Sebastian Okechukwu Mezu

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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346550022|Sebastian Okechukwu Mezu]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5895" sha1="8ynisgi0fiuvgm2aufl20b0x3020dfy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Sebastian Okechukwu Mezu
| image               = So mezu.jpg
| width               = 150px
| office1             = Chairman, [[Imo State]] [[Nigerian Peoples Party]]
| termstart1          = June 1978
| termend1            = 1979
| predecessor1        = 
| office2             = Chairman, Imo Newspapers
| termstart2          = 1980
| termend2            = 1981
| birth_date          = April 30, 1941
| birth_place         = [[Emekuku]], [[Owerri]], [[Imo State]], [[Nigeria]]
| party               = Congress for Progressive Change
| spouse              = [[Dr. Rose Mezu]]
| education           = B.A. in French, LL.B., M.A. &amp; Ph.D in Romance Languages
}}
Dr '''Sebastian Okechukwu Mezu''' // i (amụrụ n'April 30, 1941) bụ onye edemede [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], ọkà mmụta, onye ọrụ ebere, na onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ. O tinyere aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Naijiria na ngwụcha afọ 1970. 

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
A mụrụ Sebastian Okechukwu Mezu n'abalị iri atọ nke ọnwa Eprel, afọ 1941, na Ezeogba, Emekuku, Owerri, Steeti Imo. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta B.A. na French (1964) na ụmụ akwụkwọ na German na Philosophy na Mahadum Georgetown. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta B.A. na French (1964).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mezu|first=Sebastian Okechukwu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OH8JwAACAAJ|title=Nigeria Ojukwu Azikiwe Biafra Beyond the Rising Sun|date=April 2013|publisher=Black Academy Press|isbn=978-0-87831-071-5|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Mgbe agha Biafra malitere n'afọ 1967, n'ihi ekele o nyere na nkwado ya dị oke mkpa dịka onye ọkà mmụta na-eto eto na mba Amerịka, ebe o ji aka ya tụgharịa akwụkwọ ndị ahụ.Mgbe agha Biafra malitere n'afọ 1967, n'ihi ekele o nyere na nkwado ya dị oke mkpa dịka onye ọkà mmụta na-eto eto na mba Amerịka, ebe o ji aka ya tụgharịa akwụkwọ ahụ..

Mezu bụ onye nchoputa na osote onye nduzi nke Biafra Historical Research Center, Paris, July 1967 - July 1968, mgbe ahụ Biafra na-arụ ọrụ na France na Europe. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya Biafra na onye ọkachamara France na ndị nnọchi anya udo dị iche iche gụnyere Ivory Coast (President Félix Houphouët-Boigny), Senegal, (President Leopold Sedar Senghor), Gabon (President Albert Bernard Bongo), ọ bụkwa onye nnọchianya Biafra na ọkachamara France na nzukọ udo dị iche na Niamey, Niger Republic (President Hamani Diori, 1968) na Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia (Emperor Haile Selassie, 1968).

== Ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Black Academy ==
N'afọ 1969, Mezu guzobere Black Academy Press, Inc, na Buffalo, New York, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African American Book Publishers List {{!}} H-Afro-Am {{!}} H-Net|url=https://networks.h-net.org/node/2606/discussions/171291/african-american-book-publishers-list|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=networks.h-net.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta agụmakwụkwọ mbụ nke ndị isi ojii nwere nke setịpụrụ ụda maka ọmụmụ Africana na 1960s na US.  Black Academy Press ka bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ ojii kachasị ogologo oge taa.

