọ ọrụ foto ya n'ụlọ a na-ebu ibu n'azụ ụlọ ha. <ref name="Audrey"/> Malite na 1951, Shaw nyere ihe oyiyi ejiji na ''Mademoiselle'' . N'afọ 1952, Shaw ghọrọ onye na-ese foto na-akwụghị ụgwọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ''ndụ'' ma na-ahọrọ freelancing n'oge ọrụ ya niile ka o wee nwee ike ijide ikike nke ọrụ ya niile - ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ọ nwere ike nweta ọbụna na ihe oyiyi ya kachasị ama. <ref name="Audrey"/> Njikọ Trotta gbasakwuru ohere Mark na-enweta ndị ama ama na ndị ọha na eze, ọrụ ya gara n'ihu. Freelancing on over 100 assignments for ''Life'', Shaw na-ese foto ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ndị ọzọ na-eme ememme, ebe ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ foto ugboro ugboro na ụlọ ọrụ ejiji. Ọ bụ onye na-ese foto mbụ gosipụtara mkpokọta ejiji Paris azụ azụ na agba. <ref name="Audrey" /> Na 1953, eleghị anya n'ihi ahụmahụ ejiji ya, e kenyere Shaw ka ọ na-ese foto na-eto eto Audrey Hepburn n'oge ihe nkiri nke Paramount's <nowiki><i id="mwWg">Sabrina</i></nowiki> . Evasive na mbụ, Hepburn nwere ntụsara ahụ na ọnụnọ Shaw n'ime izu abụọ ma nye ya ohere ịdekọ ọtụtụ oge na nzuzo. <ref>{{Cite book|title=How LIFE Gets the Story|author=Rayfield|first=Stanley|year=1955|publisher=Doubleday|location=Garden City, N.Y.}}</ref> Nke a na-emepụta ụfọdụ n'ime ihe oyiyi ya kacha mara amara, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị na-adịghị mma emesịa furu efu ruo ọtụtụ afọ. <ref name="Audrey"/> ''Ndụ'' bipụtara ọtụtụ n'ime foto ndị a na mbipụta December 7, 1953, nke bukwara mkpuchi Shaw nke Hepburn. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị 1950s, ọrụ Shaw na-erute n'ọkwa ya. N'ime ndị ama ama ndị o sere foto bụ Brigitte Bardot, Cary Grant, Danny Kaye, Grace Kelly, Nico, Pablo Picasso, Yves St. Laurent, Elizabeth Taylor, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. <ref name="shawweb"/> Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 1957 Shaw gosipụtara onye mmebe ejiji Coco Chanel, onye na-eme ihe nkiri Jeanne Moreau, na ihe nlereanya Suzy Parker n'oge otu oge ịse na ụlọ Chanel's Paris na ụlọ ejiji. ''Ndụ'' bipụtara ọtụtụ foto ndị a na akụkọ na Chanel nke pụtara na mbipụta nke August 19, 1957 (nke bụkwa ụbọchị ọmụmụ Chanel). Na 1959, ''ndụ'' họọrọ Shaw ka ọ na-ese foto Jacqueline Kennedy mgbe di ya, Senator John F. Kennedy, na-agba ọsọ maka onyeisi oche. Ọrụ a bụ mmalite nke mmekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide na-arụ ọrụ na ọbụbụenyi onwe onye na ndị Kennedys nke ga-emecha mee ka Shaw dị ka Kennedys' de facto "onye na-ese foto ezinụlọ". Ọ gara leta ha na White House na Hyannisport ; n'oge a, o wepụtara foto ya ndị a ma ama, na-egosi di na nwunye ahụ na ụmụ ha na ma ndị ọchịchị na nke nkịtị. Na 1964, Shaw bipụtara nchịkọta ihe oyiyi ndị a n'akwụkwọ ya ''bụ John F. Kennedys: A Family Album'', bụ nke nwere ihe ịga nke ọma. <ref name="shawweb"/> <ref name="Audrey"/> <ref name="Album">{{Cite book|title=The John F. Kennedys: A Family Album|author=Shaw|first=Mark|year=2000|publisher=Rizzoli|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8478-2273-7|pages=7–13, 154}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Na 1960, Shaw na nwunye mbụ ya Geri Trotta gbara alụkwaghịm. <ref name="Audrey"/> Ya na onye na-agụ egwú Pat Suzuki lụrụ na Maachị 28, 1960. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cIxKAAAAIBAJ&pg=3180,2787766&dq=mark+shaw+photographer&hl=en|title=Pat Suzuki Weds Photographer|date=March 29, 1960|work=The Press-Courier|page=3|accessdate=March 10, 2013}}</ref> Ha mụrụ nwa nwoke, David, afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, ma gbaa alụkwaghịm na February 1965. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PfpEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7222,4568702&dq=mark+shaw+pat+suzuki+david&hl=en|title=Pat Enjoys Being a Girl But Not Singing The Song|date=January 28, 1964|work=The Evening Independent|pages=5–B|accessdate=March 10, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Lm9IAAAAIBAJ&pg=7238,1877549&dq=mark+shaw+pat+suzuki+divorce&hl=en|title=Pat Suzuki, Mark Shaw Divorced|date=February 15, 1965|work=The Milwaukee Sentinel|page=15|accessdate=March 10, 2013}}</ref> == Ihe nketa == Mgbe Shaw nwụsịrị, ala ya, gụnyere nnukwu ọrụ foto ya, nyefere ndị nwunye ya mbụ. Na 1994, nwa Shaw David Shaw na nwunye ya Juliet Cuming weghaara njikwa ihe nketa foto Mark Shaw wee zụta òkè Geri Trotta nke mkpokọta ahụ. Na 1999, ha guzobere Mark Shaw Photographic Archive, na East Dummerston, Vermont, nke bụ ugbu a naanị onye nwe iwu nke ihe oyiyi Mark Shaw. <ref name="Audrey"/> Tupu ịmalite Archive, David Shaw nwere ọrụ dị ka ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri vidio egwu, na Juliet Cuming na-eduzi vidiyo egwu (gụnyere White Zombie's " Thunder Kiss '65 "). Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ. Di na nwunye ahụ na-arụkwa ọrụ na-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ, [http://earthsweethome.com Earth Sweet Home], nke na-akwalite ụlọ na usoro nhazi na-adịgide adịgide . Ebe nchekwa ahụ n'onwe ya ka edobere n'ụdị ahịhịa ahịhịa nke ha wuru onwe ha na-agbaso ụkpụrụ na-adigide. A na-eji ikuku na ike anyanwụ na-arụ ụlọ ahụ. <ref name="shawweb"/> Na December 2005, ọnwa ole na ole mgbe Geri Trotta nwụsịrị, ihe ndị na-adịghị mma nke ogologo oge na-efu site na mpịakọta 60 nke ihe nkiri Mark Shaw gbagburu na 1953 ọrụ Audrey Hepburn na ebe obibi Trotta. E bipụtara nhọrọ ndị a na-achọpụtaghachi na 2009 n'akwụkwọ ''Charmed by Audrey: Life on the Set of Sabrina'' . <ref name="Audrey"/> == Na-arụ ọrụ == === Foto ndị ama ama === * ''Jackie na Caroline n'akụkụ osimiri'', Hyannis Port, 1959. [http://www.monroegallery.com/photographers/detail/id/1191 Foto, ndetu na Monroe Gallery] * ''JFK Ije ije na dunes'', Hyannis Port, 1959. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090818225037/http://www.monroegallery.com/detail.cfm?ID=342 Foto, ndetu na Monroe Gallery] * ''Audrey Walking Away'', Beverly Hills, 1953. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090818225200/http://www.monroegallery.com/detail.cfm?ID=952 Foto, ndetu na Monroe Gallery] * ''Audrey n'okpuru igwe nkụ ntutu'', Paramount Back Lot, 1953. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090818225145/http://www.monroegallery.com/detail.cfm?ID=949 Foto, ndetu na Monroe Gallery] * ''Coco dị na Divan'', Paris, 1957. [http://www.svenskamobler.com/itemdetails.php?id=345322 Foto, ndetu na Andrew Wilder Gallery] * ''Vanity Fair Butterfly Robe Arm Out'', New York, c. 1955. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192647/http://www.svenskamobler.com/itemdetails.php?id=324295 Foto, ndetu na Andrew Wilder Gallery] * ''Vanity Fair Sheer Gown'', New York, c. 1955. [http://www.svenskamobler.com/itemdetails.php?id=99045 Foto, ndetu na Andrew Wilder Gallery] * ''Uwe ọcha nke nwere pearl'', Paris, 1954. [http://www.svenskamobler.com/itemdetails.php?id=371212 Foto, ndetu na Andrew Wilder Gallery] * ''Henrietta Tiarks, onye Dutchess nke Bedford'', Palais Royale, Paris, 1959. [http://www.svenskamobler.com/itemdetails.php?id=129480 Foto, ndetu na Andrew Wilder Gallery] * ''The John F. Kennedys: A Ezinụlọ Album'', Farrar, Straus, 1964. * ''Onye Ozi Udo: Nleta nke Pope Paul VI na United States n’ihe gbasara Udo'', Ụlọ Atọ n’Ime Otu, 1965. (Onye nchịkọta akụkọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ foto.) * ''The Catch na oriri'', Weybright na Talley, 1969. (Onye na-ese foto; ederede Joie McGrail na Bill McGrail dere. Akwụkwọ esi nri anụ ọhịa.) * ''The John F. Kennedys: A Ezinụlọ Album'', Rizzoli, 2003. . (Mbipụta gbasaara, gụnyere onyonyo ọhụrụ.) * ''Audrey mara mma: Ndụ na Set nke Sabrina'', Palace Press, 2009. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-933784-87-8|978-1-933784-87-8]] . (Nke Juliet Cuming na David Taylor dere.) * ''Dior Glamour: 1952-1962'', Rizzoli, 2010. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0847841851|978-0847841851]] . (Onye na-ese foto; ederede nke Natasha Fraser-Cavassoni) == Ihe nrite == * Art Directors Club Awards na 1950, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, na 65 gụnyere ihe nrite ọla edo abụọ. * 1957 Art Directors Club - Award of Distinctive Merit, Editorial Art (Magazine Covers) (maka mkpuchi ''ndụ'' nke Rosalind Russell, Nọvemba 12, 1956) <ref>{{Cite book|title=36th Art Directors Annual - 1957|editor=Robert C. Atherton|year=1957|publisher=Farrar, Straus, Cudahy|location=New York}}</ref> * 1957 Art Directors Club - Award of Distinctive Merit, Editorial Art (Na-abụghị akụkọ ifo - Agba abụọ) <ref>{{Cite book|title=36th Art Directors Annual - 1957|editor=Robert C. Atherton|year=1957|publisher=Farrar, Straus, Cudahy|location=New York}}</ref> * American Television Commercial Festival ( Clio ) ihe nrite: Television/Cinema, Best, 1964: "Night Ride" mgbasa ozi maka Breck Shampoo (Onye nduzi, Igwefoto), ụlọ ọrụ Young &amp;amp; Rubicam, New York. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clioawards.com/archive/|title=CLIO Awards - CLIO Archive|year=2013|work=Archive entry 14381|publisher=Clio Awards|accessdate=23 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813191004/http://www.clioawards.com/archive/|archivedate=13 August 2013}}</ref> * American Television Commercial Festival (Clio) award: Television/Cinema, Best, 1964: "Ford agbanweela" mgbasa ozi maka [[Ụlọ ọrụ Moto Ford|Ford Motor Company]] (Onye nduzi), J. Walter Thompson agency, New York. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clioawards.com/archive/|title=CLIO Awards - CLIO Archive|year=2013|work=Archive entry 14370|publisher=Clio Awards|accessdate=23 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813191004/http://www.clioawards.com/archive/|archivedate=13 August 2013}}</ref> * American Television Commercial Festival (Clio) award: Television/Cinema, Best, 1967: "Okwu na Akwụkwọ" mgbasa ozi maka IBM typewriter (Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta), ụlọ ọrụ Benton &amp;amp; Bowles, New York. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clioawards.com/archive/|title=CLIO Awards - CLIO Archive|year=2013|work=Archive entry 14067|publisher=Clio Awards|accessdate=23 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813191004/http://www.clioawards.com/archive/|archivedate=13 August 2013}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://markshawphoto.com Saịtị gọọmentị] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911134522/http://andrewwildergallery.com/ Andrew Wilder Gallery - Mark Shaw Foto] (Eji, onye ama ama na eserese ezinụlọ Kennedy site na Shaw) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101028194933/http://www.monroegallery.com/display.cfm?id=64 Monroe Gallery of Photography: Kennedy ezinụlọ na ihe onyonyo ama ama nke Shaw] * [http://www.mptvimages.com/cgi-bin/imageFolio.cgi?search=mark%20shaw&img=832&cat=Licensed/Non-Restricted&bool=and mptvimages.com - Kọntaktị na-enye ikike na mmekọrịta maka onyonyo Mark Shaw] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] abysy3uvzp4l8u8pexuazeshl9ilqkb 0 51057 632380 622619 2026-05-09T10:28:45Z HinduAitihya 61456 /* */ 632380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|children=16 May 2009}} [[File:Suvendu Adhikari West Bengal India.jpg|thumb|Suvendu Adhikari]] [[File:Signature of Suvendu Adhikari (English).png]] Suvendu Adhikari (amụrụ 15 Disemba 1970) [1] bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị India sitere na Bharatiya Janata Party onye bụ onye ndu ugbu a nke mmegide na West Bengal Legislative Assembly kemgbe 2021 na onye otu West Bengal omebe iwu omebe iwu sitere na Nandigram Assembly constituency kemgbe 2021. sitere na Contai South (mpaghara Vidhan Sabha) site na 2006 ruo 2009<ref name="HT_1">{{Cite news|author=Manral|first=Karan|title=Mamata Banerjee challenges Suvendu Adhikari's Nandigram win in Calcutta High Court|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-challenges-suvendu-adhikari-s-nandigram-win-in-calcutta-hc-101623948924307.html|accessdate=29 May 2022|work=Hindustan Times|date=17 June 2021|language=en}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ mbụ dị ka onye minista ụgbọ njem site na 2016 ruo 2020, mmiri mmiri na mmiri sitere na 2018 ruo 2020 na Gọọmenti West Bengal. Ọ bụkwa onye otu Lok Sabha sitere na Tamluk site na 2009 ruo 2016 na onye isi oche nke Jute Corporation of India site na 2020 ruo 2021. Ọ bụbu onye otu Trinamool Congress site na 1998 ruo 2020 na Indian National Congress site na 1995 ruo 1998. bụ nwa Sisir Adhikari, onye omeiwu na onye bụbu Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka mmepe ime obodo na gọọmentị Manmohan Singh..<ref>{{Cite news|author=Bhattacharya|first=Ravik|title=Had no work, say former TMC ministers in UPA govt|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/had-no-work-say-former-tmc-ministers-in-upa-govt/story-u42OCyo4PuSXfNtPwjP3hO.html|accessdate=29 May 2022|work=Hindustan Times|date=23 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://westbengalelectionresult.com/suvendu-adhikari-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/469|title=Suvendu Adhikari -Profile|accessdate=20 June 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029035522/http://westbengalelectionresult.com/suvendu-adhikari-profilecontact-blogs-news-address/469|archivedate=29 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Election Commission of India|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210|accessdate=2 May 2021|work=results.eci.gov.in|archivedate=3 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503202328/https://results.eci.gov.in/Result2021/ConstituencywiseS25210.htm?ac=210}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nandigram Election Result 2021 LIVE: Nandigram MLA Election Result & Vote Share - Oneindia|url=https://www.oneindia.com/nandigram-assembly-elections-wb-210/|accessdate=29 May 2022|work=OneIndia|archivedate=27 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627210242/https://www.oneindia.com/nandigram-assembly-elections-wb-210/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nandigram Assembly Election Results 2021 LIVE - Nandigram Vidhan Sabha Election Results|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/nandigram-west-bengal-election-result-2021|work=Times Now|accessdate=29 May 2022}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Adhikari na 15 Disemba 1970 nye Sisir Adhikari na Gayatri Adhikari na Karkuli na mpaghara Purba Medinipur na West Bengal. Sisir Adhikari bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na onye bụbu onye isi ala na ozi nke abụọ Manmohan Singh wee họpụta ya na Lok Sabha site na mpaghara Kanthi na 2019.[8][9] Adhikari alụbeghị di.<ref>{{Cite news|title=ভাইরা বিয়ে করলেও অকৃতদার তিনি, জানুন কেমন শুভেন্দুর সংসার|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/elections/west-bengal-assembly-elections/story/former-wb-minister-suvendu-adhikary-explained-why-he-unmarried-255166-2020-12-16|accessdate=28 May 2023|work=Aaj Tak বাংলা|date=16 December 2020|language=bn}}</ref> Otu n'ime ụmụnne Suvendu, Soumendu, bụ onyeisi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ime obodo. <ref name="AN">{{Cite web|title=Nandigram: Trinamool's stronghold, one family's stranglehold|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/india/judge-loya-death-supreme-court-dismisses-probe-into-the-death-p7fdmb|publisher=Asia Net News|accessdate=27 April 2019}}</ref> Dibyendu Adhikari, onye a họpụtara na Lok Sabha na 2019 site na mpaghara Tamluk, bụkwa nwanne ya nwoke. Adhikari nwetara nzere Master of Arts na Netaji Subhas Open University. <ref name="LS">{{Cite web|title=Suvendu Adhikari|url=https://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4501&lastls=16|publisher=Lok Sabha|accessdate=22 September 2022}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mbụ == A họpụtara Adhikari na mbụ dị ka onye kansụl site na Indian National Congress na Adaver Municipality na 1995.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The importance of being Suvendu Adhikari: Why the TMC strongman is miffed with the party leadership|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/the-importance-of-being-suvendu-adhikari-why-the-tmc-strongman-is-miffed-with-the-party-leadership/684054|accessdate=17 December 2020|work=Times Now|date=19 November 2020}}</ref> N'afọ 2006, a họpụtara Adhikari ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu nke West Bengal site na mpaghara Ada Dakshin. Ọ ghọkwara onye isi oche nke obodo Ada n'otu afọ ahụ. <ref name="LS"/> Na 2007, Adhikari butere ngagharị iweta ala na Nandigram. Ọ duru kọmitii Bhumi Uchhed Pratirodh. Gọọmentị Left Front na-achị na West Bengal mere atụmatụ inweta ala 10,000 n'ime obodo iji guzobe mpaghara akụ na ụba pụrụ iche.[12][13][14] Usoro a mere ka Mamata Banerjee banye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị etiti nke Bengali.[14] CID steeti boro ebubo na Adhikari enyela ndị Maoist ngwa agha ka ha bute ngagharị iwe megide gọọmentị steeti ahụ. Mgbe Adhikari nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na Nandigram, Banerjee mere ya onye na-ekiri (na-ahụ maka) nke Jangal Mahal ya bụ Paschim Medinipur, Purulia na Bankura. O nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbasawanye isi pati ahụ na mpaghara ndị a.<ref name="HT">{{Cite news|title=From Nandigram to Murshidabad - Suvendu Adhikari is Mamata Banerjee's all weather man|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/from-nandigram-to-murshidabad-suvendu-adhikari-is-mamata-banerjee-s-all-weather-man/story-kNqePhKEQzC9SE9BpPs34M.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|accessdate=27 April 2019|date=26 August 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2009, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Lok Sabha site na mpaghara Tamluk.<ref>{{Cite news|title=In Contai, it's family first for Trinamool's Sisir Adhikary|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/in-contai-it-s-family-first-for-trinamool-s-sisir-adhikary/537544/|work=[[Indian Express]]|accessdate=27 April 2019|date=5 November 2009}}</ref> O meriri onye iro ya kacha nso Lakshman Set nke Communist Party of India (Marxist) site na ihe dị ka vootu 173,000.<ref name="SA">{{Cite web|date=17 May 2009|title=Nandigram swings two seats in East Midnapore in Trinamool's favour|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/nandigram-swings-two-seats-in-east-midnapore/461025/|accessdate=30 July 2009|publisher=Indian Express 17 May 2009}}</ref> Na ntuli aka nke 2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly, Adhikari zutere Abdul Kadir Sheikh nke Left Front - Indian National Congress alliance na Nandigram constituency.<ref name="ET">{{Cite news|title=Trinamool Congress confident of victory in Nandigram|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/trinamool-congress-confident-of-victory-in-nandigram/articleshow/52103488.cms?from=mdr|work=[[The Economic Times]]|accessdate=27 April 2019|date=4 May 2016}}</ref> Mgbe a họpụtara ya, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka onye omeiwu si na mpaghara Tamluk. A ṅụrụ ya iyi dị ka Minista nke Transport na Ozi nke Abụọ nke Mamata Banerjee na 27 Mee 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|title=List of Ministers in Mamata's cabinet|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/list-of-ministers-in-mamatas-cabinet/article8654872.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=30 April 2019|date=27 May 2016}}</ref> Adhikari gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa onye isi oche nke Hooghly River Bridge Commission (HRBC), otu iwu kwadoro n'okpuru Gọọmentị nke West Bengal na 26 Nọvemba 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tmc-mla-suvendu-adhikari-resigns-transport-irrigation-minister-1744603-2020-11-27|title=TMC's Suvendu Adhikari steps down as Bengal minister a day after resigning as Hooghly commission chairman|publisher=India Today|date=27 November 2020|accessdate=27 November 2020}}</ref> Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka Minista Na-ahụ Maka Njem na West Bengal na 27 Nọvemba 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/west-bengal-tmc-rebel-leader-suvendu-adhikari-resigns-as-transport-minister-in-mamata-govt/687503|title=West Bengal: TMC rebel leader Suvendu Adhikari resigns as Transport Minister from Mamata govt|publisher=Times Now|date=27 November 2020|accessdate=27 November 2020}}</ref> O nyefere onye na-ekwuchitere West Bengal Legislative Assembly dị ka MLA na 16 Disemba 2020 nke onye na-ekwupụta ya na mbụ n'ihi nkà na ụzụ. Otú ọ dị, a nabatara ya na 21 Disemba 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Sanyal|first=Anindita|date=16 December 2020|title=Trinamool's Suvendu Adhikari Quits As MLA Amid Reports He Will Join BJP|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/trinamool-dissident-suvendu-adhikari-resigns-as-mla-amid-reports-he-will-switch-to-bjp-2339450|work=NDTV|accessdate=5 May 2021}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2020, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'òtù All India Trinamool Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Didi aide Suvendu Adhikari exits TMC, sparks a spate of resignations|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/didi-aide-suvendu-adhikari-exits-tmc-sparks-a-spate-of-resignations/articleshow/79787773.cms|accessdate=29 May 2022|work=The Times of India|date=18 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Phadikar|first=Anshuman|date=6 July 2021|title=Suvendu Adhikari meets victims of post-poll violence in East Midnapore|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/suvendu-adhikari-meets-victims-of-post-poll-violence-in-east-midnapore/cid/1821357|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=6 July 2021}}</ref> Na 19 Disemba 2020, ọ sonyeere Bharatiya Janata Party n'ihu Minista Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ime Amit Shah.<ref>{{Cite news|title=অমিত শাহের হাত ধরে বিজেপিতে যোগদান করলেন শুভেন্দু অধিকারী সহ ৯ জন বিধায়ক|url=https://banglahunt.com/subhendu-join-bjp-with-9-mla/|accessdate=29 May 2022|work=Bangla Hunt|date=19 December 2020|language=bn}}</ref> === 2021 Nhọrọ Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke West Bengal === O meriri onye isi minista nke West Bengal Mamata Banerjee na oche nzukọ Nandigram na ntuli aka nke 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly site na votu 1,956.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nandigram election result 2021: Suvendu Adhikari beats Mamata by 1,736 votes|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/mamata-vs-suvendu-all-eyes-on-nandigram-as-counting-underway-in-west-bengal/articleshow/82350838.cms|accessdate=29 May 2022|work=The Times of India|date=2 May 2021}}</ref> Mamata Banerjee etinyela akwụkwọ mkpesa na ụlọ ikpe dị elu nke Calcutta na-agbagha mkpebi ikpe nke Nandigram.<ref name="HT_1"/> Na 10 Mee, Minista Union Ravi Shankar Prasad kwupụtara Suvendu Adhikari dị ka onye ndú nke ndị omeiwu BJP na nzukọ West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Suvendu Adhikari Elected Opposition Leader In West Bengal Assembly|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/suvendu-adhikari-elected-opposition-leader-in-west-bengal-assembly-2438995|accessdate=29 May 2022|work=NDTV|date=10 May 2021}}</ref> == Akụkọ banyere ntuli aka == * 1995: A họpụtara ya dị ka onye kansụl site na Indian National Congress na Contai Municipality Obodo nta Contai * 2006: A họpụtara ya na West Bengal Vidhan Sabha, site na Ada Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency) dị ka onye otu AITC .<ref>{{Cite news|title=जानिए कौन हैं शुभेंदु अधिकारी, जिन्होंने ममता को दिया जोर का झटका; कभी उनकी सरकार में थे नंबर 2|url=https://hindi.asianetnews.com/gallery/national-news/know-who-is-suvendu-adhikari-who-resign-as-tmc-mla-west-bengal-kpp-qlfk7c|accessdate=29 May 2022|work=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|date=16 December 2020|language=hi}}</ref> ** Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'etiti oge iji sonye na Lok Sabha * 2009: A họpụtara ya na Lok Sabha, site na Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency), onye otu AITC (All India Trinamool Congress) <ref>{{Cite news|author=Chowdhury|first=Santanu|date=27 November 2020|title=Explained: The importance of Suvendu Adhikari — to Trinamool Congress and BJP|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-the-importance-of-minister-suvendu-adhikari-to-trinamool-bjp-7051063/|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=29 May 2022}}</ref> * 2014: A họpụtara ya na Lok Sabha, site na Tamluk (Lok Sabha constituency) Tamluk (Mpaghara Lok Sabha) ** Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'etiti oge iji sonye na Vidhan Sabha * 2016: A họpụtara ya na West Bengal Vidhan Sabha, site na Nandigram (Vidhan Sabha constituency) , onye otu AITC <ref name="result">{{Cite news|title=Mamata Banerjee Loses To Suvendu Adhikari In Nandigram, Will Go To Court|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mamata-banerjee-wins-close-battle-in-nandigram-defeats-suvendu-adhikari-2426442|accessdate=29 May 2022|work=NDTV|date=3 May 2021}}</ref> * 2021: A họpụtara ya na West Bengal Vidhan Sabha site na ịkụ Mamata, site na Nandigram (Vidhan Sabha constituency) , onye otu BJP <ref name="result" /> == Arụmụka == === Aghụghọ Saradha === == Hụkwa == * 2021 Nandigram esemokwu * Mukul Roy * Arjun Singh * Saumitra Khan * Rajib Banerjee == Ihe edeturu == <nowiki>.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> == Ebem si dee == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] e0a6mla2c441uuucuungli67du4h6x0 0 52380 632315 188784 2026-05-08T12:56:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632315 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohammed Magdi Qorqor''', bụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Egyptian Labour Party, onye Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Na-eme n'Egypt kwụsịrị ọrụ ya n'afọ 2000. Ọ bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye nta akụkọ Ijipt, na prọfesọ na onye isi nke Ngalaba Atụmatụ Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Infrastructure College of Urban Planning Cairo University. O nwere ọrụ a ma ama na [[Engineers Against the Guard|Ndị Injinia Na-emegide Ndị Nche]], ọ bụkwa onye ndú na National Alliance to Support Legitimacy ma jụ nnupụisi ahụ, nke e mepụtara na 2013 megide nnupụis ndị agha na Egypt. == Degree sayensị == * Bachelor of Civil Engineering (BSc) - Mahadum Cairo - July 1975 * Master of Science (MSc) na Civil Engineering 1981 * Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) na Civil Engineering 1986 == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == * Odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Labour Party (Egypt), June 2011. * Onye enyemaka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Labour Party 1993 ruo June 2011 * Onye enyemaka onye nhazi Egypt Movement for Change "Kifaya" (February 2007 - January 2011). * Otu n'ime ndị guzobere na onye otu Executive Office Egyptian Movement for Change "Kifaya" (February 2005 - February 2007). * Onye otu Board of Trustees nke Global Campaign to Counter the Aggression (February 2005 - ụbọchị) * Onye otu Islamic National Conference - 2000 ruo taa (Beirut) * Onye nhazi nke Front of the Ummah Scholars and Thinkers - Cairo (2003-2007) * Onye otu National Committee for the Defence of Prisoners of Conscience (1993-dị ugbu a). * Odeakwụkwọ nke agụmakwụkwọ - Labour Party 1989 ruo June 2011 * O sonyere n'ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Cairo (1970-1975) == Mkpọrọ na njide == E jidere Qorqor na 2 Julaị 2014 otu ụbọchị tupu ncheta mbụ nke nnupụisi ndị agha na Egypt na mgbe National Alliance to Support Legitimacy kpọrọ oku maka ngagharị iwe na ncheta ahụ, a na-ebo ya ebubo isonyere otu ndị na-eyi ọha egwu na ịkpali ime ihe ike, dịka nyocha si kwuo <ref>[https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/475599 The Public Prosecution accuses Magdy Qorqor of joining a terrorist group], Al-Masry Al-Youm, published on 3 July 2014, accessed 3 July 2014.</ref> Otú ọ dị, ụlọ ikpe tọhapụrụ ya n'okwu ahụ n'ihi na ikpe amaghị ya. <ref>[https://www.youm7.com/story/2016/3/24/%D8%A5%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%89-%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%84-%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%89-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86/2643709 The release of Magdy Qarqar ... and rulings in absentia that disrupt Magdy Hussein's exit], The seventh day, published on 24 March 2016, entered on 21 October 2020.</ref> E jidere Qorqor na mbụ na ihe omume nke 6 Eprel 2008 na ndị ntorobịa nke Eprel 6, a tọhapụrụ ya mgbe ụbọchị iri na asatọ gachara ụmụ akwụkwọ kọleji ya na Mahadum Cairo gosipụtara, na-ekwupụta njide ya. == Ntụaka == 1. Mkpagbu ọha na eze na-ebo Magdy Qorqor ebubo isonyere otu ndị na-eyi ọha egwu, Al-Masry Al- Youm, ebiputara na 3 Julai 2014, enwetara 3 Julai 2014. 2. Ntọhapụ nke Magdy Qorqor na mkpebi ndị na-anọghị na-akpaghasị Magdy Hussein" dị, na ubochi nke asaa, ebiputara na 24 Maachi 2016, banyere 21 oktoba 2020. == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080209205305/http://www.harakamasria.org/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kefaya] * [http://www.merip.org Akụkọ Middle East Online] * [http://www.opendemocracy.net Ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya] * [https://www.hrw.org Human Rights Watch] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200605112929/https://carnegieendowment.org/ Carnegie Endowment for International Peace] {{Arab Spring}} e9sc0wau129p9xdkobj310j1y3wtvv6 0 54264 632328 209323 2026-05-08T18:06:44Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632328 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Martha Walter (Maachị 19, 1875 - Jenụwarị 1976) bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri America.''' == Agụmakwụkwọ == [[Usòrò:Motherhood_by_Martha_Walter.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| ''Ịbụ nne'' site na Martha Walter, site na 1915]] Nwa afọ Philadelphia, Walter gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="David">{{Cite web|title=Martha Walter|url=http://www.daviddavidgallery.com/artists/martha-walter4|work=David David Gallery|accessdate=28 March 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.daviddavidgallery.com/artists/martha-walter4 "Martha Walter"]. ''David David Gallery''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ gụrụ nka na Pennsylvania Museum na School of Industrial Art (nke bụzi Mahadum nke Arts College of Art and Design) site na 1895 ruo 1898 na Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia . <ref name="Alumni">{{Cite web|title=Notable Alumni|url=http://library.uarts.edu/archives/notablealumni.html#mwalter|work=The University of the Arts Libraries|accessdate=7 March 2015|archivedate=21 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221080628/http://library.uarts.edu/archives/notablealumni.html#mwalter}}</ref> Ọ bụ William Merritt Chase kụziiri ya. O meriri Toppan Prize nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ (1902) na Cresson Traveling Scholarship (1908). <ref name="Slack">{{Cite journal|author=Slack|first=Helen L.|title=Martha Walter, Painter of Joyous Children|journal=International Studio|date=1914|volume=52|issue=April|pages=42–45|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfdGAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR42|accessdate=27 March 2017}}</ref> N'afọ 1909, o ritekwara Ihe nrite Mary Smith nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ maka ihe osise kachasị mma nke nwanyị na-ese ihe.<ref name="AMN1909">{{Cite journal|title=Art Museum Notes|journal=Academy Notes|date=1909|volume=4|issue=10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lr_lAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA180}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'iji ohere agụmakwụkwọ Cresson mee njem gaa Spain, Ịtali, Netherlands, na France. Na France, ọ natara nkuzi n'aka Rene Menard na Lucien Simon na Académie de la Grande Chaumière.[1] Walter mere ihe ngosi na gallery George Petit na Paris na 1922. Gọọmenti France zụtara otu n'ime ọrụ ya akpọrọ The Checked Cape.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.askart.com/artist_bio/Martha_Walter/23874/Martha_Walter.aspx|title=Biography from the Archives of askART|author=Sternberg|first=Paul|date=|work=www.askart.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327165751/http://www.askart.com/artist_bio/Martha_Walter/23874/Martha_Walter.aspx|archivedate=2017-03-27|accessdate=}}</ref> A jara ya mma n'oge ọ malitere ọrụ ya maka "ihe ngosi nke obere ụmụaka" na ihe osise dịka The Picnic na A Parasol Tea, nke a maara karịsịa maka ojiji ọ na-eji agba.<ref name="Slack"/><gallery> Usòrò:Brittany_family_by_Martha_Walter.jpg|''Brittany family'' by Martha Walter Usòrò:Englisth_Nurse_by_Martha_Walter.png| ''English Nurse'' by Martha Walter (b&w reprint) Usòrò:A_Parasol_Tea_by_Martha_Walter.jpg|''A Parasol Tea'' by Martha Walter (b&w reprint) Usòrò:The_Picnic_by_Martha_Walter.jpg| ''The Picnic'' by Martha Walter (b&w reprint) Usòrò:La_Plage_by_Martha_Walter.jpg|''La Plage'' by Martha Walter (b&w reprint) </gallery>N'afọ 1930, Walter gara North Africa wee malite ịse ebe ahịa Tunis, Tripoli na Algiers.[1] Anyanwụ Africa nyere ọkụ dị iche karịa ihe nkiri ọ na-emebu na America na France. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na New England, o hiwere ụlọ ihe nkiri na Gloucester, Massachusetts, bụ ebe ọ na-esekarị ihe nkiri osimiri. Ọ gara n'ihu kuzie nka na Chase's New York School of Art.[1] Ya na otu n'ime ụmụnne ya nwanyị na-ebikarị, na mgbe ụfọdụ, ya na Alice Schille na-eme njem n'oge okpomọkụ, bụ onye ọ zutere dị ka nwa akwụkwọ nka.<ref name="Higgins">{{Cite news|author=Higgins|first=Edward|title=Hidden treasures The 'Impressionist Jewels' exhibit reveals the underappreciated work of 20th-century Philadelphia painter Martha Walter|url=http://www.southphillyreview.com/2002/nov/7/hidden_treasures-71846137/#.WNl6hY61vF0|accessdate=27 March 2017|work=[[South Philly Review]]|date=November 7, 2002}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHiggins2002">Higgins, Edward (November 7, 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170328105240/http://www.southphillyreview.com/2002/nov/7/hidden_treasures-71846137/#.WNl6hY61vF0 "Hidden treasures The 'Impressionist Jewels' exhibit reveals the underappreciated work of 20th-century Philadelphia painter Martha Walter"]. ''[[South Philly Review]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> David David Gallery nke Philadelphia zụtara ala ya na ngwụcha afọ 1960. Walter nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ruo afọ ole na ole tupu ọnwụ ya na 1976 mgbe ọ dị afọ 100.<ref name="David"/> == Nkwado == Eserese Walter nke 1922 The Telegram, Ụlọ Nkpọrọ (Ellis Island) so na ihe ngosi mmalite nke National Museum of Women in the Arts, American Women Artists 1830-1930, na 1987.[1] Nleghachi azụ nke gosipụtara ọrụ ya gụnyere Martha Walter, na George Thomas Hunter Museum of Art, Chattanooga, TN na 1953; Martha Walter, Hammer Galleries, New York, NY, na 1974–1975; na Jewels Impressionist: Ihe osise nke Martha Walter, Nleghachi azụ, na ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Woodmere na 2002.<ref name="CLARA">{{Cite web|title=Martha Walter|url=http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail_print&entity_id=8601|work=CLARA: Database of Women Artists|accessdate=28 March 2017|archivedate=2 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302151027/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail_print&entity_id=8601}}</ref><ref name="Higgins"/> == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite book|author=Alterman|first=James M.|title=New hope for American art : a comprehensive showing of important 20th century painting from and surrounding the New Hope art colony|date=2005|publisher=Jims of Lambertville|location=Lambertville, NJ|isbn=0-9772665-0-8}} * William H. Gerdts "Martha Walter - A Retrospective" American Art Review, September/October 2002, Vol. 14 Mbipụta 5, peeji nke 150-192. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} iyk6babvmpt12mwid4zwgmj9eb67zs9 0 54416 632340 515531 2026-05-08T21:21:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Melanie Díaz González''' (amuru May 7, 1996) bu onye egwu bọọlụ Puerto Rican . Dịka Ọgọst 2019, ọ nọrọla n'ọnọdụ 88th yana isi 3840 na ọkwa ụwa ụmụ nwanyị ITTF . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.metro.pr/pr/deportes/2018/07/18/sueno-hecho-realidad-bladimir-diaz-dirigir-tres-hijas.html|title=Sueño hecho realidad para Bladimir Díaz dirigir a sus tres hijas|author=Torres Montalvo|first=Victor|date=July 8, 2018|work=Metro News (PR)|accessdate=August 8, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tabletennis.guide/alldata.php?name=melanie-diaz-112463|title=Diaz Melanie: ranking history (ITTF)|work=Table Tennis Guide|accessdate=August 7, 2019|archivedate=July 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725123038/https://tabletennis.guide/alldata.php?name=melanie-diaz-112463}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ Melanie Díaz na Mee 7, 1996, nye Bladimir Díaz na Marangely González na ọ bụ ọkpara n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị anọ bụkwa ndị na-eme egwuregwu tenis, Fabiola, Gabriela na Adriana . Nne nne ya hibere ma wulite tenis table dị ka nnukwu egwuregwu na obodo ugwu Utuado, ebe ezinụlọ ya tolitere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ittf.com/2016/11/29/family-identity-past-future/|title=My family, my identity, my motivation|author=Marshall|first=Ian|date=November 29, 2016|work=ITTF|accessdate=August 8, 2019}}</ref> Tụnyere ndị egwuregwu ndị ọzọ nọ n'ọkwa ya, nna nke ya zụrụ ya ma zụọ ya. Melanie bụkwa nwa nwanne onye ọkpọ egwuregwu tennis Brian Afanador si n'akụkụ nne ya. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/deportes/otrosdeportes/nota/bladimirdiazyamepuedomorirfeliz-2510325/|title=Bladimir Díaz sobre el bronce de Melanie: "Ya me puedo morir feliz"|author=Ribas Reyes|first=Fernando|date=August 7, 2019|work=El Nuevo Día|accessdate=August 8, 2019}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ma na-akwado ngagharị ikike ụmụ anụmanụ ma na-eme veganism . == Ọrụ == === Mba ịrị elu === Melanie Díaz gbabara n'ọgbọ egwuregwu mba ụwa site n'inweta ọlaọcha na okpukpu abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị n'akụkụ nwanne ya nwanyị Adriana n'oge egwuregwu 2014 Central America na Caribbean . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.primerahora.com/deportes/otros/nota/brillaeltenisdemesaenlosjuegosdeveracruz2014-1049272/|title=Brilla el tenis de mesa en los juegos de Veracruz 2014|author=Pillot Ortiz|first=Víctor|date=November 21, 2014|work=Primera Hora|accessdate=August 15, 2019}}</ref> Na 2015, o meriri nrite ọla kọpa Pan American mbụ ya na asọmpi otu ụmụ nwanyị n'akụkụ Adriana Díaz na onye otu ya, Carelyn Cordero na 2015 Pan American Games . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telemundopr.com/noticias/local/Dos-medallas-de-bronce-en-tenis-de-mesa-317963771.html|title=Dos medallas de bronce en tenis de mesa|date=July 22, 2015|work=Telemundo|accessdate=August 15, 2019}}</ref> Na egwuregwu Central America na Caribbean nke 2018 Melanie Díaz nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo abụọ. Ọlaedo nke mbụ sitere na iso Adriana soro n'asọmpi abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị. Nke abụọ sitere na igwu egwu na otu nwanyị na ụmụnne ya nwanyị Adriana na Fabiola, na Daniely Ríos . Ọ ritekwara ọlaọcha n'ọkpụ abụọ a gwakọtara agwakọta na Daniel González. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ittf.com/2018/07/23/gold-silver-puerto-rico-time-difference/|title=Once again gold and silver for Puerto Rico; this time with a difference|author=Marshall|first=Ian|date=July 23, 2019|work=ITTF|accessdate=August 15, 2019}}</ref> === Oge mgbanwe na Lima 2019 === Melanie Díaz buru ụzọ nweta nnabata mba ụwa n'oge egwuregwu Pan American nke 2019 na Lima, ebe a na-amịpụta ya #6 na ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ittf.cdnomega.com/eu/2019/05/Singles-Seeding-1.pdf|title=Lima 2019, WOMEN'S SINGLES - SEEDING LIST|date=August 1, 2019|work=International Table Tennis Federation (ittf)|accessdate=August 7, 2019|archivedate=August 7, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807224021/https://ittf.cdnomega.com/eu/2019/05/Singles-Seeding-1.pdf}}</ref> O nyere aka nweta ọla edo mbụ nke Pan American Tenis maka Puerto Rico mgbe ọ na-egwu egwuregwu abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị n'akụkụ nwanne ya nwanyị Adriana. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lima2019.pe/en/results|title=Lima 2019 Results|work=Lima 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914192028/https://www.lima2019.pe/en/results|archivedate=September 14, 2019|accessdate=August 8, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ittf.com/2019/08/07/first-gold-puerto-rico-day-belongs-diaz-sisters/|title=First gold for Puerto Rico, day belongs to Diaz sisters|author=Marshall|first=Ian|date=August 7, 2019|work=ITTF|accessdate=August 8, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Table-Tennis/Features/2019/August/07/Diaz-Prevails-Silver-for-USAs-Wu-Yue-on-Day-4|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808155943/https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Table-Tennis/Features/2019/August/07/Diaz-Prevails-Silver-for-USAs-Wu-Yue-on-Day-4|archivedate=August 8, 2019|title=Diaz Prevails, Silver for USA's Wu Yue on Day 4|author=Hetherington|first=Matt|date=August 7, 2019|work=Team US|accessdate=August 8, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/puerto-rican-table-tennis-sisters-look-venus-serena-211755157--spt.html|title=Puerto Rican table tennis sisters look up to Venus, Serena|author=Andres Henao|first=Luis|date=August 8, 2019|work=Yahoo News (Associated Press)|accessdate=August 8, 2019}}</ref> Díaz guzobekwara ọkwa ya dị ka onye mmeri mba ụwa dị iche iche site na imeri ọla kọpa n'otu n'otu na otu ụmụ nwanyị . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.primerahora.com/deportes/otros/nota/melaniediazsequedaconbronceenlamodalidadindividualdeltenisdemesaenlima-1357011/|title=Melanie Díaz se queda con bronce en la modalidad individual del tenis de mesa en Lima|author=Ribas Reyes|first=Fernando|date=August 7, 2019|work=Primera Hora|accessdate=August 8, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.primerahora.com/deportes/otros/nota/nofuefacilparamelaniedesarrollarsealasombradeadrianasegunsupadre-1357008/|title=No fue fácil para Melanie desarrollarse a la sombra de Adriana, según su padre|author=Ribas Reyes|first=Fernando|date=August 7, 2019|work=Primera Hora|accessdate=August 8, 2019}}</ref> Ya na onye Brazil [[Bruna Takahashi|bụ Bruna Takahashi]] kesara oghere ọla n'ọsọ n'ememme mmemme a. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wipr.pr/adriana-diaz-va-a-tokio-2020-con-oro-panamericano/|title=Adriana Díaz va a Tokio 2020 con oro panamericano|date=August 7, 2019|work=WIPR|accessdate=August 8, 2019}}</ref> Díaz mechara gwuo Bruna Takahashi na egwuregwu dị nso ma na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge otu egwuregwu ụmụ nwanyị ikpeazụ, bụ nke o nyere aka nweta otu ọla edo ọzọ maka ndị otu ya. N'ihi nka ọ na-egwu n'egwuregwu a, ndị nta akụkọ mba ụwa kpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị egwuregwu nke otu Puerto Rican aha dị ka "ụmụaka na-alọghachi." <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/deportes/otrosdeportes/nota/melaniediazllegoparaquedarse-2511135/|title=Melanie Díaz llegó para quedarse|author=Ribas Reyes|first=Fernando|date=August 10, 2019|work=El Nuevo Día|accessdate=August 11, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.metro.pr/pr/deportes/2019/08/11/asi-celebro-tenis-mesa-oro-historico.html|title=Así celebró el equipo de tenis de mesa un oro panamericano histórico|author=Torres Montalvo|first=Víctor|date=August 11, 2019|work=Metro|accessdate=August 15, 2019}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Adriana Díaz * Brian Afanador * [[Bruna Takahashi]] * Caroline Kumahara * Jennifer Wu * Lily Zhang * Puerto Rico na egwuregwu 2019 Pan American == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] pe8ghk7k1gyvojbi2h7sw5gd167rcge 0 56911 632362 629015 2026-05-09T06:08:09Z Goodymaraj 21567 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 632362 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sinisa Malesevic.jpg|thumb|Sinisa Malesevic]] Siniša Malešević, MRIA, MAE (amụrụ na 5 Eprel 1969 na Banja Luka) bụ onye Yugoslav nke amụrụ Irish Full Prọfesọ nke oche nke Sociology na Mahadum University, Dublin, Ireland.  Ọ bụkwa onye nyocha nke Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (CNAM), Paris, France. == Mmụta == Prọfesọ Malešević gụsịrị akwụkwọ na New Bern High School, North Carolina, USA na 1988. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Sociology na Mahadum Zagreb, Croatia na 1993. O nwetara MA site na Mahadum Lancaster, UK na Central European University, Prague, Czech Republic na 1995. O mechara gụchaa Ph.D.  na sociology sitere na Mahadum University Cork, Ireland na 1999[1]. == Ọrụ na nchọpụta == Ntụle Prof. Malešević gụnyere nyocha nke akụkọ gbasara echiche Agbeso, mba, Ịhị mba nanya, Ịọị ukwu, mộchọ, agha, ime ihe ike nke human social thought. N'oge gara aga, o nwere ọrụ nyocha nkuzi na Institute for International Relations (Zagreb), Center for Study of Nationalism, CEU (Prague) - ebe ya na onye nwụrụ anwụ Ernest Gellner rụkọrọ ọrụ -, na Mahadum Galway.  O mekwara ka ọ bản prọfesọ na-eleta na Université Libre de Bruxelles (Eric Remacle Chair in Conflict and Peace Studies), Institute for Human Sciences, Vienna, [[London]] School of Economics, Uppsala University, Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences, Amsterdam na Australian Defence College, Canberra . [1] Na Maachị 2010 a họpụtara ya onye otu Royal Irish Academy, na Disemba 2012, a họpụtara ya onye otu Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina na n'August 2014, a họpụtara ya onye otu Academia Europaea. [2]. == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == Prof. Malešević bụ onye edemede na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ dị iche iche gụnyere Ideology, Legitimacy na New State (2002), The Sociology of Ethnicity (2004), Identity as Ideology (2006), The Sociology of War in Ime Ihe Ike (2010), Mba-States na Nationalisms (2013), The National Nationalism (2013). Ntak  Ndị mmadụ na-alụ ọgụ (2022).  The Rise of Organised Brutality bụ onye natara akwụkwọ nrite pụrụ iche nke 2018 site na American Sociological Association's Peace, War and Social Conflict Section [3], 'Grounded Nationalisms' bụ nke abụọ (kpọpụtara) mmeri nke 2020 Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research na 'Ihe mere ụmụ mmadụ ji alụ ọgụ' bụ akụkụ nke America 2 )  nke 2023 Conflict Research Society.  Na 2023, Prof. Malešević natara Robin M. Williams, Jr.  Onyinye maka onyinye pụrụ iche maka agụmakwụkwọ, nkuzi, na ọrụ, saịtị nke American Sociological Association .[4][5] O dekwara ihe karịrị 140 akwụkwọ akụkọ na isiakwụkwọ akwụkwọ ma nye ihe karịrị 200 okwu a kpọrọ n'ụwa niile [2]. Asụgharịwo ọrụ ya n'ọtụtụ asụsụ gụnyere Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Azerbaijan, Chinese, Croatian, French, Japanese, Persian, Portuguese, Serbian, Spanish, Turkish, and Russian.. == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * (2002). Echiche, Iwu na Ọchịchị Ọhụrụ: Yugoslavia, Serbia na Croatia. London: Routledge (Serbian na Croatian translation 2004). * (2004). Sociology nke Ethnicity. London: Sage (Serbian translation 2009; Persian translation 2011 na 2012; Turkish translation 2019). * (2006). Ịbụ onye dị ka echiche: Ịghọta agbụrụ na ịhụ mba n'anya. New York: Palgrave Macmillan (Nsụgharị Persian 2017). * (2007). Ernest Gellner na Contemporary Social Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (nke ya na M. Haugaard jikọrọ aka dee). * (2010). Sociology nke Agha na Ime Ihe Ike. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Croatian translation 2011; Turkish translation 2018; Persian translation 2021; Chinese translation 2021; Arabic translation 2021; Russian translation na-abịa na 2025). * (2011). Echiche Sociological na Agha. [[Stockholm]]: Forsvarshogskolan (Nsụgharị Spanish 2015). * (2013). Ịhụ mba n'anya na Agha. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (nke ya na J.A. Hall jikọrọ aka dee). * (2013). Mba-Mba na Mba: Nhazi, Echiche na Ịdị n'otu. Cambridge: Polity (Nsụgharị Croatian 2017, nsụgharị Persian na-abịa na 2025). * (2017). The Rise of Organized Brutality: A Historical Sociology of Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Spanish translation 2020; Arabic translation 2023, Turkish translation 2023, Chinese translation na-abịa na 2025). * (2019). Ịhụ mba n'anya: Nnyocha nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Croatian translation 2021). * (2021). Echiche Sociological nke oge ochie. London: Sage (ya na S. Loyal). * (2021). Echiche Sociological nke oge a. London: Sage (ya na S. Loyal) (Nsụgharị Persian na-abịa na 2025). * (2022). Ihe mere ụmụ mmadụ ji lụọ ọgụ: Ọganihu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ime ihe ike dị nso. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Nsụgharị Arabic na-abịa na 2025; Nsụgharị Croatian na-abịa n'afọ 2025; Nsogbu Spanish na-abịa ne 2025). == Ndụ onwe onye == A họpụtara Prof. Malešević dị ka onye na-elekọta mmadụ Vesna Malešević, onye na-akụzi na Mahadum Galway, nwekwara ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Luke na Alex.  Na 2017, ọ bịanyere [[Nkwuputa N'asụsụ Dị N'Otu|aka na nkwupụta nke asụsụ Croatian, Serbian, Bosnia na Montenegrin]]. == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Ebe e si nweta ya == * [1] http://www.ucd.ie/research/people/sociology/professorsinisamalesevic/ ** [2] https://web.archive.org/web/20210320185219/https://www.ucd.ie/warstudies/members/siniamaleevic/ ** [3] [http://www.asanet.org/asa-communities/asa-sections/current-sections/peace-war-and-social-conflict/section-peace-war-and-social-conflict-past-award-recipients http://www.asanet.org/asa-communities/asa-sections/current-sections / peace-war-and-social-conflict/section-peace-war-na-social-Conflict-past-award-recipients] ** [4] https://web.archive.org/web/20210419145552/https://www.ucd.ie/sociology/newsandevents/latestnews/grounded-nationalisms-2020-rokkan/ ** https://www.ucd.ie/sociology/newsandevents/latestnews/[5] ** https://ecpr.eu/news/news/details/611 * https://sinisa2malesevic.wordpress.com/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20210509135849/https://www.ria.ie/sinisa-malesevic * https://anubih.ba/index.php/bs/clanstvo/clanovi * http://www.ae-info.org/ae/User/Malesevic_Sinisa * https://esd.cnam.fr/membres/sinisa-malesevic-1114070.kjsp?RH=1570546542219 * https://elpais.com/cultura/2020/08/27/babelia/1598517337_524599.html [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ]] [[Òtù:Ndị bịanyere aka na Nkwupụta N'asụsụ Dị N'Otu]] sl8llmr83k8iibockngm0r3xq2qterq 0 57251 632317 588758 2026-05-08T14:54:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632317 wikitext text/x-wiki Na Cebu, nke dị na mpaghara Visayas nke Philippines, a na-akpọ albularyo ọdịnala Mananambal na ọrụ ọgwụgwọ ha na-akpọ panambal.Dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ izugbe, mananambals na-enweta ọkwa ha site na nna ochie, mmụta mmụta / omume nlele, ma ọ bụ site na epiphany na ndị okenye obodo na-emekarị, n'agbanyeghị okike. Omume ha, ma ọ bụ panambal, nwere ngwakọta nke ihe sitere na Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na ịgba afa nke yiri ka ọ bụ mmegide ebe ọ bụ na otu gụnyere ọgwụgwọ okwukwe ebe nke ọzọ chọrọ anwansi ojii, Amoosu, wdg.[1]. Ngwakọta ndị a bụ ngosipụta nke ihe nketa hapụrụ site na ntọghata n'okpukpe Katọlik nke àgwàetiti ndị ahụ site na ọchịchị Spanish, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ amaala Cebu nwere kọntaktị kpọmkwem na onye nchọpụta Portuguese bụ Ferdinand Magellan, na omume ụmụ amaala na-aga n'ihu tupu ịchịisi. Panambals na-ekpuchi ọrịa sitere n'okike na nke karịrị nke mmadụ site n'iji ụzọ dịgasị iche iche. Ụzọ abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ ọgwụ ahịhịa na orasyon, ekpere ịgwọ ọrịa sitere n'ihe nhata Akwụkwọ Nsọ a na-akpọ librito..<ref name="Fierro 2013" /> Mananambal na-agwọ ọrịa ndị isi na ndị nta. Ọrịa ndị a na-agụnye ma ọnweghị oke na: isi ọwụwa, ahụ ọkụ, oyi, eze mgbu, ahụ ọkụ dengue, ọnya, Ọrịa, ọrịa cancer, nkwarụ ọgụgụ isi, na ọrịa ndị ọzọ e chere na ọ bụ ihe e kere eke karịrị mmadụ na-akpata. Ewezuga ọgwụgwọ ndị dị ndụ, ndị ọrịa nwekwara ike ịbịa mananambals imepụta ma ọ bụ mebie ụdị ọ bụla nke mmekọrịta site na alụmdi na nwunye gaa na ọbụbụenyi.Ọgwụgwọ na-adabere n'ụdị ọrịa yana mananambal n'onwe ya. Omume Mananambal na-aga n'ihu n'oge a. N'afọ 1997, Gọọmentị Philippines wepụtara Iwu Ọdịnala na Ọgwụ Ọhụrụ (TAMA) nke kwadoro ọgwụ ụmụ amaala.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|author=Lee Mendoza|first=Roger|date=June 5, 2009|title=Is It Really Medicine? The Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act and Informal Health Economy in the Philippines|journal=Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health|volume=21|issue=3|pages=333–345|doi=10.1177/1010539509336570|pmid=19502245|issn=1010-5395}}</ref> A na-ahụkarị ndị ọrịa na-achọ enyemaka n'aka mananambals na klas na-enweta ego dị ala ma nọrọ n'obodo ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ihi nhọrọ ịkwụ ụgwọ. Ịkwụ onye shaman ụgwọ abụghị ihe dị mkpa ma ọ bụ dị ọnụ ala. Ọ pụkwara ịbụ n'ụdị azụmahịa maka ihe oriri na nri.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Brolan|first=C.E.|date=April 12, 2013|title=Suranhohealing: Filipino concepts of intellectual disability and treatment choices in Negros Occidental|journal=Disability & Society|volume=29|issue=1|pages=71–85|doi=10.1080/09687599.2013.771899|issn=0968-7599}}</ref> == Okwu mmalite == The appellation ''mananambal'' is a derivative of the term for the art of ''panambal'' or "traditional folk healing" in the Philippines,<ref name="masc" /> a term used most especially in the islands of Siquijor and Bohol in the Visayas. The term is synonymous with the Tagalog word ''[[Albulrayo|albularyo]]'', a type of folk healer. == Usoro == ''mananambal'' na-eji ngwakọta nke omume ọdịnala na nkwenkwe [[Efefe Kraịst|Ndị Kraịst]]. Njikọ nke ọgwụgwọ ọdịnala na mgbaasị Ndị Kraịst nwere ike ịmalite na mmalite nke mmetụta [[Spain|Spanish]] na Philippines - mgbe Magellan tọghatara Eze Nwanyị nke Cebu na Katọlik. ''mananambal'' hụrụ ihe ịga nke ọma dị ịrịba ama n'ịchụpụ ndị mọnk Spanish ma chọọ ka akụkụ ha bụrụ ndị mmụọ nke mmụọ dị elu ([[Mmuo Nso|Mmụọ Nsọ]]) nke nyere ndị mọnka Katọlik ike dị otú ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Christian Spiritism?|url=http://www.christianspiritism.com/christianspiritism/Christian%20Spiritism.html|accessdate=July 16, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102023739/http://www.christianspiritism.com/christianspiritism/Christian%20Spiritism.html|archivedate=November 2, 2008}}</ref> Njikọ a na okwukwe Katọlik pụtara ìhè na ọchụchọ ha na-eme kwa afọ, nke a na-akpọ ''Pangalap'', maka ihe eji eme ihe na ihe eji eme ya maka omume ọdịnala ha. ''Pangalap'' na-amalite na Fraịdee asaa mgbe Ash Wednesday gasịrị, tupu ememe Ndị Kraịst nke Izu Nsọ. Ọ na-agwụ na Good Friday na Black Saturday. N'anambal na-ejikwa orasyones ma ọ bụ "ekpere anwansi". === Ọgwụ === Ọgwụ ''mananambal''' nwere osisi (80%), anụmanụ (10%) na mineral (10%). <ref name="masc">{{Cite book|author=Mascuñana|first=Rolando V.|title=The Folk Healers-Sorcerers of Siquijor|publisher=REX Book Store, Inc.|year=2004|isbn=971-23-3543-7}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMascuñanaMascuñana2004">Mascuñana, Rolando V.; Mascuñana, Evelyn F. (2004). ''The Folk Healers-Sorcerers of Siquijor''. REX Book Store, Inc. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/971-23-3543-7|<bdi>971-23-3543-7</bdi>]].</cite></ref> === Omenala === Ụfọdụ n'ime emume ndị ''mananambal'' na-eme gụnyere: * ''Pangalap'' - ọchụchọ a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu maka ihe ndị e ji eme ya * ''Halad'' - onyinye oriri na ihe ọṅụṅụ iji sọpụrụ mmụọ nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ * ''Palínà'' - ememe fumigation; a na-akpọ ''tu-ob'' na agwaetiti Panay na NegrosNdị ojii * ''Pangadlip'' - ịkpụchasị ma ọ bụ ịkpụchasị ihe ndị e ji eme ihe na ''Pangalap'' * ''Pagpagong'' - ịgba ọkụ ma ọ bụ belata ihe ndị mejupụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ icheku ọkụ ma ọ bụrụ ntụ * Ime ''Minasa'' - ihe ndị e ji ihe ndị e dere na ''Pangalap'' mee * Iji ''Lana'' na-agbanye mmanụ - mmanụ ọgwụ e ji akị bekee mee ==== Ojiji a na-eji ọgwụ mkpá akwụkwọ eme ihe ==== A na-eme ọgwụ mkpá akwụkwọ n'ụzọ dịgasị iche iche gụnyere decoction (ime tii), ngosipụta (ịkụba osisi ahụ wee tinye ihe ahụ na mpaghara metụtara), na infusion (inye osisi na mmiri maka oge ụfọdụ wee tinye nsonaazụ ahụ na mpaghara ndị metụtara). Ngwọta botanical ndị a gụnyere iwepụta akụkụ ndị dị mkpa site na ihe ọkụkụ, ma nwee ike ịgbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ, mmanụ, na ụdị ọgwụ ndị ọzọ. The Rubbing of Lana bụ ojiji nke mmanụ botanic site na akị bekee na ịfụ ya n'ebe ndị metụtara.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ihe ọkụkụ nwere akwụkwọ, ụgbụgbọ osisi, na mgbọrọgwụ. Enwere ike iri ahịhịa ma ọ bụ tinye ya n'ebe (s) metụtara.<ref name="Fierro 2013">{{Cite journal|author=Fierro|first=Ramon S Del|date=2013|title=An Exploration of the Ethno-Medicinal Practices among Traditional Healers in Southwest Cebu, Philippines|url=http://www.ejournalofscience.org/archive/vol3no12/vol3no12_14.pdf|journal=ARPN Journal of Science and Technology|volume=3|issue=12|pages=7}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFFierroNolasco2013">Fierro, Ramon S Del; Nolasco, Fiscalina A (2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20201031125847/http://www.ejournalofscience.org/archive/vol3no12/vol3no12_14.pdf "An Exploration of the Ethno-Medicinal Practices among Traditional Healers in Southwest Cebu, Philippines"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''ARPN Journal of Science and Technology''. '''3''' (12): 7.</cite></ref> A na-enweta osisi maka ọgwụ ahịhịa site na ''panagalap'' ma ọ bụ ịchọ osisi n'ugwu na oké ọhịa nke na-agafe fumigation ma ọ bụ ''palina''. Ewezuga osisi, ọchụchọ a na-eme kwa afọ na-achọkwa ọgwụ, kandụl, mmanụ, na ọtụmọkpọ.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> A na-eji ọtụtụ ahịhịa na-agwọ ọrịa eme ihe na mpaghara Cebuano ma dịka e kwuru n'elu, dabere na mananambal na nchọpụta ha banyere ọrịa ahụ. Osisi ndị mananambals na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ ''Mangagaw'' (Euphoria hirta) maka ọrịa dengue, ''Dapdap'' (Erythrina variegata) maka hemorrhoids, ''Tuba-Tuba'' (Jatropha curcas) maka ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo, ''Noog-noog'' (Solanum) maka oke acidity, ''Wachichao'' (Orthosiphon aristatus) maka nsogbu akụrụ, ''Sabana/Labana'' (Soursop) maka ọrịa kansa, na ''Kipi-kipi'' maka ike ọgwụgwụ (Biophytum sensitivum). Kipi-kipi bụ osisi a maara gburugburu Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia maka mmetụta ya ozugbo maka aka.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Orasyons na-agụnye akụkụ Katọlik nke panambal. Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, a na-enye orasyons site na librito nke nwere mmalite a na-amaghị ama. E nwere echiche ndị na-ejikọ librito na ndị ozi ala ọzọ Spanish ma ọ bụ tupu ma ọ bụ n'oge colonization n'ihi ederede Latin ya.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Ụdị ọgwụgwọ a nwere ike ime site na ngọzi nke ihe ọgwụ e nyere onye ọrịa site n'ekpere ma ọ bụ gọzie ndị ọrịa ozugbo. Enwere ike ijikọta Orasyons na ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]  ==== Ihe ngwọta ndị ọzọ ==== Enwere ike ijikọta botany na ekpere na ọgwụgwọ ndị ọzọ. ''Tayhop'' bụ usoro ememe a na-eme site na ijikọta isi onye ọrịa na ekpere. Usoro ememe ọzọ a na-ejikọta ya na orasyon bụ tutho, itinye asọ n'isi onye ọrịa. <ref name="Fierro 2013"/> Usoro karịrị nke mmadụ nwere ''panubay,'' na-eji ngosipụta karịrị nke mmadụ iji chọpụta onye ọrịa, na ''pagtamabalsa nasuldan'' nke bụ arụmọrụ nke Ịchụpụ mmụọ ọjọọ.   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> N'ihi ọnọdụ Philippines dị ka ọnụ ụzọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, mmetụta ọgwụ sitere n'aka ndị ọbịa na ndị mbịarambịa na agwaetiti ahụ metụtara ma mepụta ọgwụgwọ. Ụzọ ụfọdụ mananambal kwekọrọ na mba ndị gbara ha gburugburu, dị ka [[China]]. Otu n'ime usoro ndị a bụ Cupping therapy, usoro ọgwụgwọ oge ochie na-eji iko mmịpụta pụrụ iche n'akụkụ akpụkpọ ahụ metụtara.<ref name="Fierro 2013"/> == Ime anwansi == Enwere ike inweta ike nke amoosu mgbe onye na-eme ya "amụta usoro anwansi ọjọọ ma guzobe mmekọrịta ya na mmụọ nke na-akwado anwansi a".<ref>{{Cite book|author=Lieban|first=R.W.|title=Cebuano Sorcery: Malign Magic in the Philippines|publisher=University of California Press|date=1967|pages=20–21|isbn=0-520-03420-1}}</ref> Ụdị ụfọdụ nke amoosu gụnyere: * ''Barang'' - iji Mmụọ a ma ama mee ihe iji mee ka mmadụ nwee ihe mgbu na ọrịa * Haplit - iji Nwa bebi na-anọchite anya onye ahụ e gburu; onye dibịa afa Filipino nke na-eji [[Voodoo doll|Nwa bebi voodoo]] * ''Paktol'' - paktol pụtara "kụ aka n'isi"; iji okpokoro isi ma ọ bụ ihe nnọchianya ọzọ nke onye ahụ. Nkwurịta okwu ọ bụla e mere na nnọchiteanya ahụ, onye ahụ a na-emegbu na-enwe mmerụ ahụ kwekọrọ na ya * ''Anyaw'' - nkà nke iji nri na-enweghị [[Ńnú|nnu]] mee ka ihu ọma nke ndị mmụọ ọjọọ; onye dibịa afa ahụ rịọ mmụọ ka o merụọ onye a chọrọ imerụ ahụ * Là-gà - "ịṅụ", onye dibịa afa na-esi ihe nke onye ahụ e gburu egbu; onye ahụ e gbuo na-ata ahụhụ site na obi erughị ala, enweghị ụra, ike ọgwụgwụ, ahụ erughị ala na mgbe e mesịrị, ọnwụ Ụdị amoosu ndị a na-adaba na okwu Tagalog, ''Kulam'' ma na-eguzogide ozi nke ọgwụ ọdịda anyanwụ. Naanị ''mananambal'' nwere ike ịgbanwe mmetụta nke amoosu dị otú ahụ. == Hụkwa == * Gabâ, ma ọ bụ ''gabaa'', echiche Cebuano nke karma na-adịghị mma == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 401vu5opwoo76nhx23xpnrjl3500bpy 0 63313 632325 578114 2026-05-08T17:42:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632325 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Leonard_Parkinson,_Maroon_Leader,_Jamaica,_1796.jpg|thumb|Maroons]] Ruo n'etiti afọ 1760, ógbè ndị Maroon dị n'akụkụ Ọdọ Mmiri Borgne, n'akụkụ osimiri [[New Orleans]], Louisiana. Ndị a gbapụrụ, ndị ohu na-achịkwa ọtụtụ ọwa mmiri na ụzọ azụ site na Lake Pontchartrain ruo Gulf, gụnyere Rigolets. Obodo San Malo bụ obodo nwere onwe ya nke na-eme nke ọma.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Monuments|first=Paper|title=San Malo Maroons|url=https://neworleanshistorical.org/items/show/1403|accessdate=28 January 2023|work=New Orleans Historical|language=en}}</ref> Ndị agha si na New Orleans nke Spain na-achịkwa, nke Francisco Bouligny duziri, mechara kpochapụ ógbè ndị a. Ndị nweere onwe ha na-acha ọbara ọbara nyeere aka ijide ha.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Din|first=Gilbert C.|title=Spaniards, Planters, and enslaved people: The Spanish Regulation of Slavery in Louisiana, 1763–1803|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|year=1999|isbn=0-89096-904-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Hall|first=Gwendolyn Midlo|authorlink=Gwendolyn Midlo Hall|title=Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century|publisher=Louisiana State University Press|year=1995|isbn=0-8071-1999-7}}</ref> . Ruo n'etiti afọ 1760, ógbè ndị Maroon dị n'akụkụ Ọdọ Mmiri Borgne, n'akụkụ osimiri [[New Orleans]], Louisiana. Ndị a gbapụrụ, ndị ohu na-achịkwa ọtụtụ ọwa mmiri na ụzọ azụ site na Lake Pontchartrain ruo Gulf, gụnyere Rigolets. Obodo San Malo bụ obodo nwere onwe ya nke na-eme nke ọma.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Monuments|first=Paper|title=San Malo Maroons|url=https://neworleanshistorical.org/items/show/1403|accessdate=28 January 2023|work=New Orleans Historical|language=en}}</ref> Ndị agha si na New Orleans nke Spain na-achịkwa, nke Francisco Bouligny duziri, mechara kpochapụ ógbè ndị a. Ndị nweere onwe ha na-acha ọbara ọbara nyeere aka ijide ha.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Din|first=Gilbert C.|title=Spaniards, Planters, and enslaved people: The Spanish Regulation of Slavery in Louisiana, 1763–1803|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|year=1999|isbn=0-89096-904-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Hall|first=Gwendolyn Midlo|authorlink=Gwendolyn Midlo Hall|title=Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century|publisher=Louisiana State University Press|year=1995|isbn=0-8071-1999-7}}</ref> Ndị gbapụrụ n'ohu n'America tupu agha ahụ nọgidere na-achọ ebe mgbaba na nnwere onwe n'ime ime obodo Louisiana, gụnyere n'ógbè ndị gbara New Orleans gburugburu. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Beaver|first=Jessica|title=Maroons in Antebellum New Orleans: Independence at Any Cost - Stop 8 of 9 on the Urban Slavery and Everyday Resistance tour|url=https://neworleanshistorical.org/items/show/1371|accessdate=28 January 2023|work=New Orleans Historical|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=More Than A Runaway: Maroons in Louisiana|url=https://www.wwno.org/podcast/tripod-new-orleans-at-300/2015-12-10/more-than-a-runaway-maroons-in-louisiana|accessdate=28 January 2023|work=WWNO|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Diouf|first=Sylviane A.|title=Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons|date=2014|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-2437-8}}</ref> ===== North Carolina na Virginia ===== The Great Dismal Swamp maroons bi na marshlands nke Great Dismal Marsh na Virginia na North Carolina. Ọ bụ ebe na ọnọdụ siri ike, na-egosi na ọtụtụ puku mmadụ biri n'ebe ahụ n'etiti ihe dị ka 1700 na 1860s. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Maris-Wolf|first=Ted|title=Hidden in Plain Sight: Maroon Life and Labor in Virginia's Dismal Swamp|journal=Slavery & Abolition|date=September 2013|volume=34|issue=3|pages=446–464|doi=10.1080/0144039X.2012.734090}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=15 August 2017|title=The Great Dismal Swamp|url=https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/great-dismal-swamp/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121121204/https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/great-dismal-swamp/|archivedate=21 January 2021|accessdate=22 May 2025|work=99% Invisible|language=en-US}}</ref> === South America === ==== Brazil ==== Otu n'ime quilombos a ma ama (ebe obibi ndị Marọn) na Brazil bụ Palmares (Palm Nation) nso Recife, nke e ete n'ihe dị ka afụ 1600. Quilombo dos Palmares bụ obodo na-akwado onwe ya nke ndị ohu gbapụrụ n'ebe obibi ndị Portugal na Brazil, "Man ma na anya nha Portugal n'ime ime obodo Bahia". Otu n'ime ihe nnukwu Palmares bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ ya n'etiti etiti Atlantic Ocean na Guinea, mpaghara dị mkpa nke aha ohu Africa.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Braudel|first=Fernand|title=Civilization and Capitalism|date=1984|chapter=The Perspective of the World}}</ref> N'oge ọ dị elu, ọ nwere ihe ụmụaka 30,000 nweere onwe ha ma bụrụ nke Eze Zumbi chịrị..{{sfn|Kent|1996|p=185}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|author=Décio|first=Freitas|title=Palmares: A Guerra dos Escravos|edition=4|language=pt-br|location=Rio de Janeiro, Brazil|publisher=Graal|date=1982|pages=123–132}}</ref>Zumbi na Ganga Zumba bụ ndị isi agha abụọ a ma ama nke Palmares bụ ndị gbachitere ndị dị Dutch na ndị Portugal. {{sfn|Kent|1996|pp=186–187}} N'afọ 1612, ndị Portugal gbalịrị n'efu iweghara Palmares na njem nke furu oke ego.{{sfn|Kent|1996|p=175}} N'afọ 1640, ndị Dutch na-eme nchọpụta chọpụtara na obodo Palmares nwere onwe ya gbasara n'ebe obibi abụọ, ihe dị ka 6,000 bi n'otu ebe na 5,000 ọzọ na nke ọzọ. Njem ndị Dutch megide Palmares na 1640s enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma.{{sfn|Kent|1996|pp=177–179}} N'agbata afọ 1672 na 1694, Palmares guzogidere, na nkezi, otu njem Portuguese ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kwa afọ.{{sfn|Kent|1996|p=172}} Mgbe ọ nọgidere na-enwe onwe ya ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu narị afọ, ndị Portugal mechara merie ya na 1694. <ref name=":2"/>{{sfn|Kent|1996|p=185}} N'ime 10 isi ''quilombos'' na Brazil, e bibiri asaa n'ime afọ abụọ e guzobere. Anọ dara na steeti Bahia na 1632, 1636, 1646 na 1796. Mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ zutere otu ihe ahụ na Rio na 1650, Parahyba na 1731, na Piumhy na 1758. <ref>{{Cite book|first=R. K.|author=Kent|chapter=Palmares: An African State in Brazil|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|editor=Price|location=Baltimore, Maryland|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996}}</ref> Otu ''quilombo'' na Minas Gerais dị site na 1712-1719. Onye ọzọ, "Carlota" nke Mato Grosso, e kpochapụrụ ya mgbe ọ dịrị afọ 25, site na 1770-1795 .{{sfn|Kent|1996|p=172}} E nwekwara ọtụtụ obere ''quilombos''. Nke mbụ a kọrọ na ''quilombo'' bụ na 1575 na Bahia. A kọrọ na ''quilombo'' ọzọ dị na Bahia na mbido narị afọ nke iri na asaa. N'agbata afọ 1737 na 1787, obere ''quilombo'' nwere ọganihu na nso São Paulo. <ref>{{Cite book|first=Roger|author=Bastide|chapter=The Other Quilombos|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|editor=Price|location=Baltimore, Maryland|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996|pages=191–192}}</ref> Mpaghara Campo Grande na São Francisco na-enwekarị ''quilombos''. N'afọ 1741, Jean Ferreira haziri njem megide ''quilombo'', mana ọtụtụ ndị na-agba ọsọ gbanahụrụ ijide ha. N'afọ 1746, njem ọzọ jidere ndị otu 120 nke ''quilombo''. N'afọ 1752, ndị agha ''quilombo'' wakporo njem nke Pere Marcos du, nke kpatara nnukwu ọnwụ.{{sfn|Bastide|1996|p=193}} Quilombos gara n'ihu na-etolite na apụ nke 19. N'afọ 1810, aakpa quilombo na Linhares na steeti São Paulo. Afọ iri ka e gosiri, a imera ọzọ na Minas. N'afọ 1828, a okpukpera quilombo ọzọ na Cahuca, nso Recife, otu afọ mgbe nke ahụ mma, e mere njem megide onye ọzọ na Corcovado, nso Rio de Janeiro. N'afọ 1855, e bibiri Maravilha quilombo na Amazonas. Ọtụtụ ụmụ nke ndị bi na Quilombo, ma ọ bụ Quilombolas, na-aga n'ihu na-ebi n'ebe obibi quilombo ihe mere eme mgbe nkwenye onwe. A nabatara aha ha dị ka "ndị eze" na Iwu Iwu Brazil nke 1988, ọ bụ ebe na ha na-aga n'ihu na-eme nnwere onwe maka ikike ala na nkwado ndabere na ime ihe ike..  {{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Colombia ==== N'afọ 1529, n'ebe bụ Colombia ugbu a, ndị ohu nnupụisi bibiri Santa Marta.<ref name="Franco1996">{{Cite book|author=Franco|first=José|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|date=1996|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|editor=Price|location=Baltimore|chapter=Maroons and Slave Rebellions in the Spanish Territories}}</ref>:35 Ndị ohu gbapụ agbapụ obodo obodo ndị nweere onwe ha n'ụda oke osimiri Pacific dị iche iche, n'ụdị nke ụmụaka. Na Watch afɔ nke iri na asaa, otu mkpirisi na-agba ọsọ-palenque na-egosi Magdalena. N'ikpeazụ, na 1654, nhọrọ nke Cartegena de Indias, Don Pedro Zapata, meri ma merie obodo a nke ndị Maroons na-agba ọsọ .<ref name="Escalante1996">{{Cite book|first=Aquiles|author=Escalante|chapter=Palenques in Colombia|editor=Price|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996}}</ref>{{Rp|76–77}} N'ihe bụzi mpaghara Popayán, ndị ohu gbapụrụ agbapụ ete palenque nke Castillo. N'afọ 1732, ndị isi Spain na-akpa na-amụ udo ndị Maroons nke Castillo site na agụ otu okwu na-achọ ka ha wee na-agba ọsọ, mana ndị isi Castillo edemede okwu ndị ahụ. N'afọ 1745, ndị ndị na-achị mba ahụ meri Castillo, ihe ụmụaka ndị Africa na ndị India 200 gbapụrụ agbapụ nyefere onwe ha ha..<ref name="Escalante1996" />{{Rp|76}} Na ụfọdụ afọ nke iri na asaa, e obodo Maroon nke San Basilio nke Palenque, mgbe Benkos Biohó duuru otu mkpirisi ihe dị ka mmadụ iri atọ gbapụrụ agbapụ banye n'ime njikwa, ma merie merie ha. Biohó onwe ya Eze Benkos, na palenque ya nke San Basilio dọtara ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị na-agba ọsọ ka ha ngwá obodo ya. Ndị Maroons ya mbụ njem mbụ e mere ha, gbuo onye ndú ha Juan Gomez. Ndị Spain bịarutere na Biohó, mana ha mechara jide ya na 1619, bo ya ebubo na ọ na-akpa nkata nkata ndị Spain, ma kwụgbuo ya. Mana ndị na-agba ọsọ ọsọ na-agbapụ na akwụkwọ onwe na San Basilio.<ref name="Escalante1996" />{{Rp|79–80}} N'afọ 1696, ndị echiche na-achị mba ahụ meri nnupụisi ọzọ na San Basilio de Palenque, na ụzo n'etiti afọ 1713 na 1717. N'ikpeazụ, ndị Spain ihe na ha na palenque nke San Basilio kwera na udo, na 1772, a obodo obodo Maroons a n'ime mpaghara ọzọ na-agbazi anabata. Obodo San Basilio, ebe a na-asú Creole Palenquero, bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị ka dị n'oké osimiri Caribbean..<ref name="Escalante1996" />{{Rp|79–80}} ==== Ecuador ==== Na mgbakwunye na ndị ohu gbapụrụ agbapụ, ndị lanarịrị ụgbọ mmiri mmiri obodo obodo ndị nweere onwe ha n'aṅa osimiri nke ebili mmiri ugwu ma akụkụ ha na obodo ndị dị n' nzo ndị na-anya eru na ụmụaka nke ndịrisi. Enwere ike obodo dị iche iche site na cantons Cojimies y Tababuela, Emeralds, Limons.  {{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> ==== Osimiri Guianas ==== [[Faịlụ:Saramaka-1910.jpg|thumb|321x321px|Nwoke Saramaka, foto c. 1910]] [[Faịlụ:Tropenmuseum_Royal_Tropical_Institute_Objectnumber_10024950_Portret_van_drie_Marron_mannen_en_een.jpg|thumb|Ndị ikom Maroon na Suriname, foto e sere n'etiti 1910 na 1935]] Marronage bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na British, Dutch, na French Guiana, ma taa ụmụ Maroons mejupụtara ihe dị ka 15% nke ndị bi na Suriname ugbu a <ref name="Kuipers2005">{{Cite news|author=Kuipers|first=Ank|title=Villagers return to site of 1986 Suriname massacre|url=https://www.forestpeoples.org/en/topics/legal-human-rights/publication/2010/villagers-return-site-1986-suriname-massacre|accessdate=14 June 2018|work=Forest Peoples Programme|date=30 November 2005}}</ref> na 22% na French Guiane. [1] Na Guianas, ndị ohu gbapụrụ agbapụ, ndị a maara dị ka 'Bushinengues', gbagara n'ime ime obodo wee ndị obodo ma menye nri nri onwe ha, n'etiti ha Saramaka, Paramaka, Ndyuka (Aukan), Kwinti, Aluku (Boni) , na Matawai.<ref> {{Cite book|chapter=The Guianas|editor=Price|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996}}</ref>{{Rp|295,}}<ref>{{Cite book|author=Price|first=Richard|title=The Guiana Maroons: A Historical and Bibliographical Introduction|date=1976|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=0-8018-1840-0|location=Baltimore, Maryland|oclc=2121443}}</ref> N'ebe a na-akụ osisi nke Suriname, nke England nyere Netherlands na Nkwekọrịta nke Breda (1667) , ndị ohu gbapụrụ agbapụ nupụrụ isi ma iwu obodo ha site na ndị nlekọta awụ nke iri na asaa. Dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ubi ndị ahụ dị n'ụdị ndị mụrụ nke mba ahụ, n'ahụda commewijne na oyiyi Marowijne, marronage mere n'aṅa osimiri na mgbe ụfọdụ egwu egwu nke French Guiana. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1740, ndị Maroon pasta ma nwee ike siri ike iji maa ndị Dutch na-achị ala aka, na-amanye ha ịbịanye aka na ekiri udo. N'bịa iri n'afọ Ọktoba n'afọ 1760, ndị Ndyuka bụ ndị mbụnyere aka na echiche udo, nke onye bụbu ohu Jamaica bụ Adyáko Benti Basiton nke Boston dere, na-enye ha ikike ịchị onwe ha n'afọ 1660. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Ndyuka Treaty Of 1760: A Conversation with Granman Gazon|url=https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/ndyuka-treaty-1760-conversation-granman-gazon|accessdate=21 July 2020|work=Cultural Survival|date=28 April 2010|language=nl}}</ref> N'afọ 1770, ndị Aluku chọkwara nkwekọrịta udo, mana Society of Suriname malitere agha megide ha, nke mere ka ha gbalaga na French Guiana. <ref>{{Cite web|date=1916|title=Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië - Page 154 - Boschnegers|url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/benj004ency01_01/benj004ency01_01.pdf|accessdate=21 July 2020|work=[[Digital Library for Dutch Literature]]|language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 1989|title=The Aluku and the Communes in French Guiana|url=https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/aluku-and-communes-french-guiana|accessdate=21 July 2020|work=Cultural Survival}}</ref> Agbụrụ ndị ọzọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta udo na gọọmentị Suriname, ndị Kwinti bụ ndị ikpeazụ na 1887. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hoogbergen|first=Wim|date=1992|title=Origins of the Suriname Kwinti Maroons|journal=New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids|volume=66|issue=1–2|pages=27–59|doi=10.1163/13822373-90002003}}</ref> Na 25 Mee 1891 ndị Aluku ghọrọ ụmụ amaala France. <ref name="parc">{{Cite web|title=Parcours La Source|url=http://www.parc-amazonien-guyane.fr/fr/download/file/fid/5438|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231090332/https://www.parc-amazonien-guyane.fr/fr/download/file/fid/5438|archivedate=31 December 2022|accessdate=1 June 2020|work=Parc-Amazonien-Guyane|language=fr}}</ref> Mgbe Suriname nwetara nnwere onwe site na Netherlands, a kagburu nkwekọrịta ochie ya na Bushinengues. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1980, ndị Bushinengues nọ na Suriname amalitela ịlụ ọgụ maka ikike ala ha. N'agbata afọ 1986 na afụ 1992, ndị Jungle Commando, otu ndị agha nnupụisi na-alụ maka ikike nke ndị Maroon, መልሶ aka ike nke Deesi Bouterse, agha Suriname. <ref name="peace">{{Cite book|author=Boven|first=Karin M.|year=2006|title=Overleven in een grensgebied: Veranderingsprocessen bij de Wayana in Suriname en Frans-Guyana - Page 207|url=https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/15288/full.pdf|location=Amsterdam|publisher=Rozenberg Publishers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=French|first=Howard W|title=To Suriname Refugees, Truce Means Betrayal|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/14/world/to-suriname-refugees-truce-means-betrayal.html|accessdate=14 June 2018|work=The New York Times|date=14 April 1991|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2005, mgbe ụlọ ikpe Inter-American Court of Human Rights, "Suriname chọrọ ndị lanarịrị ogbugbu obodo Moiwana nke afọ 1986..<ref name="Kuipers2005"/> Na 13 June 2020, a na-achọpụta Ronnie Brunswijk ka ọ bụrụ Osote Onye isi ala nke Suriname site na mmeri na mbụ aka a na-menye mgbagha.. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dwtonline.com/laatste-nieuws/2020/07/13/live-blog-verkiezing-president-en-vicepresident-suriname/|title=Live blog: Verkiezing president en vicepresident Suriname|work=De Ware Tijd|accessdate=13 July 2020|language=nl}}</ref> A raara ya nye na 16 Julaị dị ka onye Maroon mbụ na Suriname ije ozi dị ka osote onye isi ala. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.waterkant.net/suriname/2020/07/12/inauguratie-nieuwe-president-van-suriname-op-onafhankelijkheidsplein/|title=Inauguratie nieuwe president van Suriname op Onafhankelijkheidsplein|work=Waterkant|accessdate=13 July 2020|language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dwtonline.com/laatste-nieuws/2020/07/12/marronorganisaties-blij-met-brunswijk-als-vp-kandidaat/|title=Marronorganisaties blij met Brunswijk als vp-kandidaat|work=De Ware Tijd|accessdate=13 July 2020|language=nl}}</ref> Na Guyana nke oge a, ndị ọrụ Dutch na 1744 mere njem nleta nke nke ọ pụtara ala 300 Maroons na mpaghara Northwest nke Essequibo. Ndị Dutch kpọgidere aka ndị Maroons ọnwụ na njem ahụ gaa na post dị na mpaghara ahụ dị ka nzere aka ná ntị nye ndị ohu ndị ọzọ.[1] N'afọ 1782, onye ọrụ French nọ n'ahụ mere ngosi na e nwere ihe ọmụmụ 2,000 Maroons na nso Berbice, Demerara, na Essequibo.{{sfn|Thompson|1976|p=16}} ==== Venezuela ==== E nwere ọtụtụ nnupụisi nke ndị ohu n'ụzọ ihe mere eme nke ihe mechara bụrụ Venezuela.[1]: 37 Site na mpaghara Barlovento, ọtụtụ ndị ohu nweere onwe ha na ndị gbapụrụ agbapụ, nke a maara dị ka cumbes.  Otu n'ime ebe ndị a ma ama bụ Curiepe, ebe a na-eme emume Fiesta de San Juan kwa afọ.  Onye ọzọ bụ mkpọkoro nke Ocoyta, nke onye gbara ndụ Guillermo Ribas duziri, nke kọrọ a na ọ na-eme ọtụtụ ọrụ na obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu nke Chuspa na Panaquire.  Ndị Maroon Venezuelan a na-azụkwa koko.  Guillermo gbapụrụ n'afọ 1768, wee guzobe nke ndị na-agba ọsọ nke ndị Africa na ndị India.<ref name="Acosta1996">{{Cite book|first=Miguel|author=Acosta Saignes|chapter=Life in a Venezuelan Cumbe|editor=Price|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996}}</ref>{{Rp|65–67}} E mechara bibie ugwu Ocoyta n'afọ 1771. Njem ndị agha nke German de Aguilera duziri bibiri ebe obibi ahụ, gbuo Guillermo, mana o nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ijide ndị okenye asatọ na ụmụaka abụọ. Ndị fọdụrụnụ na-agba ọsọ laghachiri n'ime ọhịa ndị gbara ya gburugburu, ebe ha nọgidere na-anọ n'ozuzu.<ref name="Acosta1996" />: 64-65 Otu n'ime ndị nnọchi anya Guillermo, Ubaldo onye England, onye aha ya bụ Jose Eduardo de la Luz Perera, a mụrụ ya dị ka ohu na London, resịrị ya onye isi ụgbọ mmiri, ma mee ọtụtụ njem tupu e nye ya nnwere onwe. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị isi ojii nweere onwe ha sonyeere obodo Ocoyta. N'afọ 1772, ndị ọchịchị Spain jidere ya. <ref name="Acosta1996" />{{Rp|70–71}} E nwere ọtụtụ Ugwu n'ime ime obodo ahụ.  N'afọ 1810, mgbe Agha nke Nnwere Onwe onye, ​​ọtụtụ ndị otu ndị na-amụ ogụ n'akwụkwọ ndị nnupụisi, ma hapụ obodo ha.<ref name="Acosta1996" />{{Rp|72–73}} {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Slave catcher]] * [[Slave rebellion]] * [[Afro-Latin American]]: [[Latin Americans]] of significant or mainly African ancestry. * [[Black Seminoles]]: Indians associated with the [[Seminole]] people in Florida and Oklahoma. * [[Bushinengue]]s: in [[French Guiana]], meaning people of the forest, descendants of slaves who escaped enslavement and established independent communities in the forest. * [[Gaspar Yanga]]: an African known for being the leader of a Maroon colony of slaves in New Spain. * [[Saramaka]]: one of six Maroon peoples in the Republic of Suriname and one of the Maroon peoples in French Guiana. * [[Jamaican Maroons]]: one of the few countries where Maroon communities still exist. * ''[[Quilombo (film)|Quilombo]]'' a 1985 film about Quilombo dos Palmares, a fugitive community of escaped slaves and others, in colonial Brazil. * [[Jean Dugain]] {{div col end|2}} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Ebe e si nweta ya == * [https://archive.org/details/historyofmaroons02dalliala/page/n8?q=%22halifax%2C+Nova+Scotia%22 Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Maroon] * Russell Banks (1980), ''Akwụkwọ nke Jamaica''. * Campbell, Mavis Christine (1988), ''The Maroons of Jamaica, 1655-1796: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nguzogide, mmekorita & aghụghọ'', Granby, Mass.: Bergin & Garvey.  {{ISBN|0-89789-148-1}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-89789-148-1|0-89789-148-1]] * Corzo, Gabino La Rosa (2003), Runaway Slave Settlements in Cuba: Resistance and Repression (nke Mary Todd sụgharịrị), Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.  {{ISBN|0-8078-2803-3}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-8078-2803-3|0-8078-2803-3]] * Dallas, R. C. Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Maroon, site na Mmalite ha ruo na Ntọala nke Agbụrụ ha Ukwu na Sierra Leone. Ụgbọelu abụọ. London: Longman. 1803. * Site na Granada, Germán (1970), ''Cimarronismo, palenques na Asụsụ "Criollas" na Hispanoamerica'' Instituto Caro y Cuero, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia, [http://worldcat.org/oclc/37821053 OCLC 37821053] (n'asụsụ Spanish) * Diouf, Sylviane A. (2014), Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons, New York: NYU Press, {{ISBN|978-0-8147-2437-8}} * Honychurch, Lennox (1995), The Dominica Story, London: Macmillan.  {{ISBN|0-333-62776-8}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-333-62776-8|0-333-62776-8]] (Na-agụnye isiakwụkwọ dị ukwuu na Maroons nke Dominica) &nbsp; * Hoogbergen, Wim S. M. Brill (1997), The Boni Maroon Wars in Suriname, Academic Publishers.  {{ISBN|90-04-09303-6}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/90-04-09303-6|90-04-09303-6]] * Learning, Hugo Prosper (1995), ''Ndị America zoro ezo: Maroons nke Virginia na Carolinas'' Garland Publishing, New York, {{ISBN|0-8153-1543-0}} * Price, Richard (ed.) (1973), ''Maroon Societies: obodo ndị ohu nnupụisi na Amerịka'', Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.  {{ISBN|0-385-06508-6}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-385-06508-6|0-385-06508-6]] * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''African Maroons na narị afọ nke iri na isii Panama: A History in Documents.'' Mahadum nke Oklahoma Press, 2021. * Thompson, Alvin O. (2006), Flight to Freedom: African runaways and maroons in the Americas University of West Indies Press, Kingston, Jamaica, {{ISBN|976-640-180-2}} * {{Cite book|author=Thompson|first=Alvin O.|title=Some Problems of Slave Desertion in Guyana, C. 1750-1814|date=1976|publisher=Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mJm4AAAAIAAJ&q=%222,000%20Maroons%22%20%22French%20official%22}} * van Velzen, H.U.E. Thoden na van Wetering, Wilhelmina (2004), In the Shadow of the Oracle: Religion as Politics in a Suriname Maroon Society, Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press.  {{ISBN|1-57766-323-3}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-57766-323-3|1-57766-323-3]] == Njikọ mpụga == * (Maroons, Hindustanis na ndị ọzọ nke Surinam.) {{Cite web|author=Chaglar, Alkan|work=toplumpostasi.net|url=http://www.toplumpostasi.net/index.php/cat/9/col/85/art/1008/PageName/English|title=The World of Surinam|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928061031/http://www.toplumpostasi.net/index.php/cat/9/col/85/art/1008/PageName/English|archivedate=28 September 2007}} * <nowiki>{{cite web}}</nowiki>: CS1 maint: bot: ọnọdụ URL mbụ a na-amaghị (link) Ezi akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke "Bush Negroes" nke Suriname.{{Cite web|url=http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/ethnoatlas/hmar/cult_dir/culture.7834|title=Society-BUSH-NEGROES: Culture summary|author=Lagace, Robert O.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312212555/http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/ethnoatlas/hmar/cult_dir/culture.7834|archivedate=12 March 2014}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.kingbotho.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040421170257/http://kingbotho.com/|archivedate=21 April 2004|work=Kingbotho|author=Mosis, André|title=Articles on Suriname Maroons and their culture in Dutch and English}} * (Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Maroon nke Jamaica.) {{Cite news|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Maroon+culture+of+endurance.-a08929661|title=The Maroon Culture of Endurance|author=Reidell, Helen Reidell|work=Américas|date=January–February 1990|pages=46–49}} * {{Cite web|work=Smithsonian|url=http://www.folklife.si.edu/resources/maroon/presentation.htm|title=Creativity and Resistance: Maroon Cultures in the Americas|author=Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES) in collaboration with the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, with the support of the Special Exhibition Fund of the Smithsonian Institution|date=March 1999|accessdate=2025-07-03|archivedate=2004-12-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041206195046/http://www.folklife.si.edu/resources/maroon/presentation.htm}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.folkways.si.edu/music-from-aluku-maroon-sounds-of-struggle-solace-and-survival/world/album/smithsonian|title=Music from Aluku: Maroon Sounds of Struggle, Solace, and Survival|work=Smithsonian Folkways|author=Various artists}} * [https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/portchester-castle/history-and-stories/black-prisoners-at-portchester/ ''Ndị Black Prisoners of War na Porchester Castle''] * [https://amazonteam.org/maps/lands-of-freedom ''Ala nke Nnwere Onwe: akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe nketa ọdịbendị nke Matawai Maroons na Suriname''] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kj6syxon965cche63p6ia5jj5k308l5 0 73600 632314 623761 2026-05-08T12:41:17Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright''' <ref>{{Cite news|author=Sciolino|first=Elaine|title=Dukakis's Foreign Policy Adviser: Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/26/us/woman-dukakis-s-foreign-policy-adviser-madeleine-jana-korbel-albright.html|work=The New York Times|accessdate=July 19, 2015|date=July 26, 1988}}</ref> (amụrụ '''Marie Jana Körbelová''', Mee 15, 1937 - Maachị 23, 2022)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/27/us/madeleine-albright-fast-facts|title=Madeleine Albright Fast Facts|publisher=CNN|date=May 8, 2014|accessdate=December 31, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/books-and-arts/90326/memory-goes-war|title=Memory Goes to War|first=Roger|author=Cohen|work=[[The New Republic]]|accessdate=December 31, 2014}}</ref> bụ onye nnọchi anya mba Amerịka na [[:en:Political_scientist|ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]] nke a mụrụ na [[Czeck Republic]], onye dịka onye otu [[:en:Democratic_Party_(United_States)|Democratic Party]]. O jere ozi dịka odeakwụkwọ nke iri isii na anọ nke mba Amerịka n'okpuru onyeisiala [[:en:Bill_Clinton|Bill Clinton]] site na 1997 ruo 2001,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Dumbrell|first=John|date=December 2008|title=President Clinton's Secretaries of State: Warren Christopher and Madeleine Albright|url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/5598/1/5598.pdf|journal=Journal of Transatlantic Studies|volume=6|issue=3|pages=217–227|doi=10.1080/14794010802548016|accessdate=September 20, 2019}}</ref> bụrụ nwanyị mbụ nọ n'ọkwa ahụ. ==Mbido ndụ ya== A mụrụ Albright Marie Jana Körbelová na 1937 na [[:en: Prague|Prague]], {{ill|Czechoslovakia|en}}.[12] Ndị mụrụ ya bụ {{ill|Josef Korbel|en}} onye mba Czech, na Anna Korbel.<ref name="birth">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/admin/albright.htm |title=Biography at The Washington Post |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 15, 1999 |access-date=June 22, 2009 |archive-date=May 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517072535/http://washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/govt/admin/albright.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Nne na nna ya tụgharịrị site n'okpukpe [[Judaism|ndị Juu]] gaa n'okpukpe [[Katọlik]] wee kwaga na [[United Kingdom]] na 1939 ebe ha laghachiri na Prague ka [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] gasịrị.<ref name="Tablet">{{cite magazine|url=http://tabletmag.com/podcasts/97886/madeleine-albrights-war-years|title=Madeleine Albright's War Years|magazine=[[Tablet (magazine)|Tablet Magazine]]|date=April 26, 2012|access-date=December 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310182057/https://www.tabletmag.com/podcasts/97886/madeleine-albrights-war-years |archive-date=March 10, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/profile-she-who-knows-tyranny-madeleine-albright-1143508.html|title=Profile: She who knows tyranny; Madeleine Albright|first=John|last=Carlin|work=[[The Independent]]|date=February 8, 1998|access-date=November 3, 2014|archive-date=November 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120075129/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/profile-she-who-knows-tyranny-madeleine-albright-1143508.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ezinụlọ ya kwagara [[United States]] na 1948.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://libertyellisfoundation.org/passenger-details/czoxMzoiOTAxMTg2NjE2MTgwOSI7/czo5OiJwYXNzZW5nZXIiOw==|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141231081937/http://libertyellisfoundation.org/passenger-details/czoxMzoiOTAxMTg2NjE2MTgwOSI7/czo5OiJwYXNzZW5nZXIiOw==|archive-date=December 31, 2014|title=Passenger Manifest|work=The Statue of Liberty – Ellis Island Foundation|access-date=December 31, 2014}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ezinụlọ ya biri na [[:en:Denver|Denver]], [[Colorado]], wee ghọọ nwa amaala America na 1957.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/oct/30/usa.emmabrockes|title=Interview: Madeleine Albright|last=Brockes|first=Emma|date=October 30, 2003|work=The Guardian|access-date=March 20, 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=January 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129140029/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/oct/30/usa.emmabrockes|url-status=live}}</ref>Albright gụsịrị akwụkwọ na {{ill|Wellesley College|en}} na 1959 wee nweta PhD na {{ill|University Columbia|en}} na 1975.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/albrights-state-deportment/|title=Albright's State Deportment|last=Williams|first=Ian|journal=The Nation|date=February 25, 1999|access-date=March 20, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0027-8378|archive-date=April 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426213651/https://www.thenation.com/article/albrights-state-deportment/|url-status=live}}</ref> N'agbata 1976 ruo 1978, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka nke Senator {{ill|Edmund Muskie|en}}, tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ na National Security Council n'okpuru {{ill|Zbigniew Brzezinski|en}}. Ọ jere ozi n'ọkwa ahụ ruo n'afọ 1981 mgbe Onye isi ala [[Jimmy Carter]] hapụrụ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/22/magazine/madeleine-albright-s-audition.html|title=Madeleine Albright's Audition|last=Sciolino|first=Elaine|date=September 22, 1996|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 20, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426214807/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/22/magazine/madeleine-albright-s-audition.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị {{ill| National Security Council|en}}, Albright sonyeere ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ nke {{ill|Georgetown University|en}} na 1982 wee dụọ ndị na-eme ntuli aka Democratic ndụmọdụ gbasara amụma mba ofesi. Na-esochi ntuli aka onye isi ala nke 1992, Albright nyere aka kpọkọta Onye isi ala Bill Clinton's National Security Council. A họpụtara ya onye nnọchi anya United States na United Nations, ọnọdụ ọ nọrọ ruo mgbe e buliri ya dị ka odeakwụkwọ steeti na 1997 ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ jere ozi ahụ ruo [[Condoleezza Rice]] na 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://secretary.state.gov/www/albright/albright.html |title = Biography: Madeleine Korbel Albright |publisher = Office of the US Secretary of State |access-date = July 9, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160204185811/http://secretary.state.gov/www/albright/albright.html |archive-date = February 4, 2016 |accessdate = March 16, 2026 |archivedate = February 4, 2016 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160204185811/http://secretary.state.gov/www/albright/albright.html }}</ref> Albright jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke Albright Stonebridge Group, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ndụmọdụ. Onye isi ala Barack Obama nyere ya nrite onye isi ala nke nnwere onwe na Mee 2012.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cohen |first1=Tom |title=Albright, Dylan among recipients of Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/05/29/us/medal-of-freedom/index.html |access-date=March 24, 2022 |publisher=CNN |date=May 29, 2012 |archive-date=September 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902180736/https://www.cnn.com/2012/05/29/us/medal-of-freedom/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref>Albright jere ozi na bọọdụ Council on Foreign Relations.<ref name="board_of_directors">{{cite web |url=http://www.cfr.org/about/people/board_of_directors.html |title=Board of Directors |publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |access-date=June 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103055948/http://www.cfr.org/about/people/board_of_directors.html |archive-date=November 3, 2010 |accessdate=March 16, 2026 |archivedate=June 5, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605205816/http://www.cfr.org/about/people/board_of_directors.html }}</ref> ==Ndụ onwe ya== Albright lụrụ [[:en:Joseph Albright|Joseph Albright]] na 1959. Di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ nwanyị n'atọ tupu ha agbaa alụkwaghịm na 1982. A zụlitere ya ndị Katọlik, mana ọ ghọrọ onye {{ill|Episcopal Church|en}} n’oge alụmdi na nwunye ya na 1959.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dobbs|first=Michael|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/1999/05/02/becoming-madeleine-albright/00193605-9959-442a-9f80-a6a8fd55a8bf/|title=Becoming Madeleine Albright|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=May 2, 1999|access-date=August 14, 2008|archive-date=August 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828044532/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/1999/05/02/becoming-madeleine-albright/00193605-9959-442a-9f80-a6a8fd55a8bf/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Tablet/> Albright nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa na [[Washington, D.C.]], na Machị 23, 2022, mgbe ọ dị afọ 84 na e mere olili ya na Eprel 27 yana ọtụtụ ndị isi bịara.<ref name="episcopal-funeral">{{cite web|title=Funeral service for Madeleine Albright held at Washington National Cathedral |url=https://www.episcopalnewsservice.org/2022/04/27/funeral-service-for-madeleine-albright-held-at-washington-national-cathedral/ |website=Episcopal News Service |date=April 27, 2022 |access-date=June 24, 2025}}</ref> ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} 4ljto3cpdi7dr2as5oolim0gv4dnyo1 0 74210 632316 598962 2026-05-08T13:50:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632316 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ingeborg Augusta Maria (Maja) Forsslund''' (20 Nọvemba 1878 - 2 Nọvember 1967) bụ onye Sweden na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnala na onye na-ahụ maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị. A na-echeta ya maka ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-anakọta ihe ọdịnala na gburugburu Kopparberg na etiti Sweden, na-elebara anya pụrụ iche na ncheta ọdịnala okpukpe. Òtù agụmakwụkwọ dị n'ógbè ahụ echekwara nchọpụta ya n'ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Örebro County nakwa n'ihe ncheta ndị yiri ya na Uppsala. <ref name="skbl"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/orebro/har-driver-hembygdsforeningen-sju-museer|title=Här driver hembygdsföreningen sju museer|publisher=SVT Nyheter|date=24 May 2018|accessdate=6 February 2023|language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://libris.kb.se/hitlist?q=f%C3%B6rf%3A(maja+forsslund)&d=libris&m=10&p=1&s=r|title=förf:(maja forsslund)|publisher=Libris|accessdate=6 February 2023|language=sv}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ ya na 20 Nọvemba 1878 na Kopparberg na etiti Sweden, Ingeborg Augusta Maria Forsslund bụ nwa nwanyị nke onye ahịa na-ere ahịa bara ọgaranya Carl Frederik Forsslund na nwunye ya Augusta Christina née Ôhman. Naanị nwa agbọghọ n'ime ụmụ anọ nke ezinụlọ ahụ, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị Kopparberg (folkskola). <ref name="skbl"/> == Ọrụ == Forsslund bụ onye otu alaka obodo nke Swedish Association for Women's Suffrage dị ka akọwapụtara na isiakwụkwọ ndị o nyere aka na akwụkwọ ozi obodo ''Från Ljusnarsbergen'' (1921).<ref name="skbl"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=ha100730493|title=Från Ljusnarsbergen; en hembygdsbok|publisher=The Online Books Page: Lindesberg : Tryckt hos O. Blombergs nya aktiebolag, 1921|author=Kopparbergs-Ljusnarsbergs Folkbildnings-Förening|date=1921|accessdate=6 February 2021|language=sv}}</ref> N'inwe mmasị n'ịmepụta ebe agụmakwụkwọ maka ndị nkịtị, ọ bụghị naanị na o dere akwụkwọ ma nye okwu nkuzi kamakwa na 1919 bụ ihe kpaliri ya ịmepụta Kopparbergs-Ljusnarsbergs Folkbildningsförening, otu agụmakwụkwọ ndị mmadụ. Ka a na-enweta akwụkwọ site n'enyemaka nke chọọchị, Forsslund tinyere usoro n'ihe ngosi ha, na-akwadebe ụzọ maka Ọbá Akwụkwọ Ljusnarberg.<ref name="skbl" /> Na 1920, n'ihi ọmụmụ ihe gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala obodo nke ụmụ akwụkwọ si Uppsala nyere na ihe ngosi nka emere na Kopparberg, na-elekwasị anya na akụkọ okpukperechi, otu agụmakwụkwọ ndị mmadụ malitere ịchịkọta ncheta ndị mmadụ ka e chekwaa maka ọdịnihu. Mgbe ọkà mmụta akụkọ ifo bụ Carl Wilhelm von Sydow kwusiri ike mkpa ọ dị idebe ihe ndetu, Forsslund malitere ịchịkọta njem, na-agba ígwè site n'otu ugbo gaa na nke ọzọ, ma na-edekọ ihe si na ajụjụ ọnụ ya pụta nke ọma. Òtù agụmakwụkwọ mpaghara ahụ echekwaala ihe ndị ọ chọpụtara n'ebe nchekwa akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Örebro County yana na ebe nchekwa ndị yiri ya na Uppsala. Na mgbakwunye na onyinye ya nye Från Ljusnarsbergen, na 1960 Forsslund bipụtara akụkọ nke ajụjụ ọnụ ya n'akwụkwọ ozi mpaghara Ljusnars-Kopparberg: en hembygdsbok. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zY0qHQAACAAJ|title=Ljusnars-Kopparberg: en hembygdsbok|publisher=Oriel Blomberg, 1960|author=Nya kopparbergs bergslags hembygdsförening|date=1960|accessdate=6 February 2023|language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nkbh.se/fr%C3%A5n-arkivet-nya-kopparbergs-bergslags-hembygdsf%C3%B6rening/fr%C3%A5n-maja-forsslund-43191158|title=Maja Forslund|publisher=Nya Kopparbergs Bergslags Hembygdsförening|accessdate=6 February 2023|language=sv|archivedate=6 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206134539/https://nkbh.se/fr%C3%A5n-arkivet-nya-kopparbergs-bergslags-hembygdsf%C3%B6rening/fr%C3%A5n-maja-forsslund-43191158}}</ref> Enyemaka ya nke akpọrọ En Haard genom Kopparbergs kyrkby för hundra år sedan (A Journey through the Village of Kopparberg a Hundred Years Ago) gosipụtara ọrụ nke ndị nna nna ya na obodo na-egwupụta ihe.<ref name="skbl">{{Cite web|url=https://skbl.se/en/article/IngeborgAugustaMariaMajaForsslund|title=Ingeborg Augusta Maria (Maja) Forsslund|publisher=Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon|author=Furuland, Gunnel|date=4 November 2020|accessdate=6 February 2023|language=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFuruland,_Gunnel2020">Furuland, Gunnel (4 November 2020). [https://skbl.se/en/article/IngeborgAugustaMariaMajaForsslund "Ingeborg Augusta Maria (Maja) Forsslund"]. Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Maja Forsslund nwụrụ na Kopparberg na 2 Nọvemba 1967 ma lie ya na Ljusnarsberg Churchyard . <ref name="skbl"/> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} ncj29yc3o4ab1ow3cmcu9ivwyzefgqi 0 74346 632382 620671 2026-05-09T11:07:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632382 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndepụta Sullivan''' nke a makwaara dị ka Disability Free Life Expectancy (DFLE) bụ usoro iji gbakọọ atụmanya ndụ na-enweghị nkwarụ. A na-agbakọ ya site na usoro: atụmanya ndụ oge nkwarụ <ref name="euro">{{Cite web|title=Health Expectancy Calculation by the Sullivan Method: A Practical Guide|url=https://reves.site.ined.fr/fichier/s_rubrique/20184/rp408.fr.pdf|publisher=EURO-REVES|accessdate=7 February 2018|archivedate=8 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208064027/https://reves.site.ined.fr/fichier/s_rubrique/20184/rp408.fr.pdf}}</ref>Ogologo afọ ahụike nke Sullivan gbakọrọ bụ ọnụọgụ afọ fọdụrụ, n'afọ ụfọdụ, nke mmadụ nwere ike ịtụ anya ibi n'ọnọdụ ahụike. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Practical Guide on health expectancy calculation :Sullivan's method|url=http://euroreves.ined.fr/methods/cookdef/cookdef.html|publisher=European Concerted Action on Harmonious Health Expectancy|accessdate=25 June 2013}}</ref> A na-agbakọ ya site na iwepụ oge enwere ike inwe nkwarụ akwa na enweghị ike ime ihe ndị dị mkpa site na ndụ ogologo oge. A na-enweta data maka ngụkọ site na nyocha ndị mmadụ na tebụl ndụ ogologo oge. Ndepụta Sullivan na-anakọta data ọnwụ na nkwarụ iche iche, data a dịkwa mfe ịnweta. Ogologo oge ahụike Sullivan na-egosipụta ahụike ugbu a nke ndị mmadụ n'ezie agbanwere maka ọkwa ọnwụ na-adabereghị na nhazi afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sullivan's Index:Glossary|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Sullivan_method|publisher=Eurostat|accessdate=25 June 2013}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Afọ ndụ gbanwere nkwarụ (DALY) * Afọ ndụ gbanwere mma (QALY) * Afọ Ndị Dị Mma == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == 62abanhclaww0orat1lchvkl6n0mh34 0 74861 632333 631248 2026-05-08T18:57:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Moodley''' (nke a na-akpọkwa Aunty Mary; 1913 - October 23, 1979) <ref name=":0" /> bụ onye na-akwado otu ndị ọrụ na onye na-akwado mmegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na South Africa. Moodley na-ebikarị n'ụlọ ya na mpaghara ndị isi ojii nke Wattville Township na ezinụlọ ya na ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, ma ndị isi ojii ma ndị ọcha, na-ebikarị n'ụlọ ya..<ref name=":02" /> Ọ na-emesapụ aka na obere ego o nwere ma bụrụ "onye na-aga chọọchị mgbe niile".<ref name=":0" /> == Ndụ Mbido == A mụrụ Mary Moodley, nke a makwaara dị ka Aunty Mary, n'afọ 1913. Ọ biri na Wattville Township dị nso na Benoni na East Rand, South Africa, ebe ya na ezinụlọ ya na ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, ma ndị isi ojii ma ndị ọcha, na-ebi n'ụlọ ya. N'agbanyeghị na o nwere obere ego, a maara ya maka mmesapụ aka ya ma bụrụ onye na-aga chọọchị mgbe niile. Moodley malitere ịrụsi ọrụ ike na obodo na nhazi ọrụ site na nwata. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ uwe ma ghọọ onye nhazi maka South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) na Food and Canning Workers Union na 1950s. Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere South African Coloured People's Congress (SACPO) na onye nhazi maka Federation of South African Women (FEDSAW). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mary Moodley|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley|work=South African History Online|accessdate=13 April 2026}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Moodley so na South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU), Food and Canning Workers Union, African National Congress (ANC), Federation of South African Women, na otu onye hiwere South African Coloured People's Congress (SACPO) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley|title=Mary Moodley|date=26 March 2012|work=South African History Online|accessdate=7 September 2016}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/mary-moodley "Mary Moodley"]. ''South African History Online''. 26 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Food and Canning Workers Union na 1950s na East Rand . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2016-08-25-60-iconic-women-the-people-behind-the-1956-womens-march-to-pretoria-41-50/|title=60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria (41-50)|date=25 August 2016|work=Mail & Guardian|accessdate=8 September 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 1963, a machibidoro ya iwu n'okpuru iwu nke Iwu Mmachibido Iwu Kọmunist . <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgzGqNhLY1UC&q=%22south+african+coloured+people%27s+congress%22+moodley&pg=PA35|title=Women Marching Into the 21st Century: Wathint' abafazi, wathint' imbokodo|author=Human Sciences Research Council|publisher=HSRC Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0796919663|pages=33–34}}</ref> N'ihi mmachibido iwu ya, a naghị ekwe ka ọ sonyere n'òtù ndị ọrụ ma ọ bụ gaa nzukọ, a kpọchiri ya naanị n'ógbè ndị ọkaikpe ya dị na Benoni.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/SACTU/09_women-play-role.htm|title=Organize... or Starve! - The History of the SACTU|author=Luckhardt|work=South African Congress of Trade Unions|publisher=South African History Online|accessdate=7 September 2016|archivedate=22 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822091136/http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/organisations/SACTU/09_women-play-role.htm}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLuckhardtWall">Luckhardt; Wall. . ''South African Congress of Trade Unions''. South African History Online. Archived from on 22 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> N'afọ 1964, e jidere ya n'okpuru Iwu Ụbọchị 90.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://psimg.jstor.org/fsi/img/pdf/t0/10.5555/al.sff.document.nuun1969_13_final.pdf|title=Opponents to Apartheid Subjected to Banning Orders in South Africa|author=United Nations Centre Against Apartheid|publisher=United Nation|year=1969|pages=30|accessdate=7 September 2016}}</ref> Ọ nọwo na-enyere ndị ghọrọ ndị na-agba ọsọ aka ịhapụ South Africa.<ref name=":0"/> A na-emezigharị mmachibido iwu ya, nke ga-adịru afọ ise ma iji gaa ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ ghaghị ịrịọ ikike n'aka ndị ọchịchị mpaghara.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1979. <ref name=":0" /> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị nọ n'okpuru iwu machibidoro iwu n'okpuru ịkpa ókè agbụrụ == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} 1rtbf48qw6127v07fx3rclqngyje32d 0 74924 632363 631277 2026-05-09T06:34:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Musimbi Kanyoro''' bụ [[Human rights defender|Onye na-akwado ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ]], onye ọrụ ebere, na agụmakwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 lessons for funding innovation for social change|url=https://www.devex.com/news/5-lessons-for-funding-innovation-for-social-change-84741|work=Devex|language=en|date=10 November 2014}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Musimbi Kanyoro {{!}} Women's Learning Partnership|url=https://learningpartnership.org/people/musimbi-kanyoro}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke International Board nke [[United World Colleges]] na onye otu onwe ya na London School of Economics and Political Science . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Cheney|first=Catherine|date=2024-11-01|title=Collective leadership is key to lasting impact, in education and beyond|url=https://www.devex.com/news/collective-leadership-is-key-to-lasting-impact-in-education-and-beyond-108630|accessdate=2024-12-04|work=Devex|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Musimbi Kanyoro « The Uprising of Women in Philanthropy|url=https://uprisingofwomeninphilanthropy.com/the-author/dr-musimbi-kanyoro/|accessdate=2024-12-04}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians ("Circle") na onye nhazi mbụ ya (1996-2002). <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Labeodan|first=Helen A.|date=2016-07-08|title=Revisiting the legacy of the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians today: A lesson in strength and perseverance|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v37i2.1586|journal=Verbum et Ecclesia|volume=37|issue=2|doi=10.4102/ve.v37i2.1586|issn=2074-7705}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Musimbi Kanyoro na Migori County, Kenya, ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị tupu ọ banye Alliance Girls School na Nairobi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Musimbi Kanyoro (Kenya) {{!}} WikiPeaceWomen – English|url=https://wikipeacewomen.org/wpworg/en/?page_id=3038|accessdate=2024-07-16|work=wikipeacewomen.org}}</ref> Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ n'afọ ndị 1970, ọ kwadoro mmegide megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/03/star-power-at-a-global-womens-conference/?_r=0|title=Star Power at a Global Women's Conference|date=3 May 2013|accessdate=21 October 2013|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name="KRA" /> Kanyoro nwetara nzere bachelọ na Mahadum Nairobi na PhD na Linguistics na Mahadum Texas dị na Austin. Kanyoro mechara nweta nzere doctorate na nkà mmụta okpukpe ụmụ nwanyị na San Francisco Theological Seminary.. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Lowery|first=Stephanie A.|date=2020-05-22|title=9 African Women Theologians You Should Know About|url=https://theglobalchurchproject.com/african-women-theologians-you-should-know-about/|accessdate=2020-10-25|work=The GlobalChurch Project|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye ọkà mmụta nleta nke Hibru na Agba Ochie na Harvard Divinity School . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr Musimbi Kanyoro|url=https://unglobalcompact.org.au/speakers/dr-musimbi-kanyoro/|accessdate=2024-07-16|work=UN Global Compact Network Australia|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Musimbi_Kanyoro_and_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton.jpeg|thumb|Hillary Rodham Clinton na Musimbi Kanyoro na Global Fund For Women's Dinner na Mee 2013 na New York]] == Ọrụ == [[File:Kanyoro_Sirleaf.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|180x180px|Kanyoro na [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]].]] Kanyoro bụ onye isi odeakwụkwọ, Desk for Women in Church and Society na Lutheran World Federation site na 1982 ruo 1997. <ref>{{Cite web|author=GU|date=20 June 2011|title=A Discussion with Musimbi Kanyoro, CEO and President of the Global Fund for Women|url=https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/interviews/a-discussion-with-musimbi-kanyoro-ceo-and-president-of-the-global-fund-for-women|accessdate=27 July 2022}}</ref> O dezigharịrị akwụkwọ In Search of a Round Table: Gender, Theology and Church Leadership, na 1998. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molloy|first=Cathy|date=Winter 1998|title=Review: [Untitled] in Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30113966|accessdate=27 July 2022}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ nsụgharị maka United Bible Societies. Site na 1998 ruo 2007, Kanyoro ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ ukwu mbụ na-abụghị onye ọcha nke World YWCA . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Salzman|first=Marian|title=10 Power Women Brands|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mariansalzman/2015/09/08/10-power-women-brands/|work=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref name="KRA">{{Cite news|url=http://www.kra.go.ke/pdf/news/BIOGRAPHY%20OF%20THOSE%20AWARDED.pdf|title=Biography of those awarded|publisher=Kenya Revenue Agency|accessdate=18 October 2013}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110719014748/http://www.kra.go.ke/pdf/news/BIOGRAPHY%20OF%20THOSE%20AWARDED.pdf "Biography of those awarded"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kenya Revenue Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Kanyoro bụ onye nduzi nke Population and Reproductive Health Program nke David na Lucile Packard Foundation site na 2007 ruo 2011.<ref name="Berkley">{{Cite news|date=20 June 2011|title=A Discussion with Musimbi Kanyoro, CEO and President of the Global Fund for Women|url=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/interviews/a-discussion-with-musimbi-kanyoro-ceo-and-president-of-the-global-fund-for-women|accessdate=18 October 2013|publisher=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye otu Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mgbakọ Mba Nile nke Beijing ma duru ndị nnọchiteanya gaa Mgbakọ Mba Nile ise nke UN n'afọ 1990. Site na 2018 ruo 2019, ọ jere ozi na Kọmishọna Nnọọrọ Onwe Ya maka Omume Ọjọọ Mmekọahụ, Ibu Ọrụ na Mgbanwe Omenala na Oxfam, nke Zainab Bangura na Katherine Sierra so bụrụ ndị isi oche.. Musimbi Kanyoro bụ onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke Global Fund for Women site na 2011 ruo 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lieberman|first=Amy|date=13 August 2019|title=Some gender equality progress 'slipping away,' says former Global Fund for Women CEO|url=https://www.devex.com/news/some-gender-equality-progress-slipping-away-says-former-global-fund-for-women-ceo-95440}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ bọọdụ, gụnyere Aspen Leaders Council, CARE Board, UN High Level Taskforce for Reproductive Health, UN Women Civil Society Advisory Board, U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) "s Scientific Advisory board <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-14|title=Dr Musimbi Kanyoro - Homeward Bound|url=https://homewardboundprojects.com.au/profile/dr-musimbi-kanyoro/|accessdate=2024-07-16|language=en-AU}}</ref> na International Board of the [[United World Colleges]] . <ref name=":2" /> Kanyoro esorola onye bụbu onyeisiala mba Ireland rụọ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ, gụnyere Board of Directors of Reaching Rights: the Ethical Globalization Initiative. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye otu Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) Reference Group. Ọ bụkwa onye otu Global Philanthropy Committee nke Council of Foundations . <ref>{{Cite web|date=January 2012|title=Global Philanthropy|url=http://www.cof.org/whoweserve/international/committee/index.cfm?navItemNumber=15638|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019231902/http://www.cof.org/whoweserve/international/committee/index.cfm?navItemNumber=15638|archivedate=19 October 2013|accessdate=19 October 2013|publisher=[[Council on Foundations]]}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=November 2018|title=Musimbi Kanyoro Appointed Chair of UWC International Board|url=https://www.uwc.org/musimbiappointment|accessdate=16 January 2019}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.uwc.org/musimbiappointment "Musimbi Kanyoro Appointed Chair of UWC International Board"]. November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Kanyoro jere ozi dị ka onye otu ndị nduzi nke African Population and Health Research Centre, ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ISIS Work ruo afọ asaa. Ọ na-ejekwa ozi na bọọdụ nke CARE, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.care.org/newsroom/articles/2012/10/care-new-board-members-kanyoro-janah-20121009.asp|title=CARE Announces Board Member Musimbi Kanyoro|date=October 2011|accessdate=19 October 2013}}</ref> Intra Health, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.intrahealth.org/page/musimbi-kanyoro-joins-intrahealth-internationals-board-of-directors|title=Musimbi Kanyoro Joins Intra Health International Board of Directors|date=September 2010|accessdate=19 October 2013}}</ref> CHANGE na Legacy Memory Bank, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legacymemorybank.org/index.php?view=article&catid=36%3Abiography&id=69%3Amusimbi+kanyoro&option=com_content&Itemid=60|title=Musimbi Kanyoro Joins Board of Legacy Memory Bank|date=November 2007|accessdate=19 October 2013|archivedate=12 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512041040/http://www.legacymemorybank.org/index.php?view=article&catid=36%3Abiography&id=69%3Amusimbi+kanyoro&option=com_content&Itemid=60}}</ref> ma bụrụkwa onye otu World Health Organization. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Nkwado na nsọpụrụ == * 1999 - Ihe nrite nke ikike mmadụ<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpretermagazine.org/umns/usnews_archive.asp?ptid=2&story=%7BE510D330-9DC3-4E68-BAD0-D9C4B7837AD9%7D&mid=883|title=presented by Church Women United, USA, in recognition of commitment and dedication to global human rights of women|date=September 1999|accessdate=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 1999 - Doctor of Divinity (honorary), Trinity Lutheran Seminary, (TLS) USA, maka enyemaka dị mkpa na nkà mmụta okpukpe Ndị Kraịst * 2000 - Ihe nrite Wittenberg<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elca.org/Who-We-Are/Our-Three-Expressions/Churchwide-Organization/Communication-Services/News/Releases.aspx?a=3673|title=presented by the Luther Institute, USA in recognition of outstanding service to church and society|date=September 2000|accessdate=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2005 - a họpụtara ya dị ka State Commendations of Kenya Moran nke Order of the Burning Spear (MBS) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.law.co.ke/KenyaGazette/view_gazette.php?title=1145|title=Selected Gazette Notices From Vol. CVII-No.85|publisher=Republic of Kenya|date=9 December 2005|accessdate=18 October 2013|archivedate=24 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424172059/http://www.law.co.ke/KenyaGazette/view_gazette.php?title=1145}}</ref> * 2005 - Onyinye ụmụ nwanyị nke ihe oriri <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200510241020.html|title=African Women's Development Fund, Accra, Ghana|date=April 2005|accessdate=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2005 - Global Leadership Award, World Vision na International AIDS Trust, USA<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abeingo.org/profiles/musimbi%20kanyoro.pdf|title=World Vision and International AIDS Trust, USA|date=March 2005|accessdate=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2005 - Onye a họpụtara, 1000 Women for the Nobel Peace Prize, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldywca.org/YWCA-News/World-YWCA-and-Member-Associations-News/World-YWCA-General-Secretary-Nominated-for-Nobel-Peace-Prize|title=Nominee, 1000 Women for the Nobel Peace Prize|date=September 2005|accessdate=21 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021225504/http://www.worldywca.org/YWCA-News/World-YWCA-and-Member-Associations-News/World-YWCA-General-Secretary-Nominated-for-Nobel-Peace-Prize|archivedate=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2006 - Onyinye Ụmụ nwanyị, idu ndú na nkwanye ùgwù mmadụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bsc.edu/communications/southern/summer06/summer-06.pdf|title=for significant contribution to advancement of human dignity, presented by Birmingham-South College, Birmingham, Alabama, USA|date=April 2006|accessdate=21 October 2013|archivedate=3 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210201/http://www.bsc.edu/communications/southern/summer06/summer-06.pdf}}</ref> * 2008 - Okwu mmeghe: Nelson Mandela Lecture Series na Mahadum nke South Australia <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://w3.unisa.edu.au/hawkecentre/nml/default.asp|title=presented by the University of South Australia and the Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Centre, Adelaide, Australia|date=14 October 2008|accessdate=21 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021225422/http://w3.unisa.edu.au/hawkecentre/nml/default.asp|archivedate=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2011 - Ịgbanwe ihu nke Philanthropy <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womensfundingnetwork.org/sites/wfnet.org/files/cfp-awards-presentation.pdf|title=presented by the Women's Funding Network, San Francisco, California, USA|date=7–9 April 2011|accessdate=21 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021222737/http://www.womensfundingnetwork.org/sites/wfnet.org/files/cfp-awards-presentation.pdf|archivedate=21 October 2013}}</ref> * 2012 - National Council for Research on Women 2012 == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * {{Cite book|ref=none|author=Bofu-Tawamba|first=Ndana|url=https://www.routledge.com/The-Uprising-of-Women-in-Philanthropy/Bofu-Tawamba-Bright-Clohesy-Grumm-Kanyoro-LaKellyHunt-Oliveira-Risimini-Sloane-Tomlin/p/book/9781032361468?utm_medium=email&utm_source=EmailStudio&utm_campaign=U7597454184_Books+Author+Post-Publication+Support_5035855&utm_id=|title=The uprising of women in philanthropy|date=2025|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-032-36146-8|location=Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY}} * Dube, Musa na Musimbi R.A. Kanyoro, eds. ''Nye m ikpe ziri ezi! : HIV/AIDS na ọgụgụ nwoke na nwanyị nke Bible.'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1570756009|<bdi>978-1570756009</bdi>]] &nbsp; * Kanyoro, Musimbi R.A. na Nyambura J. Njoroge, eds. ''Groaning in Faith: Ụmụ nwanyị Africa n'ụlọ Chineke.'' Nairobi: Acton Publishers. Akwụkwọ sitere na Interfaith Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians, 1996. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-9966888242|<bdi>978-9966888242</bdi>]] &nbsp; * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''N'ịchọ tebụl gburugburu: okike, nkà mmụta okpukpe & idu ndú ụka.'' Geneva: WCC Publications, 1997. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/2-8254-1209-0|<bdi>2-8254-1209-0</bdi>]] &nbsp; * Kanyoro, Musimbi R.A. na Nyambura J. Njoroge, eds. ''Afọ iri nke ịdị n'otu na Bible: emume afọ iri: ọhụụ karịa 1998. '' Geneva: WCC Publications, 1998. * Kanyoro, Musimbi R.A., Nkwupụta Ọdịbendị Ụmụ nwanyị: Echiche Africa. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0829814996|<bdi>978-0829814996</bdi>]] &nbsp; * Kanyoro, Musimbi R.A., Forward to The alternative Luther: Lutheran theology from the subaltern, nke Else Marie Wiberg Pedersen dezigharịrị. Minneapolis: Fortress Academic, 2019. * Oduyoye, Mercy Amba na Musimbi R.A. Kanyoro, eds. ''The Will to Uto: Women, Tradition, na Church in Africa.'' [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1597524742|<bdi>978-1597524742</bdi>]]. &nbsp; == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.globalfundforwomen.org/ Global Fund for Women] * [https://archive.today/20121220215255/http://www.legacymemorybank.org/ Legacy Memory Bank Advisory Board] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ep90mwefav0nvth7wdoarukped7rgid 0 74958 632320 631239 2026-05-08T16:40:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marie-Elise Akouavi Gbèdo''' (amụrụ na Disemba 29, 1954) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[Benin|mba Benin]] nke azọọla ọkwa onyeisiala ugboro anọ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka Minista nke Ikpe Ziri Ezi nke mba Benin site na 2012 ruo 2013. == Akụkọ Ndụ == === Ndụ mbụ na ọrụ iwu === A mụrụ Marie-Elise Gbèdo na Disemba 29, 1954 na Mankono, nke dị na [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]] nke oge a. <ref name="Panapress.com 2006-01-26">{{Cite web|url=http://www.panapress.com/Marie-Elise-Gbedo-se-presente-sous-le-signe-de-la-parite--12-628542-10-lang4-index.html|title=Marie Elise-Gbédo se présente sous le signe de la parité|date=26 January 2006|work=[[Agence panafricaine de presse]]|accessdate=21 October 2016|language=French}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Benin na ọkwa praịmarị na sekọndrị, wee gaa France ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum Sorbonne . O nwetara ikike na nzere masta na iwu, na 1983 ọ nwetara nzere masta na Iwu Azụmaahịa. E nyere ya asambodo ahụike dị ka ọkaiwu (CAPA) n'afọ sochirinụ. Ọ sonyeere ndị ọkaiwu Paris na 1985 ma rụọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ iwu. <ref name="Akyeampong-Gates">{{Cite book|author=Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong|title=Dictionary of African Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2012|pages=437–438|isbn=9780195382075}}</ref> Na 1987, mgbe ọ lọtara Benin, Gbedo ghọrọ nwanyị nke ise a kpọrọ ka ọ bụrụ ọkaiwu na mba ya. Ọkaiwu ahụ meghere ọfịs nke ya afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị. <ref name="Ips.org 2011-02-05">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ips.org/fr/politique-benin-marie-elise-gbedo-symbole-de-perseverance/|title=Marie Elise Gbèdo, symbole de persévérance|author=Ulrich Vital Ahotondji|date=5 February 2011|work=[[Inter Press Service]]|language=French|accessdate=21 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527221817/http://www.ips.org/fr/politique-benin-marie-elise-gbedo-symbole-de-perseverance/|archivedate=27 May 2014}}</ref> Ọ kwadoro ikike ụmụ nwanyị ma bụrụ onyeisi oche nke Association of Women Lawyers of Benin (AFJB). Gbedo gbara ụmụ nwanyị ume ka ha gaa ọmụmụ ihe mahadum ma kwaa arịrị maka enweghị ndị nchịkwa ụmụ nwanyị na Benin. Na Maachị 1998, ndị oji egbe isii gbagburu ya ugboro ise mgbe ọ hapụrụ ọfịs ya. Mgbọ tinyekwara nwa ya nwoke dị afọ asaa. A mara mmadụ anọ n'ime ndị wakporo ahụ ikpe ịrụsi ọrụ ike afọ 15, otu n'ime ha tọhapụkwara onwe ya. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Présidentielle au Benin : Marie-Elise Gbèdo, une femme dans la mêlée|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/296397/politique/presidentielle-benin-marie-elise-gbedo-femme-melee/|accessdate=21 October 2016|work=Jeune Afrique|date=26 February 2016|language=French}}</ref> === Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị === Na Mee afọ 1998, Onyeisiala Mathieu Kérékou họpụtara ya Minista Azụmaahịa, Ọrụ Aka, na Njem Nleta. A chụpụrụ ya n'ọkwa ahụ na June 1999 mgbe ọ gbalịrị idozi akụkọ gbasara nkwekọrịta azụmaahịa dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala nke mba SONACOP na ụlọ ọrụ nkeonwe. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye na-akatọ gọọmentị nke ukwuu, na-eme ka o kpebisie ike ịkwụsị azụmaahịa dịka ọ na-emebu. Ọ na-apụtakarị na telivishọn na redio mba na-akatọ ọchịchị Kerekou. <ref name="afrol">{{Cite news|first=Michee|author=Boko|url=http://www.afrol.com/News2001/ben002_woman_candidate.htm|title=First female presidential candidate in Benin|work=IPS (afrol News)|date=22 February 2001|accessdate=21 October 2016}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2001, ọ kpọsara na ọ ga-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala na Machị 2001, wee bụrụ nwanyị mbụ ga-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala na mba ahụ na onye mbụ ga-azọ ọkwa onyeisiala na West Africa . <ref name="Houngnikpo-Decalo">{{Cite book|author=Mathurin C. Houngnikpo|title=Historical Dictionary of Benin|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2013|isbn=9780810871717}}</ref> N'ime nke a, Gbèdo, nne nke ụmụ abụọ, chere echiche ụfọdụ gbasara ndị na-echekwa echiche. Karịsịa, ọ natara nkwenye n'ihi na a gbara ya alụkwaghịm. A kọrọ na ụmụ nwanyị anabataghị ya karịa ụmụ nwoke, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị dịka Dignite Feminine kwadoro ya. Ọ gbara ọsọ dịka onye nọọrọ onwe ya, o nakweere okwu ahụ bụ "Hwenusu" ("Oge eruola" [[Asụsụ Fon|n'asụsụ Fon]] ). O kwuru ma kwuo na oge eruola ka ụmụ nwanyị tinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma jiri ike mee ihe. Nzọpụta ya lekwasịrị anya n'ọgụ megide nrụrụ aka. <ref name="Ips.org 2006-02-24">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ips.org/fr/politique-benin-deux-amazones-a-la-conquete-du-pouvoir-detat/|title=Deux amazones à la conquête du pouvoir d'Etat|author=Michée Boko|date=24 February 2006|work=[[Inter Press Service]]|accessdate=21 October 2016|language=French|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527214831/http://www.ips.org/fr/politique-benin-deux-amazones-a-la-conquete-du-pouvoir-detat/|archivedate=27 May 2014}}</ref> Na ntuli aka ahụ, o were ọnọdụ nke iri na otu na 0.36% nke votu ahụ. Na Nọvemba 2005, o dere akwụkwọ "Le destin du roseau" (Mkpụrụ Akaebe), nke nwere ajụjụ ọnụ gbasara ndụ ya na edemede gbasara ọhụụ ya gbasara mmepe Benin na nke Afrịka n'ozuzu ya. Mgbe ọ gbara ọsọ ọzọ na ntuli aka onyeisiala nke Machị 2006, Gbedo sochiri ya, onye na-eme ihe nkiri bụ Sanvi Panou, onye mepụtara ihe nkiri a kpọrọ onye ga-azọ ọkwa Amazon. Nwanyị ọzọ, Celestine Zanou, so na ndị ga-azọ ọkwa 26. Gbedo nọ n'ọnọdụ nke 16 na 0.33% nke votu ahụ. <ref name="DB">{{Cite web|url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/bj.html|title=Elections in Benin|work=African Elections Database|accessdate=21 October 2016|archivedate=27 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627183714/https://africanelections.tripod.com/bj.html}}</ref> Ọ zọọrọ ọkwa onyeisiala na ntuliaka onyeisiala nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2011. Mgbe a kpọchara Thomas Boni Yayi onye meriri, o kpebiri ịkwado ya n'agbanyeghị na ndị mmegide na-ama aka na nsonaazụ ya. N'ihi ya, ọ họpụtara ya dịka Minista Ikpe Ziri Ezi na 2012. <ref name="Justice.gouv.bj bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.justice.gouv.bj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23&Itemid=60|title=Biographie d'Akuavi Marie-Elise Christiana Gbèdo|work=Ministère de la Justice, de la Législation et des Droits de l'Homme|accessdate=21 October 2016|language=French|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527215901/http://www.justice.gouv.bj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23&Itemid=60|archivedate=27 May 2014}}</ref> Gbèdo jere ozi ruo 2013 ma otu nwanyị, Reckya Madougou, nọchiri ya. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Gretchen Bauer|title=Gender and the Judiciary in Africa: From Obscurity to Parity?|date=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1317516484}}</ref> O meriri ntuliaka onyeisiala nke ọnwa Maachị afọ 2016 n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lanouvelletribune.info/benin/politique/26219-presidentielle-2016-le-reve-de-marie-elise-gbedo-enfin-concretise|title=Présidentielle 2016 : Le rêve de Marie-Elise Gbèdo enfin concrétisé|work=La Nouvelle Tribune|author=Par Yao Hervé Kingbêwé|date=3 November 2013|accessdate=21 October 2016|language=French}}</ref> Ikpo okwu ya dabere n'inye ọkụ eletrik a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na ịlụso enweghị ọrụ ndị ntorobịa ọgụ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Benin Election: Female candidate makes fourth attempt at presidency|url=http://www.africanews.com/2016/03/04/benin-election-female-candidate-makes-fourth-attempt-at-presidency/|accessdate=21 October 2016|work=Africa News|date=4 March 2016}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == E nyere Marie-Elise Gbèdo ọkwa nke Onyeisi nke National Order of Benin n'afọ 2000. Ọ bụkwa Knight of the National Order of the Legion of Honor. == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180425082949/http://www.marieelisegbedo.com/ Weebụsaịtị nkeonwe] Archived [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] trquik59tk7rxkp2trcazwiuqc611ee 0 75012 632383 632087 2026-05-09T11:31:08Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352848189|Frances M. Beal]]" 632383 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Frances M. Beal''', onye a makwaara dị ka '''Fran Beal''', (amụrụ na Jenụwarị 13, 1940, na Binghamton, New York) bụ onye Black feminist na onye [[Pọlitiks|ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]] udo na ikpe ziri ezi.<ref name="accessmylibrary1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-186998743/excerpts-voices-feminism-oral.html|title=Cengage Learning|publisher=Accessmylibrary.com|accessdate=2015-10-16}}</ref> O lekwasịrị anya na ikike ụmụ nwanyị, ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ, ọrụ mgbochi agha na udo, yana ịdị n'otu mba ụwa. Beal bụ onye guzobere SNCC Black Women's Liberation Committee, nke mechara ghọọ Third World Women's Alliance . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/|title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women|author=Hartmann|first=Maureen|work=The Street Spirit|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka mbipụta ya, "Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female", nke na-akọwa njikọ nke mmegbu n'etiti agbụrụ, ọkwa, na okike. Beal bi na Oakland, California ugbu a.<ref name="accessmylibrary1" /> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Beal na Binghamton, NY, nwa Charlotte Berman Yates na Ernest Yates. A mụrụ nne Beal, Charlotte Berman Yates, na United States n'ezinụlọ ndị Russia na ndị Juu si mba ọzọ gbapụrụ Russia mgbe ha nupụchara isi megide Czar Russia na-emegide ndị Juu.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=1990–2014|title=Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories|url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657}}</ref> Nna Beal, Ernest Yates, bụ onye America ojii nke sitere na mba Amerịka, onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Syracuse na nzere injinia obodo. Mgbe ọ laghachiri Binghamton, nna Beal nwetara nkewa na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, enweghị ike inweta ọrụ metụtara injinia ma mechaa bụrụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọala gwongworo ruo ndụ ya niile.<ref name=":9" /> Beal kọwara ịzụlite ya dị ka ihe siri ike, mana ọ kwetara mmetụta ya n'ịkpụzi echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Dị ka nwatakịrị, ọ kwurịtara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndị mụrụ ya na mkpa ọ dị ịbụ onye. N'ajụjụ ọnụ ọ kwupụtara, sị: "M nwere ike icheta ihere dị ka nwatakịrị. Gịnị mere nne m ji mee nke a?" na-ekwu "ị chọghị ka ndị mụrụ gị dị iche na ndị ọzọ; na ọkwa ọzọ, ị na-amụta banyere ikpe na-ezighị ezi. " <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/|title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women|author=Hartmann|first=Maureen|work=The Street Spirit|date=7 May 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHartmann2015">Hartmann, Maureen (7 May 2015). [http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ "Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women"]. ''The Street Spirit''.</cite></ref> Nne ya kụziiri ya na o nwere ọrụ onwe onye na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iji chee ihu na enweghị nhata nke ya na ndị ọzọ na-emetụta. Na Binghamton, nne Beal kwadoro òtù ọmụmụ Marxism Leninism, megide ọchịchọ nke ndị na-agbaso omenala, ndị ọcha ka ukwuu n'obodo ahụ.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=1990–2014|title=Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories|url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657 "Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories"]. 1990–2014.</cite></ref> Inweta ihe ọmụma banyere ndị mụrụ ya na-aga n'ihu mere ka o mata ikpe na-ezighị ezi dị n'ụwa. O mechara jiri mmetụta nke ịchụpụ ya mee ihe iji gbalịa ịbụ onye kacha mma n'ihe niile, gbanwee ahụ erughị ala ya ka ọ bụrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, soro ndị mụrụ ya na-eme ihe ike. Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị, ọ kwagara St. Albans, otu agbata obi dị na Queens. Mgbe Beal dị afọ iri na ise, e gburu Emmett Till dị afọ iri anọ - onye si Chicago - na Mississippi. Beal jikọtara ya na Till nke ukwuu na ihe omume a kpaliri ya ịchụso ọrụ ọha na eze.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=1990–2014|title=Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories|url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657 "Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories"]. 1990–2014.</cite></ref> [[Faịlụ:Logo_SNCC.svg|thumb|Ihe ngosi nke Kọmitii Nhazi Ụmụ akwụkwọ na-adịghị eme ihe ike]] N'afọ 1958, Beal gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Andrew Jackson High School wee gaa Mahadum Wisconsin. N'ebe ahụ, ọ na-etinye aka n'ọrụ ikike obodo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=1990–2014|title=Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories|url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657 "Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories"]. 1990–2014.</cite></ref> N'oge ọ nọ n'afọ nke abụọ, Beal gara mba ọzọ na France, ebe ọ na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kọmunist wee lụọ James Beal ma mụọ ụmụ abụọ.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/|title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women|author=Hartmann|first=Maureen|work=The Street Spirit|date=7 May 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHartmann2015">Hartmann, Maureen (7 May 2015). [http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ "Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women"]. ''The Street Spirit''.</cite></ref> Beal na di ya biri na France site na 1959 ruo 1966 ka ọ na-aga Sorbonne. Na Sorbonne, Beal nyochara echiche aka ekpe site na ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ mpaghara na mmekọrịta ya na [[Algeria]] National Liberation Front (FLN). N'afọ 1965, Beal haziri Malcolm X ka ọ gaa Paris ma duzie mkparịta ụka gbasara Pan-Africanism na internationalism.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Frances Beal: A Revolutionary Woman – The College of Arts & Sciences at Texas A&M University|url=https://liberalarts.tamu.edu/blog/2022/03/01/frances-beal-a-revolutionary-woman/|accessdate=2024-11-01|work=liberalarts.tamu.edu}}</ref> Mgbe afọ isii nke alụmdi na nwunye gasịrị, ha laghachiri na Steeti wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee). <ref>{{Cite web|author=Spirit|first=Street|date=2015-05-07|title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women|url=https://thestreetspirit.org/2015/05/06/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/|accessdate=2024-10-28|work=Street Spirit|language=en-US}}</ref> Beal matara ọgụ iji kwụsị ọchịchị ndị Algeria mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mba ofesi na Mahadum Sorbonne, nke kpaliri ya ịmara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmasị na ikpe ziri ezi.<ref name=":2" /> == Nhazi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == N'afọ 1958, Beal malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Wisconsin NAACP, dị ka osote onye isi ala, ebe ọ gbagara n'ihe mgbochi ndị na-achọghị mgbanwe nke mere ka ọ ghara ịhapụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=22 March 2012|title=Women's History Month 2012: Frances M. Beal|url=https://hulshofschmidt.wordpress.com/2012/03/22/womens-history-month-2012-frances-m-beal/|accessdate=2016-02-24}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye onye nkuzi na-eche echiche sitere na SNCC kpaliri, Beal na ndị ọzọ nọ na Mahadum Wisconsin NAACP mere ngagharị iwe udo n'èzí Woolworth dị nso na kọleji iji gosipụta ịdị n'otu na SNCC Civil Rights Sit-In movement na South. Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'isi ndị okenye nke NAACP, Beal laghachiri azụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=1990–2014|title=Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories|url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657 "Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories"]. 1990–2014.</cite></ref> Beal sonyeghachiri na nhazi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na isonye na SNCC n'oge Civil Rights Movement. N'oge ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, ọrụ SNCC gbanwere gaa na Black Power nke nwoke na-achịkwa. Beal na ndị ọrụ ibe ya nwanyị rụrụ ọrụ ma nye aka na nzukọ ahụ, mana a maghị ha maka ọkwa ndị isi. Ọ bụ ezie na nna ochie nwere mmetụta na nhazi SNCC, agbụrụ ghọrọ isi okwu a na-ekwu maka ya.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Separate Roads to Feminism: Black, Chicana, and White feminist movements in America's second wave|author=Roth|first=Benita|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-521-52972-3|location=New York, NY|url=https://archive.org/details/separateroadstof00roth}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye nwere nchegbu banyere ikike ụmụ nwanyị, Beal sonyeere Women's Movement. N'ihi ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị dị ala n'ime òtù ndị ikom na-achịkwa dị ka SNCC, ọ kwadoro Kọmitii Nnwere Onwe Black Women nke SNCC na 1968, n'akụkụ Mae Jackson na Gwendolyn Patton. Beal gosipụtara mkpesa ya na ihe nkiri She's Beautiful When She's Angry, na-ekwu, "Anọ m na Kọmitii Nhazi Ndị Mmụta Na-anaghị Eme Ihe Ike. Ị na-ekwu maka nnwere onwe na nnwere onwe ọkara abalị n'akụkụ agbụrụ, mgbe ahụ na mberede, ụmụ nwoke ga-atụgharị ma malite ikwu maka itinye gị n'ọnọdụ gị. Ya mere, na 1968, anyị hiwere Kọmitii Nnwere Onwe Ụmụ Nwanyị Ojii nke SNCC iji leba anya n'ụfọdụ n'ime okwu ndị a. "<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film/|title=The Film — She's Beautiful When She's Angry|publisher=Shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com|accessdate=2017-04-28|archivedate=2019-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811001945/http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film}}</ref> Kọmitii Nnwere Onwe Ụmụ nwanyị ojii nke SNCC gbanwere n'ime ma mesịa ghọọ Third World Women's Alliance na 1969 site na nnabata ụmụ nwanyị Puerto Rican n'ime nzukọ ahụ. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film/|title=The Film — She's Beautiful When She's Angry|publisher=Shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com|accessdate=2017-04-28|archivedate=2019-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811001945/http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190811001945/http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film "The Film — She's Beautiful When She's Angry"]. Shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com. Archived from [http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film/ the original] on 2019-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=The movements of the New Left, 1950–1975 : a brief history with documents|author=Gosse|first=Van|publisher=Bedford/St. Martin's|year=2005|isbn=978-1403968043|location=Boston|pages=131–133}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|date=2021-07-22|title=At the Intersection of Race, Gender, and Class: Honoring the Revolutionary Feminist Legacy of the Third World Women's Alliance|url=https://www.blackwomenradicals.com/blog-feed/at-the-intersections-of-race-gender-and-class-honoring-the-revolutionary-feminist-legacy-of-the-third-world-womens-alliance|accessdate=2024-11-01|work=Black Women Radicals|language=en-US}}</ref> TWWA bụ òtù dị na NYC nke na-agba mbọ inyere ụmụ nwanyị na obodo ndị a na-achụpụ n'ụwa niile aka n'ọgụ maka ikpe ziri ezi. Nzukọ ahụ wuru usoro Marxist na Nationalist.<ref name=":11" /> TWWA na-etinye ọnọdụ dị mkpa nke [[Intersectionality|ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị intersectionality]], na-ekweta mmegbu sitere na ihu agbụrụ, ọkwa, okike, akụrụngwa, imperialism, na ikike.<ref name=":11" /> Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na SNCC, Beal na ndị ọrụ ibe ya malitere ichegbu onwe ha banyere nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị, ọkachasị mwakpo megide ikpe ziri ezi nke ọmụmụ nwanyị ojii site na ịmanye ha ka ha ghara ịmụ nwa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/|title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women|author=Hartmann|first=Maureen|work=The Street Spirit|date=7 May 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHartmann2015">Hartmann, Maureen (7 May 2015). [http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ "Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women"]. ''The Street Spirit''.</cite></ref> Maka Beal, ikpe ziri ezi nke ịmụ nwa bụ nke onwe onye dịka enyi Beal si n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nwụrụ site na ite ime n'azụ okporo ámá.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Frances Beal: A Revolutionary Woman – The College of Arts & Sciences at Texas A&M University|url=https://liberalarts.tamu.edu/blog/2022/03/01/frances-beal-a-revolutionary-woman/|accessdate=2024-11-01|work=liberalarts.tamu.edu}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://liberalarts.tamu.edu/blog/2022/03/01/frances-beal-a-revolutionary-woman/ "Frances Beal: A Revolutionary Woman – The College of Arts & Sciences at Texas A&M University"]. ''liberalarts.tamu.edu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ọ na-etinye aka na CESA, Kọmitii na-akwụsị mmetọ.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=The Black power Movement: Rethinking the civil rights-Black power era|author=Joseph|first=Peniel|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|isbn=978-0415945950|location=New York, NY|pages=316}}</ref> Òtù a lụrụ ọgụ iji nyere ụmụ nwanyị na-adịghị mma aka bụ ndị a na-elekwasị anya n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi ma manye ha ka ha ghara ịmụ nwa n'amaghị ama nweta ikpe ziri ezi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cwluherstory.org/health/sterlization-abuse-a-task-for-the-womens-movement|title=Sterlization Abuse: A Task for the Women's Movement|work=CWLU Herstory project|date=30 August 2016|accessdate=May 1, 2018}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị SNCC, Beal gara mba ahụ ma rụọ ọrụ iji hazie ma nye ụmụ nwanyị ojii ike site na itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na National Council of Negro Women na ọrụ ya site na Project Woman Power. Beal bipụtakwara akwụkwọ akụkọ National Council of Negro Women: The Black Woman . <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=1990–2014|title=Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories|url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657 "Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories"]. 1990–2014.</cite></ref> N'afọ 1969, Beal dere edemede nke kwuru maka mmekọrịta dị mgbagwoju anya ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-eche ihu na ọgụ ha na-alụ, nke a na-akpọ "Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female". N'ime edemede a, Beal na-akatọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ikike ọmụmụ, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọha na eze, ka ọ na-ekweta ọnọdụ pụrụ iche Black Women nọ na ya, n'ime ọha mmadụ. Akwụkwọ a ghọrọ nguzo SNCC n'ebe ụmụ nwanyị nọ.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|author=Wallace|first=Michele|date=March 18, 1979|title=To Be Black and Female|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/18/archives/to-be-black-and-female-black.html|accessdate=April 30, 2018|work=New York Times}}</ref> Mbipụta a bụ akụkụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nhazi ụmụ nwanyị ojii, ebe ọrụ ya "na-ejikọta na edemede ndị ọzọ na-enyocha njikọ agbụrụ na okike na ndụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii. "<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=The Black power Movement: Rethinking the civil rights-Black power era|author=Joseph|first=Peniel|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|isbn=978-0415945950|location=New York, NY|pages=316}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJoseph2006">Joseph, Peniel (2006). ''The Black power Movement: Rethinking the civil rights-Black power era''. New York, NY: Routledge. p.&nbsp;316. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0415945950|<bdi>978-0415945950</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Ọ bụkwa onye otu National Anti-Racist Organizing Committee, nke lekwasịrị anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ma na-elekwasị anya na nhazi mba.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|date=April 2015|title=The Best of the Black Scholar: The Black Women|journal=The Black Scholar|volume=12|issue=6|pages=79–80|doi=10.1080/00064246.1981.11414224}}</ref> Site na nhazi ya, Beal zutere ọtụtụ ọchịchị mmegbu nke gụnyere mmekọrịta ike dị mgbagwoju anya nke mere ka ụmụ nwanyị ojii ghara inwe ikike ma napụ ha ikike. Nhazi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya chọrọ idozi enweghị nha anya n'usoro ma nye ndị otu a na-emegbu ikike. == Ọrụ odeakụkọ == Ewezuga itinye aka na òtù, Beal nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye edemede na onye nchịkọta akụkọ. Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke The Black Scholar ma kọọ maka San Francisco Bay View. Beal bụkwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ TWWA, Triple Jeopardy, The Black Woman's Voice for the National Council of Negro Women, na onye nchịkọta akụkọ na-enye aka na Line of March, Marxist-Leninist Theoretical Journal . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film/|title=The Film — She's Beautiful When She's Angry|publisher=Shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com|accessdate=2017-04-28|archivedate=2019-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811001945/http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190811001945/http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film "The Film — She's Beautiful When She's Angry"]. Shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com. Archived from [http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film/ the original] on 2019-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-28</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|date=April 2015|title=The Best of the Black Scholar: The Black Women|journal=The Black Scholar|volume=12|issue=6|pages=79–80|doi=10.1080/00064246.1981.11414224}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">"The Best of the Black Scholar: The Black Women". ''The Black Scholar''. '''12''' (6): <span class="nowrap">79–</span>80. April 2015. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00064246.1981.11414224|10.1080/00064246.1981.11414224]].</cite></ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == Beal dere edemede akpọrọ "Slave of A Slave No More: Black Women in Struggle", nke e bipụtara na 1975 ma pụta na mbipụta nke isii nke The Black Scholar . <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|author=Beal|first=Frances|date=March 1975|title=Slave of A Slave No More: Black Women in Struggle|journal=The Black Scholar|volume=6|issue=6|pages=2–10|doi=10.1080/00064246.1975.11431488}}</ref> Edemede a kwuru maka echiche ndị isi ojii nke ndị ikom ojii nke bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'oge ikike obodo. O kwuru na a na-emegbu ụmụ nwanyị ojii na mmegbu ọzọ n'ihi na ụmụnne ha ndị ojii na-agbaso echiche ndị metụtara nwoke na nwanyị n'ihe kwesịrị ịbụ ọgụ ọnụ maka ikpe ziri ezi ọha mmadụ.<ref name=":8" /> N'afọ 1969, o bipụtara "Black Women's Manifesto; Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female". Ọ na-akọwa ọdịdị nke mmegbu pụrụ iche nke ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America n'ime iwu ndị na-akpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị na ndị na-ahụ maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ma na-enye iwu maka ụlọ ọrụ ụmụ ''Nwanyị Ojii''. E mechara degharịa mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ wee bipụta ya na The Black Woman, akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Toni Cade Bambara dezigharịrị na 1970. Otu mbipụta e degharịrị nke "Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female" pụtakwara na 1970 anthology Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From The Women's Liberation Movement, nke Robin Morgan dezigharịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/196.html|title=Frances M. Beal, Black Women's Manifesto; Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female|publisher=Hartford-hwp.com|accessdate=2015-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Sisterhood is powerful : an anthology of writings from the women's liberation movement (Book, 1970)|publisher=[WorldCat.org]|oclc=96157}}</ref> E gosipụtara ya na The Black Scholar na 1975. <ref name=":6">{{Cite news|author=Wallace|first=Michele|date=March 18, 1979|title=To Be Black and Female|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/18/archives/to-be-black-and-female-black.html|accessdate=April 30, 2018|work=New York Times}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWallace1979">Wallace, Michele (March 18, 1979). [https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/18/archives/to-be-black-and-female-black.html "To Be Black and Female"]. ''New York Times''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Na 2002, Beal dere otu akụkọ akpọrọ "Ihe nketa Frederick Douglass maka Oge Anyị", nke o ji kpọọ aha mkpochapụ nke ọgụ ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu nke a na-eleghara anya n'ụbọchị nnwere onwe ma jiri aka Frederick Douglass chetara ndị mmadụ "Nnwere onwe bụ ọgụ mgbe niile."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/408.html|title=Frederick Douglass' Legacy for Our Times|author=Beal|first=Frances|date=July 9, 2002|accessdate=April 29, 2018}}</ref> E gosipụtara Beal na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke afọ 2013 Feminist: Stories from Women's Liberation . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jenniferhalllee.com/|title=Filmmaking|work=Jennifer Hall Lee|accessdate=April 30, 2018}}</ref> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na 2014, e gosipụtara Beal na ihe nkiri akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị She's Beautiful When She's Angry . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/women/|title=The Women|accessdate=2017-04-28|archivedate=2019-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219192734/http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/women}}</ref> == Ihe Nketa == Ọrụ Fran Beal, ọkachasị edemede ya Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female, bụ nke a ghọtara dị ka ntọala maka echiche ụmụ nwanyị ojii na echiche nke intersectionality. Nnyocha ya banyere mmegbu agbụrụ na nke nwoke na nwanyị metụtara ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka [[Audre Lorde]], Bell hooks, na [[Angela Davis]], bụ ndị gbasaa ọrụ ya iji dozie ọdịdị jikọtara ọnụ nke njirimara na mmegbu. Nkatọ Beal banyere njedebe nke ụmụ nwanyị nyere aka mee ka e guzobe Combahee River Collective, nke Combahee Lake Collective Statement kọwakwuru ụzọ ndị na-aga n'ihu na-eme ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Radical Theory and Practice: Gender, Race, and Class {{!}} Socialism & Democracy|url=https://sdonline.org/issue/33/black-radical-theory-and-practice-gender-race-and-class|accessdate=2024-10-30|work=sdonline.org}}</ref> Kimberlé Crenshaw mechara mee ka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dị mfe, mana o kwetara na Beal na ndị ọzọ bụ ndị isi ojii feminist tọrọ ntọala. Nkwado Beal site na TWWA gbasaara mmetụta ya n'ụwa niile, na-ejikọ ngagharịiwe ikike nwanyị nke US na mmegharị nnwere onwe na Global South, na-akwalite ịdị n'otu n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị agba megide ọchịchị alaeze ukwu na mmegbu akụ na ụba, na-ekwupụtakwa ikike ime ime na mmegbu ime ka a ghara ịmịcha nwa. Ọrụ ya ka na-enwe mmetụta n'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ dịka ọmụmụ nwoke na nwanyị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ebe a na-akpọkarị Double Jeopardy na mkparịta ụka gbasara njikọ aka.<ref>{{Cite web|author=chariotjournal|date=2021-01-04|title=A New World: 'Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female' in 'The Black Woman's Manifesto'|url=https://chariotjournal.wordpress.com/2021/01/04/a-new-world-double-jeopardy-to-be-black-and-female-in-the-black-womans-manifesto/#:~:text=Beal's%20'Double%20Jeopardy',%20housed,black%20women's%20and%20women%20of|accessdate=2024-10-30|work=Chariot Journal|language=en}}</ref> Taa, ihe nketa ya na-adịgide site na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị na ime ihe ike nke na-emesi ụzọ dị iche iche maka ikpe ziri ezi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ike. == Edemsibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite book|author=Beal|first=Frances M.|title=Excerpts from the Voices of Feminism Oral History Project: interview with Frances Beal|date=2008|publisher=Duke University Press|url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T002&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=MultiTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=1&docId=GALE%7CA186998743&docType=Interview&sort=RELEVANCE&contentSegment=&prodId=GLS&contentSet=GALE%7CA186998743&searchId=R22&userGroupName=roch82189&inPS=true&authCount=1|accessdate=24 March 2018}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  * [https://twitter.com/frank1558 Twitter onye edemede] * [https://www.facebook.com/fmbeal Facebook] * [https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/18/archives/to-be-black-and-female-black.html Oge NY] * [http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ Mmụọ Okporo ámá] * "Interview with the legendary Frances M. Beal, a pioneer of the Black Women's Liberation", Hot Indie NEws, March 31, 2009 * [http://historyfeminism.wordpress.com/2008/09/19/new-article-in-history-of-feminism-interview-with-frances-beal-regarding-her-oral-history-project/ Ajụjụ ọnụ Frances Beal] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdPcDPluL6U Ihe nkiri e wepụtara na YouTube] {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Beal, Frances M.}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t11kelaaadgyygv48xysjzs8e7fyz1p 632384 632383 2026-05-09T11:42:02Z Chinemeremprince 13026 632384 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Frances M. Beal''', onye a makwaara dị ka '''Fran Beal''', (amụrụ na Jenụwarị 13, 1940, na Binghamton, New York) bụ onye Black feminist na onye [[Pọlitiks|ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]] udo na ikpe ziri ezi.<ref name="accessmylibrary1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-186998743/excerpts-voices-feminism-oral.html|title=Cengage Learning|publisher=Accessmylibrary.com|accessdate=2015-10-16}}</ref> O lekwasịrị anya na ikike ụmụ nwanyị, ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ, ọrụ mgbochi agha na udo, yana ịdị n'otu mba ụwa. Beal bụ onye guzobere SNCC Black Women's Liberation Committee, nke mechara ghọọ Third World Women's Alliance . <ref name=":2" /> A maara ya nke ọma maka mbipụta ya, "Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female", nke na-akọwa njikọ nke mmegbu n'etiti agbụrụ, ọkwa, na okike. Beal bi na Oakland, California ugbu a.<ref name="accessmylibrary1" /> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Beal na Binghamton, NY, nwa Charlotte Berman Yates na Ernest Yates. A mụrụ nne Beal, Charlotte Berman Yates, na United States n'ezinụlọ ndị Russia na ndị Juu si mba ọzọ gbapụrụ Russia mgbe ha nupụchara isi megide Czar Russia na-emegide ndị Juu.<ref name=":9" /> Nna Beal, Ernest Yates, bụ onye America ojii nke sitere na mba Amerịka, onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Syracuse na nzere injinia obodo. Mgbe ọ laghachiri Binghamton, nna Beal nwetara nkewa na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, enweghị ike inweta ọrụ metụtara injinia ma mechaa bụrụ onye ọkwọ ụgbọala gwongworo ruo ndụ ya niile.<ref name=":9" /> Beal kọwara ịzụlite ya dị ka ihe siri ike, mana ọ kwetara mmetụta ya n'ịkpụzi echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Dị ka nwatakịrị, ọ kwurịtara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndị mụrụ ya na mkpa ọ dị ịbụ onye. N'ajụjụ ọnụ ọ kwupụtara, sị: "M nwere ike icheta ihere dị ka nwatakịrị. Gịnị mere nne m ji mee nke a?" na-ekwu "ị chọghị ka ndị mụrụ gị dị iche na ndị ọzọ; na ọkwa ọzọ, ị na-amụta banyere ikpe na-ezighị ezi. " <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/|title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women|author=Hartmann|first=Maureen|work=The Street Spirit|date=7 May 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHartmann2015">Hartmann, Maureen (7 May 2015). [http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ "Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women"]. ''The Street Spirit''.</cite></ref> Nne ya kụziiri ya na o nwere ọrụ onwe onye na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iji chee ihu na enweghị nhata nke ya na ndị ọzọ na-emetụta. Na Binghamton, nne Beal kwadoro òtù ọmụmụ Marxism Leninism, megide ọchịchọ nke ndị na-agbaso omenala, ndị ọcha ka ukwuu n'obodo ahụ.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=1990–2014|title=Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories|url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657 "Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories"]. 1990–2014.</cite></ref> Inweta ihe ọmụma banyere ndị mụrụ ya na-aga n'ihu mere ka o mata ikpe na-ezighị ezi dị n'ụwa. O mechara jiri mmetụta nke ịchụpụ ya mee ihe iji gbalịa ịbụ onye kacha mma n'ihe niile, gbanwee ahụ erughị ala ya ka ọ bụrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, soro ndị mụrụ ya na-eme ihe ike. Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị, ọ kwagara St. Albans, otu agbata obi dị na Queens. Mgbe Beal dị afọ iri na ise, e gburu Emmett Till dị afọ iri anọ - onye si Chicago - na Mississippi. Beal jikọtara ya na Till nke ukwuu na ihe omume a kpaliri ya ịchụso ọrụ ọha na eze.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=1990–2014|title=Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories|url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657 "Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories"]. 1990–2014.</cite></ref> [[Faịlụ:Logo_SNCC.svg|thumb|Ihe ngosi nke Kọmitii Nhazi Ụmụ akwụkwọ na-adịghị eme ihe ike]] N'afọ 1958, Beal gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Andrew Jackson High School wee gaa Mahadum Wisconsin. N'ebe ahụ, ọ na-etinye aka n'ọrụ ikike obodo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=1990–2014|title=Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories|url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657 "Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories"]. 1990–2014.</cite></ref> N'oge ọ nọ n'afọ nke abụọ, Beal gara mba ọzọ na France, ebe ọ na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kọmunist wee lụọ James Beal ma mụọ ụmụ abụọ.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/|title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women|author=Hartmann|first=Maureen|work=The Street Spirit|date=7 May 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHartmann2015">Hartmann, Maureen (7 May 2015). [http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ "Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women"]. ''The Street Spirit''.</cite></ref> Beal na di ya biri na France site na 1959 ruo 1966 ka ọ na-aga Sorbonne. Na Sorbonne, Beal nyochara echiche aka ekpe site na ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ mpaghara na mmekọrịta ya na [[Algeria]] National Liberation Front (FLN). N'afọ 1965, Beal haziri Malcolm X ka ọ gaa Paris ma duzie mkparịta ụka gbasara Pan-Africanism na internationalism.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Frances Beal: A Revolutionary Woman – The College of Arts & Sciences at Texas A&M University|url=https://liberalarts.tamu.edu/blog/2022/03/01/frances-beal-a-revolutionary-woman/|accessdate=2024-11-01|work=liberalarts.tamu.edu}}</ref> Mgbe afọ isii nke alụmdi na nwunye gasịrị, ha laghachiri na Steeti wee malite ịrụ ọrụ na SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee). <ref>{{Cite web|author=Spirit|first=Street|date=2015-05-07|title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women|url=https://thestreetspirit.org/2015/05/06/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/|accessdate=2024-10-28|work=Street Spirit|language=en-US}}</ref> Beal matara ọgụ iji kwụsị ọchịchị ndị Algeria mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mba ofesi na Mahadum Sorbonne, nke kpaliri ya ịmara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmasị na ikpe ziri ezi.<ref name=":2" /> == Nhazi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == N'afọ 1958, Beal malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Wisconsin NAACP, dị ka osote onye isi ala, ebe ọ gbagara n'ihe mgbochi ndị na-achọghị mgbanwe nke mere ka ọ ghara ịhapụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=22 March 2012|title=Women's History Month 2012: Frances M. Beal|url=https://hulshofschmidt.wordpress.com/2012/03/22/womens-history-month-2012-frances-m-beal/|accessdate=2016-02-24}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye onye nkuzi na-eche echiche sitere na SNCC kpaliri, Beal na ndị ọzọ nọ na Mahadum Wisconsin NAACP mere ngagharị iwe udo n'èzí Woolworth dị nso na kọleji iji gosipụta ịdị n'otu na SNCC Civil Rights Sit-In movement na South. Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'isi ndị okenye nke NAACP, Beal laghachiri azụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=1990–2014|title=Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories|url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657 "Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories"]. 1990–2014.</cite></ref> Beal sonyeghachiri na nhazi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na isonye na SNCC n'oge Civil Rights Movement. N'oge ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, ọrụ SNCC gbanwere gaa na Black Power nke nwoke na-achịkwa. Beal na ndị ọrụ ibe ya nwanyị rụrụ ọrụ ma nye aka na nzukọ ahụ, mana a maghị ha maka ọkwa ndị isi. Ọ bụ ezie na nna ochie nwere mmetụta na nhazi SNCC, agbụrụ ghọrọ isi okwu a na-ekwu maka ya.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Separate Roads to Feminism: Black, Chicana, and White feminist movements in America's second wave|author=Roth|first=Benita|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-521-52972-3|location=New York, NY|url=https://archive.org/details/separateroadstof00roth}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye nwere nchegbu banyere ikike ụmụ nwanyị, Beal sonyeere Women's Movement. N'ihi ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị dị ala n'ime òtù ndị ikom na-achịkwa dị ka SNCC, ọ kwadoro Kọmitii Nnwere Onwe Black Women nke SNCC na 1968, n'akụkụ Mae Jackson na Gwendolyn Patton. Beal gosipụtara mkpesa ya na ihe nkiri She's Beautiful When She's Angry, na-ekwu, "Anọ m na Kọmitii Nhazi Ndị Mmụta Na-anaghị Eme Ihe Ike. Ị na-ekwu maka nnwere onwe na nnwere onwe ọkara abalị n'akụkụ agbụrụ, mgbe ahụ na mberede, ụmụ nwoke ga-atụgharị ma malite ikwu maka itinye gị n'ọnọdụ gị. Ya mere, na 1968, anyị hiwere Kọmitii Nnwere Onwe Ụmụ Nwanyị Ojii nke SNCC iji leba anya n'ụfọdụ n'ime okwu ndị a. "<ref name=":3" /> Kọmitii Nnwere Onwe Ụmụ nwanyị ojii nke SNCC gbanwere n'ime ma mesịa ghọọ Third World Women's Alliance na 1969 site na nnabata ụmụ nwanyị Puerto Rican n'ime nzukọ ahụ. <ref name=":3" />{{Cite web|url=http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film/|title=The Film — She's Beautiful When She's Angry|publisher=Shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com|accessdate=2017-04-28|archivedate=2019-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811001945/http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190811001945/http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film "The Film — She's Beautiful When She's Angry"]. Shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com. Archived from [http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film/ the original] on 2019-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=The movements of the New Left, 1950–1975 : a brief history with documents|author=Gosse|first=Van|publisher=Bedford/St. Martin's|year=2005|isbn=978-1403968043|location=Boston|pages=131–133}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|date=2021-07-22|title=At the Intersection of Race, Gender, and Class: Honoring the Revolutionary Feminist Legacy of the Third World Women's Alliance|url=https://www.blackwomenradicals.com/blog-feed/at-the-intersections-of-race-gender-and-class-honoring-the-revolutionary-feminist-legacy-of-the-third-world-womens-alliance|accessdate=2024-11-01|work=Black Women Radicals|language=en-US}}</ref> TWWA bụ òtù dị na NYC nke na-agba mbọ inyere ụmụ nwanyị na obodo ndị a na-achụpụ n'ụwa niile aka n'ọgụ maka ikpe ziri ezi. Nzukọ ahụ wuru usoro Marxist na Nationalist.<ref name=":11" /> TWWA na-etinye ọnọdụ dị mkpa nke [[Intersectionality|ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị intersectionality]], na-ekweta mmegbu sitere na ihu agbụrụ, ọkwa, okike, akụrụngwa, imperialism, na ikike.<ref name=":11" /> Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na SNCC, Beal na ndị ọrụ ibe ya malitere ichegbu onwe ha banyere nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị, ọkachasị mwakpo megide ikpe ziri ezi nke ọmụmụ nwanyị ojii site na ịmanye ha ka ha ghara ịmụ nwa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/|title=Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women|author=Hartmann|first=Maureen|work=The Street Spirit|date=7 May 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHartmann2015">Hartmann, Maureen (7 May 2015). [http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ "Frances Beal: A Voice for Peace, Racial Justice and the Rights of Women"]. ''The Street Spirit''.</cite></ref> Maka Beal, ikpe ziri ezi nke ịmụ nwa bụ nke onwe onye dịka enyi Beal si n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nwụrụ site na ite ime n'azụ okporo ámá.<ref name=":10" /> Ọ na-etinye aka na CESA, Kọmitii na-akwụsị mmetọ.<ref name=":7" /> Òtù a lụrụ ọgụ iji nyere ụmụ nwanyị na-adịghị mma aka bụ ndị a na-elekwasị anya n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi ma manye ha ka ha ghara ịmụ nwa n'amaghị ama nweta ikpe ziri ezi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cwluherstory.org/health/sterlization-abuse-a-task-for-the-womens-movement|title=Sterlization Abuse: A Task for the Women's Movement|work=CWLU Herstory project|date=30 August 2016|accessdate=May 1, 2018}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị SNCC, Beal gara mba ahụ ma rụọ ọrụ iji hazie ma nye ụmụ nwanyị ojii ike site na itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na National Council of Negro Women na ọrụ ya site na Project Woman Power. Beal bipụtakwara akwụkwọ akụkọ National Council of Negro Women: The Black Woman . <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=1990–2014|title=Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories|url=https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/657 "Voices of Feminism Oral History Project oral histories"]. 1990–2014.</cite></ref> N'afọ 1969, Beal dere edemede nke kwuru maka mmekọrịta dị mgbagwoju anya ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-eche ihu na ọgụ ha na-alụ, nke a na-akpọ "Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female". N'ime edemede a, Beal na-akatọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ikike ọmụmụ, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọha na eze, ka ọ na-ekweta ọnọdụ pụrụ iche Black Women nọ na ya, n'ime ọha mmadụ. Akwụkwọ a ghọrọ nguzo SNCC n'ebe ụmụ nwanyị nọ.<ref name=":6" /> Mbipụta a bụ akụkụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nhazi ụmụ nwanyị ojii, ebe ọrụ ya "na-ejikọta na edemede ndị ọzọ na-enyocha njikọ agbụrụ na okike na ndụ ụmụ nwanyị ojii. "<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=The Black power Movement: Rethinking the civil rights-Black power era|author=Joseph|first=Peniel|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|isbn=978-0415945950|location=New York, NY|pages=316}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJoseph2006">Joseph, Peniel (2006). ''The Black power Movement: Rethinking the civil rights-Black power era''. New York, NY: Routledge. p.&nbsp;316. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0415945950|<bdi>978-0415945950</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Ọ bụkwa onye otu National Anti-Racist Organizing Committee, nke lekwasịrị anya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ma na-elekwasị anya na nhazi mba.<ref name=":5" /> Site na nhazi ya, Beal zutere ọtụtụ ọchịchị mmegbu nke gụnyere mmekọrịta ike dị mgbagwoju anya nke mere ka ụmụ nwanyị ojii ghara inwe ikike ma napụ ha ikike. Nhazi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya chọrọ idozi enweghị nha anya n'usoro ma nye ndị otu a na-emegbu ikike. == Ọrụ odeakụkọ == Ewezuga itinye aka na òtù, Beal nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye edemede na onye nchịkọta akụkọ. Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke The Black Scholar ma kọọ maka San Francisco Bay View. Beal bụkwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ TWWA, Triple Jeopardy, The Black Woman's Voice for the National Council of Negro Women, na onye nchịkọta akụkọ na-enye aka na Line of March, Marxist-Leninist Theoretical Journal . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film/|title=The Film — She's Beautiful When She's Angry|publisher=Shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com|accessdate=2017-04-28|archivedate=2019-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811001945/http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190811001945/http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film "The Film — She's Beautiful When She's Angry"]. Shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com. Archived from [http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/the-film/ the original] on 2019-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-28</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|date=April 2015|title=The Best of the Black Scholar: The Black Women|journal=The Black Scholar|volume=12|issue=6|pages=79–80|doi=10.1080/00064246.1981.11414224}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">"The Best of the Black Scholar: The Black Women". ''The Black Scholar''. '''12''' (6): <span class="nowrap">79–</span>80. April 2015. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00064246.1981.11414224|10.1080/00064246.1981.11414224]].</cite></ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == Beal dere edemede akpọrọ "Slave of A Slave No More: Black Women in Struggle", nke e bipụtara na 1975 ma pụta na mbipụta nke isii nke The Black Scholar . <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|author=Beal|first=Frances|date=March 1975|title=Slave of A Slave No More: Black Women in Struggle|journal=The Black Scholar|volume=6|issue=6|pages=2–10|doi=10.1080/00064246.1975.11431488}}</ref> Edemede a kwuru maka echiche ndị isi ojii nke ndị ikom ojii nke bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị n'oge ikike obodo. O kwuru na a na-emegbu ụmụ nwanyị ojii na mmegbu ọzọ n'ihi na ụmụnne ha ndị ojii na-agbaso echiche ndị metụtara nwoke na nwanyị n'ihe kwesịrị ịbụ ọgụ ọnụ maka ikpe ziri ezi ọha mmadụ.<ref name=":8" /> N'afọ 1969, o bipụtara "Black Women's Manifesto; Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female". Ọ na-akọwa ọdịdị nke mmegbu pụrụ iche nke ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America n'ime iwu ndị na-akpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị na ndị na-ahụ maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ma na-enye iwu maka ụlọ ọrụ ụmụ ''Nwanyị Ojii''. E mechara degharịa mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ wee bipụta ya na The Black Woman, akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Toni Cade Bambara dezigharịrị na 1970. Otu mbipụta e degharịrị nke "Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female" pụtakwara na 1970 anthology Sisterhood is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings From The Women's Liberation Movement, nke Robin Morgan dezigharịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/196.html|title=Frances M. Beal, Black Women's Manifesto; Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female|publisher=Hartford-hwp.com|accessdate=2015-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Sisterhood is powerful : an anthology of writings from the women's liberation movement (Book, 1970)|publisher=[WorldCat.org]|oclc=96157}}</ref> E gosipụtara ya na The Black Scholar na 1975. <ref name=":6">{{Cite news|author=Wallace|first=Michele|date=March 18, 1979|title=To Be Black and Female|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/18/archives/to-be-black-and-female-black.html|accessdate=April 30, 2018|work=New York Times}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWallace1979">Wallace, Michele (March 18, 1979). [https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/18/archives/to-be-black-and-female-black.html "To Be Black and Female"]. ''New York Times''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Na 2002, Beal dere otu akụkọ akpọrọ "Ihe nketa Frederick Douglass maka Oge Anyị", nke o ji kpọọ aha mkpochapụ nke ọgụ ndị ọchịchị alaeze ukwu nke a na-eleghara anya n'ụbọchị nnwere onwe ma jiri aka Frederick Douglass chetara ndị mmadụ "Nnwere onwe bụ ọgụ mgbe niile."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/408.html|title=Frederick Douglass' Legacy for Our Times|author=Beal|first=Frances|date=July 9, 2002|accessdate=April 29, 2018}}</ref> E gosipụtara Beal na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke afọ 2013 Feminist: Stories from Women's Liberation . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jenniferhalllee.com/|title=Filmmaking|work=Jennifer Hall Lee|accessdate=April 30, 2018}}</ref> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na 2014, e gosipụtara Beal na ihe nkiri akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ nwanyị She's Beautiful When She's Angry . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/women/|title=The Women|accessdate=2017-04-28|archivedate=2019-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219192734/http://www.shesbeautifulwhenshesangry.com/women}}</ref> == Ihe Nketa == Ọrụ Fran Beal, ọkachasị edemede ya Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female, bụ nke a ghọtara dị ka ntọala maka echiche ụmụ nwanyị ojii na echiche nke intersectionality. Nnyocha ya banyere mmegbu agbụrụ na nke nwoke na nwanyị metụtara ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka [[Audre Lorde]], Bell hooks, na [[Angela Davis]], bụ ndị gbasaa ọrụ ya iji dozie ọdịdị jikọtara ọnụ nke njirimara na mmegbu. Nkatọ Beal banyere njedebe nke ụmụ nwanyị nyere aka mee ka e guzobe Combahee River Collective, nke Combahee Lake Collective Statement kọwakwuru ụzọ ndị na-aga n'ihu na-eme ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Radical Theory and Practice: Gender, Race, and Class {{!}} Socialism & Democracy|url=https://sdonline.org/issue/33/black-radical-theory-and-practice-gender-race-and-class|accessdate=2024-10-30|work=sdonline.org}}</ref> Kimberlé Crenshaw mechara mee ka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dị mfe, mana o kwetara na Beal na ndị ọzọ bụ ndị isi ojii feminist tọrọ ntọala. Nkwado Beal site na TWWA gbasaara mmetụta ya n'ụwa niile, na-ejikọ ngagharịiwe ikike nwanyị nke US na mmegharị nnwere onwe na Global South, na-akwalite ịdị n'otu n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị agba megide ọchịchị alaeze ukwu na mmegbu akụ na ụba, na-ekwupụtakwa ikike ime ime na mmegbu ime ka a ghara ịmịcha nwa. Ọrụ ya ka na-enwe mmetụta n'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ dịka ọmụmụ nwoke na nwanyị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ebe a na-akpọkarị Double Jeopardy na mkparịta ụka gbasara njikọ aka.<ref>{{Cite web|author=chariotjournal|date=2021-01-04|title=A New World: 'Double Jeopardy: To Be Black and Female' in 'The Black Woman's Manifesto'|url=https://chariotjournal.wordpress.com/2021/01/04/a-new-world-double-jeopardy-to-be-black-and-female-in-the-black-womans-manifesto/#:~:text=Beal's%20'Double%20Jeopardy',%20housed,black%20women's%20and%20women%20of|accessdate=2024-10-30|work=Chariot Journal|language=en}}</ref> Taa, ihe nketa ya na-adịgide site na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị na ime ihe ike nke na-emesi ụzọ dị iche iche maka ikpe ziri ezi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ike. == Edemsibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * {{Cite book|author=Beal|first=Frances M.|title=Excerpts from the Voices of Feminism Oral History Project: interview with Frances Beal|date=2008|publisher=Duke University Press|url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T002&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchResultsType=MultiTab&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=1&docId=GALE%7CA186998743&docType=Interview&sort=RELEVANCE&contentSegment=&prodId=GLS&contentSet=GALE%7CA186998743&searchId=R22&userGroupName=roch82189&inPS=true&authCount=1|accessdate=24 March 2018}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>  * [https://twitter.com/frank1558 Twitter onye edemede] * [https://www.facebook.com/fmbeal Facebook] * [https://www.nytimes.com/1979/03/18/archives/to-be-black-and-female-black.html Oge NY] * [http://www.thestreetspirit.org/frances-beal-a-voice-for-peace-racial-justice-and-the-rights-of-women/ Mmụọ Okporo ámá] * "Interview with the legendary Frances M. Beal, a pioneer of the Black Women's Liberation", Hot Indie NEws, March 31, 2009 * [http://historyfeminism.wordpress.com/2008/09/19/new-article-in-history-of-feminism-interview-with-frances-beal-regarding-her-oral-history-project/ Ajụjụ ọnụ Frances Beal] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdPcDPluL6U Ihe nkiri e wepụtara na YouTube] {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Beal, Frances M.}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] s2p4znvrew138my5vxc7eg0juik56sb 0 75052 632381 631400 2026-05-09T10:50:56Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 632381 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''David Njoku''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-David Njoku.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ ma kpọọ '''Ndave David Njoku''' ) bụ onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri na Naịjirịa, onye njikwa mmepụta ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ [[Nollywood]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://talks.friendite.com/meet-ndave-david-njoku-nollywood-filmmaker/|title=friendite talks with Ndave David|accessdate=2016-06-30|archivedate=2016-08-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827011445/https://talks.friendite.com/meet-ndave-david-njoku-nollywood-filmmaker/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ndavedavid.com/ndave/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2016-07-07|archivedate=2016-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922184404/http://ndavedavid.com/ndave/}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == Ndave si obodo Ukelefi dị na okpuru ọchịchị gọọmentị obodo nke [[Nkanu East]] nke [[Ȯra Enugu|Enugu steeti]] mana a mụrụ ya ma zụlite ya na Abraka, [[Ȯra Delta|Delta steeti]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] . Ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ sitere n'ezinụlọ nwere ụmụ asaa ma o tolitere n'enweghị nna n'ihi ọnwụ nna ya mgbe ọ dị naanị afọ iri na anọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gossip.friendite.com/nollywood-filmmaker-ndave-david-njoku-concludes-a-new-movie/|title=Nollywood Filmmaker, NDave David Njoku concludes a new movie ...|accessdate=2016-06-30|archivedate=2016-08-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827011548/https://gossip.friendite.com/nollywood-filmmaker-ndave-david-njoku-concludes-a-new-movie/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ndavedavid.com/ndave/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2016-07-07|archivedate=2016-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922184404/http://ndavedavid.com/ndave/}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Ndave gụrụ akwụkwọ Praịmarị na Sekọndrị ya na Abraka . Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ mnweta nzere bachelọ ya na [[Mahadum Delta State]] (DELSU) n'aha ịchafụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/|title=talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/|accessdate=2016-06-30|archivedate=2016-09-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910050940/http://talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/}}</ref> == Ndụ nkeonwe == Ndave mere ngosipụta mbụ ya n'afọ 2004 n'okpuru nlekọta nke Maazị Perfect, onye katọrọ ya ma gwa ya na ọ nweghị ọdịnihu n'ihe nkiri ahụ. N'echi ya, ọ laghachiri n'ebe a na-eme ngosipụta a wee wepụta otu ihe n'akwụkwọ ha. O jiri edemede ahụ gbanwee akụkọ dị n'isi ya wee dee edemede peeji anọ. O buru edemede ahụ gaa Chọọchị Katọlik nke St. Paul, [[Mahadum Delta State]] wee gaa njem ya na ndị otu ihe nkiri. Site n'ebe ahụ ka ndị mmadụ malitere ịgba ya ume ka ọ o tinye anya n' ihe nkiri. Ihe omume ntụrụndụ ya bụ ime nnyocha na igwu egwuregwu. Ndị nduzi kacha amasị Ndave bụ Maazị Ifeanyi Ikenyi (Maazị Hollywood) na Maazị Chris Nkem Okafor nke a makwaara dịka ChrisNX. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri mba ofesi kacha amasị ya bụ Steven Spielberg . Ọ rụkwara ọrụ ya na Queen [[Collete Nwadike]] nke bụ Exquisite Face of Universe. == Ọrụ == Ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ ''Smack Down'', ebe o so ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dịka [[Van Vicker]], [[Chiwetalu Agu]] na [[Uche Jombo]] rụkọọ ọrụ. O mechara mepụta obere ihe nkiri akpọrọ ''The War Lord'' na 2008, Ndave dere, soro duziri ma bụrụkwa onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri dịka Oshilim Gabriel na Oshilim Anthony, ihe nkiri bụ ''Wicked Conscience'', nke [[Chiwetalu Agu]], John Paul, [[Uche Elendu]], na Emmanuel Ahummadu nke a makwaara dịka Labista gosipụtara. Ihe nkiri ahụ enweghị ezigbo ihe ọ pụtara, o wee banye ezumike afọ anọ.N'afọ 2012, Ndave malitere ọrụ ya n'isi dịka onye njikwa ebe ọrụ na [[Óká|Awka]], [[Anambra Steeti|steeti Anambra]] . Mgbe otu afọ gachara, ọ jikọtara ma na-arụ dịka onye njikwa ebe ọrụ na onye njikwa mmepụta ihe. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ banyere na mmepụta ihe nkiri wee mee ihe nkiri ndị a: ** ''Broken Bottle'' ** ''JohnPaul and Rebecca'' ** ''Little Calabash'' ** ''Plantain girl'' ** ''Ghetto Packaging'' ** ''Oh Blood Money'' ** ''Sorrows of Nene'' ** ''Tears of Nene<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://frienditegossip.com/nollywood-filmmaker-ndave-david-njoku-concludes-a-new-movie/|title=Nollywood Filmmaker, NDave David Njoku concludes a new movie &#124; FriendITEgossip|access-date=2016-07-06|archive-date=2016-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918052209/http://frienditegossip.com/nollywood-filmmaker-ndave-david-njoku-concludes-a-new-movie/|url-status=dead|accessdate=2026-04-29|archivedate=2016-09-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918052209/http://frienditegossip.com/nollywood-filmmaker-ndave-david-njoku-concludes-a-new-movie/}}</ref>'' N'afọ 2015, Ndave David Njoku so mepụta ihe nkiri sinima mbụ a ma ama pụtara ihe na mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ, bụ ''The Last Kidnap'' . Kas-Vid International mepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ, ma Ifeanyi Ikpeonyi, nke a makwaara dịka Maazị Hollywood, duziri ya.N'afọ a, 2016 nyere Ndave ohere ịse ihe nkiri sinima mbụ ya nke akpọrọ ''The Inhaler'' site na CD Initiative Films. O sokwa mepụta ihe nkiri ọzọ, bụ ''Polygamous Family'' nke [[Pete Edochie]], Remi Ohajianya, na Imet Goodluck, nke a makwaara dịka Tallest man, mere. OG Best International bụ ya mepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ.Emechara ihe nkiri ọhụrụ nke [[Nkem Owoh]], Tana Adelena Egbo, na ndị ọzọ mere maka Amaco Investment, ma ọ ka mechara ọrụ ihe nkiri maka Dekross Productions, Ya na [[Kingsley Onyenma]] .a rụkọkwala ọrụ <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">ihe achọrọ n'akara</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Ọ rụọla ọrụ ya na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dị iche iche, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ụmụ nwanyị, ndị nlereanya na ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://talks.friendite.com/meet-ndave-david-njoku-nollywood-filmmaker/|title=MEET NDAVE DAVID NJOKU, NOLLYWOOD FILMMAKER ...Nollywood Filmmaker, NDave David Njoku concludes a new movie ...|accessdate=2016-06-30|archivedate=2016-08-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827011445/https://talks.friendite.com/meet-ndave-david-njoku-nollywood-filmmaker/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/|title=永旺快投网-优惠大厅|accessdate=2016-06-30|archivedate=2016-09-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910050940/http://talksfriendite.com/tag/ndave-david-njoku/}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.ndavedavid.com/ Ndave David Njoku] webụsaịtị gọọmentị. * [https://www.facebook.com/ndaved/ Ndave David Njoku] na Facebook * [https://twitter.com/ndavedavid/ Ndave David Njoku] na Twitter * [https://instagram.com/ndavedavid/ Ndave David Njoku] na Instagramu [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Ndị mmepụta ihe nkiri na Naịjirịa]] 0r0bjnpvk9h4c0ihtqlpskqgg0h1bpz 0 75116 632321 631753 2026-05-08T16:49:47Z Ngozi scholar Okafor 19819 I edited 632321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eleanor Frances Blakiston''' (1819 - August 1, 1879) bụ onye Britain na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ. A mụrụ Eleanor Blakiston na 1819 na Mobberley Ụlọ nzukọ na Cheshire. Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị mbụ nke Jane Wright na [[John Blakiston (British Army officer)|John Blakiston]], nwa nwóké nke abụọ nke Sir Matthew Blakiston. O bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ịhụnanya atọ n’afọ 1860s. Ọ nwụrụ na 1 Ọgọst 1879 na… Knutsford . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Boase|first=Frederic|url=http://archive.org/details/modernenglishbio0004boas|title=Modern English biography : containing many thousand concise memoirs of persons who have died between the years 1851-1900, with an index of the most interesting matter|date=1965|publisher=London : F. Cass|others=Internet Archive|pages=424}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Author: Eleanor Frances Blakiston|url=https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=101|accessdate=2026-04-06|work=www.victorianresearch.org}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ<ref name=":0" /> == * ''Nnukwu Njide: ma ọ bụ, Nnukwu Egwuregwu''. Mpịakọta 2. London: Saunders na Otley, 1861.<ref name=":0" /> * ''Obi bụ opi''. Mpịakọta 2. London: Saunders na Otley, 1862. * ''Mee nke ọma ma ghara inwe obi abụọ: Akwụkwọ akụkọ''. Mpịakọta 3. London: T. C. Newby, 1867.<ref name=":0" /> == <ref name=":0" />Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} 9k884mld7mqtcj2cxqgz8cr49u5xdxa 632322 632321 2026-05-08T16:52:36Z Ngozi scholar Okafor 19819 Removed repeated reference 632322 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eleanor Frances Blakiston''' (1819 - August 1, 1879) bụ onye Britain na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ. A mụrụ Eleanor Blakiston na 1819 na Mobberley Ụlọ nzukọ na Cheshire. Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị mbụ nke Jane Wright na [[John Blakiston (British Army officer)|John Blakiston]], nwa nwóké nke abụọ nke Sir Matthew Blakiston. O bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ịhụnanya atọ n’afọ 1860s. Ọ nwụrụ na 1 Ọgọst 1879 na… Knutsford . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Boase|first=Frederic|url=http://archive.org/details/modernenglishbio0004boas|title=Modern English biography : containing many thousand concise memoirs of persons who have died between the years 1851-1900, with an index of the most interesting matter|date=1965|publisher=London : F. Cass|others=Internet Archive|pages=424}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Author: Eleanor Frances Blakiston|url=https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=101|accessdate=2026-04-06|work=www.victorianresearch.org}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ<ref name=":0" /> == * ''Nnukwu Njide: ma ọ bụ, Nnukwu Egwuregwu''. Mpịakọta 2. London: Saunders na Otley, 1861.<ref name=":0" /> * ''Obi bụ opi''. Mpịakọta 2. London: Saunders na Otley, 1862. * ''Mee nke ọma ma ghara inwe obi abụọ: Akwụkwọ akụkọ''. Mpịakọta 3. London: T. C. Newby, 1867. == <ref name=":0" />Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} ltupmfnanwiwda4mapcz1bjioizsvr9 0 75313 632313 2026-05-08T12:25:07Z Ceentia 24734 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352263367|Contagious disease]]" 632313 wikitext text/x-wiki Ọrịa na-efe efe bụ ọrịa nje, nke nwere ike ịgbasa ngwa ngwa n'ụzọ dị iche iche, gụnyere ịkpọtụrụ ozugbo ma ọ bụ site na ịkpọtụrụ na-adịghị ozugbo. A na-akpata ọrịa ndị a site n'ọrganizim dị ka parasites, nje bacteria, nje fungi, na nje virus. Ọtụtụ ụdị organizim na-ebi na ahụ mmadụ ma ha nwere ike ikpata ọrịa n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ. Ụfọdụ ọrịa nsị ndị a maara nke ọma bụ ndị na-efe efe bụ influenza, COVID-19, ebola, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, ọrịa nje papillomavirus mmadụ, polio, na nje Zika. Ọrịa na-abụkarị nke a maara na ọ na-ebute ọrịa tupu sayensị ọgwụ gụchaa onye na-ebute ya. Akwụkwọ Koch banyere ọrịa, nke e bipụtara na ngwụsị narị afọ nke 19, bụ ụkpụrụ maka afọ 100 na-esote ma ọ bụ karịa, ọkachasị na ọrịa ndị nje bacteria na-ebute. Njikọ ọrịa nje microscopic na-agbalị ịkọwapụta ọrịa ndị nje virus na-ebute. == Ihe akụkọ ihe mere eme pụtara == Na mbụ, okwu ahụ na-ezo aka na ''ọrịa na-efe efe'' ma ọ bụ ọrịa a na-ebute naanị site na mmetụ aka. N'oge a, a gbasaa okwu ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ iji gụnye ọrịa ọ bụla na-efe efe ma ọ bụ na-efefe. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a pụrụ ịghọta okwu ahụ naanị n'ihe gbara ya gburugburu, ebe a na-eji ya eme ihe iji mesie ike ọrịa na-efe efe, nke na-efefe ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụ karịsịa ọrịa na-ebute ọrịa. == Mmetụta na mmeghachi omume ahụike ọha na eze == Ọtụtụ ọrịa mgbasa bụ n'ihi ọrịa na-efe efe, na oge ụfọdụ enwere ụfọdụ nkwụsị, dịka ọrịa ọbara ọbara. Ọrịa ndị na-efeghị efe na-agbanwe obere ma ọ bụ enweghị mgbanwe ọ bụla site na ịkpọpụ ndị na arịa ọrịa ahụ, ma ọ bụ ịkpagide ndị ahụ metụtara ya. Ya mere, a na-akọwa "ọrịa na-efe efe" n'ozuzu ya dịka ọrịa ebe ịkpọpụ ma ọ bụ ịkpagide bụ ụzọ dị irè maka ahụike ọha na eze. Ụfọdụ ebe dị mma maka nchọpụta banyere ọrịa ndị ahụ, na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'ihi obere ize ndụ ga ebeleta ya bu ọrịa ife ọtụtụ mmadụ, maọbu kwa ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mbugharị bụ nke a na-eji tụọ otú ọrịa si gbasaa ngwa ngwa site na mmetụ aka na ndị ọrịa. Nchekwa mgbali ụlọ ọjọọ bụ usoro eji eme ihe n'ụlọ ọgwụ dabere na atụmatụ ikuku ndụ. == Hụkwa == * Echiche nje nke ọrịa * Mgbochi ìgwè atụrụ * Ọrịa a na-ahụ anya == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}} tn779g4k0c2yu0g18kv9lbq74ryifwi 0 75314 632318 2026-05-08T16:32:48Z Ceentia 24734 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1314526590|Human-to-human transmission]]" 632318 wikitext text/x-wiki Ebufe site n'etiti mmadụ na mmadụ bụ ụzọ mgbasa ọrịa na ọmụmụ ọrịa na-agụ, (HHT) bụ ihe atụ epidemiologic, ọkachasị n'ọnọdụ ebe ọrịa ahụ sitere n'aka ndị mmadụ a maara dị ka ndị na-ebute ọrịa n'ọtụtụ. Na ọnọdụ ndị a, nọmba mmepụta nke nje ahụ, nke bụ nkezi ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọzọ mmadụ ga-ebute ọrịa na-enweghị atụmatụ mgbochi ọ bụla, nwere ike iru 203.9. Nnyefe n'etiti mmadụ na mmadụ bụ otu ihe ahụ na HHT. Nzipụ ụwa nke Nzukọ Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) gbasara ọrịa mgbasa na-adabere na eziokwu pụtara ìhè na e nwere mgbasawanye HHT na mpaghara abụọ nke ụwa. == Nkọwa == Nje bakiteria ndị dị mkpa nwere ike ịbụ nje virus, nje bacteria ma ọ bụ fungi, ma enwere ike ịgbasa ha site na iku ume, ikwu okwu, ikwo ụfụfụ, ito, ịgbasa mmiri, ịsa ụlọ mposi ma ọ bụ ọrụ ọ bụla nke na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi ikuku ma ọ bụ droplets ma ọ bụ na-emepụta fomites, dị ka ịzụlite uzuzu. Ịrụ ọrụ nke mbufe na-adabere ọ bụghị naanị n'elu, kama na ụdị pathogen. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, influenza nnụnụ na-adị ndụ na ihe ndị nwere oghere na ndị na-enweghị oghere ruo awa 144.[13] A na-ekesikwa na nje bakiteria site na iji ngwa nri na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nhicha efere ma ọ bụ akwa akwa na-adịghị mma. Ihe na-akpasu anya karị bụ omume ụlọ mposi, nke na-eduga n'usoro ntughari nsị na ọnụ. Ọrịa STI bụ nke a na-agbasasị site na ụzọ a. [citation needed] == Ndepụta nke ọrịa HHT == Ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke ọrịa HHT bụ ndị edepụtara n'okpuru. [a chọrọ ntụaka] * [[Akpata|igurube]]: ọgwụ mgbochi dị * Ọrịa mumps: ọgwụ mgbochi dị * chicken pox: ọgwụ mgbochi dị * obere pox<ref name="welford09" /> * Ihe otiti bubonic: obere ihe ize ndụ na-abụghị efu <ref name="kool05">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1086/428617|title=Risk of Person-to-Person Transmission of Pneumonic Plague|year=2005|author=Kool|first=Jacob L.|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=40|issue=8|pages=1166–1172|pmid=15791518}}</ref> * Ihe otiti oyi na-efe efe: 1910-11 Ihe otiti Manchurian<ref name="welford20">{{Cite web|author=Wilson|first=Mark|title=The untold origin story of the N95 mask|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90479846/the-untold-origin-story-of-the-n95-mask|work=Fast Company|date=24 March 2020}}</ref> * ụkwara nta * Norovirus<ref name="pknob">{{Cite book|author=Kumar Nag|first=Pranab|title=Office Buildings: Health, Safety and Environment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfCBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85|publisher=Springer|date=2018|isbn=978-981-13-2577-9}}</ref><ref name="robilotti15">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1128/CMR.00075-14|title=Norovirus|year=2015|author=Robilotti|first=Elizabeth|journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|volume=28|issue=1|pages=134–164|pmid=25567225}}</ref> * nkụba<ref name="learned05">{{Cite journal|pmid=16103616|year=2005|author=Learned|first=L. A.|title=Extended interhuman transmission of monkeypox in a hospital community in the Republic of the Congo, 2003|journal=The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|volume=73|issue=2|pages=428–34|doi=10.4269/ajtmh.2005.73.428}}</ref> * SARS-CoV-1 * SARS-CoV-2: ọgwụ mgbochi dị * MERS * Ọrịa nnụnụ * Ọrịa a na-ebute site na mmekọahụ (STIs) ma ọ bụ ọrịa a na-efe site na mmekọahụ: ** Syphilis, aka French pox<ref name="welford09">{{Cite journal|author=Welford|first=Mark R.|title=Validation of Inverse Seasonal Peak Mortality in Medieval Plagues, Including the Black Death, in Comparison to Modern Yersinia pestis-Variant Diseases|journal=PLOS ONE|date=22 December 2009|volume=4|issue=12|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0008401|pmid=20027294}}</ref> == Ihe edeturu == {{notelist}} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} === Ebe e si nweta ya === * {{Cite book|chapter=10.1 Introduction; the role of fomites in the virus transmission|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=tRBaAgAAQBAJ&q=fomite&pg=PA208|title=Viruses in Food and Water: Risks, Surveillance and Control|language=en|author=Cook|first=Nigel|location=Cambridge|publisher=Woodhead Publishing|year=2013|pages=205–215|isbn=978-0-85709-887-0}} * {{Cite book|chapter=Understanding the Risk to Healthcare Personnel: Fomite Persistence|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=5hz2R0wjlYUC&pg=PA41|title=Preventing Transmission of Pandemic Influenza and Other Viral Respiratory Diseases: Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Personnel: Update 2010|language=en|author=Larson|first=Elaine L.|location=Washington|publisher=National Academies Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-309-16254-8}} q0r42dkdf4cdzw2wh1h0gqe8q2oa4v5 632319 632318 2026-05-08T16:33:14Z Quinlan83 12227 Fix 632319 wikitext text/x-wiki Ebufe site n'etiti mmadụ na mmadụ bụ ụzọ mgbasa ọrịa na ọmụmụ ọrịa na-agụ, (HHT) bụ ihe atụ epidemiologic, ọkachasị n'ọnọdụ ebe ọrịa ahụ sitere n'aka ndị mmadụ a maara dị ka ndị na-ebute ọrịa n'ọtụtụ. Na ọnọdụ ndị a, nọmba mmepụta nke nje ahụ, nke bụ nkezi ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọzọ mmadụ ga-ebute ọrịa na-enweghị atụmatụ mgbochi ọ bụla, nwere ike iru 203.9. Nnyefe n'etiti mmadụ na mmadụ bụ otu ihe ahụ na HHT. Nzipụ ụwa nke Nzukọ Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) gbasara ọrịa mgbasa na-adabere na eziokwu pụtara ìhè na e nwere mgbasawanye HHT na mpaghara abụọ nke ụwa. == Nkọwa == Nje bakiteria ndị dị mkpa nwere ike ịbụ nje virus, nje bacteria ma ọ bụ fungi, ma enwere ike ịgbasa ha site na iku ume, ikwu okwu, ikwo ụfụfụ, ito, ịgbasa mmiri, ịsa ụlọ mposi ma ọ bụ ọrụ ọ bụla nke na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi ikuku ma ọ bụ droplets ma ọ bụ na-emepụta fomites, dị ka ịzụlite uzuzu. Ịrụ ọrụ nke mbufe na-adabere ọ bụghị naanị n'elu, kama na ụdị pathogen. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, influenza nnụnụ na-adị ndụ na ihe ndị nwere oghere na ndị na-enweghị oghere ruo awa 144.[13] A na-ekesikwa na nje bakiteria site na iji ngwa nri na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nhicha efere ma ọ bụ akwa akwa na-adịghị mma. Ihe na-akpasu anya karị bụ omume ụlọ mposi, nke na-eduga n'usoro ntughari nsị na ọnụ. Ọrịa STI bụ nke a na-agbasasị site na ụzọ a. [citation needed] == Ndepụta nke ọrịa HHT == Ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke ọrịa HHT bụ ndị edepụtara n'okpuru. [a chọrọ ntụaka] * [[Akpata|igurube]]: ọgwụ mgbochi dị * Ọrịa mumps: ọgwụ mgbochi dị * chicken pox: ọgwụ mgbochi dị * obere pox<ref name="welford09" /> * Ihe otiti bubonic: obere ihe ize ndụ na-abụghị efu <ref name="kool05">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1086/428617|title=Risk of Person-to-Person Transmission of Pneumonic Plague|year=2005|author=Kool|first=Jacob L.|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=40|issue=8|pages=1166–1172|pmid=15791518}}</ref> * Ihe otiti oyi na-efe efe: 1910-11 Ihe otiti Manchurian<ref name="welford20">{{Cite web|author=Wilson|first=Mark|title=The untold origin story of the N95 mask|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90479846/the-untold-origin-story-of-the-n95-mask|work=Fast Company|date=24 March 2020}}</ref> * ụkwara nta * Norovirus<ref name="pknob">{{Cite book|author=Kumar Nag|first=Pranab|title=Office Buildings: Health, Safety and Environment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfCBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85|publisher=Springer|date=2018|isbn=978-981-13-2577-9}}</ref><ref name="robilotti15">{{Cite journal|doi=10.1128/CMR.00075-14|title=Norovirus|year=2015|author=Robilotti|first=Elizabeth|journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|volume=28|issue=1|pages=134–164|pmid=25567225}}</ref> * nkụba<ref name="learned05">{{Cite journal|pmid=16103616|year=2005|author=Learned|first=L. A.|title=Extended interhuman transmission of monkeypox in a hospital community in the Republic of the Congo, 2003|journal=The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|volume=73|issue=2|pages=428–34|doi=10.4269/ajtmh.2005.73.428}}</ref> * SARS-CoV-1 * SARS-CoV-2: ọgwụ mgbochi dị * MERS * Ọrịa nnụnụ * Ọrịa a na-ebute site na mmekọahụ (STIs) ma ọ bụ ọrịa a na-efe site na mmekọahụ: ** Syphilis, aka French pox<ref name="welford09">{{Cite journal|author=Welford|first=Mark R.|title=Validation of Inverse Seasonal Peak Mortality in Medieval Plagues, Including the Black Death, in Comparison to Modern Yersinia pestis-Variant Diseases|journal=PLOS ONE|date=22 December 2009|volume=4|issue=12|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0008401|pmid=20027294}}</ref> == Ihe edeturu == {{notelist}} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} === Ebe e si nweta ya === * {{Cite book|chapter=10.1 Introduction; the role of fomites in the virus transmission|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=tRBaAgAAQBAJ&q=fomite&pg=PA208|title=Viruses in Food and Water: Risks, Surveillance and Control|language=en|author=Cook|first=Nigel|location=Cambridge|publisher=Woodhead Publishing|year=2013|pages=205–215|isbn=978-0-85709-887-0}} * {{Cite book|chapter=Understanding the Risk to Healthcare Personnel: Fomite Persistence|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=5hz2R0wjlYUC&pg=PA41|title=Preventing Transmission of Pandemic Influenza and Other Viral Respiratory Diseases: Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Personnel: Update 2010|language=en|author=Larson|first=Elaine L.|location=Washington|publisher=National Academies Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-309-16254-8}} tk74ao2qvbmr6y3jfu6qtnuflhr49ah 0 75315 632323 2026-05-08T16:56:01Z OGA Goody 61205 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351356603|Bacteria]]" 632323 wikitext text/x-wiki Bacteria dị ebe niile, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ihe ndị na-ebi ndụ n'efu na-enwekarị otu mkpụrụ ndụ. Ha mejupụtara nnukwu ngalaba nke nje ntakịrị ndị na-enwe otu mkpụrụ ndụ. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị micromita ole na ole n'ogologo, '''Nje bacteria''' so n'ụdị ndụ ndị mbụ pụtara n'ụwa, ma dịrị n'ọtụtụ [[Habitat|ebe obibi]] ya ndị e nwegasịrị. Bacteria na-ebi na ikuku, ala, mmiri, mmiri ndị na-agbapụta na nkume dị n'ụdị asiid, Ihe mkpofu radioactive, na ebe omimi Biosphere nke ụwa. Bacteria na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ ọkwá nke usoro nkesa nri site na imegharị na ibugharị ihe oriri na nkedo nke nitrogen sitere na ikuku. Usoro mmeghari na mbughari nri gụnyere ire ure nke ozu; nje bacteria na-ahụ maka ọkwa ire ure na usoro a. N'ime obodo ihe ndị dị ndụ dị nke gbara oghere hydrothermal gburugburu nakwa isi mmiri jụrụ oyi, nje bacteria extremophile na-enye ihe oriri dị mkpa iji mee ka ndụ dịgide site na ịgbanwe ihe ndị a gbazere agbaze, dị ka hydrogen sulphide na methane, ka ha nye ike. Bacteria na-ebikwa ndụ inwe mmekọrịta onye rie ibe ya erie, onye rie ibe ya ahapụ nakwa nke orim egbum ha na osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ. A kọwabeghị nke ka n'ọnụ ọgụgụ banyere ọmụmụ nje bacteria, e nwekwara ọtụtụ ụdị ndị a na-apụghị ịzụlite na ụlọ nnyocha. A maara ọmụmụ nke nje bacteria dị ka bacteriology, alaka nke isi ọmụmụ Microbiology. Dị ka ụmụ anụmanụ niile, ụmụ mmadụ bukwa ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu (ihe dị ka 10¹³ ruo 10¹⁴) nke Nje bacteria.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Sender|first=Ron|title=Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body|journal=PLOS Biology|date=19 August 2016|volume=14|issue=8|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533|pmid=27541692}}</ref> Ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị n'ime eriri afọ, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ n' akpụkpọ ahụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime nje bacteria dị n'ime na n'elu ahụ anaghị emerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ bụrụ nke e dowere n'ọnọdụ a site na mmetụta nchebe nke usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, bụrụkwa na ọtụtụ n'ime nke ndị a bara uru, ọkachasị ndị dị na eriri afọ.<ref name="McCutcheon">{{Cite journal|title=The Genomics and Cell Biology of Host-Beneficial Intracellular Infections|journal=Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology|volume=37|issue=1|pages=115–142|date=October 2021|pmid=34242059|doi=10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120219-024122}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ụdị nje bacteria na-akpata ọrịa, ọkachasị ọtụtụ Ọrịa na-efe efe, gụnyere ọgbụgbọ na ọnyụnyụ, sifilis, anthrax, ekpenta, ụkwara nta, tetanus na ọrịa bubonic. Ọrịa nje bacteria ndị kachasị njọ bụ ọrịa iku ume. A na-eji ọgwụ nje agwọ ọrịa nje ma na-ejikwa ha n'ọrụ ugbo, na-eme ka iguzogide ọgwụ nje bụrụ nsogbu na-arịwanye elu. Bacteria dị mkpa na ọgwụgwọ nsị na mgbari nke [[Mmanu mmanu|mwufu mmanụ ike]], mmepụta nke cheese na yogọt site na mgbaze, iweghachite ọlaedo, palladium, ọla kọpa na ọla ndị ọzọ na ngalaba ngwupụta ihe (Biomining, Bioleaching), yana na biotechnology, nakwa na mmepụta ọgwụ nje na kemịkal ndị ọzọ. A na-ewebu ha dị ka [[Osisi|akụmakụ]] ndị mejupụtara klas Schizomycetes ("fission fungi"), mana e kenyere ''nje bacteria'' ugbu a dị ka nje ndị nwere otu mkpụrụ ndụ. N'adịghị ka mkpụrụ ndụ nke ụmụ anụmanụ na nje ndị nwere ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọzọ, mkpụrụ ndụ nje nwere chromosomes dị gburugburu, enweghị nucleus ma na-adịghị enwekarịkwa organelle ndị membrane na-ejikọta. Ọ bụ ezie na okwu a bụ nje bacteria na-agụnye nje niile ndị nwere otu mkpụrụ ndụ, nhazi ga n'ụdị sayensị gbanwere mgbe e mechara nchọpụta nke afọ ndị 1990 na nke ndị nwere otu mkpụrụ ndụ (prokaryotes) nwere òtù ụzọ abụọ dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ sitere na otu nna nna ochie. A na-akpọ ngalaba evolushọn ndị a Bacteria na Archaea. N'adịghị ka Archaea, nje bacteria nwere lipids ejikọrọ ha na ester na membrane nke mkpụrụ ndụ, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Santhosh|first=Poornima Budime|title=Archaeosomes: New Generation of Liposomes Based on Archaeal Lipids for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications|journal=ACS Omega|date=10 January 2023|volume=8|issue=1|pages=1–9|doi=10.1021/acsomega.2c06034|pmid=36643444}}</ref> nweekwa ihe ndị na-eme ka ha gbatịa too ogologo ndị na-eguzogide ADP-ribosylation sitere na nsị diphtheria, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kessel|first=Michael|title=Archaebacterial elongation factor is ADP-ribosylated by diphtheria toxin|journal=Nature|date=September 1980|volume=287|issue=5779|pages=250–251|doi=10.1038/287250a0|pmid=6776409}}</ref> na-eji formylmethionine na mmalite nke mmepụta protin <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Falb|first=Michaela|title=Archaeal N-terminal Protein Maturation Commonly Involves N-terminal Acetylation: A Large-scale Proteomics Survey|journal=Journal of Molecular Biology|date=October 2006|volume=362|issue=5|pages=915–924|doi=10.1016/j.jmb.2006.07.086|pmid=16950390}}</ref> ma nwee ọtụtụ ọdịiche mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, gụnyere 16S rRNA dị iche.<ref name="pmid37129483">{{Cite journal|title=Microbial Diversity Biased Estimation Caused by Intragenomic Heterogeneity and Interspecific Conservation of 16S rRNA Genes|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=89|issue=5|pages=e0210822|date=May 2023|pmid=37129483|doi=10.1128/aem.02108-22|url=}}</ref> == Okwu mmalite == [[Faịlụ:Bacillus_subtilis_2.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|''Bacillus subtilis'' dị ka osisi igwe ]] Okwu a bụ ''nje ''bacterium'''' (/bækˈtɪəriə/ i; sg.: ''nje bacteria'') bụ ụbara nke ụdị Neo-Latin ya bụ bacterium, nke bụ ịsụgharị ya n'asụsụ Roman nke okwu Grik oge ochie bụ βακτήριον (''baktḗrion''), ụdị obere nke βακτηρία (''baktēría''), nke pụtara 'osisi' ma ọ bụ 'mkpara', n'ihi na ndị mbụ a chọpụtara nwere Ọdịdị osisi. == Ihe ọmụma banyere nje Bacteria == Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị nchịkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ puku iri anọ na atọ nke ụdị nje bacteria ndị a gụrụla aha, mana amụbeghị maka ọtụtụ n'ime ha. N'ezie, naanị ụdị nje bacteria iri mejupụtara ọkara nke akwụkwọ niile a na-ebipụta gbasara nje bacteria, ebe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent iri asaa na ise nke nje bacteria niile a kpọrọla aha enweghị nnyocha agụmakwụkwọ ọbula lekwasịrị ha anya.<ref name="Jensen-2025" /> Ụdị a kacha mụọ maka ha, ''Escherichia coli'', nwere ihe karịrị ọmụmụ narị puku atọ e bipụtara na ha, <ref name="Jensen-2025" /> mana ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ mbipụta ndị a nwere ike iji ya naanị dị ka ihe nlere anya imepụta ụdị yiri ya iji mụọ maka ụdị ndị ọzọ, n'enyeghị nghọta ọ bụla banyere ịdị ndụ ya. Pasent iri itoolu nke ihe ọmụmụ sayensị banyere nje bacteria na-elekwasị anya na ihe na-erughị otu pasent nke ụdị nke ndị e nwegasịrị, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụrụ nje bacteria na-akpata ọrịa ndị metụtara ahụike mmadụ.