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
N'afọ ndị 1970, Mezu guzobere alaka Imo State nke Nigerian Peoples Party (NPP) ma dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke NPP ọ wụnyere ma nyere aka họpụta Gọvanọ Samuel Onunaka [[Sam Mbakwe]] na aha ndị ọzọ a ma ama. N'ịgbaso ihe ịga nke ọma nke NPP na ntuli aka, Mezu ghọrọ Onye isi oche nke Golden Breweries Limited (1979-80), na-emezigharị ma na-eme ka ụlọ ọrụ biya ahụ dịghachi ndụ n'oge mmụba nde $ 50; yana dịka onye isi oche nke Imo State Newspapers Ltd ebe o buliri mgbasa ozi kwa ụbọchị nke Naijiria Statesman site na 50,000 ruo 150,000.

Ọ bụ onye nduzi mkpọsa, odeakwụkwọ pati na onye isi na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke NPP, nke meriri mmeri dị ukwuu (ihe karịrị 80%) na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu, gọọmentị na onye isi ala nke Imo na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] na 1979.

== TAkwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ==

* The Philosophy of Pan-Africanism, onye nchịkọta akụkọ. Washington, D.C., Georgetown University Press, 1965, 142 pp.
* The Tropical Dawn (abụ), Baltimore, Maryland, 1966; Buffalo, NY: Black Academy Press, Inc., 1970, 60 p.
* Leopold Sédar Senghor na nchekwa na ihe osise nke mmepeanya ndị isi ojii, Paris: Marcel Didier, 1968, 232 pp.
* Black Leaders of the Centuries, onye nchịkọta akụkọ, na Ram Desai. Buffalo: Black Academy Press, 1970, 302 peeji.
* Behind the Rising Sun (akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere agha Biafra). London, William Heinemann, 1971, 242p; akwụkwọ mpịakọta (African Writers Series, No. 113) London, Heinemann Educational Books, 1972.
* Modern Black Literature, onye nchịkọta akụkọ. Buffalo: Black Academy Press, 1971
* The Literary Works of Senghor, London Heinemann Educational Books, 1972, 121 pp.
* Igbo Market Literature, onye nchịkọta. 5 mpịakọta, Buffalo: Black Academy Press, 1972, 4000 peeji.
* The Meaning of Africa to Afro-Americans: A Comparative Study Of Race &amp; Racism, onye nchịkọta akụkọ. Buffalo: Black Academy Press, 1972, 175 peeji.
* ''Umu Ejima'' (Ụmụ ejima). Ntinye Igbo nke egwuregwu Latin ''Menaechmi'' nke Plautus. Owerri: Black Academy Press, 1975, 60 peeji.
* ''Leopold Sedar Senghor'' London: Heinemann, 1973.
* Ken Saro-Wiwa: The Life and Times, onye nchịkọta akụkọ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.blackacademypress.com/ Black Academy Press, Inc.]
* [https://www.facebook.com/pages/CPC-Congress-for-Progressive-Change/158561644161331 CPC (Congress for Progressive Change)] na Facebook.
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      <text bytes="103420" sha1="22k49kfr957pnz3t7nolnn0z5f5p5u1" xml:space="preserve">== We sent you an e-mail ==

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== Happy International Women's Day ==

Dear [[ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby]], I'm visiting the Igbo Wikipedia after a break, also in honor of International Women's Day. Did you know that the Igbo WP is noted as having the highest percentage of women contributors across the WP language projects? Well, I'm happy to tell you that I'm supporting your [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Oby Ezeilo|nomination for adminship]] based on the recommendation of [[ọbanife:Uzoma Ozurumba|Uzoma O.]]. Hoping all is well with you, and sending you best regards from the Western Galilee (where our local women WP editors group will celebrate its tenth anniversary this summer). [[Ọbanife:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Deborahjay|talk]]) 14:46, 8 Ọnwaàtọ 2021 (UTC)
== Template Localization ==
Hi! [[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]], how are you doing? I hope this finds you well. I have started creating these templates to modify this project, so I will be posting them for you to translate into Igbo.
Here are the ones ready to be localize (just modify the values on the right):
* [[Àtụ:Infobox biography/localize]]
* [[Àtụ:Infobox physical geography/localize]]
* [[Àtụ:Infobox language/localize]]
* [[Àtụ:Infobox biography/sport/tennis/localize]]
* [[Àtụ:Infobox biography/sport/football/localize]]
* [[Àtụ:Infobox biography/sport/basketball/localize]]
* [[Àtụ:Infobox intellectual work/localize]]
I will be updating you whenever it's ready. Thank you. [[Ọbanife:M-Mustapha|M-Mustapha]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:M-Mustapha|talk]]) 07:07, 3 Ọnwaìsiì 2021 (UTC)

== Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? ==

Hi! Oby,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].

Please vote and encourage other editors of Igbo Wikipedia to also vote.

Regards,

== Ihe nrite Onye Ntinyeaka  ==

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|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; | Anyị n'ekele gị maka ọrụ ị na-arụ na &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 Wikipidia Igbo]&lt;/span&gt;. '''Daalụ maka ịtụgharị edemede karịrị iri isii'''. Ị mere nke ọma, jisie ike! 
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:Ndeewo. Obi dị m ụtọ maka ihe nrite nke a. Daalụ Chukwu gọzie gị ma chekwaba Otu Wikimedia. [[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|ṅkátá]]) 11:35, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2022 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentysecond newsletter, covering December 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* January 15: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|Online user group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 15)
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2022/11/28/museology-myosotis-and-metadata-oh-my-sharing-sustainably-in-wikipedia/ Museology, Myosotis, and metadata oh my! Sharing sustainably in Wikipedia] (SDG 15)

'''Resources'''
* New Book: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1 Open Mapping Towards Sustainable Development Goals] (SDG all)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t66i3ztg-1E&amp;t=1717s Margaret Donald - Wikidata, OpenRefine &amp; Biota] (SDG 15)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_alismatid_families|List of alismatid families]] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11231|has biological vector]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11272|Bureau of Meteorology location ID]] (SDG 13)
* [[d:Property:P11277|CIViC gene ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11281|Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11282|Tanzania Parliament member ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11311|Lygaeoidea Species File ID]] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentythird newsletter, covering January 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|19 February - User group meeting]] (SDG all) 
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230115|15 January - User group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 14)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Dunedin_5|The 2023 Bug of the Year Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/challenge.php?id=74 Lexeme challenge Urology] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Veckans_tävling/Grodor_versus_ödlor|Swedish Wikipedia weekly challenge - Frogs versus lizards]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December_2022/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Three_hundred_episodes_of_Critter_of_the_Week|Three hundred episodes of Critter of the Week]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://zenodo.org/record/7521891#.Y9p6MdLMKw4 Wikidata Queries around the SARS-CoV-2 virus and pandemic] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/05/the-stories-behind-the-wiki-loves-earth-2022-photos-from-turkiye/ The stories behind the Wiki Loves Earth 2022 photos from Türkiye] (SDG 14)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/05/announcing-our-funding-support-from-the-patient-centered-outcomes-research-institute-pcori/ Announcing our funding support from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/04/jumping-for-science-how-wikipedia-assignments-inspire-stem-students/ Jumping for science: how Wikipedia assignments inspire STEM students] (SDG 14)
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Birds_of_NYC_Photo_Contest/Winners|Birds of NYC Photo Contest Winners announced!]] (SDG 14)
* [https://anchor.fm/civichackerpodcast/episodes/Using-Wikidata-to-Connect-Constituents-With-Their-Government-e1or922 Using Wikidata to Connect Constituents With Their Government] (SDG 16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/23/wiki-loves-earth-2022-presents-the-winners-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment/ Wiki Loves Earth 2022 presents the winners of the special nomination “Human rights and environment”!] (SDG 10 &amp; 14) 
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/19/equity-diversity-inclusion-in-affiliate-governance/ Equity, diversity &amp; inclusion in affiliate governance] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