<ref name="Jensen-2025" /><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Callaway|first=Ewen|title=These are the 20 most-studied bacteria — the majority have been ignored|journal=Nature|date=23 January 2025|volume=637|issue=8047|pages=770–771|doi=10.1038/d41586-025-00038-x|pmid=39794431}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na E. coli bụ ma eleghị anya nje bacteria a kacha mụọ maka ya, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ya dị puku anọ ka a na-amụghị nke ọma maka ha ma ọ bụ bụrụ nke a na-amaghị. Ụfọdụ nje bacteria nwere obere genomes (na-erughi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa narị isii, dịka ''Mycoplasma'') na-enwekarị akụkụ dị ukwuu n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ha niile nke e mere ka na-arụ ọrụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe dị mkpa echekwara n'ọtụtụ ụdị ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Médigue|first=Claudine|date=December 2007|title=Annotation, comparison and databases for hundreds of bacterial genomes|journal=Research in Microbiology|volume=158|issue=10|pages=724–736|doi=10.1016/j.resmic.2007.09.009|pmid=18031997}}</ref> == Akụkọ Mmalite na Mmalite evolushọn == [[Faịlụ:Phylogenetic_tree_of_life_LUCA.svg|thumb|Osisi phylogenetic nke Bacteria, Archaea na Eukarya, ya na nna nna ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ (LUCA) na mgbọrọgwụ <ref name="pmid2112744">{{Cite journal|title=Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=87|issue=12|pages=4576–79|date=June 1990|pmid=2112744|doi=10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576}}</ref>]] Ndị nna nna nke nje bacteria bụ microorganism ndị nwere naanị otu mkpụrụ ndụ bụ Ụdị ndụ mbụ pụtara n'ụwa, ihe dị ka ijeri afọ anọ gara aga. Ruo ihe dị ka ijeri afọ atọ, ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị ndụ ha naanị otu a ga-ejinwu igwe microscope hụ ha, ebe nje bacteria na archaea bụ ụdị ndị dị ndụ kachasị n'ọnụ ọgụ. <ref name="pmid31475212">{{Cite journal|title=Human microbial ecology and the rising new medicine|journal=Annals of Translational Medicine|volume=7|issue=14|date=July 2019|pmid=31475212|doi=10.21037/atm.2019.06.56}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Disparate rates, differing fates: tempo and mode of evolution changed from the Precambrian to the Phanerozoic|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=91|issue=15|pages=6735–42|date=July 1994|pmid=8041691|doi=10.1073/pnas.91.15.6735}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Environmental diversity of bacteria and archaea|journal=Systematic Biology|volume=50|issue=4|pages=470–78|date=August 2001|pmid=12116647|doi=10.1080/106351501750435040}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na fossils nke nje bacteria dị, dị ka stromatolites, enweghị ọdịdị kpọmkwem ha gbochiri iji ha mee nnyocha nke akụkọ mmalite nje, ma ọ bụ iji nye deeti nke oge mmalite nke otu ụdị nje bacteria. Otú ọ dị, enwere ike iji usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mee ihe iji wughachi phylogeny nke nje bacteria, ebe ọmụmụ ihe ndị a na-egosi na nje bacteria buru ụzọ kewapụ site na usoro archaeal / eukaryotic.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Archaea and the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition|journal=Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews|volume=61|issue=4|pages=456–502|date=December 1997|doi=10.1128/mmbr.61.4.456-502.1997|pmid=9409149}}</ref> Onye nna ochie kachasị ọhụrụ (MRCA) nke nje bacteria na archaea nwere ike ịbụ hyperthermophile nke biri ihe dị ka ijeri afọ abụọ na ọkara ruo afọ atọ na ụma abụọ gara aga.<ref name="pmid29894297">{{Cite journal|title=Twitch or swim: towards the understanding of prokaryotic motion based on the type IV pilus blueprint|journal=Biological Chemistry|volume=399|issue=7|pages=799–808|date=June 2018|pmid=29894297|doi=10.1515/hsz-2018-0157}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=The universal ancestor and the ancestor of bacteria were hyperthermophiles|journal=Journal of Molecular Evolution|volume=57|issue=6|pages=721–30|date=December 2003|pmid=14745541|doi=10.1007/s00239-003-2522-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=A genomic timescale of prokaryote evolution: insights into the origin of methanogenesis, phototrophy, and the colonization of land|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=4|date=November 2004|pmid=15535883|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-4-44}}</ref> Ndụ mbụ e nwere n'ala nwere ike ịbụ nje bacteria ihe dị ka ijeri afọ atọ na ụma iri abụọ na abụọ gara aga.<ref name="NG-20180723">{{Cite journal|title=Microbial life and biogeochemical cycling on land 3,220 million years ago|date=23 July 2018|journal=[[Nature Geoscience]]|volume=11|issue=9|pages=665–671|doi=10.1038/s41561-018-0190-9|url=https://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01901955/file/Homann%20et%20al.%202018%20-%20accepted-1.pdf}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bacteria sonyekwara na akụkọ oke mgbasa ihe e kere eke nke abụọ, nke archaea na nke ndị nwere ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ (eukaryotes).<ref name="Gabaldón">{{Cite journal|title=Origin and Early Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell|journal=Annual Review of Microbiology|volume=75|issue=1|pages=631–647|date=October 2021|pmid=34343017|doi=10.1146/annurev-micro-090817-062213}}</ref><ref name="Callier">{{Cite journal|title=Mitochondria and the origin of eukaryotes|journal=Knowable Magazine|date=8 June 2022|doi=10.1146/knowable-060822-2}}</ref> N'ebe a, ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ malitere mgbe nje bacteria ochie banyere na mmekọrịta endosymbiotic, ha na ndị nna nna ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ, ndị nke n'onwe ha nwere ike ha metụtara Archaea.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Evaluating hypotheses for the origin of eukaryotes|journal=BioEssays|volume=29|issue=1|pages=74–84|date=January 2007|pmid=17187354|doi=10.1002/bies.20516}}</ref><ref name="Dyall">{{Cite journal|title=Ancient invasions: from endosymbionts to organelles|journal=Science|volume=304|issue=5668|pages=253–257|date=April 2004|pmid=15073369|doi=10.1126/science.1094884}}</ref> Nke a gụnyere nlomi nke sitere na proto-eukaryotic cells nke alphaproteobacterial symbionts iji mepụta mitochondria maọbu hydrogenosomes, nke a ka na-ahụ na Eukarya niile a maara (mgbe ụfọdụ n'ụdịe mere ka ọ dị nta n'ebe ọ dị ukwuu, ọmụmaatu n'ụdị amitochondrial protozoa).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Katiyar|first=Santosh K.|title=Comparisons of ribosomal RNA sequences from amitochondrial protozoa: implications for processing, mRNA binding and paromomycin susceptibility|journal=Gene|date=January 1995|volume=152|issue=1|pages=27–33|doi=10.1016/0378-1119(94)00677-K|pmid=7828924}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tůmová|first=Pavla|title=Inheritance of the reduced mitochondria of Giardia intestinalis is coupled to the flagellar maturation cycle|journal=BMC Biology|date=December 2021|volume=19|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12915-021-01129-7|pmid=34493257}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị, ụfọdụ ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ ndị nwerela mitochondria mitochondria lomiri ihe ndị dị ndụ ndị yiri cyanobacteria, nke wetara mmepụta nke chloroplasts na algae na n'akụmakụ. Nke a ka amaara dịka primary endosymbiosis.<ref name="pmid34018613">{{Cite journal|title=Why is primary endosymbiosis so rare?|journal=The New Phytologist|volume=231|issue=5|pages=1693–1699|date=September 2021|pmid=34018613|doi=10.1111/nph.17478}}</ref> == Ebe obibi == Nje bacteria di ebe niile, na-ebi n'ebe ọbula ohere dị n'elu ụwa gụnyere aja, n'okpuru mmiri, n'ime ime ala, ọbụnadị na gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ahụ dị egwu dị ka mmiri ndị si na nkume agbapụta dị ọkụ ma dịkwa n'ụdị asiid yana n'ebe mkpofu radioactive.<ref name="pmid17331729">{{Cite journal|title=Life in acid: pH homeostasis in acidophiles|journal=Trends in Microbiology|volume=15|issue=4|pages=165–171|date=April 2007|pmid=17331729|doi=10.1016/j.tim.2007.02.005}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBaker-AustinDopson2007">Baker-Austin C, Dopson M (April 2007). "Life in acid: pH homeostasis in acidophiles". ''Trends in Microbiology''. '''15''' (4): <span class="nowrap">165–</span>171. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.tim.2007.02.005|10.1016/j.tim.2007.02.005]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17331729 17331729].</cite></ref><ref name="pmid33114255">{{Cite journal|title=Extremophilic Microorganisms for the Treatment of Toxic Pollutants in the Environment|journal=Molecules|volume=25|issue=21|date=October 2020|pmid=33114255|doi=10.3390/molecules25214916}}</ref> A na-eche na nchịkọta na e nwere 2×10³⁰ nje bacteria n'elu ụwa,<ref name="pmid30760902">{{Cite journal|title=Bacteria and archaea on Earth and their abundance in biofilms|journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology|volume=17|issue=4|pages=247–260|date=April 2019|pmid=30760902|doi=10.1038/s41579-019-0158-9}}</ref> na-aghọ nchịkọta nke ihe ndị dị ndụ nke ọ bú naanị akụmakụ ka ha n'ọnụ ọgụ .<ref name="Bar-On">{{Cite journal|title=The biomass distribution on Earth|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=115|issue=25|pages=6506–6511|date=June 2018|pmid=29784790|doi=10.1073/pnas.1711842115}}</ref> Ha mụbara amụba na mmírí ndị na-adọ adọ nakwa n'osimiri, na arctic ice, yana geothermal springs ebe ha na-enyw nri ndị a chọrọ maka ịdị ndụ site n'igbanwe ihe ndị gbazerela agbaze dịka hydrogen sulphide na methane, ka ha nye ike.<ref name="pmid34203823">{{Cite journal|title=Molecular Physiology of Anaerobic Phototrophic Purple and Green Sulfur Bacteria|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=22|issue=12|date=June 2021|pmid=34203823|doi=10.3390/ijms22126398}}</ref> Ha na-ebi n'elu nakwa n'ime akụmakụ na n'ụmụ anumanu. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha anaghị akpata ọria, bara uru na gburugburu ebe obibi ha, ma bụrụ ndị a chọrọ maka ndụ.<ref name="McCutcheon">{{Cite journal|title=The Genomics and Cell Biology of Host-Beneficial Intracellular Infections|journal=Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology|volume=37|issue=1|pages=115–142|date=October 2021|pmid=34242059|doi=10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120219-024122}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMcCutcheon2021">McCutcheon JP (October 2021). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120219-024122|"The Genomics and Cell Biology of Host-Beneficial Intracellular Infections"]]. ''Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology''. '''37''' (1): <span class="nowrap">115–</span>142. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120219-024122|10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120219-024122]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34242059 34242059].</cite></ref> Ala bụ nnukwu isi iyi nke nje bacteria, ebe gram ole na ole nke aja na-enwe agbata nde kwuru ndè nke njé . Ha niile bátá uru nye ọdịdị ala, na-agbari ihe mkpofu ndị nwere nsi, ma na-enughari ike. A na-ahụ ha ọbụnadị na ikuku, ebe otu kubik mita ikuku nwere ndè otu narị nke mkpụrụ ndụ bacteria. Oke osimiri na iyi hanwa nwe gburugburu ọnụ ọgụgụ nje dị 3 &#xD7; 10²⁶ nke na-eweta ihe ruru pasent iri ise nke ikuku ndụ ndị mmadụ na-eku. Naanị agbata pasent abụọ nke ụdị nje dị iche iche e nwere ka amụrụla nke ọma maka ha. {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto" |+Nje bacteria na-eri ibe ha !Ebe obibi !Ụdị dị iche iche !Ihe odide |- |Okpomọkụ (ma e wezụga 15 °C Antarctica) &nbsp; |Cryptoendoliths |[48] |- |Okpomọkụ (70-121 °C): isi iyi, ikuku Mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ n'okpuru mmiri, mkpo oké osimiri&nbsp;Akpụkpọ ahụ |''Thermus aquaticus'' |<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The search for life on Europa: limiting environmental factors, potential habitats, and Earth analogues|journal=Astrobiology|volume=3|issue=4|pages=785–811|date=December 2003|pmid=14987483|doi=10.1089/153110703322736105}}</ref>[47]<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Temperature limits to deep subseafloor life in the Nankai Trough subduction zone|journal=Science|volume=370|issue=6521|pages=1230–1234|date=December 2020|pmid=33273103|doi=10.1126/science.abd7934|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5b65v425}}</ref> |- |Rad, 5MRad |''Deinococcus radiodurans'' |[48] |- |nnu, 47% nnu (Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ, Great Salt Lake) |ụdị dị iche iche |[47][48] |- |Acid pH 3 |ụdị dị iche iche |<ref name="pmid17331729">{{Cite journal|title=Life in acid: pH homeostasis in acidophiles|journal=Trends in Microbiology|volume=15|issue=4|pages=165–171|date=April 2007|pmid=17331729|doi=10.1016/j.tim.2007.02.005}}</ref> |- |Alkaline pH 12.8 |betaproteobacteria |[48] |- |Space (afọ 6 na satellite NASA) |''Bacillus subtilis'' |[48] |- |3.2 kilomita n'okpuru ala&nbsp; |ụdị dị iche iche |[48] |- |Nnukwu nrụgide (Mariana Trench - 1200 atm) |Moritella, Shewanella na ndị ọzọ |[48] |} == Ọdịdị == [[Faịlụ:Bacterial_morphology_diagram.svg|alt=a diagram showing bacteria morphology|áká_èkpè|thumb|Bacteria na-egosipụta ọtụtụ ọdịdị na nhazi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ]] '''Nha maọbu ogologo'''. Bacteria na-egosipụta ọdịdị na nha dịgasị iche iche. Mkpụrụ ndụ nje bacteria bụ ihe dịka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke mkpụrụ ndụ eukaryotic ma na-adịkarị 0.5 ruo 5.0 micrometers n'ogologo. Otú ọ dị, a na-ahụ ụdị ole na ole na anya nkịtị - dịka ọmụmaatụ, ''Thiomargarita namibiensis'' ruru ọkara milimita n'ogologo, <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Big bacteria|journal=Annual Review of Microbiology|volume=55|pages=105–137|year=2001|pmid=11544351|doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.105}}</ref> ''Epulopiscium fishelsoni'' ruru 0.7 mm, <ref name="Williams2011">{{Cite journal|year=2011|title=Who are you calling simple?|journal=New Scientist|volume=211|issue=2821|pages=38–41|doi=10.1016/S0262-4079(11)61709-0}}</ref> ebe ''Thiomargarita magnifica'' nwere ike iru ọbụna cm abụọ n'ogologo, nke ji okpukpu iri ise karịa nje bacteria ndị ọzọ a maara. <ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.abb3634|title=A centimeter-long bacterium with DNA contained in metabolically active, membrane-bound organelles|date=2022|journal=Science|volume=376|issue=6600|pages=1453–1458|pmid=35737788}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Largest bacterium ever found is surprisingly complex|journal=Nature|date=June 2022|pmid=35750919|doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01757-1}}</ref> N'etiti ndị kacha obere na nje bacteria bụ ndị òtù ''Mycoplasma'', ndị na-adị naanị 0.3 micrometers, dị obere ka Nje virus kachasị ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Mycoplasma hominis: growth, reproduction, and isolation of small viable cells|journal=Journal of Bacteriology|volume=124|issue=2|pages=1007–1018|date=November 1975|pmid=1102522|doi=10.1128/JB.124.2.1007-1018.1975}}</ref> Ụfọdụ nje bacteria nwere ike ịdị obere karịa nke a, mana a naghị amụ nke ọma banyere Ultramicrobcteria ndị a.<ref name="Velimirov2001">{{Cite journal|year=2001|title=Nanobacteria, Ultramicrobacteria and Starvation Forms: A Search for the Smallest Metabolizing Bacterium|journal=Microbes and Environments|volume=16|issue=2|pages=67–77|doi=10.1264/jsme2.2001.67}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; '''Ọdịdị''' Ọtụtụ ụdị nje bacteria dị ma ọ bụghị n'ụdị gbara okirikiri, a na-akpọ ''cocci'' (''otu coccus'', sitere n'asụsụ Greek ''kokkos'', ọka, mkpụrụ), ọ bụrụ n'ụdị osisi, a na-akpọ ''bacilli'' (sing. bacillus, site na Latịn ''baculus'', nkụ). <ref>{{Cite book|title=Living at Micro Scale|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=2009|isbn=978-0-674-03116-6|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=20–25|language=en}}</ref> Ụfọdụ nje bacteria, nke a na-akpọ ''vibrio'', na-adị ka osisi ndị gbagọtụrụ agbagọ ma ọ bụ nke dị ka ákàrà rịkọm; ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịdị n'ụdị fịkọtụrụ afịkọ a na-akpọ ''spirilla'', ma ọ bụ fịkọsiri ike, nke a kpọrọ ''spirochaetes''. A kọwaala ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ọdịdị ndị ọzọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe, dị ka nje bacteria dị ka kpakpando.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Staying in Shape: the Impact of Cell Shape on Bacterial Survival in Diverse Environments|journal=Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews|volume=80|issue=1|pages=187–203|date=March 2016|pmid=26864431|doi=10.1128/MMBR.00031-15}}</ref> Ụdị dịgasị iche iche a ka a na-ekpebi site na mgbidi mkpụrụ ndụ nje na cytoskeleton ma dị mkpa n'ihi na ọ nwere ike imetụta ikike nje bacteria ahụ inweta ihe oriri, ịrapara n'elu ihe, igwu egwu ka na mmiri ma gbapụnahụ ndị na-eri ibe ha.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Bacterial cell shape|journal=Nature Reviews. Microbiology|volume=3|issue=8|pages=601–10|date=August 2005|pmid=16012516|doi=10.1038/nrmicro1205}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=The selective value of bacterial shape|journal=Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews|volume=70|issue=3|pages=660–703|date=September 2006|pmid=16959965|doi=10.1128/MMBR.00001-06}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Relative_scale.svg|thumb|Ụdị nha nke prokaryotes (Bacteria) gosipụtara, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ na Biomolecules ]] == Ọdịdị mkpụrụ ndụ Ya == [[Faịlụ:Prokaryote_cell.svg|alt=Prokaryote cell with structure and parts|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọdịdị na ndịnaya nke mkpụrụ ndụ nje bacteria Gram-positive (nke a na-ahụ site n'eziokwu na ọ bụ naanị ''otu'' membrane nke mkpụrụ ndụ dị) ]] == Omume == === Ịgagharị === [[Faịlụ:Dvulgaris_micrograph.JPG|thumb|Transmission electron micrograph na-egosi ''Desulfovibrio vulgaris'' na-egosi otu flagellum n'otu nsọtụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ. Ogwe aka bụ 0.5 micrometers n'ogologo]] Ọtụtụ nje bacteria na agagharị agagharị (nke nwere ike ịnọgharị onwe ya) ma mee ya site na iji usoro dịgasị iche iche. Ihe kachasị mma a mụrụ n'ime ndị a bụ flagella, ogologo eriri nke moto na-atụgharị na ala ya iji mepụta mmegharị dị ka propeller.<ref name="Bardy">{{Cite journal|title=Electron microscopic observations of prokaryotic surface appendages|journal=Journal of Microbiology|volume=55|issue=12|pages=919–26|date=December 2017|pmid=29214488|doi=10.1007/s12275-017-7369-4}}</ref> A na-eji ihe dị ka protein iri abụọ eme flagellum nke nje bacteria, yana ihe dị ka proteins iri atọ ọzọ achọrọ maka nhazi na nchịkọta ya.<ref name="Bardy" /> Flagellum bụ ihe na-agbagharị agbagharị nke a na-eji motor nwere ike ila azụ nke na-eji gradient electrochemical gafee membrane maka ike n'ala ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The bacterial flagellum: reversible rotary propellor and type III export apparatus|journal=Journal of Bacteriology|volume=181|issue=23|pages=7149–53|date=December 1999|pmid=10572114|doi=10.1128/JB.181.23.7149-7153.1999}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Flagella.svg|thumb|Ndokwa dị iche iche nke flagella nke bacteria: A-Monotrichous; B-Lophotrichois; C-Amphitrichous, D-Peritrichous]] Bacteria nwere ike iji flagella n'ụzọ dị iche iche iji mepụta ụdị mmegharị dị iche iche. Ọtụtụ nje bacteria (dị ka E. coli) nwere ụzọ abụọ dị iche iche nke ịgagharị: ịga n'ihu (dịka igwu mmiri) na ịsụgharị isi. Nsụgharị isi a na-enye ha ohere ịmegharị ma mee ka ngagharị ha bụrụ njem atọ na-enweghị isi.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Collective bacterial dynamics revealed using a three-dimensional population-scale defocused particle tracking technique|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=72|issue=7|pages=4987–94|date=July 2006|pmid=16820497|doi=10.1128/AEM.00158-06}}</ref> Ụdị nje bacteria dị iche na-adị iche site n'ọnụ ọgụgụ na nhazi nke flagella n'elu ha; ụfọdụ nwere otu flagellum (monotrichous), flagellum na njedebe ọ bụla (''amphitrichous'', ụyọkọ flagella na ogwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ (''lophotrichous'') ebe ndị ọzọ nwere flagella gbasara n'elu mkpụrụ ndụ ahụ dum (''peritrichous''). A na-ahụ flagella nke ''otu ụdị'' bacteria, spirochaetes, n'etiti membranes abụọ na oghere periplasmic. Ha nwere ahụ dị iche dị n'ụdị helix nke na-agbagharị ma ọ na-agagharị.<ref name="Bardy">{{Cite journal|title=Electron microscopic observations of prokaryotic surface appendages|journal=Journal of Microbiology|volume=55|issue=12|pages=919–26|date=December 2017|pmid=29214488|doi=10.1007/s12275-017-7369-4}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKim2017">Kim KW (December 2017). "Electron microscopic observations of prokaryotic surface appendages". ''Journal of Microbiology''. '''55''' (12): <span class="nowrap">919–</span>26. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s12275-017-7369-4|10.1007/s12275-017-7369-4]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29214488 29214488].</cite></ref> A na-akpọ ụdị mmegharị nje abụọ ọzọ twitching motility nke na-adabere na usoro a na-ahụ anya a na-akpọ ụdị IV pilus, <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Type IV pili and twitching motility|journal=Annual Review of Microbiology|volume=56|pages=289–314|year=2002|pmid=12142488|doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160938}}</ref> na gliding motility, nke na-eji usoro ndị ọzọ. Na twitching motility, pilus yiri osisi na-agbatị pụta site na mkpụrụ ndụ, jikọta ụfọdụ ihe, wee laghachi azụ, na-adọta mkpụrụ ndụ n'ihu.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Pilus retraction powers bacterial twitching motility|journal=Nature|volume=407|issue=6800|pages=98–102|date=September 2000|pmid=10993081|doi=10.1038/35024105}}</ref> Nje bacteria na-agagharị agagharị na-enwe ndọta ma ọ bụ nchụpụ site na ụfọdụ Ihe na-akpali akpali na omume a na-akpọ ''taxes'': ndị a gụnyere chemotaxis, fototaxisenergy taxes na Magnetotaxis.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Chemotaxis-guided movements in bacteria|journal=Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine|volume=15|issue=4|pages=207–20|date=July 2004|pmid=15284186|doi=10.1177/154411130401500404}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Bacterial energy taxis: a global strategy?|journal=Archives of Microbiology|volume=192|issue=7|pages=507–20|date=July 2010|pmid=20411245|doi=10.1007/s00203-010-0575-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Magneto-aerotaxis in marine coccoid bacteria|journal=Biophysical Journal|volume=73|issue=2|pages=994–1000|date=August 1997|pmid=9251816|doi=10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78132-3}}</ref> N'otu ìgwè pụrụ iche, myxobacteria, nje bacteria n'otu n'otu na-aga n'otu iji mepụta ọyọkọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ nke na-emecha nọrọ iche iche iji mepụta ahụ na-amị mkpụrụ nwere spores.<ref name="Kaiser">{{Cite journal|title=Signaling in myxobacteria|journal=[[Annual Review of Microbiology]]|volume=58|pages=75–98|year=2004|pmid=15487930|doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123620}}</ref> Myxobacteria na-agagharị naanị mgbe ha nọ n'elu ihe siri ike, n'adịghị ka E. coli, nke na-agagharị ma na mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike.<ref name="pmid21910630">{{Cite journal|title=Uncovering the mystery of gliding motility in the myxobacteria|journal=[[Annual Review of Genetics]]|volume=45|pages=21–39|date=2011|pmid=21910630|doi=10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132547}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ụdị Listeria na ''Shigella'' na-agagharị n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ na-echekwa ha site na iweghara cytoskeleton, nke a na-ejikarị eme ka organelle ndị dị n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ na-emeghari emegharị. Site n'ịkwalite polymeration actin n'otu ogwe nke mkpụrụ ndụ ha, ha nwere ike ịmepụta ụdị ọdụ nke ga-akwagharị ha site na cytoplasm nke mkpụrụ ndụ ha nọ na ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Actin-based motility of intracellular microbial pathogens|journal=Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews|volume=65|issue=4|pages=595–626, table of contents|date=December 2001|pmid=11729265|doi=10.1128/MMBR.65.4.595-626.2001}}</ref> == Nchịkọta na njirimara == [[Faịlụ:Streptococcus_mutans_Gram.jpg|alt=blue stain of Streptococcus mutans|thumb|''Streptococcus mutans'' nke e ji Gram stain hụ]] [[Faịlụ:Anillo_de_la_vida.png|thumb|300x300px|Osisi phylogenetic na-egosi ụdị dị iche iche nke Nje bacteria, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ. N'ebe a, nnukwu ìgwè atọ na-anọchite anya nje bacteria: CPR Ultramicrobacterium, Bacillati na Gracilicutes dị ka nnyocha genomic nke afọ 2019 <ref name="Zhu">{{Cite journal|title=Phylogenomics of 10,575 genomes reveals evolutionary proximity between domains Bacteria and Archaea|journal=Nature Communications|volume=10|issue=1|date=December 2019|pmid=31792218|doi=10.1038/s41467-019-13443-4}}</ref>]] Dị ka ọ dị na nkewa nje bacteria, njirimara nke nje bacteria na-ejikarị usoro molecular n'ebe ọ na-abawanye ụba [./Bacteria#cite_note-pmid33809163-202 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>] na mass spectroscopy. <ref name="pmid34041492">{{Cite journal|title=MALDI-TOF Mass Spectroscopy Applications in Clinical Microbiology|journal=Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences|volume=2021|issue=|date=2021|pmid=34041492|doi=10.1155/2021/9928238|url=}}</ref> A kọwabeghị ọtụtụ nje bacteria ma enwekwara ọtụtụ ụdị ndị a na-apụghị ịzụlite na ụlọ nnyocha.<ref name="Dudek">{{Cite journal|title=Novel Microbial Diversity and Functional Potential in the Marine Mammal Oral Microbiome|journal=Current Biology|volume=27|issue=24|pages=3752–62|year=2017|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.040|pmid=29153320}}</ref> Nnyocha site na iji ngwaọrụ ndị dabeere na DNA, dị ka polymerase chain reaction, na-ewu ewu n'ihi njirimara ịdị kpọmkwem ha, na ịdị ọsọ ha, ma e jiri ya tụnyere usoro ọdịbendị.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The role of DNA amplification technology in the diagnosis of infectious diseases|journal=CMAJ|volume=163|issue=3|pages=301–09|date=August 2000|pmid=10951731|doi=10.1016/s1381-1169(00)00220-x}}</ref> Ụzọ ndị a na-enyekwa ohere ịchọpụta na nhọpụta mkpụrụ ndụ "dị ndụ ma a bụghị nke a ga-azụlite" nke na-arụ ọrụ na metabolism ma a dịghị ekewa.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The viable but nonculturable state in bacteria|journal=Journal of Microbiology|volume=43 Spec No|pages=93–100|date=February 2005|pmid=15765062|url=http://www.msk.or.kr/jsp/view_old_journalD.jsp?paperSeq=2134}}</ref> Ụzọ bụ isi iji kọwaa ma kewaa nje bacteria ndị a bụ ikewapụ DNA ha site na ihe nlele gburugburu ebe obibi ma soro ha n'usoro ebe o buru ibu. Usoro a achọpụtala ọtụtụ puku, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị ọtụtụ ndè ụdị. Dabere na atụmatụ ụfọdụ, akọwaala ihe karịrị ụdị nje bacteria puku iri anọ na atọ, mana mgbalị iji tụọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ole ha dị n'ezie nke nje bacteria dị iche iche anọọla n'agbata ụdị 10⁷ ruo 10⁹ - ọbụnakwa atụmatụ ndị a dị iche iche nwere ike ịkwụsị site na ọtụtụ usoro nke ịdị ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Estimating prokaryotic diversity and its limits|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=99|issue=16|pages=10494–99|date=August 2002|pmid=12097644|doi=10.1073/pnas.142680199}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Status of the microbial census|journal=Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews|volume=68|issue=4|pages=686–91|date=December 2004|pmid=15590780|doi=10.1128/MMBR.68.4.686-691.2004}}</ref> == Nkewasị == === Nkewasị ziri ezi === E bipụtara phyla ndị a na-esonụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi dị ka Usoro Prokaryotic si dị; phyla ndị n'anọghị n'alaeze ọ bụla ka e gosipụtara na ndị na-achasi ike: <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes|journal=Int J Syst Evol Microbiol|year=2021|volume=71|issue=10|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.005056|pmid=34694987}}</ref><ref name="Parte-2020">{{Cite journal|author=Parte|first=Aidan C.|date=2020-11-01|title=List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|language=en|volume=70|issue=11|pages=5607–5612|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.004332|pmid=32701423}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFParteSardà_CarbasseMeier-KolthoffReimer2020">Parte AC, Sardà Carbasse J, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Reimer LC, Göker M (1 November 2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723251 "List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ"]. ''International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology''. '''70''' (11): <span class="nowrap">5607–</span>5612. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004332|10.1099/ijsem.0.004332]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723251 7723251]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32701423 32701423].</cite></ref>{{div col|colwidth=170px}} *[[Abditibacteriota]] *[[Acidobacteriota]] *[[Actinomycetota]] *[[Aquificota]] *[[Armatimonadota]] *[[Atribacterota]] *[[Bacillota]] *[[Bacteroidota]] *[[Balneolales|Balneolota]] *[[Caldisericota]] *[[Caldithrix|Calditrichota]] *[[Chlamydiota]] *[[Green sulfur bacteria|Chlorobiota]] *[[Chloroflexota]] *[[Chrysiogenota]] *[[Coprothermobacterota]] *[[Cyanobacteria|Cyanobacteriota]] *[[Deferribacterota]] *[[Deinococcota]] *[[Dictyoglomus|Dictyoglomerota]] *[[Elusimicrobiota]] *[[Fibrobacterota]] *'''[[Fidelibacter]]ota''' *[[Fusobacteriota]] *[[Gemmatimonadota]] *[[Kiritimatiellota]] *[[Lentisphaerota]] *[[Minisyncoccota]] *[[Mycoplasmatota]] *[[Nitrospinota]] *[[Nitrospirota]] *[[Planctomycetota]] *[[Pseudomonadota]] *[[Rhodothermota]] *[[Spirochaete|Spirochaetota]] *[[Synergistota]] *[[Thermodesulfobacteriota]] *[[Thermomicrobiota]] *[[Thermotogae|Thermotogota]] *[[Verrucomicrobiota]] *'''[[Vulcanimicrobiota]]'''{{div col end}} === Phyla a ga-achọ === A tụwo aro phyla ndị a, mana ebipụtabeghị ha n'ụzọ ziri ezi dị ka Usoro Prokaryotic si dị; phyla ndị na-anọghị n'alaeze ọ bụla ka egosipụtara na ndị na-achasi ike:<ref name="Parte-2020">{{Cite journal|author=Parte|first=Aidan C.|date=2020-11-01|title=List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|language=en|volume=70|issue=11|pages=5607–5612|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.004332|pmid=32701423}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Katayama|first=Taiki|date=2024|title=Fidelibacter multiformis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a deep subsurface aquifer and proposal of Fidelibacterota phyl. nov., formerly called Marine Group A, SAR406 or Candidatus Marinimicrobia|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|volume=74|issue=10|doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.006558|pmid=39465541}}</ref>{{div col|colwidth=170px}} *"[[Acetithermota]]" *'''"[[Aerophobota]]"''' *'''"[[Auribacterota]]"''' *'''"[[Babelota]]"''' *'''"[[Binatota]]"''' *"[[Bipolaricaulota]]" *'''"[[Caldipriscota]]"''' *'''"[[Calescibacteriota]]"''' *'''"[[Canglongiota]]"''' *"[[Cloacimonadota]]" *'''"[[Cosmopoliota]]"''' *'''"[[Cryosericota]]"''' *'''"[[Deferrimicrobiota]]"''' *'''"[[Dormiibacterota]]"''' *'''"[[Effluvivivacota]]"''' *'''"[[Electryoneota]]"''' *'''"[[Elulimicrobiota]]"''' *'''"[[Fermentibacterota]]"''' *'''"[[Fervidibacterota]]"''' *'''"[[Goldiibacteriota]]"''' *'''"[[Heilongiota]]"''' *'''"[[Hinthialibacterota]]"''' *'''"[[Hydrogenedentota]]"''' *'''"[[Hydrothermota]]"''' *'''"[[Kapaibacteriota]]"''' *'''"[[Krumholzibacteriota]]"''' *'''"[[Kryptoniota]]"''' *"[[Latescibacterota]]" *'''"[[Lernaellota]]"''' *"[[Lithacetigenota]]" *'''"[[Macinerneyibacteriota]]"''' *'''"[[Margulisiibacteriota]]"''' *'''"[[Methylomirabilota]]"''' *'''"[[Moduliflexota]]"''' *'''"[[Muiribacteriota]]"''' *'''"[[Nitrosediminicolota]]"''' *'''"[[Omnitrophota]]"''' *'''"[[Parcunitrobacterota]]"''' *'''"[[Peregrinibacteriota]]"''' *'''"[[Qinglongiota]]"''' *'''"[[Rifleibacteriota]]"''' *'''"[[Ryujiniota]]"''' *'''"[[Spongiamicota]]"''' *'''"[[Sumerlaeota]]"''' *'''"[[Sysuimicrobiota]]"''' *'''"[[Tangaroaeota]]"''' *'''"[[Tectimicrobiota]]"''' *'''"[[Tianyaibacteriota]]"''' *'''"[[Wirthibacterota]]"''' *"[[Zhuqueibacterota]]" *'''"[[Zhurongbacterota]]"'''{{div col end}} == Mmekọrịta ha na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ == [[Faịlụ:Bacterial_infections_and_involved_species.png|alt=chart showing bacterial infections upon various parts of human body|thumb|Nchịkọta nke mwakpo nje bacteria na ebe ndị o metụtakarịrị<ref name="Microbiology33">{{Cite book|title=Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series)|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Hagerstwon, MD|year=2007|chapter=Chapter 33|pages=367–92|isbn=978-0-7817-8215-9}}</ref>]] N'agbanyeghị na ha yiri ka ha dị mfe, nje bacteria nwere ike ịmepụta njikọ dị mgbagwoju anya ha na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ. Enwere ike kewaa njikọ mmekọrịta ndị a n'ụdị orim egbum (parasitism), bụrụ ka m biri (mutualism) na ka m rie ka I nọrọ(commensalism).<ref name="pmid26568407">{{Cite journal|title=Rethinking "mutualism" in diverse host-symbiont communities|journal=BioEssays|volume=38|issue=1|pages=100–8|date=January 2016|pmid=26568407|doi=10.1002/bies.201500074}}</ref> === Ndị Mmekọrịta Ka m Rie Ka I Nọrọ (Commensals) === Okwu "commensalism" sitere n'okwu "commensal", nke pụtara "iri n'otu tebụl" na osisi na anụmanụ niile bụ ndị nje bacteria commensal na-achị. N'ime ụmụ mmadụ na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, ọtụtụ ijeri n'ime ha na-ebi na akpụkpọ ahụ, ụzọ ikuku, eriri afọ na oghere ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A dynamic partnership: celebrating our gut flora|journal=Anaerobe|volume=11|issue=5|pages=247–51|date=October 2005|pmid=16701579|doi=10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.05.001}}</ref><ref name="pmid31214175">{{Cite journal|title=Commensal Bacteria: An Emerging Player in Defense Against Respiratory Pathogens|journal=Frontiers in Immunology|volume=10|issue=|date=2019|pmid=31214175|doi=10.3389/fimmu.2019.01203}}</ref> Ndị a na-akpọ ya "nje nkịtị", ma ọ bụ "commensals", nje bacteria ndị a anaghị emerụ ahụ ma ha nwere ike ịwakpo ebe ndị ọzọ n'ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ ma kpatara ọrịa.<ref name="pmid3074102">{{Cite journal|title=Normal flora and mucosal immunity of the head and neck|journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America|volume=2|issue=1|pages=1–19|date=March 1988|pmid=3074102|doi=10.1016/S0891-5520(20)30163-X|url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid34329585">{{Cite journal|title=Commensal bacteria and fungi differentially regulate tumor responses to radiation therapy|journal=Cancer Cell|volume=39|issue=9|pages=1202–1213.e6|date=July 2021|pmid=34329585|doi=10.1016/j.ccell.2021.07.002|url=}}</ref> ''Escherichia coli'' bụ commensal n'ime eriri afọ mmadụ mana ọ nwere ike ịkpata ọrịa ebe e si anyụ mamịrị. <ref name="pmid33575225">{{Cite journal|title=MALT Lymphoma of the Urinary Bladder Shows a Dramatic Female Predominance, Uneven Geographic Distribution, and Possible Infectious Etiology|journal=Research and Reports in Urology|volume=13|issue=|pages=49–62|date=2021|pmid=33575225|doi=10.2147/RRU.S283366}}</ref> N'otu aka ahụ, streptococci, nke bụ akụkụ nke nje nkịtị nke ọnụ mmadụ, nwere ike ịkpata ọrịa obi.<ref name="pmid33852085">{{Cite journal|title=Infective endocarditis in paediatric population|journal=European Journal of Pediatrics|volume=180|issue=10|pages=3089–3100|date=April 2021|pmid=33852085|doi=10.1007/s00431-021-04062-7}}</ref> === Anụ ndị na-eri ibe ha === Ụdị nje bacteria ụfọdụ na-egbu ma rie microorganisms ndị ọzọ; a na-akpọ ụdị ndị a nje bacteria na-eri ibe ha.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Predatory prokaryotes: an emerging research opportunity|journal=Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology|volume=4|issue=5|pages=467–77|date=September 2002|pmid=12432957}}</ref> Ndị a gụnyere ihe ndị dị ndụ dị ka ''Myxococcus xanthus'', nke na-emepụta ụyọkọ mkpụrụ ndụ na-egbu ma na-agbari nje bacteria ọ bụla ha zutere.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Experimental social evolution with Myxococcus xanthus|journal=Antonie van Leeuwenhoek|volume=81|issue=1–4|pages=155–64|date=August 2002|pmid=12448714|doi=10.1023/A:1020546130033}}</ref> Nje ndị ọzọ na-eri ibe ha bụ na ha ga-arapara na anụ ahụ nje ha chọrọ iri iji gbarie ha ma mịkọrọ ihe oriri ma ọ bụ ha awakpoo mkpụrụ ndụ ọzọ ma mụbaa n'ime cytosol ya.<ref name="pmid34010833">{{Cite journal|title=Bacterial Predation on Cyanobacteria|journal=Microbial Physiology|volume=31|issue=2|pages=99–108|date=May 2021|pmid=34010833|doi=10.1159/000516427}}</ref> A na-eche na nje bacteria ndị a sitere na Saprophagus nke riri microorganisms nwụrụ anwụ, site na mgbanwe nke nyere ha ohere ijide ma gbuo ihe ndị ọzọ.<ref name="pmid19174136">{{Cite journal|title=Bacterial predators|journal=Current Biology|volume=19|issue=2|pages=R55–56|date=January 2009|pmid=19174136|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.043}}</ref> === Ndị na-akwado ibe ha === Nje bacteria ụfọdụ na-emepụta njikọ chiri anya nke dị mkpa maka ndụ ha. Otu njikọ dị otú ahụ, nke a na-akpọ interspecies Hydrogen transfer, na-eme n'etiti ụyọkọ nje bacteria na-anaghị anọ ebe oxygen dị nke na-eri organic acid, dị ka butyric acid ma ọ bụ propionic acid, ma na-emepụta hydrogen, na methanogenic archaea nke na-erị hydrogen.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Exocellular electron transfer in anaerobic microbial communities|journal=Environmental Microbiology|volume=8|issue=3|pages=371–82|date=March 2006|pmid=16478444|doi=10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.00989.x}}</ref> Nje bacteria nọ na njikọ a enweghị ike iri acid ebe ọ bụ na mmeghachi omume a na-emepụta hydrogen nke na-agbakọta na gburugburu ha. Naanị njikọ chiri anya ha na archaea na-eri hydrogen na-eme ka hydrogen dị ala iji kwe ka nje ahụ too.<ref name="pmid29411546">{{Cite journal|title=Cross-protection from hydrogen peroxide by helper microbes: the impacts on the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus and other beneficiaries in marine communities|journal=Environmental Microbiology Reports|volume=10|issue=4|pages=399–411|date=August 2018|pmid=29411546|doi=10.1111/1758-2229.12625}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Mutualistic_relationship_between_plants_and_rhizosphere.svg|thumb|320x320px|Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti osisi na nje bacteria na-ejikọta nitrogen dị na rhizosphere]] N'ime ala, microorganisms ndị bi na [[rhizosphere]] (ebe gụnyere mgbọrọgwụ na ala nke na-arapara na mgbọrọgwụ mgbe ịma jijiji dị nro mechara) na-etinye nitrogen n'ala, na-agbanwe nitrogen gas ka ọ ghọrọ nitrogen compounds.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Microbial co-operation in the rhizosphere|journal=Journal of Experimental Botany|volume=56|issue=417|pages=1761–78|date=July 2005|pmid=15911555|doi=10.1093/jxb/eri197}}</ref> Nke a na-arụ ọrụ iji nye ụdị nitrogen dị mfe mmịrị maka ọtụtụ osisi, nke na-enweghị ike itinyei nitrogen n'onwe ha. A na-ahụ ọtụtụ nje bacteria ndị ọzọ dị ka symbionts na ụmụ mmadụ na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọnụnọ nke ihe karịrị otu puku nke ụdị nje bacteria n'ime eriri afọ mmadụ nwere ike inye aka na mgbochi ọrịa eriri afọ, mepụta vitamin, dị ka folic acid, vitamin K na Biotin, gbanwee shuga ka ọ ghọọ lactic acid (lee Lactobacillus), yana ịgbaze carbohydrates a na-apụghị ịgbari agbari.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The gut flora as a forgotten organ|journal=EMBO Reports|volume=7|issue=7|pages=688–93|date=July 2006|pmid=16819463|doi=10.1038/sj.embor.7400731}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=A microbial world within us|journal=Molecular Microbiology|volume=59|issue=6|pages=1639–50|date=March 2006|pmid=16553872|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05056.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Lactic acid bacteria and human health|journal=Annals of Medicine|volume=22|issue=1|pages=37–41|date=February 1990|pmid=2109988|doi=10.3109/07853899009147239}}</ref> Ọnụnọ nke nje ndị a n'eriri afọ na-egbochi uto nke nje bacteria nwere ike ibute ọrịa (na-emekarị site na mwepụ n'ụzọ asọmpi) a ma na-ere nje bacteria ndị a bara uru dị ka Ihe mgbakwunye nri probiotic.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Probiotics that modify disease risk|journal=The Journal of Nutrition|volume=135|issue=5|pages=1294–98|date=May 2005|pmid=15867327|doi=10.1093/jn/135.5.1294}}</ref> Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ Ndụ anụmanụ niile dabeere na nje bacteria maka ịdị ndụ dịka ọ bụ naanị nje bacteria na ụfọdụ archaea nwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na enzymes dị mkpa iji mepụta [[vitamin]] B₁₂, nke a makwaara dị ka cobalamin, ma nye ya site na eriri nri. Vitamin B12 bụ vitamin na-agbaze na mmiri nke na-etinye aka na metabolism nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọ bụla nke ahụ mmadụ. Ọ bụ cofactor na njikọ DNA na ma fatty acid na amino acid metabolism. Ọ dị mkpa karịsịa na ọrụ dị mma nke usoro akwara ahụ site na ọrụ ya na mmepụta myelin.<ref name="pmid29216732">{{Cite journal|title=Vitamin B12 sources and microbial interaction|journal=Experimental Biology and Medicine|volume=243|issue=2|pages=148–58|date=January 2018|pmid=29216732|doi=10.1177/1535370217746612}}</ref> === Ihe Ndị Na-akpata Ọrịa === [[Faịlụ:Neisseria_gonorrhoeae_and_pus_cells.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|''Neisseria gonorrhoeae'' na Mkpụrụ ndụ pus sitere na ihe si n'amụ pụta (Gram stain) ]] [[Faịlụ:SalmonellaNIAID.jpg|alt=Color-enhanced scanning electron micrograph of red Salmonella typhimurium in yellow human cells|thumb|Micrograph eletrọn na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-egosi ''Salmonella typhimurium'' (na-acha ọbara ọbara) ka ha na-awakpo mkpụrụ ndụ mmadụ]] A na-anọgide na-ekpughe ahụ nye ọtụtụ ụdị nje bacteria, gụnyere ndị bara uru na-ebi n'ahụ mmadụ na-adịghi eweta nsogbu, ndị na-eto n'ahụ nakwa na mucous membranes, yana Ndị na-ebi na ihe ndị na-ere ure, ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ala na n'ihe ndị na-emebi emebi. Mmiri ọbara na anụ ahụ nwere ihe na-edozi ahụ zuru ezu iji mee ka ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-eto. Ahụ nwere usoro nchebe nke na-enyere ya aka iguzogide mwakpo ụmụ njé n'ebe dị iche iche na anụ ahụ ma nye ya ikike mgbochi ọrịa ọnatarachi ma ọ bụ nguzogide ebumpụta ụwa megide ọtụtụ ụmụ microorganisms. N'adịghị ka ụfọdụ nje, nje bacteria na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanwe ọtụtụ ọrịa nje na-emekwa n'ime anụmanụ ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na nje bacteria na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ na-enwe mmekọrịta orim egbum, a na-ahazi ha dịka njé ndị na-akpata ọrịa. Nje bacteria na-akpata ọrịa bụ isi ihe na-akpata ọnwụ na ọrịa mmadụ ma na-akpụ ọrịa dịka tetanus (nke ''Clostridium tetani'' na-akpata), ịba ahụ, diphtheria, syphilis, ọgbụgbọ na ọnyụnyụ, ọrịa ndị a na-ebute na nri, [[Ekpenta]] (nke Mycobacterium leprae na-akpata) na ụkwara nta (nke Mycebocterium tuberculosis kpatara). Enwere ike ịchọpụta ihe na-akpata ọrịa a ma ama ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị, dịka ọ dị maka ''Helicobacter pylori'' na Ọrịa ọnyá afọ.<ref name="pmid34244666">{{Cite journal|title=Helicobacter pylori infection causes both protective and deleterious effects in human health and disease|journal=Genes and Immunity|volume=22|issue=4|pages=218–226|date=July 2021|pmid=34244666|doi=10.1038/s41435-021-00146-4}}</ref> Ọrịa nje bacteria dịkwa mkpa n'[[Oru ugbo|ọrụ ugbo]], ebe ọ bụ nje bacteria na-akpata ntụpọ akwụkwọ, ọnya ọkụ na ntụpọ n'ime osisi, yana Ọrịa Johne, mastitis, salmonella na anthrax n'ime anụ ụlọ.<ref name="pmid27660260">{{Cite journal|title=40 years of veterinary papers in JAC – what have we learnt?|journal=The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy|volume=71|issue=10|pages=2681–90|date=October 2016|pmid=27660260|doi=10.1093/jac/dkw363}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Normal_and_BV_flora.jpg|alt=Gram-stained micrograph of bacteria from the vagina|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Gbasara nje bacteria n'ọ́tụ̀ nwanyị, nje bacteria ndị bara uru n'ime akụkụ ahụ nwanyị (n'elu) ka nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa na-anọchi (n'okpuru).]] Ụdị nke na-akpata ọrịa nke ọbụla nwere ụdị mmekọrịta dị iche iche ya na ndị mmadụ na-ebu ha. Ụfọdụ ihe ndị dị ndụ, dị ka ''Staphylococcus'' ma ọ bụ ''Streptococcus'' nwere ike ịkpata ọrịa akpụkpọ ahụ, oyi ịba n'ahụ, meningitis na sepsis (bụ mgbu na-eko eko nke ahụ na-enwe na-akpata nkụda mmụọ, nnukwu vasodilation na ọnwụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Optimal antimicrobial therapy for sepsis|journal=American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy|volume=59|issue=Suppl 1|pages=S13–19|date=February 2002|pmid=11885408|doi=10.1093/ajhp/59.suppl_1.S13}}</ref> Ma ihe ndị a bụkwa akụkụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nje kwesịrị ịdị nkịtị n'ahụ mmadụ mmadụ ma na-adịkarị na akpụkpọ ahụ ma ọ bụ n'imi n'akpataghị ọrịa ọ bụla. Ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ na-akpata ọrịa n'ime ụmụ mmadụ, dị ka ''Rickettsia'', nke bụ nje na-adịkarị ndụ ma ọ bátá n'akụkụ ahụ mmadụ ụfọdụ nke nwere ike itolite ma mụbaa naanị n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ nke ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. Otu ụdị ''Rickettsia'' na-akpata typhus, ebe nke ọzọ na-akpatara Rocky Mountain spotted fever. ''Chlamydia'', phylum ọzọ nke intracellular parasites, nwere ụdị ndị nwere ike ịkpata oyi ịba n'ahụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa nke ebe mamịrị dị agafe ma nwee ike itinye aka na Ọrịa obi.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis|journal=Cellular Microbiology|volume=6|issue=2|pages=117–27|date=February 2004|pmid=14706098|doi=10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.00352.x}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ụdị, dị ka ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''Burkholderia cenocepacia'', na ''Mycobacterium avium'', bụ ihe ndị na-akpata ọrịa na-adị naanị mgbe ha hụrụ ohere, ma na-akpata ọrịa karịsịa na ndị usoro ahụ ha ji egbochi ọrịa na-adịghịzi ike ma ọ bụ nwere cystic fibrosis.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Letizia|first=Morgana|date=2025|title=Pseudomonas aeruginosa: ecology, evolution, pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-025-01193-8|journal=Nature Reviews Microbiology|language=en|volume=23|issue=11|pages=701–717|doi=10.1038/s41579-025-01193-8|pmid=40442328|issn=1740-1534}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Diseases associated with immunosuppression|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=43|pages=9–19|date=February 1982|pmid=7037390}}</ref><ref name="Saiman">{{Cite journal|title=Microbiology of early CF lung disease|journal=Paediatric Respiratory Reviews|volume=5|issue=Suppl A|pages=S367–69|year=2004|pmid=14980298|doi=10.1016/S1526-0542(04)90065-6}}</ref> Ụfọdụ nje bacteria na-emepụta nsí, nke na-akpata ọrịa. Ndị a bụ endotoxins, nke sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ nje bacteria mebiri emebi, na exotoxins nke nje bacteria na-emepụta ma wepụta n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi. Nje bacteria ''Clostridium botulinum'' dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-emepụta exotoxin dị ike nke na-akpata nkwarụ iku ume, ebe ''Salmonellae'' na-emepụta endotoxin nke na-akpata gastroenteritis. Enwere ike ịgbanwe ụfọdụ exotoxins ka ha bụrụ Toxoids, nke a na-eji dị ka ọgwụ mgbochi iji gbochie ọrịa ahụ. Enwere ike iji Ọgwụ nje gwọọ ọrịa nje, nke a na-ahazi dịka bacteriocidal ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-egbu nje ma ọ bụ bacteriostatic ma ọ bụrụgodị na ha egbochi uto nje. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ọgwụ nje, na klas ọ bụla na-egbochi usoro dị iche na nje ahụ na-akpata ọrịa pụọ na nke a hụrụ na onye nwe nke ahụ n'ahụ. Ihe atụ igosi otu ọgwụ nje si emepụta nsị na-ahọrọ ahọrọ bụ chloramphenicol na puromycin, nke na-egbochi nje ribosome, mana ọ bụghị ribosome eukaryotic dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ribosomal crystallography: initiation, peptide bond formation, and amino acid polymerization are hampered by antibiotics|journal=[[Annual Review of Microbiology]]|volume=58|pages=233–51|year=2004|pmid=15487937|doi=10.1146/annurev.micro.58.030603.123822}}</ref> A na-eji ọgwụ nje ma n'ịgwọ ọrịa mmadụ ma n'[[ọrụ ugbo siri ike]] iji kwalite uto anụmanụ, ebe ha nwere ike inye aka na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ọgwụ nje na-eguzogide n'etiti ndị nje bacteria.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Agricultural use of antibiotics and the evolution and transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria|journal=CMAJ|volume=159|issue=9|pages=1129–36|date=November 1998|pmid=9835883}}</ref> Enwere ihe mgbochi ọrịa site na usoro ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa dịka ihicha ahụ nke ọma tupu ịpịa ya agịga, yana nlekọta kwesịrị ekwesị nke catheter eji anyụ mamịrị. A na-ehichakwa ihe ndị e ji awa ahụ na nke eji agwọ ọrịa ezé nke ọma iji gbochie nje bacteria. A na-eji ihe na-egbu nje dịka bleach egbu nje bacteria ma ọ bụ nje ndị ọzọ na-akpata ọrịa n'elu ebe ndị a na-edokwasi ihe iji gbochie mmetọ ma belata ihe ize ndụ nke ibute ọrịa.<ref name="pmid28954657">{{Cite journal|title=Disinfection Processes|journal=Water Environment Research|volume=89|issue=10|pages=1206–44|date=October 2017|pmid=28954657|doi=10.2175/106143017X15023776270278}}</ref> == Akụkọ Mmalite nke Ọmụmụ banyere nje bacteria == [[Faịlụ:Anthonie_van_Leeuwenhoek_(1632-1723)._Natuurkundige_te_Delft_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-957.jpeg|alt=painting of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, in robe and frilled shirt, with ink pen and paper|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723), onye mbụ gụrụ microbiology na onye mbụ hụrụ nje bacteria site na iji ígwè microscope n'afọ 1676]] Ọ bụ onye Dutch bụ ọkachamara n'iji ígwè microscope eme nchọpụta ihe bụ Antonie van Leeuwenhoek bụ ụzọ hụ nje bacteria n'afọ 1676, na-eji microscope nwere otu ugogbe nke ọ rụrụ. Leeuwenhoek amataghị nje bacteria dị ka ụdị dị iche iche nke microorganisms, wee kpọọ microorganism niile ọ hụrụ animalcules, gụnyere nje bacteria, protists, na ụmụ anụmanụ ndị dị oké nta. O bipụtara ihe ọ chọpụtara n'usoro akwụkwọ ozi o degaara Royal Society nke London. Bacteria bụ nchọpụta e ji ígwè microscope mee kachasị dị ịrịba ama nke Leeuwenhoek mere. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ha dị n'ókè nke ugogbe microscope ya dị mfe nwere ike ịhụta, na, n'otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị dị ịrịba ama n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke sayensị, ọ dịghị onye ọzọ ga-ahụ ha ọzọ ruo ihe karịrị otu narị afọ.<ref>{{Cite book|authorlink=Isaac Asimov|year=1982|title=Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology|edition=2nd|location=Garden City, NY|publisher=Doubleday and Company}}</ref> Ihe ndị ọ chọpụtara gụnyekwara protozoans, a tụlekwara nchọpụta ya ọzọ na-adabere na nchọpụta ndị na-adịbeghị anya e mere gbasara ozizi mkpụrụ ndụ. Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg webatara okwu "bacterium" na 1828. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Symbolae Physioe. Animalia evertebrata.|publisher=Decas prima|location=Berlin|date=1828}}</ref> N'ezie, Bacterium ya bụ ụdị nke nwere ''Nje bacteria'' na-abụghị spore-forming rod, dị iche na Bacillus, ụdị nje bacteria na na-emepụta spore nke Ehrenberg kọwara na 1835. <ref name="status">{{Cite journal|title=The Status of the Generic Term Bacterium Ehrenberg 1828|journal=Journal of Bacteriology|volume=31|issue=5|pages=517–18|date=May 1936|pmid=16559906|doi=10.1128/jb.31.5.517-518.1936}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Dritter Beitrag zur Erkenntniss grosser Organisation in der Richtung des kleinsten Raumes.|language=de|publisher=Physikalische Abhandlungen der Koeniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften|location=Berlin|year=1835|pages=143–336|oclc=183145833}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Bacteriohopanepolyol * Nje bacteria gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa * Prokaryotes nke mmiri == Edensibịa == == Akwụkwọ Ndị E Degasịrị == * {{Cite book|title=Germs, Genes, & Civilization: how epidemics shaped who we are today|publisher=FT Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-13-701996-0|oclc=473120711}} * {{Cite book|title=Deadly Companions: how microbes shaped our history|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0-19-956144-5|oclc=183198723}} * {{Cite book|title=Strickberger's Evolution: the integration of genes, organisms and populations|publisher=Jones and Bartlett|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7637-0066-9|oclc=85814089}} * {{Cite book|title=The Microbial Challenge: a public health perspective|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4496-7375-8|oclc=794228026}} * {{Cite book|title=Fundamentals of Microbiology|edition=10th|publisher=Jones and Bartlett|location=Boston|year=2014|isbn=978-1-284-03968-9}} * {{Cite book|title=Principles of modern microbiology|publisher=Jones and Bartlett Publishers|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7637-1075-0|oclc=67392796}} == Njikọ Mpụga == * [http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/ Akwụkwọ ederede n'ịntanetị banyere nje bacteria (2015)] E debere ya na Wayback Machine {{Bacteria classification}}{{Bacteria}}{{Microorganisms}}{{Life on Earth}}{{Organisms et al.}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q10876}}{{Authority control}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] b5rubtcnjqfym5s3pkmu9a8y9lv7w0p 0 75316 632326 2026-05-08T17:52:01Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351414914|Vincent Enyeama]]" 632326 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[Faịlụ:Vincent_Enyeama_-_Hapoel_Tel-Aviv.JPG|thumb|250x250px|Vincent Enyeama na-egwuri egwu maka Hapoel Tel-Aviv]] '''Vincent Enyeama''' MON ({{Audio|Ig-Vincent Enyeama.ogg|pronunciation}}; amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1982) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu. A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-edebe goolu kachasị ukwuu n'Afrịka n'oge niile. N'ime ọrụ ya, nke ruru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 20, Enyeama gbara egwu maka Ibom Stars, Enyimba, Iwuanyanwu Nationale, Bnei Yehuda, Hapoel Tel Aviv, Lille na Maccabi Tel Aviv. Ọ bụkwa onye otu egwuregwu mba Naijiria site na 2002 ruo Ọktoba 2015, na-eje ozi dịka onyeisi ha site na Nọvemba 2013 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụwa n'afọ 2015. N'ịbụ onye ọ gbara bọọlụ 101, ọ bụ onye kacha agba bọọlụ na Naịjirịa ruo Nọvemba 2021 mgbe Ahmed Musa karịrị ya. == Ọrụ klọb == === Enyimba === N'oge ọ nọ na [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]], ọ meriri CAF Champions League ugboro abụọ, na otu ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama: A na-anọchi ya mgbe niile tupu ọgụ penalty. "Amaghị m ihe mere e ji dochie m tupu ntaramahụhụ, mana ọ rụrụ ọrụ, "ka o kwuru n'ajụjụ ọnụ n'afọ 2006. "N'Izrel, m kwụsịrị ọtụtụ ntaramahụhụ ma ugbu a onye ọ bụla maara na m nwere ike ijikwa ntaramahụjụ".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Afrofootball - Nigeria - Vincent Enyeama|url=http://www.afrofootball.com/countrypage/nigeria-vincent-enyeama.html?p=7|work=www.afrofootball.com|accessdate=28 May 2020|archivedate=18 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418065153/http://www.afrofootball.com/countrypage/nigeria-vincent-enyeama.html?p=7}}</ref> === Bnei Yehuda === Ka ya na Enyimba International gachara oge atọ na otu ya na Iwuanyanwu Nationale (nke a na-akpọ Heartland ugbu a), Enyeama kwagara n'ụlọ ọgbakọ Israel Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv. N'ime oge mbụ ya, ndị otu ahụ ruru eru maka ikpeazụ nke Israel State Cup na, mgbe ha gụchara nke anọ na Njikọ Njikọ nke Israel, maka 2006 UEFA Cup. === Hapoel Tel Aviv === Enyeama bịanyere aka na Hapoel Tel Aviv na 2007. Hapoel tachiri obi n'oge ọjọọ na 2007/2008, mana Enyeama nyeere ndị otu ahụ aka izere relegation ma ruo na ngwụcha iko steeti. During the 2008–09 season, Enyeama became Hapoel's penalty kicker, won the "Player of The Year" award, and just missed out on leading Hapoel to the league title. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template " style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2018)">clarification needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Na 2009–10, Hapoel meriri otu egwuregwu na iko okpukpu abụọ, yana Enyeama gosipụtara nke ọma. O meriri otu goolu na iko ikpeazụ mana ọ tụfuru penariti na egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke afọ, nke Hapoel mechara jiri ihe mgbaru ọsọ nkeji iri itoolu na abụọ merie, wee weghara aha asọmpi ahụ. N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2010, ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya n'afọ 2010-11 site na penalty megide Red Bull Salzburg na Champions League qualifiers. Enyeama gbara nke ọma na Champions League Group Stage, ọkachasị megide Lyon na Schalke 04. Hapoel merikwara iko Israel ọzọ. === Lille === Na June 2011, Enyeama kwagara n'akụkụ French Lille maka ego a na-akọwaghị na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ. O mere nke mbụ ya na 18 Ọktoba 2011 megide Inter Milan na 2012 UEFA Champions League otu, ebe Inter nwere mmeri 1-0. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Enyeama kwetara na ya na Maccabi Tel Aviv ga-agbazinye ego otu afọ ma onye isi egwuregwu Maccabi bụ Jordi Cruyff gosiri ya ndị mgbasa ozi n'ụbọchị asatọ n'ọnwa Nọgọst n'afọ 2012. Ọ pụtara na egwuregwu iri abụọ na asaa nke Israel Premier League ma Maccabi gara n'ihu merie n'asọmpi ahụ. N'oge 2013-14 Ligue 1 oge, onye njikwa klọb René Girard họọrọ Enyeama dị ka onye na-edebe goolu mbụ ya n'ihu Steeve Elana, onye bụbu onye na-elekọta goolu mbụ n'okpuru Rudi Garcia. Site n'enyemaka nke ndị na-agbachitere ya abụọ, Marko Baša na Simon Kjær, Enyeama debere mpempe akwụkwọ 11 dị ọcha n'usoro na egwuregwu Ligue 1 n'oge ọkara mbụ nke oge ahụ. N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2013, Enyeama mechara nye goolu mgbe ọ gbasịrị nkeji 1,062 nke egwuregwu Ligue 1 na egwuregwu na Bordeaux, n'oge ahụ Landry N'Guémo meriri ya na nkeji nke iri abụọ na asaa. N'ihi ya, ọ bịara n'ime nkeji 114 nke ịha nhata nke Gaëtan Huard's Ligue 1 goalkeeeping record, setịpụrụ na 1993, nke igwu egwu 1,176 nkeji n'enyeghị goolu. N'afọ 2017-18, Enyeama emeghị egwuregwu league ebe a hapụrụ ya n'ime ndị otu mbụ n'ihi "enweghị nkwekọrịta n'etiti onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ na ndị njikwa klọb ahụ".<ref>{{Cite news|title=Lille coach explains exactly why Vincent Enyeama has been axed|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/lille-coach-explains-exactly-why-enyeama-has-been-axed/6vnqnk3jqhqg17yi0dtxl8pae|accessdate=18 August 2018|work=Goal|date=24 April 2018}}</ref> Ọ sonyeere ndị otu mbụ na ọzụzụ tupu oge ezumike na July 2018. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Vincent Enyeama drops hint on LOSC Lille future|url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/nigeria/story/3561367/vincent-enyeama-drops-hint-on-losc-lille-future|accessdate=18 August 2018|work=Kwesé ESPN|date=10 July 2018}}</ref> A tọhapụrụ ya site na nkwekọrịta ha abụọ na 31 Ọgọst 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45374552|title=Vincent Enyeama: Lille release goalkeeper by mutual consent|date=31 August 2018|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=29 July 2019|archivedate=3 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803011413/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45374552}}</ref> N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2019 o kwuru na ọ chọsiri ike igwu egwu ọzọ, na Julaị afọ 2019 ọ gara ikpe na klọb Dijon nke France. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46836788|title=Vincent Enyeama: Nigeria keeper wants to play again|date=11 January 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=29 July 2019|archivedate=3 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803011428/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46836788}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49125718|title=Nigerian Vincent Enyeama aims to return after two years out|date=26 July 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=29 July 2019|archivedate=28 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728090856/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49125718}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị na Dijon enyeghị ya nkwekọrịta, o gosipụtara ekele maka klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49180545|title=Vincent Enyeama: Former Nigeria goalkeeper 'grateful' for Dijon chance|date=31 July 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=1 August 2019|archivedate=1 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801083821/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49180545}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na na mbido oge 2019-20 Enyeama kwuru na ọ na-atụ anya ịchọta klọb ọhụrụ ma gaa n'ihu na-egwu egwu, o mechara laa ezumike nká mgbe njedebe nke mkpọsa ahụ gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/former-nigeria-goalkeeper-enyeama-reveals-retirement-plan/13n8w4urctimk17imvhcd3vrqu|title=Former Nigeria goalkeeper Enyeama reveals retirement plan after 20-year career|work=Goal|date=1 November 2019|accessdate=15 March 2021|archivedate=26 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726114946/https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/former-nigeria-goalkeeper-enyeama-reveals-retirement-plan/13n8w4urctimk17imvhcd3vrqu}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == '''Naịjirịa''' Na 2006 Africa Cup of Nations, Enyeama kwụsịrị ịgba ụkwụ atọ na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ megide Tunisia mana ọ pụghị igbochi Ivory Coast ịla n'iyi na ọkara ikpeazụ. Na asọmpi nke afọ 2010, ọ bụ onye dike na-agba égbè nke Naijiria ọzọ na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ, na-azọpụta Thomas Nyrienda nke Zambia ma na-agbapụ mmeri n'onwe ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/8477701.stm|title=Zambia 0–0 Nigeria (Nigeria win 5–4 on penalties)|author=Dave Lee|date=25 January 2010|accessdate=26 January 2010}}</ref> Enyeama mere nke abụọ ya na FIFA World Cup na asọmpi 2010 na South Africa. A kpọrọ ya nwoke nke egwuregwu na egwuregwu mbụ nke Naijiria nke asọmpi ahụ, ngosipụta nnupụisi nke gbochiri Argentina mmeri 1-0. Enyeama, onye na-egwu egwuregwu mba ụwa nke 56 ya maka Super Eagles, mere ezigbo nchekwa isii megide ndị mmeri ụwa ugboro abụọ, anọ n'ime ha sitere na [[Lionel Messi]]. Onye nkuzi Argentina Diego Maradona toro ya dịka ihe mere Messi ji ghara ịgba goolu. Enyeama nwetakwara onye nke egwuregwu ahụ na egwuregwu ọzọ nke otu ahụ, mmeri 2-1 na Gris mana ọ bụ ụta maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmeri Vasilis Torosidis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_19/default.stm|title=Greece 2-1 Nigeria|work=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=12 June 2021|archivedate=17 June 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617033031/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_19/default.stm}}</ref> Na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, Enyeama nọchitere anya onye isi oche Josef Yobo, onye nọrọ n'elu oche maka ọtụtụ n'ime asọmpi ahụ.<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|title=Vincent Enyeama|accessdate=21 June 2014|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=189300/profile-detail.html|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Febụwarị, Enyeama duuru Naijiria gaa na mmeri nke atọ ya na kọntinent, na-edebe akwụkwọ dị ọcha na mmeri 1-0 nke Burkina Faso na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations Final. A kpọrọ aha ya na otu nke asọmpi ahụ dị ka onye na-edebe goolu mbụ, na-enyefe naanị goolu anọ na egwuregwu isii.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/32774/2013-africa-cup-of-nations-team-of-the-tournament|title=2013 Afcon Team of the Tournament|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=21 June 2014|work=[[Kick Off (magazine)|Kick Off]]}}</ref> N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2014, a kpọrọ Enyeama aha na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka 2014 FIFA World Cup. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=21 June 2014}}</ref> N'egwuregwu mbụ nke Super Eagles, ọ nọgidere na-eme FIFA World Cup nke abụọ n'ọrụ ya ka Naịjirịa meriri Iran 0-0.<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=22 June 2014|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285113|title=Iran 0-0 Nigeria|date=16 June 2014}}</ref> O mechara dekọọ nke abụọ n'usoro na egwuregwu megide Bosnia na Herzegovina, mmeri 1-0 nke nyere Naịjirịa mmeri mbụ ya na asọmpi ahụ kemgbe Mbipụta 1998.<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=22 June 2014|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285235|title=Nigeria 1-0 Bosnia-Herce|date=22 June 2014}}</ref> O nyere goolu atọ n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke agba nke mbụ megide Argentina, egwuregwu nke mechiri na mmeri 3-2 maka Naịjirịa, na-etinye ha nke abụọ n'òtù ahụ ma si otú a mee ka ha ruo eru maka agba nke abụọ maka oge mbụ n'ime afọ 16.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria 2-3 Argentina|author=Saj Chowdhury|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285406|date=25 June 2014|accessdate=1 July 2014}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2015, Enyeama meriri Naịjirịa nke 100 ya na mmeri 1-0 nke Uganda. Ọ lara ezumike nká na bọọlụ mba ụwa na 8 Ọktoba 2015. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32070581|title=Uganda spoil Enyeama's 100th cap for Nigeria|date=26 March 2015|work=BBC|accessdate=13 February 2018}}</ref> == Profaịlụ onye ọkpụkpọ == === Ụdị egwuregwu === Onye na-eme egwuregwu na onye na-edebe goolu, a maara Enyeama karịsịa maka ezigbo mmeghachi omume ya na ikike ịgba égbè, nke mere ka o nwee ike ịmepụta ihe dị egwu, ma mee ka ọ dị irè na ikuku, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị ogologo maka onye na-eche goolu, na-eguzo na 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in). A makwaara ya maka ọsọ ya mgbe ọ na-agba ọsọ na akara ya, nke mere ka ọ sie ike n'ọnọdụ otu onye. Otú ọ dị, ọ maghị nke ọma n'ịgwọ obe, nke mere ka ndị ọkà mmụta nyochaa njikwa ya na ikike ịchịkwa mpaghara ya. Na mgbakwunye na ikike ya idebe goolu, ọ pụtakwara maka àgwà idu ndú ya n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ, yana ikike ya ịhazi nchekwa ya.<ref name="Adversity molded Enyeama">{{Cite web|title=Adversity molded Enyeama into leader|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37396019/adversity-molded-enyeama-leader|publisher=ESPN.com|accessdate=14 July 2025|language=en|date=16 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Profile: Vincent Enyeama|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/29851262|accessdate=14 July 2025|work=BBC Sport|date=10 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Doyle|first=Paul|title=Nigeria’s keeper Vincent Enyeama may need to lead from back against Bosnia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2014/jun/20/nigeria-keeper-vincent-enyeama-bosnia-rearguard-super-eagles-world-cup|accessdate=14 July 2025|work=The Guardian|date=20 June 2014}}</ref> === Ihe Nketa === A na-ewere Enyeama dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-edebe goolu kachasị ukwuu n'Africa n'oge niile <ref>{{Cite news|author=Rachini|first=Mouhamad|title=The 50: Top 10 African goalkeepers of all time.|url=https://btsgoalies.com/2020/04/19/top-10-african-goalkeepers/|accessdate=27 June 2025|work=Between the Sticks|date=19 April 2020}}</ref> na otu n'etiti ndị na-eche goolu kachasị mma n'oge ahụ. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Match of the Day Africa: Top 10 {{!}} Who is the greatest African goalkeeper?|url=https://www.bbc.com/audio/play/p0g8sgr3|accessdate=27 June 2025|work=BBC Audio|date=28 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Pitts|first=Johny|title=The Top Ten Black Goalkeepers of All Time – Afropean: your guide to the Afro European diaspora and beyond|url=https://afropean.com/the-top-ten-black-goalkeepers-of-all-time/|accessdate=27 June 2025|work=Afropean|date=2 July 2014}}</ref> N'afọ 2023, IFFHS họpụtara ya dị ka onye na-edebe goolu kachasị ukwuu n'Afrịka n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Vincent Enyeama ranked Africa's greatest goalkeeper|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/vincent-enyeama-ranked-africas-greatest-goalkeeper/|accessdate=27 June 2025|date=13 March 2023|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> A na-ewerekwa ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-edebe goolu kachasị mma na Ligue 1 n'oge ọ kachasị mma.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Dove|first=Ed|title=Power Ranking the Top 5 French Ligue 1 Goalkeepers|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1752642-power-ranking-the-top-5-french-ligue-1-goalkeepers|publisher=bleacherreport.com|accessdate=14 July 2025|language=en|date=3 June 2018}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Enyeama is a [[Efefe Kraịst|Christian]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria v Ethiopia: We can win World Cup - Victor Enyeama|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/24980992|publisher=BBC Sport|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=17 November 2013|accessdate=30 June 2014|archivedate=30 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630145514/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/24980992}}</ref> He is married and a father of three. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> N'afọ 2004, o nwere ihe mberede ụgbọ ala na [[Uyo]], Akwa Ibom State n'ebe ndịda Naịjirịa, ebe ndị njem ọgba tum tum abụọ nwụrụ. Onye ọkwọ ụgbọala nke Enyeama nọ na ya hapụrụ n'ọnọdụ dị egwu. N'agbanyeghị oke ihe mberede ahụ, Enyeama nwere mmerụ ahụ naanị mgbe ụgbọ ala ahụ wụpụrụ ugboro abụọ ka ọ na-agbagharị iji zere ọgba tum tum.<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3755782.stm|title=Enyeama escapes fatal crash|date=19 October 2004|accessdate=17 June 2010}}</ref> Nwa ya nwoke Godswill Enyeama bịanyere aka na Lille academy na 2024. Obe na-edebe goolu in), ọ tolitere na France ebe nna ya kwagara na 2011. Godswill bu ụzọ gbaa bọọlụ maka klọb amateur Croix nke dị n'Ógbè Lille ruo afọ asatọ tupu ọ banye na klọb ọkachamara mbụ nke nna ya.<ref>{{Cite news|language=fr|url=https://allezlille-stats.fr/formation-le-fils-de-vincent-enyeama-rejoint-le-centre-de-formation-du-losc|title=[FORMATION] Le fils de Vincent Enyeama rejoint le centre de formation du LOSC|date=25 July 2024|work=Allez Lille|accessdate=3 August 2024}}</ref><span ime="" span=""><nowiki>":"templatestyles","attrs":{"src":"Fraction/styles.css"},"body":{"extsrc":""},"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"height","href":"./Template:Height"},"params":{"m":{"wt":"1.94"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAQo" typeof="mw:Transclusion"> </nowiki></span> == Nsọpụrụ == '''Enyimba''' * Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria: 2001, 2002, 2003 * CAF Champions League: 2003, 2004 * Israel Premier League: 2009-102009–10 * Iko Mba Israel: 2009-10, 2010-112010–11 '''Maccabi Tel-Aviv''' * Israel Premier League: 2012-132012–13 After making his debut for the [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria national team]] against Kenya in May 2002,<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|title=Vincent Enyeama|accessdate=21 June 2014|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=189300/profile-detail.html|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Enyeama was selected for the 2002 FIFA World Cup as a cover for Ike Shorunmu. He made his competitive debut in that tournament, keeping a clean sheet against England in the third group match. After the retirement of Shorunmu, he became the first-choice goalkeeper for the national team, helping the Super Eagles to third place finishes in the 2004, 2006, 2010 Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, and captaining the team to victory of in the 2013 edition. He has also participated in the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, and the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.<ref name="fifa" /> * Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013 '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Onye egwuregwu nke CAF Champions League nke Afọ: 2003, 2004 * Onye na-agba bọọlụ nke Afọ na Israel: 2009 * UNFP Player of the Month: October 2013, November 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tropheesunfp.com/palmares/|title=Palmarès|accessdate=12 June 2021|archivedate=25 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525171309/https://www.tropheesunfp.com/palmares/}}</ref> * Ihe nrite Marc-Vivien Foé: 2013-14<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|author=Kalfa|first=David|date=12 May 2014|title=Les dessous du Prix Marc-Vivien Foé 2014|language=French|publisher=Radio France Internationale|url=http://afriquefoot.rfi.fr/20140509-dessous-prix-marc-vivien-foe-2014-vincent-enyeama/|accessdate=18 May 2015}}</ref> * Africa Cup of Nations Team nke asọmpi ahụ: 2004, 2013 <ref>{{Cite web|title=AFCON 2004: CAF Team of the Tournament|url=http://www1.rfi.fr/fichiers/sports/Can2004/breve332.asp|accessdate=2021-03-15|work=www1.rfi.fr|archivedate=4 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304012604/http://www1.rfi.fr/fichiers/sports/Can2004/breve332.asp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Orange CAF Africa Cup of Nations Awards|url=http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213062408/http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archivedate=13 February 2013|accessdate=10 February 2013|publisher=Orange Africa Cup of Nations South Africa 2013}}</ref> * Goalkeeper nke afọ Nigeria Pitch Awards: 2013, 2014 * Eze nke pitch Nigeria Pitch Awards: 2014 * Goal Nigeria Player of the Year: 2014 * IFFHS CAF Men's Team of the Decade 2011-2020 <ref>{{Cite web|date=28 January 2021|title=IFFHS (International Federation of Football for History & Statistics|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/926|accessdate=31 January 2021|work=IFFHS|archivedate=12 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612130142/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/926}}</ref> * IFFHS 2023 Machị: Onye na-edebe goolu kachasị ukwuu n'Afrịka n'oge niile. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Agberebi|first=James|date=2023-03-13|title=Enyeama Named Greatest African Goalkeeper Of All Time|url=https://www.completesports.com/enyeama-named-greatest-african-goalkeeper-of-all-time/|accessdate=2023-03-13|work=[[Complete Sports]]|language=en-US}}</ref> * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Hụkwa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> * Ndepụta nke ndị na-agba bọọlụ ụmụ nwoke nwere 100 ma ọ bụ karịa mba ụwa == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Vincent Enyeamana National-Football-Teams.com [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:All articles with unsourced statements]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q617m5uonyzulzj3iwtdmja8gjqhd82 0 75317 632327 2026-05-08T17:53:58Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1264718832|Paul Hamilton (footballer, born 1941)]]" 632327 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Ebiye Hamilton''' (31 Julaị 1941 - 30 Machị 2017) bụ [[Ndị Naijiria|Onye Naijiria]] na-agba bọọlụ na onye njikwa. Ọ nwụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ndị agha dị na Lagos, Naịjirịa. == Ọrụ == Ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ oge n'ọrụ ịgba bọọlụ ya (1961-1975) na NEPA Lagos. == Ọrụ nkuzi == Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nchịkwa nke otu mba U-20. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa n'afọ 1989 mana a chụrụ ya n'ọrụ na bọọdụ ka Naịjirịa erubeghị eru maka asọmpi Iko Mbaụwa nke afọ 1990. Ọ gara n'ihu chịa otu ụmụnwaanyị n'asọmpị iko mba ụwa nke mbụ ha. Ọ natara ikike nchịkwa UEFA n'oge okpomọkụ nke 2006. == Ndụ e mesịrị == A na-ekwu na a chọpụtara na ọ na-arịa ọrịa obi na akụrụ ọnwa ole na ole gara aga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.environewsnigeria.com/ex-eagles-coach-paul-hamilton-dies/|title=Ex-Eagles coach, Paul Hamilton, dies - EnviroNews Nigeria -|author=Simire|first=Michael|work=www.environewsnigeria.com|date=31 March 2017|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-05-14}}</ref> E gbupụrụ ya ụkwụ aka ekpe n'ihi ọtụtụ mmerụ ahụ. Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ rịasịrị ọrịa ogologo oge na Machị 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/super-eagles/news/170330/ExNigeria_coach_Hamilton_dies|title=Ex-Nigeria coach Hamilton dies|accessdate=2018-05-14|language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} nbtfflnexqrv1aoit6ryabkitsw13fw 0 75318 632329 2026-05-08T18:14:09Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352919711|Léo Wanner]]" 632329 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist|}}'''Léo Wanner''', née Léonie Joséphine Berger (5 Jenụwarị 1886 - 5 Nọvemba 1941), bụ onye Kọmunist nke France, onye na-emegide ndị Fascist, na onye na-egbochi ndị eze ukwu na onye nta akụkọ. Wanner duziri nkewa French nke League Against Imperialism na Colonial Oppression ma megide ndị ọchịchị [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], na [[Morocco]] site na ọrụ ya na akụkọ. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Léo Wanner na 1886 na Bourg-en-Bresse; <ref>{{Cite book|title=Acte de naissance à Bourg-en-Bresse en 1886 : n° 9|url=https://www.archives.ain.fr/ark:/22231/vtaefd52194f7b389b0/img:FRAD001_EC_BOURG-EN-BRESSE_1886-1886_N_006|date=5 January 1886|language=fr}}</ref> nne na nna ya abụọ bụ ndị na-elekọta ubi. <ref name="maitron">{{Cite web|title=WANNER Léo née BERGER Léonie|url=https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|first=Georges|author=Oved|work=maitron.fr|date=30 November 2010|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007014815/https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|archivedate=7 October 2025}}</ref> Alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya na Jean Faudrin biri na ịgba alụkwaghịm, ma mesịa lụọ onye injinia aha ya bụ Arthur Wanner.<ref name="death">{{Cite book|title=Acte de décès à Paris 5e : n° 1487|date=5 November 1941|language=fr|url=https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/etat-civil-de-paris/etat-civil-a-partir-de-1860/consulter-les-actes-detat-civil?arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--ficheFocus=&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=05&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--from=1300&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--resultSize=100&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--contenuIds%5B%5D=10873331&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--modeRestit=arko_default_64ca1b2347e81#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5/arko_fiche_6703cf987a333/arko_default_64ca1b1754490/image/289789|accessdate=22 April 2026}}</ref> Léo Wanner na di ya nke abụọ nwere mmekọrịta hà nhata, nke na-adịghị ahụkebe n'oge ahụ.<ref name="cairn">{{Cite journal|title=Léo Wanner : une Française des années 1920 et 1930 bien dérangeante|pages=60–63|journal=Matériaux pour l'histoire de notre temps|url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-materiaux-pour-l-histoire-de-notre-temps-2018-3-page-60|volume=129–130|doi=10.3917/mate.129.0060|accessdate=5 April 2026|date=2018|language=fr}}</ref> Na July 1925, Wanner sonyeere ngalaba French nke Workers' International (SFIO).<ref name="maitron">{{Cite web|title=WANNER Léo née BERGER Léonie|url=https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|first=Georges|author=Oved|work=maitron.fr|date=30 November 2010|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007014815/https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|archivedate=7 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="cairn">{{Cite journal|title=Léo Wanner : une Française des années 1920 et 1930 bien dérangeante|pages=60–63|journal=Matériaux pour l'histoire de notre temps|url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-materiaux-pour-l-histoire-de-notre-temps-2018-3-page-60|volume=129–130|doi=10.3917/mate.129.0060|accessdate=5 April 2026|date=2018|language=fr}}</ref> O sonyere na ngagharị iwe ụmụ nwanyị na [[Lyon]], mana ndị otu ibe ya, bụ ndị o kwenyere na ha bụ ndị ọgaranya ma ghara ịdị n'otu na ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ, nwere nkụda mmụọ.<ref name="cairn" /> Ọ katọkwara ndị otu a maka ikwu okwu banyere [[Nnyocha ụmụ nwanyị|Ikike ụmụ nwanyị nwere ịtụ vootu]] na nzuzo, mana, n'ihu ọha, na-akwado usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma na-eme ihere iji arụmụka ma ọ bụ na-eme ka mgbanwe.<ref name="cairn" /> N'ikpeazụ, ya na di ya kwagara Paris na 1928, na-enwe olileanya maka itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref name="cairn" /> Wanner sonyeere ngalaba French nke Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, ma ọ bụ Ligue internationale des femmes pour la paix et la liberté (LIFPL). Ọ ghọrọ onye so na kọmitii ndị isi nke nzukọ ahụ wee malite akwụkwọ akụkọ nọọrọ onwe ya nke a na-akpọ SOS Informations na 1930. O ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi kwuo banyere ọnọdụ ya na arụmụka LIFPL, nke kpatara esemokwu n'ime nzukọ ahụ. [1] Na 1927, ọ kwadoro mkpebi LIFPL iji katọọ mbuso agha ọdịda anyanwụ nke USSR. [1] Na arụmụka ọzọ na 1932, ọ rụrụ ụka na nzukọ ahụ kwesịrị ikwupụta nkwado ya maka China na Japan na esemokwu Sino-Japanese, n'agbanyeghị arịrịọ sitere n'aka ndị òtù LIFPL ndị ọzọ ka ha ghara ịnọpụ iche. [[Faịlụ:Léo_Wanner_in_Syria.jpg|alt=Léo Wanner in Syria in 1934|áká_èkpè|thumb|Léo Wanner (n'aka nri) na Siria na 1934<ref name="wanner">{{Cite news|title=Fascisme et colonialisme|work=Les Femmes dans l'action mondiale|date=1 November 1934|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4552729w/f6.item|page=6|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr}}</ref>]] Na June 1933, o sonyeere kọmitii nke Comité mondial des femmes contre la guerre et le fascisme (transl. World Committee for Women Against War and Fascism) iji nyochaa "udo" nke ndị Moroccan. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe ya, nke e bipụtara na L'Humanité en Monde, ọ katọrọ Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas maka irite uru na ọrụ ndị agha na Morocco, ma katọọ mmegide nke òtù mba Moroccan nke na-etolite na Fez. Ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ ndị Kọmunist mbụ ji obi ọmịiko dee banyere ngagharị nnwere onwe Moroccan. Na May 1934, Wanner kwuru okwu na nnọkọ mgbochi ndị Fascist na Vincennes na Cirque d'Hiver. Na Septemba nke afọ ahụ, o hiwere kọmitii na LIFPL iji nyere ndị ogbenye na ndị a na-emegbu emegbu aka na Tunisia. Mgbe e mesịrị na Nọvemba, Wanner bipụtara otu akụkọ na Les femmes dans l'action mondiale nke na-akọwa ụnwụ nke gọọmenti na-achị achị kpatara na mmegide ndị agha na-eme ihe ike nke ndị Tunisia, ọ gbakwara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha kwado mmegide megide ọchịchị France na Tunisia. [[Faịlụ:Léo_Wanner_Congress_Soviet_Taskent_1935.jpg|alt=|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Léo Wanner na ndị nnọchi anya Uzbek na 5th Congress of Soviets na Tashkent na 1935 <ref>{{Cite news|title=Le Voyage en U.R.S.S.|work=Les Femmes dans l'action mondiale|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4552732c/f6|date=15 May 1935|page=6|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr}}</ref>]] Na Maachị 1936, ọ zutere Shakib Arslan na Geneva. Wanner gara North Africa ya na Robert-Jean Longuet, nwa nwa Karl Marx, iji zute ndị isi nke ngagharị nnwere onwe. N'August 1936, ya na Longuet zutere Mohamed Hassan Ouazzani na Fez, na ebe ahụ bụ Spanish Protectorate nke Morocco, iji hazie iguzogide ndị Francoists na Comité d'action marocaine (transl. Committee for Moroccan Action). Wanner jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke (transl. Kọmitii International maka Ncheba nke Ndị Etiopia). <ref name="maitron">{{Cite web|title=WANNER Léo née BERGER Léonie|url=https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|first=Georges|author=Oved|work=maitron.fr|date=30 November 2010|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007014815/https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|archivedate=7 October 2025}}</ref> Wanner nwụrụ na 5 Nọvemba 1941 n'ụlọ ya na Paris.<ref name="death">{{Cite book|title=Acte de décès à Paris 5e : n° 1487|date=5 November 1941|language=fr|url=https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/etat-civil-de-paris/etat-civil-a-partir-de-1860/consulter-les-actes-detat-civil?arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--ficheFocus=&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=05&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--from=1300&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--resultSize=100&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--contenuIds%5B%5D=10873331&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--modeRestit=arko_default_64ca1b2347e81#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5/arko_fiche_6703cf987a333/arko_default_64ca1b1754490/image/289789|accessdate=22 April 2026}}<cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/etat-civil-de-paris/etat-civil-a-partir-de-1860/consulter-les-actes-detat-civil?arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--ficheFocus=&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=05&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--from=1300&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--resultSize=100&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--contenuIds%5B%5D=10873331&arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--modeRestit=arko_default_64ca1b2347e81#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5/arko_fiche_6703cf987a333/arko_default_64ca1b1754490/image/289789 ''Acte de décès à Paris 5e : n° 1487''] (in French). </cite></ref> E liri ya na ili ozu Ivry . <ref>{{Cite book|title=Registres journaliers d'inhumation à Cimetiére d'Ivry : n° d'ordre 986|url=https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/sources-genealogiques-complementaires/cimetieres-et-pompes-funebres/cimetieres/consulter-les-registres-journaliers-dinhumation?arko_default_64c11d444499f--ficheFocus=&arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc9b02%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc9b02%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=1941%7C1941&arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc9b02%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=slider&arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc376e%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc376e%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=1941&arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc376e%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=input&arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabb5212%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabb5212%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=Ivry&arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabb5212%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&arko_default_64c11d444499f--from=0&arko_default_64c11d444499f--resultSize=25&arko_default_64c11d444499f--contenuIds%5B%5D=10841969&arko_default_64c11d444499f--modeRestit=arko_default_64c11df9e0c32#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64c11d444499f/arko_fiche_64c11b6b3bc0e/arko_default_64c11e4ac8248/image/79042|date=7 November 1941|accessdate=22 April 2026|language=fr}}</ref> == Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] 9adxg3pnuejlw53kdmwwqp1f5449kh9 0 75319 632330 2026-05-08T18:15:22Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345507549|Justine Madugu]]" 632330 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Justin Pwanidi Madugu''' (amụrụ na 19 Jenụwarị 1964) bụ onye njikwa bọọlụ na onye ọrụ Naijiria. Ọ bụ onye njikwa [[Ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Naịjirịa|Ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa]] ugbu a. == Ọrụ njikwa == Madugu ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị nkuzi nke otu ụmụnwaanyị Naịjirịa site n'afọ 2012 gawa. Ọ kụzikwara ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa ruo opekata mpe afọ 2018. O mechara zụọ Adamawa United <ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2023-08-05|author=Tunde Williams|date=2021-06-14|language=en-US|title=Coach Justine Madugu savors important win over River United|url=https://www.brila.net/coach-justine-madugu-savors-important-win-over-river-united/|work=Latest Sports News In Nigeria}}</ref> wee laghachi n'òtù ụmụ nwanyị nke Naijiria na Nọvemba 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2023-08-05|author=admin|date=2021-11-05|language=en-US|title=NEW SUPER FALCONS COACHES BRING NEW VISION TO TEAM|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/new-super-falcons-coaches-bring-new-vision-to-team/|work=The Street Journal}}</ref> E depụtakwara ya dị ka onye nkuzi Plateau United maka oge 2022-23. O sonyere ndị otu ahụ na Confederation Cup na Champions League . <ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2023-08-05|language=de|title=Justine Pwanidi Madugu Trainer Plateau Utd: Titel, Karriere, Alter|url=https://www.fussballtransfers.com/trainer/justine-pwanidi-madugu}}</ref> Na June 2023, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ego nke Naịjirịa FA . <ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2023-08-05|date=2023-06-23|language=en-GB|title=Adamawa born Justin emerges Fin Sec of Nigeria Football coaches Association|url=https://tgnews.com.ng/2023/06/23/adamawa-born-justin-emerges-fin-sec-of-nigeria-football-coaches-association/|work=TG NEWS}}</ref> N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2025, a họpụtara Madugu maka onyinye Ballon d'Or Women's Team Coach of the Year. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Ubanagu|first=Makua|date=2025-08-07|title=Super Falcons coach Madugu nominated for 2025 Ballon d’Or award|url=https://punchng.com/super-falcons-coach-madugu-nominated-for-2025-ballon-dor-award/|accessdate=2025-08-07|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Nlebem|first=Anthony|date=2025-08-07|title=Super Falcons' Nnadozie, Madugu nominated for 2025 Ballon d’Or awards|url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/super-falcons-nnadozie-madugu-nominated-for-2025-ballon-dor-awards/|accessdate=2025-08-07|work=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == === Onye njikwa === '''Mba Nile''' * Iko Mba Afrịka nke ụmụ nwanyị: 2024 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] m3hx4a0knbg9sgfb4q1t03qwaho9o9d 0 75320 632331 2026-05-08T18:23:04Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342447257|Efe Ambrose]]" 632331 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}  '''Efe Eric Ambrose''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Obefelix-Efe Ambrose.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ n'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1988) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere Port Glasgow. Ambrose agbaala bọọlụ maka Kaduna United, Bayelsa United, klọb Israel Ashdod, klọbu Scotland Celtic, Hibernian, Livingston, St Johnstone na Dunfermline Athletic, Greenock Morton na klọb English Derby County. Ambrose agbaala bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa, ọ nọchitekwara anya Naịjiria na FIFA Under-20 World Cup, Summer Olympics, Africa Cup of Nations, na FIFA World Cup. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ mmalite === Ambrose malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Kaduna United na 2006 ma afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, a gbazinyere ya Bayelsa United maka oge 2008-09 mana ọ nọgidere na KadunaUnited mgbe o nyesịrị ha aka inweta nkwalite.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200809120376.html|title=Nigeria: Bayelsa Grab Ambrose, Keep Okonkwo|date=12 September 2008|accessdate=5 May 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007232840/http://allafrica.com/stories/200809120376.html|archivedate=7 October 2012}}</ref> === FC Ashdod === === Ndị Celt === Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Scottish Premier League Celtic n'ụbọchị a kara aka n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2012, na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19441365|title=Celtic: Efe Ambrose completes move from Ashdod|publisher=BBC Sport|date=31 August 2012|accessdate=2 September 2012}}</ref> Mgbe ọ sonyeere klọb ahụ, Ambrose toro ndị otu ọhụrụ ya na Celtic maka inyere ya aka ibi na Glasgow ngwa ngwa.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose thanks his teammates for helping him settle in at Celtic Park|url=http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/celtic/192046-efe-ambrose-thanks-his-teammates-for-helping-him-settle-in-at-celtic-park/|publisher=STV Sport|date=26 September 2012|accessdate=27 September 2012}}</ref> Ambrose kpughekwara na ọ mụrụ bọọlụ Britain iji sonye na Celtic site n'ịhụ egwuregwu Scottish Premier League na English Premier League na TV mgbe ọ nụrụ banyere mmasị Celtic nwere n'ebe ọ nọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose reveals he studied British football ahead of move to Celtic|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/efe-ambrose-reveals-he-studied-british-1345488|work=Daily Record|date=27 September 2012|accessdate=27 September 2012}}</ref> Ambrose mere nke mbụ ya na 22 Septemba 2012 dị ka onye nọchiri onye isi Celtic Scott Brown megide Dundee na Scottish Premier League, mmeri 2-0.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Efe Ambrose|url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player.php?playerid=3073|publisher=Fitba Stats|accessdate=28 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915152458/http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player.php?playerid=3073|archivedate=15 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Egbe|first=Uche George|title=Ambrose debuts in Scotland|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/30472/ambrose-efe-debuts-in-scotland-for-celtic|work=Kick Off|accessdate=28 May 2014|date=23 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127011705/http://www.kickoff.com/news/30472/ambrose-efe-debuts-in-scotland-for-celtic|archivedate=27 November 2012}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya zuru oke megide Raith Rovers na Scottish League Cup, na mmeri 4-1. Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Celtic na mmeri 5-0 megide St Mirren na 20 Ọktoba 2012, na-eme emume goolu ahụ site na somersault anọ.<ref name="Somersault">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19939572|title=St Mirren 0–5 Celtic|publisher=BBC Sport|date=20 October 2012|accessdate=25 March 2017}}</ref> Ambrose gara n'ihu mee egwuregwu Champions League mbụ ya maka Celtic, ebe ọ gbara nkeji 90 na mmeri 3-2 megide Spartak Moscow.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose's Celtic shock Spartak|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/europe/uefa-champions-league/news/2012/oct/02-efe-ambroses-celtic-shock-spartak.html|work=MTN Football|date=2 October 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}</ref> N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2012, Ambrose gbara goolu nke ya, na 2-2 draw megide Dundee United. Mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, Ambrose kwuru na ọ dara ala ma chee na ọ gaara ewepụ bọọlụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Celtic's Efe Ambrose pledges to make amends for last minute Tannadice shocker|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/celtics-efe-ambrose-pledges-to-make-1419159|work=Daily Record|date=6 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}</ref> N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2012, n'ihu egwuregwu Champions League megide Barcelona, Ambrose kwere nkwa inye klọb ahụ arụmọrụ kachasị mma. <ref>{{Cite news|title=I will play the 'game of my life' against Barcelona, says Celtic defender Ambrose|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2914/champions-league/2012/11/07/3508603/i-will-play-the-game-of-my-life-against-barcelona-says|work=Goal.com|date=7 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}</ref> Mgbe ndị egwuregwu Celtic rụchara ọrụ dị egwu, ha meriri 2-1 ma Ambrose kwuru na imeri Barcelona bụ 'ụzọ zuru oke iji mee emume ncheta afọ 125 nke Celtic. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose: Celtic win over Barca was perfect 125th birthday pressie|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/efe-ambrose-celtic-win-over-1426600|work=Daily Record|date=9 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}</ref> N'asọmpi otu Champions League, Celtic tozuru oke n'ọkwa knockout wee zute otu Juventus nke Italy. N'ụkwụ nke mbụ, a kpọrọ Ambrose aha n'òtù ndị ahụ tupu egwuregwu ahụ, nanị ụbọchị atọ ka Nigeria nwesịrị iko mba Africa, Ambrose kpọkwara nkeji 90 zuru ezu n'ikpeazụ.[1] Otú ọ dị, Ambrose mehiere ọtụtụ ihe n'oge egwuregwu ahụ, na-ekwe ka Alessandro Matri (ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ) na Mirko Vučinić (ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke atọ) mee ka ọ dị mfe. Ọ tụfuru ohere kacha mma ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ nwere iji nweta akara n'oge egwuregwu ahụ. Onye otu ibe ya Kris Commons katọrọ arụmọrụ ya. Ọ bụ ezie na a katọrọ Ambrose, Kelvin Wilson gbachiteere ya, onye kwenyere na Ambrose ga-alaghachi azụ n'omume na-akụda mmụọ ya. Ambrose mere mpụta mbụ ya na asọmpi otu na-esote mgbe ọ gbara Celtic na mmeri 6–2 meriri Dundee United. Neil Lennon toro ọrụ Ambrose (yana Commons). Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, o mere ngosipụta ọzọ, na 1–1 sere megide St Johnstone. Tupu ụkwụ nke abụọ megide Juventus, Ambrose kwuru na nkatọ Commons kpaliri ya ịghọ onye ọkpụkpọ ka mma. Mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, nke Juventus meriri 2-0 wee banye na nkeji iri na ise, Neil Lennon kwuru na Ambrose abịarutela n'oge maka ọzụzụ ma hapụ ụgbọ ala ndị otu na họtel ma hapụ ya ka ọ nweta tagzi. Lennon kwukwara na Ambrose kwesịrị "ịpụ na ya". Ambrose nwetara nkatọ siri ike site n'aka ndị na-akwado ya na ndị ọkachamara maka arụmọrụ na njehie na-adịghị mma ugboro ugboro nke dugara na ebumnuche ndị mmegide.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="379" href="./Brendan_Rodgers" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Brendan Rodgers">Brendan Rodgers' Celtic team selection<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;last<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Verrall<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;first<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;John<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;13 July 2016<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;publisher<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[HITC]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;access-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;4 August 2016<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;archive-url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20160714152452/http://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2016/07/13/john-hartson-criticises-brendan-rodgers-celtic-team-selection/&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;archive-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;14</nowiki> July 2016<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url-status<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;live<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwBJM\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt74\" class=\"citation news cs1\" id=\"CITEREFVerrall2016\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Verrall, John (13 July 2016). </cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-21" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Efe_Ambrose#cite_note-21 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/opinion/sport/hotline/celtic-defender-efe-ambrose-not-8533674|title=Celtic defender Efe Ambrose is not an accident waiting to happen ... he's an accident that's already happened|author=Gannon|first=Michael|date=31 July 2016|work=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]|publisher=[[Trinity Mirror]]|accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> N'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2016, mgbe ọ kwụsịrị n'òtù mbụ na Celtic n'okpuru onye njikwa ọhụrụ bụ Brendan Rodgers, Celtic nabatara onyinye £ 300,000 maka Ambrose site na Standard Liège, mana nkwekọrịta ahụ dara mgbe ọ họọrọ ịnọ na Celtic Park.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37239566|title=Celtic: Jozo Simunovic and Efe Ambrose deals fall through|author=Sutherland|first=Jonathan|date=31 August 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=31 August 2016}}</ref> N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2017, atụmatụ ịgbazinye ego nke Ambrose na Blackburn Rovers dara, mgbe klọb ahụ enweghị ike inweta ikike ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39106836|title=Efe Ambrose: Blackburn cancel Celtic defender's loan move|publisher=BBC Sport|date=27 February 2017|accessdate=27 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301181934/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39106836|archivedate=1 March 2017}}</ref> === Hibernian === Na 28 February 2017, Ambrose sonyeere Hibernian na mbinye ego maka oge fọdụrụnụ. Ambrose gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Hibs na 25 Maachị, goolu mmalite na asọmpi 2–1 Scottish meriri Falkirk. Ọ meriri ihe nrite onye ọkpụkpọ asọmpi nke ọnwa nke Scottish maka Maachị 2017. Mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Celtic gwụrụ na ngwụcha oge ahụ, Ambrose bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Hibernian.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hibernianfc.co.uk/news/7594|title=Efe Ambrose signs two-year deal with Hibernian|work=Hibernian FC|date=8 June 2017|accessdate=8 June 2017}}</ref> Ambrose gosipụtara otu nkwekọrịta na nkwekọrịta ya wee hapụ Hibernian na Jenụwarị 2019, n'agbanyeghị na klọb ahụ nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46759961|title=Hibernian: Efe Ambrose triggers contract clause to leave Easter Road|publisher=BBC Sport|date=4 January 2019|accessdate=4 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124034/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46759961|archivedate=4 January 2019}}</ref> === Obodo Derby === N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2019, Ambrose gara ikpe na EFL Championship club Derby County . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47169407|title=Efe Ambrose: Derby County take an ex-Celtic and Hibernian defender on trial|publisher=BBC Sport|date=8 February 2019|accessdate=8 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123941/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47169407|archivedate=9 February 2019}}</ref> Ka e mesịrị n'ọnwa ahụ, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nwa oge na klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47254529|title=Efe Ambrose: Derby County complete deal for former Hibernian defender|publisher=BBC Sport|date=15 February 2019|accessdate=15 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215232420/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47254529|archivedate=15 February 2019}}</ref> Derby County tọhapụrụ ya na ngwụcha oge 2018-19. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48503980|title=Ashley Cole: Former England left-back set to retire after Derby exit|date=3 June 2019|accessdate=4 June 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608031618/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48503980|archivedate=8 June 2019}}</ref> === Livingston === Mgbe ọtụtụ ọnwa na-enweghị klọb, Ambrose bịanyere aka na Livingston na Febụwarị 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hibs/efe-ambrose-joins-livingston-and-could-make-debut-against-hibs-1848723|title=Efe Ambrose joins Livingston - and could make debut against Hibs|first=Alan|author=Temple|work=Edinburgh Evening News|date=18 February 2020|accessdate=18 February 2020}}</ref> Na Mee 2021, Ambrose bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu ole na ole Livingston tọhapụrụ na ngwụcha oge 2020-21.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bt.com/sport/news/2021/may/efe-ambrose-and-jay-emmanuel-thomas-among-players-released-by-livingston|title=Efe Ambrose and Jay Emmanuel-Thomas among players released by Livingston|work=bt.com|date=18 May 2021|accessdate=22 August 2021}}</ref> === St Johnstone === Na Septemba 2021, Ambrose bịanyere aka na St Johnstone nke Scottish Premiership.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 September 2021|title=Efe Ambrose Signs For Saints|url=https://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/news/article/efe-ambrose-signs-for-saints|accessdate=10 September 2021|work=perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk}}</ref> ==== Dunfermline ==== Na 4 Febụwarị 2022, Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Scottish Championship Dunfermline Athletic na mgbazinye ruo na ngwụcha oge 2021-22. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dafc.co.uk/story.php?t=Efe_Ambrose_arrives_on_loan&ID=13610|title=Efe Ambrose arrives on loan|publisher=Dunfermline Athletic FC|date=4 February 2022|accessdate=4 February 2022}}</ref> === Greenock Morton === Ambrose bịanyere aka na Greenock Morton na 26 Ọktoba 2022 na nkwekọrịta ruo na ngwụcha oge. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gmfc.net/efe-ambrose-signs-for-morton/|title=Efe Ambrose signs for Morton|publisher=Greenock Morton FC|date=26 October 2022}}</ref> Ambrose ga-eme nke mbụ ya megide Inverness Caledonian Thistle, karịsịa ịbụ onye a kpọrọ nwoke nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe Morton meriri 4-0.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Morton up to second after thrashing Inverness|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63339709|accessdate=2023-07-20}}</ref> Ambrose gbakwara goolu mbụ na naanị goolu Morton meriri 2-1 n'ụlọ megide Partick Thistle.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Morton beat Thistle to narrow Ayr's lead at top|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63524051|accessdate=2023-07-20}}</ref> Ambrose mere ngụkọta nke ugboro iri na anọ maka Morton na asọmpi niile, tupu a mara ọkwa na ọ ga-ahapụ klọb ahụ mgbe nkwekọrịta ya gwụsịrị. === Eze Nwanyị nke Ndịda === Na 25 Julaị 2023, Ambrose bịanyere aka na Queen of the South ruo 31 Disemba 2023. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/news-6145|title=QosFC: Welcome - Efe Ambrose}}</ref> === Ebe a na-eli ozu === Na 8 June 2024, Ambrose sonyeere North West Counties Football League Premier Division nke Bury.