'''Resources'''
* [https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/01/26/building-life-sciences-knowledge-graph-data-lake.htmlBuilding a Life Sciences Knowledge Graph with a Data Lake] (SDG 3)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HW6YxXRL18 Editor uses Wikidata to find new uses for existing drugs and speed up approval process for new treatments] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:WikiForHumanRights_Information_Session_2023.webm|WikiForHumanRights Information Session]] (SDG 10)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_birds_of_Tuvalu|List of birds of Tuvalu]] (SDG 14) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos|List of World Heritage Sites in Laos]] (SDG 11) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh|List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh]] (SDG 11)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11429|NIP]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11402|NSR doctor ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:/Property:P11430|UniProt disease ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11446|Strazha ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11500|United States House of Representatives ID]] (SDG 16)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfourth newsletter, covering February 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
'''Meetings'''
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|2023-03-05 User group meeting]] (SDG all)
* [[m:2023-03-19 User group meeting|Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions|Suggest &quot;Environmental sustainability and climate crisis&quot; topics for Wikimania]] (SDG all)
* Ongoing: [[m:Africa_Environment|Africa Environment WikiFocus]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [https://www.eventbrite.com/x/edit-for-climate-change-wikipedia-editathon-registration-526291811977 Edit for Climate Change: Wikipedia Editathon] (SDG 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|Capacity Building Sessions on &quot;Tools for Finding the Right Articles&quot; and &quot;Building Article List with Petscan&quot;]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Resources|Regional Office Hours for Africa and Maghreb Regions]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://observablehq.com/@thadk/garden NCBI breakdown of common garden foods with photographs by Phytotheca] (SDG 2)

'''Resources'''
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Sweden_report|3000 Arctic images]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Content_Partnerships_Hub_report|SMART-Servier Medical Art upload]] (SDG 3)

'''Research'''
* [https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/sustainability/ Open Source in Environmental Sustainability] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11576|Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11587|Iowa legislator ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11610|National Grid Balancing Mechanism unit ID]] (SDG 7)

'''Wikidata query examples'''
* [https://w.wiki/5Vu8 Map of disasters by type] (SDG 11)