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://buryfc.co.uk/incoming-efe-ambrose/|title=Incoming: Efe Ambrose|work=buryfc.co.uk|date=8 June 2024|accessdate=8 June 2024}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, Bury kwupụtara na Ambrose ga-ahapụ klọb ahụ Igbe FA gachara egwuregwu FA Vase n'ụbọchị na-esote. Ebe ọ nọgidere na-ebi na Scotland, njem gaa Bury abụghịzi nhọrọ dị mma maka Ambrose na ezinụlọ ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://buryfc.co.uk/efe-ambrose-departs/|title=Efe Ambrose Departs|work=buryfc.co.uk|date=23 August 2024|accessdate=27 August 2024}}</ref> === Workington === N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Northern Premier League Premier Division Workington . === Glasgow United === Ambrose bịanyere aka na Glasgow United na July 2025. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Efe Ambrose plays for Glasgow United against Ardeer Thistle|url=https://www.ardrossanherald.com/sport/25344845.efe-ambrose-plays-glasgow-united-ardeer-thistle/|publisher=Ardrossan Herald|date=28 July 2025}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ambrose bụ onye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naijiria na 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup na Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flying Eagles' Star Class of 2007: Where Are They Now? {{!}} Wolexis Sports Blog|url=http://www.wolexis.com/2016/01/flying-eagles-star-class-of-2007-where.html|work=www.wolexis.com|accessdate=15 January 2016|date=15 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118021925/http://www.wolexis.com/2016/01/flying-eagles-star-class-of-2007-where.html|archivedate=18 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="fifa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273291/index.html|title=FIFA Tournaments|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=2 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702081204/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273291/index.html|archivedate=2 July 2015}}</ref> O mechara nọchite anya Naijiria U-23 ma gbaa egwuregwu abụọ na 2008 Summer Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/10072008/news/sports7.html|title=Sports 7|accessdate=9 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216235610/http://www.tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/|archivedate=16 February 2013}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113015637/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20970786|archivedate=13 January 2013}}</ref> Na Africa Cup of Nations, Ambrose gbara ise n'ime egwuregwu isii maka Naịjirịa, na-egwuri egwu n'ọnọdụ azụ aka nri, gụnyere nke ikpeazụ nke ọ malitere. Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gasịrị, a kpọrọ Ambrose aha na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Mikel, Moses, Emenike, Pitroipa named in CAF Team of Tournament|url=http://premiumtimesng.com/sports/119745-mikel-moses-emenike-pitroipa-named-in-caf-team-of-tournament.html|publisher=[[Premium Times]] Nigeria|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=13 February 2013}}</ref> Ambrose na-ekwu na mmeri nke Africa Cup of Nations bụ nnukwu ihe ọ rụzuru na otu n'ime oge kachasị ukwuu nke ndụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ambrose: We leave as giants|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=2010179/?intcmp=newsreader_news_box_3|publisher=FIFA.com|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=13 February 2013}}</ref> A họpụtara ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613165542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22827902|archivedate=13 June 2013}}</ref> na 2014 FIFA World Cup . A họpụtabeghị Ambrose kemgbe 2016, n'ihi na ọ tụfuru ọnọdụ ya na Celtic. Ọ na-egwuri egwu mgbe niile maka Hibernian n'oge oge 2017-18, mana echetaghị ya maka ndị otu 2018 FIFA World Cup. <ref name="2018 world cup">{{Cite news|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hibs/cammy-bell-departs-hibs-as-efe-ambrose-call-is-slammed-1-4741672|title=Cammy Bell departs Hibs as Efe Ambrose call is slammed|work=Edinburgh Evening News|first=Anthony|author=Brown|date=19 May 2018|accessdate=19 May 2018}}</ref> Onye bụbu onye njikwa Naijiria bụ Samson Siasia katọrọ mkpebi a, onye chere na ahụmịhe Ambrose ga-aba uru.<ref name="2018 world cup" /> == Ụdị egwuregwu == Ambrose na-egwuri egwu mgbe niile dị ka onye na-agbachitere ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa ma nwee ike igwu egwu dị ka onye nọ n'etiti ma ọ bụ n'azụ aka nri, na-eme ya na Israel Premier League na FC Ashdod . A na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti, a maara Efe maka ịdị jụụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Fisher|first=Stewart|title=Ambrose and Wilson making strong case for the Celtic Defence|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/ambrose-and-wilson-making-strong-case-for-the-celtic-defence.19253437|work=Herald Scotland|accessdate=6 December 2013|date=25 October 2012}}</ref> Ọ na-emekarị somersault mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu.<ref name="Somersault">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19939572|title=St Mirren 0–5 Celtic|publisher=BBC Sport|date=20 October 2012|accessdate=25 March 2017}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19939572 "St Mirren 0–5 Celtic"]. </cite></ref><ref name="falkirk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39313250|title=Hibernian 2–1 Falkirk|publisher=BBC Sport|first=Brian|author=McLauchlin|date=25 March 2017|accessdate=25 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325152602/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39313250|archivedate=25 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stv.tv/sport/football/clubs/celtic/195770-neil-lennon-holds-breath-over-efe-ambroses-somersault-celebration/|title=Neil Lennon holds breath over Efe Ambrose's somersault celebration|publisher=STV Sport|date=20 October 2012|accessdate=25 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326135524/https://stv.tv/sport/football/clubs/celtic/195770-neil-lennon-holds-breath-over-efe-ambroses-somersault-celebration/|archivedate=26 March 2017}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {{updated|2 October 2021}}<ref>{{Soccerbase|id=67424|name=Efe Ambrose}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="4" |Ashdod |2010–11 |Njikọ Premier nke Israel |31 |1 |6 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |39 |1 |- |2011–12 |Njikọ Premier nke Israel |35 |2 |1 |0 |4 |2 | colspan="2" | - |40 |4 |- |2012–13 |Njikọ Premier nke Israel |1 |0 |3 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !67 !3 !10 !0 !6 !2 ! colspan="2" |- !83 !5 |- | rowspan="6" |Ndị Celt |2012–13 |Njikọ Premier nke Scotland |27 |3 |5 |0 |2 |0 |7[a] |0 |41 |3 |- |2013–14 |Onye isi ala Scotland |38 |2 |2 |0 |1 |0 |10[a] |1 |51 |3 |- |2014–15 |Onye isi ala Scotland |27 |0 |3 |0 |2 |0 |11[b] |0 |43 |0 |- |2015–16 |Onye isi ala Scotland |21 |0 |2 |0 |2 |0 |6[c] |0 |31 |0 |- |2016–17 |Onye isi ala Scotland |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2[d] |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !113 !5 !12 !0 !7 !0 !36 !1 !168 !6 |- |Hibernian (onye a gbazitere) |2016–17 |Mmeri Scotland |10 |1 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |12 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |Hibernian |2017–18 |Onye isi ala Scotland |38 |2 |1 |0 |6 |1 | colspan="2" | - |45 |3 |- |2018–19 |Onye isi ala Scotland |21 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |6[e] |2 |29 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !59 !2 !1 !0 !8 !1 !6 !2 !74 !5 |- |Obodo Derby |2018–19 |Mmeri |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Livingston |2019–20 |Onye isi ala Scotland |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |- |2020–21 |Onye isi ala Scotland |22 |0 |0 |0 |6 |0 | colspan="2" | - |28 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !25 !0 !0 !0 !6 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !31 !0 |- |St Johnstone |2021–22 |Onye isi ala Scotland |3 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |4 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !274 !11 !25 !0 !27 !3 !42 !3 !368 !17 |}   === Mpụta mba ụwa === {{updated|match played 29 March 2016}}<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player |id=3850|name=Ambrose, Efe |access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="9" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2008 |1 |0 |- |2009 | colspan="2" |&#x2D; |- |2010 | colspan="2" |&#x2D; |- |2011 |10 |0 |- |2012 |5 |1 |- |2013 |17 |0 |- |2014 |13 |1 |- |2015 |3 |2 |- |2016 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !51 !4 |} === Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa === : ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.'' {| class="wikitable" !# !Ụbọchị !Ebe a na-anọ !Onye mmegide !Ihe ruru !Nsonaazụ !Ịsọ mpi |- |1. |13 Ọktoba 2012 |U.J. Esuene Stadium, [[Calabar]], Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] | Liberia | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |6–1 |2013 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- |2. |6 Septemba 2014 |U.J. Esuene Stadium, Calabar, Nigeria | Congo | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–3 |2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru |- |3. |11 Ọktoba 2015 |Edmond Machtens Stadium, Brussels, [[Belgium]] | Cameroon | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |3–0 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- |4. |17 Nọvemba 2015 |[[Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium]], Port Harcourt, Nigeria | Swaziland | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 |2018 FIFA World Cup iru eru |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Bayelsa''' * Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria: 2008-09 * Iko Mba Naịjirịa: 2010 * Onye isi ala Scotland: 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-162015–16 * Iko Scotland: 2012-13<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hibernian 0–3 Celtic|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22585339|publisher=BBC Sport|author=Lamont|first=Alasdair|date=26 May 2013|accessdate=2 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316081014/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22585339|archivedate=16 March 2016}}</ref> * Iko Njikọ Scotland: 2014-15<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dundee United 0–2 Celtic|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31785677|publisher=BBC Sport|author=Wilson|first=Richard|date=15 March 2015|accessdate=2 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003180004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31785677|archivedate=3 October 2017}}</ref> * Mmeri Scotland: 2016-17<ref name="BBC39536738">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39536738|title=Hibernian 3–0 Queen of the South|first=Brian|author=McLauchlin|publisher=BBC Sport|date=15 April 2017|accessdate=16 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415171226/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39536738|archivedate=15 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deadlinenews.co.uk/2017/04/27/hibs-defender-efe-ambrose-qualifies-collect-championship-winners-medal-missing-medal-celtic/?platform=hootsuite|title=Hibs defender Efe Ambrose qualifies to collect Championship winner's medal after missing out on medal at Celtic|first=Darren|author=Johnstone|work=Deadline News|date=27 April 2017|accessdate=28 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021190844/http://www.deadlinenews.co.uk/2017/04/27/hibs-defender-efe-ambrose-qualifies-collect-championship-winners-medal-missing-medal-celtic/?platform=hootsuite|archivedate=21 October 2018}}</ref> * Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013 * UEFA Champions League Team of the Week: (Izu 3, 2012-13) * Africa Cup of Nations Team nke asọmpi ahụ: 2013<ref>{{Cite web|title=Orange CAF Africa Cup of Nations Awards|url=http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213062408/http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archivedate=13 February 2013|accessdate=10 February 2013|publisher=Orange Africa Cup of Nations South Africa 2013}}</ref> * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Aga m agba goolu ndị ọzọ maka Eagles - Ambrose E debere ya na Wayback Machine * Efe Ambrosen'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ * Efe Ambrosena National-Football-Teams.com * Efe AmbrosenaESPN FC [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5oixkbdwacqse4ontccmcv2oab6medd 0 75321 632332 2026-05-08T18:55:37Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345762203|Christopher Danjuma]]" 632332 wikitext text/x-wiki Christopher Musa Danjuma bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke Nasarawa Amazons na Nigeria Premier League ụmụ nwanyị. Kemgbe August 2017, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Nigeria Women's Under-20 National Football Team na-agbaso ndụmọdụ ya na nhọpụta ya nke Nigeria Football Federation. Ọ zụburu otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa, na-esochi ọchụpụrụ Edwin Okon na June 2015. E wepụrụ ya n'ọrụ ya ka egwuregwu Africa 2015 gasịrị, Florence Omagbemi weghaara onye njikwa na February 2016. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] k9wn99kkimfb2ttym23zu9rt7um7rp2 0 75322 632334 2026-05-08T19:08:25Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1328455455|Ekigho Ehiosun]]" 632334 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{updated|match played 17 May 2019}}<ref>{{cite web|title=E.Ehiosun|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/ekigho-ehiosun/176152/|website=soccerway.com|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=22 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="NFT Stats"/>'''Ekigho Ehiosun''' (amụrụ na 25 June 1990) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] nke na-agba maka Hapoel Acre . == Ọrụ klọb == Ehiosun mụrụ na Warri. Ọ hapụrụ Delta United maka ụlọ ịgba egwu Delta State Warri Wolves na 2008. O meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 10 na 2009–10 iji duo klọb ahụ. Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ n'ime oge 2010–11, Ehiosun bụ onye kacha nweta goolu otu egwuregwu nwere goolu asaa, gụnyere okpu okpu megide Sharks FC. === Samsunspor === N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2011, Ehiosun, kwagara na klọb ndị Turkey bụ Samsunspor na nkwekọrịta otu afọ, yana nhọrọ nke abụọ ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ekigho Ehiosun joins Turkish club|work=africansoccer.weebly.com|url=http://africansoccer.weebly.com/news/ekigho-ehiosun-joins-turkish-club|accessdate=29 October 2014|date=15 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030042427/http://africansoccer.weebly.com/news/ekigho-ehiosun-joins-turkish-club|archivedate=30 October 2014}}</ref> === Gençlerbirliği === N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, otu egwuregwu Turkey bụ Gençlerbirliği bịanyere aka na Ekigho na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ. === Gabala === N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2014, Ehiosun kwagara Gabala nke Azerbaijan Premier League na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego ogologo oge. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ekigho Ehiosun Joins Gabala On A Season - Long Loan|url=http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=12689|work=allnigeriasoccer.com|publisher=allnigeriasoccer|accessdate=27 July 2014}}</ref> Na Julaị 2015, Ehiosun gbara arụkwaghịm na Samsunspor na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Official : Ekigho Ehiosun Returns For Third Stint With Samsunspor|url=http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=15660|work=allnigeriasoccer.com/|publisher=All Nigeria Soccer|accessdate=27 November 2015|date=24 July 2015}}</ref> Na 21 Septemba 2017, Ehiosun bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu na Gabala. <ref name="Gabala Sign Ehiosun">{{Cite web|title=Ekiqo Ehiosun yenidən Qəbələ də|url=http://gabalafc.az/az/xeber/ekiqo-ehiosun-yeniden-qebele-de-3415|work=gabalafc.az|publisher=Gabala FK|accessdate=21 September 2017|language=Azerbaijani|date=21 September 2017}}</ref> Gabala kwupụtara na Ehiosun hapụrụ klọb ahụ na 4 Jenụwarị 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|title="Qəbələ" Endi Hallideylə yollarını ayırdı|url=http://gabalafc.az/az/xeber/qebele-endi-hallideyle-yollarini-ayirdi-3570|work=gabalafc.az|publisher=Gabala FK|language=Azerbaijani|date=4 January 2018}}</ref> Ka ya na ndị otu Naijiria National B nwechara ọzụzụ, akpọrọ ya aha dịka onye nọchiri anya Victor Anichebe na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ndị Eagles na Sierra Leone. Ehiosun gbara egwu nkeji asaa ka ọ bịarutere dị ka onye nọchiri anya ya, wee bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ 58th na akụkọ ntolite Naijiria gbara bọọlụ maka otu mba na mpụta mbụ ya. == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {{Reflist}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="4" valign="center" |Anụ ọhịa wolf ndị agha |[[2008–09 Nigeria Premier League|2008–09]] | rowspan="3" valign="center" |Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria |5 |0 | | | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |0 |- |2009–10 |23 |10 | | | colspan="2" | - | | | colspan="2" | - |23 |10 |- |2010–11 |12 |7 | | | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |12 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !40 !17 !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !40 !17 |- | valign="center" |Samsunspor |2011–12 |Süper Lig |31 |9 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |32 |9 |- | rowspan="4" valign="center" |Gençlerbirliği |2012–13 | rowspan="3" valign="center" |Süper Lig |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |13 |0 |- |2013–14 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- |2014–15 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !12 !0 !1 !0 !- !- !- !- !- !- !13 !0 |- | valign="center" |Samsunspor (onye a gbazinyere) |2013–14 |Njikọ Mbụ nke TFF |29 |9 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |29 |9 |- | valign="center" |Gabala (onye a gbazinyere) |2014–15 |Njikọ Premier nke Azerbaijan |29 |6 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |32 |6 |- | valign="center" |Samsunspor |2015–16 |Njikọ Mbụ nke TFF |30 |4 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |31 |5 |- | valign="center" |Gazişehir Gaziantep |2016–17 |Njikọ Mbụ nke TFF |22 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |22 |6 |- | valign="center" |Gabala |2017–18 |Njikọ Premier nke Azerbaijan |6 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |7 |1 |- | valign="center" |Hapoel Acre |2018–19 |Njikọ Leumit |30 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |31 |4 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !299 !55 !8 !2 !- !- !0 !0 !- !- !237 !57 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |- !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- |2011 |5 |4 |- |2012 |1 |1 |- !Ngụkọta !6 !5 |} ''Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ziri ezi dị ka egwuregwu a gbara na 23 Mee 2012''<ref name="NFT Stats">{{Cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/41938/Ekigho_Ehiosun.html|title=Ekigho Ehiosun|work=National-Football-Teams.com|accessdate=22 September 2017}}</ref> === Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa === : ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.''<ref name="NFT Stats">{{Cite web|url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/41938/Ekigho_Ehiosun.html|title=Ekigho Ehiosun|work=National-Football-Teams.com|accessdate=22 September 2017}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;" !Mba !Ụbọchị !Ebe a na-anọ !Onye mmegide !Ihe ruru !Nsonaazụ !Ịsọ mpi |- |1. |9 Febụwarị 2011 |Teslim Balogun Stadium, Lagos, Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] | Sierra Leone | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–1 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |} == Edensibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 4hgag93u4meow8zt9k129f5vvbsvet6 0 75323 632335 2026-05-08T19:13:23Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352763285|Dickson Etuhu]]" 632335 wikitext text/x-wiki   Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Premier League maka Manchester City, Sunderland na Fulham, yana na Football League maka Preston North End, Norwich City na Blackburn Rovers. Ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ ikpeazụ nke ọrụ ya na-egwu egwu na [[Sweden]] na AIK na IFK Rössjöholm. [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] meriri ya ugboro iri na itoolu n'agbata afọ 2007 na afọ 2011. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019, ụlọ ikpe Sweden mara ya ikpe maka idozi egwuregwu, ma kwuo na ọ ga-eme mkpesa.<ref name="BBC Sport">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929|title=Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player guilty of match-fixing in Sweden|publisher=BBC Sport|date=13 November 2019}}</ref> Ma ndị na-agbachitere ma ndị ọkàiwu kwuru na ha ga-eme mkpesa banyere ikpe ahụ.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929|title=Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player's sentence appealed|publisher=BBC Sport|date=14 November 2019}}</ref> Na June 2020, a machibidoro Etuhu ịgba bọọlụ afọ ise na Sweden.<ref name="guardian">{{Cite web|title=Dickson Etuhu handed five-year ban for match-fixing in Sweden|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/apr/16/dickson-etuhu-handed-five-year-ban-for-match-fixing-in-sweden|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=2 January 2022|date=16 April 2020}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ mmalite === A mụrụ Etuhu na [[Kano]]. Ọ malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Manchester City mana ọ pụtara naanị ugboro iri na otu maka klọb ahụ. Ọ bịanyere aka na Preston North End na Jenụwarị 2002 maka £ 300,000 ka akụkụ David Moyes na-achọ imeziwanye site na mmeri ikpeazụ e meriri Bolton n'oge gara aga. Etuhu mere nke mbụ ya na mmeri 1-0 na Bradford City wee gbaa goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na mmeri 4-2 na Sheffield Wednesday otu izu ka e mesịrị. Etuhu ghọrọ onye na-eme ihe mgbe niile n'akụkụ Preston, na-egwuri egwu n'akụkụ Sean Gregan n'etiti etiti na-anọchi Mark Rankine merụrụ ahụ. Ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-agba goolu abụọ ọzọ n'afọ 2001-02 ka Preston mechara ghara inwe onye njikwa David Moyes na Everton na Machị. Preston malitere oge 2002-03 n'okpuru onye njikwa ọhụrụ Craig Brown na mgbe Etuhu bụ onye mbụ na-ahọrọ na midfield, n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ chọtara onwe ya na n'akụkụ ka Preston gbalịsiri ike ịchọta nkwekọrịta. Etuhu mere ihe ngosi iri atọ na asatọ n'asọmpị niile, gbakwụnye na ọkpụ goolu ya ka Preston gụchara oge ahụ n'ọkwa iri na abụọ. Ụdị Preston gara n'ihu n'ime 2003–04 ka nnukwu mwakpo ha dara ada n'ihi nchebe adịghị mma n'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ mgbanwe ndị ọrụ. Etuhu chọtara onwe ya ọzọ, ya na ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu Preston ndị ọzọ, na na mmalite iri na otu ka Brown na-achọ ịchọta akụkụ ya kacha mma. Etuhu belatara ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngosi 26 ka Preston kwụsịrị 15th na-esote ọkara nke abụọ nke oge nke hụrụ ha n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịdaba na nke ugboro abụọ n'usoro, si na FA Cup na ndị mmegide nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ ka ha meriri 2-1 na Swansea. 2004-05 hụrụ Preston ruo na ngwụcha nke abụọ ha n'ime afọ anọ mana n'agbanyeghị mmalite oge ahụ n'etiti etiti Preston, Etuhu ga-ekere òkè dị nta na mkpọsa ahụ. A chụpụrụ onye njikwa Craig Brown n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2004 ma jiri onye na-enyere ya aka Billy Davies dochie ya, onye mmalite ya na-enweghị mmasị mere ka a chụpụ Etuhu n'elu oche dịka Davies họọrọ Brian O'Neil na Paul McKenna n'etiti etiti n'akụkụ Chris Sedgwick na Eddie Lewis. Ka Preston guzobere na-eburu Etuhu chọtara onwe ya n'èzí ndị otu egwuregwu ahụ kpamkpam mana ka akụkụ ahụ mechiri na playoffs ọ laghachiri n'elu oche na-eme ka ndị ọzọ pụta na egwuregwu asaa ikpeazụ gụnyere mmeri 1-0 na West Ham na Cardiff. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2005, Etuhu malitere oge nke atọ ya n'usoro n'etiti Preston mana ọdịdị na-enweghị mmasị na ntinye aka nke Adam Nowland na David Jones pụtara na a belatara ya ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2005, Etuhu malitere ịtụle ọdịnihu ya n'ebe ọ na-anọghị na Deepdale n'ihi na ọ naghị eme egwuregwu ugboro ugboro ma na Jenụwarị afọ 2006 ọ bịanyere aka na Norwich maka ịgbazinye ego maka oge fọdụrụ na 2005-06. Na Preston na-etinyeghị nkwekọrịta iji gbochie Etuhu igwu egwu megide klọb nne na nna ya, egwuregwu mbụ ya maka Norwich bụ ihe ijuanya megide Lilywhites na Carrow Road. N'oge egwuregwu ahụ, Etuhu mechiri ọrụ ya na Deepdale site na ihe ịma aka na-adịghị mma nke gbajiri ụkwụ onye na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti Preston bụ Adam Nowland, mmerụ ahụ nke ga-eme ka ọrụ bọọlụ Nowland kwụsị. Norwich City bịanyere ya aka n'oge nnwale mbufe Jenụwarị maka £ 450,000 mgbe nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego bu ụzọ wetara ya na klọb ahụ. Ọdịdị ya malitere imeziwanye na ngwụcha oge ahụ na mmalite nke mkpọsa 2006-07. Etuhu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Norwich na mmeri 2-0 megide Torquay United na egwuregwu League Cup na 23 Ọgọst 2006, wee nweta goolu mbụ nke league maka klọb ahụ na 3-3 draw na Southend United na 12 Septemba 2006. N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2006, ọ gbara naanị goolu na mmeri 1-0 megide Cardiff na Carrow Road iji nyere onye njikwa ọhụrụ ya Peter Grant aka imeri egwuregwu mbụ ya n'ụlọ mgbe ọ nọchiri Nigel Worthington. A kọrọ n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi n'oge Septemba 2006 na mgbe e meriri ya 3-1 na Plymouth Argyle, Etuhu na onye otu ya bụ Youssef Safri gbanwere ọkpọ na bọs ndị otu ahụ na njem ha laghachiri East Anglia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/FOOTBALL-CANARIES-PUNCH-UP-article57470.html|title=FOOTBALL: CANARIES' PUNCH-UP|accessdate=2014-01-12}}</ref> Etuhu bịanyere aka na Sunderland a na-akwalite ọhụrụ na nkwekọrịta ruru £ 1.5 nde n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2007. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/s/sunderland/6902275.stm|title=Sunderland complete Etuhu signing|date=17 July 2007|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2008, Etuhu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Sunderland n'egwuregwu ha na Wigan. O sitere na free kick nke Dean Whitehead na-ese n'ime, na-emeghe akara na mmeri 2-0 nke Latics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/7223968.stm|title=Sunderland 2–0 Wigan|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=9 February 2008|accessdate=14 September 2009}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Dickson_Etuhu_Fulham.jpg|thumb|Etuhu na Fulham na 2009]] Na 29 August 2008, Etuhu kwupụtara na ya na-aga ahụike na Premier League club Fulham, tupu ya edebanye aha maka ego nke £ 1.5 nde na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na Craven Cottage.[1]. Etuhu gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya na Fulham na Ista Sunday 2009 megide Manchester City na nkeji 59th nyere Fulham 2–1 ka onye America Clint Dempsey gbachara na nkeji iri ise. Ọ gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na asọmpi European, nke mbụ ya na Craven Cottage, otu izu ka ọ mụsịrị nwa nwoke mbụ ya, na-aga na mmeri 1-0 maka Fulham megide ndị otu Lithuania FK Vetra. Na 28 Ọgọst 2010, Etuhu zọpụtara ndị otu ya site na ịse Blackpool, wee gbatara na nkeji 87th na eserese 2–2 na Bloomfield Road. Na 18 Septemba 2010, Etuhu gbara bọọlụ megide Blackburn Rovers na Ewood Park na eserese 1–1. Na Septemba 2010, Etuhu bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta afọ atọ, nke ga-edebe ya na Craven Cottage ruo oge okpomọkụ nke 2014. O mere ngosi 50th Premier League megide Newcastle United, na 0-0 na-ese na 13 November, mgbe ọ bịara dịka onye nnọchiteanya Zoltan Gera, na nkeji 69th nke egwuregwu ahụ na St James' Park. Etuhu gbara Fulham goolu nke ise ya mgbe ọ gbara nke abụọ na mmeri 6–2 meriri Peterborough United na 8 Jenụwarị 2011 na agba nke atọ nke iko FA. Na 5 Maachị, ọ malitere wee kpọọ nkeji 90 zuru ezu na mmeri 3–2 meriri Blackburn. Na 3 Eprel, ọ gbara na nkeji 72, nke onye mgbachitere Brede Hangeland nyere aka na mmeri Blackpool 3–0 na Craven Cottage. Na 9 Eprel, ọ malitere na mmeri 2–0 meriri Manchester United na Old Trafford tupu Zoltán Gera dochie ya na nkeji 67th. N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Fulham kwupụtara na Etuhu ahapụla klọb ahụ iji sonyere Danny Murphy na Blackburn Rovers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/Club/News/NewsArticles/2012/August/PlayerDepartures.aspx|title=Player Departures|publisher=Fulham FC|accessdate=12 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805234708/http://www.fulhamfc.com/Club/News/NewsArticles/2012/August/PlayerDepartures.aspx|archivedate=5 August 2012}}</ref> === Blackburn Rovers === N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Etuhu sonyeere Blackburn Rovers na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ maka ego a na-akọwaghị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rovers.co.uk/news/article/rovers-seal-etuhu-deal-290547.aspx|title=Rovers seal Etuhu deal|publisher=Blackburn Rovers FC|accessdate=12 January 2014}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Blackburn na 29 Septemba 2012 megide Charlton Athletic . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19684223|title=Charlton 1–1 Blackburn|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=29 September 2012|accessdate=5 January 2013}}</ref> === AIK === Na 23 Disemba 2014, a mara ọkwa na Swedish AIK nke Allsvenskan nwetara ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya n'efu na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=8985|title=AIK Fotboll värvar Dickson Etuhu|language=sv|publisher=AIK Fotboll|accessdate=23 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223132601/http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=8985|archivedate=23 December 2014}}</ref> Mmalite atọ mbụ ya bịara na iko mba 2014-15 Svenska Cupen, ebe o jisiri ike nweta kaadị odo na egwuregwu ọ bụla. Ọ hapụrụ mmalite nke oge a na-eme kwa afọ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotbolldirekt.se/2015/04/03/tunga-aik-beskedet-ny-skada-stoppar-nyforvarvet/|title=Tunga AIK-beskedet: Ny skada stoppar Etuhu i premiären|date=3 April 2015|language=sv|publisher=Fotbolldirekt.se|accessdate=4 June 2015}}</ref> === IFK Rössjöholm === N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2017, Etuhu bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ya na klọb nke ise nke Sweden bụ IFK Rössjöholm . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/allsvenskan/skrallen-dickson-etuhu-klar-for-division-5-klubb/|title=Skrällen: Dickson Etuhu klar för division 5-klubb|date=6 August 2017|language=sv|publisher=expressen.se|accessdate=6 August 2017}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == A mara ọkwa na ngwụcha Septemba 2007 na a kpọrọ Etuhu ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ maka mba ya n'ụbọchị iri na anọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.safc.com/news/?page_id=13276|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120141950/http://www.safc.com/news/?page_id=13276|archivedate=20 November 2007|title=Etuhu gets Nigeria call|publisher=Sunderland F.C.|date=28 September 2007|accessdate=12 January 2014}}</ref> O bu ụzọ gbaa bọọlụ enyi na enyi abụọ maka mba ya wee mee asọmpi mba ụwa mbụ ya na Iko Mba Afrịka na Jenụwarị 2008. Etuhu so na ndị otu Naijiria maka 2010 World Cup nke e mere na South Africa. Ọ jụrụ oku n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2011 dị ka onye na-anọchi anya ya ma kwuo na ọ gaghị agba bọọlụ maka onye nkuzi Naịjirịa bụ Samson Siasia, na-akwụsị ọrụ mba ụwa ya nwa oge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/dickson-etuhu-turns-down-nigerias-last-minute-call-up-against-ghana/532683|title=Dickson Etuhu turns down Nigeria's last minute call up against Ghana|date=8 August 2011|work=Kick Off}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, a kpọghachiri ya na Nọvemba 2011 maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi abụọ n'okpuru onye nkuzi ọhụrụ Stephen Keshi. == Ndụ onwe onye == Nwanne ya nwoke nke obere bụ Kelvin bụkwa onye na-agba bọọlụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/big-brother-spurs-kelvin-on-1027396|title=Big brother spurs Kelvin on|accessdate=2014-01-12}}</ref> Ọ tolitere na Peckham, n'ebe ndịda London, mana mgbe ahụ, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Manchester maka Etuhu iji chụsoo ebumnuche ọkachamara ya na City.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Big brother spurs Kelvin on|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/big-brother-spurs-kelvin-on-1027396|publisher=Manchester Evening News|date=15 February 2015|accessdate=6 July 2015}}</ref> N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019, ụlọ ikpe Sweden mara ya ikpe maka idozi egwuregwu, ma kwuo na ọ ga-eme mkpesa.<ref name="BBC Sport">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929|title=Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player guilty of match-fixing in Sweden|publisher=BBC Sport|date=13 November 2019}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929 "Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player guilty of match-fixing in Sweden"]. </cite></ref> Ma ndị na-agbachitere ma ndị ọkàiwu kwuru na ha ga-eme mkpesa banyere ikpe ahụ.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929|title=Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player's sentence appealed|publisher=BBC Sport|date=14 November 2019}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929 "Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player's sentence appealed"]. </cite></ref> Na June 2020, a machibidoro Etuhu ịgba bọọlụ afọ ise na Sweden.<ref name="guardian">{{Cite web|title=Dickson Etuhu handed five-year ban for match-fixing in Sweden|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/apr/16/dickson-etuhu-handed-five-year-ban-for-match-fixing-in-sweden|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=2 January 2022|date=16 April 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/apr/16/dickson-etuhu-handed-five-year-ban-for-match-fixing-in-sweden "Dickson Etuhu handed five-year ban for match-fixing in Sweden"]. </cite></ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {{updated|17 May 2016}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=21775 |title=Dickson Etuhu Career Stats |publisher=Soccerbase |date=17 September 2011 |access-date=17 September 2011 |archive-date=30 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330072822/http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=21775 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/dickson-etuhu/15675/ |title=D. ETUHU |publisher=Soccerway |date=17 May 2016 |access-date=17 May 2016}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko mba ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Egwuregwu ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- |Manchester City |2001–02 |Nkebi nke Mbụ |12 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |13 |0 |- | rowspan="6" |Preston North End |2001–02 |Nkebi nke Mbụ |16 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |16 |3 |- |2002–03 |Nkebi nke Mbụ |39 |6 |1 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |44 |6 |- |2003–04 |Nkebi nke Mbụ |31 |4 |2 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |34 |4 |- |2004–05 |Mmeri |35 |3 |1 |0 |3 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |42 |3 |- |2005–06 |Mmeri |13 |2 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |13 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !134 !18 !4 !1 !8 !0 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !149 !19 |- |Norwich City (nke e gbazitere) |2005–06 |Mmeri |8 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Obodo Norwich |2005–06 |Mmeri |11 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |12 |0 |- |2006–07 |Mmeri |43 |6 |4 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |50 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !54 !6 !5 !0 !3 !1 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !62 !7 |- |Sunderland |2007–08 |Njikọ Premier |20 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |21 |1 |- | rowspan="5" |Fulham |2008–09 |Njikọ Premier |21 |1 |4 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |25 |1 |- |2009–10 |Njikọ Premier |20 |0 |3 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |14 |2 |37 |2 |- |2010–11 |Njikọ Premier |28 |2 |1 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |31 |3 |- |2011–12 |Njikọ Premier |22 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |11 |0 |33 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !91 !3 !8 !1 !2 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !25 !2 !126 !6 |- | rowspan="3" |Blackburn Rovers |2012–13 |Mmeri |20 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |21 |1 |- |2013–14 |Mmeri |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !23 !1 !0 !0 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !24 !1 |- | rowspan="3" |AIK |2015 |Allsvenskan |21 |2 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |6 |0 |30 |2 |- |2016 |Allsvenskan |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !23 !2 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !6 !0 !32 !2 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !330 !30 !20 !2 !16 !1 !3 !0 !31 !2 !402 !35 |} Egwuregwu 2011-12 gụnyere egwuregwu na Uefa Cup, na Dnipro na 25 Ọgọst 2011, nke a na-etinyeghị ugbu a na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Soccerbase. Egwuregwu 2015 gụnyere egwuregwu atọ na 2014-15 Svenska Cupen, nke a na-etinyeghị na Soccerbase. == Nsọpụrụ == '''Fulham''' * Onye nke abụọ na UEFA Europa League: 2009-102009–10 '''Naịjirịa''' * Ebe nke atọ nke Africa Cup of Nations: 2010<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/2010a-det.html|title=African Nations Cup 2010 – Final Tournament Details}}</ref> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Dickson Etuhuna Soccerbase [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] einkgulg61l7szilgpq97ejwqdoqpf6 0 75324 632336 2026-05-08T19:22:19Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1299840602|Joel Obi]]" 632336 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Joel Chukwuma Obi''' (amụrụ na 22 Mee 1991), nke a maara dị ka '''Joel Obi''', bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agba ọsọ n'etiti. == Ọrụ klọb == === Inter === [[Faịlụ:Joel_Chukwuma_Obi_-_Inter_Mailand_(1).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Joel Obi na Inter]] N'afọ 2009, José Mourinho hụrụ ya ma duru ya gaa n'òtù mbụ nke Inter mgbe ụfọdụ. N'afọ 2010, ọbụlagodi na ọ naghị agba bọọlụ, edebanyere aha ya na ndepụta 'A' nke ndị egwuregwu, bụ ndị meriri Champions League na nke ikpeazụ megide Bayern Munich. N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2010, Rafael Benítez kpọgara ya na ndị otu mbụ. Obi mere nke mbụ ya maka Inter na 29 Septemba 2010 na egwuregwu UEFA Champions League megide Werder Bremen . <ref name="obidebut">{{Cite news|title=Joel Chukwuma Obi – Profile|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250003339/profile/index.html|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> Ọ gbara nkeji iri ikpeazụ nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe ọ bịarutere dị ka onye nọchiri anya na nkeji nke 80 maka onye ọgba bọọlụ ibe ya Dejan Stanković. Inter gara n'ihu merie Werder Bremen na 4-0 shutout.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e9-0e75abbcea79-75c484c0b55b-1000--eto-o-hat-trick-eases-inter-past-bremen/|title=Eto'o hat-trick eases Inter past Bremen|date=29 September 2010|accessdate=3 June 2014|publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Obi mere Serie A mbụ ya na 17 Ọktoba 2010 megide Cagliari mgbe ọ nọchiri Philippe Coutinho na nkeji nke iri isii na isii.<ref name="obidebutitaly">{{Cite news|title=2010 Serie A, Round 7|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/foxsoccer/seriea/matchStats?gameId=2010101710759|publisher=Fox Soccer|accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> Egwuregwu ahụ mechiri 1-0 site na goolu [[Samuel Eto'o]]. Obi malitere "Milan Derby" na Beijing maka Supercoppa Italiana na 14 Nọvemba mana ekwesịrị dochie ya mgbe naanị nkeji 35 gasịrị n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, Coutinho dochie ya. Na Jenụwarị 2011, Obi na Nwankwo Obiora na-ere ya na Parma maka naanị € 750 na € 300,000 n'otu n'otu. Na otu egwuregwu ọ bụ onye mmalite n'okpuru ma Gian Piero Gasperini na onye nchịkwa ọhụrụ, Claudio Ranieri. Na 27 Septemba ọ malitere mmalite mbụ ya na Njikọ Njikọ, na 1 October, ezigara ya maka oge mbụ na ọrụ ya mgbe kaadị edo edo nke abụọ n'ụlọ Napoli. Na 17 Jenụwarị 2012 Parma rere òkè 50% nke Obi azụ na Inter maka nde €3.2 (€ 1.7 nde gbakwunyere Crisetig)[1] na akwụgoro ụgwọ ọnwa ya na € 600,000 akọwara kwa afọ.[2] Na 29 Eprel, Obi meriri goolu mbụ ya na Serie A megide Cesena, ihe nhata nwa oge 1–1, na mmeri 2–1 mechara. O mechiri oge 2011 – 12 na ngosipụta 27 na Serie A, abụọ na Coppa Italia na asaa na Champions League, gbakwunyere otu na ngwụcha Supercoppa Italiana. Otú ọ dị, e belatara oge ya site na mmerụ ọjọọ nke mere ka ọ nọrọ ogologo oge ezumike. Remaining at a standstill due to injury, he returned to the field in 2012–13 season, exactly on 4 October, in the victory away from home 1–3 against Neftchi Baku in the Europa League scoring the goal of 0–2,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://it.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0202-0e9d7903f82f-4103b9ffe368-1000--la-baby-inter-convince-a-baku/|title=La baby Inter convince a Baku|work=[[UEFA]]|accessdate=4 October 2012}}</ref> which was the 500th goal in UEFA<ref>{{Cite news|title=Il tacco di Coutinho|publisher=[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]]}}</ref> competition for Inter. He concluded the season with two appearances in the league, one in the Coppa Italia and one in the Europa League. ==== Parma (nke a gbazinyere) ==== N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2013, e nyere ya Parma, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/en/news/43616|title=Joel Obi moves to Parma|date=2 September 2013|accessdate=3 June 2014|publisher=FC Internazionale Milano}}</ref> n'egwuregwu ya na Catania, na-anọchi Marco Parolo. Mgbe ọ pụtara naanị ugboro asatọ, ọ laghachiri na Inter. === Ịlaghachi na Inter === Na 28 August 2014, ọ laghachiri na-egwu Inter na egwuregwu ụlọ meriri 6-0 na Europa League megide Stjarnan. Obi gara n'ihu na-agba egwu dị ka onye ọkpọ n'usoro Walter Mazzarri 3-5-2 n'ihi ọtụtụ mmerụ ahụ nke ndị otu ya. Na 23 Nọvemba, ọ gbara egwu dị ka onye mbido na Milan derby, na-enye ihe nhata (1–1), [1] na mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya nke oge, na-eme mmemme site na mmekpa ahụ. Ọ laghachiri n'ọhịa dị ka onye mbido na egwuregwu ụlọ furu efu 0–1 megide Torino na 25 Jenụwarị 2015, na-egwu egwu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ. Ọ mechiri oge ahụ na egwuregwu iri na asaa na otu goolu. N'ozuzu maka Inter ọ mere ngosi 71 wee nye goolu atọ. === Torino === N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, Obi gafere Torino maka ego € 2.2 nde ma bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kicknews24.com/news/official-joel-obi-joins-torino/|title=Official: Joel Obi Joins Torino|publisher=Kicknews24.com|accessdate=3 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065147/http://kicknews24.com/news/official-joel-obi-joins-torino/|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://torinofc.it/news/02/07/2015/joel-obi-al-toro_8577|title=Joel Obi al Toro|date=2 July 2015|accessdate=2 July 2015|publisher=Torino F.C.|language=it}}</ref> Na mbido oge ahụ, o merụrụ ahụ ugboro abụọ, nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha, mere ka ọ ghara ịga ọkara mbụ nke oge 2015-16. Ọ laghachiri n'ọgbọ egwuregwu, na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye mbido na egwuregwu megide Chievo Verona na 7 Febụwarị 2016, Alexander Farnerud nọchiri ya na ọkara nke abụọ. N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2017, ọ pụtara nke iri abụọ na anọ ya na Torino megide Sassulo wee gbaa goolu nke abụọ ya na nke mbụ n'oge ahụ na nkeji iri asatọ na asatọ. Egwuregwu ahụ mechiri 3-0 na-akwado Torino n'ụlọ. === Chievo Verona === N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, Obi bịanyere aka na klọb Serie A Chievo Verona na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na nhọrọ maka oge ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/chievo/?action=read&idtmw=1145015|accessdate=11 August 2018|title=UFFICIALE: ChievoVerona, ecco Obi: contratto triennale con opzione|archivedate=12 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812021701/https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/chievo/?action=read&idtmw=1145015}}</ref> Obi gbazinyere klọb Turkey Alanyaspor na Jenụwarị 2019 maka ọkara nke abụọ nke mkpọsa 2018-19. <ref name="Salernitana">{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joel-obi-salernitana-sign-former-chievo-midfielder/hh2kxid2r3ow1lkhsc63r1ds6|title=Joel Obi: Salernitana sign former Chievo midfielder|work=Goal|date=21 July 2021|accessdate=22 July 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en/news/joel-obi-salernitana-sign-former-chievo-midfielder/hh2kxid2r3ow1lkhsc63r1ds6 "Joel Obi: Salernitana sign former Chievo midfielder"]. </cite></ref> N'Oge 2020-21, onye ọgba bọọlụ ahụ gbara goolu anọ n'egwuregwu 31 nke Serie B maka Chievo.<ref name="Salernitana">{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joel-obi-salernitana-sign-former-chievo-midfielder/hh2kxid2r3ow1lkhsc63r1ds6|title=Joel Obi: Salernitana sign former Chievo midfielder|work=Goal|date=21 July 2021|accessdate=22 July 2021}}</ref> Na 21 Julaị 2021, Obi bịanyere aka na klọb U.S. Salernitana 1919 nke e buliri n'ọkwa Serie A n'efu.<ref name="Salernitana">{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joel-obi-salernitana-sign-former-chievo-midfielder/hh2kxid2r3ow1lkhsc63r1ds6|title=Joel Obi: Salernitana sign former Chievo midfielder|work=Goal|date=21 July 2021|accessdate=22 July 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en/news/joel-obi-salernitana-sign-former-chievo-midfielder/hh2kxid2r3ow1lkhsc63r1ds6 "Joel Obi: Salernitana sign former Chievo midfielder"]. </cite></ref> Obi kwetara nkwekọrịta otu afọ na nhọrọ nke ịgbatị.<ref name="Salernitana" /> Na 20 Julaị 2022, Obi sonyeere Reggina na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Reggina|url=https://www.reggina1914.it/notizie/joel-obi-e-un-calciatore-amaranto/|title=JOEL OBI È UN CALCIATORE AMARANTO|date=20 July 2022|accessdate=20 July 2022|language=it|archivedate=21 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021194840/https://www.reggina1914.it/notizie/joel-obi-e-un-calciatore-amaranto/}}</ref> === Vis Pesaro === Na Jenụwarị 2024, Obi sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ Serie C Group B Vis Pesaro na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vispesaro1898.it/vis/vis-pesaro-joel-obi-ufficiale/|title=JOEL OBI È BIANCOROSSO!|work=www.vispesaro1898.it|language=Italian|date=10 January 2024|accessdate=10 January 2024}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Obi mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na 9 Febụwarị 2011 na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ya na Sierra Leone na Lagos. Ọ malitere egwuregwu iri na otu sochirinụ n'usoro maka ''Eagles'' tupu ọ merụọ ahụ na ngwụcha afọ 2012. A kpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu mbụ maka 2014 World Cup. <ref>{{Cite news|first=Oluwashina|author=Okeleji|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=24 November 2014|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka 2018 FIFA World Cup na Russia. <ref>{{Cite news|title=World Cup 2018: Arsenal's Iwobi in Nigeria's 23-man squad|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44346451|accessdate=18 October 2022|work=BBC Sport|date=3 June 2018}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == {{updated|22 May 2022}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Joel obi Inter Profile |url=http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626163929/http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 |archive-date=26 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Soccerway|joel-chukwuma-obi/85498}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="5" |Mba ụwa |2010–11 | rowspan="4" |Usoro A |10 |0 |2 |0 |1[a] |0 |0 |0 |13 |0 |- |2011–12 |27 |0 |2 |0 |7[a] |0 |1[b] |0 |37 |0 |- |2012–13 |2 |0 |1 |0 |1[c] |1 | colspan="2" | - |4 |1 |- |2014–15 |11 |1 |1 |0 |3[c] |0 | colspan="2" | - |15 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !50 !1 !6 !0 !12 !1 !1 !0 !69 !2 |- |Parma (nke a gbazinyere) |2013–14 |Usoro A |8 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Torino |2015–16 | rowspan="3" |Usoro A |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |1 |- |2016–17 |20 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |0 |- |2017–18 |22 |5 |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |25 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !52 !6 !7 !1 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !59 !7 |- | rowspan="4" |Chievo |2018–19 | rowspan="2" |Usoro A |11 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |1 |- |2019–20 |29 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |29 |1 |- |2020–21 |Usoro B |31 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |32 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !71 !6 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !72 !6 |- |Alanyaspor (onye a gbazinyere) |2018–19 |Süper Lig |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |2 |0 |- |Salernitana |2021–22 |Usoro A |21 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !204 !13 !16 !1 !12 !1 !1 !0 !233 !15 |}   === Mba Nile === {{updated|22 June 2018}}<ref>{{NFT player|41934}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="8" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2011 |11 |0 |- |2012 |0 |0 |- |2013 |0 |0 |- |2014 |1 |0 |- |2015 |0 |0 |- |2016 |0 |0 |- |2017 |0 |0 |- |2018 |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !16 !0 |} == Nsọpụrụ == * Coppa Italia: 2010-112010–11 * Supercoppa Italiana: 2010 * FIFA Club World Cup: 2010 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5dvt6ijt0bhblyj6nsgb1pwpkcn2dt1 632337 632336 2026-05-08T19:29:42Z Goodymaraj 21567 632337 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Joel Chukwuma Obi''' (amụrụ na 22 Mee 1991), nke a maara dị ka '''Joel Obi''', bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agba ọsọ n'etiti. == Ọrụ klọb == === Inter === [[Faịlụ:Joel_Chukwuma_Obi_-_Inter_Mailand_(1).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Joel Obi na Inter]] N'afọ 2009, José Mourinho hụrụ ya ma duru ya gaa n'òtù mbụ nke Inter mgbe ụfọdụ. N'afọ 2010, ọbụlagodi na ọ naghị agba bọọlụ, edebanyere aha ya na ndepụta 'A' nke ndị egwuregwu, bụ ndị meriri Champions League na nke ikpeazụ megide Bayern Munich. N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2010, Rafael Benítez kpọgara ya na ndị otu mbụ. Obi mere nke mbụ ya maka Inter na 29 Septemba 2010 na egwuregwu UEFA Champions League megide Werder Bremen . <ref name="obidebut">{{Cite news|title=Joel Chukwuma Obi – Profile|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250003339/profile/index.html|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> Ọ gbara nkeji iri ikpeazụ nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe ọ bịarutere dị ka onye nọchiri anya na nkeji nke 80 maka onye ọgba bọọlụ ibe ya Dejan Stanković. Inter gara n'ihu merie Werder Bremen na 4-0 shutout.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e9-0e75abbcea79-75c484c0b55b-1000--eto-o-hat-trick-eases-inter-past-bremen/|title=Eto'o hat-trick eases Inter past Bremen|date=29 September 2010|accessdate=3 June 2014|publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Obi mere Serie A mbụ ya na 17 Ọktoba 2010 megide Cagliari mgbe ọ nọchiri Philippe Coutinho na nkeji nke iri isii na isii.<ref name="obidebutitaly">{{Cite news|title=2010 Serie A, Round 7|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/foxsoccer/seriea/matchStats?gameId=2010101710759|publisher=Fox Soccer|accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> Egwuregwu ahụ mechiri 1-0 site na goolu [[Samuel Eto'o]]. Obi malitere "Milan Derby" na Beijing maka Supercoppa [[Italy|Italian]]<nowiki/>a na 14 Nọvemba mana ekwesịrị dochie ya mgbe naanị nkeji 35 gasịrị n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, Coutinho dochie ya. Na Jenụwarị 2011, Obi na Nwankwo Obiora na-ere ya na Parma maka naanị € 750 na € 300,000 n'otu n'otu. Na otu egwuregwu ọ bụ onye mmalite n'okpuru ma Gian Piero Gasperini na onye nchịkwa ọhụrụ, Claudio Ranieri. Na 27 Septemba ọ malitere mmalite mbụ ya na Njikọ Njikọ, na 1 October, ezigara ya maka oge mbụ na ọrụ ya mgbe kaadị edo edo nke abụọ n'ụlọ Napoli. Na 17 Jenụwarị 2012 Parma rere òkè 50% nke Obi azụ na Inter maka nde €3.2 (€ 1.7 nde gbakwunyere Crisetig) na akwụgoro ụgwọ ọnwa ya na € 600,000 akọwara kwa afọ. Na 29 Eprel, Obi meriri goolu mbụ ya na Serie A megide Cesena, ihe nhata nwa oge 1–1, na mmeri 2–1 mechara. O mechiri oge 2011 – 12 na ngosipụta 27 na Serie A, abụọ na Coppa Italia na asaa na Champions League, gbakwunyere otu na ngwụcha Supercoppa Italiana. Otú ọ dị, e belatara oge ya site na mmerụ ọjọọ nke mere ka ọ nọrọ ogologo oge ezumike. Remaining at a standstill due to injury, he returned to the field in 2012–13 season, exactly on 4 October, in the victory away from home 1–3 against Neftchi Baku in the Europa League scoring the goal of 0–2,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://it.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0202-0e9d7903f82f-4103b9ffe368-1000--la-baby-inter-convince-a-baku/|title=La baby Inter convince a Baku|work=[[UEFA]]|accessdate=4 October 2012}}</ref> which was the 500th goal in UEFA<ref>{{Cite news|title=Il tacco di Coutinho|publisher=[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]]}}</ref> competition for Inter. He concluded the season with two appearances in the league, one in the Coppa Italia and one in the Europa League. ==== Parma (nke a gbazinyere) ==== N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2013, e nyere ya Parma, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/en/news/43616|title=Joel Obi moves to Parma|date=2 September 2013|accessdate=3 June 2014|publisher=FC Internazionale Milano}}</ref> n'egwuregwu ya na Catania, na-anọchi Marco Parolo. Mgbe ọ pụtara naanị ugboro asatọ, ọ laghachiri na Inter. === Ịlaghachi na Inter === Na 28 August 2014, ọ laghachiri na-egwu Inter na egwuregwu ụlọ meriri 6-0 na Europa League megide Stjarnan. Obi gara n'ihu na-agba egwu dị ka onye ọkpọ n'usoro Walter Mazzarri 3-5-2 n'ihi ọtụtụ mmerụ ahụ nke ndị otu ya. Na 23 Nọvemba, ọ gbara egwu dị ka onye mbido na Milan derby, na-enye ihe nhata (1–1), na mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya nke oge, na-eme mmemme site na mmekpa ahụ. Ọ laghachiri n'ọhịa dị ka onye mbido na egwuregwu ụlọ furu efu 0–1 megide Torino na 25 Jenụwarị 2015, na-egwu egwu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ. Ọ mechiri oge ahụ na egwuregwu iri na asaa na otu goolu. N'ozuzu maka Inter ọ mere ngosi 71 wee nye goolu atọ. === Torino === N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, Obi gafere Torino maka ego € 2.2 nde ma bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kicknews24.com/news/official-joel-obi-joins-torino/|title=Official: Joel Obi Joins Torino|publisher=Kicknews24.com|accessdate=3 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065147/http://kicknews24.com/news/official-joel-obi-joins-torino/|archivedate=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://torinofc.it/news/02/07/2015/joel-obi-al-toro_8577|title=Joel Obi al Toro|date=2 July 2015|accessdate=2 July 2015|publisher=Torino F.C.|language=it}}</ref> Na mbido oge ahụ, o merụrụ ahụ ugboro abụọ, nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha, mere ka ọ ghara ịga ọkara mbụ nke oge 2015-16. Ọ laghachiri n'ọgbọ egwuregwu, na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye mbido na egwuregwu megide Chievo Verona na 7 Febụwarị 2016, Alexander Farnerud nọchiri ya na ọkara nke abụọ. N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2017, ọ pụtara nke iri abụọ na anọ ya na Torino megide Sassulo wee gbaa goolu nke abụọ ya na nke mbụ n'oge ahụ na nkeji iri asatọ na asatọ. Egwuregwu ahụ mechiri 3-0 na-akwado Torino n'ụlọ. === Chievo Verona === N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, Obi bịanyere aka na klọb Serie A Chievo Verona na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na nhọrọ maka oge ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/chievo/?action=read&idtmw=1145015|accessdate=11 August 2018|title=UFFICIALE: ChievoVerona, ecco Obi: contratto triennale con opzione|archivedate=12 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812021701/https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/chievo/?action=read&idtmw=1145015}}</ref> Obi gbazinyere klọb [[Turkéy|Turkey]] Alanyaspor na Jenụwarị 2019 maka ọkara nke abụọ nke mkpọsa 2018-19. <ref name="Salernitana">{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joel-obi-salernitana-sign-former-chievo-midfielder/hh2kxid2r3ow1lkhsc63r1ds6|title=Joel Obi: Salernitana sign former Chievo midfielder|work=Goal|date=21 July 2021|accessdate=22 July 2021}}</ref> N'Oge 2020-21, onye ọgba bọọlụ ahụ gbara goolu anọ n'egwuregwu 31 nke Serie B maka Chievo.<ref name="Salernitana">{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joel-obi-salernitana-sign-former-chievo-midfielder/hh2kxid2r3ow1lkhsc63r1ds6|title=Joel Obi: Salernitana sign former Chievo midfielder|work=Goal|date=21 July 2021|accessdate=22 July 2021}}</ref> Na 21 Julaị 2021, Obi bịanyere aka na klọb U.S. Salernitana 1919 nke e buliri n'ọkwa Serie A n'efu.<ref name="Salernitana">{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joel-obi-salernitana-sign-former-chievo-midfielder/hh2kxid2r3ow1lkhsc63r1ds6|title=Joel Obi: Salernitana sign former Chievo midfielder|work=Goal|date=21 July 2021|accessdate=22 July 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.goal.com/en/news/joel-obi-salernitana-sign-former-chievo-midfielder/hh2kxid2r3ow1lkhsc63r1ds6 "Joel Obi: Salernitana sign former Chievo midfielder"]. </cite></ref> Obi kwetara nkwekọrịta otu afọ na nhọrọ nke ịgbatị.<ref name="Salernitana" /> Na 20 Julaị 2022, Obi sonyeere Reggina na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Reggina|url=https://www.reggina1914.it/notizie/joel-obi-e-un-calciatore-amaranto/|title=JOEL OBI È UN CALCIATORE AMARANTO|date=20 July 2022|accessdate=20 July 2022|language=it|archivedate=21 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021194840/https://www.reggina1914.it/notizie/joel-obi-e-un-calciatore-amaranto/}}</ref> === Vis Pesaro === Na Jenụwarị 2024, Obi sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ Serie C Group B Vis Pesaro na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vispesaro1898.it/vis/vis-pesaro-joel-obi-ufficiale/|title=JOEL OBI È BIANCOROSSO!|work=www.vispesaro1898.it|language=Italian|date=10 January 2024|accessdate=10 January 2024}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Obi mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na 9 Febụwarị 2011 na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ya na Sierra Leone na Lagos. Ọ malitere egwuregwu iri na otu sochirinụ n'usoro maka ''Eagles'' tupu ọ merụọ ahụ na ngwụcha afọ 2012. A kpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu mbụ maka 2014 World Cup. <ref>{{Cite news|first=Oluwashina|author=Okeleji|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=24 November 2014|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka 2018 ''FIFA World Cup na [[Russia]]''. <ref>{{Cite news|title=World Cup 2018: Arsenal's Iwobi in Nigeria's 23-man squad|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44346451|accessdate=18 October 2022|work=BBC Sport|date=3 June 2018}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == {{updated|22 May 2022}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Joel obi Inter Profile |url=http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626163929/http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 |archive-date=26 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Soccerway|joel-chukwuma-obi/85498}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko Mba ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="5" |Mba ụwa |2010–11 | rowspan="4" |Usoro A |10 |0 |2 |0 |1[a] |0 |0 |0 |13 |0 |- |2011–12 |27 |0 |2 |0 |7[a] |0 |1[b] |0 |37 |0 |- |2012–13 |2 |0 |1 |0 |1[c] |1 | colspan="2" | - |4 |1 |- |2014–15 |11 |1 |1 |0 |3[c] |0 | colspan="2" | - |15 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !50 !1 !6 !0 !12 !1 !1 !0 !69 !2 |- |Parma (nke a gbazinyere) |2013–14 |Usoro A |8 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Torino |2015–16 | rowspan="3" |Usoro A |10 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |1 |- |2016–17 |20 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |0 |- |2017–18 |22 |5 |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |25 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !52 !6 !7 !1 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !59 !7 |- | rowspan="4" |Chievo |2018–19 | rowspan="2" |Usoro A |11 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |1 |- |2019–20 |29 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |29 |1 |- |2020–21 |Usoro B |31 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |32 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !71 !6 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !72 !6 |- |Alanyaspor (onye a gbazinyere) |2018–19 |Süper Lig |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |2 |0 |- |Salernitana |2021–22 |Usoro A |21 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !204 !13 !16 !1 !12 !1 !1 !0 !233 !15 |}   === Mba Nile === {{updated|22 June 2018}}<ref>{{NFT player|41934}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="8" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2011 |11 |0 |- |2012 |0 |0 |- |2013 |0 |0 |- |2014 |1 |0 |- |2015 |0 |0 |- |2016 |0 |0 |- |2017 |0 |0 |- |2018 |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !16 !0 |} == Nsọpụrụ == * Coppa Italia: 2010-112010–11 * Supercoppa Italiana: 2010 * FIFA Club World Cup: 2010 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4ncn0nit3lcdugcafknpyfsac8sumor 0 75325 632338 2026-05-08T20:14:42Z NiferO 20385 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349245220|Lucky Omeruo]]" 632338 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Lucky Omeruo''' (amụrụ 15 n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 1995) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa nke na-agba bọọlụ n'ihu maka KSC City Pirates Belgium. == Ọrụ == === Ọrụ klọb === Lucky Omeruo bụ nwanne nwoke nke onye bụbu onye na-agbachitere Chelsea FC Kenneth Omeruo. Lucky bụ onye na-agba ọsọ na-aga n'ihu nke ya na ndị otu ya meriri league na ngwụcha oge 2015. Ọ nọwo na ndị otu U-20 nke Naijiria n'okpuru onye nkuzi Obuh ma ugbu a akpọwo ya maka ndị otu U-23 Olympic nke Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://africanfootball.com/news/527556/Lucky-Omeruo-makes-history-in-Malta|title=Lucky Omeruo makes history in Malta - Nigeria U23 - Kenneth Omeruo}}</ref> N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2020, Omeruo kwagara na klọb Belgian amateur Bilzerse Waltwilder. Mgbe ọnwa isii gachara, ọ sonyeere klọb Beljọm ibe ya, KSC City Pirates . == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Lucky Omeruon'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ * http://www.omroepwest.nl/sport/12-07-2013/ado-tester-lucky-omeruo-terug-naar-nigeria * <nowiki>http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/lucky-omeruo-thrilled-with-u-23-call-up/</nowiki>[permanent dead link] * http://africanfootball.com/news/527556/Lucky-Omeruo-makes-history-in-Malta * http://www.sl10.ng/news/articles/categories/nigeria-players-abroad/lucky-omeruo-eyes-summer-move-away-from-the-tiny-island-of-malta/206974 [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] e9exqtv933d75o7znltvsogpael52fj 0 75326 632341 2026-05-08T22:42:28Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342447454|Fegor Ogude]]" 632341 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Fegor Ogude''' MON (amụrụ na 29 Julaị 1987) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti ma ọ bụ onye na-azụ azụ. == Ọrụ klọb == Ogude malitere ọrụ ya dị elu na otu ndị Naijiria Warri Wolves, ebe ọ bụ onyeisi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://westafricanfootball.com/2010/10/26/special-report-%E2%80%93-list-of-scorers-in-the-nigeria-football-league-2009-2010-part-five/|title=SPECIAL REPORT – LIST OF SCORERS IN THE NIGERIA FOOTBALL LEAGUE 2009-2010 (PART FIVE)|date=26 October 2010|work=WEST AFRICAN FOOTBALL|accessdate=28 March 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="signing">{{Cite news|title=Vålerenga henter landslagsspiller|url=http://www.vif-fotball.no/article2973551.ece|accessdate=31 August 2010|work=VIF-Fotball.no|date=31 August 2010|language=no}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100905004433/http://www.vif-fotball.no/article2973551.ece "Vålerenga henter landslagsspiller"]. ''VIF-Fotball.no'' (in Norwegian). 31 August 2010. Archived from [http://www.vif-fotball.no/article2973551.ece the original] on 5 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)]]</ref> Na 31 August 2010, ọ bịanyere aka na Vålerenga otu Norwegian. Klọb ahụ sochiri ya nke ọma mgbe e kpechara ya ikpe na klọb, n'oge ọkọchị nke 2009.[1] O nwekwara onyinye sitere na klọb abụọ Norwegian, mana ọ họọrọ Vålerenga Oslo. Na 14 Jenụwarị 2014, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ruo June 2016 maka otu Russia Amkar Perm . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fc-amkar.org/news/?id=28507/|title=Первый новичок 2014 года {{!}} Футбольный клуб "АМКАР" Пермь|work=fc-amkar.org|language=ru|accessdate=28 March 2018}}</ref> Na June 2016, Ogude bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ ọhụrụ na Amkar Perm. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rsport.ru/football/20160630/965475170.html|work=rsport.ru|publisher=Rsport|accessdate=6 December 2016|language=ru|date=30 June 2016}}</ref> Na 5 Julaị 2018, Ogude bịanyere aka na Yenisey Krasnoyarsk. [1] Mgbe Yenisey chụpụrụ na Premier League nke Russia na njedebe nke oge 2018-19, klọb ahụ wepụtara Ogude. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == A họpụtara Ogude maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naijiria]] na asọmpi Iko Mba Afrịka megide Madagascar. <ref name="signing">{{Cite news|title=Vålerenga henter landslagsspiller|url=http://www.vif-fotball.no/article2973551.ece|accessdate=31 August 2010|work=VIF-Fotball.no|date=31 August 2010|language=no}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka Iko Mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ogude meriri na Africa Cup of Nations na Naịjirịa n'afọ 2013. A họpụtara ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == {{updated|match played 26 May 2019}}<ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web|title=F.Ogude|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/fengor-ogude/63340/|website=Soccerway/|publisher=Soccerway|access-date=31 August 2015}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko mba ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="5" |Vålerenga |2010 | rowspan="4" |Tippeligaen |6 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |6 |0 |- |2011 |25 |6 |1 |3 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |30 |9 |- |2012 |8 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- |2013 |12 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |12 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !51 !6 !1 !3 !4 !0 !0 !0 !56 !9 |- | rowspan="6" |Amkar Perm |2013–14 | rowspan="5" |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |9 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |9 |3 |- |2014–15 |24 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |25 |1 |- |2015–16 |22 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |26 |0 |- |2016–17 |18 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |18 |0 |- |2017–18 |15 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |2[a] |0 |19 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !88 !4 !7 !0 !0 !0 !2 !0 !97 !4 |- |Yenisey Krasnoyarsk |2018–19 |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |26 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |28 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !164 !11 !10 !3 !4 !0 !2 !0 !181 !14 |}   === Mba Nile === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="3" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2011 |8 |0 |- |2012 |0 |0 |- |2013 |8 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !16 !0 |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Naịjirịa''' * Iko Mba Afrịka (1): 2013 '''Iwu''' * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Navboxes|title=Nigeria squads|bg=#008751|fg=White|bordercolor=|list1={{Nigeria squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations}} {{Nigeria squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}}}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] kblifbtni2fa4mgeuzkeuqvfy6jlceg 0 75327 632342 2026-05-08T22:46:00Z Sayvhior 13464 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353220132|Aia Leu]]" 632342 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Aia Leu''' (onye amụrụ n'oge afọ 1971 na mba [[Spain]]) bụ onye na-ese ihe n'oge a nke bi na mba Ireland . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Swiss Review|first=The|title=Regional Edition GB|url=https://www.swisscommunity.org/fileadmin/revue/Ausgaben/2013/03/SRV_1303_Regio_GBR.pdf|accessdate=6 May 2026|publisher=Organisation of The Swiss Abroad (OSA)|date=June 2013}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Aia Leu na obodo Formentera, Balearic Isles, nke di na mba Spain. <ref>{{Cite news|author=World News|first=Amazigh|title=New Publication: Berber Tattooing in Morocco’s Middle Atlas.|url=https://amazighworldnews.com/new-publication-berber-tattooing-moroccos-middle-atlas/|accessdate=6 May 2026|date=19 December 2017}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ ihe osise na Vevey wee kwaga n'obodo Kenmare na County Kerry, Ireland n’oge afọ 1989. Mmụọ bụ aha ihe ngosi nke ihe osise mmanụ nke Aia Leu na Killarney n’oge afọ 2014. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kerryman|first=The|title=Plenty of spirit, and surrealism at local tattoo gallery|url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/kerry/lifestyle/plenty-of-spirit-and-surrealism-at-local-tattoo-gallery/30774956.html|accessdate=6 May 2026|publisher=Irish Independant|date=29 November 2014}}</ref> Nne nne ya bụ onye na-ese ihe na mba Switzerland bụ Eva Aeppli na nwanne nne ya bụ Miriam Tinguely . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Swiss Review|first=The|title=article Regional Edition GB|url=https://www.swisscommunity.org/fileadmin/revue/Ausgaben/2023/01/SRV-2301_GBR.pdf|accessdate=6 May 2026|date=January 2023}}</ref> == Edensibia == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Leu, Aia}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] b8k8050qnqhh48ouomlrfb06cdwj6tf 632343 632342 2026-05-08T22:46:43Z Sayvhior 13464 632343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aia Leu''' (onye amụrụ n'oge afọ 1971 na mba [[Spain]]) bụ onye na-ese ihe n'oge a nke bi na mba Ireland . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Swiss Review|first=The|title=Regional Edition GB|url=https://www.swisscommunity.org/fileadmin/revue/Ausgaben/2013/03/SRV_1303_Regio_GBR.pdf|accessdate=6 May 2026|publisher=Organisation of The Swiss Abroad (OSA)|date=June 2013}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Aia Leu na obodo Formentera, Balearic Isles, nke di na mba Spain. <ref>{{Cite news|author=World News|first=Amazigh|title=New Publication: Berber Tattooing in Morocco’s Middle Atlas.|url=https://amazighworldnews.com/new-publication-berber-tattooing-moroccos-middle-atlas/|accessdate=6 May 2026|date=19 December 2017}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ ihe osise na Vevey wee kwaga n'obodo Kenmare na County Kerry, Ireland n’oge afọ 1989. Mmụọ bụ aha ihe ngosi nke ihe osise mmanụ nke Aia Leu na Killarney n’oge afọ 2014. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Kerryman|first=The|title=Plenty of spirit, and surrealism at local tattoo gallery|url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/kerry/lifestyle/plenty-of-spirit-and-surrealism-at-local-tattoo-gallery/30774956.html|accessdate=6 May 2026|publisher=Irish Independant|date=29 November 2014}}</ref> Nne nne ya bụ onye na-ese ihe na mba Switzerland bụ Eva Aeppli na nwanne nne ya bụ Miriam Tinguely . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Swiss Review|first=The|title=article Regional Edition GB|url=https://www.swisscommunity.org/fileadmin/revue/Ausgaben/2023/01/SRV-2301_GBR.pdf|accessdate=6 May 2026|date=January 2023}}</ref> == Edensibia == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Leu, Aia}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] sbv41rxc8v40xsdkj82m67465277z4c 0 75328 632344 2026-05-08T23:05:14Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344671658|Joseph Yobo]]" 632344 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}'''Josef Michael Yobo''' OON (amụrụ na 6 Septemba 1980) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-azụ azụ. Yobo malitere ọrụ ya na Standard Liège na Marseilles tupu ọ banye Everton na 2002. Ọ nọrọ afọ iri na klọb ahụ wee bụrụ onye egwuregwu Afrịka mbụ ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi Everton. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Everton, ọ nọrọ oge na Fenerbahçe na Norwich City. Ọ bụ onyeisi [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naijiria]] ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na bọọlụ mba ụwa na June 2014, ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndekọ Naijiria. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu mba Naijiria itoolu. N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, ndị Nigeria Football Federation họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nkuzi Super Eagles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rohr sacked as Nigeria coach with Eguavoen named as replacement {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/rohr-sacked-as-nigeria-coach-with-eguavoen-named-as/blt4047d58f4a0f81b5|accessdate=24 January 2022|work=www.goal.com}}</ref> == Afọ ndị mbụ == Ebe a mụrụ Yobo na mmalite ya bụ Kono, obodo Ogoni dị na [[Khana]] Local Government Area nke Rivers State, Nigeria.<ref name="kono">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm|title=Hon. Worgu Boms|publisher=BBC|date=18 July 2007|accessdate=1 February 2015}}</ref> Yobo hapụrụ Naijiria iji sonye na Standard Liège na 1998. O mere egwuregwu mbụ ya n'afọ 2000, wee gaa n'ihu na-apụta ugboro 46. N'afọ 2001, Marseilles zụrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/1493202.stm|title=European Preview: Belgium Transfers|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=15 August 2001|accessdate=19 September 2008}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == === Everton === [[Faịlụ:Van_Persie_free_kick.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Yobo (#4) na-egwuri egwu maka Everton megide Arsenal.]] N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ malitere, a gbazinyere Yobo na Tenerife. Mgbe ihe dị ka ọnwa itoolu gasịrị, Yobo laghachiri Marseille, tupu ọ banye Everton, ọzọ na mgbazinye ego, na July 2002. A chọrọ ego £ 1 nde iji debanye aha onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ, ọ ghọkwara onye mbụ David Moyes bịanyere aka.<ref name="bbc_2002">{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/e/everton/2098473.stm|title=Everton complete Yobo chase|work=BBC Sport|date=9 July 2002|accessdate=20 September 2008}}</ref> Nhọrọ iji mee ka ọ gaa n'ihu bụrụ nke na-adịgide adịgide ka e mere na 2003 mgbe esemokwu dị n'etiti Yobo na Marseille doziri, na Everton kwetara na a ga-akwụ ụgwọ ọzọ nke £ 4 nde. <ref>{{Cite news|first=Dominic|author=Fifield|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/nov/28/newsstory.sport10|title=Everton close in on Yobo's signature|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=28 November 2002|accessdate=19 September 2008}}</ref> Yobo ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu kachasị mma na ndị otu Everton, ọ bụkwa otu n'etiti ndị egwuregwu asaa na league dum na-egwu nkeji ọ bụla nke egwuregwu ọ bụla n'oge 2006-07; onye otu ya Joleon Lescott bụkwa onye na-anọ mgbe niile n'oge niile. Ogologo oge, na 2006, n'ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ na Everton dugara na asịrị banyere ịkwaga Arsenal, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/e/everton/4873048.stm|title=Everton face Yobo contract delay|date=3 April 2006|accessdate=19 September 2008}}</ref> mana na 22 Julaị, Yobo tinyere onwe ya na Goodison Park ruo 2010. N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2007, Yobo ghọrọ onye na-agba bọọlụ mba ofesi na Everton, ihe ndekọ o nwere ruo na mbido afọ 2012. Maka egwuregwu UEFA Cup megide AEL nke [[Greece|Gris]] na 25 Ọktoba 2007, a kpọrọ Yobo aha dị ka onyeisi na-anọghị Phil Neville ma si otú a ghọọ onye Afrịka mbụ ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi klọb ahụ. N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2009, Yobo gbara goolu mbụ ya n'oge ahụ megide West Ham United iji mechie mmeri 3-1. N'afọ 2009-10, Yobo aghaghị ime mgbanwe na onye na-agbachitere ya ọhụrụ, Sylvain Distin, mgbe Joleon Lescott hapụrụ na Phil Jagielka merụrụ ahụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2009, ọ gbara goolu nke ya na mmeri Everton 2-0 meriri Liverpool na Merseyside derby. A na-ahọrọ Distin, Jagielka na John Heitinga karịa Yobo, na-eme ka ọ nọrọ n'oche. Na 31 Ọgọst 2010, Yobo bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mbinye ego otu afọ na Fenerbahçe. Yobo mere egwuregwu 30 wee nye goolu, nyere ndị otu ya aka inweta mmeri. Na 6 Septemba 2011, Fenerbahçe na Everton kwetara n'ịgbazinye ego ọzọ maka € 700,000 na Yobo bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta otu afọ ruru € 2.35 nde. Na 4 August 2012, ọ bịanyere aka na Fenerbahçe, oge a na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ, mgbe ya na Everton nọrọ afọ iri. Na 17 Ọgọọst, Fenerbahçe gbara Torku Konyaspor na Yobo wee nweta goolu na egwuregwu ahụ. Nkwekọrịta ya na Fenerbahçe kwụsịrị site na usoro abụọ tupu oge 2014-15. N'August 31, 2014, e nyere ya ihe nrite nke ọma wee wepụta ya na Fenerbahçe. === Obodo Norwich === Na 30 Jenụwarị 2014, Yobo laghachiri England na mgbazinye na Norwich City maka oge fọdụrụnụ na-ele anya ịkwaga na-adịgide adịgide n'oge ọkọchị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25958861|title=Transfer window 2014: Norwich City sign Joseph Yobo on loan|date=30 January 2014|accessdate=31 January 2014|author=Oluwashina Okeleji}}</ref> O gosipụtara nke mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ site na mpempe akwụkwọ dị ọcha megide klọb kachasị elu Manchester City na 8 Febụwarị.<ref>{{Cite news|date=8 February 2014|accessdate=8 February 2014|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25995045|title=Barclays Premier League: Norwich City 0–0 Manchester City}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Yobo bụ onye bụbu onye mba [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]], onye e meriri Ugboro 101 ma nọchite anya Super Eagles na iko ụwa FIFA atọ na asọmpi mba Afrịka isii.<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=178403/profile-detail.html|title=Joseph Yobo|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ sonyere na ọsọ Naịjirịa na 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship quarter-finals, Yobo mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa megide Zambia na [[2002 FIFA World Cup]] qualification (CAF)">2002 FIFA World Cup qualifier na 24 Machị 2001. <ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=178403/profile-detail.html|title=Joseph Yobo|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ isii niile n'egwuregwu ndị otu ahụ na 2002 Africa Cup of Nations ma tinye ya na ndị otu maka 2002 FIFA World Cup, ebe ọ nọkwa mgbe niile, <ref name="rsssf">{{Cite news|title=Joseph Phillip Yobo – International Appearances|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/yobo-intl.html|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> na-enyere [[Julius Aghahowa]] aka na mmeri 2-1 na Sweden. <ref>{{Cite news|date=7 June 2002|accessdate=1 July 2014|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/matches_wallchart/sweden_v_nigeria/default.stm|title=Swedes knock out Nigeria}}</ref> Yobo pụtara na World Cup nke abụọ ya na asọmpi 2010 na South Africa, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ ghọrọ onye isi ụgbọ mmiri na ezumike nká mba ụwa nke [[Nwankwo Kanu]].<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=178403/profile-detail.html|title=Joseph Yobo|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Onye na-agbachitere ndị agha abụghịzi onye egwuregwu mbụ a họọrọ na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, mana o welitere iko ahụ mgbe ọ pụtara dị ka onye na-anọchi anya nkeji nke 89 na mmeri ikpeazụ nke Naịjirịa 1-0 nke Burkina Faso.<ref>{{Cite news|date=10 February 2013|accessdate=1 July 2014|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/21403223|title=Africa Cup of Nations final as it happened}}</ref> Na June 2014, Yobo so na ndị otu Stephen Keshi maka iko mba ụwa nke 2014. Akpọrọ ya aha n'ahịrị mmalite maka egwuregwu nke abụọ na nke atọ, na-enyere ndị Super Eagles aka ka ha nweta 1-0 dị ọcha na Bosnia na Herzegovina. Na 30 June, o mere ihe ngosi 100 nke mba ụwa, na-achị Nigeria megide France na agba nke 16. Mgbe ọ gbasịrị ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na mmeri 2-0, Yobo kwupụtara ịla ezumike nká na football mba ụwa, na-ekwu, sị: "Nke a bụ ya. Enwere m ike ileghachi anya ọrụ m na nnukwu mpako. Achọrọ m ịhapụ obodo m. Ịkụ France abụghị ụzọ m ga-esi na-eme ihe ọ bụla na mba ndị ọzọ. ohere ịbịa n'ihu. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2020, ndị Nigeria Football Federation họpụtara Yobo ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nkuzi Super Eagles mgbe nzukọ dị mkpirikpi e nwere na [[Abuja]] gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joseph-yobo-confirmed-as-new-nigeria-assistant-coach/16570j9r5hjx314q3mjy39m8dt|title=Yobo confirmed as new Nigeria assistant coach {{!}} Goal.com|work=www.goal.com|accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nkuzi iji dochie Imama Amapakabo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brila.net/nff-fires-imama-appoints-joseph-yobo-as-super-eagles-assistant-coach/|title=NFF Fires Imama, Appoints Joseph Yobo As Super Eagles Assistant Coach|author=Saliu|first=Mohammed|date=12 February 2020|work=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Adewale|author=Charles|title=Joseph Yobo appointed new Super Eagles assistant coach|date=12 February 2020|url=https://soccerblitz.com.ng/nigeria/super-eagles/joseph-yobo-appointed-new-super-eagles-assistant-coach/|accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/51481160|title=Joseph Yobo: Former Nigeria captain appointed as assistant coach|date=12 February 2020|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=12 February 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> Yobo kwuru "M na-eweta mkpali ahụ. Dị ka onye bụbu onyeisi, ana m eweta mkpali. Anọwo m ebe ahụ ma emeela ya niile. Abụ m onye na-akwado otu ahụ tupu m bụrụ onye na-enyere m aka, yabụ ahụla m site n'echiche siri ike otú ndị mmadụ si eche mgbe ha na-ekiri otu ahụ. Anyị dị ka ndị egwuregwu, mgbe ha na ya na-egwu egwu, anaghị ahụ ihe ndị a mana mgbe m lara ezumike nká, enye m echiche m echiche banyere ihe a ka anyị na-eme n'ime ihe m dị elu.<ref>{{Cite news|title=I'll bring motivation, experience to Eagles – Yobo|url=https://punchng.com/ill-bring-motivation-experience-to-eagles-yobo/|accessdate=5 February 2021|work=[[The Punch]]|date=13 April 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, mgbe ha nwesịrị mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị, Yobo lụrụ onye bụbu MBGN [[Adaeze Yobo|Adaeze Igwe]] n'ememe etiti abalị e mere na [[Jos]]. Di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ n'ememe dị ala naanị ọnwa atọ ka ha zutere na Disemba 2009. Otú ọ dị, a maara na a na-ekwu na ha na-agbalị izochi nsogbu alụmdi na nwunye ha n'ihu ndị nta akụkọ na ọha na eze. Di na nwunye ahụ nabatara nwa nwoke aha ya bụ Joey Yobo n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2010. Ọ bụ nwanne nwoke nke onye bụbu onye mba Naijiria bụ [[Albert Yobo]]. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2008, a tọọrọ nwanne ya nwoke nke obere Norum na Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria ma jide ya maka mgbapụta. E mechara tọhapụ ya mgbe ụbọchị iri na abụọ gachara na 17 Julaị 2008. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Yobo's Brother Released|date=19 March 2008|accessdate=13 April 2011|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/2260/modise-says-he-is-not-feeling-affects-of-fatigue.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227055028/http://www.kickoff.com/news/2260/modise-says-he-is-not-feeling-affects-of-fatigue.php|archivedate=27 December 2010}}</ref> A kọrọ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Naijiria na Yobo gara [[T. B. Joshua|T.B. Joshua]] maka ekpere mgbe o merụrụ ahụ n'ọkpụkpụ ụkwụ na 2010 Africa Cup of Nations . <ref>{{Cite news|first=Peter|author=Auf der Heyde|title=Sports Medicine – African Style|date=27 January 2010|url=http://news.monstersandcritics.com/africa/features/article_1528962.php/Sports-medicine-African-style-Feature|work=Monsters and Critics}}</ref> Yobo na nwunye ya, Adaeze Igwe nwetara utu aha nke Mene Aborlo 1 na Waamene Aborlo 1' nke Ogoniland site n'aka Eze GNK Gininwa nke Ogoni Kingdom na Satọdee, 28 Mee 2016. Nke a bụ otu ụbọchị mgbe Gọọmentị Rivers State haziri egwuregwu akaebe ya na Friday, 27 May 2016 N'afọ 2007, Yobo guzobere Joseph Yobo Charity Foundation, iji nyere ụmụaka na-enweghị ihe ùgwù aka na Naịjirịa. Ka ọ na-erule 18 Julaị 2007, o nyela ihe karịrị 300 agụmakwụkwọ site na praịmarị ruo na mahadum. Yobo amalitela ụlọ akwụkwọ bọọlụ na mpaghara Ogoni nke Naịjirịa. Ọ na-ejikwa ogige bọọlụ na Lagos. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.11v11.com/index.php?pageID=537&playerID=13830|title=Joseph Yobo : Biography}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko mba ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- |Standard Liège |2000–01 |Ngalaba Mbụ nke Belgium |30 |2 | | | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |30 |2 |- |Olympique Marseille |2001–02 |Nkewa 1 |23 |0 | | | | | colspan="2" | - |23 |0 |- |Everton (nke a gbazinyere) |2002–03 |Njikọ Premier |24 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |26 |0 |- | rowspan="8" |Everton |2003–04 |Njikọ Premier |28 |2 |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |31 |2 |- |2004–05 |Njikọ Premier |27 |0 |3 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |33 |0 |- |2005–06 |Njikọ Premier |29 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |4[a] |1 |34 |2 |- |2006–07 |Njikọ Premier |38 |2 |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |40 |2 |- |2007–08 |Njikọ Premier |30 |1 |0 |0 |2 |0 |7[b] |0 |39 |1 |- |2008–09 |Njikọ Premier |27 |1 |3 |0 |1 |0 |2[b] |0 |33 |1 |- |2009–10 |Njikọ Premier |17 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |6[b] |1 |23 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !196 !8 !8 !0 !10 !0 !19 !2 !233 !10 |- | rowspan="3" |Fenerbahçe (onye a gbazitere) |2010–11 |Süper Lig |30 |1 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |33 |1 |- |2011–12 |Süper Lig |39 |1 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |42 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !69 !2 !6 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !75 !2 |- | rowspan="3" |Fenerbahçe |2012–13 |Süper Lig |20 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |12[c] |0 |34 |0 |- |2013–14 |Süper Lig |1 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |3[d] |0 |5 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !21 !1 !3 !0 !0 !0 !15 !0 !38 !1 |- |Norwich City (nke e gbazitere) |2013–14 |Njikọ Premier |8 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !371 !13 !17 !0 !12 !0 !34 !2 !437 !15 |}    === Mba Nile === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="16" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2001 |7 |0 |- |2002 |12 |0 |- |2003 |3 |1 |- |2004 |10 |2 |- |2005 |6 |0 |- |2006 |8 |0 |- |2007 |4 |0 |- |2008 |10 |2 |- |2009 |5 |0 |- |2010 |10 |0 |- |2011 |11 |2 |- |2012 |2 |0 |- |2013 |6 |0 |- |2014 |6 |0 |- !Ngụkọta !101 !7<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/110406/Yobos_caps_putting_the_records_straight|author=Kunle Solaja|title=Yobo's caps: putting the records straight|publisher=[[SuperSport (South African broadcaster)|SuperSport]]|date=6 April 2011}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Joseph Yobo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/yobo-intl.html|title=Joseph Phillip Yobo – Century of International Appearances|work=[[RSSSF]]|accessdate=29 May 2019}}</ref> !# !Ụbọchị !Ebe a na-anọ !Onye mmegide !Ihe ruru !Nsonaazụ !Ịsọ mpi |- |1. |1 June 2003 |[[National Stadium, Lagos|Lagos National Stadium]], Lagos, Nigeria | Cameroon |1–0 |3–0 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- |2. |31 Jenụwarị 2004 |Ogige Mustapha Ben Jannet, Monastir, Tunisia | South Africa |1–0 |4–0 |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2004 |- |3. |3 Julaị 2004 |[[Abuja]] Stadium, Abuja, Nigeria | Algeria |1–0 |1–0 |2006 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |4. |June 7, 2008 |National Stadium, Freetown, Sierra Leone | Sierra Leone |0–1 |0–1 |2010 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |5. |15 June 2008 |Malabo Stadium, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea | Equatorial Guinea |0–1 |0–1 |2010 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |6. |June 5, 2011 |[[Addis Ababa]] Stadium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | Ethiopia |2–2 |2–2 |2012 African Cup of Nations iru eru |- |7. |4 Septemba 2011 |Mahamasina Stadium, Antananarivo, Madagascar | Madagascar |0–1 |0–2 |2012 African Cup of Nations iru eru |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Fenerbahce''' * Süper Lig: 2010-112010–11 * Iko Turkey: 2011-12, 2012-132012–13 '''Naịjirịa''' * Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013 '''Iwu''' * Onye isi nke Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-agba bọọlụ ụmụ nwoke nwere 100 ma ọ bụ karịa mba ụwa == Edensibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * {{Cite web|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/|title=Joseph Yobo Foundation Charity founded by Joseph Yobo|accessdate=17 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122131511/http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/|archivedate=22 January 2008}} * [https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm BBC Coverage nke Joseph Yobo Foundation] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100604041417/http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp Mpụta mba ụwa] * {{Cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/PlayerProfile/0%2C%2C12306~22817%2C00.html|title=Premier League profile|accessdate=17 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002045100/http://www.premierleague.com/page/PlayerProfile/0%2C%2C12306~22817%2C00.html|archivedate=2 October 2012}} * Joseph Yobo-UEFAndekọ asọmpi (Ihe ndekọ)   * Joseph Yobo-FIFAndekọ asọmpi (echekwara) [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4d5sii5kctcmdkzjhwojjl2akjt223k 0 75329 632346 2026-05-08T23:21:19Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342418391|Austin Ejide]]" 632346 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Augustine "Austin" Amamchukwu Ejide''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-Augustine "Austin" Amamchukwu Ejide.wav|Listen}}<sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable">[[:File:LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-Augustine "Austin" Amamchukwu Ejide.wav|ⓘ]]</sup> MON (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 8 n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1984) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu. Ejide gbara bọọlụ maka Gabros International na Bastia na Corsica, nke gbara ọsọ na Ligue 2. Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu Israel bụ Hapoel Be'er Sheva ruo n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2015, ma mesịa gbaa bọọlụ na Hapoel Hadera. A mụrụ Ejide na Onitsha, Anambra steeti. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na Gabros International ebe ọ na-eme nke ọma tupu ọ banye Étoile du Sahel . Ya na klọb Tunisia, ọ rutere CAF Champions League ugboro abụọ. Na 2006, Ejide sonyeere Bastia nke French Ligue 2, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ atọ tupu ọ kwaga ụlọ ọgbakọ Israel Hapoel Petah Tikva, ebe o nyeere ndị otu ahụ aka ka ha ghara ịdaba. Ejide kwagara Hapoel Be'er Sheva na 2012, ebe ọ na-egwuri egwu ruo na njedebe nke oge 2014–15. Na 2017–18, Ejide mere ngosi 27 wee dobe mpempe akwụkwọ iri na ise dị ọcha. Ntugharị a nwetara nkwalite Hapoel Hadera na Premier League nke Israel. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ejide made his debut for [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] against Namibia on 16 June 2001.<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=184856/profile-detail.html|title=Austine EJIDE|accessdate=20 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> He has been named in three FIFA World Cup squads: 2002 in Japan and South Korea, 2010 in South Africa, and 2014 in Brazil.<ref name="fifa" /> He has also been a member of the Super Eagles' squad at five Africa Cup of Nations tournaments: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2013, winning the competition in the latter.<ref name="fifa" /> In 2013, he was selected for Nigeria's squad at the FIFA Confederations Cup.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Na 2008, Africa Cup of Nations nke e mere na [[Ghana]], onye nkuzi Naijiria Berti Vogts họọrọ Ejide dị ka onye na-edebe goolu mbụ, n'ihu [[Vincent Enyeama]], na egwuregwu anọ niile nke Super Eagles.<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=184856/profile-detail.html|title=Austine EJIDE|accessdate=20 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140614163745/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=184856/profile-detail.html "Austine EJIDE"]. FIFA. Archived from [https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=184856/profile-detail.html the original] on 14 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> Na 21 Jenụwarị 2008, ọ gbara egwuregwu mbụ ya na AFCON ka Naịjirịa meriri Ivory Coast 2-1 na egwuregwu mbụ nke Group B. Otú ọ dị, ọ nọgidere na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla na Naịjirịja 0-0 draw na Mali na 2-0 mmeri na Benin. == Ndụ onwe onye == Aha ya, Amamchukwu, pụtara "''Amaara m Chineke''". == Nsọpụrụ == '''Iwu''' * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Player profile – SC-Bastia.comnaỤgbọ Mmiri Wayback (nke e debere na 2006-12-06) * Austin EjidenaÌgwè Ndị ỌrụEgwuregwu bọọlụ (n'asụsụ French) * Austin Ejidena National-Football-Teams.com * Austin Ejiden'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fe1v9rpcazxvj3f9jnlknd359xacg5s 0 75330 632347 2026-05-08T23:27:40Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345451597|Brown Ideye]]" 632347 wikitext text/x-wiki   Aide Brown Ideye MON (amụrụ n'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1988) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba ọsọ. Ọ nọchitere anya [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na mba ụwa, merie iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ mmalite === A mụrụ ya na [[Yenagoa]], Bayelsa State, Nigeria, Ideye malitere ọrụ ya na Bayelsa United tupu ọ kwaga Ocean Boys.<ref name="NFT">{{Cite web|title=Ideye, Brown|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/38157/Brown_Ideye.html|work=NFT|accessdate=19 June 2015}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/38157/Brown_Ideye.html "Ideye, Brown"]. </cite></ref> Ọ bụ onye otu Ocean Boys nke meriri Nigeria Premier League na 2006. <ref name="NFT" /> Na Jenụwarị afọ 2008, Ideye kwagara Europe ka ọ bịanye aka na klọb Swiss Super League Neuchâtel Xamax. Tupu ọ gaa Switzerland, ọ nọ n'ụlọ ikpe na Willem II nke Netherlands, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omroepbrabant.nl/?news/86059852/Ideye+Brown+niet+naar+Willem+II.aspx|title=Ideye Brown niet naar Willem II|language=nl}}</ref> mana a bịaghị aka na ya. Mgbe afọ atọ gachara na Xamax, Ideye hapụrụ ka ọ bịanye aka na klọb French Ligue 1 Sochaux . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blick.ch/sport/fussball/international/ligue1/ideye-brown-fuer-6-millionen-zu-sochaux-138414|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120723070350/http://www.blick.ch/sport/fussball/international/ligue1/ideye-brown-fuer-6-millionen-zu-sochaux-138414|archivedate=23 July 2012|title=Jetzt ist es fix!: Ideye Brown für stolze 6 Millionen zu Sochaux&nbsp;– Blick Online}}</ref> === Dynamo Kyiv === Na 6 Julaị 2011, Ideye bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ ise na Dynamo Kyiv nke Ukraine. O mere mpụta mbụ ya na 16 Julaị megide Oleksandria, nyere goolu abụọ. N'egwuregwu nke abụọ ya maka Dynamo, ọ gbara ọzọ, oge a megide Obolon Kyiv. Na 7 Ọgọst 2012, Ideye meriri onye meriri na UEFA Champions League ntozu agba nke atọ megide Feyenoord, nke Dynamo mechara ruo na. Ọ gbakwara ọkpụ goolu abụọ megide Borussia Mönchengladbach n'agba nke abụọ n'asọmpi playoff. Mönchengladbach meriri egwuregwu ahụ 2–1, mana Kyiv gara n'ọkwa otu Champions League 4–3 na mkpokọta.[4] Na 15 Mee 2014, Ideye bụ onye nnọchi ejighi ya na mmeri Dynamo 2–1 meriri Shakhtar Donetsk na 2014 Ukrainian Cup Final. === West Bromwich Albion === Na 18 July 2014, Ideye bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na ụlọ ọrụ English Premier League West Bromwich Albion, na-aghọ ihe ndekọ ndekọ nke ụlọ ọrụ maka ego a kọrọ na ọ bụ £ 10 nde. Nkwekọrịta ahụ gụnyere nhọrọ na ikike klọb maka otu afọ ọzọ.[1][2] Mgbe mmalite siri ike n'oge ahụ na England, Ideye meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 3-1 meriri Manchester City na Boxing Day 2014, wee merie ugboro anọ n'ime ụbọchị isii na February 2015 na ihe mgbaru ọsọ megide Burnley na Swansea City na Premier League na abụọ megide West Ham United na iko FA. On 31 August 2015, Ideye joined Olympiacos from West Brom for an undisclosed fee, though believed to be around €6 million.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brown Ideye sold to Greek club|url=http://www.wba.co.uk/news/article/wba-albion-brown-ideye-olympiakos-2659239.aspx|publisher=West Bromwich Albion|date=31 August 2015|accessdate=31 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Official: Ideye departs West Brom for Olympiakos|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/11/transfer-zone/2015/08/31/14928332/official-ideye-departs-west-brom-for-olympiakos|date=31 August 2015|accessdate=31 August 2015}}</ref> The prospect of featuring in the Champions League again was rumoured to play a crucial role in convincing Ideye to move to the Athens-based club.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brown Ideye Joins Olympiakos|url=http://www.soccernet.ng/2015/08/brown-ideye-joins-olympiakos.html|date=31 August 2015|author=Akangbe|first=Biyi}}</ref> Na 20 Ọktoba 2015, Ideye nwetara goolu na mmeri otu asọmpi Champions League nke Olympiacos meriri Dinamo Zagreb (1–0). Ọ meriri ihe mmeri nkeji iri asaa na itoolu site n'itinye aka siri ike wee gbapụta onwe ya maka ọgbaghara dị ịtụnanya na mbụ na ọkara nke abụọ. Na 9 Maachị 2016, Ideye nwetara onyinye na-enye ego sitere na China n'oge windo mbufe January, agbanyeghị, ọ jụrụ onyinye ahụ ka ọ họọrọ ịnọnyere ndị mmeri Super League Greece na-achị. Na 17 Eprel 2016, ọ bụ onye bụ isi maka klọb ahụ ka ọ na-eme ememe mmeri nke asọmpi ụlọ maka oge nke isii n'usoro. === Tianjin Teda === Ideye hapụrụ Olympiakos gaa n'akụkụ Chinese Super League Tianjin Teda <ref>{{Cite news|title=Ideye the latest African to move to China|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/39052994|date=22 February 2017}}</ref> na windo mbufe Jenụwarị 2017. Ideye sonyeere klọb ndị China na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na ọkara maka ego mbufe nke € 12 nde. Nkwekọrịta ya, nke gara n'ihu ruo n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2019, ruru € 3.5 nde kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Brown Ideye joins Mikel in China|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/224197-brown-ideye-joins-mikel-china.html|date=21 February 2017|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> Na 29 Jenụwarị 2018, Ideye sonyeere otu egwuregwu La Liga nke Spain na Malaga maka ọnwa isii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ideye brings power and definition upfront|url=https://www.malagacf.com/en/news/ideye-brings-power-and-definition-upfront|date=29 January 2018}}</ref> Na 20 June 2019, ọ sonyeere Aris na nkwekọrịta otu afọ, maka ego € 500,000 kwa afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/omades/Aris/arhs-anakoinwse-ton-intege-gia-enan-xrono.5541262.html|title=Άρης: Ανακοίνωσε τον Ιντέγε για έναν χρόνο|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=20 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48871285|title=Brown Ideye: Nigeria striker looks to revive career in Greece|date=4 July 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=27 August 2019|first=Mohamed Fajah|author=Barrie}}</ref> Ideye ga-echere ruo n'etiti Septemba iji chọta goolu mbụ ya, mgbe ọ gbara na mmeri 4-0 dị egwu n'ụlọ megide Panathinaikos, nke bụkwa nke mbụ n'oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/arhs-panathhnaikos-4-0-kitrinh-tessara-sto-prasino-nayagio.5597763.html|title=Άρης - Παναθηναϊκός 4-0: Κίτρινη τεσσάρα στο πράσινο ναυάγιο|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=15 September 2019}}</ref> Otu izu mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ natara obe dị ala site n'aka Giannis Fetfatzidis wee zipụ bọọlụ ahụ n'azụ net, na-emeghe akara na Derby nke Thessaloniki megide PAOK, nke mechara dị ka 2-2 draw.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/paok-arhs-2-2-matsara-sthn-toumpa-vathmo-me-misits-o-dikefalos-sto-90-7.5602663.html|title=ΠΑΟΚ - Άρης 2-2: Ματσάρα στην Τούμπα, βαθμό με Μίσιτς ο Δικέφαλος στο 90+7'|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=22 September 2019}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2019, o si n'ebe a na-eme penalty gbaa bọọlụ, merie Panetolikos 2-0 n'ụlọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/arhs-panaitwlikos-2-0-me-penalti-kai-clean-sheet-sto-2-2-epi-epoxhs-eningk.5626989.html|title=Άρης - Παναιτωλικός 2-0: Με πέναλτι και clean sheet στο 2/2 επί εποχής Ένινγκ|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=27 October 2019}}</ref> N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2019, ọ laghachiri n'egwuregwu ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, mgbe a kwụsịtụrụ egwuregwu abụọ, wee gbaa bọọlụ na mmeri 3-1 megide OFI.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/ofh-arhs-3-1-xtuphma-kompras-me-anatroph.5656221.html|title=ΟΦΗ - Άρης 3-1: Χτύπημα κόμπρας με ανατροπή|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=14 December 2019}}</ref> N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2019, onye Naijiria na-agba ọsọ bụ Brown Ideye gbara bọọlụ mgbe nkeji iri na abụọ na iri abụọ na ise gachara iji mee ka Aris nwee mmeri 4-0 megide Volos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gazzetta.gr/football/superleague/article/1426670/aris-volos-4-0|title=Άρης - Βόλος 4-0|publisher=www.gazzetta.gr|date=19 December 2019}}</ref> N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2020, ọ gbara bọọlụ na mmeri 1-0 megide Xanthi, n'akụkụ mbụ nke agba nke iri na isii nke Greek Cup <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/GreekCup/ksanthh-arhs-0-1-vhma-prokrishs-me-mvp-fetfatzidh-kai-skorer-intege.5666936.html|title=Ξάνθη - Άρης 0-1: Βήμα πρόκρισης με MVP Φετφατζίδη και σκόρερ Ιντέγε|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=8 January 2020}}</ref> na mmeghachi omume ọ gbara bido ọzọ, nyere aka na mmeri 2-1 na iru eru na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/GreekCup/arhs-ksanthh-2-1-me-anatroph-stoys-8.5669577.html|title=Άρης - Ξάνθη 2-1: Με ανατροπή στους "8"|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=14 January 2020}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2020, o nyere akara n'egwuregwu 2-2 megide Lamia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/lamia-arhs-2-2-afhse-th-doyleia-sth-mesh.5685444.html|title=Λαμία - Άρης 2-2: Άγγιξε ανατροπή και playoffs|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=22 February 2020}}</ref> N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2020, ọ gbara bọọlụ n'egwuregwu 3-1 megide Olympiacos maka Egwuregwu Super League.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sport24.gr/football/ellada/SuperLeague/olympiakos-arhs-3-1-katharise-se-enteka-lepta.5720961.html|title=Ολυμπιακός - Άρης 3-1: "Καθάρισε" σε έντεκα λεπτά|publisher=www.sport24.gr|date=14 June 2020}}</ref> === Enyimba === Na Disemba 2024, Ideye bịanyere aka na klọb Njikọ Football Professional nke Naijiria [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] ruo na ngwụcha oge 2024-25. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Meshioye|first=David|title=Brown Ideye joins Enyimba International|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/football/brown-ideye-joins-enyimba-international/|accessdate=31 December 2024|date=30 December 2024|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị klọb ahụ na ngwụcha oge ahụ, o welitere nchegbu n'ihu ọha banyere ọdịmma ndị egwuregwu na ego a na-akwụghị ụgwọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nlebem|first=Anthony|date=2025-07-23|title=Brown Ideye slams Enyimba over unpaid bonuses, poor player welfare|url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/brown-ideye-slams-enyimba-over-unpaid-bonuses-poor-player-welfare/|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Inyang|first=Ifreke|date=2025-07-23|title=NPFL: Pay me my bonuses - Ex-Super Eagles forward Brown Ideye calls out Enyimba|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/07/23/npfl-pay-me-my-bonuses-ex-super-eagles-forward-brown-ideye-calls-out-enyimba/|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ideye nọchitere anya mba ya na 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup na Canada. Ọ gbara egwuregwu ise na asọmpi ahụ ma gbaa otu goolu, megide Costa Rica.