'''Featured articles'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:South_Asian_river_dolphin|South Asian river dolphin]] (SDG 14)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sri_Lanka|List of World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka]] (SDG 11)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_lamiid_families|List of lamiid families]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96.jpg|Three horses (SDG 15)
File:Hunter_baby_chameleon.jpg|Hunter baby chameleon (SDG 15)
File:Rice_paper_butterfly_%2816709%29.jpg|Rice paper butterfly (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28top_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (top view) (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28side_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (side view).jpg (SDG 15)
File:Mockingbird_on_the_North_Lake_Trail_%2836851%29.jpg|Mockingbird on the North Lake Trail (SDG 15)
File:Striated_Pardalote_0012.jpg|Striated Pardalote (SDG 15)
File:Kleines_Wiesenv%C3%B6gelchen_am_Morgen.jpg|Wiesenvögelchen (SDG 15)
File:Immature_herring_gull_%2816259%29.jpg|Herring gull (SDG 15)
File:Northern_shoveler_male_in_Marine_Park_%2833296%29.jpg|Northern shoveler (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfifth newsletter, covering March 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230305|User group meeting 2023-03-05]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/30/join-the-wikiforhumanrights-campaign-and-contribute-knowledge-that-connects-human-rights-with-solutions-for-a-sustainable-future/ WikiForHumanRights] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Upcoming: April 19 - [[m:Translat-a-thon/NYC/2023|LaGuardia Community College Earth Day Translatathon with Casa de las Américas NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 22 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_2023_Bushwick|Earth Day 2023 Edit-a-thon Environment of Brooklyn Focus with Sure We Can]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 23 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_Wiknic|Earth Day Wiknic NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/WMF_GLAM_report|Gender and culture related event to test image suggestions on Wikipedia]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Edit_a_thon/artfeminism-edit-a-thon-for-nigerian-female-artists-2023|Art+Feminism edit-a-thon for Nigerian female artists]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/08/putting-our-energy-into-wikipedia-as-climate-action/ Putting our energy into Wikipedia as climate action] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/07/how-artfeminism-is-using-wikipedia-to-promote-equity-in-the-art-world/ How Art+Feminism is using Wikipedia to promote equity in the art world] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/New_Zealand_report|Biodiversity Heritage Library and Wikidata]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/USA_report|Black history month and more]] (SDG 10)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/14/women-do-news-tackling-the-gender-divide-in-journalism-through-wikipedia/ Women Do News: Tackling the Gender Divide in Journalism Through Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/17/wiki-loves-earth-2023-is-starting/ Wiki Loves Earth 2023 is starting!] (SDG 15)
* [https://medium.com/@openheritagefoundation/the-quest-to-close-the-gender-gap-on-wikipedia-continues-five-year-anniversary-with-feminism-ebd7a3b3185e The Quest to Close the Gender Gap on Wikipedia Continues; Five-Year Anniversary with Feminism &amp; Folklore] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/28/wikigap-malaysia-2023-empowering-women-in-indigenous-languages/ WikiGap Malaysia 2023: Empowering women in indigenous languages] (SDG 5)
* [https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/climate-crisis/wikipedia-has-a-climatetech-problem Wikipedia has a climatetech problem] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11623|NCI Drug Dictionary ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11649|Malaysia Federal Legislation act ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11650|Moscow University Herbarium ID]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11666|Norwegian Petroleum Directorate field ID]] (SDG 13)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_Saxifragales_families|List of Saxifragales families]] (SDG 15)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:Red-throated_wryneck|Red-throated wryneck]] (SDG 15)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Ourapteryx_yerburii_ssp._specimens_and_male_genitalia.jpg|Ourapteryx yerburii ssp. specimens and male genitalia (SDG 15)
Pterophorus_pentadactyla_-_Keila.jpg|Pterophorus pentadactyla (SDG 15)
Wood_duck_drake_%2886815%29.jpg|Wood duck drake (SDG 15)
Cardinal_%2886755%29.jpg|Cardinal (SDG 15)
Bunten_Kronwicke_%28Securigera_varia%29_Bl%C3%BCte-20200626-RM-173640.jpg|Bunten Kronwicke (Securigera varia) (SDG 15)
Neubrunn_Steinbruch_Blutrote_Heidelibelle_%28Sympetrum_sanguineum%29_8262082.jpg|Sympetrum sanguineum (SDG 15)
Boerenkrokus_%28Crocus_tommasinianus%29_28-02-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Crocus tommasinianus (SDG 15)
Papaya_-_longitudinal_section_close-up_view.jpg|Papaya - longitudinal section close-up view (SDG 15)
Aphantopus_hyperantus_-_Keila.jpg|Aphantopus hyperantus (SDG 15)
Australian_Zebra_Finch_0A2A3013.jpg|Australian Zebra Finch (SDG 15)
Melospiza_melodia_JRVdH_03.jpg|Melospiza melodia (SDG 15)