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273285/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618110039/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273285/index.html|archivedate=18 June 2008|title=FIFA Player Statistics: Brown IDEYE|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=18 July 2014}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2010, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi dịka akụkụ nke ndị otu mmadụ iri atọ maka 2010 FIFA World Cup na South Africa. Ọ bụghị akụkụ nke ndị otu iri abụọ na atọ ikpeazụ, mana a kpọrọ ya mgbe [[John Obi Mikel|Mikel John Obi]] merụrụ ahụ n'ikpere wee wepụ onye ọgba bọọlụ ahụ na asọmpi ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/newsid=1229093/index.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607043052/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/newsid=1229093/index.html|archivedate=7 June 2010|title=Ideye replaces Mikel|publisher=FIFA|date=5 June 2010|accessdate=5 June 2010}}</ref> A kpọkwara Ideye ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013, na-egwu ọtụtụ egwuregwu ha na asọmpi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref name="stats">{{Cite web|title=B. Idye – stats|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/ideye-brown/32887/|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=19 August 2014}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu nke abụọ nke Naịjirịa na mmeri 4-1 ha meriri Mali wee gbaa bọọlụ na mmeri 1-0 ha meriri Burkina Faso na nke ikpeazụ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Glendenning|first=Barry|title=Mali 1-4 Nigeria: Africa Cup of Nations semi-final – as it happened|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/feb/06/mali-nigeria-africa-cup-of-nations-semi-live|accessdate=27 September 2020|work=The Guardian|date=6 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="acup13">{{Cite web|author=Hughes|first=Ian|title=Nigeria 1 – 0 Burkina Faso|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21396138|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=19 August 2014|date=10 February 2013}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHughes2013">Hughes, Ian (10 February 2013). </cite></ref> A họpụtara Ideye maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ideye ghọrọ "Director of Player Pathways and Partnerships" ugbu a na Atlantic Business Football Club na July 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sports|first=Pulse|date=2025-07-24|title=Super Eagles icon Ideye gets new job weeks after leaving Kanu Nwankwo’s Enyimba|url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/super-eagles-icon-ideye-gets-new-job-weeks-after-leaving-kanu-nwankwos-enyimba-2025072412575982048|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=Pulse Sports Nigeria|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Mogoli|first=Precious|date=2025-07-25|title=Former Super Eagles striker Brown Ideye joins Atlantic Business FC as Director of Player Pathways and Partnerships|url=https://sportsbusinessinafrica.com/news/brown-ideye-atlantic-business-fc/|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=Sports Business in Africa|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-07-24|title=Brown Ideye Gets New Role at Atlantic Business FC After Leaving Enyimba|url=https://sportsration.com/brown-ideye-gets-new-role-at-atlantic-business-fc-after-leaving-enyimba/|accessdate=2025-07-28|work=SportsRation|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {{updated|match played 7 November 2021}}<ref name="Soccerway">{{cite web|title=B. Ideye|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/ideye-brown/32887/|website=Soccerway|access-date=19 June 2015}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko mba[a] ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ[b] ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- |Bayelsa United |2006<ref name="NFT">{{Cite web|title=Ideye, Brown|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/38157/Brown_Ideye.html|work=NFT|accessdate=19 June 2015}}</ref> |Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria |19 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |6 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Ocean Boys F.C.|Ụmụ nwoke Ocean]] |2006<ref name="NFT" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria |5 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |1 |- |2007<ref name="NFT" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria |8 |9 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |9 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !13 !10 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !13 !10 |- | rowspan="4" |Neuchâtel Xamax |2007–08<ref name="NFT" /> |Njikọ Super Switzerland |5 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |1 |- |2008–09 |Njikọ Super Switzerland |33 |10 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |34 |10 |- |2009–10 |Njikọ Super Switzerland |17 |12 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |17 |12 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !55 !23 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !56 !23 |- | rowspan="3" |Ihe ndị e ji mara ala |2009–10 |Njikọ 1 |17 |2 |3 |3 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |20 |5 |- |2010–11 |Njikọ 1 |35 |15 |3 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |38 |17 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !52 !17 !6 !5 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !58 !22 |- | rowspan="4" |Dynamo Kyiv |2011–12 |Njikọ Premier nke Ukraine |27 |12 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |10[c] |2 |38 |14 |- |2012–13 |Njikọ Premier nke Ukraine |28 |17 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |11[d] |4 |39 |21 |- |2013–14 |Njikọ Premier nke Ukraine |19 |5 |3 |3 | colspan="2" | - |7[e] |2 |37 |10 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !74 !34 !5 !3 ! colspan="2" |- !28 !8 !107 !45 |- | rowspan="3" |West Bromwich Albion |2014–15 |Njikọ Premier |24 |4 |3 |2 |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - |30 |7 |- |2015–16 |Njikọ Premier |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !24 !4 !3 !2 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |- !31 !7 |- | rowspan="3" |Olympiacos |2015–16 |Njikọ Super Gris |23 |10 |4 |2 | colspan="2" | - |8[f] |1 |35 |13 |- |2016–17 |Njikọ Super Gris |20 |13 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - |8[g] |1 |30 |15 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !43 !23 !6 !3 ! colspan="2" |- !16 !2 !65 !28 |- |Tianjin Teda |2017 |Njikọ Super China |14 |4 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |14 |4 |- |Malaga (onye a gbazinyere) |2017–18 |[[La Liga|Njikọ ahụ]] |13 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |13 |1 |- |Aris |2019–20 |Njikọ Super Gris |22 |8 |5 |2 | colspan="2" | - |4[e] |0 |31 |10 |- | rowspan="3" |Göztepe |2020–21 |Süper Lig |30 |2 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |31 |3 |- |2021–22 |Süper Lig |5 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !35 !2 !1 !1 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !36 !3 |- |Al-Yarmouk |[[2022–23 Kuwaiti Division One|2022–23]] |Nkewa nke Mbụ nke Kuwait |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !364 !132 !27 !16 !4 !1 !48 !10 !443 !159 |}   : ''Ka ọ na-erule egwuregwu a gbara na 31 Mee 2016. Ntinye nke Naijiria depụtara na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ọsọ Ideye ọ bụla gasịrị.'' {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa site na ụbọchị, ebe, okpu, onye mmegide, akara, nsonaazụ na asọmpi ! scope="col" |Mba. ! data-sort-type="date" scope="col" |Ụbọchị ! scope="col" |Ebe a na-anọ ! scope="col" |Isi ! scope="col" |Onye mmegide ! scope="col" |Ihe ruru ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! scope="col" |Ịsọ mpi |- ! scope="row" |1 |14 Nọvemba 2012 |Marlins Park, Miami, United States |5 | Venezuela |1–0 |3–1 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- ! scope="row" |2 |6 Febụwarị 2013 |Moses Mabhida Stadium, Durban, South Africa |11 | Mali |2–0 |4–1 |2013 Africa Cup of Nations |- ! scope="row" |3 |31 Mee 2013 |NRG Stadium, Houston, United States |14 | Mexico |1–1 |2–2 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- ! scope="row" |4 | rowspan="2" |10 Septemba 2013 | rowspan="2" |[[Ahmadu Bello Stadium]], [[Kaduna]], Nigeria | rowspan="2" |20 | rowspan="2" | Burkina Faso |1–0 | rowspan="2" |4–1 | rowspan="2" |Ndị nwere omume enyi |- ! scope="row" |5 |2–0 |- ! scope="row" |6 |31 Mee 2016 |Egwuregwu Josy Barthel, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg |25 | Luxembourg |1–0 |3–1 |Ndị nwere omume enyi |} == Nsọpụrụ == [[Faịlụ:Brown_Ideye2014.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Ideye na 2014 Ukrainian Cup Final]] '''Ụmụ nwoke Ocean''' * Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria: 2006 '''Dynamo Kyiv''' * Iko Ukraine: 2013-14<ref name="cf14">{{Cite web|title=Dynamo 2 – 1 Shakthar|url=http://www.fpl.ua/ukr/protocol/2013_2014/cup/13/9/|publisher=fpl.ua|accessdate=19 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703072559/http://fpl.ua/ukr/protocol/2013_2014/cup/13/9/|archivedate=3 July 2014}}</ref> * Super Cup nke Ukraine: 2011 '''Olympiacos''' * Super League Greece: 2015-162015–16 * Onye nke abụọ na Greek Cup: 2015-162015–16 '''Naịjirịa''' * Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013<ref name="acup13">{{Cite web|author=Hughes|first=Ian|title=Nigeria 1 – 0 Burkina Faso|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21396138|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=19 August 2014|date=10 February 2013}}</ref> '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * Brown Ideyena National-Football-Teams.com * Brown Ideye- Statistics nke French league naLFP- dịkwan'asụsụ French (nke e debere) * [http://www.sportifafricain.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=972&Itemid=259 Ajụjụ ọnụ]  * Brown Ideyen'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ * Brown IdeyenaUAF (n'asụsụ Ukrainian) * Brown Ideyena FootballFacts.ru (n'asụsụ Russian) [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 32ih392pbnxo5eze4fr8pr6usdnx2ls 0 75331 632348 2026-05-08T23:30:46Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344501691|Ugo Ukah]]" 632348 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ugochukwu "Ugo" Ukah''' (amụrụ na 18 Jenụwarị 1984) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]]. A mụrụ ya na [[Italy|Ịtali]], Ukah nọchitere anya [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]]. == Ọrụ klọb == === Ọrụ mmalite === Ugo Ukah gbara bọọlụ maka otu ndị ntorobịa nke Parma F.C. Oge izizi ya dị ka onye egwuregwu dị elu malitere na oge bọọlụ 2001/2002, mgbe ọ sonyeere ọkwa nke anọ nke US Brescello. N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2002, ọ bịanyere aka na otu egwuregwu kachasị elu nke Ịtali A.C. Reggiana 1919 mana ọ pụtaghị na Serie A. Na ngwụcha oge ahụ, ọ hapụrụ Reggiana ma soro Truentina Castel di Lama na F.C. Pro Vasto gbaa bọọlụ n'afọ abụọ sochirinụ. === Ndị Queens Park Rangers === Ukah sonyeere Queens Park Rangers FC n'oge ọkọchị nke 2005–06. Ọ nọrọ otu oge na ọkara na QPR. Klọb ahụ gbara asọmpi, ọkwa nke abụọ nke bọọlụ Bekee na Ukah, onye ka dị afọ iri na ụma, nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ya na oche, na-eme otu ngosi na asọmpi n'oge 2005–06. Na May 2006, QPR kwupụtara na Ukah abanyela na ụlọ ọrụ Italian Nuorese Calcio na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ. Otú ọ dị, na Nọvemba 2006, e depụtara Ukah na mberede dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ QPR, na-enweghị nkọwa sitere na klọb. E mesịrị tọhapụrụ ya na nkwekọrịta ya wee hapụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na January 2007. O jiri oge fọdụrụnụ nke 2006-07 na Italy na Serie C n'akụkụ Giulianova Calcio. Ukah wee kwaga Widzew Łódź na Poland ma ga-egwuri egwu na klọb ahụ maka oge 5 sochirinụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu dị mkpa mgbe Widzew ghọrọ ndị mmeri nke Polish First Division (nke abụọ na Poland) oge abụọ n'usoro 2008-09 na 2009-10). N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2011, a kwụsịtụrụ Ukah n'ọrụ ndị otu mbụ mgbe a mara ya ikpe maka ịkwọ ụgbọala n'okpuru mmetụta. Mgbe oge 5 gasịrị na Łódź, Ukah kwagara n'akụkụ ọzọ dị elu na Poland, Jagiellonia Białystok, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ n'oge abụọ sochirinụ. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 2014, ọ ghọrọ onye nweere onwe ya, bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na ụlọ ọrụ Serbia FK Čukarički nke isi obodo Belgrade.[1] Ugo Ukah agbatịghị nkwekọrịta ya na ndị Serbia SuperLiga Čukarički, n'agbanyeghị atụmanya nke iru eru Europa League. Onye na-ahụ maka etiti ahụ nwere ọganihu na-aga nke ọma na Čukarički n'oge gara aga, na-enyere ụlọ ọrụ isi obodo aka imeri aha mbụ ha kemgbe ha malitere 88 afọ gara aga - Cup Serbia - ma mechaa nke atọ na SuperLiga. "Achọghị m ịgbatị nkwekọrịta m, nkwekọrịta mụ na Čukarički agwụla. "Enwere m oge dị mma," Ugo Ukah gwara news24.com. === AEL Kalloni === Enwere ike ikpughe na nkwekọrịta Ugochukwu Ukah dere na klọb Greek Kalloni bụ maka afọ abụọ, na-egwu na Greek Super League. "Abịanyewo m aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Kalloni ma malite ọzụzụ na otu ahụ na Mọnde (July 6), "Ugo Ukah gwara ''allnigeriasoccer.com''. === Selangor FA === N'ọnwa Julaị 2016, Ukah bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ na otu Malaysian Super League, Selangor FA, na-anọchi Robert Cornthwaite. === Penang FA === N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2018, ndị otu Malaysia Premier League FA Penang kwupụtara mbata nke onye na-agbachitere mba Naịjirịa bụ Ugo Ukah n'ụzọ a na-akọwaghị. Allnigeriasoccer.com ka onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ n'onwe ya gwara na ọ gbakwunyere aka ya na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ ya na Panthers. Ukah na-egwuri egwu ugbu a maka Panthers, Penang FA, otu klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ọkachamara na-egwuregwu ugbu a na ngalaba nke abụọ nke bọọlụ Malaysia, Malaysia Premier League. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Ukah onye amụrụ ma zụlite na Parma, Ịtali kwuru na ezinụlọ ya nwere obi ụtọ mgbe o mere nke mbụ ya maka Eagles na [[Kaduna]] megide Zambia. Onye nkuzi Samson Siasia kpọrọ onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ dị afọ iri abụọ na asaa n'oge ahụ, mana ọ nwetaghị ohere ya ruo mgbe egwuregwu Kaduna. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201112020501.html|title=Nigeria: Ukah Ready to Play Hard for Eagles|date=2011-12-02|work=Vanguard (Lagos)|accessdate=2018-05-14}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2014, Ukah kwuru na ọ wụsịghị ya akpata oyi n'ahụ na Naịjirịa erughị eru maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2015 na Equatorial Guinea n'ihi na ndị egwuregwu kachasị mma na mba ahụ anaghị agba bọọlụ maka otu ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule mgbe ahụ, onye na-agbachitere etiti Čukarički, onye Naijiria kpuchiri otu ugboro, jụrụ onye nkuzi yardsticks Stephen Keshi na-akpọ ndị egwuregwu na ihe mere o ji tinye ndị egwuregwu ga-enyere Naijiria aka n'ụbọchị egwuregwu. "Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na mba m hụrụ n'anya Naịjirịa erughị eru ịgbachitere iko mba ndị meriri n'afọ gara aga. Nke a bụ n'ihi na e nwere ndị egwuregwu ka mma karịa ndị na-egwuri egwu maka Naịjirị ugbu a, yabụ ha kwesịrị ohere igosi onwe ha na otu mba", Ukah gwara '''africanFootball.com.'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/ugo-ukah-faults-keshis-selection-policy/|title=Ugo Ukah faults Keshi's selection policy – The Nation Nigeria|date=2014-11-23|accessdate=2018-05-14|language=en-US|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == ; Widzew Łódź * I liga: 2008-09, 2009-10 ; Čukarički * Iko Serbia: 2014-15 == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ugo Ukahna Soccerbase * Ugo Ukahna90minut.pl (n'asụsụ Polish) [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4qfgegm77x5glbux6w6cws0nkj893no 0 75332 632349 2026-05-08T23:32:59Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342449529|Nosa Igiebor]]" 632349 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Emmanuel Nosakhare Igiebor''' MON (amụrụ na 9 Nọvemba 1990), nke a maara dị ka '''Nosa Igiebor''' ma ọ bụ Nosa, bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti. A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == Mgbe ọ pụtara n'ala nna ya na Sharks na Warri Wolves, Nosa sonyeere otu Tippeligaen Lillestrøm na 2009. O nwere ebe mbido n'oge ọ nọ na Norway, ebe ọ bụ otu dị mkpa na mkpọsa 2011, na-agba bọọlụ ugboro asatọ na egwuregwu iri na asaa. Na 8 Ọgọst 2011, Nosa bịanyere aka na Hapoel Tel Aviv, maka ego mbufe nke nde krone 8.[1] Na 18 August 2011, o mere mpụta mbụ ya maka Hapoel n'oge UEFA Europa League Playoffs megide FK Ekranas. Ụbọchị anọ ka e mesịrị, ọ meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya maka Hapoel megide Maccabi Petah-Tikva. Na 14 Mee 2012, Nosa meriri goolu mmeri na ngwụcha Iko Israel na 2–1 meriri Maccabi Haifa. On 24 August 2012, Nosa moved to Spain for a transfer fee of €1.2 million, signing a four-year deal with Real Betis. On 12 April 2013, he scored his first goal in Betis against Sevilla FC after coming on as a substitute in the 89th minute. He finished his two seasons in Betis with 2 goals in 28 appearances. Na 22 Julaị 2014, Nosa sonyeere Maccabi Tel-Aviv . <ref>Nosa sold to Maccabi {{Cite web|url=http://www.maccabi-tlv.co.il/en/news/news-articles/ben-basat-and-igiebor-s-transfers-agreed/|title=Home &#124; News &#124; News Articles &#124; MTA agree transfer of Ben Basat and Igiebor|accessdate=23 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726204109/http://www.maccabi-tlv.co.il/en/news/news-articles/ben-basat-and-igiebor-s-transfers-agreed/|archivedate=26 July 2014}}</ref> N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2014, o mere nke mbụ ya na Maccabi na mmeri 1-0 na Maribor n'oge Champions League Qualifiers . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Igiebor debuts in Maccabi Tel Aviv loss|url=http://africanfootball.com/news/444316/Igiebor-debuts-in-Maccabi-Tel-Aviv-loss|work=African Football|accessdate=1 July 2016|date=31 July 2014}}</ref> Na 8 Septemba 2017, Vancouver Whitecaps FC kwupụtara na a bịanyere aka na Nosa maka oge fọdụrụ na 2017, yana nhọrọ klọb maka 2018 na 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Whitecaps FC add Nigerian international midfielder Nosa Igiebor|url=https://www.whitecapsfc.com/post/2017/09/08/whitecaps-fc-add-nigerian-international-midfielder-nosa-igiebor?j=39594273&sfmc_sub=689619746&l=18382433_HTML&u=682690588&mid=10789553&jb=0|work=Whitecaps F.C.|accessdate=8 September 2017}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == '''Hapoel Tel Aviv''' * Iko Mba Israel: 2011-122011–12 '''Maccabi Tel Aviv''' * Israel Premier League: 2014-152014–15 * Iko Mba Israel: 2014-152014–15 * Iko Toto: 2014-152014–15 '''Iwu''' * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Nosa Emanuel Igiebor-FIFAndekọ asọmpi (echekwara) [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] igsu049b4jgwj9adw98b8z2l4ks73m8 0 75333 632350 2026-05-08T23:50:41Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352634604|Ahmed Musa]]" 632350 wikitext text/x-wiki   <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{updated|match played 13 November 2021.}} :''Scores and results list Nigeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Musa goal''.<ref name="NFT"/>'''Ahmed Musa OON MON''' (/ˈɑːxmɛd muːsə/ i; amụrụ n'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1992) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ ma ọ bụ onye na-agbachitere ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Nigeria Premier Football League Kano Pillars . Musa ghọrọ onye Naijiria mbụ gbara ihe karịrị otu ugboro n'egwuregwu FIFA World Cup, mgbe ọ gbara bọọlụ ugboro abụọ [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]]" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2014 FIFA World Cup Group F">megide Argentina na 2014 FIFA World Cup. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|title=World Cup 2014: Musa revels in Nigerian goals record|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/28035927|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=BBC Sport|date=26 June 2014}}</ref> Musa bụkwa onye Naijiria mbụ gbara bọọlụ n'asọmpi FIFA World Cup abụọ, mgbe ọ gbasịrị bọọlụ ọzọ megide Iceland na otu nke 2018 FIFA World Cup. <ref name="Vanguard">{{Cite news|title=Nigeria vs Iceland : Ahmed Musa first Nigerian to score at two World Cups|date=22 June 2018|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/06/nigeria-vs-iceland-ahmed-musa-first-nigerian-to-score-at-two-world-cups/|accessdate=8 September 2018|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye pụtara ugboro 111, ọ bụ onye egwuregwu kacha nwee akara na Naịjirịa kemgbe Nọvemba 2021. Musa bụ onye otu Saudi club Al Nassr nke meriri Saudi Premier League na Saudi Super Cup, ha abụọ na 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/sport/football/super-eagles-star-ahmed-musa-wins-prestigious-title-with-his-club-in-saudi-arabia/ar-BBYCLiK?li=AAIdK1J|title=Super Eagles star Ahmed Musa wins prestigious title with his club in Saudi Arabia|work=www.msn.com|accessdate=6 January 2020}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == Musa malitere ọrụ ya na GBS Football Academy . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3376/goalcom-youth-football/2010/11/13/2199634/goalcom-scouting-report-ahmed-musa-vvv-venlo-and-nigeria|title=Goal.com Scouting Report: Ahmed Musa – VVV Venlo and Nigeria|date=5 November 2010}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, a gbazinyere Musa na JUTH F.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kanopillars.com/home/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59:special-thanks-to-pillars-ahmad-musa&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=1|title=The Official Website of Kano Pillars Football Club – Masu Gida|accessdate=12 August 2016|archivedate=7 April 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407072141/http://www.kanopillars.com/home/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59:special-thanks-to-pillars-ahmad-musa&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=1}}</ref> ebe ọ gbara egwuregwu iri na asatọ, gbaa goolu anọ n'ime oge abụọ mbụ ya maka ndị Healers. E mechara gbazinye ya na Kano Pillars F.C., n'Oge 2009-10 ebe o setịpụrụ ndekọ league na-agba ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa ka Pillars mechara nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naijaligue.blogspot.com/2010/04/kano-pillars-is-bigger-than-me-ahmad.html|title=Nigerian Football League: Kano Pillars Is Bigger Than Me – Ahmad Musa|first=George|author=Akpayen|date=17 April 2010}}</ref> Musa nwere ihe ndekọ maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ kachasị elu a tụrụ n'otu oge n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Nigeria Premier League <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=1635|title=404 &#124; This post is not available &#124; All Nigeria Soccer|work=www.allnigeriasoccer.com}}</ref> ruo na Nọvemba 2011, mgbe [[Jude Aneke]] nke Kaduna United F.C. setịpụrụ ihe ndekọ ọhụrụ nke ihe mgbaru ndụ 20. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2011/nov/02-aneke-sets-new-npl-goals-tally.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118043458/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2011/nov/02-aneke-sets-new-npl-goals-tally.html|archivedate=18 November 2011|title=MTN Football}}</ref> === VVV-Venlo === Musa was transferred to [[Netherlands|Dutch]] club VVV-Venlo in summer 2010,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naijaligue.blogspot.com/2010/07/musa-leaves-for-vvv-venlo-in-fortnight.html|title=Nigerian Football League: Musa Leaves For VVV Venlo In Fortnight|first=George|author=Akpayen|date=29 July 2010}}</ref> but the move was held up because he was only 17 years of age and therefore not eligible for an ITC in accordance with the current FIFA rules. He was officially eligible to play for VVV-Venlo on 14 October 2010 when he eventually turned 18 years of age. N'ihe na-erughị otu izu mgbe ọ bịarutere na klọb ahụ, Musa mere nke mbụ ya maka VVV-Venlo megide FC Groningen na 30 Ọktoba. Ọ malitere egwuregwu ahụ maka VVV-Venlo, a kụrụ ya na nkeji nke iri ise wee nweta penalty kick.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NPL 2009/10 exports shine abroad|url=https://supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/101230/NPL_200910_exports_shine_abroad|accessdate=2021-06-01|work=supersport.com|language=en|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214112/https://supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/101230/NPL_200910_exports_shine_abroad}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye Goal.com kwuru n'etiti Hot 100 na-eto eto na-agba bọọlụ n'ụwa iji kirie na 2011, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3376/goalcom-youth-football/2011/01/01/2284652/goalcom-hot-100-the-young-stars-to-look-out-for-in-2011|title=Goal.com Hot 100 – The Young Stars To Look Out For in 2011|date=31 December 2010}}</ref> Lolade Adewuyi nke Goal. com tinyere ya na ndepụta nke Top Ten Nigerian International Players nke 2010 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/84/africa/2010/12/30/2283874/goalcoms-top-ten-nigerian-players-of-2010|title=Goal.com's Top Ten Nigerian Players of 2010|date=30 December 2010}}</ref> ma tinye ya na ndepụta IFFHS nke ndị egwuregwu 140 kachasị mma n'ụwa. Na 8 Machị 2011, Ahmed Musa meriri onye bọọlụ bọọlụ nke afọ nke AIT (mba). E mere emume ahụ na Presidential Hotel, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Ihe omume ahụ nwere ndị bịara, onye mmeri BBC African Footballer of the Year, onye Ghana Asamoah Gyan na ndị isi ọrụ si na Njikọ bọọlụ Naijiria gụnyere onye isi ala Aminu Maigari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201103140568.html|title=Nigeria: AIT Awards – Rewarding Soccer Excellence|first=Peter|author=Edema|date=14 March 2011|publisher=AllAfrica}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel, onye nduzi bọọlụ Venlo bụ Mario Captien kwuru na ndị nnọchi anya Tottenham Hotspur gara klọb ahụ gbasara onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.completesportsnigeria.com/news/2011/04/tottenham-interest-in-ahmed-musa-confirmed|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411051926/http://completesportsnigeria.com/news/2011/04/tottenham-interest-in-ahmed-musa-confirmed|title=VVV Confirm Totenham interest in Ahmed Musa 8 April 2011|archivedate=11 April 2011}}</ref> onye na-enyocha [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] bụ [[Tijani Babangida]] kwukwara na Ajax nwere mmasị na Musa mana a ga-ekpebi ihe ga-esi na ya pụta na ngwụcha oge ahụ. N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2011, Musa kụrụ aka iji mee ka Feyenoord daa 3-2 ma kwụsị egwu ọ bụla na-adịgide adịgide nke ịpụ na Eredivisie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,,12040_6908342,00.html|title=Eredivisie round-up}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2011, mgbe ọ lọtara na 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup na Colombia, Musa pụtara nke mbụ ya n'afọ 2011-12 n'ụlọ megide [[AFC Ajax]] ma gbaa goolu abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/|title=Soccer on ESPN - Scores, Stats and Highlights|work=ESPN.com}}</ref> Na Septemba, onye isi oche VVV-Venlo bụ Hai Berden kpu ghere na Eredivisie Live na VVV-Benlo ajụla ego ikpeazụ nke € 10 nde maka Musa site na Bundesliga. A kpughere aha klọb Bundesliga. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elfvoetbal.nl/Overige/162531/bundesliga-club-bood-tien-miljoen-euro-op-vvver-musa|title=Bundesliga-club bood tien miljoen euro op VVV'er Musa|work=Elfvoetbal.nl}}</ref>&nbsp; [[Faịlụ:Ahmed_Musa.jpg|thumb|281x281px|Musa na-egwuri egwu maka CSKA Moscow na 2012]] N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2014, ọ gbara goolu nkasi obi na nkeji iri asatọ na abụọ na 5-1 UEFA Champions League na A.S. Roma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=nl&u=http://www.vi.nl/Nieuws-item/213859/CSKA-Moskou-neemt-Musa-over-van-VVVVenlo.htm&ei=tZEIT_jDJo-YOq359e8H&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAA&prev=/search?q=CSKA+Moskou+neemt+Musa+over+van+VVV-Venlo&hl=en&biw=1909&bih=982&prmd=imvns|title=Google Translate|work=translate.google.com}}</ref> Na 1 June 2015, Musa bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ ọhụrụ na CSKA ruo na ngwụcha oge 2018-19. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa signs new 4-year deal with PFC CSKA|url=http://en.pfc-cska.com/news/team-news/Ahmed-Musa-signs-new-4-year-deal-with-PFC-CSKA/|work=[[PFC CSKA Moscow]]|accessdate=23 June 2015|date=1 June 2015}}</ref> Ọ gwụchara oge Premier League nke Russia na 2015-16 dị ka onye nke ise kachasị gbaa bọọlụ, na-aghọ otu n'ime naanị ndị egwuregwu asaa dị afọ 23 ma ọ bụ karịa iji nweta ọnụọgụ abụọ maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ na nke ọ bụla n'ime oge abụọ gara aga na asọmpi asaa kachasị elu na Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Musa Ahmed|url=http://en.pfc-cska.com/team/players/*4673/|work=en.pfc-cska.com/|publisher=CSKA Moscow|accessdate=14 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117021421/http://en.pfc-cska.com/team/players/*4673/|archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:David_Luiz_and_Ahmed_Musa.jpg|thumb|Musa (n'aka nri) na-egwuri egwu maka Leicester City na egwuregwu league megide Chelsea na Stamford Bridge na 15 Ọktoba 2016]] Na 8 Julaị 2016, Musa kwagara Leicester City maka ndekọ klọb £ 16.6 nde.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[Leicester City F.C.]]|url=http://www.lcfc.com/news/article/2016-17/leicester-city-agree-deal-for-ahmed-musa-3175203.aspx|title=Leicester City Agree Deal For Ahmed Musa|date=8 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231054424/http://www.lcfc.com/news/article/2016-17/leicester-city-agree-deal-for-ahmed-musa-3175203.aspx|archivedate=31 December 2016}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na klọb ahụ na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Barcelona na 2016 International Champions Cup nke gwụrụ na mmeri 4-2.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Barcelona 4-2 Leicester City: Foxes club-record signing Ahmed Musa scores twice|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36969444|accessdate=8 September 2020|work=BBC Sport|date=3 August 2016}}</ref> O mere Premier League mbụ ya na 13 Ọgọstụ 2016 n'ụbọchị mmeghe nke klọb ahụ mmeri 2-1 na Hull City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36994520|title=Hull City 2–1 Leicester City|publisher=BBC Sport|date=13 August 2016|accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na Premier League na mmeri 3-1 megide Crystal Palace na 22 Ọktoba 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Lewis|first=Aimee|title=Leicester City 3-1 Crystal Palace|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37663854|accessdate=8 September 2020|work=BBC Sport|date=22 October 2016}}</ref>&nbsp; Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2017, Musa ka debanyere aha enyemaka maka klọb ahụ, na-enye aka na nkezi nke 0.5 key passes, 0.3 cross na 1.2 dribbles na-aga nke ọma kwa egwuregwu. Na 30 Jenụwarị 2018, Musa laghachiri na CSKA Moscow na mgbazinye maka oge fọdụrụ na 2017-18. === Al Nassr === N'abalị anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2018, Musa kwagara n'akụkụ Saudi Arabia bụ Al Nassr na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ahmed Musa: Leicester City forward joins Al-Nassr in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45055581|publisher=BBC Sport|date=3 August 2018|accessdate=27 January 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, Al Nassr kwupụtara na Musa na-apụ.<ref name="premiumtimes">{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/423111-ahmed-musa-leaves-saudi-club.html|author=Eludini|first=Tunde|title=Ahmed Musa leaves Saudi club|date=26 Oct 2020|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A kọrọ na a na-atụ anya na klọb Premier League West Bromwich Albion ga-emecha njem maka Musa na windo mbufe Jenụwarị maka oge 2020-21, mana njem ahụ dara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2021/01/24/ahmed-musa-train-west-brom-sam-allardyce-considers-options-relegation/|title=Ahmed Musa to train with West Brom as Sam Allardyce 'considers all options' in relegation fight|first=John|author=Percy|date=24 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africanfootball.com/news/784321/Allardyce-Why-West-Brom-wont-sign-Ahmed-Musa|title=Allardyce: Why West Brom won't sign Ahmed Musa|work=African Football}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel 2021, Musa laghachiri na klọb Naijiria Kano Pillars ruo na ngwụcha oge 2020-21. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-13|title=Official: Ahmed Musa rejoins Kano Pillars until the end of the season|url=https://kano-pillars.com/official-ahmed-musa-rejoins-kano-pillars-until-the-end-of-the-season/|accessdate=2021-04-14|work=Kano Pillars FC|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-14|title=Ex-Leicester forward Musa rejoins Nigerian club Kano Pillars|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210414-ex-leicester-forward-musa-rejoins-nigerian-club-kano-pillars|accessdate=2021-06-07|work=France 24|language=en}}</ref> ==== Fatih Karagümrük ==== Na 23 Julaị 2021, Musa sonyeere klọb Turkey Fatih Karagümrük, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Inyang|first=Ifreke|date=2021-07-23|title=Ahmed Musa's new club confirmed|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/07/23/ahmed-musas-new-club-confirmed/|accessdate=2023-07-05|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|date=23 July 2021|title=Nigeria captain Musa seals European return|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/57940707|accessdate=2023-07-05}}</ref> Mgbe otu oge gasịrị, Musa kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta ya na nkwekọrịta abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-09-02|title=Turkey's Fatih Karagumruk terminate Ahmed Musa's contract|url=https://www.thecable.ng/turkeys-fatih-karagumruk-terminate-ahmed-musas-contract|accessdate=2023-07-05|work=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Na 2 Septemba 2022, Musa bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ maka otu egwuregwu Turkey bụ Sivasspor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-02|title=Ahmed Musa Demir Grup Sivasspor'umuzda - Demir Grup Sivasspor Kulübü Resmi İnternet Sitesi|url=https://www.sivasspor.org.tr/ahmed-musa-demir-grup-sivassporumuzda/|accessdate=2023-07-05|language=tr}}</ref> A kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta ya na nkwekọrịta abụọ.[2]<ref>{{Cite news|author=Amosu|first=Adeboye|date=2024-02-28|title=Musa Part Ways With Turkish Club Sivasspor|url=https://www.completesports.com/musa-part-ways-with-turkish-club-sivasspor/|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=[[Complete Sports]]|language=en-us}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2024, Musa laghachiri na Kano Pillars maka oge nke atọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/ahmed-musa-sheu-abdullahi-rejoin-kano-pillars/|title=Ahmed Musa, Sheu Abdullahi rejoin Kano Pillars|date=4 October 2024|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == [[Faịlụ:Ahmed_Musa_2013.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Musa na [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] na 2013]] [[Faịlụ:Nigeria_vs_Argentina.jpg|thumb|Musa na Naijiria megide Argentina na 2018 FIFA World Cup]] N'April 2010, n'okpuru onye nchịkwa Lars Lagerbäck, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'ogige ọzụzụ ndị otu egwuregwu football nke Nigeria n'ihu 2010 FIFA World Cup na South Africa[1] mgbe o nyeere ndị otu Naijiria aka imeri na 2010 WAFU Nations Cup, na-ebute ihe mgbaru ọsọ megide Benin. N'otu egwuregwu ahụ ha na Burkina Faso, goolu Musa gbagoro n'ime oge mgbatị ahụ mere ka Naịjirịa nwee ike ịbanye na ngwụcha asọmpi ahụ na Abeokuta. Agbanyeghị, a manyere ya ịpụ na ndị otu Super Eagles nwere mmadụ iri atọ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ ọ merụrụ ahụ. N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2010, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, Musa mere nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na Egwuregwu iru eru maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2012 megide Madagascar, ebe ọ bịara dị ka onye nọchiri [[John Obi Mikel|Mikel John Obi]] na mmeri 2-0.<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=344714/profile-detail.html|title=Agmed MUSA|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Musa gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Super Eagles na March 2011 friendly megide Kenya. N'April 2011, Musa tinyere n'òtù egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Nigeria n'okpuru-20 iji nọchite anya mba ahụ na 2011 African Youth Championship qualifiers, n'agbanyeghị na VVV Venlo kwuputara na ya anọghị ya maka asọmpi ahụ n'ihi nkwa ọgbakọ. Mgbe mkparịta ụka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na ndị otu Naijiria, VVV Venlo na ndị nnọchiteanya Musa gasịrị, e kwekọrịtara na Musa ga-agbagharị n'etiti Netherlands na South Africa iji soro ndị otu mba ahụ sonye na asọmpi ahụ. Mgbe egwuregwu mmeghe megide ndị na-agbachitere Ghana, Musa meriri ihe nrite ọkpụkpọ kacha baa uru wee banye ụgbọ elu ọzọ laghachi Netherlands. N'August 2011, Musa nọchitere Nigeria U20 na 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup nke emere na Colombia, ebe o meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ atọ na egwuregwu ise. FIFA tinyere Musa na ndepụta nke 10 ndị ga-aga maka bọọlụ Adidas Golden Ball, bụ nke e nyere onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị ama nke FIFA U-20 World Cup. Na 7 Disemba 2011, Ahmed Musa bụ otu n'ime ndị anọ a họpụtara maka Confederation of African Football Most Promising Talent Award, agbanyeghị onyinye ahụ gara na Souleymane Coulibaly nke Ivory Coast. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/football/news/12447-toure-crowned-african-player-of-the-year-2011.html|title=CAF – CAF Error Page}}</ref> A kpọrọ Musa ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ọ gbara na mmeri 4-1 nke ọkara ikpeazụ nke Mali wee pụta dị ka onye nọchiri Burkina Faso na nke ikpeazụ, dịka Super Eagles meriri nke atọ ha. N'ozuzu, ọ pụtara na ise n'ime egwuregwu isii nke otu ahụ.<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=344714/profile-detail.html|title=Agmed MUSA|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, ọ malitere na egwuregwu atọ niile nke otu ahụ ka e wepụrụ ha n'ọkwa otu. <ref name="fifa" /> Mgbe ọ pụtara n'egwuregwu niile nke Naịjirịa, <ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=344714/profile-detail.html|title=Agmed MUSA|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> A kpọrọ aha Musa na ndị otu Stephen Keshi maka 2014 FIFA World Cup. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu abụọ n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke otu F, mmeri 3-2 na Argentina.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285406|title=Nigeria 2–3 Argentina|date=25 June 2014|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=BBC}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2015, mgbe Vincent Enyeama lara ezumike nká na bọọlụ mba ụwa, onye nkuzi Naijiria, Sunday Oliseh kpọrọ Musa dịka onyeisi ndị otu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2015/10/09/16174222/official-ahmed-musa-confirmed-nigeria-captain-onazi-his|title=Ahmed Musa confirmed Nigeria captain, Onazi his deputy|date=9 October 2015|accessdate=25 March 2021|publisher=Goal}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, a gbanwere mkpebi a na 2016 ka a họpụtara Mikel John Obi ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ndị otu Naijiria ma bufee Musa ka ọ bụrụ osote onyeisi. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/17252/super-eagles/2016/03/24/21649252/mikel-obi-named-new-nigeria-captain|title=Mikel Obi named new Nigeria captain|date=24 March 2016|accessdate=25 March 2021|publisher=Goal}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee 2018, a kpọrọ ya aha na ndị otu egwuregwu iri atọ mbụ nke Nigeria maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke 2018 na Russia. N'agbanyeghị na ọrụ ya megide Iceland dị oke mma, o zughị ezu idebe ndị West Africa n'asọmpi ahụ ka Argentina wepụrụ ha. Na 22 June 2018, Musa meriri ugboro abụọ na mmeri 2-0 meriri Iceland na egwuregwu nke abụọ ha nke iko mba ụwa. N'ọnwa Jun afọ 2019 ọ ghọrọ onye egwuregwu nke atọ kacha nwee asọmpi maka otu mba Naịjirịa, karịa Nwankwo Kanu, ka ọ pụtachara na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ha na Zimbabwe. Onye isi nchịkwa Gernot Rohr kpọrọ ya aha na otu egwuregwu mba Africa nke 2019. Ọ sokwa na ndị otu Naịjirịa na asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2021 na 2023 nke emere na Cameroon na Ivory Coast n'otu n'otu. N'afọ 2023 AFCON, Musa bụ onye nọchiri anya n'oge niile mana ọrụ nchịkwa ya na mmetụta dị mma n'ime otu ahụ bụ nke onye nchịkwa na ndị egwuregwu kwadoro. N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2021, Musa meriri n'asọmpi mba ụwa nke iri na otu, karịa ihe ndekọ [[Joseph Yobo|Josef Yobo]] nwere n'oge gara aga.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/11/13/ahmed-musa-overtakes-enyeama-yobo-to-become-most-capped-super-eagles-player/|title=Ahmed Musa overtakes Enyeama, Yobo to become most-capped Super Eagles player|first=Ifreke|author=Inyang|date=13 November 2021|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, Musa kwupụtara ezumike nká ya n'ọrụ mba ụwa, mgbe ọ lara ezumike nkwe, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Akinsanmi|first='Sola|date=2025-12-17|title=Ahmed Musa retires from football, turns focus on administration|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/football/ahmed-musa-retires-from-football-turns-focus-on-administration/|accessdate=2025-12-17|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> o nwere ihe ndekọ nke onye na-agba bọọlụ kacha agba bọọlụ na Naijiria <ref>{{Cite news|author=Akinbo|first=Peter|date=2025-11-15|title=Top 10 most capped Super Eagles players|url=https://punchng.com/top-10-most-capped-super-eagles-players/|accessdate=2025-12-17|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> na egwuregwu 111 maka otu mba. == Ndụ onwe onye == N'ọnwa Eprel 2017, Musa tinyere aka na esemokwu ya na nwunye ya Jamila, nke mere ka a kpọọ ndị uwe ojii n'ụlọ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Aarons, Ed|title=Leicester's Ahmed Musa considering legal action over reports he beat up wife|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/apr/06/ahmed-musa-leicester-legal-action-wife|accessdate=24 June 2018|work=The Guardian|date=6 April 2017}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, di na nwunye ahụ gbara alụkwaghịm na-esote "ọdịiche na-enweghị ngwọta".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|title=Why Ahmed Musa divorced his wife|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/04/15/ahmed-musa-divorced-wife-family-source/|accessdate=24 June 2018|date=15 April 2017|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> Na 23 Mee, Musa lụrụ Juliet Ejue na [[Abuja]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Adetayo|first=Ayoola|title=Ahmed Musa: Nigerian footballer weds Juliet Ejue in Abuja|url=http://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/ahmed-musa-weds-juliet-ejue-in-abuja-id6729438.html|accessdate=24 June 2018|date=24 May 2017|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Super Eagles' Ahmed Musa and Juliet Ejue are Married|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/super-eagles-ahmed-musa-and-juliet-ejue-are-married/|accessdate=24 June 2018|work=BellaNaija.com|date=24 May 2017}}</ref> Na 24 Jenụwarị 2019, Musa kwupụtara akụkọ ọnwụ nne ya Sarah Musa na ibe Twitter ya. Ọ na-arịa ọrịa n'oge gara aga. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Admin|title=Ahmed Musa loses mum|url=https://punchng.com/ahmed-musa-loses-mum/|work=[[The Punch]]|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Nsiyen|first=Nsikak|title=SPORTSuper Eagles player, Ahmed Musa loses mum|url=http://dailypost.ng/2019/01/24/super-eagles-player-ahmed-musa-loses-mum/|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=29 January 2019}}</ref> Musa onye bụ onye Alakụba, chere nkatọ sitere n'aka [[Ndi áláküba|Ndị Alakụba]] ihu maka ịchọ Krismas na-atọ ụtọ nye ndị na-eso ụzọ instagram ya na post na-ede: "Ekele nke oge ememme a, ana m ekpegara ka ị nwee ezi ọṅụ na udo ma mee ka ihe ndị na-eme ememme ghara ịkwụsị n'ụlọ gị niile. Ka ọ na-etinye foto nke Nwunye Onye Kraịst ya n'akụkụ Osisi Krismas.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-26|title=Ahmed Musa faces backlash for wishing fans Merry Christmas|url=https://www.afrik-foot.com/en-ng/ahmed-musa-christmas-backlash|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=afrik-foot.com|language=en-ng}}</ref> N'ịgbaso nkatọ sitere n'aka Ndị Alakụba Naijiria, Musa kpọrọ ndị Naijiria ka ha cheta na "n'egwuregwu mara mma, anyị na-eguzo n'otu, na-agafe agbụrụ na Okpukpe" <ref name="Ubanagu">{{Cite news|author=Ubanagu|first=Makua|date=2024-01-28|title=AFCON: Nigeria stands united, beyond tribe, religion — Musa|url=https://punchng.com/afcon-nigeria-stands-united-beyond-tribe-religion-musa/|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Musa rịọkwara ndị Naijiria ka ha "jikọta aka maka udo, ihe mgbaru ọsọ, na ọdịnihu dị mma". <ref name="Ubanagu">{{Cite news|author=Ubanagu|first=Makua|date=2024-01-28|title=AFCON: Nigeria stands united, beyond tribe, religion — Musa|url=https://punchng.com/afcon-nigeria-stands-united-beyond-tribe-religion-musa/|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmasị azụmahịa == N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2017, Musa zụrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ụgbọala nke abụọ na Naịjirịa, na-agbasawanye itinye ego ya na ngalaba ike. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Carmichael|first=Charlie|title=Leicester's Ahmed Musa buys second petrol station in Nigeria|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/leicesters-ahmed-musa-buys-second-petrol-station-nigeria|work=FourFourTwo|date=12 October 2017|accessdate=10 April 2022}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 1, 2021, Musa nyere iwu ka Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Center, nke dị na Kamazo, mpaghara [[Kaduna]] nke dị na [[Chikun]] Local Government Area. Ihe owuwu ahụ gụnyere mmega ahụ, ogige bọọlụ, na oghere ihe omume, ma na-eje ozi dị ka ebe mmepe ndị ntorobịa na itinye aka na obodo <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa’s Neighbourhood Centre Opens in Kaduna|url=https://dateline.ng/ahmed-musas-neighbourhood-centre-opens-in-kaduna/|work=Dateline Nigeria|date=1 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Jubilation as Ahmed Musa Commissions Multi-Million Naira Sports Facility in Kaduna|url=https://www.legit.ng/1400706-jubilation-ahmed-musa-commissions-multi-million-naira-sports-facility-kaduna.html|work=[[Legit.ng]]|date=3 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Ahmed Musa Opens His Multi-Million Naira Centre in Kaduna|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/ahmed-musa-opens-his-multi-million-naira-centre-in-kaduna/20240818|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|date=2 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa Launches Another Big Project in the North|url=https://everyevery.ng/ahmed-musa-lunch-another-big-project-in-the-north/|work=EveryEvery.ng|date=1 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Centre Gym|url=https://thenaijabodybuildingdirectory.com/ahmed-musa-neighbourhood-centre-gym/ahmed-musa-neighbourhood-centre-gym/|work=thenaijabodybuildingdirectory.com|accessdate=September 6, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Center|url=https://domynate.com/gym/ahmed-musa-neighborhood-center/|work=domynate.com|accessdate=September 5, 2025}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko mba[a] ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ[b] ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="3" |VVV-Venlo |2010–11 |Eredivisie |23 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |4[c] |2 |27 |7 |- |2011–12<ref name="wf" /> |Eredivisie |14 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |15 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !37 !8 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !4 !2 !42 !10 |- | rowspan="6" |CSKA Moscow |2011–12 |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |11 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |2[d] |0 | colspan="2" | - |13 |1 |- |2012–13<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |28 |11 |5 |4 | colspan="2" | - |2[e] |0 | colspan="2" | - |35 |15 |- |2013–14<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |26 |7 |4 |1 | colspan="2" | - |6[d] |1 |1[f] |0 |37 |9 |- |2014–15<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |30 |10 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |6[d] |1 |1[f] |0 |39 |11 |- |2015–16<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |29 |13 |4 |1 | colspan="2" | - |10[d] |4 | colspan="2" | - |43 |18 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !124 !42 !15 !6 ! colspan="2" |- !26 !6 !2 !0 !167 !55 |- | rowspan="3" |Obodo Leicester |2016–17 |Njikọ Premier |21 |2 |4 |2 |1 |0 |5[d] |0 |1[g] |0 |32 |4 |- |2017–18<ref name="sb" /> |Njikọ Premier |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !21 !2 !4 !2 !2 !1 !5 !0 !1 !0 !33 !5 |- |CSKA Moscow (onye a gbazitere) |2017–18<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |10 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |6[e] |1 | colspan="2" | - |16 |7 |- | rowspan="4" |Al Nassr |2018–19<ref name="sb" /> |Saudi Pro League |24 |7 |3 |2 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |4[h] |1 |31 |10 |- |2019–20<ref name="sb" /> |Saudi Pro League |24 |2 |4 |2 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |1[i] |0 |29 |4 |- |2020–21<ref name="sb" /> |Saudi Pro League |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !50 !9 !7 !4 ! colspan="2" |- !0 !0 !5 !1 !62 !14 |- |Ogidi Kano |2020–21<ref name="sb" /> |Njikọ bọọlụ Naịjirịa |8 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fatih Karagümrük |2021–22<ref name="sb" /> |Süper Lig |31 |2 |3 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |34 |4 |- |2022–23<ref name="sb" /> |Süper Lig |3 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !34 !2 !3 !2 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !37 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Sivasspor |2022–23<ref name="sb" /> |Süper Lig |17 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |3[j] |0 | colspan="2" | - |24 |0 |- |2023–24<ref name="sb" /> |Süper Lig |2 |0 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |4 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !19 !0 !6 !1 ! colspan="2" |- !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !28 !1 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !303 !69 !36 !15 !2 !1 !40 !7 !12 !3 !393 !96 |}   === Mba Nile === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="16" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2010 |2 |0 |- |2011 |10 |1 |- |2012 |6 |2 |- |2013 |17 |2 |- |2014 |12 |4 |- |2015 |9 |2 |- |2016 |5 |0 |- |2017 |5[a] |0 |- |2018 |13 |4 |- |2019 |11 |0 |- |2020 |4 |0 |- |2021 |8 |1 |- |2022 |4 |0 |- |2023 |2 |0 |- |2024 |1 |0 |- |2025 |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !110 !16 |} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{updated|match played 13 November 2021.}} :''Scores and results list Nigeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Musa goal''.<ref name="NFT"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Ahmed Musa gbara ! scope="col" |Mba. ! scope="col" |Ụbọchị ! scope="col" |Ebe a na-anọ ! scope="col" |Onye mmegide ! scope="col" |Ihe ruru ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! scope="col" |Ịsọ mpi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref. |- | align="center" |1 |29 Machị 2011 |National Stadium, [[Abuja]], Nigeria | Kenya | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |3–0 |Ndị nwere omume enyi | |- | align="center" |2 |16 June 2012 |U. J. Esuene Stadium, [[Calabar]], Nigeria | Rwanda | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" |2013 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru | |- | align="center" |3 |13 Ọktoba 2012 |U. J. Esuene Stadium, Calabar, Nigeria | Liberia | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |6–1 | |- | align="center" |4 |6 Febụwarị 2013 |Moses Mabhida Stadium, Durban, South Africa | Mali | align="center" |4–0 | align="center" |4–1 |2013 Iko Mba Afrịka | |- | align="center" |5 |June 5, 2013 |Ebe Egwuregwu Mba Nile nke Moi, Kasarani, Kenya | Kenya | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |2014 FIFA World Cup iru eru | |- | align="center" |6 | rowspan="2" |25 June 2014 | rowspan="2" |Estádio Beira-Rio, Praia de Belas, Brazil | rowspan="2" | Argentina | align="center" |1–1 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2–3 | rowspan="2" |2014 FIFA World Cup | rowspan="2" | |- | align="center" |7 | align="center" |2–2 |- | align="center" |8 | rowspan="2" |15 Ọktoba 2014 | rowspan="2" |National Stadium, Abuja, Nigeria | rowspan="2" | Sudan | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |3–1 | rowspan="2" |2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru | rowspan="2" | |- | align="center" |9 | align="center" |3–1 |- | align="center" |10 |28 Machị 2015 |Mbombela Stadium, Nelspruit, South Africa | South Africa | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 | rowspan="2" |Ndị nwere omume enyi | |- | align="center" |11 |8 Septemba 2015 |[[Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium]], Port Harcourt, Nigeria | Niger | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 | |- | align="center" |12 | rowspan="2" |22 June 2018 | rowspan="2" |Volgograd Arena, Volgograd, Russia | rowspan="2" | Iceland | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" |2018 FIFA World Cup | rowspan="2" |<ref name="Guardian220618">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jun/22/nigeria-iceland-ahmed-musa-world-cup-group-d-match-report|title=Nigeria's Ahmed Musa punishes wasteful Iceland to give Argentina hope. Musa also gave out a public announcement|work=The Guardian|accessdate=22 June 2018|date=22 June 2018}}</ref> |- | align="center" |13 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |14 |8 Septemba 2018 |Ogige Egwuregwu Linité, Victoria, Seychelles | Seychelles | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" |2019 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru | |- | align="center" |15 |16 Ọktoba 2018 |Ogige Egwuregwu Taïeb Mhiri, Sfax, Tunisia | Libya | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |3–2 | |- | align="center" |16 |13 Nọvemba 2021 |Ogige egwuregwu Ibn Batouta, Tangier, Morocco | Liberia | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 |2022 FIFA World Cup iru eru | |} * Russian Premier League: 2012-13, 2013-14, 2015-162015–16 * Iko Russia: 2012-132012–13 * Russian Super Cup: 2013, 2014 '''Al-Nassr''' * Saudi Pro League: 2018-19<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/ahmed-musa-amrabat-and-hamdallah-win-saudi-professional/1vlac224i0b4t1ja01fqctmfpa|title=Ahmed Musa, Amrabat and Hamdallah win Saudi Professional League title with Al Nassr|publisher=Goal|accessdate=18 May 2019}}</ref> * Saudi Super Cup: 2019 '''Naịjirịa U20''' '''Naịjirịa''' * Africa Cup of Nations: 2013; onye nke abụọ: 2023; <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> ebe nke atọ: 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|date=17 July 2019|title=Tunisia 0–1 Nigeria|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48932084|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227223831/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48932084|archivedate=27 February 2021|accessdate=18 July 2019|publisher=BBC}}</ref> * Iko Mba WAFU: 2010 '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria: 2009-102009–10 * Na ndepụta nke ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ 33 kachasị mma nke asọmpi nke Russia: 2012-132012–13 * Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na Russia: 2012-132012–13 * Ndị otu CAF nke Afọ: 2014<ref>{{Cite web|title=Glo-CAF awards 2014 winners|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/54/119850/Sports/Africa/GloCAF-awards--winners-.aspx|publisher=Ahram|date=January 9, 2015|accessdate=December 9, 2015|archivedate=28 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015452/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/54/119850/Sports/Africa/GloCAF-awards--winners-.aspx}}</ref> '''Iwu''' * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Abulmalik|first=Abdulrahman|date=13 February 2013|title=Jonathan doles out cash, land, national honours to Super Eagles|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/120039-jonathan-doles-out-cash-land-national-honours-to-super-eagles.html?tztc=1|accessdate=2024-02-17|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] * Onye isi nke Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Adeola|first=Ridwan|date=2024-02-13|title=AFCON 2023: Tinubu confers national honour of OON on Ahmed Musa|url=https://www.legit.ng/sports/football/1578649-afcon-2023-ahmed-musa-higher-award-tinubu-confers-national-honours-super-eagles-players/|accessdate=2024-02-15|work=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Hụkwa == * Portal bọọlụ n'Africa == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1lxsrltxfdkwsx5n16h9vgl7xaqb65s 632351 632350 2026-05-08T23:59:38Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352634604|Ahmed Musa]]" 632351 wikitext text/x-wiki   <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{updated|match played 13 November 2021.}} :''Scores and results list Nigeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Musa goal''.<ref name="NFT"/>'''Ahmed Musa OON MON''' (/ˈɑːxmɛd muːsə/ i; amụrụ n'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1992) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ ma ọ bụ onye na-agbachitere ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Nigeria Premier Football League Kano Pillars . Musa ghọrọ onye Naijiria mbụ nyere akara ihe karịrị otu ugboro na asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke FIFA, ka ọ gbasịrị akara ugboro abụọ megide Argentina na 2014 FIFA World Cup. Musa bụkwa onye Naijiria mbụ nyere goolu n'asọmpi iko mba ụwa abụọ nke FIFA, ka ọ gbasịrị akara ọzọ megide Iceland na ọkwa otu nke 2018 FIFA World Cup. N'ihe ngosi 111, ọ bụ onye ọkpụkpọ Nigeria kachasị egwu kemgbe Nọvemba 2021. Musa bụ onye otu ndị otu egwuregwu Saudi Al Nassr nke meriri Saudi Premier League na Saudi Super Cup, abụọ na 2019. == Ọrụ klọb == Musa malitere ọrụ ya na GBS Football Academy . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3376/goalcom-youth-football/2010/11/13/2199634/goalcom-scouting-report-ahmed-musa-vvv-venlo-and-nigeria|title=Goal.com Scouting Report: Ahmed Musa – VVV Venlo and Nigeria|date=5 November 2010}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, a gbazinyere Musa na JUTH F.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kanopillars.com/home/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59:special-thanks-to-pillars-ahmad-musa&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=1|title=The Official Website of Kano Pillars Football Club – Masu Gida|accessdate=12 August 2016|archivedate=7 April 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407072141/http://www.kanopillars.com/home/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59:special-thanks-to-pillars-ahmad-musa&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=1}}</ref> ebe ọ gbara egwuregwu iri na asatọ, gbaa goolu anọ n'ime oge abụọ mbụ ya maka ndị Healers. E mechara gbazinye ya na Kano Pillars F.C., n'Oge 2009-10 ebe o setịpụrụ ndekọ league na-agba ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa ka Pillars mechara nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naijaligue.blogspot.com/2010/04/kano-pillars-is-bigger-than-me-ahmad.html|title=Nigerian Football League: Kano Pillars Is Bigger Than Me – Ahmad Musa|first=George|author=Akpayen|date=17 April 2010}}</ref> Musa nwere ihe ndekọ maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ kachasị elu a tụrụ n'otu oge n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Nigeria Premier League <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=1635|title=404 &#124; This post is not available &#124; All Nigeria Soccer|work=www.allnigeriasoccer.com}}</ref> ruo na Nọvemba 2011, mgbe [[Jude Aneke]] nke Kaduna United F.C. setịpụrụ ihe ndekọ ọhụrụ nke ihe mgbaru ndụ 20. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2011/nov/02-aneke-sets-new-npl-goals-tally.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118043458/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2011/nov/02-aneke-sets-new-npl-goals-tally.html|archivedate=18 November 2011|title=MTN Football}}</ref> === VVV-Venlo === Musa was transferred to [[Netherlands|Dutch]] club VVV-Venlo in summer 2010,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naijaligue.blogspot.com/2010/07/musa-leaves-for-vvv-venlo-in-fortnight.html|title=Nigerian Football League: Musa Leaves For VVV Venlo In Fortnight|first=George|author=Akpayen|date=29 July 2010}}</ref> but the move was held up because he was only 17 years of age and therefore not eligible for an ITC in accordance with the current FIFA rules. He was officially eligible to play for VVV-Venlo on 14 October 2010 when he eventually turned 18 years of age. N'ihe na-erughị otu izu mgbe ọ bịarutere na klọb ahụ, Musa mere nke mbụ ya maka VVV-Venlo megide FC Groningen na 30 Ọktoba. Ọ malitere egwuregwu ahụ maka VVV-Venlo, a kụrụ ya na nkeji nke iri ise wee nweta penalty kick.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NPL 2009/10 exports shine abroad|url=https://supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/101230/NPL_200910_exports_shine_abroad|accessdate=2021-06-01|work=supersport.com|language=en|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214112/https://supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/101230/NPL_200910_exports_shine_abroad}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye Goal.com kwuru n'etiti Hot 100 na-eto eto na-agba bọọlụ n'ụwa iji kirie na 2011, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3376/goalcom-youth-football/2011/01/01/2284652/goalcom-hot-100-the-young-stars-to-look-out-for-in-2011|title=Goal.com Hot 100 – The Young Stars To Look Out For in 2011|date=31 December 2010}}</ref> Lolade Adewuyi nke Goal. com tinyere ya na ndepụta nke Top Ten Nigerian International Players nke 2010 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/84/africa/2010/12/30/2283874/goalcoms-top-ten-nigerian-players-of-2010|title=Goal.com's Top Ten Nigerian Players of 2010|date=30 December 2010}}</ref> ma tinye ya na ndepụta IFFHS nke ndị egwuregwu 140 kachasị mma n'ụwa. Na 8 Machị 2011, Ahmed Musa meriri onye bọọlụ bọọlụ nke afọ nke AIT (mba). E mere emume ahụ na Presidential Hotel, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Ihe omume ahụ nwere ndị bịara, onye mmeri BBC African Footballer of the Year, onye Ghana Asamoah Gyan na ndị isi ọrụ si na Njikọ bọọlụ Naijiria gụnyere onye isi ala Aminu Maigari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201103140568.html|title=Nigeria: AIT Awards – Rewarding Soccer Excellence|first=Peter|author=Edema|date=14 March 2011|publisher=AllAfrica}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel, onye nduzi bọọlụ Venlo bụ Mario Captien kwuru na ndị nnọchi anya Tottenham Hotspur gara klọb ahụ gbasara onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.completesportsnigeria.com/news/2011/04/tottenham-interest-in-ahmed-musa-confirmed|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411051926/http://completesportsnigeria.com/news/2011/04/tottenham-interest-in-ahmed-musa-confirmed|title=VVV Confirm Totenham interest in Ahmed Musa 8 April 2011|archivedate=11 April 2011}}</ref> onye na-enyocha [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] bụ [[Tijani Babangida]] kwukwara na Ajax nwere mmasị na Musa mana a ga-ekpebi ihe ga-esi na ya pụta na ngwụcha oge ahụ. N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2011, Musa kụrụ aka iji mee ka Feyenoord daa 3-2 ma kwụsị egwu ọ bụla na-adịgide adịgide nke ịpụ na Eredivisie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,,12040_6908342,00.html|title=Eredivisie round-up}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2011, mgbe ọ lọtara na 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup na Colombia, Musa pụtara nke mbụ ya n'afọ 2011-12 n'ụlọ megide [[AFC Ajax]] ma gbaa goolu abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/|title=Soccer on ESPN - Scores, Stats and Highlights|work=ESPN.com}}</ref> Na Septemba, onye isi oche VVV-Venlo bụ Hai Berden kpu ghere na Eredivisie Live na VVV-Benlo ajụla ego ikpeazụ nke € 10 nde maka Musa site na Bundesliga. A kpughere aha klọb Bundesliga. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elfvoetbal.nl/Overige/162531/bundesliga-club-bood-tien-miljoen-euro-op-vvver-musa|title=Bundesliga-club bood tien miljoen euro op VVV'er Musa|work=Elfvoetbal.nl}}</ref>&nbsp; [[Faịlụ:Ahmed_Musa.jpg|thumb|281x281px|Musa na-egwuri egwu maka CSKA Moscow na 2012]] N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2014, ọ gbara goolu nkasi obi na nkeji iri asatọ na abụọ na 5-1 UEFA Champions League na A.S. Roma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=nl&u=http://www.vi.nl/Nieuws-item/213859/CSKA-Moskou-neemt-Musa-over-van-VVVVenlo.htm&ei=tZEIT_jDJo-YOq359e8H&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAA&prev=/search?q=CSKA+Moskou+neemt+Musa+over+van+VVV-Venlo&hl=en&biw=1909&bih=982&prmd=imvns|title=Google Translate|work=translate.google.com}}</ref> Na 1 June 2015, Musa bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ ọhụrụ na CSKA ruo na ngwụcha oge 2018-19. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa signs new 4-year deal with PFC CSKA|url=http://en.pfc-cska.com/news/team-news/Ahmed-Musa-signs-new-4-year-deal-with-PFC-CSKA/|work=[[PFC CSKA Moscow]]|accessdate=23 June 2015|date=1 June 2015}}</ref> Ọ gwụchara oge Premier League nke Russia na 2015-16 dị ka onye nke ise kachasị gbaa bọọlụ, na-aghọ otu n'ime naanị ndị egwuregwu asaa dị afọ 23 ma ọ bụ karịa iji nweta ọnụọgụ abụọ maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ na nke ọ bụla n'ime oge abụọ gara aga na asọmpi asaa kachasị elu na Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Musa Ahmed|url=http://en.pfc-cska.com/team/players/*4673/|work=en.pfc-cska.com/|publisher=CSKA Moscow|accessdate=14 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117021421/http://en.pfc-cska.com/team/players/*4673/|archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:David_Luiz_and_Ahmed_Musa.jpg|thumb|Musa (n'aka nri) na-egwuri egwu maka Leicester City na egwuregwu league megide Chelsea na Stamford Bridge na 15 Ọktoba 2016]] Na 8 Julaị 2016, Musa kwagara Leicester City maka ndekọ klọb £ 16.6 nde.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[Leicester City F.C.]]|url=http://www.lcfc.com/news/article/2016-17/leicester-city-agree-deal-for-ahmed-musa-3175203.aspx|title=Leicester City Agree Deal For Ahmed Musa|date=8 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231054424/http://www.lcfc.com/news/article/2016-17/leicester-city-agree-deal-for-ahmed-musa-3175203.aspx|archivedate=31 December 2016}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na klọb ahụ na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Barcelona na 2016 International Champions Cup nke gwụrụ na mmeri 4-2.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Barcelona 4-2 Leicester City: Foxes club-record signing Ahmed Musa scores twice|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36969444|accessdate=8 September 2020|work=BBC Sport|date=3 August 2016}}</ref> O mere Premier League mbụ ya na 13 Ọgọstụ 2016 n'ụbọchị mmeghe nke klọb ahụ mmeri 2-1 na Hull City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36994520|title=Hull City 2–1 Leicester City|publisher=BBC Sport|date=13 August 2016|accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na Premier League na mmeri 3-1 megide Crystal Palace na 22 Ọktoba 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Lewis|first=Aimee|title=Leicester City 3-1 Crystal Palace|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37663854|accessdate=8 September 2020|work=BBC Sport|date=22 October 2016}}</ref>&nbsp; Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2017, Musa ka debanyere aha enyemaka maka klọb ahụ, na-enye aka na nkezi nke 0.5 key passes, 0.3 cross na 1.2 dribbles na-aga nke ọma kwa egwuregwu. Na 30 Jenụwarị 2018, Musa laghachiri na CSKA Moscow na mgbazinye maka oge fọdụrụ na 2017-18. === Al Nassr === N'abalị anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2018, Musa kwagara n'akụkụ Saudi Arabia bụ Al Nassr na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ahmed Musa: Leicester City forward joins Al-Nassr in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45055581|publisher=BBC Sport|date=3 August 2018|accessdate=27 January 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, Al Nassr kwupụtara na Musa na-apụ.<ref name="premiumtimes">{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/423111-ahmed-musa-leaves-saudi-club.html|author=Eludini|first=Tunde|title=Ahmed Musa leaves Saudi club|date=26 Oct 2020|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A kọrọ na a na-atụ anya na klọb Premier League West Bromwich Albion ga-emecha njem maka Musa na windo mbufe Jenụwarị maka oge 2020-21, mana njem ahụ dara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2021/01/24/ahmed-musa-train-west-brom-sam-allardyce-considers-options-relegation/|title=Ahmed Musa to train with West Brom as Sam Allardyce 'considers all options' in relegation fight|first=John|author=Percy|date=24 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africanfootball.com/news/784321/Allardyce-Why-West-Brom-wont-sign-Ahmed-Musa|title=Allardyce: Why West Brom won't sign Ahmed Musa|work=African Football}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel 2021, Musa laghachiri na klọb Naijiria Kano Pillars ruo na ngwụcha oge 2020-21. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-13|title=Official: Ahmed Musa rejoins Kano Pillars until the end of the season|url=https://kano-pillars.com/official-ahmed-musa-rejoins-kano-pillars-until-the-end-of-the-season/|accessdate=2021-04-14|work=Kano Pillars FC|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-14|title=Ex-Leicester forward Musa rejoins Nigerian club Kano Pillars|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210414-ex-leicester-forward-musa-rejoins-nigerian-club-kano-pillars|accessdate=2021-06-07|work=France 24|language=en}}</ref> ==== Fatih Karagümrük ==== Na 23 Julaị 2021, Musa sonyeere klọb Turkey Fatih Karagümrük, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Inyang|first=Ifreke|date=2021-07-23|title=Ahmed Musa's new club confirmed|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/07/23/ahmed-musas-new-club-confirmed/|accessdate=2023-07-05|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|date=23 July 2021|title=Nigeria captain Musa seals European return|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/57940707|accessdate=2023-07-05}}</ref> Mgbe otu oge gasịrị, Musa kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta ya na nkwekọrịta abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-09-02|title=Turkey's Fatih Karagumruk terminate Ahmed Musa's contract|url=https://www.thecable.ng/turkeys-fatih-karagumruk-terminate-ahmed-musas-contract|accessdate=2023-07-05|work=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Na 2 Septemba 2022, Musa bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ maka otu egwuregwu Turkey bụ Sivasspor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-02|title=Ahmed Musa Demir Grup Sivasspor'umuzda - Demir Grup Sivasspor Kulübü Resmi İnternet Sitesi|url=https://www.sivasspor.org.tr/ahmed-musa-demir-grup-sivassporumuzda/|accessdate=2023-07-05|language=tr}}</ref> A kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta ya na nkwekọrịta abụọ.[2]<ref>{{Cite news|author=Amosu|first=Adeboye|date=2024-02-28|title=Musa Part Ways With Turkish Club Sivasspor|url=https://www.completesports.com/musa-part-ways-with-turkish-club-sivasspor/|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=[[Complete Sports]]|language=en-us}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2024, Musa laghachiri na Kano Pillars maka oge nke atọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/ahmed-musa-sheu-abdullahi-rejoin-kano-pillars/|title=Ahmed Musa, Sheu Abdullahi rejoin Kano Pillars|date=4 October 2024|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == [[Faịlụ:Ahmed_Musa_2013.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Musa na [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] na 2013]] [[Faịlụ:Nigeria_vs_Argentina.jpg|thumb|Musa na Naijiria megide Argentina na 2018 FIFA World Cup]] N'April 2010, n'okpuru onye nchịkwa Lars Lagerbäck, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'ogige ọzụzụ ndị otu egwuregwu football nke Nigeria n'ihu 2010 FIFA World Cup na South Africa[1] mgbe o nyeere ndị otu Naijiria aka imeri na 2010 WAFU Nations Cup, na-ebute ihe mgbaru ọsọ megide Benin. N'otu egwuregwu ahụ ha na Burkina Faso, goolu Musa gbagoro n'ime oge mgbatị ahụ mere ka Naịjirịa nwee ike ịbanye na ngwụcha asọmpi ahụ na Abeokuta. Agbanyeghị, a manyere ya ịpụ na ndị otu Super Eagles nwere mmadụ iri atọ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ ọ merụrụ ahụ. N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2010, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, Musa mere nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na Egwuregwu iru eru maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2012 megide Madagascar, ebe ọ bịara dị ka onye nọchiri [[John Obi Mikel|Mikel John Obi]] na mmeri 2-0.<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=344714/profile-detail.html|title=Agmed MUSA|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Musa gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Super Eagles na March 2011 friendly megide Kenya. N'April 2011, Musa tinyere n'òtù egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Nigeria n'okpuru-20 iji nọchite anya mba ahụ na 2011 African Youth Championship qualifiers, n'agbanyeghị na VVV Venlo kwuputara na ya anọghị ya maka asọmpi ahụ n'ihi nkwa ọgbakọ. Mgbe mkparịta ụka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na ndị otu Naijiria, VVV Venlo na ndị nnọchiteanya Musa gasịrị, e kwekọrịtara na Musa ga-agbagharị n'etiti Netherlands na South Africa iji soro ndị otu mba ahụ sonye na asọmpi ahụ. Mgbe egwuregwu mmeghe megide ndị na-agbachitere Ghana, Musa meriri ihe nrite ọkpụkpọ kacha baa uru wee banye ụgbọ elu ọzọ laghachi Netherlands. N'August 2011, Musa nọchitere Nigeria U20 na 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup nke emere na Colombia, ebe o meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ atọ na egwuregwu ise. FIFA tinyere Musa na ndepụta nke 10 ndị ga-aga maka bọọlụ Adidas Golden Ball, bụ nke e nyere onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị ama nke FIFA U-20 World Cup. Na 7 Disemba 2011, Ahmed Musa bụ otu n'ime ndị anọ a họpụtara maka Confederation of African Football Most Promising Talent Award, agbanyeghị onyinye ahụ gara na Souleymane Coulibaly nke Ivory Coast. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/football/news/12447-toure-crowned-african-player-of-the-year-2011.html|title=CAF – CAF Error Page}}</ref> A kpọrọ Musa ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ọ gbara na mmeri 4-1 nke ọkara ikpeazụ nke Mali wee pụta dị ka onye nọchiri Burkina Faso na nke ikpeazụ, dịka Super Eagles meriri nke atọ ha. N'ozuzu, ọ pụtara na ise n'ime egwuregwu isii nke otu ahụ.<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=344714/profile-detail.html|title=Agmed MUSA|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, ọ malitere na egwuregwu atọ niile nke otu ahụ ka e wepụrụ ha n'ọkwa otu. <ref name="fifa" /> Mgbe ọ pụtara n'egwuregwu niile nke Naịjirịa, <ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=344714/profile-detail.html|title=Agmed MUSA|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> A kpọrọ aha Musa na ndị otu Stephen Keshi maka 2014 FIFA World Cup. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu abụọ n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke otu F, mmeri 3-2 na Argentina.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285406|title=Nigeria 2–3 Argentina|date=25 June 2014|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=BBC}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2015, mgbe Vincent Enyeama lara ezumike nká na bọọlụ mba ụwa, onye nkuzi Naijiria, Sunday Oliseh kpọrọ Musa dịka onyeisi ndị otu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2015/10/09/16174222/official-ahmed-musa-confirmed-nigeria-captain-onazi-his|title=Ahmed Musa confirmed Nigeria captain, Onazi his deputy|date=9 October 2015|accessdate=25 March 2021|publisher=Goal}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, a gbanwere mkpebi a na 2016 ka a họpụtara Mikel John Obi ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ndị otu Naijiria ma bufee Musa ka ọ bụrụ osote onyeisi. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/17252/super-eagles/2016/03/24/21649252/mikel-obi-named-new-nigeria-captain|title=Mikel Obi named new Nigeria captain|date=24 March 2016|accessdate=25 March 2021|publisher=Goal}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee 2018, a kpọrọ ya aha na ndị otu egwuregwu iri atọ mbụ nke Nigeria maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke 2018 na Russia. N'agbanyeghị na ọrụ ya megide Iceland dị oke mma, o zughị ezu idebe ndị West Africa n'asọmpi ahụ ka Argentina wepụrụ ha. Na 22 June 2018, Musa meriri ugboro abụọ na mmeri 2-0 meriri Iceland na egwuregwu nke abụọ ha nke iko mba ụwa. N'ọnwa Jun afọ 2019 ọ ghọrọ onye egwuregwu nke atọ kacha nwee asọmpi maka otu mba Naịjirịa, karịa Nwankwo Kanu, ka ọ pụtachara na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ha na Zimbabwe. Onye isi nchịkwa Gernot Rohr kpọrọ ya aha na otu egwuregwu mba Africa nke 2019. Ọ sokwa na ndị otu Naịjirịa na asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2021 na 2023 nke emere na Cameroon na Ivory Coast n'otu n'otu. N'afọ 2023 AFCON, Musa bụ onye nọchiri anya n'oge niile mana ọrụ nchịkwa ya na mmetụta dị mma n'ime otu ahụ bụ nke onye nchịkwa na ndị egwuregwu kwadoro. N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2021, Musa meriri n'asọmpi mba ụwa nke iri na otu, karịa ihe ndekọ [[Joseph Yobo|Josef Yobo]] nwere n'oge gara aga.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/11/13/ahmed-musa-overtakes-enyeama-yobo-to-become-most-capped-super-eagles-player/|title=Ahmed Musa overtakes Enyeama, Yobo to become most-capped Super Eagles player|first=Ifreke|author=Inyang|date=13 November 2021|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, Musa kwupụtara ezumike nká ya n'ọrụ mba ụwa, mgbe ọ lara ezumike nkwe, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Akinsanmi|first='Sola|date=2025-12-17|title=Ahmed Musa retires from football, turns focus on administration|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/football/ahmed-musa-retires-from-football-turns-focus-on-administration/|accessdate=2025-12-17|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> o nwere ihe ndekọ nke onye na-agba bọọlụ kacha agba bọọlụ na Naijiria <ref>{{Cite news|author=Akinbo|first=Peter|date=2025-11-15|title=Top 10 most capped Super Eagles players|url=https://punchng.com/top-10-most-capped-super-eagles-players/|accessdate=2025-12-17|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> na egwuregwu 111 maka otu mba. == Ndụ onwe onye == N'ọnwa Eprel 2017, Musa tinyere aka na esemokwu ya na nwunye ya Jamila, nke mere ka a kpọọ ndị uwe ojii n'ụlọ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Aarons, Ed|title=Leicester's Ahmed Musa considering legal action over reports he beat up wife|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/apr/06/ahmed-musa-leicester-legal-action-wife|accessdate=24 June 2018|work=The Guardian|date=6 April 2017}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, di na nwunye ahụ gbara alụkwaghịm na-esote "ọdịiche na-enweghị ngwọta".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|title=Why Ahmed Musa divorced his wife|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/04/15/ahmed-musa-divorced-wife-family-source/|accessdate=24 June 2018|date=15 April 2017|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> Na 23 Mee, Musa lụrụ Juliet Ejue na [[Abuja]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Adetayo|first=Ayoola|title=Ahmed Musa: Nigerian footballer weds Juliet Ejue in Abuja|url=http://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/ahmed-musa-weds-juliet-ejue-in-abuja-id6729438.html|accessdate=24 June 2018|date=24 May 2017|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Super Eagles' Ahmed Musa and Juliet Ejue are Married|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/super-eagles-ahmed-musa-and-juliet-ejue-are-married/|accessdate=24 June 2018|work=BellaNaija.com|date=24 May 2017}}</ref> Na 24 Jenụwarị 2019, Musa kwupụtara akụkọ ọnwụ nne ya Sarah Musa na ibe Twitter ya. Ọ na-arịa ọrịa n'oge gara aga. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Admin|title=Ahmed Musa loses mum|url=https://punchng.com/ahmed-musa-loses-mum/|work=[[The Punch]]|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Nsiyen|first=Nsikak|title=SPORTSuper Eagles player, Ahmed Musa loses mum|url=http://dailypost.ng/2019/01/24/super-eagles-player-ahmed-musa-loses-mum/|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=29 January 2019}}</ref> Musa onye bụ onye Alakụba, chere nkatọ sitere n'aka [[Ndi áláküba|Ndị Alakụba]] ihu maka ịchọ Krismas na-atọ ụtọ nye ndị na-eso ụzọ instagram ya na post na-ede: "Ekele nke oge ememme a, ana m ekpegara ka ị nwee ezi ọṅụ na udo ma mee ka ihe ndị na-eme ememme ghara ịkwụsị n'ụlọ gị niile. Ka ọ na-etinye foto nke Nwunye Onye Kraịst ya n'akụkụ Osisi Krismas.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-26|title=Ahmed Musa faces backlash for wishing fans Merry Christmas|url=https://www.afrik-foot.com/en-ng/ahmed-musa-christmas-backlash|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=afrik-foot.com|language=en-ng}}</ref> N'ịgbaso nkatọ sitere n'aka Ndị Alakụba Naijiria, Musa kpọrọ ndị Naijiria ka ha cheta na "n'egwuregwu mara mma, anyị na-eguzo n'otu, na-agafe agbụrụ na Okpukpe" <ref name="Ubanagu">{{Cite news|author=Ubanagu|first=Makua|date=2024-01-28|title=AFCON: Nigeria stands united, beyond tribe, religion — Musa|url=https://punchng.com/afcon-nigeria-stands-united-beyond-tribe-religion-musa/|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Musa rịọkwara ndị Naijiria ka ha "jikọta aka maka udo, ihe mgbaru ọsọ, na ọdịnihu dị mma". <ref name="Ubanagu">{{Cite news|author=Ubanagu|first=Makua|date=2024-01-28|title=AFCON: Nigeria stands united, beyond tribe, religion — Musa|url=https://punchng.com/afcon-nigeria-stands-united-beyond-tribe-religion-musa/|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmasị azụmahịa == N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2017, Musa zụrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ụgbọala nke abụọ na Naịjirịa, na-agbasawanye itinye ego ya na ngalaba ike. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Carmichael|first=Charlie|title=Leicester's Ahmed Musa buys second petrol station in Nigeria|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/leicesters-ahmed-musa-buys-second-petrol-station-nigeria|work=FourFourTwo|date=12 October 2017|accessdate=10 April 2022}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 1, 2021, Musa nyere iwu ka Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Center, nke dị na Kamazo, mpaghara [[Kaduna]] nke dị na [[Chikun]] Local Government Area. Ihe owuwu ahụ gụnyere mmega ahụ, ogige bọọlụ, na oghere ihe omume, ma na-eje ozi dị ka ebe mmepe ndị ntorobịa na itinye aka na obodo <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa’s Neighbourhood Centre Opens in Kaduna|url=https://dateline.ng/ahmed-musas-neighbourhood-centre-opens-in-kaduna/|work=Dateline Nigeria|date=1 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Jubilation as Ahmed Musa Commissions Multi-Million Naira Sports Facility in Kaduna|url=https://www.legit.ng/1400706-jubilation-ahmed-musa-commissions-multi-million-naira-sports-facility-kaduna.html|work=[[Legit.ng]]|date=3 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Ahmed Musa Opens His Multi-Million Naira Centre in Kaduna|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/ahmed-musa-opens-his-multi-million-naira-centre-in-kaduna/20240818|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|date=2 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa Launches Another Big Project in the North|url=https://everyevery.ng/ahmed-musa-lunch-another-big-project-in-the-north/|work=EveryEvery.ng|date=1 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Centre Gym|url=https://thenaijabodybuildingdirectory.com/ahmed-musa-neighbourhood-centre-gym/ahmed-musa-neighbourhood-centre-gym/|work=thenaijabodybuildingdirectory.com|accessdate=September 6, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Center|url=https://domynate.com/gym/ahmed-musa-neighborhood-center/|work=domynate.com|accessdate=September 5, 2025}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko mba[a] ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ[b] ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="3" |VVV-Venlo |2010–11 |Eredivisie |23 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |4[c] |2 |27 |7 |- |2011–12<ref name="wf" /> |Eredivisie |14 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |15 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !37 !8 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !4 !2 !42 !10 |- | rowspan="6" |CSKA Moscow |2011–12 |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |11 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |2[d] |0 | colspan="2" | - |13 |1 |- |2012–13<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |28 |11 |5 |4 | colspan="2" | - |2[e] |0 | colspan="2" | - |35 |15 |- |2013–14<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |26 |7 |4 |1 | colspan="2" | - |6[d] |1 |1[f] |0 |37 |9 |- |2014–15<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |30 |10 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |6[d] |1 |1[f] |0 |39 |11 |- |2015–16<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |29 |13 |4 |1 | colspan="2" | - |10[d] |4 | colspan="2" | - |43 |18 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !124 !42 !15 !6 ! colspan="2" |- !26 !6 !2 !0 !167 !55 |- | rowspan="3" |Obodo Leicester |2016–17 |Njikọ Premier |21 |2 |4 |2 |1 |0 |5[d] |0 |1[g] |0 |32 |4 |- |2017–18<ref name="sb" /> |Njikọ Premier |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !21 !2 !4 !2 !2 !1 !5 !0 !1 !0 !33 !5 |- |CSKA Moscow (onye a gbazitere) |2017–18<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |10 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |6[e] |1 | colspan="2" | - |16 |7 |- | rowspan="4" |Al Nassr |2018–19<ref name="sb" /> |Saudi Pro League |24 |7 |3 |2 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |4[h] |1 |31 |10 |- |2019–20<ref name="sb" /> |Saudi Pro League |24 |2 |4 |2 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |1[i] |0 |29 |4 |- |2020–21<ref name="sb" /> |Saudi Pro League |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !50 !9 !7 !4 ! colspan="2" |- !0 !0 !5 !1 !62 !14 |- |Ogidi Kano |2020–21<ref name="sb" /> |Njikọ bọọlụ Naịjirịa |8 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fatih Karagümrük |2021–22<ref name="sb" /> |Süper Lig |31 |2 |3 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |34 |4 |- |2022–23<ref name="sb" /> |Süper Lig |3 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !34 !2 !3 !2 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !37 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Sivasspor |2022–23<ref name="sb" /> |Süper Lig |17 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |3[j] |0 | colspan="2" | - |24 |0 |- |2023–24<ref name="sb" /> |Süper Lig |2 |0 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |4 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !19 !0 !6 !1 ! colspan="2" |- !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !28 !1 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !303 !69 !36 !15 !2 !1 !40 !7 !12 !3 !393 !96 |}   === Mba Nile === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="16" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2010 |2 |0 |- |2011 |10 |1 |- |2012 |6 |2 |- |2013 |17 |2 |- |2014 |12 |4 |- |2015 |9 |2 |- |2016 |5 |0 |- |2017 |5[a] |0 |- |2018 |13 |4 |- |2019 |11 |0 |- |2020 |4 |0 |- |2021 |8 |1 |- |2022 |4 |0 |- |2023 |2 |0 |- |2024 |1 |0 |- |2025 |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !110 !16 |} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{updated|match played 13 November 2021.}} :''Scores and results list Nigeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Musa goal''.<ref name="NFT"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Ahmed Musa gbara ! scope="col" |Mba. ! scope="col" |Ụbọchị ! scope="col" |Ebe a na-anọ ! scope="col" |Onye mmegide ! scope="col" |Ihe ruru ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! scope="col" |Ịsọ mpi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref. |- | align="center" |1 |29 Machị 2011 |National Stadium, [[Abuja]], Nigeria | Kenya | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |3–0 |Ndị nwere omume enyi | |- | align="center" |2 |16 June 2012 |U. J. Esuene Stadium, [[Calabar]], Nigeria | Rwanda | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" |2013 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru | |- | align="center" |3 |13 Ọktoba 2012 |U. J. Esuene Stadium, Calabar, Nigeria | Liberia | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |6–1 | |- | align="center" |4 |6 Febụwarị 2013 |Moses Mabhida Stadium, Durban, South Africa | Mali | align="center" |4–0 | align="center" |4–1 |2013 Iko Mba Afrịka | |- | align="center" |5 |June 5, 2013 |Ebe Egwuregwu Mba Nile nke Moi, Kasarani, Kenya | Kenya | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |2014 FIFA World Cup iru eru | |- | align="center" |6 | rowspan="2" |25 June 2014 | rowspan="2" |Estádio Beira-Rio, Praia de Belas, Brazil | rowspan="2" | Argentina | align="center" |1–1 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2–3 | rowspan="2" |2014 FIFA World Cup | rowspan="2" | |- | align="center" |7 | align="center" |2–2 |- | align="center" |8 | rowspan="2" |15 Ọktoba 2014 | rowspan="2" |National Stadium, Abuja, Nigeria | rowspan="2" | Sudan | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |3–1 | rowspan="2" |2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru | rowspan="2" | |- | align="center" |9 | align="center" |3–1 |- | align="center" |10 |28 Machị 2015 |Mbombela Stadium, Nelspruit, South Africa | South Africa | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 | rowspan="2" |Ndị nwere omume enyi | |- | align="center" |11 |8 Septemba 2015 |[[Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium]], Port Harcourt, Nigeria | Niger | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 | |- | align="center" |12 | rowspan="2" |22 June 2018 | rowspan="2" |Volgograd Arena, Volgograd, Russia | rowspan="2" | Iceland | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" |2018 FIFA World Cup | rowspan="2" |<ref name="Guardian220618">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jun/22/nigeria-iceland-ahmed-musa-world-cup-group-d-match-report|title=Nigeria's Ahmed Musa punishes wasteful Iceland to give Argentina hope. Musa also gave out a public announcement|work=The Guardian|accessdate=22 June 2018|date=22 June 2018}}</ref> |- | align="center" |13 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |14 |8 Septemba 2018 |Ogige Egwuregwu Linité, Victoria, Seychelles | Seychelles | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" |2019 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru | |- | align="center" |15 |16 Ọktoba 2018 |Ogige Egwuregwu Taïeb Mhiri, Sfax, Tunisia | Libya | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |3–2 | |- | align="center" |16 |13 Nọvemba 2021 |Ogige egwuregwu Ibn Batouta, Tangier, Morocco | Liberia | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 |2022 FIFA World Cup iru eru | |} * Russian Premier League: 2012-13, 2013-14, 2015-162015–16 * Iko Russia: 2012-132012–13 * Russian Super Cup: 2013, 2014 '''Al-Nassr''' * Saudi Pro League: 2018-19<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/ahmed-musa-amrabat-and-hamdallah-win-saudi-professional/1vlac224i0b4t1ja01fqctmfpa|title=Ahmed Musa, Amrabat and Hamdallah win Saudi Professional League title with Al Nassr|publisher=Goal|accessdate=18 May 2019}}</ref> * Saudi Super Cup: 2019 '''Naịjirịa U20''' '''Naịjirịa''' * Africa Cup of Nations: 2013; onye nke abụọ: 2023; <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> ebe nke atọ: 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|date=17 July 2019|title=Tunisia 0–1 Nigeria|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48932084|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227223831/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48932084|archivedate=27 February 2021|accessdate=18 July 2019|publisher=BBC}}</ref> * Iko Mba WAFU: 2010 '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria: 2009-102009–10 * Na ndepụta nke ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ 33 kachasị mma nke asọmpi nke Russia: 2012-132012–13 * Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na Russia: 2012-132012–13 * Ndị otu CAF nke Afọ: 2014<ref>{{Cite web|title=Glo-CAF awards 2014 winners|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/54/119850/Sports/Africa/GloCAF-awards--winners-.aspx|publisher=Ahram|date=January 9, 2015|accessdate=December 9, 2015|archivedate=28 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015452/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/54/119850/Sports/Africa/GloCAF-awards--winners-.aspx}}</ref> '''Iwu''' * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Abulmalik|first=Abdulrahman|date=13 February 2013|title=Jonathan doles out cash, land, national honours to Super Eagles|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/120039-jonathan-doles-out-cash-land-national-honours-to-super-eagles.html?tztc=1|accessdate=2024-02-17|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] * Onye isi nke Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Adeola|first=Ridwan|date=2024-02-13|title=AFCON 2023: Tinubu confers national honour of OON on Ahmed Musa|url=https://www.legit.ng/sports/football/1578649-afcon-2023-ahmed-musa-higher-award-tinubu-confers-national-honours-super-eagles-players/|accessdate=2024-02-15|work=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Hụkwa == * Portal bọọlụ n'Africa == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fyvpszjx9knunzzdg7wgs3708yis43a 632352 632351 2026-05-09T00:02:22Z Johnnybam 24488 632352 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Musa OON MON''' (/ˈɑːxmɛd muːsə/ i; amụrụ n'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1992) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ ma ọ bụ onye na-agbachitere ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Nigeria Premier Football League Kano Pillars . Musa ghọrọ onye Naijiria mbụ nyere akara ihe karịrị otu ugboro na asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke FIFA, ka ọ gbasịrị akara ugboro abụọ megide Argentina na 2014 FIFA World Cup. Musa bụkwa onye Naijiria mbụ nyere goolu n'asọmpi iko mba ụwa abụọ nke FIFA, ka ọ gbasịrị akara ọzọ megide Iceland na ọkwa otu nke 2018 FIFA World Cup. N'ihe ngosi 111, ọ bụ onye ọkpụkpọ Nigeria kachasị egwu kemgbe Nọvemba 2021. Musa bụ onye otu ndị otu egwuregwu Saudi Al Nassr nke meriri Saudi Premier League na Saudi Super Cup, abụọ na 2019. == Ọrụ klọb == Musa malitere ọrụ ya na GBS Football Academy . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3376/goalcom-youth-football/2010/11/13/2199634/goalcom-scouting-report-ahmed-musa-vvv-venlo-and-nigeria|title=Goal.com Scouting Report: Ahmed Musa – VVV Venlo and Nigeria|date=5 November 2010}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, a gbazinyere Musa na JUTH F.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kanopillars.com/home/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59:special-thanks-to-pillars-ahmad-musa&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=1|title=The Official Website of Kano Pillars Football Club – Masu Gida|accessdate=12 August 2016|archivedate=7 April 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407072141/http://www.kanopillars.com/home/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59:special-thanks-to-pillars-ahmad-musa&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=1}}</ref> ebe ọ gbara egwuregwu iri na asatọ, gbaa goolu anọ n'ime oge abụọ mbụ ya maka ndị Healers. E mechara gbazinye ya na Kano Pillars F.C., n'Oge 2009-10 ebe o setịpụrụ ndekọ league na-agba ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa ka Pillars mechara nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naijaligue.blogspot.com/2010/04/kano-pillars-is-bigger-than-me-ahmad.html|title=Nigerian Football League: Kano Pillars Is Bigger Than Me – Ahmad Musa|first=George|author=Akpayen|date=17 April 2010}}</ref> Musa nwere ihe ndekọ maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ kachasị elu a tụrụ n'otu oge n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Nigeria Premier League <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=1635|title=404 &#124; This post is not available &#124; All Nigeria Soccer|work=www.allnigeriasoccer.com}}</ref> ruo na Nọvemba 2011, mgbe [[Jude Aneke]] nke Kaduna United F.C. setịpụrụ ihe ndekọ ọhụrụ nke ihe mgbaru ndụ 20. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2011/nov/02-aneke-sets-new-npl-goals-tally.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118043458/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2011/nov/02-aneke-sets-new-npl-goals-tally.html|archivedate=18 November 2011|title=MTN Football}}</ref> === VVV-Venlo === Musa was transferred to [[Netherlands|Dutch]] club VVV-Venlo in summer 2010,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naijaligue.blogspot.com/2010/07/musa-leaves-for-vvv-venlo-in-fortnight.html|title=Nigerian Football League: Musa Leaves For VVV Venlo In Fortnight|first=George|author=Akpayen|date=29 July 2010}}</ref> but the move was held up because he was only 17 years of age and therefore not eligible for an ITC in accordance with the current FIFA rules. He was officially eligible to play for VVV-Venlo on 14 October 2010 when he eventually turned 18 years of age. N'ihe na-erughị otu izu mgbe ọ bịarutere na klọb ahụ, Musa mere nke mbụ ya maka VVV-Venlo megide FC Groningen na 30 Ọktoba. Ọ malitere egwuregwu ahụ maka VVV-Venlo, a kụrụ ya na nkeji nke iri ise wee nweta penalty kick.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NPL 2009/10 exports shine abroad|url=https://supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/101230/NPL_200910_exports_shine_abroad|accessdate=2021-06-01|work=supersport.com|language=en|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214112/https://supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/101230/NPL_200910_exports_shine_abroad}}</ref> N'ịbụ onye Goal.com kwuru n'etiti Hot 100 na-eto eto na-agba bọọlụ n'ụwa iji kirie na 2011, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3376/goalcom-youth-football/2011/01/01/2284652/goalcom-hot-100-the-young-stars-to-look-out-for-in-2011|title=Goal.com Hot 100 – The Young Stars To Look Out For in 2011|date=31 December 2010}}</ref> Lolade Adewuyi nke Goal. com tinyere ya na ndepụta nke Top Ten Nigerian International Players nke 2010 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/84/africa/2010/12/30/2283874/goalcoms-top-ten-nigerian-players-of-2010|title=Goal.com's Top Ten Nigerian Players of 2010|date=30 December 2010}}</ref> ma tinye ya na ndepụta IFFHS nke ndị egwuregwu 140 kachasị mma n'ụwa. Na 8 Machị 2011, Ahmed Musa meriri onye bọọlụ bọọlụ nke afọ nke AIT (mba). E mere emume ahụ na Presidential Hotel, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Ihe omume ahụ nwere ndị bịara, onye mmeri BBC African Footballer of the Year, onye Ghana Asamoah Gyan na ndị isi ọrụ si na Njikọ bọọlụ Naijiria gụnyere onye isi ala Aminu Maigari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201103140568.html|title=Nigeria: AIT Awards – Rewarding Soccer Excellence|first=Peter|author=Edema|date=14 March 2011|publisher=AllAfrica}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel, onye nduzi bọọlụ Venlo bụ Mario Captien kwuru na ndị nnọchi anya Tottenham Hotspur gara klọb ahụ gbasara onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.completesportsnigeria.com/news/2011/04/tottenham-interest-in-ahmed-musa-confirmed|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411051926/http://completesportsnigeria.com/news/2011/04/tottenham-interest-in-ahmed-musa-confirmed|title=VVV Confirm Totenham interest in Ahmed Musa 8 April 2011|archivedate=11 April 2011}}</ref> onye na-enyocha [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] bụ [[Tijani Babangida]] kwukwara na Ajax nwere mmasị na Musa mana a ga-ekpebi ihe ga-esi na ya pụta na ngwụcha oge ahụ. N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2011, Musa kụrụ aka iji mee ka Feyenoord daa 3-2 ma kwụsị egwu ọ bụla na-adịgide adịgide nke ịpụ na Eredivisie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,,12040_6908342,00.html|title=Eredivisie round-up}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2011, mgbe ọ lọtara na 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup na Colombia, Musa pụtara nke mbụ ya n'afọ 2011-12 n'ụlọ megide [[AFC Ajax]] ma gbaa goolu abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/|title=Soccer on ESPN - Scores, Stats and Highlights|work=ESPN.com}}</ref> Na Septemba, onye isi oche VVV-Venlo bụ Hai Berden kpu ghere na Eredivisie Live na VVV-Benlo ajụla ego ikpeazụ nke € 10 nde maka Musa site na Bundesliga. A kpughere aha klọb Bundesliga. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elfvoetbal.nl/Overige/162531/bundesliga-club-bood-tien-miljoen-euro-op-vvver-musa|title=Bundesliga-club bood tien miljoen euro op VVV'er Musa|work=Elfvoetbal.nl}}</ref>&nbsp; [[Faịlụ:Ahmed_Musa.jpg|thumb|281x281px|Musa na-egwuri egwu maka CSKA Moscow na 2012]] N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2014, ọ gbara goolu nkasi obi na nkeji iri asatọ na abụọ na 5-1 UEFA Champions League na A.S. Roma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=nl&u=http://www.vi.nl/Nieuws-item/213859/CSKA-Moskou-neemt-Musa-over-van-VVVVenlo.htm&ei=tZEIT_jDJo-YOq359e8H&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=1&sqi=2&ved=0CC0Q7gEwAA&prev=/search?q=CSKA+Moskou+neemt+Musa+over+van+VVV-Venlo&hl=en&biw=1909&bih=982&prmd=imvns|title=Google Translate|work=translate.google.com}}</ref> Na 1 June 2015, Musa bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ ọhụrụ na CSKA ruo na ngwụcha oge 2018-19. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa signs new 4-year deal with PFC CSKA|url=http://en.pfc-cska.com/news/team-news/Ahmed-Musa-signs-new-4-year-deal-with-PFC-CSKA/|work=[[PFC CSKA Moscow]]|accessdate=23 June 2015|date=1 June 2015}}</ref> Ọ gwụchara oge Premier League nke Russia na 2015-16 dị ka onye nke ise kachasị gbaa bọọlụ, na-aghọ otu n'ime naanị ndị egwuregwu asaa dị afọ 23 ma ọ bụ karịa iji nweta ọnụọgụ abụọ maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ na nke ọ bụla n'ime oge abụọ gara aga na asọmpi asaa kachasị elu na Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Musa Ahmed|url=http://en.pfc-cska.com/team/players/*4673/|work=en.pfc-cska.com/|publisher=CSKA Moscow|accessdate=14 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117021421/http://en.pfc-cska.com/team/players/*4673/|archivedate=17 November 2015}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:David_Luiz_and_Ahmed_Musa.jpg|thumb|Musa (n'aka nri) na-egwuri egwu maka Leicester City na egwuregwu league megide Chelsea na Stamford Bridge na 15 Ọktoba 2016]] Na 8 Julaị 2016, Musa kwagara Leicester City maka ndekọ klọb £ 16.6 nde.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=[[Leicester City F.C.]]|url=http://www.lcfc.com/news/article/2016-17/leicester-city-agree-deal-for-ahmed-musa-3175203.aspx|title=Leicester City Agree Deal For Ahmed Musa|date=8 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231054424/http://www.lcfc.com/news/article/2016-17/leicester-city-agree-deal-for-ahmed-musa-3175203.aspx|archivedate=31 December 2016}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na klọb ahụ na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Barcelona na 2016 International Champions Cup nke gwụrụ na mmeri 4-2.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Barcelona 4-2 Leicester City: Foxes club-record signing Ahmed Musa scores twice|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36969444|accessdate=8 September 2020|work=BBC Sport|date=3 August 2016}}</ref> O mere Premier League mbụ ya na 13 Ọgọstụ 2016 n'ụbọchị mmeghe nke klọb ahụ mmeri 2-1 na Hull City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36994520|title=Hull City 2–1 Leicester City|publisher=BBC Sport|date=13 August 2016|accessdate=24 October 2016}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na Premier League na mmeri 3-1 megide Crystal Palace na 22 Ọktoba 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Lewis|first=Aimee|title=Leicester City 3-1 Crystal Palace|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37663854|accessdate=8 September 2020|work=BBC Sport|date=22 October 2016}}</ref>&nbsp; Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2017, Musa ka debanyere aha enyemaka maka klọb ahụ, na-enye aka na nkezi nke 0.5 key passes, 0.3 cross na 1.2 dribbles na-aga nke ọma kwa egwuregwu. Na 30 Jenụwarị 2018, Musa laghachiri na CSKA Moscow na mgbazinye maka oge fọdụrụ na 2017-18. === Al Nassr === N'abalị anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2018, Musa kwagara n'akụkụ Saudi Arabia bụ Al Nassr na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ahmed Musa: Leicester City forward joins Al-Nassr in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45055581|publisher=BBC Sport|date=3 August 2018|accessdate=27 January 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, Al Nassr kwupụtara na Musa na-apụ.<ref name="premiumtimes">{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/423111-ahmed-musa-leaves-saudi-club.html|author=Eludini|first=Tunde|title=Ahmed Musa leaves Saudi club|date=26 Oct 2020|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> A kọrọ na a na-atụ anya na klọb Premier League West Bromwich Albion ga-emecha njem maka Musa na windo mbufe Jenụwarị maka oge 2020-21, mana njem ahụ dara. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2021/01/24/ahmed-musa-train-west-brom-sam-allardyce-considers-options-relegation/|title=Ahmed Musa to train with West Brom as Sam Allardyce 'considers all options' in relegation fight|first=John|author=Percy|date=24 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africanfootball.com/news/784321/Allardyce-Why-West-Brom-wont-sign-Ahmed-Musa|title=Allardyce: Why West Brom won't sign Ahmed Musa|work=African Football}}</ref> N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel 2021, Musa laghachiri na klọb Naijiria Kano Pillars ruo na ngwụcha oge 2020-21. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-13|title=Official: Ahmed Musa rejoins Kano Pillars until the end of the season|url=https://kano-pillars.com/official-ahmed-musa-rejoins-kano-pillars-until-the-end-of-the-season/|accessdate=2021-04-14|work=Kano Pillars FC|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-14|title=Ex-Leicester forward Musa rejoins Nigerian club Kano Pillars|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210414-ex-leicester-forward-musa-rejoins-nigerian-club-kano-pillars|accessdate=2021-06-07|work=France 24|language=en}}</ref> ==== Fatih Karagümrük ==== Na 23 Julaị 2021, Musa sonyeere klọb Turkey Fatih Karagümrük, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Inyang|first=Ifreke|date=2021-07-23|title=Ahmed Musa's new club confirmed|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/07/23/ahmed-musas-new-club-confirmed/|accessdate=2023-07-05|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|date=23 July 2021|title=Nigeria captain Musa seals European return|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/57940707|accessdate=2023-07-05}}</ref> Mgbe otu oge gasịrị, Musa kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta ya na nkwekọrịta abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-09-02|title=Turkey's Fatih Karagumruk terminate Ahmed Musa's contract|url=https://www.thecable.ng/turkeys-fatih-karagumruk-terminate-ahmed-musas-contract|accessdate=2023-07-05|work=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Na 2 Septemba 2022, Musa bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ maka otu egwuregwu Turkey bụ Sivasspor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-09-02|title=Ahmed Musa Demir Grup Sivasspor'umuzda - Demir Grup Sivasspor Kulübü Resmi İnternet Sitesi|url=https://www.sivasspor.org.tr/ahmed-musa-demir-grup-sivassporumuzda/|accessdate=2023-07-05|language=tr}}</ref> A kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta ya na nkwekọrịta abụọ.[2]<ref>{{Cite news|author=Amosu|first=Adeboye|date=2024-02-28|title=Musa Part Ways With Turkish Club Sivasspor|url=https://www.completesports.com/musa-part-ways-with-turkish-club-sivasspor/|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=[[Complete Sports]]|language=en-us}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2024, Musa laghachiri na Kano Pillars maka oge nke atọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/ahmed-musa-sheu-abdullahi-rejoin-kano-pillars/|title=Ahmed Musa, Sheu Abdullahi rejoin Kano Pillars|date=4 October 2024|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == [[Faịlụ:Ahmed_Musa_2013.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Musa na [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] na 2013]] [[Faịlụ:Nigeria_vs_Argentina.jpg|thumb|Musa na Naijiria megide Argentina na 2018 FIFA World Cup]] N'April 2010, n'okpuru onye nchịkwa Lars Lagerbäck, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'ogige ọzụzụ ndị otu egwuregwu football nke Nigeria n'ihu 2010 FIFA World Cup na South Africa[1] mgbe o nyeere ndị otu Naijiria aka imeri na 2010 WAFU Nations Cup, na-ebute ihe mgbaru ọsọ megide Benin. N'otu egwuregwu ahụ ha na Burkina Faso, goolu Musa gbagoro n'ime oge mgbatị ahụ mere ka Naịjirịa nwee ike ịbanye na ngwụcha asọmpi ahụ na Abeokuta. Agbanyeghị, a manyere ya ịpụ na ndị otu Super Eagles nwere mmadụ iri atọ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ ọ merụrụ ahụ. N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2010, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, Musa mere nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na Egwuregwu iru eru maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2012 megide Madagascar, ebe ọ bịara dị ka onye nọchiri [[John Obi Mikel|Mikel John Obi]] na mmeri 2-0.<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=344714/profile-detail.html|title=Agmed MUSA|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Musa gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Super Eagles na March 2011 friendly megide Kenya. N'April 2011, Musa tinyere n'òtù egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Nigeria n'okpuru-20 iji nọchite anya mba ahụ na 2011 African Youth Championship qualifiers, n'agbanyeghị na VVV Venlo kwuputara na ya anọghị ya maka asọmpi ahụ n'ihi nkwa ọgbakọ. Mgbe mkparịta ụka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na ndị otu Naijiria, VVV Venlo na ndị nnọchiteanya Musa gasịrị, e kwekọrịtara na Musa ga-agbagharị n'etiti Netherlands na South Africa iji soro ndị otu mba ahụ sonye na asọmpi ahụ. Mgbe egwuregwu mmeghe megide ndị na-agbachitere Ghana, Musa meriri ihe nrite ọkpụkpọ kacha baa uru wee banye ụgbọ elu ọzọ laghachi Netherlands. N'August 2011, Musa nọchitere Nigeria U20 na 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup nke emere na Colombia, ebe o meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ atọ na egwuregwu ise. FIFA tinyere Musa na ndepụta nke 10 ndị ga-aga maka bọọlụ Adidas Golden Ball, bụ nke e nyere onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị ama nke FIFA U-20 World Cup. Na 7 Disemba 2011, Ahmed Musa bụ otu n'ime ndị anọ a họpụtara maka Confederation of African Football Most Promising Talent Award, agbanyeghị onyinye ahụ gara na Souleymane Coulibaly nke Ivory Coast. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/football/news/12447-toure-crowned-african-player-of-the-year-2011.html|title=CAF – CAF Error Page}}</ref> A kpọrọ Musa ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ọ gbara na mmeri 4-1 nke ọkara ikpeazụ nke Mali wee pụta dị ka onye nọchiri Burkina Faso na nke ikpeazụ, dịka Super Eagles meriri nke atọ ha. N'ozuzu, ọ pụtara na ise n'ime egwuregwu isii nke otu ahụ.<ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=344714/profile-detail.html|title=Agmed MUSA|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> Na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, ọ malitere na egwuregwu atọ niile nke otu ahụ ka e wepụrụ ha n'ọkwa otu. <ref name="fifa" /> Mgbe ọ pụtara n'egwuregwu niile nke Naịjirịa, <ref name="fifa">{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=344714/profile-detail.html|title=Agmed MUSA|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}</ref> A kpọrọ aha Musa na ndị otu Stephen Keshi maka 2014 FIFA World Cup. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu abụọ n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke otu F, mmeri 3-2 na Argentina.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285406|title=Nigeria 2–3 Argentina|date=25 June 2014|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=BBC}}</ref> N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2015, mgbe Vincent Enyeama lara ezumike nká na bọọlụ mba ụwa, onye nkuzi Naijiria, Sunday Oliseh kpọrọ Musa dịka onyeisi ndị otu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2015/10/09/16174222/official-ahmed-musa-confirmed-nigeria-captain-onazi-his|title=Ahmed Musa confirmed Nigeria captain, Onazi his deputy|date=9 October 2015|accessdate=25 March 2021|publisher=Goal}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, a gbanwere mkpebi a na 2016 ka a họpụtara Mikel John Obi ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ndị otu Naijiria ma bufee Musa ka ọ bụrụ osote onyeisi. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/17252/super-eagles/2016/03/24/21649252/mikel-obi-named-new-nigeria-captain|title=Mikel Obi named new Nigeria captain|date=24 March 2016|accessdate=25 March 2021|publisher=Goal}}</ref> N'ọnwa Mee 2018, a kpọrọ ya aha na ndị otu egwuregwu iri atọ mbụ nke Nigeria maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke 2018 na Russia. N'agbanyeghị na ọrụ ya megide Iceland dị oke mma, o zughị ezu idebe ndị West Africa n'asọmpi ahụ ka Argentina wepụrụ ha. Na 22 June 2018, Musa meriri ugboro abụọ na mmeri 2-0 meriri Iceland na egwuregwu nke abụọ ha nke iko mba ụwa. N'ọnwa Jun afọ 2019 ọ ghọrọ onye egwuregwu nke atọ kacha nwee asọmpi maka otu mba Naịjirịa, karịa Nwankwo Kanu, ka ọ pụtachara na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ha na Zimbabwe. Onye isi nchịkwa Gernot Rohr kpọrọ ya aha na otu egwuregwu mba Africa nke 2019. Ọ sokwa na ndị otu Naịjirịa na asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2021 na 2023 nke emere na Cameroon na Ivory Coast n'otu n'otu. N'afọ 2023 AFCON, Musa bụ onye nọchiri anya n'oge niile mana ọrụ nchịkwa ya na mmetụta dị mma n'ime otu ahụ bụ nke onye nchịkwa na ndị egwuregwu kwadoro. N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2021, Musa meriri n'asọmpi mba ụwa nke iri na otu, karịa ihe ndekọ [[Joseph Yobo|Josef Yobo]] nwere n'oge gara aga.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/11/13/ahmed-musa-overtakes-enyeama-yobo-to-become-most-capped-super-eagles-player/|title=Ahmed Musa overtakes Enyeama, Yobo to become most-capped Super Eagles player|first=Ifreke|author=Inyang|date=13 November 2021|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, Musa kwupụtara ezumike nká ya n'ọrụ mba ụwa, mgbe ọ lara ezumike nkwe, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Akinsanmi|first='Sola|date=2025-12-17|title=Ahmed Musa retires from football, turns focus on administration|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/football/ahmed-musa-retires-from-football-turns-focus-on-administration/|accessdate=2025-12-17|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> o nwere ihe ndekọ nke onye na-agba bọọlụ kacha agba bọọlụ na Naijiria <ref>{{Cite news|author=Akinbo|first=Peter|date=2025-11-15|title=Top 10 most capped Super Eagles players|url=https://punchng.com/top-10-most-capped-super-eagles-players/|accessdate=2025-12-17|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> na egwuregwu 111 maka otu mba. == Ndụ onwe onye == N'ọnwa Eprel 2017, Musa tinyere aka na esemokwu ya na nwunye ya Jamila, nke mere ka a kpọọ ndị uwe ojii n'ụlọ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Aarons, Ed|title=Leicester's Ahmed Musa considering legal action over reports he beat up wife|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/apr/06/ahmed-musa-leicester-legal-action-wife|accessdate=24 June 2018|work=The Guardian|date=6 April 2017}}</ref> N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, di na nwunye ahụ gbara alụkwaghịm na-esote "ọdịiche na-enweghị ngwọta".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|title=Why Ahmed Musa divorced his wife|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/04/15/ahmed-musa-divorced-wife-family-source/|accessdate=24 June 2018|date=15 April 2017|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> Na 23 Mee, Musa lụrụ Juliet Ejue na [[Abuja]].<ref>{{Cite news|author=Adetayo|first=Ayoola|title=Ahmed Musa: Nigerian footballer weds Juliet Ejue in Abuja|url=http://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/ahmed-musa-weds-juliet-ejue-in-abuja-id6729438.html|accessdate=24 June 2018|date=24 May 2017|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Super Eagles' Ahmed Musa and Juliet Ejue are Married|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/super-eagles-ahmed-musa-and-juliet-ejue-are-married/|accessdate=24 June 2018|work=BellaNaija.com|date=24 May 2017}}</ref> Na 24 Jenụwarị 2019, Musa kwupụtara akụkọ ọnwụ nne ya Sarah Musa na ibe Twitter ya. Ọ na-arịa ọrịa n'oge gara aga. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Admin|title=Ahmed Musa loses mum|url=https://punchng.com/ahmed-musa-loses-mum/|work=[[The Punch]]|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=29 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Nsiyen|first=Nsikak|title=SPORTSuper Eagles player, Ahmed Musa loses mum|url=http://dailypost.ng/2019/01/24/super-eagles-player-ahmed-musa-loses-mum/|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=29 January 2019}}</ref> Musa onye bụ onye Alakụba, chere nkatọ sitere n'aka [[Ndi áláküba|Ndị Alakụba]] ihu maka ịchọ Krismas na-atọ ụtọ nye ndị na-eso ụzọ instagram ya na post na-ede: "Ekele nke oge ememme a, ana m ekpegara ka ị nwee ezi ọṅụ na udo ma mee ka ihe ndị na-eme ememme ghara ịkwụsị n'ụlọ gị niile. Ka ọ na-etinye foto nke Nwunye Onye Kraịst ya n'akụkụ Osisi Krismas.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-12-26|title=Ahmed Musa faces backlash for wishing fans Merry Christmas|url=https://www.afrik-foot.com/en-ng/ahmed-musa-christmas-backlash|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=afrik-foot.com|language=en-ng}}</ref> N'ịgbaso nkatọ sitere n'aka Ndị Alakụba Naijiria, Musa kpọrọ ndị Naijiria ka ha cheta na "n'egwuregwu mara mma, anyị na-eguzo n'otu, na-agafe agbụrụ na Okpukpe" <ref name="Ubanagu">{{Cite news|author=Ubanagu|first=Makua|date=2024-01-28|title=AFCON: Nigeria stands united, beyond tribe, religion — Musa|url=https://punchng.com/afcon-nigeria-stands-united-beyond-tribe-religion-musa/|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Musa rịọkwara ndị Naijiria ka ha "jikọta aka maka udo, ihe mgbaru ọsọ, na ọdịnihu dị mma". <ref name="Ubanagu">{{Cite news|author=Ubanagu|first=Makua|date=2024-01-28|title=AFCON: Nigeria stands united, beyond tribe, religion — Musa|url=https://punchng.com/afcon-nigeria-stands-united-beyond-tribe-religion-musa/|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmasị azụmahịa == N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2017, Musa zụrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ụgbọala nke abụọ na Naịjirịa, na-agbasawanye itinye ego ya na ngalaba ike. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Carmichael|first=Charlie|title=Leicester's Ahmed Musa buys second petrol station in Nigeria|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/leicesters-ahmed-musa-buys-second-petrol-station-nigeria|work=FourFourTwo|date=12 October 2017|accessdate=10 April 2022}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 1, 2021, Musa nyere iwu ka Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Center, nke dị na Kamazo, mpaghara [[Kaduna]] nke dị na [[Chikun]] Local Government Area. Ihe owuwu ahụ gụnyere mmega ahụ, ogige bọọlụ, na oghere ihe omume, ma na-eje ozi dị ka ebe mmepe ndị ntorobịa na itinye aka na obodo <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa’s Neighbourhood Centre Opens in Kaduna|url=https://dateline.ng/ahmed-musas-neighbourhood-centre-opens-in-kaduna/|work=Dateline Nigeria|date=1 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Jubilation as Ahmed Musa Commissions Multi-Million Naira Sports Facility in Kaduna|url=https://www.legit.ng/1400706-jubilation-ahmed-musa-commissions-multi-million-naira-sports-facility-kaduna.html|work=[[Legit.ng]]|date=3 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Ahmed Musa Opens His Multi-Million Naira Centre in Kaduna|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/ahmed-musa-opens-his-multi-million-naira-centre-in-kaduna/20240818|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|date=2 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa Launches Another Big Project in the North|url=https://everyevery.ng/ahmed-musa-lunch-another-big-project-in-the-north/|work=EveryEvery.ng|date=1 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Centre Gym|url=https://thenaijabodybuildingdirectory.com/ahmed-musa-neighbourhood-centre-gym/ahmed-musa-neighbourhood-centre-gym/|work=thenaijabodybuildingdirectory.com|accessdate=September 6, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Center|url=https://domynate.com/gym/ahmed-musa-neighborhood-center/|work=domynate.com|accessdate=September 5, 2025}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko mba[a] ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ[b] ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="3" |VVV-Venlo |2010–11 |Eredivisie |23 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |4[c] |2 |27 |7 |- |2011–12<ref name="wf" /> |Eredivisie |14 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |15 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !37 !8 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !4 !2 !42 !10 |- | rowspan="6" |CSKA Moscow |2011–12 |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |11 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |2[d] |0 | colspan="2" | - |13 |1 |- |2012–13<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |28 |11 |5 |4 | colspan="2" | - |2[e] |0 | colspan="2" | - |35 |15 |- |2013–14<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |26 |7 |4 |1 | colspan="2" | - |6[d] |1 |1[f] |0 |37 |9 |- |2014–15<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |30 |10 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |6[d] |1 |1[f] |0 |39 |11 |- |2015–16<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |29 |13 |4 |1 | colspan="2" | - |10[d] |4 | colspan="2" | - |43 |18 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !124 !42 !15 !6 ! colspan="2" |- !26 !6 !2 !0 !167 !55 |- | rowspan="3" |Obodo Leicester |2016–17 |Njikọ Premier |21 |2 |4 |2 |1 |0 |5[d] |0 |1[g] |0 |32 |4 |- |2017–18<ref name="sb" /> |Njikọ Premier |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !21 !2 !4 !2 !2 !1 !5 !0 !1 !0 !33 !5 |- |CSKA Moscow (onye a gbazitere) |2017–18<ref name="sw" /> |Njikọ Premier nke Russia |10 |6 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |6[e] |1 | colspan="2" | - |16 |7 |- | rowspan="4" |Al Nassr |2018–19<ref name="sb" /> |Saudi Pro League |24 |7 |3 |2 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |4[h] |1 |31 |10 |- |2019–20<ref name="sb" /> |Saudi Pro League |24 |2 |4 |2 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |1[i] |0 |29 |4 |- |2020–21<ref name="sb" /> |Saudi Pro League |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !50 !9 !7 !4 ! colspan="2" |- !0 !0 !5 !1 !62 !14 |- |Ogidi Kano |2020–21<ref name="sb" /> |Njikọ bọọlụ Naịjirịa |8 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Fatih Karagümrük |2021–22<ref name="sb" /> |Süper Lig |31 |2 |3 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |34 |4 |- |2022–23<ref name="sb" /> |Süper Lig |3 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !34 !2 !3 !2 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !37 !4 |- | rowspan="3" |Sivasspor |2022–23<ref name="sb" /> |Süper Lig |17 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |3[j] |0 | colspan="2" | - |24 |0 |- |2023–24<ref name="sb" /> |Süper Lig |2 |0 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |4 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !19 !0 !6 !1 ! colspan="2" |- !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !28 !1 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !303 !69 !36 !15 !2 !1 !40 !7 !12 !3 !393 !96 |}   === Mba Nile === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="16" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2010 |2 |0 |- |2011 |10 |1 |- |2012 |6 |2 |- |2013 |17 |2 |- |2014 |12 |4 |- |2015 |9 |2 |- |2016 |5 |0 |- |2017 |5[a] |0 |- |2018 |13 |4 |- |2019 |11 |0 |- |2020 |4 |0 |- |2021 |8 |1 |- |2022 |4 |0 |- |2023 |2 |0 |- |2024 |1 |0 |- |2025 |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !110 !16 |} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{updated|match played 13 November 2021.}} :''Scores and results list Nigeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Musa goal''.<ref name="NFT"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Ahmed Musa gbara ! scope="col" |Mba. ! scope="col" |Ụbọchị ! scope="col" |Ebe a na-anọ ! scope="col" |Onye mmegide ! scope="col" |Ihe ruru ! scope="col" |Nsonaazụ ! scope="col" |Ịsọ mpi ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref. |- | align="center" |1 |29 Machị 2011 |National Stadium, [[Abuja]], Nigeria | Kenya | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |3–0 |Ndị nwere omume enyi | |- | align="center" |2 |16 June 2012 |U. J. Esuene Stadium, [[Calabar]], Nigeria | Rwanda | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" |2013 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru | |- | align="center" |3 |13 Ọktoba 2012 |U. J. Esuene Stadium, Calabar, Nigeria | Liberia | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |6–1 | |- | align="center" |4 |6 Febụwarị 2013 |Moses Mabhida Stadium, Durban, South Africa | Mali | align="center" |4–0 | align="center" |4–1 |2013 Iko Mba Afrịka | |- | align="center" |5 |June 5, 2013 |Ebe Egwuregwu Mba Nile nke Moi, Kasarani, Kenya | Kenya | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |2014 FIFA World Cup iru eru | |- | align="center" |6 | rowspan="2" |25 June 2014 | rowspan="2" |Estádio Beira-Rio, Praia de Belas, Brazil | rowspan="2" | Argentina | align="center" |1–1 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2–3 | rowspan="2" |2014 FIFA World Cup | rowspan="2" | |- | align="center" |7 | align="center" |2–2 |- | align="center" |8 | rowspan="2" |15 Ọktoba 2014 | rowspan="2" |National Stadium, Abuja, Nigeria | rowspan="2" | Sudan | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |3–1 | rowspan="2" |2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru | rowspan="2" | |- | align="center" |9 | align="center" |3–1 |- | align="center" |10 |28 Machị 2015 |Mbombela Stadium, Nelspruit, South Africa | South Africa | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 | rowspan="2" |Ndị nwere omume enyi | |- | align="center" |11 |8 Septemba 2015 |[[Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium]], Port Harcourt, Nigeria | Niger | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 | |- | align="center" |12 | rowspan="2" |22 June 2018 | rowspan="2" |Volgograd Arena, Volgograd, Russia | rowspan="2" | Iceland | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" |2018 FIFA World Cup | rowspan="2" |<ref name="Guardian220618">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jun/22/nigeria-iceland-ahmed-musa-world-cup-group-d-match-report|title=Nigeria's Ahmed Musa punishes wasteful Iceland to give Argentina hope. Musa also gave out a public announcement|work=The Guardian|accessdate=22 June 2018|date=22 June 2018}}</ref> |- | align="center" |13 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |14 |8 Septemba 2018 |Ogige Egwuregwu Linité, Victoria, Seychelles | Seychelles | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" |2019 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru | |- | align="center" |15 |16 Ọktoba 2018 |Ogige Egwuregwu Taïeb Mhiri, Sfax, Tunisia | Libya | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |3–2 | |- | align="center" |16 |13 Nọvemba 2021 |Ogige egwuregwu Ibn Batouta, Tangier, Morocco | Liberia | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 |2022 FIFA World Cup iru eru | |} * Russian Premier League: 2012-13, 2013-14, 2015-162015–16 * Iko Russia: 2012-132012–13 * Russian Super Cup: 2013, 2014 '''Al-Nassr''' * Saudi Pro League: 2018-19<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/ahmed-musa-amrabat-and-hamdallah-win-saudi-professional/1vlac224i0b4t1ja01fqctmfpa|title=Ahmed Musa, Amrabat and Hamdallah win Saudi Professional League title with Al Nassr|publisher=Goal|accessdate=18 May 2019}}</ref> * Saudi Super Cup: 2019 '''Naịjirịa U20''' '''Naịjirịa''' * Africa Cup of Nations: 2013; onye nke abụọ: 2023; <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> ebe nke atọ: 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|date=17 July 2019|title=Tunisia 0–1 Nigeria|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48932084|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227223831/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48932084|archivedate=27 February 2021|accessdate=18 July 2019|publisher=BBC}}</ref> * Iko Mba WAFU: 2010 '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria: 2009-102009–10 * Na ndepụta nke ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ 33 kachasị mma nke asọmpi nke Russia: 2012-132012–13 * Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na Russia: 2012-132012–13 * Ndị otu CAF nke Afọ: 2014<ref>{{Cite web|title=Glo-CAF awards 2014 winners|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/54/119850/Sports/Africa/GloCAF-awards--winners-.aspx|publisher=Ahram|date=January 9, 2015|accessdate=December 9, 2015|archivedate=28 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015452/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/54/119850/Sports/Africa/GloCAF-awards--winners-.aspx}}</ref> '''Iwu''' * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Abulmalik|first=Abdulrahman|date=13 February 2013|title=Jonathan doles out cash, land, national honours to Super Eagles|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/120039-jonathan-doles-out-cash-land-national-honours-to-super-eagles.html?tztc=1|accessdate=2024-02-17|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] * Onye isi nke Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|author=Adeola|first=Ridwan|date=2024-02-13|title=AFCON 2023: Tinubu confers national honour of OON on Ahmed Musa|url=https://www.legit.ng/sports/football/1578649-afcon-2023-ahmed-musa-higher-award-tinubu-confers-national-honours-super-eagles-players/|accessdate=2024-02-15|work=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Hụkwa == * Portal bọọlụ n'Africa == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kpl6vjbv3sy8m6djavvxg2jujcilxsc 0 75334 632354 2026-05-09T05:06:37Z NiferO 20385 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330326110|Christian Omeruo]]" 632354 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Christian Omeruo''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Christian Omeruo.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 13 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1992) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke gbara bọọlụ maka ndị otu Nigeria Premier League na Nigeria U-20. BỌ bụ nwanne nwoke nke ndị na-agba bọọlụ Kenneth Omeruo na [[Lucky Omeruo]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/nnl-kwara-united-whip-fc-zamfara/|title=NNL: Kwara United whip FC Zamfara|work=The Eagle Online|first=Popoola|author=Babalola|date=24 July 2016|accessdate=8 February 2022}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Omeruo bụ onye ọkpọ ụkwụ abụọ nke Karamone chọtara ya. Ọ malitere mpụta egwuregwu bọọlụ ọkachamara ya na COD United FC. na oge 2012/13, emesia bịanyere aka na ya maka Sunshine Stars FC[[Sunshine Stars F.C.|.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigeriafootball.com/playerInfo,331,Christian-Omeruo|title=Profile of Christian Omeruo|accessdate=2017-02-24|archivedate=2017-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224222336/http://www.nigeriafootball.com/playerInfo,331,Christian-Omeruo}}</ref> ma na-egwuri egwu n'etiti afọ 2013 na 2015 Nigeria Premier League oge n'ihi nnukwu ọrụ ya maka COD United, Ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na Kwara United FC. na asọmpi 2015/16. Akpọrọ ya òkù na Nigeria U-20 na 2012 wee mee egwuregwu 12 na ihe mgbaru ọsọ anọ maka ndị otu mba na egwuregwu enyi, asọmpi asọmpi na egwuregwu qualifier. Ọ nọ na njedebe isonyere ụfọdụ ndị otu Asia, North Africa na European mana ego mbufe Sunshine Stars dị oke ọnụ maka na ọ bụ onye agba bọọlụ gbagoro n'otu egwuregwu ahụ ma na-eduga onye kacha agba bọọlụ n'asọmpi. O nyere ndị otu ya ọkpụ goolu abụọ na otu goolu dịka otu n'ime ha bụ ndị Kano Pillars. == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.nigeriafootball.com/playerInfo,331,Christian-Omeruo- Christian Omeruo Profile] E debere ya na Wayback Machine [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] omha6aetd5n0s9pamxtybp8d319wyvs 0 75335 632355 2026-05-09T05:18:13Z NiferO 20385 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342443254|Yusuf Mohamed (footballer, born 1983)]]" 632355 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Yusuf Mohamed''' (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 5 n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1983) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-azụ azụ aka nri. == Ọrụ == Mohamed meriri Enyimba n'asọmpi Champions League n'afọ 2003 na 2004, tupu ọ kwaga otu Al-Hilal nke Sudan. Na abali iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 2009, ọ gara FC Sion nke Switzerland site na Al-Hilal. Mohammed gara ahụike ma kweta na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na ọkara n'oge iji merie oge mbufe, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.football.ch/sfl/de/start.aspx?vNews=1&newsID=6|title=Swiss Football League – Resultate und Ranglisten|language=de|accessdate=14 May 2018}}</ref> na-agbaso nzọụkwụ nke onye obodo ya Obinna Nwaneri, onye sonyekwara Sion na 2007 mgbe ọ banyere n'òtù [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]]. Mohammed nwetara ọkpụ iri na atọ maka Super Eagles, ya na ndị otu France Paris Saint-Germain gafeburu ule, mana ọ họọrọ imezu nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta tupu ya na klọb Switzerland kama. Ọ laghachiri Al-Hilal n'ọnwa Mee 2010. O mechara nwetaghachi ya site na mmerụ ahụ merụrụ n'afọ 2010 Africa Cup of Nations nke mere ka ewepụrụ ya na 2010 FIFA World Cup otu. == Nsọpụrụ == * CAF Champions League: 2003, 2004 * Sudan Premier League: 2005, 2006, 2007 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Yusuf Mohamedna National-Football-Teams.com * Yusuf Mohamedna WorldFootball.net * FC Sion profaịlụ (n'asụsụ French) {{Nigeria Squad 2010 Africa Cup of Nations}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jesfduhmawvekbh9l7x6mqcwiz1c939 0 75336 632357 2026-05-09T05:22:54Z NiferO 20385 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329656685|Maxwell Kalu]]" 632357 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Maxwell Kalu''' {{Audio|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Chikeme Chizurum-Maxwell Kalu.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 23 n'ọnwa Maachị afọ 1976 na [[Abá|Aba]]) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-eti ihe. == Ihe ịga nke ọma == '''Udoji United''' * Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria: 1996 '''Enyi Wronki''' * Iko mba Poland: 1997-98, 1998-99, 1999-20001999–2000 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Maxwell Kaluna90minut.pl (n'asụsụ Polish) [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rjd8ly5127fmhvdcm2tcunl6duli67i 0 75337 632358 2026-05-09T05:25:40Z NiferO 20385 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332271341|Osas Idehen]]" 632358 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Phillip Osamudienwen "Osas" '''Idehen''' (amụrụ na 13 n'ọnwa Mee afọ 1990) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == O mere nke mbụ ya na mba Naijiria na 3 n'ọnwa Maachị afọ 2010, na-agba bọọlụ megide Congo DR na egwuregwu enyi na enyi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://goal.com/en/news/89/africa/2010/03/03/1816423/nigeria-5-2-dr-congo-osas-idehen-shows-class-against|title=Nigeria 5-2 DR Congo: Osas Idehen Shows Class Against Leopards|accessdate=3 March 2010|archivedate=9 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209002919/http://goal.com/en/news/89/africa/2010/03/03/1816423/nigeria-5-2-dr-congo-osas-idehen-shows-class-against}}</ref> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o9niaurowvfhzkzjsv0nycaf5h618h0 0 75338 632360 2026-05-09T05:31:58Z NiferO 20385 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1329879011|Enyinnaya Godswill]]" 632360 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Enyinnaya Godswill''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-Enyinnaya Godswill.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ n'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1999) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere ndị otu egwuregwu Premier Soccer League Stellenbosch <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ng.soccerway.com/players/enyinaya-kazie-godswill/683228|title=K. Godswill|work=ng.soccerway.com|accessdate=16 July 2024}}</ref> na CHAN Eagles .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africatopsports.com/2022/08/28/elim-chan-2023-ghana-vs-nigeria-les-compos-officielles|title=ELIM CHAN 2023 : GHANA VS NIGÉRIA, LES COMPOS OFFICIELLES|work=africatopsports.com|accessdate=16 July 2024}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Godswill natara oku mbụ ya na CHAN Eagles maka ụkwụ abụọ 2022 CHAN Qualifiers megide Ghana B team. O tinyeghị aka na ụkwụ nke mbụ, mana ọ malitere asọmpi a na-akpọ reverse, nke e mere n'ama egwuregwu Moshood Abiola na 3 n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/lists/nigeria-starting-xi-super-eagles-make-five-changes-against-ghana/blt305c27810f03855c#cs3828509e25ff36db|title=Nigeria starting XI - Super Eagles make five changes against Ghana|work=goal.com|accessdate=17 July 2024}}</ref> N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2021, a kpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi na Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/nigeria-confirm-23-man-squad-for-mexico-friendly-four-players-dropped/apatqqnnw8ey1te04d4n5oq52|title=Nigeria confirm 23-man squad for Mexico friendly, four players dropped|work=goal.com|accessdate=17 July 2024}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == === Klọb === ==== Osimiri United ==== * Nigeria Premier League: Ndị mmeri 2021-20222021–2022 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Enyinnaya Godswillna WorldFootball.net * Enyinnaya Godswillna National-Football-Teams.com [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] q53dsr4ageltcaznhtodqp161auemez 0 75339 632367 2026-05-09T07:19:57Z Bigcee007 24507 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349560866|Antimicrobial resistance]]" 632367 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_sensitivity_and_resistance.jpg|alt=Two petri dishes with antibiotic resistance tests|thumb|Nnwale iguzogide ọgwụ nje : A na-agbanye nje bacteria na ihe siri ike na efere Petri na diski akwụkwọ na-edobe n'elu, nke ọ bụla na-agbanye ọgwụ nje dị iche iche. Mgbanaka doro anya, dị ka ndị dị n'aka ekpe, na-egosi na nje bacteria etobeghị gburugburu diski, na-egosi na nje bacteria ndị a adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria ndị dị n'aka nri na-eguzogide nke ọma atọ n'ime asaa ma na-eguzogide ọgwụ abụọ n'ime ọgwụ nje asaa a nwalere ]] '''Mgbochi nje''' ( '''AMR''' ma ọ bụ '''AR''' ) na-eme mgbe nje bacteria na-agbanwe usoro ndị na-echebe ha pụọ na ọgwụ nje, nke bụ ọgwụ e ji agwọ ọrịa n'ime mmadụ, anụmanụ, na osisi. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=World Health Organization (WHO)|date=November 21, 2023|title=Antimicrobial resistance.|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Nje bacteria ọ bụla nwere ike inwe iguzogide, gụnyere nje bacteria ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje virus ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje bacteria (nguzogide '''nje''' ), na fungi ( '''nguzogide nje''' ). N'otu aka ahụ, mgbanwe ndị a na-adaba n'okpuru nche anwụ AMR, na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka nye ahụike n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na njikwa na-ezighi ezi bụ isi ihe na-akpata iguzogide a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwekwara ike ime n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mgbasa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eguzogide ọgwụ. <ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref> A na-akpọ nje bacteria ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche ọgwụ dị iche iche (MDR) ma a na-akpọkwa ha superbugs mgbe ụfọdụ. <ref name="Magiorakos">{{Cite journal|date=March 2012|title=Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=18|issue=3|pages=268–281|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x|pmid=21793988}}</ref> Mgbochi ọgwụ nje, obere mpaghara AMR, na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, na-akpaghasị njikwa ọrịa na nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Nguzogide na-ebilite site na ngbanwe na mberede, mbufe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, yana mmụba nke nhọrọ site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe, ma na ọgwụ na ọrụ ugbo, nke na-eme ka mmepe nguzogide dị ngwa ngwa.<ref name="MP">{{Cite journal|title=Global antibiotic resistance is mostly periodic|journal=Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance|volume=7|pages=132–134|date=December 2016|pmid=27788414|doi=10.1016/j.jgar.2016.09.003}}</ref> Usoro mgbochi, dị ka iji ọgwụ nje dị warara na-eme ka usoro ịdị ọcha dịkwuo mma, bu n'obi ibelata mgbasa nke nguzogide.<ref name="Swedish">{{Cite book|title=Swedish work on containment of antibiotic resistance – Tools, methods and experiences|publisher=Public Health Agency of Sweden|year=2014|isbn=978-91-7603-011-0|url=http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/pagefiles/17351/Swedish-work-on-containment-of-antibiotic-resistance.pdf|location=Stockholm|pages=16–17, 121–128|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-ekwu na AMR bụ otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu ahụike ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmepe, na-eche na AMR nje na-akpata kpọmkwem maka ọnwụ ụwa 1.27 nde na 2019 ma nyere aka na ọnwụ 4.95 nde. Ibu AMR buru ibu, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise na-anwụ kwa afọ metụtara ọrịa na-eguzogide. Ọrịa sitere na microbes AMR na-esiwanye ike ịgwọ ma na-achọkarị usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ dị oke ọnụ nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị njọ karịa. Ọzọkwa, WHO na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ na-adọ aka ná ntị na AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ ihe ruru nde 10 kwa afọ ka ọ na-erule 2050 ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ihe. Atumatu zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị ka oku maka nkwekọrịta AMR mba ụwa, na-ekwusi ike na mbọ achikọtara ọnụ iji gbochie ojiji n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, nweta ego nyocha, na inye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ mgbochi dị mkpa na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Agbanyeghị, ọrịa COVID-19 butere akụrụngwa yana nlebara anya sayensị pụọ na AMR, na-eme ka ihe ịma aka ahụ ka njọ.<ref name="pmid33772597">{{Cite journal|title=Key considerations on the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance research and surveillance|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=115|issue=10|pages=1122–1129|date=March 2021|pmid=33772597|doi=10.1093/trstmh/trab048}}</ref> == Nkọwa == [[Faịlụ:WhatIsDrugResistance.gif|alt=Diagram showing difference between non-resistance bacteria and drug resistant bacteria|thumb|300x300px|Eserese na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria na-adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụba, na mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ gasịrị, nje bacteria na-anwụ. Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụbakwa, ma na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, nje bacteria na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Drug Resistance?|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|work=niaid.nih.gov|accessdate=26 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727153042/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|archivedate=27 July 2015}}</ref>]] Iguzogide antimicrobial pụtara na microorganism na-eguzogide ọgwụ antimicrobian nke nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa site na microorganisme ahụ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Mgbochi bụ ihe onwunwe nke nje, ọ bụghị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na-ebute nje.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|title=CDC: Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work|publisher=Cdc.gov|accessdate=12 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180658/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|archivedate=29 April 2015|date=29 May 2018}}</ref> Ụdị nje niile nwere ike ịzụlite iguzogide ọgwụ. Ya mere, e nwere ọgwụ nje, antifungal, antiviral na antiparasitic resistance.<ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref><ref name="Saha_2021">{{Cite journal|title=Review on Multiple Facets of Drug Resistance: A Rising Challenge in the 21st Century|journal=Journal of Xenobiotics|volume=11|issue=4|pages=197–214|date=December 2021|pmid=34940513|doi=10.3390/jox11040013}}</ref> Mgbochi nje bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide a nke a na-ahụkarị na nje bacteria ma si otú a kewaa ya n'ime ihe abụọ ọzọ, microbiological na clinical. Nguzogide nje bacteria bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma na-esi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke gbanwere ma ọ bụ nke e ketara eketa, nke na-enye nje bacteria ohere iguzogide usoro igbu nje bacteria ndị metụtara ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide ahụike na-egosi ọdịda nke ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ebe nje bacteria ndị na-adịkarị mfe ịnweta ọgwụgwọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ mgbe ha lanarịrị nsonaazụ nke ọgwụgwọ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ abụọ nke nguzogide enwetara, nje bacteria nwere ike ịgafe ihe mkpali mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka nguzogide site na nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ: njikọ, transduction, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe. Nke a na-enye ohere ka nguzogide gbasaa n'otu ụdị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ ọbụna nje bacteria yiri ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 October 2017|title=Antibiotic resistance|journal=Medicine|volume=45|issue=10|pages=622–628|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.07.006}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == Akụkọ WHO wepụtara n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014 kwuru, sị, "ihe iyi egwu a dị oke njọ abụghịzi amụma maka ọdịnihu, ọ na-eme ugbu a n'akụkụ ụwa niile ma nwee ike imetụta onye ọ bụla, n'afọ ọ bụla, na mba ọ bụla. Mgbochi ọgwụ nje—mgbe nje bacteria gbanwere ka ọgwụ nje ghara ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ndị chọrọ ka ha gwọọ ọrịa—bụzi ihe iyi egwu dị ukwuu nye ahụike ọha na eze ugbu a. " Kwa afọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise nwụrụ anwụ na AMR n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> Na 2019, ọnwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na AMR ruru nde 1.27 na 2019. N'otu afọ ahụ, AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nde mmadụ ise, otu n'ime mmadụ ise nwụrụ n'ihi AMR bụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise. <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}</ref> N'ime afọ 2018, WHO lere iguzogide ọgwụ nje anya dị ka otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu kachasị ukwuu nye ahụike ụwa, nchekwa nri na mmepe. <ref name="AR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance|title=Antibiotic resistance|work=who.int|accessdate=2020-03-16|archivedate=21 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521035847/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance}}</ref> Ọnwụ ndị sitere na AMR dịgasị iche iche site na mpaghara: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ebe !Ọnwụ maka 100,000 nke AMR <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMurrayIkutaShararaSwetschinski2022">Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Robles Aguilar G, Gray A, et&nbsp;al. (Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators) (February 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 "Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis"]. ''Lancet''. '''399''' (10325): <span class="nowrap">629–</span>655. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 8841637]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35065702 35065702]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246077406 246077406].</cite></ref> |- |Ebe Ugwu Africa na Middle East |11.2 |- |Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ọwụwa Anwụ Eshia, na Oceania |11.7 |- |Latin America na Caribbean |14.4 |- |Ebe etiti na Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe na Ebe etiti Eshia |17.6 |- |Ndịda Eshia |21.5 |- |Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka |23.7 |} Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mgbochi na Njikwa Ọrịa nke Europe mere atụmatụ na n'afọ 2015, e nwere ọrịa 671,689 na EU na Mpaghara Akụ na ụba Europe nke nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje kpatara, nke butere ọnwụ 33,110. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwetara n'ebe nlekọta ahụike. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis|journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|volume=19|issue=1|pages=56–66|date=January 2019|pmid=30409683|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for over 33,000 deaths in Europe in 2015, study finds|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=The Pharmaceutical Journal|date=7 November 2018|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155238/https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds}}</ref> Na 2019, e nwere ọnwụ 133,000 nke AMR kpatara. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO European region in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis|journal=The Lancet. Public Health|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e897–e913|date=November 2022|pmid=36244350|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00225-0}}</ref> == Echiche Ahụike Otu == A maara iguzogide nje bacteria (AMR) nke ọma dị ka otu okwu ahụike, na-egosipụta njikọ dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Mmepe nke iguzogide nje bacteria a jikọtara ọnụ ma na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ngalaba, gụnyere ọgwụ mmadụ, ọgwụ anụmanụ na ọrụ ugbo. Ya mere, ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa. <ref name="Salam 1946">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=Md. Abdus|date=2023-07-05|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/13/1946|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=11|issue=13|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|issn=2227-9032|pmid=37444780}}</ref> Ụdị ngalaba dị iche iche dị mkpa iji ghọta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na AMR nwere na ahụike mmadụ n'ụwa niile. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyekwa aka na ịnọgide na-enwe na mgbasa nke AMR, ebe ihe fọdụrụ na nje bacteria na ihe ndị na-eguzogide nje nwere ike ịbanye n'ala na sistemụ mmiri site na mmiri ọrụ ugbo, mwepụ mmiri mkpofu, na iwepụ ọgwụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-05-20|title=STAT!Ref|journal=Choice Reviews Online|volume=52|issue=10|pages=52–5379-52-5379|doi=10.5860/choice.189510|issn=0009-4978}}</ref> Ịgwọ mgbochi nje bacteria site na otu usoro ahụike dị mkpa maka ibelata mmetụta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ ya, akụ na ụba, na gburugburu ebe obibi. == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == AMR na-akpatakarị site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe gabiga ókè . <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who "Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO"]. ''[[World Health Organization]]''. 10 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Ha na-amụpụta ma na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, ha nwekwara ike imeghari gburugburu ebe obibi ha ma gbanwee otú ha ga-esi dị ndụ nke ọma. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|date=2025|title=Antimicrobial resistance: Causes.|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes}}</ref> Ma, n'otu oge ahụ, ọtụtụ mmadụ gburugburu ụwa enweghị ike ịnweta ọgwụ nje dị mkpa. <ref name="WHO10October2024" /> Nke a na-eduga na nje bacteria ma na-agbanwe ihe nchebe megide ọgwụ eji agwọ ha, ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ụdị nje bacteria ndị nwere ihe mgbochi ebumpụta ụwa megide ọgwụ nje na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị karịa ndị a na-emeri ngwa ngwa site na ọgwụ. Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwekwara ike ime, nke ga-ekwe ka nje bacteria ahụ dị ndụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe mgbochi nje na-eme n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa ka oge na-aga, ojiji nke ihe mgbochi nje n'ọtụtụ ebe ma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ma n'èzí emeela ka iguzogide nje na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> 8161frkais3xibxvdiatzzo4hj507ke 632369 632367 2026-05-09T07:25:03Z Bigcee007 24507 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349560866|Antimicrobial resistance]]" 632369 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_sensitivity_and_resistance.jpg|alt=Two petri dishes with antibiotic resistance tests|thumb|Nnwale iguzogide ọgwụ nje : A na-agbanye nje bacteria na ihe siri ike na efere Petri na diski akwụkwọ na-edobe n'elu, nke ọ bụla na-agbanye ọgwụ nje dị iche iche. Mgbanaka doro anya, dị ka ndị dị n'aka ekpe, na-egosi na nje bacteria etobeghị gburugburu diski, na-egosi na nje bacteria ndị a adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria ndị dị n'aka nri na-eguzogide nke ọma atọ n'ime asaa ma na-eguzogide ọgwụ abụọ n'ime ọgwụ nje asaa a nwalere ]] '''Mgbochi nje''' ( '''AMR''' ma ọ bụ '''AR''' ) na-eme mgbe nje bacteria na-agbanwe usoro ndị na-echebe ha pụọ na ọgwụ nje, nke bụ ọgwụ e ji agwọ ọrịa n'ime mmadụ, anụmanụ, na osisi. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=World Health Organization (WHO)|date=November 21, 2023|title=Antimicrobial resistance.|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Nje bacteria ọ bụla nwere ike inwe iguzogide, gụnyere nje bacteria ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje virus ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje bacteria (nguzogide '''nje''' ), na fungi ( '''nguzogide nje''' ). N'otu aka ahụ, mgbanwe ndị a na-adaba n'okpuru nche anwụ AMR, na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka nye ahụike n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na njikwa na-ezighi ezi bụ isi ihe na-akpata iguzogide a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwekwara ike ime n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mgbasa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eguzogide ọgwụ. <ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref> A na-akpọ nje bacteria ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche ọgwụ dị iche iche (MDR) ma a na-akpọkwa ha superbugs mgbe ụfọdụ. <ref name="Magiorakos">{{Cite journal|date=March 2012|title=Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=18|issue=3|pages=268–281|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x|pmid=21793988}}</ref> Mgbochi ọgwụ nje, obere mpaghara AMR, na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, na-akpaghasị njikwa ọrịa na nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Nguzogide na-ebilite site na ngbanwe na mberede, mbufe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, yana mmụba nke nhọrọ site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe, ma na ọgwụ na ọrụ ugbo, nke na-eme ka mmepe nguzogide dị ngwa ngwa.<ref name="MP">{{Cite journal|title=Global antibiotic resistance is mostly periodic|journal=Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance|volume=7|pages=132–134|date=December 2016|pmid=27788414|doi=10.1016/j.jgar.2016.09.003}}</ref> Usoro mgbochi, dị ka iji ọgwụ nje dị warara na-eme ka usoro ịdị ọcha dịkwuo mma, bu n'obi ibelata mgbasa nke nguzogide.<ref name="Swedish">{{Cite book|title=Swedish work on containment of antibiotic resistance – Tools, methods and experiences|publisher=Public Health Agency of Sweden|year=2014|isbn=978-91-7603-011-0|url=http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/pagefiles/17351/Swedish-work-on-containment-of-antibiotic-resistance.pdf|location=Stockholm|pages=16–17, 121–128|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-ekwu na AMR bụ otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu ahụike ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmepe, na-eche na AMR nje na-akpata kpọmkwem maka ọnwụ ụwa 1.27 nde na 2019 ma nyere aka na ọnwụ 4.95 nde. Ibu AMR buru ibu, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise na-anwụ kwa afọ metụtara ọrịa na-eguzogide. Ọrịa sitere na microbes AMR na-esiwanye ike ịgwọ ma na-achọkarị usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ dị oke ọnụ nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị njọ karịa. Ọzọkwa, WHO na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ na-adọ aka ná ntị na AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ ihe ruru nde 10 kwa afọ ka ọ na-erule 2050 ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ihe. Atumatu zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị ka oku maka nkwekọrịta AMR mba ụwa, na-ekwusi ike na mbọ achikọtara ọnụ iji gbochie ojiji n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, nweta ego nyocha, na inye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ mgbochi dị mkpa na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Agbanyeghị, ọrịa COVID-19 butere akụrụngwa yana nlebara anya sayensị pụọ na AMR, na-eme ka ihe ịma aka ahụ ka njọ.<ref name="pmid33772597">{{Cite journal|title=Key considerations on the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance research and surveillance|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=115|issue=10|pages=1122–1129|date=March 2021|pmid=33772597|doi=10.1093/trstmh/trab048}}</ref> == Nkọwa == [[Faịlụ:WhatIsDrugResistance.gif|alt=Diagram showing difference between non-resistance bacteria and drug resistant bacteria|thumb|300x300px|Eserese na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria na-adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụba, na mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ gasịrị, nje bacteria na-anwụ. Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụbakwa, ma na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, nje bacteria na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Drug Resistance?|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|work=niaid.nih.gov|accessdate=26 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727153042/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|archivedate=27 July 2015}}</ref>]] Iguzogide antimicrobial pụtara na microorganism na-eguzogide ọgwụ antimicrobian nke nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa site na microorganisme ahụ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Mgbochi bụ ihe onwunwe nke nje, ọ bụghị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na-ebute nje.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|title=CDC: Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work|publisher=Cdc.gov|accessdate=12 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180658/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|archivedate=29 April 2015|date=29 May 2018}}</ref> Ụdị nje niile nwere ike ịzụlite iguzogide ọgwụ. Ya mere, e nwere ọgwụ nje, antifungal, antiviral na antiparasitic resistance.<ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref><ref name="Saha_2021">{{Cite journal|title=Review on Multiple Facets of Drug Resistance: A Rising Challenge in the 21st Century|journal=Journal of Xenobiotics|volume=11|issue=4|pages=197–214|date=December 2021|pmid=34940513|doi=10.3390/jox11040013}}</ref> Mgbochi nje bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide a nke a na-ahụkarị na nje bacteria ma si otú a kewaa ya n'ime ihe abụọ ọzọ, microbiological na clinical. Nguzogide nje bacteria bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma na-esi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke gbanwere ma ọ bụ nke e ketara eketa, nke na-enye nje bacteria ohere iguzogide usoro igbu nje bacteria ndị metụtara ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide ahụike na-egosi ọdịda nke ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ebe nje bacteria ndị na-adịkarị mfe ịnweta ọgwụgwọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ mgbe ha lanarịrị nsonaazụ nke ọgwụgwọ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ abụọ nke nguzogide enwetara, nje bacteria nwere ike ịgafe ihe mkpali mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka nguzogide site na nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ: njikọ, transduction, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe. Nke a na-enye ohere ka nguzogide gbasaa n'otu ụdị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ ọbụna nje bacteria yiri ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 October 2017|title=Antibiotic resistance|journal=Medicine|volume=45|issue=10|pages=622–628|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.07.006}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == Akụkọ WHO wepụtara n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014 kwuru, sị, "ihe iyi egwu a dị oke njọ abụghịzi amụma maka ọdịnihu, ọ na-eme ugbu a n'akụkụ ụwa niile ma nwee ike imetụta onye ọ bụla, n'afọ ọ bụla, na mba ọ bụla. Mgbochi ọgwụ nje—mgbe nje bacteria gbanwere ka ọgwụ nje ghara ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ndị chọrọ ka ha gwọọ ọrịa—bụzi ihe iyi egwu dị ukwuu nye ahụike ọha na eze ugbu a. " Kwa afọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise nwụrụ anwụ na AMR n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> Na 2019, ọnwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na AMR ruru nde 1.27 na 2019. N'otu afọ ahụ, AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nde mmadụ ise, otu n'ime mmadụ ise nwụrụ n'ihi AMR bụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise. <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}</ref> N'ime afọ 2018, WHO lere iguzogide ọgwụ nje anya dị ka otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu kachasị ukwuu nye ahụike ụwa, nchekwa nri na mmepe. <ref name="AR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance|title=Antibiotic resistance|work=who.int|accessdate=2020-03-16|archivedate=21 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521035847/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance}}</ref> Ọnwụ ndị sitere na AMR dịgasị iche iche site na mpaghara: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ebe !Ọnwụ maka 100,000 nke AMR <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMurrayIkutaShararaSwetschinski2022">Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Robles Aguilar G, Gray A, et&nbsp;al. (Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators) (February 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 "Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis"]. ''Lancet''. '''399''' (10325): <span class="nowrap">629–</span>655. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 8841637]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35065702 35065702]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246077406 246077406].</cite></ref> |- |Ebe Ugwu Africa na Middle East |11.2 |- |Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ọwụwa Anwụ Eshia, na Oceania |11.7 |- |Latin America na Caribbean |14.4 |- |Ebe etiti na Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe na Ebe etiti Eshia |17.6 |- |Ndịda Eshia |21.5 |- |Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka |23.7 |} Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mgbochi na Njikwa Ọrịa nke Europe mere atụmatụ na n'afọ 2015, e nwere ọrịa 671,689 na EU na Mpaghara Akụ na ụba Europe nke nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje kpatara, nke butere ọnwụ 33,110. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwetara n'ebe nlekọta ahụike. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis|journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|volume=19|issue=1|pages=56–66|date=January 2019|pmid=30409683|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for over 33,000 deaths in Europe in 2015, study finds|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=The Pharmaceutical Journal|date=7 November 2018|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155238/https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds}}</ref> Na 2019, e nwere ọnwụ 133,000 nke AMR kpatara. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO European region in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis|journal=The Lancet. Public Health|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e897–e913|date=November 2022|pmid=36244350|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00225-0}}</ref> == Echiche Ahụike Otu == A maara iguzogide nje bacteria (AMR) nke ọma dị ka otu okwu ahụike, na-egosipụta njikọ dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Mmepe nke iguzogide nje bacteria a jikọtara ọnụ ma na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ngalaba, gụnyere ọgwụ mmadụ, ọgwụ anụmanụ na ọrụ ugbo. Ya mere, ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa. <ref name="Salam 1946">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=Md. Abdus|date=2023-07-05|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/13/1946|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=11|issue=13|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|issn=2227-9032|pmid=37444780}}</ref> Ụdị ngalaba dị iche iche dị mkpa iji ghọta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na AMR nwere na ahụike mmadụ n'ụwa niile. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyekwa aka na ịnọgide na-enwe na mgbasa nke AMR, ebe ihe fọdụrụ na nje bacteria na ihe ndị na-eguzogide nje nwere ike ịbanye n'ala na sistemụ mmiri site na mmiri ọrụ ugbo, mwepụ mmiri mkpofu, na iwepụ ọgwụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-05-20|title=STAT!Ref|journal=Choice Reviews Online|volume=52|issue=10|pages=52–5379-52-5379|doi=10.5860/choice.189510|issn=0009-4978}}</ref> Ịgwọ mgbochi nje bacteria site na otu usoro ahụike dị mkpa maka ibelata mmetụta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ ya, akụ na ụba, na gburugburu ebe obibi. == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == AMR na-akpatakarị site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe gabiga ókè . <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who "Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO"]. ''[[World Health Organization]]''. 10 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Ha na-amụpụta ma na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, ha nwekwara ike imeghari gburugburu ebe obibi ha ma gbanwee otú ha ga-esi dị ndụ nke ọma. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|date=2025|title=Antimicrobial resistance: Causes.|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes}}</ref> Ma, n'otu oge ahụ, ọtụtụ mmadụ gburugburu ụwa enweghị ike ịnweta ọgwụ nje dị mkpa. <ref name="WHO10October2024" /> Nke a na-eduga na nje bacteria ma na-agbanwe ihe nchebe megide ọgwụ eji agwọ ha, ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ụdị nje bacteria ndị nwere ihe mgbochi ebumpụta ụwa megide ọgwụ nje na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị karịa ndị a na-emeri ngwa ngwa site na ọgwụ. Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwekwara ike ime, nke ga-ekwe ka nje bacteria ahụ dị ndụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe mgbochi nje na-eme n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa ka oge na-aga, ojiji nke ihe mgbochi nje n'ọtụtụ ebe ma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ma n'èzí emeela ka iguzogide nje na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-enwe ike iguzogide ọgwụ nje ka oge na-aga site na mgbanwe eke, ịkọ ọgwụ nje gabigara ókè na ọgwụ nje na-ekwesịghị ekwesị emeela ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ. N'oge mgbanwe, mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, mgbanwe ndị a na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ikpughe. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] O kwere omume na ihe dị ka 1 n'ime ọgwụ atọ e dere maka ọgwụ nje adịghị mkpa. <ref name="CDC_2016">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-01|title=CDC Newsroom|url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html|accessdate=2023-02-28|work=CDC|archivedate=9 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309053532/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html}}</ref> Kwa afọ, a na-ede ihe dị ka nde 154 ọgwụ nje. N'ime ndị a, ihe ruru nde 46 adịghị mkpa ma ọ bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ọnọdụ onye ọrịa nwere. <ref name="CDC_2016" /> Microbes nwere ike ịmalite iguzogide site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eme n'oge nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ, ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe ndị a na-enweghị usoro dị ụkọ, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-amụpụta ugboro ugboro na ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ohere nke ndị bi na ya nweta mgbanwe nke na-eme ka iguzogide dịkwuo elu. <ref name="Michael_2014">{{Cite journal|title=The antimicrobial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|volume=2|date=2014|pmid=25279369|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00145}}</ref> N'adịghị ka nke ahụ, nnyocha na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na, n'adịghị ka ụdị ọdịnala nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ngwa ngwa, mycobacteria na-anọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike dị elu n'okpuru nrụgide ọgwụ nje, na-adabere na nnabata phenotypic na usoro ndozi DNA maka ndụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Genetic stability of Mycobacterium smegmatis under the stress of first-line antitubercular agents|journal=eLife|date=Nov 20, 2024|volume=13|issue=RP96695|doi=10.7554/eLife.96695.3|pmid=39565350|url=https://elifesciences.org/articles/96695}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Assessing the Impact of Bedaquiline, Clofazimine, and Linezolid on Mycobacterial Genome Integrity|journal=Biomolecules|date=15 November 2024|volume=14|issue=1451|doi=10.3390/biom14111451|pmid=39595627|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1451}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-akwụsị ịṅụ ọgwụ nje mgbe ha malitere inwe mmetụta dị mma. Mgbe nke a mere, o kwere omume na nje ndị na-adịghị mfe ọgwụgwọ ka na-anọgide n'ime ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na nje ndị a enwee ike ịnọgide na-amụ nwa, nke a nwere ike ibute ọrịa site na nje bacteria ndị na-adịghị mfe ịnweta ma ọ bụ ọbụna iguzogide ọgwụ nje. <ref name="Michael_2014" /> Ụmụ nje nwekwara ike ịnweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa site n'aka ibe ha, nke na-eme ka ha ghara iguzogide ọgwụ. Bakteria ndị nwere DNA na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-ebufekarị otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị a na nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. Ha nwere ike ịmụba ma too nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|title=Archived copy|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.|date=2022|title=What causes antimicrobial resistance?|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> Usoro a, nke a maara dị ka nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'etiti ụdị nje bacteria dị iche iche site na usoro dị ka njikọ, mgbanwe, na transduction. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Michaelis|first=Claudia|date=2023-02-04|title=Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms|journal=Antibiotics|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.3390/antibiotics12020328|issn=2079-6382|pmid=36830238}}</ref> Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje site n'ịgbanwe onwe ha ma ọ bụ inweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iguzogide nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. N'ime afọ 20 gara aga, iguzogide nje (AMR) etoola, na-eme ka ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ọrịa iku ume, ọrịa urinary tract, STDs, na ụkwara nta sie ike ịgwọ. A naghị emepụta ọgwụ nje ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị emee ihe ọ bụla, anyị nwere ike ịbanye "oge mgbe ọgwụ nje gasịrị" ebe a na-apụghị ịgwọ ụfọdụ ọrịa. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}</ref> AMR na-eme ka ọrịa sikwuo ike ma dị oke ọnụ iji gwọọ. Ojiji ọgwụ nje kwesịrị ekwesị—ọgwụ ziri ezi, dose, na oge ọ ga-ewe—na ịdị ọcha siri ike n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị mkpa. Ịlụso AMR ọgụ chọrọ mmekorita n'etiti gọọmentị, ndị ọrụ ahụike, ndị nchọpụta, ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo, na ọha na eze site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, nlekota iguzogide, igbochi ọgwụ nje n'ime anụmanụ, na imeziwanye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ, ọgwụ mgbochi, na ule. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> Mgbochi bụ usoro kachasị dị irè. Tinyere iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, ọ dị mkpa maka ọgwụ ọhụrụ, ọgwụgwọ ọzọ, nchọpụta ka mma, na ọgwụ mgbochi. Ọ bụrụ na a naghị eme ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma, usoro ọgwụgwọ dị mkpa dịka ịwa ahụ, mgbanwe akụkụ ahụ, nlekọta ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ, na ọgwụgwọ kansa nwere ike ịnọ n'ihe ize ndụ. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> === Ihe ndị sitere n'okike === [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_Resistance_Spread.jpg|thumb|Ihe omuma CDC banyere otu ihe mgbochi nje si eme ma gbasaa]] AMR bụ usoro ebumpụta ụwa. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/ "About Antimicrobial Resistance"]. ''US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]''. 22 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbochi nje nwere ike ịmalite n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa n'ihi na ọ na-aga n'ihu na-enweta ọgwụ nje. Nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa pụtara na ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ike imeghari na gburugburu ha, dị ndụ, ma nọgide na-amụ ụmụ. <ref name="NS">{{Cite web|url=https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25|title=Natural selection|work=evolution.berkeley.edu|accessdate=2020-03-10|archivedate=30 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030201404/https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ụdị nje ndị na-adị ndụ ka oge na-aga site n'aka ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje ga-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-enweghị mgbochi a ga-aghọkwa ndị na-adịghịzi arụ ọrụ. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHolmesMooreSundsfjordSteinbakk2016">Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, et&nbsp;al. (January 2016). [http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx "Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance"]. ''Lancet''. '''387''' (10014): <span class="nowrap">176–</span>87. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:10044/1/32225|10044/1/32225]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26603922 26603922]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1944665 1944665]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220414151453/http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx Archived] from the original on 14 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dli1m5j00gy1snr5mwwq9tk1gtpkug0 632371 632369 2026-05-09T07:35:08Z Bigcee007 24507 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349560866|Antimicrobial resistance]]" 632371 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_sensitivity_and_resistance.jpg|alt=Two petri dishes with antibiotic resistance tests|thumb|Nnwale iguzogide ọgwụ nje : A na-agbanye nje bacteria na ihe siri ike na efere Petri na diski akwụkwọ na-edobe n'elu, nke ọ bụla na-agbanye ọgwụ nje dị iche iche. Mgbanaka doro anya, dị ka ndị dị n'aka ekpe, na-egosi na nje bacteria etobeghị gburugburu diski, na-egosi na nje bacteria ndị a adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria ndị dị n'aka nri na-eguzogide nke ọma atọ n'ime asaa ma na-eguzogide ọgwụ abụọ n'ime ọgwụ nje asaa a nwalere ]] '''Mgbochi nje''' ( '''AMR''' ma ọ bụ '''AR''' ) na-eme mgbe nje bacteria na-agbanwe usoro ndị na-echebe ha pụọ na ọgwụ nje, nke bụ ọgwụ e ji agwọ ọrịa n'ime mmadụ, anụmanụ, na osisi. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=World Health Organization (WHO)|date=November 21, 2023|title=Antimicrobial resistance.|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Nje bacteria ọ bụla nwere ike inwe iguzogide, gụnyere nje bacteria ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje virus ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje bacteria (nguzogide '''nje''' ), na fungi ( '''nguzogide nje''' ). N'otu aka ahụ, mgbanwe ndị a na-adaba n'okpuru nche anwụ AMR, na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka nye ahụike n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na njikwa na-ezighi ezi bụ isi ihe na-akpata iguzogide a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwekwara ike ime n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mgbasa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eguzogide ọgwụ. <ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref> A na-akpọ nje bacteria ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche ọgwụ dị iche iche (MDR) ma a na-akpọkwa ha superbugs mgbe ụfọdụ. <ref name="Magiorakos">{{Cite journal|date=March 2012|title=Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=18|issue=3|pages=268–281|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x|pmid=21793988}}</ref> Mgbochi ọgwụ nje, obere mpaghara AMR, na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, na-akpaghasị njikwa ọrịa na nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Nguzogide na-ebilite site na ngbanwe na mberede, mbufe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, yana mmụba nke nhọrọ site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe, ma na ọgwụ na ọrụ ugbo, nke na-eme ka mmepe nguzogide dị ngwa ngwa.<ref name="MP">{{Cite journal|title=Global antibiotic resistance is mostly periodic|journal=Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance|volume=7|pages=132–134|date=December 2016|pmid=27788414|doi=10.1016/j.jgar.2016.09.003}}</ref> Usoro mgbochi, dị ka iji ọgwụ nje dị warara na-eme ka usoro ịdị ọcha dịkwuo mma, bu n'obi ibelata mgbasa nke nguzogide.<ref name="Swedish">{{Cite book|title=Swedish work on containment of antibiotic resistance – Tools, methods and experiences|publisher=Public Health Agency of Sweden|year=2014|isbn=978-91-7603-011-0|url=http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/pagefiles/17351/Swedish-work-on-containment-of-antibiotic-resistance.pdf|location=Stockholm|pages=16–17, 121–128|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-ekwu na AMR bụ otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu ahụike ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmepe, na-eche na AMR nje na-akpata kpọmkwem maka ọnwụ ụwa 1.27 nde na 2019 ma nyere aka na ọnwụ 4.95 nde. Ibu AMR buru ibu, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise na-anwụ kwa afọ metụtara ọrịa na-eguzogide. Ọrịa sitere na microbes AMR na-esiwanye ike ịgwọ ma na-achọkarị usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ dị oke ọnụ nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị njọ karịa. Ọzọkwa, WHO na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ na-adọ aka ná ntị na AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ ihe ruru nde 10 kwa afọ ka ọ na-erule 2050 ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ihe. Atumatu zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị ka oku maka nkwekọrịta AMR mba ụwa, na-ekwusi ike na mbọ achikọtara ọnụ iji gbochie ojiji n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, nweta ego nyocha, na inye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ mgbochi dị mkpa na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Agbanyeghị, ọrịa COVID-19 butere akụrụngwa yana nlebara anya sayensị pụọ na AMR, na-eme ka ihe ịma aka ahụ ka njọ.<ref name="pmid33772597">{{Cite journal|title=Key considerations on the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance research and surveillance|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=115|issue=10|pages=1122–1129|date=March 2021|pmid=33772597|doi=10.1093/trstmh/trab048}}</ref> == Nkọwa == [[Faịlụ:WhatIsDrugResistance.gif|alt=Diagram showing difference between non-resistance bacteria and drug resistant bacteria|thumb|300x300px|Eserese na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria na-adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụba, na mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ gasịrị, nje bacteria na-anwụ. Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụbakwa, ma na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, nje bacteria na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Drug Resistance?|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|work=niaid.nih.gov|accessdate=26 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727153042/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|archivedate=27 July 2015}}</ref>]] Iguzogide antimicrobial pụtara na microorganism na-eguzogide ọgwụ antimicrobian nke nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa site na microorganisme ahụ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Mgbochi bụ ihe onwunwe nke nje, ọ bụghị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na-ebute nje.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|title=CDC: Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work|publisher=Cdc.gov|accessdate=12 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180658/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|archivedate=29 April 2015|date=29 May 2018}}</ref> Ụdị nje niile nwere ike ịzụlite iguzogide ọgwụ. Ya mere, e nwere ọgwụ nje, antifungal, antiviral na antiparasitic resistance.<ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref><ref name="Saha_2021">{{Cite journal|title=Review on Multiple Facets of Drug Resistance: A Rising Challenge in the 21st Century|journal=Journal of Xenobiotics|volume=11|issue=4|pages=197–214|date=December 2021|pmid=34940513|doi=10.3390/jox11040013}}</ref> Mgbochi nje bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide a nke a na-ahụkarị na nje bacteria ma si otú a kewaa ya n'ime ihe abụọ ọzọ, microbiological na clinical. Nguzogide nje bacteria bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma na-esi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke gbanwere ma ọ bụ nke e ketara eketa, nke na-enye nje bacteria ohere iguzogide usoro igbu nje bacteria ndị metụtara ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide ahụike na-egosi ọdịda nke ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ebe nje bacteria ndị na-adịkarị mfe ịnweta ọgwụgwọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ mgbe ha lanarịrị nsonaazụ nke ọgwụgwọ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ abụọ nke nguzogide enwetara, nje bacteria nwere ike ịgafe ihe mkpali mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka nguzogide site na nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ: njikọ, transduction, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe. Nke a na-enye ohere ka nguzogide gbasaa n'otu ụdị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ ọbụna nje bacteria yiri ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 October 2017|title=Antibiotic resistance|journal=Medicine|volume=45|issue=10|pages=622–628|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.07.006}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == Akụkọ WHO wepụtara n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014 kwuru, sị, "ihe iyi egwu a dị oke njọ abụghịzi amụma maka ọdịnihu, ọ na-eme ugbu a n'akụkụ ụwa niile ma nwee ike imetụta onye ọ bụla, n'afọ ọ bụla, na mba ọ bụla. Mgbochi ọgwụ nje—mgbe nje bacteria gbanwere ka ọgwụ nje ghara ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ndị chọrọ ka ha gwọọ ọrịa—bụzi ihe iyi egwu dị ukwuu nye ahụike ọha na eze ugbu a. " Kwa afọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise nwụrụ anwụ na AMR n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> Na 2019, ọnwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na AMR ruru nde 1.27 na 2019. N'otu afọ ahụ, AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nde mmadụ ise, otu n'ime mmadụ ise nwụrụ n'ihi AMR bụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise. <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}</ref> N'ime afọ 2018, WHO lere iguzogide ọgwụ nje anya dị ka otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu kachasị ukwuu nye ahụike ụwa, nchekwa nri na mmepe. <ref name="AR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance|title=Antibiotic resistance|work=who.int|accessdate=2020-03-16|archivedate=21 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521035847/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance}}</ref> Ọnwụ ndị sitere na AMR dịgasị iche iche site na mpaghara: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ebe !Ọnwụ maka 100,000 nke AMR <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMurrayIkutaShararaSwetschinski2022">Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Robles Aguilar G, Gray A, et&nbsp;al. (Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators) (February 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 "Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis"]. ''Lancet''. '''399''' (10325): <span class="nowrap">629–</span>655. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 8841637]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35065702 35065702]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246077406 246077406].</cite></ref> |- |Ebe Ugwu Africa na Middle East |11.2 |- |Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ọwụwa Anwụ Eshia, na Oceania |11.7 |- |Latin America na Caribbean |14.4 |- |Ebe etiti na Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe na Ebe etiti Eshia |17.6 |- |Ndịda Eshia |21.5 |- |Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka |23.7 |} Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mgbochi na Njikwa Ọrịa nke Europe mere atụmatụ na n'afọ 2015, e nwere ọrịa 671,689 na EU na Mpaghara Akụ na ụba Europe nke nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje kpatara, nke butere ọnwụ 33,110. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwetara n'ebe nlekọta ahụike. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis|journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|volume=19|issue=1|pages=56–66|date=January 2019|pmid=30409683|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for over 33,000 deaths in Europe in 2015, study finds|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=The Pharmaceutical Journal|date=7 November 2018|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155238/https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds}}</ref> Na 2019, e nwere ọnwụ 133,000 nke AMR kpatara. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO European region in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis|journal=The Lancet. Public Health|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e897–e913|date=November 2022|pmid=36244350|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00225-0}}</ref> == Echiche Ahụike Otu == A maara iguzogide nje bacteria (AMR) nke ọma dị ka otu okwu ahụike, na-egosipụta njikọ dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Mmepe nke iguzogide nje bacteria a jikọtara ọnụ ma na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ngalaba, gụnyere ọgwụ mmadụ, ọgwụ anụmanụ na ọrụ ugbo. Ya mere, ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa. <ref name="Salam 1946">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=Md. Abdus|date=2023-07-05|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/13/1946|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=11|issue=13|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|issn=2227-9032|pmid=37444780}}</ref> Ụdị ngalaba dị iche iche dị mkpa iji ghọta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na AMR nwere na ahụike mmadụ n'ụwa niile. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyekwa aka na ịnọgide na-enwe na mgbasa nke AMR, ebe ihe fọdụrụ na nje bacteria na ihe ndị na-eguzogide nje nwere ike ịbanye n'ala na sistemụ mmiri site na mmiri ọrụ ugbo, mwepụ mmiri mkpofu, na iwepụ ọgwụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-05-20|title=STAT!Ref|journal=Choice Reviews Online|volume=52|issue=10|pages=52–5379-52-5379|doi=10.5860/choice.189510|issn=0009-4978}}</ref> Ịgwọ mgbochi nje bacteria site na otu usoro ahụike dị mkpa maka ibelata mmetụta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ ya, akụ na ụba, na gburugburu ebe obibi. == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == AMR na-akpatakarị site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe gabiga ókè . <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who "Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO"]. ''[[World Health Organization]]''. 10 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Ha na-amụpụta ma na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, ha nwekwara ike imeghari gburugburu ebe obibi ha ma gbanwee otú ha ga-esi dị ndụ nke ọma. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|date=2025|title=Antimicrobial resistance: Causes.|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes}}</ref> Ma, n'otu oge ahụ, ọtụtụ mmadụ gburugburu ụwa enweghị ike ịnweta ọgwụ nje dị mkpa. <ref name="WHO10October2024" /> Nke a na-eduga na nje bacteria ma na-agbanwe ihe nchebe megide ọgwụ eji agwọ ha, ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ụdị nje bacteria ndị nwere ihe mgbochi ebumpụta ụwa megide ọgwụ nje na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị karịa ndị a na-emeri ngwa ngwa site na ọgwụ. Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwekwara ike ime, nke ga-ekwe ka nje bacteria ahụ dị ndụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe mgbochi nje na-eme n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa ka oge na-aga, ojiji nke ihe mgbochi nje n'ọtụtụ ebe ma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ma n'èzí emeela ka iguzogide nje na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-enwe ike iguzogide ọgwụ nje ka oge na-aga site na mgbanwe eke, ịkọ ọgwụ nje gabigara ókè na ọgwụ nje na-ekwesịghị ekwesị emeela ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ. N'oge mgbanwe, mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, mgbanwe ndị a na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ikpughe. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] O kwere omume na ihe dị ka 1 n'ime ọgwụ atọ e dere maka ọgwụ nje adịghị mkpa. <ref name="CDC_2016">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-01|title=CDC Newsroom|url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html|accessdate=2023-02-28|work=CDC|archivedate=9 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309053532/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html}}</ref> Kwa afọ, a na-ede ihe dị ka nde 154 ọgwụ nje. N'ime ndị a, ihe ruru nde 46 adịghị mkpa ma ọ bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ọnọdụ onye ọrịa nwere. <ref name="CDC_2016" /> Microbes nwere ike ịmalite iguzogide site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eme n'oge nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ, ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe ndị a na-enweghị usoro dị ụkọ, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-amụpụta ugboro ugboro na ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ohere nke ndị bi na ya nweta mgbanwe nke na-eme ka iguzogide dịkwuo elu. <ref name="Michael_2014">{{Cite journal|title=The antimicrobial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|volume=2|date=2014|pmid=25279369|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00145}}</ref> N'adịghị ka nke ahụ, nnyocha na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na, n'adịghị ka ụdị ọdịnala nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ngwa ngwa, mycobacteria na-anọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike dị elu n'okpuru nrụgide ọgwụ nje, na-adabere na nnabata phenotypic na usoro ndozi DNA maka ndụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Genetic stability of Mycobacterium smegmatis under the stress of first-line antitubercular agents|journal=eLife|date=Nov 20, 2024|volume=13|issue=RP96695|doi=10.7554/eLife.96695.3|pmid=39565350|url=https://elifesciences.org/articles/96695}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Assessing the Impact of Bedaquiline, Clofazimine, and Linezolid on Mycobacterial Genome Integrity|journal=Biomolecules|date=15 November 2024|volume=14|issue=1451|doi=10.3390/biom14111451|pmid=39595627|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1451}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-akwụsị ịṅụ ọgwụ nje mgbe ha malitere inwe mmetụta dị mma. Mgbe nke a mere, o kwere omume na nje ndị na-adịghị mfe ọgwụgwọ ka na-anọgide n'ime ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na nje ndị a enwee ike ịnọgide na-amụ nwa, nke a nwere ike ibute ọrịa site na nje bacteria ndị na-adịghị mfe ịnweta ma ọ bụ ọbụna iguzogide ọgwụ nje. <ref name="Michael_2014" /> Ụmụ nje nwekwara ike ịnweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa site n'aka ibe ha, nke na-eme ka ha ghara iguzogide ọgwụ. Bakteria ndị nwere DNA na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-ebufekarị otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị a na nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. Ha nwere ike ịmụba ma too nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|title=Archived copy|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.|date=2022|title=What causes antimicrobial resistance?|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> Usoro a, nke a maara dị ka nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'etiti ụdị nje bacteria dị iche iche site na usoro dị ka njikọ, mgbanwe, na transduction. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Michaelis|first=Claudia|date=2023-02-04|title=Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms|journal=Antibiotics|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.3390/antibiotics12020328|issn=2079-6382|pmid=36830238}}</ref> Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje site n'ịgbanwe onwe ha ma ọ bụ inweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iguzogide nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. N'ime afọ 20 gara aga, iguzogide nje (AMR) etoola, na-eme ka ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ọrịa iku ume, ọrịa urinary tract, STDs, na ụkwara nta sie ike ịgwọ. A naghị emepụta ọgwụ nje ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị emee ihe ọ bụla, anyị nwere ike ịbanye "oge mgbe ọgwụ nje gasịrị" ebe a na-apụghị ịgwọ ụfọdụ ọrịa. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}</ref> AMR na-eme ka ọrịa sikwuo ike ma dị oke ọnụ iji gwọọ. Ojiji ọgwụ nje kwesịrị ekwesị—ọgwụ ziri ezi, dose, na oge ọ ga-ewe—na ịdị ọcha siri ike n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị mkpa. Ịlụso AMR ọgụ chọrọ mmekorita n'etiti gọọmentị, ndị ọrụ ahụike, ndị nchọpụta, ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo, na ọha na eze site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, nlekota iguzogide, igbochi ọgwụ nje n'ime anụmanụ, na imeziwanye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ, ọgwụ mgbochi, na ule. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> Mgbochi bụ usoro kachasị dị irè. Tinyere iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, ọ dị mkpa maka ọgwụ ọhụrụ, ọgwụgwọ ọzọ, nchọpụta ka mma, na ọgwụ mgbochi. Ọ bụrụ na a naghị eme ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma, usoro ọgwụgwọ dị mkpa dịka ịwa ahụ, mgbanwe akụkụ ahụ, nlekọta ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ, na ọgwụgwọ kansa nwere ike ịnọ n'ihe ize ndụ. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> === Ihe ndị sitere n'okike === [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_Resistance_Spread.jpg|thumb|Ihe omuma CDC banyere otu ihe mgbochi nje si eme ma gbasaa]] AMR bụ usoro ebumpụta ụwa. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/ "About Antimicrobial Resistance"]. ''US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]''. 22 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbochi nje nwere ike ịmalite n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa n'ihi na ọ na-aga n'ihu na-enweta ọgwụ nje. Nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa pụtara na ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ike imeghari na gburugburu ha, dị ndụ, ma nọgide na-amụ ụmụ. <ref name="NS">{{Cite web|url=https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25|title=Natural selection|work=evolution.berkeley.edu|accessdate=2020-03-10|archivedate=30 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030201404/https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ụdị nje ndị na-adị ndụ ka oge na-aga site n'aka ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje ga-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-enweghị mgbochi a ga-aghọkwa ndị na-adịghịzi arụ ọrụ. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHolmesMooreSundsfjordSteinbakk2016">Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, et&nbsp;al. (January 2016). [http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx "Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance"]. ''Lancet''. '''387''' (10014): <span class="nowrap">176–</span>87. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:10044/1/32225|10044/1/32225]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26603922 26603922]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1944665 1944665]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220414151453/http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx Archived] from the original on 14 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ụfọdụ ọgwụ mgbochi nje nke oge a agbanweela n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa tupu e jiri ọgwụ nje ndị mmadụ na-eji eme ihe n'ụlọọgwụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ mgbochi methicillin gbanwere dị ka ọgwụ nje nke hedgehogs, ikekwe dị ka mgbanwe nke nje ahụ na hedgehogs nke dermatophyte nke na-emepụta ọgwụ nje na-ebute. <ref name="MR">{{Cite journal|title=Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics|journal=Nature|volume=602|issue=7895|pages=135–141|date=February 2022|pmid=34987223|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04265-w}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ero na nje bacteria dị n'ala bụ ndị na-asọmpi n'okike, penisilini ọgwụ nje mbụ nke Alexander Fleming chọpụtara furu efu ngwa ngwa n'ịgwọ ụmụ mmadụ, nakwa na ọ dịghị penisilini ndị ọzọ e kere eke (F, K, N, X, O, U1 ma ọ bụ U6) a na-eji ugbu a n'ụlọ ọgwụ. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">achọrọ ntụaka</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Enwere ike inweta nguzogide nje site na nje ndị ọzọ site na ịgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'usoro a na-akpọ nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ. Nke a pụtara na ozugbo mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje pụtara n'ime obodo nje, ọ nwere ike gbasaa gaa na nje ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ahụ, nke nwere ike isi na nje ndị na-abụghị ọrịa pụta gaa na nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa. Usoro a na-akwalite nke ukwuu site na usoro nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa nke na-eme n'oge ojiji ọgwụ nje ma ọ bụ iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome|journal=Gut Microbes|volume=14|issue=1|date=2022-12-31|pmid=35332832|doi=10.1080/19490976.2022.2055944}}</ref> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] das9dhedztjwrsf1spn0qx3a0zi4440 632372 632371 2026-05-09T07:36:58Z Bigcee007 24507 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349560866|Antimicrobial resistance]]" 632372 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_sensitivity_and_resistance.jpg|alt=Two petri dishes with antibiotic resistance tests|thumb|Nnwale iguzogide ọgwụ nje : A na-agbanye nje bacteria na ihe siri ike na efere Petri na diski akwụkwọ na-edobe n'elu, nke ọ bụla na-agbanye ọgwụ nje dị iche iche. Mgbanaka doro anya, dị ka ndị dị n'aka ekpe, na-egosi na nje bacteria etobeghị gburugburu diski, na-egosi na nje bacteria ndị a adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria ndị dị n'aka nri na-eguzogide nke ọma atọ n'ime asaa ma na-eguzogide ọgwụ abụọ n'ime ọgwụ nje asaa a nwalere ]] '''Mgbochi nje''' ( '''AMR''' ma ọ bụ '''AR''' ) na-eme mgbe nje bacteria na-agbanwe usoro ndị na-echebe ha pụọ na ọgwụ nje, nke bụ ọgwụ e ji agwọ ọrịa n'ime mmadụ, anụmanụ, na osisi. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=World Health Organization (WHO)|date=November 21, 2023|title=Antimicrobial resistance.|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Nje bacteria ọ bụla nwere ike inwe iguzogide, gụnyere nje bacteria ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje virus ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje bacteria (nguzogide '''nje''' ), na fungi ( '''nguzogide nje''' ). N'otu aka ahụ, mgbanwe ndị a na-adaba n'okpuru nche anwụ AMR, na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka nye ahụike n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na njikwa na-ezighi ezi bụ isi ihe na-akpata iguzogide a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwekwara ike ime n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mgbasa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eguzogide ọgwụ. <ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref> A na-akpọ nje bacteria ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche ọgwụ dị iche iche (MDR) ma a na-akpọkwa ha superbugs mgbe ụfọdụ. <ref name="Magiorakos">{{Cite journal|date=March 2012|title=Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=18|issue=3|pages=268–281|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x|pmid=21793988}}</ref> Mgbochi ọgwụ nje, obere mpaghara AMR, na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, na-akpaghasị njikwa ọrịa na nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Nguzogide na-ebilite site na ngbanwe na mberede, mbufe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, yana mmụba nke nhọrọ site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe, ma na ọgwụ na ọrụ ugbo, nke na-eme ka mmepe nguzogide dị ngwa ngwa.<ref name="MP">{{Cite journal|title=Global antibiotic resistance is mostly periodic|journal=Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance|volume=7|pages=132–134|date=December 2016|pmid=27788414|doi=10.1016/j.jgar.2016.09.003}}</ref> Usoro mgbochi, dị ka iji ọgwụ nje dị warara na-eme ka usoro ịdị ọcha dịkwuo mma, bu n'obi ibelata mgbasa nke nguzogide.<ref name="Swedish">{{Cite book|title=Swedish work on containment of antibiotic resistance – Tools, methods and experiences|publisher=Public Health Agency of Sweden|year=2014|isbn=978-91-7603-011-0|url=http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/pagefiles/17351/Swedish-work-on-containment-of-antibiotic-resistance.pdf|location=Stockholm|pages=16–17, 121–128|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-ekwu na AMR bụ otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu ahụike ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmepe, na-eche na AMR nje na-akpata kpọmkwem maka ọnwụ ụwa 1.27 nde na 2019 ma nyere aka na ọnwụ 4.95 nde. Ibu AMR buru ibu, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise na-anwụ kwa afọ metụtara ọrịa na-eguzogide. Ọrịa sitere na microbes AMR na-esiwanye ike ịgwọ ma na-achọkarị usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ dị oke ọnụ nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị njọ karịa. Ọzọkwa, WHO na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ na-adọ aka ná ntị na AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ ihe ruru nde 10 kwa afọ ka ọ na-erule 2050 ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ihe. Atumatu zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị ka oku maka nkwekọrịta AMR mba ụwa, na-ekwusi ike na mbọ achikọtara ọnụ iji gbochie ojiji n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, nweta ego nyocha, na inye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ mgbochi dị mkpa na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Agbanyeghị, ọrịa COVID-19 butere akụrụngwa yana nlebara anya sayensị pụọ na AMR, na-eme ka ihe ịma aka ahụ ka njọ.<ref name="pmid33772597">{{Cite journal|title=Key considerations on the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance research and surveillance|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=115|issue=10|pages=1122–1129|date=March 2021|pmid=33772597|doi=10.1093/trstmh/trab048}}</ref> == Nkọwa == [[Faịlụ:WhatIsDrugResistance.gif|alt=Diagram showing difference between non-resistance bacteria and drug resistant bacteria|thumb|300x300px|Eserese na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria na-adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụba, na mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ gasịrị, nje bacteria na-anwụ. Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụbakwa, ma na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, nje bacteria na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Drug Resistance?|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|work=niaid.nih.gov|accessdate=26 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727153042/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|archivedate=27 July 2015}}</ref>]] Iguzogide antimicrobial pụtara na microorganism na-eguzogide ọgwụ antimicrobian nke nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa site na microorganisme ahụ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Mgbochi bụ ihe onwunwe nke nje, ọ bụghị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na-ebute nje.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|title=CDC: Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work|publisher=Cdc.gov|accessdate=12 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180658/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|archivedate=29 April 2015|date=29 May 2018}}</ref> Ụdị nje niile nwere ike ịzụlite iguzogide ọgwụ. Ya mere, e nwere ọgwụ nje, antifungal, antiviral na antiparasitic resistance.<ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref><ref name="Saha_2021">{{Cite journal|title=Review on Multiple Facets of Drug Resistance: A Rising Challenge in the 21st Century|journal=Journal of Xenobiotics|volume=11|issue=4|pages=197–214|date=December 2021|pmid=34940513|doi=10.3390/jox11040013}}</ref> Mgbochi nje bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide a nke a na-ahụkarị na nje bacteria ma si otú a kewaa ya n'ime ihe abụọ ọzọ, microbiological na clinical. Nguzogide nje bacteria bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma na-esi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke gbanwere ma ọ bụ nke e ketara eketa, nke na-enye nje bacteria ohere iguzogide usoro igbu nje bacteria ndị metụtara ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide ahụike na-egosi ọdịda nke ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ebe nje bacteria ndị na-adịkarị mfe ịnweta ọgwụgwọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ mgbe ha lanarịrị nsonaazụ nke ọgwụgwọ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ abụọ nke nguzogide enwetara, nje bacteria nwere ike ịgafe ihe mkpali mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka nguzogide site na nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ: njikọ, transduction, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe. Nke a na-enye ohere ka nguzogide gbasaa n'otu ụdị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ ọbụna nje bacteria yiri ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 October 2017|title=Antibiotic resistance|journal=Medicine|volume=45|issue=10|pages=622–628|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.07.006}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == Akụkọ WHO wepụtara n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014 kwuru, sị, "ihe iyi egwu a dị oke njọ abụghịzi amụma maka ọdịnihu, ọ na-eme ugbu a n'akụkụ ụwa niile ma nwee ike imetụta onye ọ bụla, n'afọ ọ bụla, na mba ọ bụla. Mgbochi ọgwụ nje—mgbe nje bacteria gbanwere ka ọgwụ nje ghara ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ndị chọrọ ka ha gwọọ ọrịa—bụzi ihe iyi egwu dị ukwuu nye ahụike ọha na eze ugbu a. " Kwa afọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise nwụrụ anwụ na AMR n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> Na 2019, ọnwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na AMR ruru nde 1.27 na 2019. N'otu afọ ahụ, AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nde mmadụ ise, otu n'ime mmadụ ise nwụrụ n'ihi AMR bụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise. <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}</ref> N'ime afọ 2018, WHO lere iguzogide ọgwụ nje anya dị ka otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu kachasị ukwuu nye ahụike ụwa, nchekwa nri na mmepe. <ref name="AR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance|title=Antibiotic resistance|work=who.int|accessdate=2020-03-16|archivedate=21 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521035847/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance}}</ref> Ọnwụ ndị sitere na AMR dịgasị iche iche site na mpaghara: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ebe !Ọnwụ maka 100,000 nke AMR <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMurrayIkutaShararaSwetschinski2022">Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Robles Aguilar G, Gray A, et&nbsp;al. (Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators) (February 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 "Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis"]. ''Lancet''. '''399''' (10325): <span class="nowrap">629–</span>655. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 8841637]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35065702 35065702]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246077406 246077406].</cite></ref> |- |Ebe Ugwu Africa na Middle East |11.2 |- |Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ọwụwa Anwụ Eshia, na Oceania |11.7 |- |Latin America na Caribbean |14.4 |- |Ebe etiti na Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe na Ebe etiti Eshia |17.6 |- |Ndịda Eshia |21.5 |- |Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka |23.7 |} Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mgbochi na Njikwa Ọrịa nke Europe mere atụmatụ na n'afọ 2015, e nwere ọrịa 671,689 na EU na Mpaghara Akụ na ụba Europe nke nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje kpatara, nke butere ọnwụ 33,110. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwetara n'ebe nlekọta ahụike. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis|journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|volume=19|issue=1|pages=56–66|date=January 2019|pmid=30409683|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for over 33,000 deaths in Europe in 2015, study finds|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=The Pharmaceutical Journal|date=7 November 2018|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155238/https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds}}</ref> Na 2019, e nwere ọnwụ 133,000 nke AMR kpatara. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO European region in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis|journal=The Lancet. Public Health|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e897–e913|date=November 2022|pmid=36244350|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00225-0}}</ref> == Echiche Ahụike Otu == A maara iguzogide nje bacteria (AMR) nke ọma dị ka otu okwu ahụike, na-egosipụta njikọ dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Mmepe nke iguzogide nje bacteria a jikọtara ọnụ ma na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ngalaba, gụnyere ọgwụ mmadụ, ọgwụ anụmanụ na ọrụ ugbo. Ya mere, ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa. <ref name="Salam 1946">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=Md. Abdus|date=2023-07-05|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/13/1946|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=11|issue=13|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|issn=2227-9032|pmid=37444780}}</ref> Ụdị ngalaba dị iche iche dị mkpa iji ghọta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na AMR nwere na ahụike mmadụ n'ụwa niile. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyekwa aka na ịnọgide na-enwe na mgbasa nke AMR, ebe ihe fọdụrụ na nje bacteria na ihe ndị na-eguzogide nje nwere ike ịbanye n'ala na sistemụ mmiri site na mmiri ọrụ ugbo, mwepụ mmiri mkpofu, na iwepụ ọgwụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-05-20|title=STAT!Ref|journal=Choice Reviews Online|volume=52|issue=10|pages=52–5379-52-5379|doi=10.5860/choice.189510|issn=0009-4978}}</ref> Ịgwọ mgbochi nje bacteria site na otu usoro ahụike dị mkpa maka ibelata mmetụta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ ya, akụ na ụba, na gburugburu ebe obibi. == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == AMR na-akpatakarị site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe gabiga ókè . <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who "Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO"]. ''[[World Health Organization]]''. 10 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Ha na-amụpụta ma na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, ha nwekwara ike imeghari gburugburu ebe obibi ha ma gbanwee otú ha ga-esi dị ndụ nke ọma. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|date=2025|title=Antimicrobial resistance: Causes.|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes}}</ref> Ma, n'otu oge ahụ, ọtụtụ mmadụ gburugburu ụwa enweghị ike ịnweta ọgwụ nje dị mkpa. <ref name="WHO10October2024" /> Nke a na-eduga na nje bacteria ma na-agbanwe ihe nchebe megide ọgwụ eji agwọ ha, ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ụdị nje bacteria ndị nwere ihe mgbochi ebumpụta ụwa megide ọgwụ nje na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị karịa ndị a na-emeri ngwa ngwa site na ọgwụ. Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwekwara ike ime, nke ga-ekwe ka nje bacteria ahụ dị ndụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe mgbochi nje na-eme n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa ka oge na-aga, ojiji nke ihe mgbochi nje n'ọtụtụ ebe ma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ma n'èzí emeela ka iguzogide nje na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-enwe ike iguzogide ọgwụ nje ka oge na-aga site na mgbanwe eke, ịkọ ọgwụ nje gabigara ókè na ọgwụ nje na-ekwesịghị ekwesị emeela ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ. N'oge mgbanwe, mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, mgbanwe ndị a na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ikpughe. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] O kwere omume na ihe dị ka 1 n'ime ọgwụ atọ e dere maka ọgwụ nje adịghị mkpa. <ref name="CDC_2016">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-01|title=CDC Newsroom|url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html|accessdate=2023-02-28|work=CDC|archivedate=9 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309053532/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html}}</ref> Kwa afọ, a na-ede ihe dị ka nde 154 ọgwụ nje. N'ime ndị a, ihe ruru nde 46 adịghị mkpa ma ọ bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ọnọdụ onye ọrịa nwere. <ref name="CDC_2016" /> Microbes nwere ike ịmalite iguzogide site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eme n'oge nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ, ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe ndị a na-enweghị usoro dị ụkọ, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-amụpụta ugboro ugboro na ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ohere nke ndị bi na ya nweta mgbanwe nke na-eme ka iguzogide dịkwuo elu. <ref name="Michael_2014">{{Cite journal|title=The antimicrobial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|volume=2|date=2014|pmid=25279369|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00145}}</ref> N'adịghị ka nke ahụ, nnyocha na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na, n'adịghị ka ụdị ọdịnala nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ngwa ngwa, mycobacteria na-anọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike dị elu n'okpuru nrụgide ọgwụ nje, na-adabere na nnabata phenotypic na usoro ndozi DNA maka ndụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Genetic stability of Mycobacterium smegmatis under the stress of first-line antitubercular agents|journal=eLife|date=Nov 20, 2024|volume=13|issue=RP96695|doi=10.7554/eLife.96695.3|pmid=39565350|url=https://elifesciences.org/articles/96695}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Assessing the Impact of Bedaquiline, Clofazimine, and Linezolid on Mycobacterial Genome Integrity|journal=Biomolecules|date=15 November 2024|volume=14|issue=1451|doi=10.3390/biom14111451|pmid=39595627|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1451}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-akwụsị ịṅụ ọgwụ nje mgbe ha malitere inwe mmetụta dị mma. Mgbe nke a mere, o kwere omume na nje ndị na-adịghị mfe ọgwụgwọ ka na-anọgide n'ime ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na nje ndị a enwee ike ịnọgide na-amụ nwa, nke a nwere ike ibute ọrịa site na nje bacteria ndị na-adịghị mfe ịnweta ma ọ bụ ọbụna iguzogide ọgwụ nje. <ref name="Michael_2014" /> Ụmụ nje nwekwara ike ịnweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa site n'aka ibe ha, nke na-eme ka ha ghara iguzogide ọgwụ. Bakteria ndị nwere DNA na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-ebufekarị otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị a na nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. Ha nwere ike ịmụba ma too nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|title=Archived copy|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.|date=2022|title=What causes antimicrobial resistance?|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> Usoro a, nke a maara dị ka nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'etiti ụdị nje bacteria dị iche iche site na usoro dị ka njikọ, mgbanwe, na transduction. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Michaelis|first=Claudia|date=2023-02-04|title=Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms|journal=Antibiotics|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.3390/antibiotics12020328|issn=2079-6382|pmid=36830238}}</ref> Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje site n'ịgbanwe onwe ha ma ọ bụ inweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iguzogide nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. N'ime afọ 20 gara aga, iguzogide nje (AMR) etoola, na-eme ka ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ọrịa iku ume, ọrịa urinary tract, STDs, na ụkwara nta sie ike ịgwọ. A naghị emepụta ọgwụ nje ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị emee ihe ọ bụla, anyị nwere ike ịbanye "oge mgbe ọgwụ nje gasịrị" ebe a na-apụghị ịgwọ ụfọdụ ọrịa. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}</ref> AMR na-eme ka ọrịa sikwuo ike ma dị oke ọnụ iji gwọọ. Ojiji ọgwụ nje kwesịrị ekwesị—ọgwụ ziri ezi, dose, na oge ọ ga-ewe—na ịdị ọcha siri ike n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị mkpa. Ịlụso AMR ọgụ chọrọ mmekorita n'etiti gọọmentị, ndị ọrụ ahụike, ndị nchọpụta, ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo, na ọha na eze site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, nlekota iguzogide, igbochi ọgwụ nje n'ime anụmanụ, na imeziwanye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ, ọgwụ mgbochi, na ule. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> Mgbochi bụ usoro kachasị dị irè. Tinyere iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, ọ dị mkpa maka ọgwụ ọhụrụ, ọgwụgwọ ọzọ, nchọpụta ka mma, na ọgwụ mgbochi. Ọ bụrụ na a naghị eme ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma, usoro ọgwụgwọ dị mkpa dịka ịwa ahụ, mgbanwe akụkụ ahụ, nlekọta ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ, na ọgwụgwọ kansa nwere ike ịnọ n'ihe ize ndụ. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> === Ihe ndị sitere n'okike === [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_Resistance_Spread.jpg|thumb|Ihe omuma CDC banyere otu ihe mgbochi nje si eme ma gbasaa]] AMR bụ usoro ebumpụta ụwa. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/ "About Antimicrobial Resistance"]. ''US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]''. 22 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbochi nje nwere ike ịmalite n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa n'ihi na ọ na-aga n'ihu na-enweta ọgwụ nje. Nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa pụtara na ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ike imeghari na gburugburu ha, dị ndụ, ma nọgide na-amụ ụmụ. <ref name="NS">{{Cite web|url=https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25|title=Natural selection|work=evolution.berkeley.edu|accessdate=2020-03-10|archivedate=30 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030201404/https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ụdị nje ndị na-adị ndụ ka oge na-aga site n'aka ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje ga-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-enweghị mgbochi a ga-aghọkwa ndị na-adịghịzi arụ ọrụ. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHolmesMooreSundsfjordSteinbakk2016">Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, et&nbsp;al. (January 2016). [http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx "Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance"]. ''Lancet''. '''387''' (10014): <span class="nowrap">176–</span>87. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:10044/1/32225|10044/1/32225]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26603922 26603922]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1944665 1944665]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220414151453/http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx Archived] from the original on 14 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ụfọdụ ọgwụ mgbochi nje nke oge a agbanweela n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa tupu e jiri ọgwụ nje ndị mmadụ na-eji eme ihe n'ụlọọgwụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ mgbochi methicillin gbanwere dị ka ọgwụ nje nke hedgehogs, ikekwe dị ka mgbanwe nke nje ahụ na hedgehogs nke dermatophyte nke na-emepụta ọgwụ nje na-ebute. <ref name="MR">{{Cite journal|title=Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics|journal=Nature|volume=602|issue=7895|pages=135–141|date=February 2022|pmid=34987223|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04265-w}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ero na nje bacteria dị n'ala bụ ndị na-asọmpi n'okike, penisilini ọgwụ nje mbụ nke Alexander Fleming chọpụtara furu efu ngwa ngwa n'ịgwọ ụmụ mmadụ, nakwa na ọ dịghị penisilini ndị ọzọ e kere eke (F, K, N, X, O, U1 ma ọ bụ U6) a na-eji ugbu a n'ụlọ ọgwụ. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">achọrọ ntụaka</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Enwere ike inweta nguzogide nje site na nje ndị ọzọ site na ịgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'usoro a na-akpọ nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ. Nke a pụtara na ozugbo mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje pụtara n'ime obodo nje, ọ nwere ike gbasaa gaa na nje ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ahụ, nke nwere ike isi na nje ndị na-abụghị ọrịa pụta gaa na nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa. Usoro a na-akwalite nke ukwuu site na usoro nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa nke na-eme n'oge ojiji ọgwụ nje ma ọ bụ iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome|journal=Gut Microbes|volume=14|issue=1|date=2022-12-31|pmid=35332832|doi=10.1080/19490976.2022.2055944}}</ref> Ka oge na-aga, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na ọrịa ndị dị na ya ga-abụ ụdị nke na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje a na-eji agwọ ha, nke na-eme ka ihe a ghara ịdị irè ugbu a imeri ọtụtụ nje bacteria. Site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, a na-eme ka usoro okike a dịkwuo ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Ferri_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Antimicrobial resistance: A global emerging threat to public health systems|journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition|volume=57|issue=13|pages=2857–2876|date=September 2017|pmid=26464037|doi=10.1080/10408398.2015.1077192}}</ref> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bqh2thetd5kvzo68tbbusal2iecne9q 632373 632372 2026-05-09T07:39:38Z Bigcee007 24507 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349560866|Antimicrobial resistance]]" 632373 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_sensitivity_and_resistance.jpg|alt=Two petri dishes with antibiotic resistance tests|thumb|Nnwale iguzogide ọgwụ nje : A na-agbanye nje bacteria na ihe siri ike na efere Petri na diski akwụkwọ na-edobe n'elu, nke ọ bụla na-agbanye ọgwụ nje dị iche iche. Mgbanaka doro anya, dị ka ndị dị n'aka ekpe, na-egosi na nje bacteria etobeghị gburugburu diski, na-egosi na nje bacteria ndị a adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria ndị dị n'aka nri na-eguzogide nke ọma atọ n'ime asaa ma na-eguzogide ọgwụ abụọ n'ime ọgwụ nje asaa a nwalere ]] '''Mgbochi nje''' ( '''AMR''' ma ọ bụ '''AR''' ) na-eme mgbe nje bacteria na-agbanwe usoro ndị na-echebe ha pụọ na ọgwụ nje, nke bụ ọgwụ e ji agwọ ọrịa n'ime mmadụ, anụmanụ, na osisi. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=World Health Organization (WHO)|date=November 21, 2023|title=Antimicrobial resistance.|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Nje bacteria ọ bụla nwere ike inwe iguzogide, gụnyere nje bacteria ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje virus ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje bacteria (nguzogide '''nje''' ), na fungi ( '''nguzogide nje''' ). N'otu aka ahụ, mgbanwe ndị a na-adaba n'okpuru nche anwụ AMR, na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka nye ahụike n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na njikwa na-ezighi ezi bụ isi ihe na-akpata iguzogide a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwekwara ike ime n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mgbasa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eguzogide ọgwụ. <ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref> A na-akpọ nje bacteria ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche ọgwụ dị iche iche (MDR) ma a na-akpọkwa ha superbugs mgbe ụfọdụ. <ref name="Magiorakos">{{Cite journal|date=March 2012|title=Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=18|issue=3|pages=268–281|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x|pmid=21793988}}</ref> Mgbochi ọgwụ nje, obere mpaghara AMR, na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, na-akpaghasị njikwa ọrịa na nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Nguzogide na-ebilite site na ngbanwe na mberede, mbufe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, yana mmụba nke nhọrọ site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe, ma na ọgwụ na ọrụ ugbo, nke na-eme ka mmepe nguzogide dị ngwa ngwa.<ref name="MP">{{Cite journal|title=Global antibiotic resistance is mostly periodic|journal=Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance|volume=7|pages=132–134|date=December 2016|pmid=27788414|doi=10.1016/j.jgar.2016.09.003}}</ref> Usoro mgbochi, dị ka iji ọgwụ nje dị warara na-eme ka usoro ịdị ọcha dịkwuo mma, bu n'obi ibelata mgbasa nke nguzogide.<ref name="Swedish">{{Cite book|title=Swedish work on containment of antibiotic resistance – Tools, methods and experiences|publisher=Public Health Agency of Sweden|year=2014|isbn=978-91-7603-011-0|url=http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/pagefiles/17351/Swedish-work-on-containment-of-antibiotic-resistance.pdf|location=Stockholm|pages=16–17, 121–128|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-ekwu na AMR bụ otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu ahụike ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmepe, na-eche na AMR nje na-akpata kpọmkwem maka ọnwụ ụwa 1.27 nde na 2019 ma nyere aka na ọnwụ 4.95 nde. Ibu AMR buru ibu, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise na-anwụ kwa afọ metụtara ọrịa na-eguzogide. Ọrịa sitere na microbes AMR na-esiwanye ike ịgwọ ma na-achọkarị usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ dị oke ọnụ nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị njọ karịa. Ọzọkwa, WHO na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ na-adọ aka ná ntị na AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ ihe ruru nde 10 kwa afọ ka ọ na-erule 2050 ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ihe. Atumatu zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị ka oku maka nkwekọrịta AMR mba ụwa, na-ekwusi ike na mbọ achikọtara ọnụ iji gbochie ojiji n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, nweta ego nyocha, na inye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ mgbochi dị mkpa na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Agbanyeghị, ọrịa COVID-19 butere akụrụngwa yana nlebara anya sayensị pụọ na AMR, na-eme ka ihe ịma aka ahụ ka njọ.<ref name="pmid33772597">{{Cite journal|title=Key considerations on the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance research and surveillance|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=115|issue=10|pages=1122–1129|date=March 2021|pmid=33772597|doi=10.1093/trstmh/trab048}}</ref> == Nkọwa == [[Faịlụ:WhatIsDrugResistance.gif|alt=Diagram showing difference between non-resistance bacteria and drug resistant bacteria|thumb|300x300px|Eserese na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria na-adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụba, na mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ gasịrị, nje bacteria na-anwụ. Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụbakwa, ma na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, nje bacteria na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Drug Resistance?|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|work=niaid.nih.gov|accessdate=26 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727153042/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|archivedate=27 July 2015}}</ref>]] Iguzogide antimicrobial pụtara na microorganism na-eguzogide ọgwụ antimicrobian nke nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa site na microorganisme ahụ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Mgbochi bụ ihe onwunwe nke nje, ọ bụghị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na-ebute nje.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|title=CDC: Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work|publisher=Cdc.gov|accessdate=12 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180658/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|archivedate=29 April 2015|date=29 May 2018}}</ref> Ụdị nje niile nwere ike ịzụlite iguzogide ọgwụ. Ya mere, e nwere ọgwụ nje, antifungal, antiviral na antiparasitic resistance.<ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref><ref name="Saha_2021">{{Cite journal|title=Review on Multiple Facets of Drug Resistance: A Rising Challenge in the 21st Century|journal=Journal of Xenobiotics|volume=11|issue=4|pages=197–214|date=December 2021|pmid=34940513|doi=10.3390/jox11040013}}</ref> Mgbochi nje bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide a nke a na-ahụkarị na nje bacteria ma si otú a kewaa ya n'ime ihe abụọ ọzọ, microbiological na clinical. Nguzogide nje bacteria bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma na-esi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke gbanwere ma ọ bụ nke e ketara eketa, nke na-enye nje bacteria ohere iguzogide usoro igbu nje bacteria ndị metụtara ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide ahụike na-egosi ọdịda nke ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ebe nje bacteria ndị na-adịkarị mfe ịnweta ọgwụgwọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ mgbe ha lanarịrị nsonaazụ nke ọgwụgwọ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ abụọ nke nguzogide enwetara, nje bacteria nwere ike ịgafe ihe mkpali mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka nguzogide site na nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ: njikọ, transduction, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe. Nke a na-enye ohere ka nguzogide gbasaa n'otu ụdị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ ọbụna nje bacteria yiri ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 October 2017|title=Antibiotic resistance|journal=Medicine|volume=45|issue=10|pages=622–628|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.07.006}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == Akụkọ WHO wepụtara n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014 kwuru, sị, "ihe iyi egwu a dị oke njọ abụghịzi amụma maka ọdịnihu, ọ na-eme ugbu a n'akụkụ ụwa niile ma nwee ike imetụta onye ọ bụla, n'afọ ọ bụla, na mba ọ bụla. Mgbochi ọgwụ nje—mgbe nje bacteria gbanwere ka ọgwụ nje ghara ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ndị chọrọ ka ha gwọọ ọrịa—bụzi ihe iyi egwu dị ukwuu nye ahụike ọha na eze ugbu a. " Kwa afọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise nwụrụ anwụ na AMR n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> Na 2019, ọnwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na AMR ruru nde 1.27 na 2019. N'otu afọ ahụ, AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nde mmadụ ise, otu n'ime mmadụ ise nwụrụ n'ihi AMR bụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise. <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}</ref> N'ime afọ 2018, WHO lere iguzogide ọgwụ nje anya dị ka otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu kachasị ukwuu nye ahụike ụwa, nchekwa nri na mmepe. <ref name="AR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance|title=Antibiotic resistance|work=who.int|accessdate=2020-03-16|archivedate=21 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521035847/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance}}</ref> Ọnwụ ndị sitere na AMR dịgasị iche iche site na mpaghara: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ebe !Ọnwụ maka 100,000 nke AMR <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMurrayIkutaShararaSwetschinski2022">Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Robles Aguilar G, Gray A, et&nbsp;al. (Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators) (February 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 "Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis"]. ''Lancet''. '''399''' (10325): <span class="nowrap">629–</span>655. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 8841637]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35065702 35065702]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246077406 246077406].</cite></ref> |- |Ebe Ugwu Africa na Middle East |11.2 |- |Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ọwụwa Anwụ Eshia, na Oceania |11.7 |- |Latin America na Caribbean |14.4 |- |Ebe etiti na Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe na Ebe etiti Eshia |17.6 |- |Ndịda Eshia |21.5 |- |Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka |23.7 |} Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mgbochi na Njikwa Ọrịa nke Europe mere atụmatụ na n'afọ 2015, e nwere ọrịa 671,689 na EU na Mpaghara Akụ na ụba Europe nke nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje kpatara, nke butere ọnwụ 33,110. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwetara n'ebe nlekọta ahụike. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis|journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|volume=19|issue=1|pages=56–66|date=January 2019|pmid=30409683|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for over 33,000 deaths in Europe in 2015, study finds|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=The Pharmaceutical Journal|date=7 November 2018|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155238/https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds}}</ref> Na 2019, e nwere ọnwụ 133,000 nke AMR kpatara. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO European region in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis|journal=The Lancet. Public Health|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e897–e913|date=November 2022|pmid=36244350|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00225-0}}</ref> == Echiche Ahụike Otu == A maara iguzogide nje bacteria (AMR) nke ọma dị ka otu okwu ahụike, na-egosipụta njikọ dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Mmepe nke iguzogide nje bacteria a jikọtara ọnụ ma na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ngalaba, gụnyere ọgwụ mmadụ, ọgwụ anụmanụ na ọrụ ugbo. Ya mere, ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa. <ref name="Salam 1946">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=Md. Abdus|date=2023-07-05|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/13/1946|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=11|issue=13|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|issn=2227-9032|pmid=37444780}}</ref> Ụdị ngalaba dị iche iche dị mkpa iji ghọta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na AMR nwere na ahụike mmadụ n'ụwa niile. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyekwa aka na ịnọgide na-enwe na mgbasa nke AMR, ebe ihe fọdụrụ na nje bacteria na ihe ndị na-eguzogide nje nwere ike ịbanye n'ala na sistemụ mmiri site na mmiri ọrụ ugbo, mwepụ mmiri mkpofu, na iwepụ ọgwụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-05-20|title=STAT!Ref|journal=Choice Reviews Online|volume=52|issue=10|pages=52–5379-52-5379|doi=10.5860/choice.189510|issn=0009-4978}}</ref> Ịgwọ mgbochi nje bacteria site na otu usoro ahụike dị mkpa maka ibelata mmetụta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ ya, akụ na ụba, na gburugburu ebe obibi. == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == AMR na-akpatakarị site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe gabiga ókè . <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who "Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO"]. ''[[World Health Organization]]''. 10 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Ha na-amụpụta ma na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, ha nwekwara ike imeghari gburugburu ebe obibi ha ma gbanwee otú ha ga-esi dị ndụ nke ọma. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|date=2025|title=Antimicrobial resistance: Causes.|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes}}</ref> Ma, n'otu oge ahụ, ọtụtụ mmadụ gburugburu ụwa enweghị ike ịnweta ọgwụ nje dị mkpa. <ref name="WHO10October2024" /> Nke a na-eduga na nje bacteria ma na-agbanwe ihe nchebe megide ọgwụ eji agwọ ha, ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ụdị nje bacteria ndị nwere ihe mgbochi ebumpụta ụwa megide ọgwụ nje na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị karịa ndị a na-emeri ngwa ngwa site na ọgwụ. Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwekwara ike ime, nke ga-ekwe ka nje bacteria ahụ dị ndụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe mgbochi nje na-eme n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa ka oge na-aga, ojiji nke ihe mgbochi nje n'ọtụtụ ebe ma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ma n'èzí emeela ka iguzogide nje na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-enwe ike iguzogide ọgwụ nje ka oge na-aga site na mgbanwe eke, ịkọ ọgwụ nje gabigara ókè na ọgwụ nje na-ekwesịghị ekwesị emeela ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ. N'oge mgbanwe, mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, mgbanwe ndị a na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ikpughe. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] O kwere omume na ihe dị ka 1 n'ime ọgwụ atọ e dere maka ọgwụ nje adịghị mkpa. <ref name="CDC_2016">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-01|title=CDC Newsroom|url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html|accessdate=2023-02-28|work=CDC|archivedate=9 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309053532/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html}}</ref> Kwa afọ, a na-ede ihe dị ka nde 154 ọgwụ nje. N'ime ndị a, ihe ruru nde 46 adịghị mkpa ma ọ bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ọnọdụ onye ọrịa nwere. <ref name="CDC_2016" /> Microbes nwere ike ịmalite iguzogide site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eme n'oge nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ, ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe ndị a na-enweghị usoro dị ụkọ, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-amụpụta ugboro ugboro na ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ohere nke ndị bi na ya nweta mgbanwe nke na-eme ka iguzogide dịkwuo elu. <ref name="Michael_2014">{{Cite journal|title=The antimicrobial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|volume=2|date=2014|pmid=25279369|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00145}}</ref> N'adịghị ka nke ahụ, nnyocha na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na, n'adịghị ka ụdị ọdịnala nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ngwa ngwa, mycobacteria na-anọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike dị elu n'okpuru nrụgide ọgwụ nje, na-adabere na nnabata phenotypic na usoro ndozi DNA maka ndụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Genetic stability of Mycobacterium smegmatis under the stress of first-line antitubercular agents|journal=eLife|date=Nov 20, 2024|volume=13|issue=RP96695|doi=10.7554/eLife.96695.3|pmid=39565350|url=https://elifesciences.org/articles/96695}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Assessing the Impact of Bedaquiline, Clofazimine, and Linezolid on Mycobacterial Genome Integrity|journal=Biomolecules|date=15 November 2024|volume=14|issue=1451|doi=10.3390/biom14111451|pmid=39595627|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1451}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-akwụsị ịṅụ ọgwụ nje mgbe ha malitere inwe mmetụta dị mma. Mgbe nke a mere, o kwere omume na nje ndị na-adịghị mfe ọgwụgwọ ka na-anọgide n'ime ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na nje ndị a enwee ike ịnọgide na-amụ nwa, nke a nwere ike ibute ọrịa site na nje bacteria ndị na-adịghị mfe ịnweta ma ọ bụ ọbụna iguzogide ọgwụ nje. <ref name="Michael_2014" /> Ụmụ nje nwekwara ike ịnweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa site n'aka ibe ha, nke na-eme ka ha ghara iguzogide ọgwụ. Bakteria ndị nwere DNA na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-ebufekarị otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị a na nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. Ha nwere ike ịmụba ma too nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|title=Archived copy|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.|date=2022|title=What causes antimicrobial resistance?|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> Usoro a, nke a maara dị ka nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'etiti ụdị nje bacteria dị iche iche site na usoro dị ka njikọ, mgbanwe, na transduction. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Michaelis|first=Claudia|date=2023-02-04|title=Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms|journal=Antibiotics|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.3390/antibiotics12020328|issn=2079-6382|pmid=36830238}}</ref> Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje site n'ịgbanwe onwe ha ma ọ bụ inweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iguzogide nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. N'ime afọ 20 gara aga, iguzogide nje (AMR) etoola, na-eme ka ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ọrịa iku ume, ọrịa urinary tract, STDs, na ụkwara nta sie ike ịgwọ. A naghị emepụta ọgwụ nje ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị emee ihe ọ bụla, anyị nwere ike ịbanye "oge mgbe ọgwụ nje gasịrị" ebe a na-apụghị ịgwọ ụfọdụ ọrịa. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}</ref> AMR na-eme ka ọrịa sikwuo ike ma dị oke ọnụ iji gwọọ. Ojiji ọgwụ nje kwesịrị ekwesị—ọgwụ ziri ezi, dose, na oge ọ ga-ewe—na ịdị ọcha siri ike n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị mkpa. Ịlụso AMR ọgụ chọrọ mmekorita n'etiti gọọmentị, ndị ọrụ ahụike, ndị nchọpụta, ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo, na ọha na eze site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, nlekota iguzogide, igbochi ọgwụ nje n'ime anụmanụ, na imeziwanye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ, ọgwụ mgbochi, na ule. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> Mgbochi bụ usoro kachasị dị irè. Tinyere iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, ọ dị mkpa maka ọgwụ ọhụrụ, ọgwụgwọ ọzọ, nchọpụta ka mma, na ọgwụ mgbochi. Ọ bụrụ na a naghị eme ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma, usoro ọgwụgwọ dị mkpa dịka ịwa ahụ, mgbanwe akụkụ ahụ, nlekọta ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ, na ọgwụgwọ kansa nwere ike ịnọ n'ihe ize ndụ. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> === Ihe ndị sitere n'okike === [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_Resistance_Spread.jpg|thumb|Ihe omuma CDC banyere otu ihe mgbochi nje si eme ma gbasaa]] AMR bụ usoro ebumpụta ụwa. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/ "About Antimicrobial Resistance"]. ''US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]''. 22 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbochi nje nwere ike ịmalite n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa n'ihi na ọ na-aga n'ihu na-enweta ọgwụ nje. Nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa pụtara na ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ike imeghari na gburugburu ha, dị ndụ, ma nọgide na-amụ ụmụ. <ref name="NS">{{Cite web|url=https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25|title=Natural selection|work=evolution.berkeley.edu|accessdate=2020-03-10|archivedate=30 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030201404/https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ụdị nje ndị na-adị ndụ ka oge na-aga site n'aka ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje ga-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-enweghị mgbochi a ga-aghọkwa ndị na-adịghịzi arụ ọrụ. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHolmesMooreSundsfjordSteinbakk2016">Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, et&nbsp;al. (January 2016). [http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx "Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance"]. ''Lancet''. '''387''' (10014): <span class="nowrap">176–</span>87. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:10044/1/32225|10044/1/32225]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26603922 26603922]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1944665 1944665]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220414151453/http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx Archived] from the original on 14 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ụfọdụ ọgwụ mgbochi nje nke oge a agbanweela n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa tupu e jiri ọgwụ nje ndị mmadụ na-eji eme ihe n'ụlọọgwụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ mgbochi methicillin gbanwere dị ka ọgwụ nje nke hedgehogs, ikekwe dị ka mgbanwe nke nje ahụ na hedgehogs nke dermatophyte nke na-emepụta ọgwụ nje na-ebute. <ref name="MR">{{Cite journal|title=Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics|journal=Nature|volume=602|issue=7895|pages=135–141|date=February 2022|pmid=34987223|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04265-w}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ero na nje bacteria dị n'ala bụ ndị na-asọmpi n'okike, penisilini ọgwụ nje mbụ nke Alexander Fleming chọpụtara furu efu ngwa ngwa n'ịgwọ ụmụ mmadụ, nakwa na ọ dịghị penisilini ndị ọzọ e kere eke (F, K, N, X, O, U1 ma ọ bụ U6) a na-eji ugbu a n'ụlọ ọgwụ. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">achọrọ ntụaka</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Enwere ike inweta nguzogide nje site na nje ndị ọzọ site na ịgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'usoro a na-akpọ nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ. Nke a pụtara na ozugbo mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje pụtara n'ime obodo nje, ọ nwere ike gbasaa gaa na nje ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ahụ, nke nwere ike isi na nje ndị na-abụghị ọrịa pụta gaa na nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa. Usoro a na-akwalite nke ukwuu site na usoro nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa nke na-eme n'oge ojiji ọgwụ nje ma ọ bụ iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome|journal=Gut Microbes|volume=14|issue=1|date=2022-12-31|pmid=35332832|doi=10.1080/19490976.2022.2055944}}</ref> Ka oge na-aga, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na ọrịa ndị dị na ya ga-abụ ụdị nke na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje a na-eji agwọ ha, nke na-eme ka ihe a ghara ịdị irè ugbu a imeri ọtụtụ nje bacteria. Site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, a na-eme ka usoro okike a dịkwuo ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Ferri_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Antimicrobial resistance: A global emerging threat to public health systems|journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition|volume=57|issue=13|pages=2857–2876|date=September 2017|pmid=26464037|doi=10.1080/10408398.2015.1077192}}</ref> === Ọgwụ onwe onye === N'ọtụtụ mba, naanị dọkịta nwere ike ịnye ọgwụ nje, ụlọ ọgwụ na-enyekwa ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Database for Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Country Self- Assessment Survey (TrACSS)|url=http://amrcountryprogress.org/|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=amrcountryprogress.org|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328115257/http://amrcountryprogress.org/}}</ref> A na-akọwa ọgwụ ndị ahịa na-aṅụ n'onwe ha dị ka "ịṅụ ọgwụ n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ n'uche onye ọzọ, onye na-abụghị ọkachamara ahụike nwere asambodo", a chọpụtakwala ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi kpatara mmepe nke iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="Rather_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention|journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences|volume=24|issue=4|pages=808–812|date=May 2017|pmid=28490950|doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004}}</ref> Ịgwọ onwe onye site na iji ọgwụ nje bụ ụzọ na-adịghị mma iji ha mana ọ bụ ihe a na-emekarị na mba ndị nwere oke akụrụngwa. Omume a na-ekpughe ndị mmadụ n'ihe ize ndụ nke nje bacteria ndị mepụtara iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="nft1">{{Cite journal|title=Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review|journal=Public Health|volume=168|pages=92–101|date=March 2019|pmid=30716570|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-eji nke a eme ihe n'ihi mkpa, mgbe enweghị ohere ịgakwuru dọkịta, ma ọ bụ mgbe ndị ọrịa nwere obere oge ma ọ bụ ego iji hụ dọkịta. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies|journal=Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control|volume=6|issue=1|date=2017-05-15|pmid=28515903|doi=10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x}}</ref> Mmụba a na-eme ka ọ dị mfe inweta ọgwụ nje. Ihe atụ bụ India, ebe na steeti Punjab, 73% nke ndị mmadụ malitere ịgwọ obere nsogbu ahụike ha na ọrịa ndị na-adịghị ala ala site na ọgwụ onwe onye. <ref name="Rather_2017" /> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] iuzxaq789hnm7uqmx89qe756fqbklpl 632375 632373 2026-05-09T08:18:49Z Bigcee007 24507 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349560866|Antimicrobial resistance]]" 632375 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_sensitivity_and_resistance.jpg|alt=Two petri dishes with antibiotic resistance tests|thumb|Nnwale iguzogide ọgwụ nje : A na-agbanye nje bacteria na ihe siri ike na efere Petri na diski akwụkwọ na-edobe n'elu, nke ọ bụla na-agbanye ọgwụ nje dị iche iche. Mgbanaka doro anya, dị ka ndị dị n'aka ekpe, na-egosi na nje bacteria etobeghị gburugburu diski, na-egosi na nje bacteria ndị a adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria ndị dị n'aka nri na-eguzogide nke ọma atọ n'ime asaa ma na-eguzogide ọgwụ abụọ n'ime ọgwụ nje asaa a nwalere ]] '''Mgbochi nje''' ( '''AMR''' ma ọ bụ '''AR''' ) na-eme mgbe nje bacteria na-agbanwe usoro ndị na-echebe ha pụọ na ọgwụ nje, nke bụ ọgwụ e ji agwọ ọrịa n'ime mmadụ, anụmanụ, na osisi. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=World Health Organization (WHO)|date=November 21, 2023|title=Antimicrobial resistance.|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Nje bacteria ọ bụla nwere ike inwe iguzogide, gụnyere nje bacteria ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje virus ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje bacteria (nguzogide '''nje''' ), na fungi ( '''nguzogide nje''' ). N'otu aka ahụ, mgbanwe ndị a na-adaba n'okpuru nche anwụ AMR, na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka nye ahụike n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na njikwa na-ezighi ezi bụ isi ihe na-akpata iguzogide a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwekwara ike ime n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mgbasa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eguzogide ọgwụ. <ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref> A na-akpọ nje bacteria ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche ọgwụ dị iche iche (MDR) ma a na-akpọkwa ha superbugs mgbe ụfọdụ. <ref name="Magiorakos">{{Cite journal|date=March 2012|title=Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=18|issue=3|pages=268–281|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x|pmid=21793988}}</ref> Mgbochi ọgwụ nje, obere mpaghara AMR, na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, na-akpaghasị njikwa ọrịa na nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Nguzogide na-ebilite site na ngbanwe na mberede, mbufe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, yana mmụba nke nhọrọ site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe, ma na ọgwụ na ọrụ ugbo, nke na-eme ka mmepe nguzogide dị ngwa ngwa.<ref name="MP">{{Cite journal|title=Global antibiotic resistance is mostly periodic|journal=Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance|volume=7|pages=132–134|date=December 2016|pmid=27788414|doi=10.1016/j.jgar.2016.09.003}}</ref> Usoro mgbochi, dị ka iji ọgwụ nje dị warara na-eme ka usoro ịdị ọcha dịkwuo mma, bu n'obi ibelata mgbasa nke nguzogide.<ref name="Swedish">{{Cite book|title=Swedish work on containment of antibiotic resistance – Tools, methods and experiences|publisher=Public Health Agency of Sweden|year=2014|isbn=978-91-7603-011-0|url=http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/pagefiles/17351/Swedish-work-on-containment-of-antibiotic-resistance.pdf|location=Stockholm|pages=16–17, 121–128|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-ekwu na AMR bụ otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu ahụike ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmepe, na-eche na AMR nje na-akpata kpọmkwem maka ọnwụ ụwa 1.27 nde na 2019 ma nyere aka na ọnwụ 4.95 nde. Ibu AMR buru ibu, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise na-anwụ kwa afọ metụtara ọrịa na-eguzogide. Ọrịa sitere na microbes AMR na-esiwanye ike ịgwọ ma na-achọkarị usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ dị oke ọnụ nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị njọ karịa. Ọzọkwa, WHO na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ na-adọ aka ná ntị na AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ ihe ruru nde 10 kwa afọ ka ọ na-erule 2050 ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ihe. Atumatu zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị ka oku maka nkwekọrịta AMR mba ụwa, na-ekwusi ike na mbọ achikọtara ọnụ iji gbochie ojiji n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, nweta ego nyocha, na inye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ mgbochi dị mkpa na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Agbanyeghị, ọrịa COVID-19 butere akụrụngwa yana nlebara anya sayensị pụọ na AMR, na-eme ka ihe ịma aka ahụ ka njọ.<ref name="pmid33772597">{{Cite journal|title=Key considerations on the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance research and surveillance|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=115|issue=10|pages=1122–1129|date=March 2021|pmid=33772597|doi=10.1093/trstmh/trab048}}</ref> == Nkọwa == [[Faịlụ:WhatIsDrugResistance.gif|alt=Diagram showing difference between non-resistance bacteria and drug resistant bacteria|thumb|300x300px|Eserese na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria na-adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụba, na mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ gasịrị, nje bacteria na-anwụ. Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụbakwa, ma na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, nje bacteria na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Drug Resistance?|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|work=niaid.nih.gov|accessdate=26 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727153042/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|archivedate=27 July 2015}}</ref>]] Iguzogide antimicrobial pụtara na microorganism na-eguzogide ọgwụ antimicrobian nke nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa site na microorganisme ahụ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Mgbochi bụ ihe onwunwe nke nje, ọ bụghị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na-ebute nje.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|title=CDC: Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work|publisher=Cdc.gov|accessdate=12 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180658/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|archivedate=29 April 2015|date=29 May 2018}}</ref> Ụdị nje niile nwere ike ịzụlite iguzogide ọgwụ. Ya mere, e nwere ọgwụ nje, antifungal, antiviral na antiparasitic resistance.<ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref><ref name="Saha_2021">{{Cite journal|title=Review on Multiple Facets of Drug Resistance: A Rising Challenge in the 21st Century|journal=Journal of Xenobiotics|volume=11|issue=4|pages=197–214|date=December 2021|pmid=34940513|doi=10.3390/jox11040013}}</ref> Mgbochi nje bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide a nke a na-ahụkarị na nje bacteria ma si otú a kewaa ya n'ime ihe abụọ ọzọ, microbiological na clinical. Nguzogide nje bacteria bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma na-esi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke gbanwere ma ọ bụ nke e ketara eketa, nke na-enye nje bacteria ohere iguzogide usoro igbu nje bacteria ndị metụtara ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide ahụike na-egosi ọdịda nke ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ebe nje bacteria ndị na-adịkarị mfe ịnweta ọgwụgwọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ mgbe ha lanarịrị nsonaazụ nke ọgwụgwọ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ abụọ nke nguzogide enwetara, nje bacteria nwere ike ịgafe ihe mkpali mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka nguzogide site na nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ: njikọ, transduction, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe. Nke a na-enye ohere ka nguzogide gbasaa n'otu ụdị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ ọbụna nje bacteria yiri ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 October 2017|title=Antibiotic resistance|journal=Medicine|volume=45|issue=10|pages=622–628|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.07.006}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == Akụkọ WHO wepụtara n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014 kwuru, sị, "ihe iyi egwu a dị oke njọ abụghịzi amụma maka ọdịnihu, ọ na-eme ugbu a n'akụkụ ụwa niile ma nwee ike imetụta onye ọ bụla, n'afọ ọ bụla, na mba ọ bụla. Mgbochi ọgwụ nje—mgbe nje bacteria gbanwere ka ọgwụ nje ghara ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ndị chọrọ ka ha gwọọ ọrịa—bụzi ihe iyi egwu dị ukwuu nye ahụike ọha na eze ugbu a. " Kwa afọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise nwụrụ anwụ na AMR n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> Na 2019, ọnwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na AMR ruru nde 1.27 na 2019. N'otu afọ ahụ, AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nde mmadụ ise, otu n'ime mmadụ ise nwụrụ n'ihi AMR bụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise. <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}</ref> N'ime afọ 2018, WHO lere iguzogide ọgwụ nje anya dị ka otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu kachasị ukwuu nye ahụike ụwa, nchekwa nri na mmepe. <ref name="AR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance|title=Antibiotic resistance|work=who.int|accessdate=2020-03-16|archivedate=21 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521035847/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance}}</ref> Ọnwụ ndị sitere na AMR dịgasị iche iche site na mpaghara: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ebe !Ọnwụ maka 100,000 nke AMR <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMurrayIkutaShararaSwetschinski2022">Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Robles Aguilar G, Gray A, et&nbsp;al. (Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators) (February 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 "Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis"]. ''Lancet''. '''399''' (10325): <span class="nowrap">629–</span>655. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 8841637]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35065702 35065702]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246077406 246077406].</cite></ref> |- |Ebe Ugwu Africa na Middle East |11.2 |- |Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ọwụwa Anwụ Eshia, na Oceania |11.7 |- |Latin America na Caribbean |14.4 |- |Ebe etiti na Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe na Ebe etiti Eshia |17.6 |- |Ndịda Eshia |21.5 |- |Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka |23.7 |} Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mgbochi na Njikwa Ọrịa nke Europe mere atụmatụ na n'afọ 2015, e nwere ọrịa 671,689 na EU na Mpaghara Akụ na ụba Europe nke nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje kpatara, nke butere ọnwụ 33,110. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwetara n'ebe nlekọta ahụike. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis|journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|volume=19|issue=1|pages=56–66|date=January 2019|pmid=30409683|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for over 33,000 deaths in Europe in 2015, study finds|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=The Pharmaceutical Journal|date=7 November 2018|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155238/https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds}}</ref> Na 2019, e nwere ọnwụ 133,000 nke AMR kpatara. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO European region in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis|journal=The Lancet. Public Health|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e897–e913|date=November 2022|pmid=36244350|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00225-0}}</ref> == Echiche Ahụike Otu == A maara iguzogide nje bacteria (AMR) nke ọma dị ka otu okwu ahụike, na-egosipụta njikọ dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Mmepe nke iguzogide nje bacteria a jikọtara ọnụ ma na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ngalaba, gụnyere ọgwụ mmadụ, ọgwụ anụmanụ na ọrụ ugbo. Ya mere, ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa. <ref name="Salam 1946">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=Md. Abdus|date=2023-07-05|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/13/1946|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=11|issue=13|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|issn=2227-9032|pmid=37444780}}</ref> Ụdị ngalaba dị iche iche dị mkpa iji ghọta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na AMR nwere na ahụike mmadụ n'ụwa niile. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyekwa aka na ịnọgide na-enwe na mgbasa nke AMR, ebe ihe fọdụrụ na nje bacteria na ihe ndị na-eguzogide nje nwere ike ịbanye n'ala na sistemụ mmiri site na mmiri ọrụ ugbo, mwepụ mmiri mkpofu, na iwepụ ọgwụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-05-20|title=STAT!Ref|journal=Choice Reviews Online|volume=52|issue=10|pages=52–5379-52-5379|doi=10.5860/choice.189510|issn=0009-4978}}</ref> Ịgwọ mgbochi nje bacteria site na otu usoro ahụike dị mkpa maka ibelata mmetụta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ ya, akụ na ụba, na gburugburu ebe obibi. == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == AMR na-akpatakarị site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe gabiga ókè . <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who "Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO"]. ''[[World Health Organization]]''. 10 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Ha na-amụpụta ma na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, ha nwekwara ike imeghari gburugburu ebe obibi ha ma gbanwee otú ha ga-esi dị ndụ nke ọma. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|date=2025|title=Antimicrobial resistance: Causes.|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes}}</ref> Ma, n'otu oge ahụ, ọtụtụ mmadụ gburugburu ụwa enweghị ike ịnweta ọgwụ nje dị mkpa. <ref name="WHO10October2024" /> Nke a na-eduga na nje bacteria ma na-agbanwe ihe nchebe megide ọgwụ eji agwọ ha, ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ụdị nje bacteria ndị nwere ihe mgbochi ebumpụta ụwa megide ọgwụ nje na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị karịa ndị a na-emeri ngwa ngwa site na ọgwụ. Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwekwara ike ime, nke ga-ekwe ka nje bacteria ahụ dị ndụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe mgbochi nje na-eme n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa ka oge na-aga, ojiji nke ihe mgbochi nje n'ọtụtụ ebe ma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ma n'èzí emeela ka iguzogide nje na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-enwe ike iguzogide ọgwụ nje ka oge na-aga site na mgbanwe eke, ịkọ ọgwụ nje gabigara ókè na ọgwụ nje na-ekwesịghị ekwesị emeela ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ. N'oge mgbanwe, mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, mgbanwe ndị a na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ikpughe. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] O kwere omume na ihe dị ka 1 n'ime ọgwụ atọ e dere maka ọgwụ nje adịghị mkpa. <ref name="CDC_2016">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-01|title=CDC Newsroom|url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html|accessdate=2023-02-28|work=CDC|archivedate=9 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309053532/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html}}</ref> Kwa afọ, a na-ede ihe dị ka nde 154 ọgwụ nje. N'ime ndị a, ihe ruru nde 46 adịghị mkpa ma ọ bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ọnọdụ onye ọrịa nwere. <ref name="CDC_2016" /> Microbes nwere ike ịmalite iguzogide site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eme n'oge nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ, ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe ndị a na-enweghị usoro dị ụkọ, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-amụpụta ugboro ugboro na ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ohere nke ndị bi na ya nweta mgbanwe nke na-eme ka iguzogide dịkwuo elu. <ref name="Michael_2014">{{Cite journal|title=The antimicrobial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|volume=2|date=2014|pmid=25279369|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00145}}</ref> N'adịghị ka nke ahụ, nnyocha na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na, n'adịghị ka ụdị ọdịnala nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ngwa ngwa, mycobacteria na-anọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike dị elu n'okpuru nrụgide ọgwụ nje, na-adabere na nnabata phenotypic na usoro ndozi DNA maka ndụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Genetic stability of Mycobacterium smegmatis under the stress of first-line antitubercular agents|journal=eLife|date=Nov 20, 2024|volume=13|issue=RP96695|doi=10.7554/eLife.96695.3|pmid=39565350|url=https://elifesciences.org/articles/96695}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Assessing the Impact of Bedaquiline, Clofazimine, and Linezolid on Mycobacterial Genome Integrity|journal=Biomolecules|date=15 November 2024|volume=14|issue=1451|doi=10.3390/biom14111451|pmid=39595627|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1451}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-akwụsị ịṅụ ọgwụ nje mgbe ha malitere inwe mmetụta dị mma. Mgbe nke a mere, o kwere omume na nje ndị na-adịghị mfe ọgwụgwọ ka na-anọgide n'ime ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na nje ndị a enwee ike ịnọgide na-amụ nwa, nke a nwere ike ibute ọrịa site na nje bacteria ndị na-adịghị mfe ịnweta ma ọ bụ ọbụna iguzogide ọgwụ nje. <ref name="Michael_2014" /> Ụmụ nje nwekwara ike ịnweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa site n'aka ibe ha, nke na-eme ka ha ghara iguzogide ọgwụ. Bakteria ndị nwere DNA na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-ebufekarị otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị a na nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. Ha nwere ike ịmụba ma too nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|title=Archived copy|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.|date=2022|title=What causes antimicrobial resistance?|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> Usoro a, nke a maara dị ka nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'etiti ụdị nje bacteria dị iche iche site na usoro dị ka njikọ, mgbanwe, na transduction. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Michaelis|first=Claudia|date=2023-02-04|title=Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms|journal=Antibiotics|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.3390/antibiotics12020328|issn=2079-6382|pmid=36830238}}</ref> Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje site n'ịgbanwe onwe ha ma ọ bụ inweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iguzogide nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. N'ime afọ 20 gara aga, iguzogide nje (AMR) etoola, na-eme ka ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ọrịa iku ume, ọrịa urinary tract, STDs, na ụkwara nta sie ike ịgwọ. A naghị emepụta ọgwụ nje ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị emee ihe ọ bụla, anyị nwere ike ịbanye "oge mgbe ọgwụ nje gasịrị" ebe a na-apụghị ịgwọ ụfọdụ ọrịa. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}</ref> AMR na-eme ka ọrịa sikwuo ike ma dị oke ọnụ iji gwọọ. Ojiji ọgwụ nje kwesịrị ekwesị—ọgwụ ziri ezi, dose, na oge ọ ga-ewe—na ịdị ọcha siri ike n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị mkpa. Ịlụso AMR ọgụ chọrọ mmekorita n'etiti gọọmentị, ndị ọrụ ahụike, ndị nchọpụta, ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo, na ọha na eze site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, nlekota iguzogide, igbochi ọgwụ nje n'ime anụmanụ, na imeziwanye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ, ọgwụ mgbochi, na ule. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> Mgbochi bụ usoro kachasị dị irè. Tinyere iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, ọ dị mkpa maka ọgwụ ọhụrụ, ọgwụgwọ ọzọ, nchọpụta ka mma, na ọgwụ mgbochi. Ọ bụrụ na a naghị eme ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma, usoro ọgwụgwọ dị mkpa dịka ịwa ahụ, mgbanwe akụkụ ahụ, nlekọta ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ, na ọgwụgwọ kansa nwere ike ịnọ n'ihe ize ndụ. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> === Ihe ndị sitere n'okike === [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_Resistance_Spread.jpg|thumb|Ihe omuma CDC banyere otu ihe mgbochi nje si eme ma gbasaa]] AMR bụ usoro ebumpụta ụwa. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/ "About Antimicrobial Resistance"]. ''US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]''. 22 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbochi nje nwere ike ịmalite n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa n'ihi na ọ na-aga n'ihu na-enweta ọgwụ nje. Nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa pụtara na ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ike imeghari na gburugburu ha, dị ndụ, ma nọgide na-amụ ụmụ. <ref name="NS">{{Cite web|url=https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25|title=Natural selection|work=evolution.berkeley.edu|accessdate=2020-03-10|archivedate=30 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030201404/https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ụdị nje ndị na-adị ndụ ka oge na-aga site n'aka ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje ga-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-enweghị mgbochi a ga-aghọkwa ndị na-adịghịzi arụ ọrụ. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHolmesMooreSundsfjordSteinbakk2016">Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, et&nbsp;al. (January 2016). [http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx "Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance"]. ''Lancet''. '''387''' (10014): <span class="nowrap">176–</span>87. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:10044/1/32225|10044/1/32225]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26603922 26603922]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1944665 1944665]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220414151453/http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx Archived] from the original on 14 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ụfọdụ ọgwụ mgbochi nje nke oge a agbanweela n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa tupu e jiri ọgwụ nje ndị mmadụ na-eji eme ihe n'ụlọọgwụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ mgbochi methicillin gbanwere dị ka ọgwụ nje nke hedgehogs, ikekwe dị ka mgbanwe nke nje ahụ na hedgehogs nke dermatophyte nke na-emepụta ọgwụ nje na-ebute. <ref name="MR">{{Cite journal|title=Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics|journal=Nature|volume=602|issue=7895|pages=135–141|date=February 2022|pmid=34987223|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04265-w}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ero na nje bacteria dị n'ala bụ ndị na-asọmpi n'okike, penisilini ọgwụ nje mbụ nke Alexander Fleming chọpụtara furu efu ngwa ngwa n'ịgwọ ụmụ mmadụ, nakwa na ọ dịghị penisilini ndị ọzọ e kere eke (F, K, N, X, O, U1 ma ọ bụ U6) a na-eji ugbu a n'ụlọ ọgwụ. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">achọrọ ntụaka</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Enwere ike inweta nguzogide nje site na nje ndị ọzọ site na ịgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'usoro a na-akpọ nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ. Nke a pụtara na ozugbo mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje pụtara n'ime obodo nje, ọ nwere ike gbasaa gaa na nje ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ahụ, nke nwere ike isi na nje ndị na-abụghị ọrịa pụta gaa na nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa. Usoro a na-akwalite nke ukwuu site na usoro nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa nke na-eme n'oge ojiji ọgwụ nje ma ọ bụ iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome|journal=Gut Microbes|volume=14|issue=1|date=2022-12-31|pmid=35332832|doi=10.1080/19490976.2022.2055944}}</ref> Ka oge na-aga, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na ọrịa ndị dị na ya ga-abụ ụdị nke na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje a na-eji agwọ ha, nke na-eme ka ihe a ghara ịdị irè ugbu a imeri ọtụtụ nje bacteria. Site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, a na-eme ka usoro okike a dịkwuo ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Ferri_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Antimicrobial resistance: A global emerging threat to public health systems|journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition|volume=57|issue=13|pages=2857–2876|date=September 2017|pmid=26464037|doi=10.1080/10408398.2015.1077192}}</ref> === Ọgwụ onwe onye === N'ọtụtụ mba, naanị dọkịta nwere ike ịnye ọgwụ nje, ụlọ ọgwụ na-enyekwa ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Database for Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Country Self- Assessment Survey (TrACSS)|url=http://amrcountryprogress.org/|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=amrcountryprogress.org|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328115257/http://amrcountryprogress.org/}}</ref> A na-akọwa ọgwụ ndị ahịa na-aṅụ n'onwe ha dị ka "ịṅụ ọgwụ n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ n'uche onye ọzọ, onye na-abụghị ọkachamara ahụike nwere asambodo", a chọpụtakwala ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi kpatara mmepe nke iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="Rather_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention|journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences|volume=24|issue=4|pages=808–812|date=May 2017|pmid=28490950|doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004}}</ref> Ịgwọ onwe onye site na iji ọgwụ nje bụ ụzọ na-adịghị mma iji ha mana ọ bụ ihe a na-emekarị na mba ndị nwere oke akụrụngwa. Omume a na-ekpughe ndị mmadụ n'ihe ize ndụ nke nje bacteria ndị mepụtara iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="nft1">{{Cite journal|title=Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review|journal=Public Health|volume=168|pages=92–101|date=March 2019|pmid=30716570|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-eji nke a eme ihe n'ihi mkpa, mgbe enweghị ohere ịgakwuru dọkịta, ma ọ bụ mgbe ndị ọrịa nwere obere oge ma ọ bụ ego iji hụ dọkịta. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies|journal=Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control|volume=6|issue=1|date=2017-05-15|pmid=28515903|doi=10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x}}</ref> Mmụba a na-eme ka ọ dị mfe inweta ọgwụ nje. Ihe atụ bụ India, ebe na steeti Punjab, 73% nke ndị mmadụ malitere ịgwọ obere nsogbu ahụike ha na ọrịa ndị na-adịghị ala ala site na ọgwụ onwe onye. <ref name="Rather_2017" /> Ọgwụ onwe onye dị elu karịa n'èzí ụlọ ọgwụ, nke a na-ejikọkwa ya na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, ebe a na-eji ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'obodo kama iji ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje n'ụlọ ọgwụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgwụ onwe onye na mba ndị nwere obere ego na etiti (LMICs) sitere na 8.1% ruo 93%. Nnweta, ọnụ ahịa, na ọnọdụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ, yana omume ịchọ ahụike, bụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ọgwụ onwe onye na mba ndị nwere obere ego na etiti. <ref name="nft1">{{Cite journal|title=Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review|journal=Public Health|volume=168|pages=92–101|date=March 2019|pmid=30716570|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTorresChibiMiddletonSolomon2019">Torres NF, Chibi B, Middleton LE, Solomon VP, Mashamba-Thompson TP (March 2019). "Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review". ''Public Health''. '''168''': <span class="nowrap">92–</span>101. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018|10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30716570 30716570]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73434085 73434085].</cite></ref> Nsogbu abụọ dị mkpa na ọgwụ onwe onye bụ enweghị ihe ọmụma banyere ọha na eze na, nke mbụ, mmetụta dị ize ndụ nke ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje (dịka ọmụmaatụ ciprofloxacin nke nwere ike ibute tendonitis, mgbawa akwara na [[Aortic dissection|mwepụ aorta]] ) <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Do fluoroquinolones increase aortic aneurysm or dissection incidence and mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine|volume=9|date=2022-08-09|pmid=36017083|doi=10.3389/fcvm.2022.949538}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Fluoroquinolone-associated suspected tendonitis and tendon rupture: A pharmacovigilance analysis from 2016 to 2021 based on the FAERS database|journal=Frontiers in Pharmacology|volume=13|date=2022-09-06|pmid=36147351|doi=10.3389/fphar.2022.990241}}</ref> na, nke abụọ, iguzogide nje bacteria sara mbara na mgbe a ga-achọ nlekọta ahụike ma ọ bụrụ na ọrịa ahụ anaghị ehichapụ. Iji chọpụta ihe ọmụma ọha na eze na echiche ha nwere banyere iguzogide ọgwụ nje, e mere nyocha nke isiokwu 3,537 e bipụtara na Europe, Asia, na North America. N'ime mmadụ 55,225 a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ n'isiokwu ndị a, pasentị iri asaa (70%) anụla maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje na mbụ, mana pasentị iri asatọ na asatọ (88%) n'ime ndị ahụ chere na ọ na-ezo aka n'ụdị mgbanwe anụ ahụ n'ahụ mmadụ. <ref name="Rather_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention|journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences|volume=24|issue=4|pages=808–812|date=May 2017|pmid=28490950|doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRatherKimBajpaiPark2017">Rather IA, Kim BC, Bajpai VK, Park YH (May 2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5415144 "Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention"]. ''Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences''. '''24''' (4): <span class="nowrap">808–</span>812. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004|10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5415144 5415144]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28490950 28490950].</cite></ref> === Iji ọgwụ eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi === Mmebi iwu nke ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike na-eme bụ ihe ọzọ na-akpata mmụba nke iguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nnyocha emere na US na-egosi na ihe ngosi maka ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, nhọrọ nke ọgwụ ejiri mee ihe, na oge ọgwụgwọ ezighi ezi ruo 50% nke ikpe ndị a mụrụ. <ref name="The antibiotic resistance crisis: p" /> N'ime afọ 2010 n'afọ 2011 ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọgwụ nje na-enye n'ebe ndị na- anaghị anabata ọgwụ na United States adịghị mkpa. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=May 2016|title=Prevalence of Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescriptions Among US Ambulatory Care Visits, 2010–2011|journal=JAMA|volume=315|issue=17|pages=1864–73|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.4151|pmid=27139059}}</ref> Nnyocha ọzọ emere n'otu ngalaba nlekọta kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na France egosila na pasentị 30 ruo 60 nke ọgwụ nje e nyere ọgwụ adịghị mkpa. <ref name="The antibiotic resistance crisis: p">{{Cite journal|title=The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats|journal=P & T|volume=40|issue=4|pages=277–83|date=April 2015|pmid=25859123}}</ref> Ojiji ndị a na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke ọgwụ nje na-akwalite mmepe nke iguzogide nje site n'ịkwado nje bacteria na mmepe nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eduga na iguzogide. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Whys and Wherefores of Antibiotic Resistance|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|volume=7|issue=2|date=February 2017|pmid=27793964|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a025171}}</ref> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] atogyl51a5a476qxo0cinzzya8m9gdn 632377 632375 2026-05-09T09:58:53Z Bigcee007 24507 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349560866|Antimicrobial resistance]]" 632377 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_sensitivity_and_resistance.jpg|alt=Two petri dishes with antibiotic resistance tests|thumb|Nnwale iguzogide ọgwụ nje : A na-agbanye nje bacteria na ihe siri ike na efere Petri na diski akwụkwọ na-edobe n'elu, nke ọ bụla na-agbanye ọgwụ nje dị iche iche. Mgbanaka doro anya, dị ka ndị dị n'aka ekpe, na-egosi na nje bacteria etobeghị gburugburu diski, na-egosi na nje bacteria ndị a adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria ndị dị n'aka nri na-eguzogide nke ọma atọ n'ime asaa ma na-eguzogide ọgwụ abụọ n'ime ọgwụ nje asaa a nwalere ]] '''Mgbochi nje''' ( '''AMR''' ma ọ bụ '''AR''' ) na-eme mgbe nje bacteria na-agbanwe usoro ndị na-echebe ha pụọ na ọgwụ nje, nke bụ ọgwụ e ji agwọ ọrịa n'ime mmadụ, anụmanụ, na osisi. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=World Health Organization (WHO)|date=November 21, 2023|title=Antimicrobial resistance.|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Nje bacteria ọ bụla nwere ike inwe iguzogide, gụnyere nje bacteria ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje virus ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje bacteria (nguzogide '''nje''' ), na fungi ( '''nguzogide nje''' ). N'otu aka ahụ, mgbanwe ndị a na-adaba n'okpuru nche anwụ AMR, na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka nye ahụike n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na njikwa na-ezighi ezi bụ isi ihe na-akpata iguzogide a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwekwara ike ime n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mgbasa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eguzogide ọgwụ. <ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref> A na-akpọ nje bacteria ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche ọgwụ dị iche iche (MDR) ma a na-akpọkwa ha superbugs mgbe ụfọdụ. <ref name="Magiorakos">{{Cite journal|date=March 2012|title=Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=18|issue=3|pages=268–281|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x|pmid=21793988}}</ref> Mgbochi ọgwụ nje, obere mpaghara AMR, na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, na-akpaghasị njikwa ọrịa na nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Nguzogide na-ebilite site na ngbanwe na mberede, mbufe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, yana mmụba nke nhọrọ site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe, ma na ọgwụ na ọrụ ugbo, nke na-eme ka mmepe nguzogide dị ngwa ngwa.<ref name="MP">{{Cite journal|title=Global antibiotic resistance is mostly periodic|journal=Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance|volume=7|pages=132–134|date=December 2016|pmid=27788414|doi=10.1016/j.jgar.2016.09.003}}</ref> Usoro mgbochi, dị ka iji ọgwụ nje dị warara na-eme ka usoro ịdị ọcha dịkwuo mma, bu n'obi ibelata mgbasa nke nguzogide.<ref name="Swedish">{{Cite book|title=Swedish work on containment of antibiotic resistance – Tools, methods and experiences|publisher=Public Health Agency of Sweden|year=2014|isbn=978-91-7603-011-0|url=http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/pagefiles/17351/Swedish-work-on-containment-of-antibiotic-resistance.pdf|location=Stockholm|pages=16–17, 121–128|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-ekwu na AMR bụ otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu ahụike ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmepe, na-eche na AMR nje na-akpata kpọmkwem maka ọnwụ ụwa 1.27 nde na 2019 ma nyere aka na ọnwụ 4.95 nde. Ibu AMR buru ibu, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise na-anwụ kwa afọ metụtara ọrịa na-eguzogide. Ọrịa sitere na microbes AMR na-esiwanye ike ịgwọ ma na-achọkarị usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ dị oke ọnụ nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị njọ karịa. Ọzọkwa, WHO na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ na-adọ aka ná ntị na AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ ihe ruru nde 10 kwa afọ ka ọ na-erule 2050 ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ihe. Atumatu zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị ka oku maka nkwekọrịta AMR mba ụwa, na-ekwusi ike na mbọ achikọtara ọnụ iji gbochie ojiji n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, nweta ego nyocha, na inye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ mgbochi dị mkpa na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Agbanyeghị, ọrịa COVID-19 butere akụrụngwa yana nlebara anya sayensị pụọ na AMR, na-eme ka ihe ịma aka ahụ ka njọ.<ref name="pmid33772597">{{Cite journal|title=Key considerations on the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance research and surveillance|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=115|issue=10|pages=1122–1129|date=March 2021|pmid=33772597|doi=10.1093/trstmh/trab048}}</ref> == Nkọwa == [[Faịlụ:WhatIsDrugResistance.gif|alt=Diagram showing difference between non-resistance bacteria and drug resistant bacteria|thumb|300x300px|Eserese na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria na-adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụba, na mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ gasịrị, nje bacteria na-anwụ. Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụbakwa, ma na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, nje bacteria na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Drug Resistance?|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|work=niaid.nih.gov|accessdate=26 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727153042/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|archivedate=27 July 2015}}</ref>]] Iguzogide antimicrobial pụtara na microorganism na-eguzogide ọgwụ antimicrobian nke nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa site na microorganisme ahụ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Mgbochi bụ ihe onwunwe nke nje, ọ bụghị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na-ebute nje.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|title=CDC: Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work|publisher=Cdc.gov|accessdate=12 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180658/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|archivedate=29 April 2015|date=29 May 2018}}</ref> Ụdị nje niile nwere ike ịzụlite iguzogide ọgwụ. Ya mere, e nwere ọgwụ nje, antifungal, antiviral na antiparasitic resistance.<ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref><ref name="Saha_2021">{{Cite journal|title=Review on Multiple Facets of Drug Resistance: A Rising Challenge in the 21st Century|journal=Journal of Xenobiotics|volume=11|issue=4|pages=197–214|date=December 2021|pmid=34940513|doi=10.3390/jox11040013}}</ref> Mgbochi nje bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide a nke a na-ahụkarị na nje bacteria ma si otú a kewaa ya n'ime ihe abụọ ọzọ, microbiological na clinical. Nguzogide nje bacteria bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma na-esi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke gbanwere ma ọ bụ nke e ketara eketa, nke na-enye nje bacteria ohere iguzogide usoro igbu nje bacteria ndị metụtara ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide ahụike na-egosi ọdịda nke ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ebe nje bacteria ndị na-adịkarị mfe ịnweta ọgwụgwọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ mgbe ha lanarịrị nsonaazụ nke ọgwụgwọ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ abụọ nke nguzogide enwetara, nje bacteria nwere ike ịgafe ihe mkpali mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka nguzogide site na nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ: njikọ, transduction, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe. Nke a na-enye ohere ka nguzogide gbasaa n'otu ụdị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ ọbụna nje bacteria yiri ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 October 2017|title=Antibiotic resistance|journal=Medicine|volume=45|issue=10|pages=622–628|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.07.006}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == Akụkọ WHO wepụtara n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014 kwuru, sị, "ihe iyi egwu a dị oke njọ abụghịzi amụma maka ọdịnihu, ọ na-eme ugbu a n'akụkụ ụwa niile ma nwee ike imetụta onye ọ bụla, n'afọ ọ bụla, na mba ọ bụla. Mgbochi ọgwụ nje—mgbe nje bacteria gbanwere ka ọgwụ nje ghara ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ndị chọrọ ka ha gwọọ ọrịa—bụzi ihe iyi egwu dị ukwuu nye ahụike ọha na eze ugbu a. " Kwa afọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise nwụrụ anwụ na AMR n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> Na 2019, ọnwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na AMR ruru nde 1.27 na 2019. N'otu afọ ahụ, AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nde mmadụ ise, otu n'ime mmadụ ise nwụrụ n'ihi AMR bụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise. <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}</ref> N'ime afọ 2018, WHO lere iguzogide ọgwụ nje anya dị ka otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu kachasị ukwuu nye ahụike ụwa, nchekwa nri na mmepe. <ref name="AR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance|title=Antibiotic resistance|work=who.int|accessdate=2020-03-16|archivedate=21 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521035847/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance}}</ref> Ọnwụ ndị sitere na AMR dịgasị iche iche site na mpaghara: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ebe !Ọnwụ maka 100,000 nke AMR <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMurrayIkutaShararaSwetschinski2022">Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Robles Aguilar G, Gray A, et&nbsp;al. (Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators) (February 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 "Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis"]. ''Lancet''. '''399''' (10325): <span class="nowrap">629–</span>655. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 8841637]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35065702 35065702]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246077406 246077406].</cite></ref> |- |Ebe Ugwu Africa na Middle East |11.2 |- |Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ọwụwa Anwụ Eshia, na Oceania |11.7 |- |Latin America na Caribbean |14.4 |- |Ebe etiti na Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe na Ebe etiti Eshia |17.6 |- |Ndịda Eshia |21.5 |- |Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka |23.7 |} Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mgbochi na Njikwa Ọrịa nke Europe mere atụmatụ na n'afọ 2015, e nwere ọrịa 671,689 na EU na Mpaghara Akụ na ụba Europe nke nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje kpatara, nke butere ọnwụ 33,110. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwetara n'ebe nlekọta ahụike. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis|journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|volume=19|issue=1|pages=56–66|date=January 2019|pmid=30409683|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for over 33,000 deaths in Europe in 2015, study finds|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=The Pharmaceutical Journal|date=7 November 2018|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155238/https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds}}</ref> Na 2019, e nwere ọnwụ 133,000 nke AMR kpatara. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO European region in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis|journal=The Lancet. Public Health|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e897–e913|date=November 2022|pmid=36244350|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00225-0}}</ref> == Echiche Ahụike Otu == A maara iguzogide nje bacteria (AMR) nke ọma dị ka otu okwu ahụike, na-egosipụta njikọ dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Mmepe nke iguzogide nje bacteria a jikọtara ọnụ ma na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ngalaba, gụnyere ọgwụ mmadụ, ọgwụ anụmanụ na ọrụ ugbo. Ya mere, ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa. <ref name="Salam 1946">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=Md. Abdus|date=2023-07-05|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/13/1946|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=11|issue=13|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|issn=2227-9032|pmid=37444780}}</ref> Ụdị ngalaba dị iche iche dị mkpa iji ghọta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na AMR nwere na ahụike mmadụ n'ụwa niile. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyekwa aka na ịnọgide na-enwe na mgbasa nke AMR, ebe ihe fọdụrụ na nje bacteria na ihe ndị na-eguzogide nje nwere ike ịbanye n'ala na sistemụ mmiri site na mmiri ọrụ ugbo, mwepụ mmiri mkpofu, na iwepụ ọgwụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-05-20|title=STAT!Ref|journal=Choice Reviews Online|volume=52|issue=10|pages=52–5379-52-5379|doi=10.5860/choice.189510|issn=0009-4978}}</ref> Ịgwọ mgbochi nje bacteria site na otu usoro ahụike dị mkpa maka ibelata mmetụta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ ya, akụ na ụba, na gburugburu ebe obibi. == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == AMR na-akpatakarị site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe gabiga ókè . <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who "Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO"]. ''[[World Health Organization]]''. 10 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Ha na-amụpụta ma na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, ha nwekwara ike imeghari gburugburu ebe obibi ha ma gbanwee otú ha ga-esi dị ndụ nke ọma. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|date=2025|title=Antimicrobial resistance: Causes.|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes}}</ref> Ma, n'otu oge ahụ, ọtụtụ mmadụ gburugburu ụwa enweghị ike ịnweta ọgwụ nje dị mkpa. <ref name="WHO10October2024" /> Nke a na-eduga na nje bacteria ma na-agbanwe ihe nchebe megide ọgwụ eji agwọ ha, ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ụdị nje bacteria ndị nwere ihe mgbochi ebumpụta ụwa megide ọgwụ nje na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị karịa ndị a na-emeri ngwa ngwa site na ọgwụ. Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwekwara ike ime, nke ga-ekwe ka nje bacteria ahụ dị ndụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe mgbochi nje na-eme n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa ka oge na-aga, ojiji nke ihe mgbochi nje n'ọtụtụ ebe ma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ma n'èzí emeela ka iguzogide nje na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-enwe ike iguzogide ọgwụ nje ka oge na-aga site na mgbanwe eke, ịkọ ọgwụ nje gabigara ókè na ọgwụ nje na-ekwesịghị ekwesị emeela ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ. N'oge mgbanwe, mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, mgbanwe ndị a na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ikpughe. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] O kwere omume na ihe dị ka 1 n'ime ọgwụ atọ e dere maka ọgwụ nje adịghị mkpa. <ref name="CDC_2016">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-01|title=CDC Newsroom|url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html|accessdate=2023-02-28|work=CDC|archivedate=9 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309053532/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html}}</ref> Kwa afọ, a na-ede ihe dị ka nde 154 ọgwụ nje. N'ime ndị a, ihe ruru nde 46 adịghị mkpa ma ọ bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ọnọdụ onye ọrịa nwere. <ref name="CDC_2016" /> Microbes nwere ike ịmalite iguzogide site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eme n'oge nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ, ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe ndị a na-enweghị usoro dị ụkọ, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-amụpụta ugboro ugboro na ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ohere nke ndị bi na ya nweta mgbanwe nke na-eme ka iguzogide dịkwuo elu. <ref name="Michael_2014">{{Cite journal|title=The antimicrobial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|volume=2|date=2014|pmid=25279369|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00145}}</ref> N'adịghị ka nke ahụ, nnyocha na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na, n'adịghị ka ụdị ọdịnala nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ngwa ngwa, mycobacteria na-anọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike dị elu n'okpuru nrụgide ọgwụ nje, na-adabere na nnabata phenotypic na usoro ndozi DNA maka ndụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Genetic stability of Mycobacterium smegmatis under the stress of first-line antitubercular agents|journal=eLife|date=Nov 20, 2024|volume=13|issue=RP96695|doi=10.7554/eLife.96695.3|pmid=39565350|url=https://elifesciences.org/articles/96695}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Assessing the Impact of Bedaquiline, Clofazimine, and Linezolid on Mycobacterial Genome Integrity|journal=Biomolecules|date=15 November 2024|volume=14|issue=1451|doi=10.3390/biom14111451|pmid=39595627|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1451}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-akwụsị ịṅụ ọgwụ nje mgbe ha malitere inwe mmetụta dị mma. Mgbe nke a mere, o kwere omume na nje ndị na-adịghị mfe ọgwụgwọ ka na-anọgide n'ime ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na nje ndị a enwee ike ịnọgide na-amụ nwa, nke a nwere ike ibute ọrịa site na nje bacteria ndị na-adịghị mfe ịnweta ma ọ bụ ọbụna iguzogide ọgwụ nje. <ref name="Michael_2014" /> Ụmụ nje nwekwara ike ịnweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa site n'aka ibe ha, nke na-eme ka ha ghara iguzogide ọgwụ. Bakteria ndị nwere DNA na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-ebufekarị otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị a na nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. Ha nwere ike ịmụba ma too nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|title=Archived copy|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.|date=2022|title=What causes antimicrobial resistance?|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> Usoro a, nke a maara dị ka nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'etiti ụdị nje bacteria dị iche iche site na usoro dị ka njikọ, mgbanwe, na transduction. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Michaelis|first=Claudia|date=2023-02-04|title=Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms|journal=Antibiotics|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.3390/antibiotics12020328|issn=2079-6382|pmid=36830238}}</ref> Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje site n'ịgbanwe onwe ha ma ọ bụ inweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iguzogide nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. N'ime afọ 20 gara aga, iguzogide nje (AMR) etoola, na-eme ka ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ọrịa iku ume, ọrịa urinary tract, STDs, na ụkwara nta sie ike ịgwọ. A naghị emepụta ọgwụ nje ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị emee ihe ọ bụla, anyị nwere ike ịbanye "oge mgbe ọgwụ nje gasịrị" ebe a na-apụghị ịgwọ ụfọdụ ọrịa. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}</ref> AMR na-eme ka ọrịa sikwuo ike ma dị oke ọnụ iji gwọọ. Ojiji ọgwụ nje kwesịrị ekwesị—ọgwụ ziri ezi, dose, na oge ọ ga-ewe—na ịdị ọcha siri ike n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị mkpa. Ịlụso AMR ọgụ chọrọ mmekorita n'etiti gọọmentị, ndị ọrụ ahụike, ndị nchọpụta, ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo, na ọha na eze site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, nlekota iguzogide, igbochi ọgwụ nje n'ime anụmanụ, na imeziwanye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ, ọgwụ mgbochi, na ule. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> Mgbochi bụ usoro kachasị dị irè. Tinyere iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, ọ dị mkpa maka ọgwụ ọhụrụ, ọgwụgwọ ọzọ, nchọpụta ka mma, na ọgwụ mgbochi. Ọ bụrụ na a naghị eme ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma, usoro ọgwụgwọ dị mkpa dịka ịwa ahụ, mgbanwe akụkụ ahụ, nlekọta ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ, na ọgwụgwọ kansa nwere ike ịnọ n'ihe ize ndụ. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> === Ihe ndị sitere n'okike === [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_Resistance_Spread.jpg|thumb|Ihe omuma CDC banyere otu ihe mgbochi nje si eme ma gbasaa]] AMR bụ usoro ebumpụta ụwa. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/ "About Antimicrobial Resistance"]. ''US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]''. 22 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbochi nje nwere ike ịmalite n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa n'ihi na ọ na-aga n'ihu na-enweta ọgwụ nje. Nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa pụtara na ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ike imeghari na gburugburu ha, dị ndụ, ma nọgide na-amụ ụmụ. <ref name="NS">{{Cite web|url=https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25|title=Natural selection|work=evolution.berkeley.edu|accessdate=2020-03-10|archivedate=30 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030201404/https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ụdị nje ndị na-adị ndụ ka oge na-aga site n'aka ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje ga-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-enweghị mgbochi a ga-aghọkwa ndị na-adịghịzi arụ ọrụ. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHolmesMooreSundsfjordSteinbakk2016">Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, et&nbsp;al. (January 2016). [http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx "Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance"]. ''Lancet''. '''387''' (10014): <span class="nowrap">176–</span>87. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:10044/1/32225|10044/1/32225]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26603922 26603922]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1944665 1944665]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220414151453/http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx Archived] from the original on 14 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ụfọdụ ọgwụ mgbochi nje nke oge a agbanweela n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa tupu e jiri ọgwụ nje ndị mmadụ na-eji eme ihe n'ụlọọgwụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ mgbochi methicillin gbanwere dị ka ọgwụ nje nke hedgehogs, ikekwe dị ka mgbanwe nke nje ahụ na hedgehogs nke dermatophyte nke na-emepụta ọgwụ nje na-ebute. <ref name="MR">{{Cite journal|title=Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics|journal=Nature|volume=602|issue=7895|pages=135–141|date=February 2022|pmid=34987223|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04265-w}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ero na nje bacteria dị n'ala bụ ndị na-asọmpi n'okike, penisilini ọgwụ nje mbụ nke Alexander Fleming chọpụtara furu efu ngwa ngwa n'ịgwọ ụmụ mmadụ, nakwa na ọ dịghị penisilini ndị ọzọ e kere eke (F, K, N, X, O, U1 ma ọ bụ U6) a na-eji ugbu a n'ụlọ ọgwụ. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">achọrọ ntụaka</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Enwere ike inweta nguzogide nje site na nje ndị ọzọ site na ịgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'usoro a na-akpọ nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ. Nke a pụtara na ozugbo mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje pụtara n'ime obodo nje, ọ nwere ike gbasaa gaa na nje ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ahụ, nke nwere ike isi na nje ndị na-abụghị ọrịa pụta gaa na nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa. Usoro a na-akwalite nke ukwuu site na usoro nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa nke na-eme n'oge ojiji ọgwụ nje ma ọ bụ iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome|journal=Gut Microbes|volume=14|issue=1|date=2022-12-31|pmid=35332832|doi=10.1080/19490976.2022.2055944}}</ref> Ka oge na-aga, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na ọrịa ndị dị na ya ga-abụ ụdị nke na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje a na-eji agwọ ha, nke na-eme ka ihe a ghara ịdị irè ugbu a imeri ọtụtụ nje bacteria. Site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, a na-eme ka usoro okike a dịkwuo ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Ferri_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Antimicrobial resistance: A global emerging threat to public health systems|journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition|volume=57|issue=13|pages=2857–2876|date=September 2017|pmid=26464037|doi=10.1080/10408398.2015.1077192}}</ref> === Ọgwụ onwe onye === N'ọtụtụ mba, naanị dọkịta nwere ike ịnye ọgwụ nje, ụlọ ọgwụ na-enyekwa ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Database for Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Country Self- Assessment Survey (TrACSS)|url=http://amrcountryprogress.org/|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=amrcountryprogress.org|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328115257/http://amrcountryprogress.org/}}</ref> A na-akọwa ọgwụ ndị ahịa na-aṅụ n'onwe ha dị ka "ịṅụ ọgwụ n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ n'uche onye ọzọ, onye na-abụghị ọkachamara ahụike nwere asambodo", a chọpụtakwala ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi kpatara mmepe nke iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="Rather_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention|journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences|volume=24|issue=4|pages=808–812|date=May 2017|pmid=28490950|doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004}}</ref> Ịgwọ onwe onye site na iji ọgwụ nje bụ ụzọ na-adịghị mma iji ha mana ọ bụ ihe a na-emekarị na mba ndị nwere oke akụrụngwa. Omume a na-ekpughe ndị mmadụ n'ihe ize ndụ nke nje bacteria ndị mepụtara iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="nft1">{{Cite journal|title=Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review|journal=Public Health|volume=168|pages=92–101|date=March 2019|pmid=30716570|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-eji nke a eme ihe n'ihi mkpa, mgbe enweghị ohere ịgakwuru dọkịta, ma ọ bụ mgbe ndị ọrịa nwere obere oge ma ọ bụ ego iji hụ dọkịta. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies|journal=Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control|volume=6|issue=1|date=2017-05-15|pmid=28515903|doi=10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x}}</ref> Mmụba a na-eme ka ọ dị mfe inweta ọgwụ nje. Ihe atụ bụ India, ebe na steeti Punjab, 73% nke ndị mmadụ malitere ịgwọ obere nsogbu ahụike ha na ọrịa ndị na-adịghị ala ala site na ọgwụ onwe onye. <ref name="Rather_2017" /> Ọgwụ onwe onye dị elu karịa n'èzí ụlọ ọgwụ, nke a na-ejikọkwa ya na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, ebe a na-eji ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'obodo kama iji ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje n'ụlọ ọgwụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgwụ onwe onye na mba ndị nwere obere ego na etiti (LMICs) sitere na 8.1% ruo 93%. Nnweta, ọnụ ahịa, na ọnọdụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ, yana omume ịchọ ahụike, bụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ọgwụ onwe onye na mba ndị nwere obere ego na etiti. <ref name="nft1">{{Cite journal|title=Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review|journal=Public Health|volume=168|pages=92–101|date=March 2019|pmid=30716570|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTorresChibiMiddletonSolomon2019">Torres NF, Chibi B, Middleton LE, Solomon VP, Mashamba-Thompson TP (March 2019). "Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review". ''Public Health''. '''168''': <span class="nowrap">92–</span>101. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018|10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30716570 30716570]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73434085 73434085].</cite></ref> Nsogbu abụọ dị mkpa na ọgwụ onwe onye bụ enweghị ihe ọmụma banyere ọha na eze na, nke mbụ, mmetụta dị ize ndụ nke ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje (dịka ọmụmaatụ ciprofloxacin nke nwere ike ibute tendonitis, mgbawa akwara na [[Aortic dissection|mwepụ aorta]] ) <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Do fluoroquinolones increase aortic aneurysm or dissection incidence and mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine|volume=9|date=2022-08-09|pmid=36017083|doi=10.3389/fcvm.2022.949538}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Fluoroquinolone-associated suspected tendonitis and tendon rupture: A pharmacovigilance analysis from 2016 to 2021 based on the FAERS database|journal=Frontiers in Pharmacology|volume=13|date=2022-09-06|pmid=36147351|doi=10.3389/fphar.2022.990241}}</ref> na, nke abụọ, iguzogide nje bacteria sara mbara na mgbe a ga-achọ nlekọta ahụike ma ọ bụrụ na ọrịa ahụ anaghị ehichapụ. Iji chọpụta ihe ọmụma ọha na eze na echiche ha nwere banyere iguzogide ọgwụ nje, e mere nyocha nke isiokwu 3,537 e bipụtara na Europe, Asia, na North America. N'ime mmadụ 55,225 a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ n'isiokwu ndị a, pasentị iri asaa (70%) anụla maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje na mbụ, mana pasentị iri asatọ na asatọ (88%) n'ime ndị ahụ chere na ọ na-ezo aka n'ụdị mgbanwe anụ ahụ n'ahụ mmadụ. <ref name="Rather_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention|journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences|volume=24|issue=4|pages=808–812|date=May 2017|pmid=28490950|doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRatherKimBajpaiPark2017">Rather IA, Kim BC, Bajpai VK, Park YH (May 2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5415144 "Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention"]. ''Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences''. '''24''' (4): <span class="nowrap">808–</span>812. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004|10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5415144 5415144]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28490950 28490950].</cite></ref> === Iji ọgwụ eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi === Mmebi iwu nke ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike na-eme bụ ihe ọzọ na-akpata mmụba nke iguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nnyocha emere na US na-egosi na ihe ngosi maka ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, nhọrọ nke ọgwụ ejiri mee ihe, na oge ọgwụgwọ ezighi ezi ruo 50% nke ikpe ndị a mụrụ. <ref name="The antibiotic resistance crisis: p" /> N'ime afọ 2010 n'afọ 2011 ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọgwụ nje na-enye n'ebe ndị na- anaghị anabata ọgwụ na United States adịghị mkpa. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=May 2016|title=Prevalence of Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescriptions Among US Ambulatory Care Visits, 2010–2011|journal=JAMA|volume=315|issue=17|pages=1864–73|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.4151|pmid=27139059}}</ref> Nnyocha ọzọ emere n'otu ngalaba nlekọta kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na France egosila na pasentị 30 ruo 60 nke ọgwụ nje e nyere ọgwụ adịghị mkpa. <ref name="The antibiotic resistance crisis: p">{{Cite journal|title=The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats|journal=P & T|volume=40|issue=4|pages=277–83|date=April 2015|pmid=25859123}}</ref> Ojiji ndị a na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke ọgwụ nje na-akwalite mmepe nke iguzogide nje site n'ịkwado nje bacteria na mmepe nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eduga na iguzogide. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Whys and Wherefores of Antibiotic Resistance|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|volume=7|issue=2|date=February 2017|pmid=27793964|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a025171}}</ref> Dịka nnyocha e mere na mba Amerịka si kwuo, nke bu n'obi inyocha echiche na ihe ọmụma ndị dọkịta nwere gbasara iguzogide nje na ebe a na-agagharị agagharị, naanị pasentị iri isii na atọ nke ndị a nyochachara kọrọ na iguzogide nje bụ nsogbu n'ọrụ ha n'ógbè ahụ, ebe pasentị iri abụọ na atọ kọrọ na ọgwụ nje na-enye ọgwụ nje dịka ọ dị mkpa iji zere ịghara inye nlekọta zuru oke.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Physicians' attitude and knowledge regarding antibiotic use and resistance in ambulatory settings|journal=American Journal of Infection Control|volume=47|issue=8|pages=864–868|date=August 2019|pmid=30926215|doi=10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.009}}</ref> Nke a na-egosi na ọtụtụ ndị dọkịta na-eleda mmetụta nke àgwà ha na-enye ọgwụ anya na-enwe n'igbochi nje n'ozuzu ya. Ọ na-egosikwa na ụfọdụ ndị dọkịta nwere ike ịkpachara anya nke ukwuu ma nye ọgwụ nje maka ihe gbasara ahụike ma ọ bụ iwu, ọbụlagodi mgbe a naghị akwado ihe ngosi ahụike maka iji ọgwụ ndị a mgbe niile. Nke a nwere ike ibute ojiji ọgwụ nje na-enweghị isi, usoro nke nwere ike ịka njọ n'oge ọrịa COVID-19.<ref name="Joshi">{{Cite journal|title=Don't let Covid boost another killer|journal=Knowable Magazine|date=17 February 2021|doi=10.1146/knowable-021621-1|url=https://knowablemagazine.org/article/health-disease/2021/antibiotic-resistance-covid|accessdate=10 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Bacterial and Fungal Coinfection in Individuals With Coronavirus: A Rapid Review To Support COVID-19 Antimicrobial Prescribing|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=71|issue=9|pages=2459–2468|date=December 2020|pmid=32358954|doi=10.1093/cid/ciaa530}}</ref> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cr171tywile7neie8d67qnlagvfe6wd 632378 632377 2026-05-09T10:01:20Z Bigcee007 24507 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349560866|Antimicrobial resistance]]" 632378 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_sensitivity_and_resistance.jpg|alt=Two petri dishes with antibiotic resistance tests|thumb|Nnwale iguzogide ọgwụ nje : A na-agbanye nje bacteria na ihe siri ike na efere Petri na diski akwụkwọ na-edobe n'elu, nke ọ bụla na-agbanye ọgwụ nje dị iche iche. Mgbanaka doro anya, dị ka ndị dị n'aka ekpe, na-egosi na nje bacteria etobeghị gburugburu diski, na-egosi na nje bacteria ndị a adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria ndị dị n'aka nri na-eguzogide nke ọma atọ n'ime asaa ma na-eguzogide ọgwụ abụọ n'ime ọgwụ nje asaa a nwalere ]] '''Mgbochi nje''' ( '''AMR''' ma ọ bụ '''AR''' ) na-eme mgbe nje bacteria na-agbanwe usoro ndị na-echebe ha pụọ na ọgwụ nje, nke bụ ọgwụ e ji agwọ ọrịa n'ime mmadụ, anụmanụ, na osisi. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=World Health Organization (WHO)|date=November 21, 2023|title=Antimicrobial resistance.|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Nje bacteria ọ bụla nwere ike inwe iguzogide, gụnyere nje bacteria ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje virus ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje bacteria (nguzogide '''nje''' ), na fungi ( '''nguzogide nje''' ). N'otu aka ahụ, mgbanwe ndị a na-adaba n'okpuru nche anwụ AMR, na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka nye ahụike n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na njikwa na-ezighi ezi bụ isi ihe na-akpata iguzogide a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwekwara ike ime n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mgbasa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eguzogide ọgwụ. <ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref> A na-akpọ nje bacteria ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche ọgwụ dị iche iche (MDR) ma a na-akpọkwa ha superbugs mgbe ụfọdụ. <ref name="Magiorakos">{{Cite journal|date=March 2012|title=Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=18|issue=3|pages=268–281|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x|pmid=21793988}}</ref> Mgbochi ọgwụ nje, obere mpaghara AMR, na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, na-akpaghasị njikwa ọrịa na nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Nguzogide na-ebilite site na ngbanwe na mberede, mbufe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, yana mmụba nke nhọrọ site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe, ma na ọgwụ na ọrụ ugbo, nke na-eme ka mmepe nguzogide dị ngwa ngwa.<ref name="MP">{{Cite journal|title=Global antibiotic resistance is mostly periodic|journal=Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance|volume=7|pages=132–134|date=December 2016|pmid=27788414|doi=10.1016/j.jgar.2016.09.003}}</ref> Usoro mgbochi, dị ka iji ọgwụ nje dị warara na-eme ka usoro ịdị ọcha dịkwuo mma, bu n'obi ibelata mgbasa nke nguzogide.<ref name="Swedish">{{Cite book|title=Swedish work on containment of antibiotic resistance – Tools, methods and experiences|publisher=Public Health Agency of Sweden|year=2014|isbn=978-91-7603-011-0|url=http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/pagefiles/17351/Swedish-work-on-containment-of-antibiotic-resistance.pdf|location=Stockholm|pages=16–17, 121–128|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-ekwu na AMR bụ otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu ahụike ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmepe, na-eche na AMR nje na-akpata kpọmkwem maka ọnwụ ụwa 1.27 nde na 2019 ma nyere aka na ọnwụ 4.95 nde. Ibu AMR buru ibu, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise na-anwụ kwa afọ metụtara ọrịa na-eguzogide. Ọrịa sitere na microbes AMR na-esiwanye ike ịgwọ ma na-achọkarị usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ dị oke ọnụ nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị njọ karịa. Ọzọkwa, WHO na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ na-adọ aka ná ntị na AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ ihe ruru nde 10 kwa afọ ka ọ na-erule 2050 ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ihe. Atumatu zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị ka oku maka nkwekọrịta AMR mba ụwa, na-ekwusi ike na mbọ achikọtara ọnụ iji gbochie ojiji n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, nweta ego nyocha, na inye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ mgbochi dị mkpa na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Agbanyeghị, ọrịa COVID-19 butere akụrụngwa yana nlebara anya sayensị pụọ na AMR, na-eme ka ihe ịma aka ahụ ka njọ.<ref name="pmid33772597">{{Cite journal|title=Key considerations on the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance research and surveillance|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=115|issue=10|pages=1122–1129|date=March 2021|pmid=33772597|doi=10.1093/trstmh/trab048}}</ref> == Nkọwa == [[Faịlụ:WhatIsDrugResistance.gif|alt=Diagram showing difference between non-resistance bacteria and drug resistant bacteria|thumb|300x300px|Eserese na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria na-adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụba, na mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ gasịrị, nje bacteria na-anwụ. Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụbakwa, ma na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, nje bacteria na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Drug Resistance?|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|work=niaid.nih.gov|accessdate=26 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727153042/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|archivedate=27 July 2015}}</ref>]] Iguzogide antimicrobial pụtara na microorganism na-eguzogide ọgwụ antimicrobian nke nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa site na microorganisme ahụ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Mgbochi bụ ihe onwunwe nke nje, ọ bụghị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na-ebute nje.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|title=CDC: Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work|publisher=Cdc.gov|accessdate=12 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180658/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|archivedate=29 April 2015|date=29 May 2018}}</ref> Ụdị nje niile nwere ike ịzụlite iguzogide ọgwụ. Ya mere, e nwere ọgwụ nje, antifungal, antiviral na antiparasitic resistance.<ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref><ref name="Saha_2021">{{Cite journal|title=Review on Multiple Facets of Drug Resistance: A Rising Challenge in the 21st Century|journal=Journal of Xenobiotics|volume=11|issue=4|pages=197–214|date=December 2021|pmid=34940513|doi=10.3390/jox11040013}}</ref> Mgbochi nje bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide a nke a na-ahụkarị na nje bacteria ma si otú a kewaa ya n'ime ihe abụọ ọzọ, microbiological na clinical. Nguzogide nje bacteria bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma na-esi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke gbanwere ma ọ bụ nke e ketara eketa, nke na-enye nje bacteria ohere iguzogide usoro igbu nje bacteria ndị metụtara ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide ahụike na-egosi ọdịda nke ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ebe nje bacteria ndị na-adịkarị mfe ịnweta ọgwụgwọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ mgbe ha lanarịrị nsonaazụ nke ọgwụgwọ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ abụọ nke nguzogide enwetara, nje bacteria nwere ike ịgafe ihe mkpali mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka nguzogide site na nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ: njikọ, transduction, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe. Nke a na-enye ohere ka nguzogide gbasaa n'otu ụdị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ ọbụna nje bacteria yiri ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 October 2017|title=Antibiotic resistance|journal=Medicine|volume=45|issue=10|pages=622–628|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.07.006}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == Akụkọ WHO wepụtara n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014 kwuru, sị, "ihe iyi egwu a dị oke njọ abụghịzi amụma maka ọdịnihu, ọ na-eme ugbu a n'akụkụ ụwa niile ma nwee ike imetụta onye ọ bụla, n'afọ ọ bụla, na mba ọ bụla. Mgbochi ọgwụ nje—mgbe nje bacteria gbanwere ka ọgwụ nje ghara ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ndị chọrọ ka ha gwọọ ọrịa—bụzi ihe iyi egwu dị ukwuu nye ahụike ọha na eze ugbu a. " Kwa afọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise nwụrụ anwụ na AMR n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> Na 2019, ọnwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na AMR ruru nde 1.27 na 2019. N'otu afọ ahụ, AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nde mmadụ ise, otu n'ime mmadụ ise nwụrụ n'ihi AMR bụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise. <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}</ref> N'ime afọ 2018, WHO lere iguzogide ọgwụ nje anya dị ka otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu kachasị ukwuu nye ahụike ụwa, nchekwa nri na mmepe. <ref name="AR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance|title=Antibiotic resistance|work=who.int|accessdate=2020-03-16|archivedate=21 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521035847/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance}}</ref> Ọnwụ ndị sitere na AMR dịgasị iche iche site na mpaghara: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ebe !Ọnwụ maka 100,000 nke AMR <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMurrayIkutaShararaSwetschinski2022">Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Robles Aguilar G, Gray A, et&nbsp;al. (Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators) (February 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 "Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis"]. ''Lancet''. '''399''' (10325): <span class="nowrap">629–</span>655. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 8841637]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35065702 35065702]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246077406 246077406].</cite></ref> |- |Ebe Ugwu Africa na Middle East |11.2 |- |Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ọwụwa Anwụ Eshia, na Oceania |11.7 |- |Latin America na Caribbean |14.4 |- |Ebe etiti na Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe na Ebe etiti Eshia |17.6 |- |Ndịda Eshia |21.5 |- |Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka |23.7 |} Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mgbochi na Njikwa Ọrịa nke Europe mere atụmatụ na n'afọ 2015, e nwere ọrịa 671,689 na EU na Mpaghara Akụ na ụba Europe nke nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje kpatara, nke butere ọnwụ 33,110. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwetara n'ebe nlekọta ahụike. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis|journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|volume=19|issue=1|pages=56–66|date=January 2019|pmid=30409683|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for over 33,000 deaths in Europe in 2015, study finds|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=The Pharmaceutical Journal|date=7 November 2018|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155238/https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds}}</ref> Na 2019, e nwere ọnwụ 133,000 nke AMR kpatara. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO European region in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis|journal=The Lancet. Public Health|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e897–e913|date=November 2022|pmid=36244350|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00225-0}}</ref> == Echiche Ahụike Otu == A maara iguzogide nje bacteria (AMR) nke ọma dị ka otu okwu ahụike, na-egosipụta njikọ dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Mmepe nke iguzogide nje bacteria a jikọtara ọnụ ma na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ngalaba, gụnyere ọgwụ mmadụ, ọgwụ anụmanụ na ọrụ ugbo. Ya mere, ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa. <ref name="Salam 1946">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=Md. Abdus|date=2023-07-05|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/13/1946|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=11|issue=13|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|issn=2227-9032|pmid=37444780}}</ref> Ụdị ngalaba dị iche iche dị mkpa iji ghọta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na AMR nwere na ahụike mmadụ n'ụwa niile. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyekwa aka na ịnọgide na-enwe na mgbasa nke AMR, ebe ihe fọdụrụ na nje bacteria na ihe ndị na-eguzogide nje nwere ike ịbanye n'ala na sistemụ mmiri site na mmiri ọrụ ugbo, mwepụ mmiri mkpofu, na iwepụ ọgwụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-05-20|title=STAT!Ref|journal=Choice Reviews Online|volume=52|issue=10|pages=52–5379-52-5379|doi=10.5860/choice.189510|issn=0009-4978}}</ref> Ịgwọ mgbochi nje bacteria site na otu usoro ahụike dị mkpa maka ibelata mmetụta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ ya, akụ na ụba, na gburugburu ebe obibi. == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == AMR na-akpatakarị site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe gabiga ókè . <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who "Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO"]. ''[[World Health Organization]]''. 10 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Ha na-amụpụta ma na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, ha nwekwara ike imeghari gburugburu ebe obibi ha ma gbanwee otú ha ga-esi dị ndụ nke ọma. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|date=2025|title=Antimicrobial resistance: Causes.|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes}}</ref> Ma, n'otu oge ahụ, ọtụtụ mmadụ gburugburu ụwa enweghị ike ịnweta ọgwụ nje dị mkpa. <ref name="WHO10October2024" /> Nke a na-eduga na nje bacteria ma na-agbanwe ihe nchebe megide ọgwụ eji agwọ ha, ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ụdị nje bacteria ndị nwere ihe mgbochi ebumpụta ụwa megide ọgwụ nje na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị karịa ndị a na-emeri ngwa ngwa site na ọgwụ. Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwekwara ike ime, nke ga-ekwe ka nje bacteria ahụ dị ndụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe mgbochi nje na-eme n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa ka oge na-aga, ojiji nke ihe mgbochi nje n'ọtụtụ ebe ma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ma n'èzí emeela ka iguzogide nje na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-enwe ike iguzogide ọgwụ nje ka oge na-aga site na mgbanwe eke, ịkọ ọgwụ nje gabigara ókè na ọgwụ nje na-ekwesịghị ekwesị emeela ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ. N'oge mgbanwe, mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, mgbanwe ndị a na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ikpughe. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] O kwere omume na ihe dị ka 1 n'ime ọgwụ atọ e dere maka ọgwụ nje adịghị mkpa. <ref name="CDC_2016">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-01|title=CDC Newsroom|url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html|accessdate=2023-02-28|work=CDC|archivedate=9 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309053532/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html}}</ref> Kwa afọ, a na-ede ihe dị ka nde 154 ọgwụ nje. N'ime ndị a, ihe ruru nde 46 adịghị mkpa ma ọ bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ọnọdụ onye ọrịa nwere. <ref name="CDC_2016" /> Microbes nwere ike ịmalite iguzogide site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eme n'oge nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ, ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe ndị a na-enweghị usoro dị ụkọ, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-amụpụta ugboro ugboro na ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ohere nke ndị bi na ya nweta mgbanwe nke na-eme ka iguzogide dịkwuo elu. <ref name="Michael_2014">{{Cite journal|title=The antimicrobial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|volume=2|date=2014|pmid=25279369|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00145}}</ref> N'adịghị ka nke ahụ, nnyocha na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na, n'adịghị ka ụdị ọdịnala nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ngwa ngwa, mycobacteria na-anọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike dị elu n'okpuru nrụgide ọgwụ nje, na-adabere na nnabata phenotypic na usoro ndozi DNA maka ndụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Genetic stability of Mycobacterium smegmatis under the stress of first-line antitubercular agents|journal=eLife|date=Nov 20, 2024|volume=13|issue=RP96695|doi=10.7554/eLife.96695.3|pmid=39565350|url=https://elifesciences.org/articles/96695}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Assessing the Impact of Bedaquiline, Clofazimine, and Linezolid on Mycobacterial Genome Integrity|journal=Biomolecules|date=15 November 2024|volume=14|issue=1451|doi=10.3390/biom14111451|pmid=39595627|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1451}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-akwụsị ịṅụ ọgwụ nje mgbe ha malitere inwe mmetụta dị mma. Mgbe nke a mere, o kwere omume na nje ndị na-adịghị mfe ọgwụgwọ ka na-anọgide n'ime ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na nje ndị a enwee ike ịnọgide na-amụ nwa, nke a nwere ike ibute ọrịa site na nje bacteria ndị na-adịghị mfe ịnweta ma ọ bụ ọbụna iguzogide ọgwụ nje. <ref name="Michael_2014" /> Ụmụ nje nwekwara ike ịnweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa site n'aka ibe ha, nke na-eme ka ha ghara iguzogide ọgwụ. Bakteria ndị nwere DNA na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-ebufekarị otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị a na nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. Ha nwere ike ịmụba ma too nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|title=Archived copy|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.|date=2022|title=What causes antimicrobial resistance?|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> Usoro a, nke a maara dị ka nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'etiti ụdị nje bacteria dị iche iche site na usoro dị ka njikọ, mgbanwe, na transduction. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Michaelis|first=Claudia|date=2023-02-04|title=Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms|journal=Antibiotics|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.3390/antibiotics12020328|issn=2079-6382|pmid=36830238}}</ref> Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje site n'ịgbanwe onwe ha ma ọ bụ inweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iguzogide nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. N'ime afọ 20 gara aga, iguzogide nje (AMR) etoola, na-eme ka ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ọrịa iku ume, ọrịa urinary tract, STDs, na ụkwara nta sie ike ịgwọ. A naghị emepụta ọgwụ nje ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị emee ihe ọ bụla, anyị nwere ike ịbanye "oge mgbe ọgwụ nje gasịrị" ebe a na-apụghị ịgwọ ụfọdụ ọrịa. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}</ref> AMR na-eme ka ọrịa sikwuo ike ma dị oke ọnụ iji gwọọ. Ojiji ọgwụ nje kwesịrị ekwesị—ọgwụ ziri ezi, dose, na oge ọ ga-ewe—na ịdị ọcha siri ike n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị mkpa. Ịlụso AMR ọgụ chọrọ mmekorita n'etiti gọọmentị, ndị ọrụ ahụike, ndị nchọpụta, ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo, na ọha na eze site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, nlekota iguzogide, igbochi ọgwụ nje n'ime anụmanụ, na imeziwanye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ, ọgwụ mgbochi, na ule. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> Mgbochi bụ usoro kachasị dị irè. Tinyere iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, ọ dị mkpa maka ọgwụ ọhụrụ, ọgwụgwọ ọzọ, nchọpụta ka mma, na ọgwụ mgbochi. Ọ bụrụ na a naghị eme ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma, usoro ọgwụgwọ dị mkpa dịka ịwa ahụ, mgbanwe akụkụ ahụ, nlekọta ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ, na ọgwụgwọ kansa nwere ike ịnọ n'ihe ize ndụ. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> === Ihe ndị sitere n'okike === [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_Resistance_Spread.jpg|thumb|Ihe omuma CDC banyere otu ihe mgbochi nje si eme ma gbasaa]] AMR bụ usoro ebumpụta ụwa. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/ "About Antimicrobial Resistance"]. ''US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]''. 22 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbochi nje nwere ike ịmalite n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa n'ihi na ọ na-aga n'ihu na-enweta ọgwụ nje. Nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa pụtara na ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ike imeghari na gburugburu ha, dị ndụ, ma nọgide na-amụ ụmụ. <ref name="NS">{{Cite web|url=https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25|title=Natural selection|work=evolution.berkeley.edu|accessdate=2020-03-10|archivedate=30 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030201404/https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ụdị nje ndị na-adị ndụ ka oge na-aga site n'aka ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje ga-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-enweghị mgbochi a ga-aghọkwa ndị na-adịghịzi arụ ọrụ. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHolmesMooreSundsfjordSteinbakk2016">Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, et&nbsp;al. (January 2016). [http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx "Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance"]. ''Lancet''. '''387''' (10014): <span class="nowrap">176–</span>87. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:10044/1/32225|10044/1/32225]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26603922 26603922]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1944665 1944665]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220414151453/http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx Archived] from the original on 14 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ụfọdụ ọgwụ mgbochi nje nke oge a agbanweela n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa tupu e jiri ọgwụ nje ndị mmadụ na-eji eme ihe n'ụlọọgwụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ mgbochi methicillin gbanwere dị ka ọgwụ nje nke hedgehogs, ikekwe dị ka mgbanwe nke nje ahụ na hedgehogs nke dermatophyte nke na-emepụta ọgwụ nje na-ebute. <ref name="MR">{{Cite journal|title=Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics|journal=Nature|volume=602|issue=7895|pages=135–141|date=February 2022|pmid=34987223|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04265-w}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ero na nje bacteria dị n'ala bụ ndị na-asọmpi n'okike, penisilini ọgwụ nje mbụ nke Alexander Fleming chọpụtara furu efu ngwa ngwa n'ịgwọ ụmụ mmadụ, nakwa na ọ dịghị penisilini ndị ọzọ e kere eke (F, K, N, X, O, U1 ma ọ bụ U6) a na-eji ugbu a n'ụlọ ọgwụ. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">achọrọ ntụaka</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Enwere ike inweta nguzogide nje site na nje ndị ọzọ site na ịgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'usoro a na-akpọ nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ. Nke a pụtara na ozugbo mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje pụtara n'ime obodo nje, ọ nwere ike gbasaa gaa na nje ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ahụ, nke nwere ike isi na nje ndị na-abụghị ọrịa pụta gaa na nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa. Usoro a na-akwalite nke ukwuu site na usoro nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa nke na-eme n'oge ojiji ọgwụ nje ma ọ bụ iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome|journal=Gut Microbes|volume=14|issue=1|date=2022-12-31|pmid=35332832|doi=10.1080/19490976.2022.2055944}}</ref> Ka oge na-aga, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na ọrịa ndị dị na ya ga-abụ ụdị nke na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje a na-eji agwọ ha, nke na-eme ka ihe a ghara ịdị irè ugbu a imeri ọtụtụ nje bacteria. Site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, a na-eme ka usoro okike a dịkwuo ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Ferri_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Antimicrobial resistance: A global emerging threat to public health systems|journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition|volume=57|issue=13|pages=2857–2876|date=September 2017|pmid=26464037|doi=10.1080/10408398.2015.1077192}}</ref> === Ọgwụ onwe onye === N'ọtụtụ mba, naanị dọkịta nwere ike ịnye ọgwụ nje, ụlọ ọgwụ na-enyekwa ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Database for Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Country Self- Assessment Survey (TrACSS)|url=http://amrcountryprogress.org/|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=amrcountryprogress.org|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328115257/http://amrcountryprogress.org/}}</ref> A na-akọwa ọgwụ ndị ahịa na-aṅụ n'onwe ha dị ka "ịṅụ ọgwụ n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ n'uche onye ọzọ, onye na-abụghị ọkachamara ahụike nwere asambodo", a chọpụtakwala ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi kpatara mmepe nke iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="Rather_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention|journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences|volume=24|issue=4|pages=808–812|date=May 2017|pmid=28490950|doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004}}</ref> Ịgwọ onwe onye site na iji ọgwụ nje bụ ụzọ na-adịghị mma iji ha mana ọ bụ ihe a na-emekarị na mba ndị nwere oke akụrụngwa. Omume a na-ekpughe ndị mmadụ n'ihe ize ndụ nke nje bacteria ndị mepụtara iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="nft1">{{Cite journal|title=Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review|journal=Public Health|volume=168|pages=92–101|date=March 2019|pmid=30716570|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-eji nke a eme ihe n'ihi mkpa, mgbe enweghị ohere ịgakwuru dọkịta, ma ọ bụ mgbe ndị ọrịa nwere obere oge ma ọ bụ ego iji hụ dọkịta. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies|journal=Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control|volume=6|issue=1|date=2017-05-15|pmid=28515903|doi=10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x}}</ref> Mmụba a na-eme ka ọ dị mfe inweta ọgwụ nje. Ihe atụ bụ India, ebe na steeti Punjab, 73% nke ndị mmadụ malitere ịgwọ obere nsogbu ahụike ha na ọrịa ndị na-adịghị ala ala site na ọgwụ onwe onye. <ref name="Rather_2017" /> Ọgwụ onwe onye dị elu karịa n'èzí ụlọ ọgwụ, nke a na-ejikọkwa ya na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, ebe a na-eji ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'obodo kama iji ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje n'ụlọ ọgwụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgwụ onwe onye na mba ndị nwere obere ego na etiti (LMICs) sitere na 8.1% ruo 93%. Nnweta, ọnụ ahịa, na ọnọdụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ, yana omume ịchọ ahụike, bụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ọgwụ onwe onye na mba ndị nwere obere ego na etiti. <ref name="nft1">{{Cite journal|title=Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review|journal=Public Health|volume=168|pages=92–101|date=March 2019|pmid=30716570|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTorresChibiMiddletonSolomon2019">Torres NF, Chibi B, Middleton LE, Solomon VP, Mashamba-Thompson TP (March 2019). "Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review". ''Public Health''. '''168''': <span class="nowrap">92–</span>101. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018|10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30716570 30716570]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73434085 73434085].</cite></ref> Nsogbu abụọ dị mkpa na ọgwụ onwe onye bụ enweghị ihe ọmụma banyere ọha na eze na, nke mbụ, mmetụta dị ize ndụ nke ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje (dịka ọmụmaatụ ciprofloxacin nke nwere ike ibute tendonitis, mgbawa akwara na [[Aortic dissection|mwepụ aorta]] ) <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Do fluoroquinolones increase aortic aneurysm or dissection incidence and mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine|volume=9|date=2022-08-09|pmid=36017083|doi=10.3389/fcvm.2022.949538}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Fluoroquinolone-associated suspected tendonitis and tendon rupture: A pharmacovigilance analysis from 2016 to 2021 based on the FAERS database|journal=Frontiers in Pharmacology|volume=13|date=2022-09-06|pmid=36147351|doi=10.3389/fphar.2022.990241}}</ref> na, nke abụọ, iguzogide nje bacteria sara mbara na mgbe a ga-achọ nlekọta ahụike ma ọ bụrụ na ọrịa ahụ anaghị ehichapụ. Iji chọpụta ihe ọmụma ọha na eze na echiche ha nwere banyere iguzogide ọgwụ nje, e mere nyocha nke isiokwu 3,537 e bipụtara na Europe, Asia, na North America. N'ime mmadụ 55,225 a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ n'isiokwu ndị a, pasentị iri asaa (70%) anụla maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje na mbụ, mana pasentị iri asatọ na asatọ (88%) n'ime ndị ahụ chere na ọ na-ezo aka n'ụdị mgbanwe anụ ahụ n'ahụ mmadụ. <ref name="Rather_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention|journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences|volume=24|issue=4|pages=808–812|date=May 2017|pmid=28490950|doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRatherKimBajpaiPark2017">Rather IA, Kim BC, Bajpai VK, Park YH (May 2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5415144 "Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention"]. ''Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences''. '''24''' (4): <span class="nowrap">808–</span>812. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004|10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5415144 5415144]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28490950 28490950].</cite></ref> === Iji ọgwụ eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi === Mmebi iwu nke ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike na-eme bụ ihe ọzọ na-akpata mmụba nke iguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nnyocha emere na US na-egosi na ihe ngosi maka ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, nhọrọ nke ọgwụ ejiri mee ihe, na oge ọgwụgwọ ezighi ezi ruo 50% nke ikpe ndị a mụrụ. <ref name="The antibiotic resistance crisis: p" /> N'ime afọ 2010 n'afọ 2011 ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọgwụ nje na-enye n'ebe ndị na- anaghị anabata ọgwụ na United States adịghị mkpa. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=May 2016|title=Prevalence of Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescriptions Among US Ambulatory Care Visits, 2010–2011|journal=JAMA|volume=315|issue=17|pages=1864–73|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.4151|pmid=27139059}}</ref> Nnyocha ọzọ emere n'otu ngalaba nlekọta kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na France egosila na pasentị 30 ruo 60 nke ọgwụ nje e nyere ọgwụ adịghị mkpa. <ref name="The antibiotic resistance crisis: p">{{Cite journal|title=The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats|journal=P & T|volume=40|issue=4|pages=277–83|date=April 2015|pmid=25859123}}</ref> Ojiji ndị a na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke ọgwụ nje na-akwalite mmepe nke iguzogide nje site n'ịkwado nje bacteria na mmepe nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eduga na iguzogide. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Whys and Wherefores of Antibiotic Resistance|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|volume=7|issue=2|date=February 2017|pmid=27793964|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a025171}}</ref> Dịka nnyocha e mere na mba Amerịka si kwuo, nke bu n'obi inyocha echiche na ihe ọmụma ndị dọkịta nwere gbasara iguzogide nje na ebe a na-agagharị agagharị, naanị pasentị iri isii na atọ nke ndị a nyochachara kọrọ na iguzogide nje bụ nsogbu n'ọrụ ha n'ógbè ahụ, ebe pasentị iri abụọ na atọ kọrọ na ọgwụ nje na-enye ọgwụ nje dịka ọ dị mkpa iji zere ịghara inye nlekọta zuru oke.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Physicians' attitude and knowledge regarding antibiotic use and resistance in ambulatory settings|journal=American Journal of Infection Control|volume=47|issue=8|pages=864–868|date=August 2019|pmid=30926215|doi=10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.009}}</ref> Nke a na-egosi na ọtụtụ ndị dọkịta na-eleda mmetụta nke àgwà ha na-enye ọgwụ anya na-enwe n'igbochi nje n'ozuzu ya. Ọ na-egosikwa na ụfọdụ ndị dọkịta nwere ike ịkpachara anya nke ukwuu ma nye ọgwụ nje maka ihe gbasara ahụike ma ọ bụ iwu, ọbụlagodi mgbe a naghị akwado ihe ngosi ahụike maka iji ọgwụ ndị a mgbe niile. Nke a nwere ike ibute ojiji ọgwụ nje na-enweghị isi, usoro nke nwere ike ịka njọ n'oge ọrịa COVID-19.<ref name="Joshi">{{Cite journal|title=Don't let Covid boost another killer|journal=Knowable Magazine|date=17 February 2021|doi=10.1146/knowable-021621-1|url=https://knowablemagazine.org/article/health-disease/2021/antibiotic-resistance-covid|accessdate=10 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Bacterial and Fungal Coinfection in Individuals With Coronavirus: A Rapid Review To Support COVID-19 Antimicrobial Prescribing|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=71|issue=9|pages=2459–2468|date=December 2020|pmid=32358954|doi=10.1093/cid/ciaa530}}</ref> Nnyocha egosila na nghọtahie a na-enwekarị gbasara irè na mkpa ọ dị iji ọgwụ nje agwọ ọrịa ndị dị mfe na-eme ka ha ghara ịdị irè.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytargum.com//article/2021/02/rutgers-study-finds-antibiotic-overuse-is-caused-by-misconceptions-financial|title=Rutgers study finds antibiotic overuse is caused by misconceptions, financial incentives|work=The Daily Targum|date=10 February 2021|accessdate=16 February 2021|archivedate=6 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206103329/https://dailytargum.com/article/2021/02/rutgers-study-finds-antibiotic-overuse-is-caused-by-misconceptions-financial}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Accounting for variation in and overuse of antibiotics among humans|journal=BioEssays|volume=43|issue=2|date=February 2021|pmid=33410142|doi=10.1002/bies.202000163}}</ref> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1qh23wfvrsgy9xfoen4o56f02nj6hyd 632379 632378 2026-05-09T10:09:40Z Bigcee007 24507 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349560866|Antimicrobial resistance]]" 632379 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_sensitivity_and_resistance.jpg|alt=Two petri dishes with antibiotic resistance tests|thumb|Nnwale iguzogide ọgwụ nje : A na-agbanye nje bacteria na ihe siri ike na efere Petri na diski akwụkwọ na-edobe n'elu, nke ọ bụla na-agbanye ọgwụ nje dị iche iche. Mgbanaka doro anya, dị ka ndị dị n'aka ekpe, na-egosi na nje bacteria etobeghị gburugburu diski, na-egosi na nje bacteria ndị a adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria ndị dị n'aka nri na-eguzogide nke ọma atọ n'ime asaa ma na-eguzogide ọgwụ abụọ n'ime ọgwụ nje asaa a nwalere ]] '''Mgbochi nje''' ( '''AMR''' ma ọ bụ '''AR''' ) na-eme mgbe nje bacteria na-agbanwe usoro ndị na-echebe ha pụọ na ọgwụ nje, nke bụ ọgwụ e ji agwọ ọrịa n'ime mmadụ, anụmanụ, na osisi. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=World Health Organization (WHO)|date=November 21, 2023|title=Antimicrobial resistance.|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Nje bacteria ọ bụla nwere ike inwe iguzogide, gụnyere nje bacteria ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje virus ( '''nguzogide nje''' ), nje bacteria (nguzogide '''nje''' ), na fungi ( '''nguzogide nje''' ). N'otu aka ahụ, mgbanwe ndị a na-adaba n'okpuru nche anwụ AMR, na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka nye ahụike n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na njikwa na-ezighi ezi bụ isi ihe na-akpata iguzogide a, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwekwara ike ime n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mgbasa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-eguzogide ọgwụ. <ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref> A na-akpọ nje bacteria ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche ọgwụ dị iche iche (MDR) ma a na-akpọkwa ha superbugs mgbe ụfọdụ. <ref name="Magiorakos">{{Cite journal|date=March 2012|title=Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=18|issue=3|pages=268–281|doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x|pmid=21793988}}</ref> Mgbochi ọgwụ nje, obere mpaghara AMR, na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, na-akpaghasị njikwa ọrịa na nhọrọ ọgwụgwọ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Nguzogide na-ebilite site na ngbanwe na mberede, mbufe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, yana mmụba nke nhọrọ site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe, ma na ọgwụ na ọrụ ugbo, nke na-eme ka mmepe nguzogide dị ngwa ngwa.<ref name="MP">{{Cite journal|title=Global antibiotic resistance is mostly periodic|journal=Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance|volume=7|pages=132–134|date=December 2016|pmid=27788414|doi=10.1016/j.jgar.2016.09.003}}</ref> Usoro mgbochi, dị ka iji ọgwụ nje dị warara na-eme ka usoro ịdị ọcha dịkwuo mma, bu n'obi ibelata mgbasa nke nguzogide.<ref name="Swedish">{{Cite book|title=Swedish work on containment of antibiotic resistance – Tools, methods and experiences|publisher=Public Health Agency of Sweden|year=2014|isbn=978-91-7603-011-0|url=http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/pagefiles/17351/Swedish-work-on-containment-of-antibiotic-resistance.pdf|location=Stockholm|pages=16–17, 121–128|accessdate=23 July 2015}}</ref> Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-ekwu na AMR bụ otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu ahụike ọha na eze zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmepe, na-eche na AMR nje na-akpata kpọmkwem maka ọnwụ ụwa 1.27 nde na 2019 ma nyere aka na ọnwụ 4.95 nde. Ibu AMR buru ibu, yana ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise na-anwụ kwa afọ metụtara ọrịa na-eguzogide. Ọrịa sitere na microbes AMR na-esiwanye ike ịgwọ ma na-achọkarị usoro ọgwụgwọ ọzọ dị oke ọnụ nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị njọ karịa. Ọzọkwa, WHO na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ na-adọ aka ná ntị na AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ ihe ruru nde 10 kwa afọ ka ọ na-erule 2050 ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ihe. Atumatu zuru ụwa ọnụ, dị ka oku maka nkwekọrịta AMR mba ụwa, na-ekwusi ike na mbọ achikọtara ọnụ iji gbochie ojiji n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, nweta ego nyocha, na inye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ mgbochi dị mkpa na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Agbanyeghị, ọrịa COVID-19 butere akụrụngwa yana nlebara anya sayensị pụọ na AMR, na-eme ka ihe ịma aka ahụ ka njọ.<ref name="pmid33772597">{{Cite journal|title=Key considerations on the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance research and surveillance|journal=Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg|volume=115|issue=10|pages=1122–1129|date=March 2021|pmid=33772597|doi=10.1093/trstmh/trab048}}</ref> == Nkọwa == [[Faịlụ:WhatIsDrugResistance.gif|alt=Diagram showing difference between non-resistance bacteria and drug resistant bacteria|thumb|300x300px|Eserese na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ. Nje bacteria na-adịghị eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụba, na mgbe ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ gasịrị, nje bacteria na-anwụ. Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-amụbakwa, ma na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ, nje bacteria na-aga n'ihu na-agbasa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Drug Resistance?|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|work=niaid.nih.gov|accessdate=26 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727153042/http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/drugResistanceDefinition.aspx|archivedate=27 July 2015}}</ref>]] Iguzogide antimicrobial pụtara na microorganism na-eguzogide ọgwụ antimicrobian nke nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa site na microorganisme ahụ.<ref name="WHO2014">{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance Fact sheet N°194|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|work=who.int|accessdate=7 March 2015|date=April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150310081111/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/|archivedate=10 March 2015}}</ref> Mgbochi bụ ihe onwunwe nke nje, ọ bụghị mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ na-ebute nje.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|title=CDC: Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work|publisher=Cdc.gov|accessdate=12 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180658/http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/antibiotic-use/antibiotic-resistance-faqs.html#antibiotic-resistance-concerns|archivedate=29 April 2015|date=29 May 2018}}</ref> Ụdị nje niile nwere ike ịzụlite iguzogide ọgwụ. Ya mere, e nwere ọgwụ nje, antifungal, antiviral na antiparasitic resistance.<ref name="Tanwar_2014">{{Cite journal|title=Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis|journal=Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases|volume=2014|date=2014|pmid=25140175|doi=10.1155/2014/541340}}</ref><ref name="Saha_2021">{{Cite journal|title=Review on Multiple Facets of Drug Resistance: A Rising Challenge in the 21st Century|journal=Journal of Xenobiotics|volume=11|issue=4|pages=197–214|date=December 2021|pmid=34940513|doi=10.3390/jox11040013}}</ref> Mgbochi nje bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide a nke a na-ahụkarị na nje bacteria ma si otú a kewaa ya n'ime ihe abụọ ọzọ, microbiological na clinical. Nguzogide nje bacteria bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ma na-esi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke gbanwere ma ọ bụ nke e ketara eketa, nke na-enye nje bacteria ohere iguzogide usoro igbu nje bacteria ndị metụtara ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje. Nguzogide ahụike na-egosi ọdịda nke ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ ebe nje bacteria ndị na-adịkarị mfe ịnweta ọgwụgwọ na-eguzogide ọgwụ mgbe ha lanarịrị nsonaazụ nke ọgwụgwọ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ abụọ nke nguzogide enwetara, nje bacteria nwere ike ịgafe ihe mkpali mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka nguzogide site na nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ: njikọ, transduction, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe. Nke a na-enye ohere ka nguzogide gbasaa n'otu ụdị nje bacteria ma ọ bụ ọbụna nje bacteria yiri ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1 October 2017|title=Antibiotic resistance|journal=Medicine|volume=45|issue=10|pages=622–628|doi=10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.07.006}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == Akụkọ WHO wepụtara n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014 kwuru, sị, "ihe iyi egwu a dị oke njọ abụghịzi amụma maka ọdịnihu, ọ na-eme ugbu a n'akụkụ ụwa niile ma nwee ike imetụta onye ọ bụla, n'afọ ọ bụla, na mba ọ bụla. Mgbochi ọgwụ nje—mgbe nje bacteria gbanwere ka ọgwụ nje ghara ịrụ ọrụ n'ime ndị chọrọ ka ha gwọọ ọrịa—bụzi ihe iyi egwu dị ukwuu nye ahụike ọha na eze ugbu a. " Kwa afọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ ise nwụrụ anwụ na AMR n'ụwa niile. <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}</ref> Na 2019, ọnwụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke sitere na AMR ruru nde 1.27 na 2019. N'otu afọ ahụ, AMR nwere ike ịkpata ọnwụ nde mmadụ ise, otu n'ime mmadụ ise nwụrụ n'ihi AMR bụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise. <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}</ref> N'ime afọ 2018, WHO lere iguzogide ọgwụ nje anya dị ka otu n'ime ihe iyi egwu kachasị ukwuu nye ahụike ụwa, nchekwa nri na mmepe. <ref name="AR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance|title=Antibiotic resistance|work=who.int|accessdate=2020-03-16|archivedate=21 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521035847/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antibiotic-resistance}}</ref> Ọnwụ ndị sitere na AMR dịgasị iche iche site na mpaghara: {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ebe !Ọnwụ maka 100,000 nke AMR <ref name="Murray_2022">{{Cite journal|title=Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis|language=English|journal=Lancet|volume=399|issue=10325|pages=629–655|date=February 2022|pmid=35065702|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMurrayIkutaShararaSwetschinski2022">Murray CJ, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Robles Aguilar G, Gray A, et&nbsp;al. (Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators) (February 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 "Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis"]. ''Lancet''. '''399''' (10325): <span class="nowrap">629–</span>655. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841637 8841637]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35065702 35065702]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246077406 246077406].</cite></ref> |- |Ebe Ugwu Africa na Middle East |11.2 |- |Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ọwụwa Anwụ Eshia, na Oceania |11.7 |- |Latin America na Caribbean |14.4 |- |Ebe etiti na Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe na Ebe etiti Eshia |17.6 |- |Ndịda Eshia |21.5 |- |Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka |23.7 |} Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mgbochi na Njikwa Ọrịa nke Europe mere atụmatụ na n'afọ 2015, e nwere ọrịa 671,689 na EU na Mpaghara Akụ na ụba Europe nke nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje kpatara, nke butere ọnwụ 33,110. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwetara n'ebe nlekọta ahụike. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis|journal=The Lancet. Infectious Diseases|volume=19|issue=1|pages=56–66|date=January 2019|pmid=30409683|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30605-4}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for over 33,000 deaths in Europe in 2015, study finds|url=https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=The Pharmaceutical Journal|date=7 November 2018|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328155238/https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/news/antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-responsible-for-over-33000-deaths-in-europe-in-2015-study-finds}}</ref> Na 2019, e nwere ọnwụ 133,000 nke AMR kpatara. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the WHO European region in 2019: a cross-country systematic analysis|journal=The Lancet. Public Health|volume=7|issue=11|pages=e897–e913|date=November 2022|pmid=36244350|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00225-0}}</ref> == Echiche Ahụike Otu == A maara iguzogide nje bacteria (AMR) nke ọma dị ka otu okwu ahụike, na-egosipụta njikọ dị n'etiti ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobial resistance|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2026-03-22|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Mmepe nke iguzogide nje bacteria a jikọtara ọnụ ma na-agbasa n'ọtụtụ ngalaba, gụnyere ọgwụ mmadụ, ọgwụ anụmanụ na ọrụ ugbo. Ya mere, ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa. <ref name="Salam 1946">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=Md. Abdus|date=2023-07-05|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/13/1946|journal=Healthcare|language=en|volume=11|issue=13|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|issn=2227-9032|pmid=37444780}}</ref> Ụdị ngalaba dị iche iche dị mkpa iji ghọta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na AMR nwere na ahụike mmadụ n'ụwa niile. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi na-enyekwa aka na ịnọgide na-enwe na mgbasa nke AMR, ebe ihe fọdụrụ na nje bacteria na ihe ndị na-eguzogide nje nwere ike ịbanye n'ala na sistemụ mmiri site na mmiri ọrụ ugbo, mwepụ mmiri mkpofu, na iwepụ ọgwụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-05-20|title=STAT!Ref|journal=Choice Reviews Online|volume=52|issue=10|pages=52–5379-52-5379|doi=10.5860/choice.189510|issn=0009-4978}}</ref> Ịgwọ mgbochi nje bacteria site na otu usoro ahụike dị mkpa maka ibelata mmetụta ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ ya, akụ na ụba, na gburugburu ebe obibi. == Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya == AMR na-akpatakarị site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe gabiga ókè . <ref name="WHO10October2024">{{Cite web|title=Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=10 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.who.int/news/item/10-10-2024-better-use-of-vaccines-could-reduce-antibiotic-use-by-2.5-billion-doses-annually--says-who "Better use of vaccines could reduce antibiotic use by 2.5 billion doses annually, says WHO"]. ''[[World Health Organization]]''. 10 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Ha na-amụpụta ma na-agbasa ngwa ngwa, ha nwekwara ike imeghari gburugburu ebe obibi ha ma gbanwee otú ha ga-esi dị ndụ nke ọma. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] . <ref>{{Cite web|author=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases|date=2025|title=Antimicrobial resistance: Causes.|url=https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes}}</ref> Ma, n'otu oge ahụ, ọtụtụ mmadụ gburugburu ụwa enweghị ike ịnweta ọgwụ nje dị mkpa. <ref name="WHO10October2024" /> Nke a na-eduga na nje bacteria ma na-agbanwe ihe nchebe megide ọgwụ eji agwọ ha, ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ ụdị nje bacteria ndị nwere ihe mgbochi ebumpụta ụwa megide ọgwụ nje na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị karịa ndị a na-emeri ngwa ngwa site na ọgwụ. Mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwekwara ike ime, nke ga-ekwe ka nje bacteria ahụ dị ndụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe mgbochi nje na-eme n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa ka oge na-aga, ojiji nke ihe mgbochi nje n'ọtụtụ ebe ma n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ma n'èzí emeela ka iguzogide nje na-aghọwanye ihe a na-ahụkarị. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-enwe ike iguzogide ọgwụ nje ka oge na-aga site na mgbanwe eke, ịkọ ọgwụ nje gabigara ókè na ọgwụ nje na-ekwesịghị ekwesị emeela ka nsogbu ahụ ka njọ. N'oge mgbanwe, mgbe mgbanwe ahụ mere, mgbanwe ndị a na-enyere nje bacteria aka ịlanarị ikpughe. [https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance-causes (NIAID, 2025)] O kwere omume na ihe dị ka 1 n'ime ọgwụ atọ e dere maka ọgwụ nje adịghị mkpa. <ref name="CDC_2016">{{Cite web|date=2016-01-01|title=CDC Newsroom|url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html|accessdate=2023-02-28|work=CDC|archivedate=9 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309053532/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0503-unnecessary-prescriptions.html}}</ref> Kwa afọ, a na-ede ihe dị ka nde 154 ọgwụ nje. N'ime ndị a, ihe ruru nde 46 adịghị mkpa ma ọ bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị maka ọnọdụ onye ọrịa nwere. <ref name="CDC_2016" /> Microbes nwere ike ịmalite iguzogide site na mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eme n'oge nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ, ọ bụ ezie na mgbanwe ndị a na-enweghị usoro dị ụkọ, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na-amụpụta ugboro ugboro na ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka ohere nke ndị bi na ya nweta mgbanwe nke na-eme ka iguzogide dịkwuo elu. <ref name="Michael_2014">{{Cite journal|title=The antimicrobial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|volume=2|date=2014|pmid=25279369|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2014.00145}}</ref> N'adịghị ka nke ahụ, nnyocha na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na, n'adịghị ka ụdị ọdịnala nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ngwa ngwa, mycobacteria na-anọgide na-enwe nkwụsi ike dị elu n'okpuru nrụgide ọgwụ nje, na-adabere na nnabata phenotypic na usoro ndozi DNA maka ndụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Genetic stability of Mycobacterium smegmatis under the stress of first-line antitubercular agents|journal=eLife|date=Nov 20, 2024|volume=13|issue=RP96695|doi=10.7554/eLife.96695.3|pmid=39565350|url=https://elifesciences.org/articles/96695}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Molnar|first=Daniel|title=Assessing the Impact of Bedaquiline, Clofazimine, and Linezolid on Mycobacterial Genome Integrity|journal=Biomolecules|date=15 November 2024|volume=14|issue=1451|doi=10.3390/biom14111451|pmid=39595627|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/11/1451}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-akwụsị ịṅụ ọgwụ nje mgbe ha malitere inwe mmetụta dị mma. Mgbe nke a mere, o kwere omume na nje ndị na-adịghị mfe ọgwụgwọ ka na-anọgide n'ime ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na nje ndị a enwee ike ịnọgide na-amụ nwa, nke a nwere ike ibute ọrịa site na nje bacteria ndị na-adịghị mfe ịnweta ma ọ bụ ọbụna iguzogide ọgwụ nje. <ref name="Michael_2014" /> Ụmụ nje nwekwara ike ịnweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa site n'aka ibe ha, nke na-eme ka ha ghara iguzogide ọgwụ. Bakteria ndị nwere DNA na-eguzogide ọgwụ na-ebufekarị otu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị a na nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. Ha nwere ike ịmụba ma too nke ọma. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|title=Archived copy|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care.|date=2022|title=What causes antimicrobial resistance?|url=https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr|accessdate=20 December 2025|archivedate=7 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307080146/https://www.amr.gov.au/about-amr/what-causes-amr}}</ref> Usoro a, nke a maara dị ka nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ, na-enye ohere ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị na-eguzogide ọgwụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa n'etiti ụdị nje bacteria dị iche iche site na usoro dị ka njikọ, mgbanwe, na transduction. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Michaelis|first=Claudia|date=2023-02-04|title=Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms|journal=Antibiotics|volume=12|issue=2|doi=10.3390/antibiotics12020328|issn=2079-6382|pmid=36830238}}</ref> Nje bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje site n'ịgbanwe onwe ha ma ọ bụ inweta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa iguzogide nje bacteria ndị ọzọ. N'ime afọ 20 gara aga, iguzogide nje (AMR) etoola, na-eme ka ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ọrịa iku ume, ọrịa urinary tract, STDs, na ụkwara nta sie ike ịgwọ. A naghị emepụta ọgwụ nje ọhụrụ ngwa ngwa, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị emee ihe ọ bụla, anyị nwere ike ịbanye "oge mgbe ọgwụ nje gasịrị" ebe a na-apụghị ịgwọ ụfọdụ ọrịa. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}</ref> AMR na-eme ka ọrịa sikwuo ike ma dị oke ọnụ iji gwọọ. Ojiji ọgwụ nje kwesịrị ekwesị—ọgwụ ziri ezi, dose, na oge ọ ga-ewe—na ịdị ọcha siri ike n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị mkpa. Ịlụso AMR ọgụ chọrọ mmekorita n'etiti gọọmentị, ndị ọrụ ahụike, ndị nchọpụta, ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, ndị ọrụ ugbo, na ọha na eze site na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, nlekota iguzogide, igbochi ọgwụ nje n'ime anụmanụ, na imeziwanye ohere ịnweta ọgwụ, ọgwụ mgbochi, na ule. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> Mgbochi bụ usoro kachasị dị irè. Tinyere iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ọma, ọ dị mkpa maka ọgwụ ọhụrụ, ọgwụgwọ ọzọ, nchọpụta ka mma, na ọgwụ mgbochi. Ọ bụrụ na a naghị eme ihe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma, usoro ọgwụgwọ dị mkpa dịka ịwa ahụ, mgbanwe akụkụ ahụ, nlekọta ụmụ amụrụ ọhụrụ, na ọgwụgwọ kansa nwere ike ịnọ n'ihe ize ndụ. <ref name="Salam">{{Cite journal|author=Salam|first=M. A.|title=Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health|journal=Healthcare|date=2023|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/healthcare11131946|pmid=37444780}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSalamAl-AminSalamPawar2023">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et&nbsp;al. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 "Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health"]. ''Healthcare''. '''11''' (3): 1946. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.3390/healthcare11131946|10.3390/healthcare11131946]]</span>. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10340576 10340576]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37444780 37444780].</cite></ref> === Ihe ndị sitere n'okike === [[Faịlụ:Antibiotic_Resistance_Spread.jpg|thumb|Ihe omuma CDC banyere otu ihe mgbochi nje si eme ma gbasaa]] AMR bụ usoro ebumpụta ụwa. <ref name="CDC About Antimicrobial Resistance">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/|title=About Antimicrobial Resistance|work=US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=22 April 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/about/ "About Antimicrobial Resistance"]. ''US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]''. 22 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbochi nje nwere ike ịmalite n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa n'ihi na ọ na-aga n'ihu na-enweta ọgwụ nje. Nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa pụtara na ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere ike imeghari na gburugburu ha, dị ndụ, ma nọgide na-amụ ụmụ. <ref name="NS">{{Cite web|url=https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25|title=Natural selection|work=evolution.berkeley.edu|accessdate=2020-03-10|archivedate=30 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030201404/https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_25}}</ref> N'ihi ya, ụdị nje ndị na-adị ndụ ka oge na-aga site n'aka ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje ga-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị na gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị na-enweghị mgbochi a ga-aghọkwa ndị na-adịghịzi arụ ọrụ. <ref name="Holmes_2016">{{Cite journal|title=Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10014|pages=176–87|date=January 2016|pmid=26603922|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx|accessdate=5 December 2021}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHolmesMooreSundsfjordSteinbakk2016">Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, et&nbsp;al. (January 2016). [http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx "Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance"]. ''Lancet''. '''387''' (10014): <span class="nowrap">176–</span>87. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0|10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00473-0]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:10044/1/32225|10044/1/32225]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26603922 26603922]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1944665 1944665]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220414151453/http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/25678970/Understanding_the_Mechanisms_and_Drivers_of_AMR_25_Aug_2015.docx Archived] from the original on 14 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ụfọdụ ọgwụ mgbochi nje nke oge a agbanweela n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa tupu e jiri ọgwụ nje ndị mmadụ na-eji eme ihe n'ụlọọgwụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọgwụ mgbochi methicillin gbanwere dị ka ọgwụ nje nke hedgehogs, ikekwe dị ka mgbanwe nke nje ahụ na hedgehogs nke dermatophyte nke na-emepụta ọgwụ nje na-ebute. <ref name="MR">{{Cite journal|title=Emergence of methicillin resistance predates the clinical use of antibiotics|journal=Nature|volume=602|issue=7895|pages=135–141|date=February 2022|pmid=34987223|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04265-w}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ero na nje bacteria dị n'ala bụ ndị na-asọmpi n'okike, penisilini ọgwụ nje mbụ nke Alexander Fleming chọpụtara furu efu ngwa ngwa n'ịgwọ ụmụ mmadụ, nakwa na ọ dịghị penisilini ndị ọzọ e kere eke (F, K, N, X, O, U1 ma ọ bụ U6) a na-eji ugbu a n'ụlọ ọgwụ. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">achọrọ ntụaka</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Enwere ike inweta nguzogide nje site na nje ndị ọzọ site na ịgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa n'usoro a na-akpọ nnyefe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwụ ọtọ. Nke a pụtara na ozugbo mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje pụtara n'ime obodo nje, ọ nwere ike gbasaa gaa na nje ndị ọzọ dị n'obodo ahụ, nke nwere ike isi na nje ndị na-abụghị ọrịa pụta gaa na nje ndị na-akpata ọrịa. Usoro a na-akwalite nke ukwuu site na usoro nhọrọ ebumpụta ụwa nke na-eme n'oge ojiji ọgwụ nje ma ọ bụ iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Good microbes, bad genes? The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the human microbiome|journal=Gut Microbes|volume=14|issue=1|date=2022-12-31|pmid=35332832|doi=10.1080/19490976.2022.2055944}}</ref> Ka oge na-aga, ọtụtụ nje bacteria na ọrịa ndị dị na ya ga-abụ ụdị nke na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje a na-eji agwọ ha, nke na-eme ka ihe a ghara ịdị irè ugbu a imeri ọtụtụ nje bacteria. Site n'iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, a na-eme ka usoro okike a dịkwuo ngwa ngwa.<ref name="Ferri_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Antimicrobial resistance: A global emerging threat to public health systems|journal=Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition|volume=57|issue=13|pages=2857–2876|date=September 2017|pmid=26464037|doi=10.1080/10408398.2015.1077192}}</ref> === Ọgwụ onwe onye === N'ọtụtụ mba, naanị dọkịta nwere ike ịnye ọgwụ nje, ụlọ ọgwụ na-enyekwa ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Database for Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Country Self- Assessment Survey (TrACSS)|url=http://amrcountryprogress.org/|accessdate=2023-03-28|work=amrcountryprogress.org|archivedate=28 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328115257/http://amrcountryprogress.org/}}</ref> A na-akọwa ọgwụ ndị ahịa na-aṅụ n'onwe ha dị ka "ịṅụ ọgwụ n'onwe ya ma ọ bụ n'uche onye ọzọ, onye na-abụghị ọkachamara ahụike nwere asambodo", a chọpụtakwala ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi kpatara mmepe nke iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="Rather_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention|journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences|volume=24|issue=4|pages=808–812|date=May 2017|pmid=28490950|doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004}}</ref> Ịgwọ onwe onye site na iji ọgwụ nje bụ ụzọ na-adịghị mma iji ha mana ọ bụ ihe a na-emekarị na mba ndị nwere oke akụrụngwa. Omume a na-ekpughe ndị mmadụ n'ihe ize ndụ nke nje bacteria ndị mepụtara iguzogide nje nje. <ref name="nft1">{{Cite journal|title=Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review|journal=Public Health|volume=168|pages=92–101|date=March 2019|pmid=30716570|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018}}</ref> Ọtụtụ mmadụ na-eji nke a eme ihe n'ihi mkpa, mgbe enweghị ohere ịgakwuru dọkịta, ma ọ bụ mgbe ndị ọrịa nwere obere oge ma ọ bụ ego iji hụ dọkịta. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategies|journal=Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control|volume=6|issue=1|date=2017-05-15|pmid=28515903|doi=10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x}}</ref> Mmụba a na-eme ka ọ dị mfe inweta ọgwụ nje. Ihe atụ bụ India, ebe na steeti Punjab, 73% nke ndị mmadụ malitere ịgwọ obere nsogbu ahụike ha na ọrịa ndị na-adịghị ala ala site na ọgwụ onwe onye. <ref name="Rather_2017" /> Ọgwụ onwe onye dị elu karịa n'èzí ụlọ ọgwụ, nke a na-ejikọkwa ya na iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe nke ukwuu, ebe a na-eji ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje eme ihe n'obodo kama iji ọtụtụ ọgwụ nje n'ụlọ ọgwụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgwụ onwe onye na mba ndị nwere obere ego na etiti (LMICs) sitere na 8.1% ruo 93%. Nnweta, ọnụ ahịa, na ọnọdụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ, yana omume ịchọ ahụike, bụ ihe ndị na-emetụta ọgwụ onwe onye na mba ndị nwere obere ego na etiti. <ref name="nft1">{{Cite journal|title=Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review|journal=Public Health|volume=168|pages=92–101|date=March 2019|pmid=30716570|doi=10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFTorresChibiMiddletonSolomon2019">Torres NF, Chibi B, Middleton LE, Solomon VP, Mashamba-Thompson TP (March 2019). "Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review". ''Public Health''. '''168''': <span class="nowrap">92–</span>101. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018|10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018]]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30716570 30716570]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:73434085 73434085].</cite></ref> Nsogbu abụọ dị mkpa na ọgwụ onwe onye bụ enweghị ihe ọmụma banyere ọha na eze na, nke mbụ, mmetụta dị ize ndụ nke ụfọdụ ọgwụ nje (dịka ọmụmaatụ ciprofloxacin nke nwere ike ibute tendonitis, mgbawa akwara na [[Aortic dissection|mwepụ aorta]] ) <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Do fluoroquinolones increase aortic aneurysm or dissection incidence and mortality? A systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine|volume=9|date=2022-08-09|pmid=36017083|doi=10.3389/fcvm.2022.949538}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Fluoroquinolone-associated suspected tendonitis and tendon rupture: A pharmacovigilance analysis from 2016 to 2021 based on the FAERS database|journal=Frontiers in Pharmacology|volume=13|date=2022-09-06|pmid=36147351|doi=10.3389/fphar.2022.990241}}</ref> na, nke abụọ, iguzogide nje bacteria sara mbara na mgbe a ga-achọ nlekọta ahụike ma ọ bụrụ na ọrịa ahụ anaghị ehichapụ. Iji chọpụta ihe ọmụma ọha na eze na echiche ha nwere banyere iguzogide ọgwụ nje, e mere nyocha nke isiokwu 3,537 e bipụtara na Europe, Asia, na North America. N'ime mmadụ 55,225 a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ n'isiokwu ndị a, pasentị iri asaa (70%) anụla maka iguzogide ọgwụ nje na mbụ, mana pasentị iri asatọ na asatọ (88%) n'ime ndị ahụ chere na ọ na-ezo aka n'ụdị mgbanwe anụ ahụ n'ahụ mmadụ. <ref name="Rather_2017">{{Cite journal|title=Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention|journal=Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences|volume=24|issue=4|pages=808–812|date=May 2017|pmid=28490950|doi=10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRatherKimBajpaiPark2017">Rather IA, Kim BC, Bajpai VK, Park YH (May 2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5415144 "Self-medication and antibiotic resistance: Crisis, current challenges, and prevention"]. ''Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences''. '''24''' (4): <span class="nowrap">808–</span>812. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004|10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.004]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5415144 5415144]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28490950 28490950].</cite></ref> === Iji ọgwụ eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi === Mmebi iwu nke ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike na-eme bụ ihe ọzọ na-akpata mmụba nke iguzogide ọgwụ nje. Nnyocha emere na US na-egosi na ihe ngosi maka ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ nje, nhọrọ nke ọgwụ ejiri mee ihe, na oge ọgwụgwọ ezighi ezi ruo 50% nke ikpe ndị a mụrụ. <ref name="The antibiotic resistance crisis: p" /> N'ime afọ 2010 n'afọ 2011 ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọgwụ nje na-enye n'ebe ndị na- anaghị anabata ọgwụ na United States adịghị mkpa. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=May 2016|title=Prevalence of Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescriptions Among US Ambulatory Care Visits, 2010–2011|journal=JAMA|volume=315|issue=17|pages=1864–73|doi=10.1001/jama.2016.4151|pmid=27139059}}</ref> Nnyocha ọzọ emere n'otu ngalaba nlekọta kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na France egosila na pasentị 30 ruo 60 nke ọgwụ nje e nyere ọgwụ adịghị mkpa. <ref name="The antibiotic resistance crisis: p">{{Cite journal|title=The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats|journal=P & T|volume=40|issue=4|pages=277–83|date=April 2015|pmid=25859123}}</ref> Ojiji ndị a na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke ọgwụ nje na-akwalite mmepe nke iguzogide nje site n'ịkwado nje bacteria na mmepe nke mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-eduga na iguzogide. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Whys and Wherefores of Antibiotic Resistance|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine|volume=7|issue=2|date=February 2017|pmid=27793964|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a025171}}</ref> Dịka nnyocha e mere na mba Amerịka si kwuo, nke bu n'obi inyocha echiche na ihe ọmụma ndị dọkịta nwere gbasara iguzogide nje na ebe a na-agagharị agagharị, naanị pasentị iri isii na atọ nke ndị a nyochachara kọrọ na iguzogide nje bụ nsogbu n'ọrụ ha n'ógbè ahụ, ebe pasentị iri abụọ na atọ kọrọ na ọgwụ nje na-enye ọgwụ nje dịka ọ dị mkpa iji zere ịghara inye nlekọta zuru oke.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Physicians' attitude and knowledge regarding antibiotic use and resistance in ambulatory settings|journal=American Journal of Infection Control|volume=47|issue=8|pages=864–868|date=August 2019|pmid=30926215|doi=10.1016/j.ajic.2019.02.009}}</ref> Nke a na-egosi na ọtụtụ ndị dọkịta na-eleda mmetụta nke àgwà ha na-enye ọgwụ anya na-enwe n'igbochi nje n'ozuzu ya. Ọ na-egosikwa na ụfọdụ ndị dọkịta nwere ike ịkpachara anya nke ukwuu ma nye ọgwụ nje maka ihe gbasara ahụike ma ọ bụ iwu, ọbụlagodi mgbe a naghị akwado ihe ngosi ahụike maka iji ọgwụ ndị a mgbe niile. Nke a nwere ike ibute ojiji ọgwụ nje na-enweghị isi, usoro nke nwere ike ịka njọ n'oge ọrịa COVID-19.<ref name="Joshi">{{Cite journal|title=Don't let Covid boost another killer|journal=Knowable Magazine|date=17 February 2021|doi=10.1146/knowable-021621-1|url=https://knowablemagazine.org/article/health-disease/2021/antibiotic-resistance-covid|accessdate=10 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Bacterial and Fungal Coinfection in Individuals With Coronavirus: A Rapid Review To Support COVID-19 Antimicrobial Prescribing|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=71|issue=9|pages=2459–2468|date=December 2020|pmid=32358954|doi=10.1093/cid/ciaa530}}</ref> Nnyocha egosila na nghọtahie a na-enwekarị gbasara irè na mkpa ọgwụ nje dị iji gwọọ ọrịa ndị dị mfe na-eme ka ojiji ha gabiga ókè. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytargum.com//article/2021/02/rutgers-study-finds-antibiotic-overuse-is-caused-by-misconceptions-financial|title=Rutgers study finds antibiotic overuse is caused by misconceptions, financial incentives|work=The Daily Targum|date=10 February 2021|accessdate=16 February 2021|archivedate=6 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206103329/https://dailytargum.com/article/2021/02/rutgers-study-finds-antibiotic-overuse-is-caused-by-misconceptions-financial}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Accounting for variation in and overuse of antibiotics among humans|journal=BioEssays|volume=43|issue=2|date=February 2021|pmid=33410142|doi=10.1002/bies.202000163}}</ref> Ihe dị mkpa n'okwu gbasara ojiji ọgwụ nje bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ anụmanụ. Iwu chọrọ nlekọta anụmanụ maka ọgwụ nje niile dị mkpa maka ahụike.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Antimicrobials {{!}} American Veterinary Medical Association|url=https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/one-health/antimicrobial-use-and-antimicrobial-resistance|accessdate=2024-04-24|work=avma.org|archivedate=24 April 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424183923/https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/one-health/antimicrobial-use-and-antimicrobial-resistance}}</ref> Ndị dọkịta anụmanụ na-eji usoro Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model (PK/PD) iji hụ na e zigara ọgwụ ahụ n'ebe kwesịrị ekwesị n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Use of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine, a Complex Phenomenon: A Narrative Review|journal=Antibiotics|volume=12|issue=3|date=March 2023|pmid=36978354|doi=10.3390/antibiotics12030487}}</ref> == Edensibịa == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] e5fgp5mobth1onuz54f14zh215sfugi 0 75340 632368 2026-05-09T07:23:09Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352732489|Kafaru Alabi]]" 632368 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Kafaru Alabi''' (nwụrụ na 9 Jenụwarị 2008) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ na onye nkuzi Naijiria. N'afọ ndị 1980, ọ gbara bọọlụ dị ka [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] n'etiti maka klọb Naijiria, Shooting Stars S.C., ma mesịa jikwaa ọtụtụ klọb naijiria gụnyere Shooting Stars na Kwara United . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mathematical7.com/m7/nigerias-greatest-right-winger-in-60-years-of-nigerian-football/|title=Nigeria's football greats|date=10 March 2020|publisher=Mathematical7}}</ref> == Ọrụ nkuzi == Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka n'ịgba egwu, Alabi banyere n'ịnye nkuzi wee bụrụ onye nlekọta na otu bọọlụ Naịjirịa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Shooting Stars SC na 2005 na 2006, weghara ọrụ ahụ mgbe a chụrụ onye nchịkwa German Siegfried Bahner na June 2006. Alabi zụkwara Kwara United F.C. n'etiti afọ 2000. Ọ zụkwara El-Kanemi Warriors F.C., otu klọb o mesiri ndị na-eso ụzọ ya obi ike na 17 Eprel 2007 na ọ gaghị ahapụ ya mgbe nsogbu ego ya gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200704170321.html|title=Alabi Sticks With El-Kanemi|publisher=AllAfrica|accessdate=5 May 2026}}</ref> == Ọrụ ya mgbe e mesịrị == Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị nkuzi Naijiria nke oge ya, Alabi rụrụ ọrụ n'oge a na-ahụ maka ihe ịma aka nchịkwa na asọmpi na bọọlụ mpaghara, gụnyere nyocha nke arụmọrụ nkuzi na asọmpi kọntinent. Mgbe ọ zụchara SSC, ọ sonyeere Kwara United F.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200311130704.html|title=Kafaru Alabi Set to Rejoin Kwara United|publisher=AllAfrica}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == Alabi nwụrụ na 9 Jenụwarị 2008 na [[Ilorin]], Kwara Steeti. Ọ nọ na-anata ọgwụgwọ na Mahadum nke Ilorin Teaching Hospital tupu ọnwụ ya, a kọrọ na ọ bụ n'ihi nsogbu ndị metụtara ọrịa obi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200801090203.html|title=Kwara Coach, Kafaru Alabi is Dead|publisher=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> == Edensibia == ox8wmdiml4wce2e7d0hb6iqgvya4ywa 632370 632368 2026-05-09T07:25:06Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352732489|Kafaru Alabi]]" 632370 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Kafaru Alabi''' (nwụrụ na 9 Jenụwarị 2008) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ na onye nkuzi Naijiria. N'afọ ndị 1980, ọ gbara bọọlụ dị ka [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] n'etiti maka klọb Naijiria, Shooting Stars S.C., ma mesịa jikwaa ọtụtụ klọb naijiria gụnyere Shooting Stars na Kwara United . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mathematical7.com/m7/nigerias-greatest-right-winger-in-60-years-of-nigerian-football/|title=Nigeria's football greats|date=10 March 2020|publisher=Mathematical7}}</ref> == Ọrụ nkuzi == Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nka n'ịgba egwu, Alabi banyere n'ịnye nkuzi wee bụrụ onye nlekọta na otu bọọlụ Naịjirịa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Shooting Stars SC na 2005 na 2006, weghara ọrụ ahụ mgbe a chụrụ onye nchịkwa German Siegfried Bahner na June 2006. Alabi zụkwara Kwara United F.C. n'etiti afọ 2000. Ọ zụkwara El-Kanemi Warriors F.C., otu klọb o mesiri ndị na-eso ụzọ ya obi ike na 17 Eprel 2007 na ọ gaghị ahapụ ya mgbe nsogbu ego ya gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200704170321.html|title=Alabi Sticks With El-Kanemi|publisher=AllAfrica|accessdate=5 May 2026}}</ref> == Ọrụ ya mgbe e mesịrị == Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị nkuzi Naijiria nke oge ya, Alabi rụrụ ọrụ n'oge a na-ahụ maka ihe ịma aka nchịkwa na asọmpi na bọọlụ mpaghara, gụnyere nyocha nke arụmọrụ nkuzi na asọmpi kọntinent. Mgbe ọ zụchara SSC, ọ sonyeere Kwara United F.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200311130704.html|title=Kafaru Alabi Set to Rejoin Kwara United|publisher=AllAfrica}}</ref> Alabi nwụrụ na 9 Jenụwarị 2008 na [[Ilorin]], Kwara Steeti. Ọ nọ na-anata ọgwụgwọ na Mahadum nke Ilorin Teaching Hospital tupu ọnwụ ya, a kọrọ na ọ bụ n'ihi nsogbu ndị metụtara ọrịa obi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200801090203.html|title=Kwara Coach, Kafaru Alabi is Dead|publisher=[[AllAfrica]]}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 5um6zlsgidlra78zo9z52v4g2ca7oje 0 75341 632385 2026-05-09T11:48:17Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347368134|Bruno Onyemaechi]]" 632385 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Sopuruchukwu Bruno Onyemaechi MON''' (// i; amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 3 n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1999) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere aka ekpe maka Super League Greece club Olympiacos <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ονιεμαέτσι: Παίκτης του Ολυμπιακού, απομένει μόνο η ανακοίνωση {{!}} Gazzetta|url=https://www.gazzetta.gr/football/superleague/2412291/oniemaetsi-pro-ton-pylon-toy-olympiakoy|accessdate=2025-01-25|work=www.gazzetta.gr|language=el}}</ref> na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]]. == Ọrụ klọb == N'oge oyi nke afọ 2018, otu klọb na Norway na-eji onye na-egwu egwuregwu Atta Aneke legharịa anya Onyemaechi. Onyemaechi na Stabæk nweziri ikpe, emesia Lillestrøm na onye ibe ya bụ Jerome Philip. A kpọtara Onyemaechi n'ogige ọzụzụ Marbella nke Lillestrøm wee gwuo egwuregwu enyi, mana abịanyeghị aka na ya. === Boavista === N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022, Onyemaechi sonyeere Boavista na mgbazinye ego ogologo oge na nhọrọ ịzụta. <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Boavista|url=https://boavistafc.pt/bruno-onyemaechi-reforca-o-boavista-fc/|title=Bruno Onyemaechi reforça o Boavista FC|date=17 August 2022|accessdate=14 February 2023|language=pt}}</ref> Na June 2023, Boavista malitere nhọrọ ahụ wee bịanye aka na ya na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide. === Olympiacos === N'afọ 2025, Onyemaechi sonyeere Olympiacos.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ονιεμαέτσι: Παίκτης του Ολυμπιακού, απομένει μόνο η ανακοίνωση {{!}} Gazzetta|url=https://www.gazzetta.gr/football/superleague/2412291/oniemaetsi-pro-ton-pylon-toy-olympiakoy|accessdate=2025-01-25|work=www.gazzetta.gr|language=el}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Na 10 Septemba 2023, Onyemaechi mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa maka Naijiria, na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye na-agbachitere aka ekpe maka nkeji 90 zuru ezu nke mmeri 6-0 na São Tomé na Príncipe, na egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke ndị Africa Cup of Nations nke 2023. [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] ruru eru wee gaa na ngwụcha, ebe ha meriri Ivory Coast 1-2.<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 September 2023|title=Nigéria de José Peseiro termina qualificação para a CAN com goleada|url=https://www.ojogo.pt/internacional/africa/nigeria-de-jose-peseiro-termina-qualificacao-para-a-can-com-goleada-17001283.html|accessdate=20 September 2023|publisher=O Jogo|language=pt-PT}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, a họpụtara Bruno Onyemaechi ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị otu Naịjirịa maka ihe omume Africa Cup of Nations 2025 na Morocco, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|accessdate=2026-01-22|work=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|language=en-GB}}</ref> ebe o nwetara ọla nchara. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Clinches AFCON Bronze in Thrilling Penalty Shootout Against Egypt|url=https://www.soccerstat.com.ng/2026/01/nigeria-defeat-egypt-on-penalties-to-win-2025-afcon-.html|accessdate=2026-01-22}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === {{updated|match played 27 January 2025}}<ref>{{Soccerway|sopuruchukwu-bruno-onyemaechi/669204}}</ref><ref>{{ForaDeJogo|199904030011}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi'''ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi''' ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko mba ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Kọntinent ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="4" |Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri |2020–21 |Liga Portugal 2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- |2021–22 |Liga Portugal 2 |27 |2 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |29 |2 |- |2022–23 |Liga Portugal 2 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |'''Ngụkọta''' !29 !2 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !31 !2 |- |Vila Real (onye a gbazinyere) |2020–21 |Asọmpi nke Portugal |16 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |16 |1 |- |Boavista (onye a gbazitere) |2022–23 |Njikọ Mbụ |29 |1 |1 |0 |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |33 |2 |- | rowspan="3" |Boavista |2023–24 |Njikọ Mbụ |24 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |26 |0 |- |2024–25 |Njikọ Mbụ |18 |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |18 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |'''Ngụkọta''' !71 !4 !3 !0 !3 !1 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !77 !5 |- | rowspan="3" |Olympiacos |2024–25 |Njikọ Super Gris |9 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |14 |0 |- |2025–26 |Njikọ Super Gris |9 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |0 |0 |15 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !18 !0 !6 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !4 !0 !0 !0 !28 !0 |- ! colspan="3" |'''Ọrụ ya niile''' !131 !7 !11 !0 !3 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 !148 !8 |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Olympiacos''' * Super League Gris: 2024-252024–25 * Iko bọọlụ Gris: 2024-252024–25 '''Naịjirịa''' * Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2023; <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> ebe nke atọ: 2025 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}</ref> * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-02-13|title=Afcon: Ivory Coast and Nigeria players get cash, villas and honours|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68286543|accessdate=2024-02-24|work=[[BBC News]]|language=en-GB}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qhtrq97oiv6tksz9el27o3xzucw1qgt 0 75342 632386 2026-05-09T11:55:36Z Johnnybam 24488 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351078507|Semi Ajayi]]" 632386 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Oluwasemilogo Adesewo Ibidapo "Semi" Ajayi''' {{Audio|Semi Ajayi.ogg|Listen}}<sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable">[[:File:Semi Ajayi.ogg|ⓘ]]</sup> MON (amụrụ na 9 Nọvemba 1993) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-azụ azụ maka EFL Championship club Hull City . A mụrụ ya n'England, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu egwuregwu mba Naịjirịa.<ref name="Eurosport">{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/semi-ajayi_prs339355/person.shtml|title=Semi Ayaji|work=Eurosport}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == === Charlton Athletic === A mụrụ ya na nne na nna Naijiria, Ajayi malitere ọrụ bọọlụ ya dị ka onye ntorobịa nke Charlton Athletic academy. Mgbe ọ gara n'ihu na Charlton Athletic, e nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọkachamara mbụ ya na Jenụwarị 2012. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Defender commits to Addicks|url=http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/sport/9492550.Defender_commits_to_Addicks/|work=News Shopper|date=25 January 2012|accessdate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 2012, Ajayi sonyeere Dartford na mbinye ego nwa oge maka ụbọchị 28.[1] N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mere mpụta mbụ ya na Dartford, na mmeri 4–0 meriri Kingstonian na FA Trophy wee nye goolu mbụ ya maka akụkụ ahụ, na 3–2 meriri Tamworth. Ajayi gbara egwuregwu atọ wee nye otu goolu tupu ọ lawa na klọb nne na nna ya na ngwụcha Disemba. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Charlton Athletic, Ajayi gbara bọọlụ maka ndị ọzọ n'oge ahụ ma nyere ha aka imeri na Professional Development League 2.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130512-u21s-cardiff-report-818032.aspx|title=Report: U21s seal national title|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=12 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190949/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130512-u21s-cardiff-report-818032.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> N'ụzọ, ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe n'akụkụ ndị okenye maka egwuregwu megide Blackpool na 12 Jenụwarị 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130112-blackpool-report-593294.aspx?pageView=full|title=Report: Charlton 2 Blackpool 1|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=12 January 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508184455/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130112-blackpool-report-593294.aspx?pageView=full#anchored|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> === Ngwá Agha === N'oge na-adịghị anya tupu ya emee nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu Charlton, Ajayi dọtara anya ndị otu Premier League Arsenal. Ajayi sonyeere Arsenal Academy na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ mgbe ọ masịrị dị ka onye na-anwale na klọb ahụ na Septemba 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/semi-ajayi-joins-arsenal-academy.aspx|title=Ajayi joins Arsenal|publisher=Arsenal|date=23 September 2013|accessdate=30 September 2015}}</ref> Ajayi mere Arsenal U21 mbụ ya dị ka onye na-agba mbọ megide Blackburn Rovers na 30 Ọgọst 2013, na-agba goolu n'isi, na mmeri 3-0.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arsenal.com/match/report/1314/post/reserves/under-21s-blackburn-0-3-arsenal|title=Under-21s: Blackburn 0–3 Arsenal|publisher=Arsenal F.C.|date=30 August 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193119/http://www.arsenal.com/match/report/1314/post/reserves/under-21s-blackburn-0-3-arsenal|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Ajayi, onye bu ụzọ pụta maka ndị otu Arsenal na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Boreham Wood, mere oche Arsenal ugboro anọ n'oge oge 2014-15. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe n'egwuregwu megide Hull City, Stoke City na Newcastle na Premier League, yana mmeri Southampton meriri na League Cup.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Who is Semi Ajayi? 19 things you should know about Cardiff City loanee some Arsenal fans dubbed 'New Sol Campbell'|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/incoming/who-semi-ajayi-19-things-8919754|publisher=Wales Online|date=25 March 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017}}</ref> === Obodo Cardiff === N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2015, Ajayi sonyeere otu egwuregwu Championship Cardiff City na mgbazinye ruo na ngwụcha oge 2014-15 mana ọ pụtaghị maka otu mbụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/32060913.aspx|title=Ajayi joins Bluebirds on loan|work=BBC Sport|date=25 March 2015}}</ref> Na ngwụcha oge ahụ, Ajayi sonyeere Cardiff na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na-adịgide adịgide mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Arsenal kwụsịrị.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33196012|title=Semi Ajayi joins Cardiff City from Arsenal|work=BBC Sport|date=19 June 2015}}</ref> N'afọ 2014-15, e nyere Ajayi uwe iri abụọ na itoolu maka oge ọhụrụ ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/squad-numbers-201516-2598955.aspx|title=SQUAD NUMBERS 2015/16|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=6 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193934/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/squad-numbers-201516-2598955.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, Ajayi pụtara ugboro abụọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe, ha abụọ bịara na mkpọsa League Cup megide AFC Wimbledon na MK Dons. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/capital-one-cup-rd1-cardiff-city-1-0-wimbledon-2611584.aspx|title=CAPITAL ONE CUP RD1: CARDIFF CITY 1–0 WIMBLEDON|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=11 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193941/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/capital-one-cup-rd1-cardiff-city-1-0-wimbledon-2611584.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/report-mk-dons-2-1-cardiff-city-2647114.aspx|title=REPORT: MK DONS 2–1 CARDIFF CITY AET|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=25 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508194006/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/report-mk-dons-2-1-cardiff-city-2647114.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> === Mgbazinye ego === N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2015, Ajayi sonyeere otu egwuregwu League Two AFC Wimbledon na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye otu ọnwa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34391082|title=Semi Ajayi: Cardiff defender joins AFC Wimbledon on loan|work=BBC Sport|date=29 September 2015}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya maka Dons n'otu ụbọchị ahụ na 1-1 draw megide Northampton Town. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34321574|title=Wimbledon 1–1 Northampton|work=BBC Sport|date=29 September 2015}}</ref> Mgbe ọ masịrị ya n'egwuregwu abụọ mbụ ya, ọ chọsiri ike ịgbatị oge ịgbazinye ego ya na AFC Wimbledon maka ohere ndị ọzọ nke otu mbụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=AFC Wimbledon: Loanee Ajayi making the most of game time|url=http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/13812493.AFC_Wimbledon__Loanee_Ajayi_making_the_most_of_game_time/|work=News Shopper|date=9 October 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ pụtara ugboro ise maka otu ahụ, Ajayi laghachiri na klọb nne na nna ya na njedebe nke oge mgbazinye ego mbụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afcwimbledon.co.uk/news/article/bayo-boost-for-dons-2772373.aspx|title=Bayo Boost for Dons|publisher=AFC Wimbledon|date=29 October 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508195042/http://www.afcwimbledon.co.uk/news/article/bayo-boost-for-dons-2772373.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Na 26 Nọvemba 2015, Ajayi sonyeere Njikọ Otu akụkụ Crewe Alexandra na mbinye ego ruo 5 Jenụwarị 2016.[1] Mgbe mpụta mbụ ya megide Oldham Athletic ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, Ajayi kpọrọ aha na Football League Team of the Week nke na-ekpuchi akụkụ atọ nke Football League. N'ịgbaso ọtụtụ ihe ngosi dị egwu maka Crewe, agbatịkwuru oge mbinye ego ya na 27 nke ọnwa Febụwarị, oge ụbọchị 93 kacha anabatara n'okpuru iwu mgbazinye ego mberede. Na 13 nke ọnwa Febụwarị 2016, na-enwe ohere ịgbatịkwu mbinye ego ka akọwara dị ka obere, o setịpụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ maka Brad Inman na eserese 1-1 megide Walsall.[5] Mgbe o mechara ngosipụta ikpeazụ ya megide Chesterfield na 20 February 2016, [6] ọ laghachiri na klọb nne na nna ya. === Rotherham United === Na 30 Jenụwarị 2017, Ajayi bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mbinye ego ruo njedebe nke oge 2016–17 ya na ndị mgba asọmpi Rotherham United ibe ya. N'echi ya, o mere mpụta mbụ ya na Rotherham United, na-amalite ma na-egwu egwuregwu ahụ dum, na mmeri 2-0 megide Nottingham Forest. Ọtụtụ izu ka e mesịrị, na 14 February 2017, ọ gbatara goolu Rotherham United mbụ ya, na mmeri 3–2 megide Huddersfield Town. Ajayi bụ onye mbụ na-emekọ ihe ọnụ maka oge ndị ọzọ wee mee ngosi iri na asaa. Na 28 March 2017, Ajayi bịanyere aka na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide, nke ga-agwụ na 1 July 2017. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke akụkụ nke nwetara nkwalite na Championship mgbe o meriri Shrewsbury na njedebe egwuregwu na 27 May 2018. N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel, ọ meriri EFL Championship Player of the Month maka Machị 2019. <ref name="Sporting Life">{{Cite news|url=https://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/sky-bet-efl-march-award-winners/165062|title=Sky Bet EFL March awards: Player of the Month and Manager of the Month winners announced|publisher=Sporting Life|date=12 April 2019|accessdate=12 April 2019}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/sky-bet-efl-march-award-winners/165062 "Sky Bet EFL March awards: Player of the Month and Manager of the Month winners announced"]. </cite></ref> Na ngwụcha oge nke klọb maka oge 2018/19, Ajayi meriri Away Player Of The Season Award mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu 8 na egwuregwu 49 na asọmpi niile, yana Goal of the Season maka ogologo oge ya megide Leeds United na mmeri 2-1 na 26 Jenụwarị 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.themillers.co.uk/news/2019/may/awards--rusc-end-of-season-awards/|title=AWARDS {{!}} RUSC End of Season Awards|publisher=Goal|date=7 May 2019|accessdate=7 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/semi-ajayis-stunner-against-leeds-wins-rotherham-uniteds-goal-of-/10smr44mnp54i1r0ytrlzgeriv|title=Semi Ajayi's stunner against Leeds wins Rotherham United's Goal of the Season|publisher=Goal|date=4 May 2019|accessdate=7 June 2019}}</ref> === West Bromwich Albion === Na 20 Julaị 2019, Ajayi bịanyere aka na West Bromwich Albion maka ego a na-akọwaghị, na-ekwenye na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ na klọb ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ajayi completes West Brom switch|url=https://www.themillers.co.uk/news/2019/july/read--ajayi-completes-west-brom-switch/|publisher=[[Rotherham United F.C.]]|accessdate=20 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wba.co.uk/news/2019/july/albion-add-ajayi-to-ranks/|title=Albion add Ajayi to ranks|publisher=West Bromwich Albion Official Site|date=20 July 2019}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2020, Ajayi gbara goolu mbụ ya na Albion na Premier League na 1-1 draw megide ndị mmeri Liverpool.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/55382726|first=Neil|author=Johnston|title=Liverpool 1-1 West Brom: Semi Ajayi scores dramatic late equalizer|work=BBC Sport|date=27 December 2020|accessdate=27 December 2020}}</ref> === Obodo Hull === Na 19 June 2025, Ajayi bịanyere aka na Hull City n'efu. Ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na klọb ahụ nwere nhọrọ nke afọ ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wearehullcity.co.uk/news/2025/june/19/ajayi-completes-hull-city-move/|title=Ajayi completes Hull City move|date=19 June 2025|publisher=Hull City A.F.C.|accessdate=19 June 2025}}</ref> O mere nke mbụ ya na 9 Ọgọstụ, egwuregwu mmeghe nke oge ahụ, na 0-0 na Coventry City.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cz0y3v32g5gt#Report|title=Coventry City 0–0 Hull City|work=BBC Sport|author=Lanigan|first=Adam|date=9 August 2025|accessdate=29 November 2025}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 29 Nọvemba na mmeri 2-1 megide Stoke City.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cde67lpzwd1t|title=Stoke City 2–1 Hull City|work=BBC Sport|date=29 November 2025|accessdate=29 November 2025}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Na ngwụcha Mee 2013, a kpọrọ Ajayi ka ọ gaa na ndị otu Nigeria U20 maka egwuregwu Toulon Tournament ha nke afọ 2013. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130528-harriott-ajayi-international-update-836049.aspx|title=Addicks pair impress internationally|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=28 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190155/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130528-harriott-ajayi-international-update-836049.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201305240372.html.aspx|title=Nigeria squad named|publisher=All Africa|date=23 May 2013}}</ref> Mgbe ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe na Matchday 1 megide Mexico U20, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130530-harriott-ajayi-international-watch-845071.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508010101/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130530%2Dharriott%2Dajayi%2Dinternational%2Dwatch%2D845071.aspx|title=International watch: Duo disappointed|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=30 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Ajayi mere Nigeria U20 mbụ ya na 4 June 2013, na 1-1 draw megide Belgium U21. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130704-ajayi-nigeria-debut-853812.aspx|title=Ajayis Nigeria earn point|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=4 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190211/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130704-ajayi-nigeria-debut-853812.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Ajayi gara n'ihu na-apụta ugboro abụọ ọzọ na asọmpi ahụ megide Portugal na Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130607-tournament-exit-for-ajayi-857799.aspx|title=Tournament exit for Ajayi|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=7 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190823/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130607-tournament-exit-for-ajayi-857799.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gwụchara, Ajayi kwuru na ọ dị mpako igwu egwu maka mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130614-ajayi-charlton-athletic-nigeria-868720.aspx|title=Ajayi proud of international recognition|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=14 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190835/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130614-ajayi-charlton-athletic-nigeria-868720.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}</ref> Ajayi natara oku mbụ ya na ndị otu okenye n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018 maka 2019 African Cup of Nations Qualifiers, ọ kọwara ya dị ka oku "ọchịchọ". O mere nke mbụ ya megide Seychelles na 2019 Nation Cup qualifiers, na-abịa maka [[Chidozie Awaziem]] merụrụ ahụ na nkeji nke 73. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/rotherham-united-defender-semi-ajayi-revels-in-dream-nigeria/2qk94hc97gj413pkisaujokac|title=Rotherham United defender Semi Ajayi revels in dream Nigeria call-up|date=24 August 2018|accessdate=24 August 2018}}</ref> N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2023, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu mmadụ iri abụọ na ise maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2023 na Côte d'Ivoire. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|date=29 December 2023|title=AFCON 2023: Jose Peseiro releases 25-man squad [FULL LIST]|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/12/29/afcon-2023-jose-peseiro-releases-25-man-squad-full-list/|accessdate=17 February 2024|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ naanị onye egwuregwu Naijiria nke gbara nkeji ọ bụla n'egwuregwu asaa nke Naijiria ka otu ahụ gara n'ihu na-apụta na nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Adewale|first=Abiodun|date=14 February 2024|title=SILENT OPERATOR! Ajayi Eagles most consistent player at AFCON 2023|url=https://punchng.com/silent-operator-ajayi-eagles-most-consistent-player-at-afcon-2023/|accessdate=17 February 2024|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Ajayi ka ọ bịa soro na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=11 December 2025|accessdate=12 December 2025}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == {{updated|25 April 2026.}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=68485 |title=Semi Ajayi |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm |accessdate=17 October 2022}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi ! rowspan="2" |Klọb ! rowspan="2" |Oge ! colspan="3" |Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Iko FA ! colspan="2" |Iko Njikọ ! colspan="2" |Ndị ọzọ ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta |- !Nkewa !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- |Charlton Athletic |2012–13 |Mmeri |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- |Dartford (onye a gbazinyere) |2012–13<ref name="sasw" /> |Nzukọ Mba |3 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 [nke dị ala ala 1] |0 |4 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |Ngwá Agha |2013–14<ref name="sasw" /> |Njikọ Premier |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- |2014–15<ref name="sasw" /> |Njikọ Premier |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 |- |Obodo Cardiff (nke a gbazitere) |2014–15<ref name="sasw" /> |Mmeri |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Obodo Cardiff |2015–16<ref name="sasw" /> |Mmeri |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- |2016–17<ref name="sasw" /> |Mmeri |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 |- |AFC Wimbledon (ụgwọ) |2015–16 |Njikọ nke Abụọ |5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |5 |0 |- |Crewe Alexandra (onye e ji ego mgbazinye) |2015–16<ref name="sb1516" /> |Njikọ nke Mbụ |13 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |13 |0 |- |Rotherham United (onye a gbazitere) |2016–17 |Mmeri |17 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |17 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |Rotherham United |2017–18 |Njikọ nke Mbụ |35 |4 |1 |0 |2 |1 |4 |0 |42 |5 |- |2018–19 |Mmeri |46 |7 |1 |0 |2 |1 |0 |0 |49 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !81 !11 !2 !0 !4 !2 !4 !0 !91 !13 |- | rowspan="7" |West Bromwich Albion |2019–20 |Mmeri |43 |5 |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |45 |5 |- |2020–21 |Njikọ Premier |33 |2 |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |34 |3 |- |2021–22 |Mmeri |31 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |31 |1 |- |2022–23 |Mmeri |22 |2 |3 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |25 |2 |- |2023–24 |Mmeri |26 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |27 |2 |- |2024–25 |Mmeri |15 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |15 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !170 !12 !5 !1 !1 !0 !1 !0 !177 !13 |- |Obodo Hull |2025–26 |Mmeri |22 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |22 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Ọrụ ya niile !311 !26 !7 !1 !5 !2 !6 !0 !329 !29 |} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  === Mba Nile === {{updated|match played 27 March 2026}}<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|id=71857|accessdate=26 January 2024}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ !Ndị otu mba !Afọ !Ngwaọrụ !Ihe mgbaru ọsọ |- | rowspan="9" |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] |2018 |5 |0 |- |2019 |6 |0 |- |2020 |4 |0 |- |2021 |0 |0 |- |2022 |6 |0 |- |2023 |7 |1 |- |2024 |14 |0 |- |2025 |8 |1 |- |2026 |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Ngụkọta !55 !2 |} : ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.'' {| class="wikitable" |+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Semi Ajayi gbara !Mba. !Ụbọchị !Ebe a na-anọ !Onye mmegide !Ihe ruru !Nsonaazụ !Ịsọ mpi |- |1. |18 Nọvemba 2023 |Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, [[Uyo]], Nigeria | Lesotho | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |1–1 |2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru |- |2. |23 Disemba 2025 |Fez Stadium, Fez, Morocco | Tanzania | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–1 |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2025 |} == Nsọpụrụ == '''Rotherham United''' * EFL League One play-offs: 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44186999|title=Rotherham United 2–1 Shrewsbury Town|first=Ged|author=Scott|work=BBC Sport|date=27 May 2018|accessdate=27 May 2018}}</ref> '''Naịjirịa''' * Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2023; <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> ebe nke atọ: 2025 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}</ref> '''Onye ọ bụla''' * Onye mmeri nke ọnwa EFL: Machị 2019<ref name="Sporting Life">{{Cite news|url=https://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/sky-bet-efl-march-award-winners/165062|title=Sky Bet EFL March awards: Player of the Month and Manager of the Month winners announced|publisher=Sporting Life|date=12 April 2019|accessdate=12 April 2019}}</ref> '''Iwu''' * Onye otu Order of the Niger <ref>{{Cite news|date=13 February 2024|title=Afcon: Ivory Coast and Nigeria players get cash, villas and honours|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68286543|accessdate=24 February 2024|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]] == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rbso7fdgdcf9dwueccg8dpeb73ofi97