Roadside_hawk_%28Rupornis_magnirostris_griseocauda%29_eating_speckled_racer_%28Drymobius_margaritiferus%29_Orange_Walk.jpg|Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) (SDG 15)
Black_iguana_%28Ctenosaura_similis%29_Cayo.jpg|Black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28side_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (side view) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28dorsal_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (dorsal view) (SDG 15)
Fr%C3%BChlings-Knotenblume_%28Leucojum_vernum%29-20230220-RM-161056.jpg|Frühlings-Knotenblume (Leucojum vernum) (SDG 15)
Ocellated_turkey_%28Meleagris_ocellata%29_male_Peten.jpg|Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) male (SDG 15)
Geoffroy%27s_spider_monkey_%28Ateles_geoffroyi_yucatanensis%29_Peten_2.jpg|Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis) (SDG 15)
Bessen_van_een_Ophiopogon_planiscapus_%27Niger%27._28-02-2023._%28d.j.b%29.jpg|Ophiopogon planiscapus (SDG 15)
Protaetic_cuprea_ignicollis_2023-03-22_IZE-066.jpg|Protaetic cuprea ignicollis (SDG 15)
Monarch_butterflies_%28Danaus_plexippus_plexippus%29_Piedra_Herrada_2.jpg|Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) (SDG 15)
Cepaea_nemoralis_Paarung-20230314-RM-110511.jpg|Cepaea nemoralis (SDG 15)
Wiesen_Pippau_%28Crepis_biennis%29-20220624-RM-123950.jpg|Crepis biennis (SDG 15)
Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) Cayo.jpg|Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) (SDG 15)
Trifolium_spadiceum_-_Niitv%C3%A4lja.jpg|Trifolium spadiceum (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-sixth newsletter, covering April 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting 2023-05-07]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20230402|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_the_Challenge|WikiForHumanRights 2023 International Writing Contest]] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_Community_Events|WikiForHumanRights 2023 local community events]] (SDG 13, 15, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki_Climate_Campus_Tour_Nigeria|WikiCampusTourNigeria Project]] (SDG 6, 13, 14, 15)
* Upcoming (and past): [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Kvinnor,_arkitektur_och_design|Women, architecture and design]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Albania_report|WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|BBC 100 women editathon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Kosovo_report|WikiGAP in Prishtina]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Switzerland_report|15 Days of French women writers]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/DC/TSU_USF_Women%27s_History_Month_Wikipedia_Edit-a-thon|TSU USF Women's History Month Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Smithsonian_AWHI/Meetup/Crafting_a_Better_Wikipedia:_Women_of_Color_in_the_Renwick_Gallery|Crafting a Better Wikipedia: Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/07/tuswug-s2e2-women-in-wiki/ TUSWUG S2E2: Women in Wiki] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/13/inaugural-edition-of-the-organizer-lab-awards-6-community-grants/ Inaugural edition of the organizer lab awards – 6 community grants] (SDG 5 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/29/bolstering-womens-voices-and-histories-on-wikipedia/ Bolstering women’s voices and histories on Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|A huge upload for biologists]] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPPBhuQPhs&amp;ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation WikiForHumanRights 2023 Launch Webinar] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|WikiForHumanRights 2023 and WMF Human Rights Team Online Safety Capacity Building for Organizers]] (SDG 13)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLBSSlrI2vo WikiForHummanRights 2023 and Let's Connect Capacity building on good practices for retention] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/living-through-a-triple-planetary-emergency-capturing-the-most-impactful-knowledge-to-weather-the-storm/ Living through a Triple Planetary Emergency: Capturing the Most Impactful Knowledge to Weather the Storm] (SDG 10 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/wikimedia-foundation-environmental-sustainability-report-for-2022/ Wikimedia Foundation Environmental Sustainability Report for 2022] (SDG 13)
* [[:File:Wikimedia_h%C3%A5llbarhetsrapport_2022.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige sustainability report 2022]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)

'''Research'''
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12964 Hypotheses in urban ecology: building a common knowledge base] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11698|student retention rate]] (SDG 4)
* [[d:Property:P11704|INEP ID]] (SDG 4) [51]
* [[d:Property:P11729|Kulturenvanteri.com ID]] (SDG 11)
* [[d:Property:P11747|holds diplomatic passport of]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11741|SINTA affiliation ID]] (SDG 4)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_afrosoricids|List of afrosoricids]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Leptura_quadrifasciata_female_-_Keila.jpg|Leptura quadrifasciata (SDG 15)
Bursa_lamarckii_01.jpg|Bursa lamarckii (SDG 15)
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_head_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Western_Bowerbird_0A2A0436.jpg|Chlamydera guttata (SDG 15)
White-breasted_nuthatch_%2826471%29.jpg|Sitta carolinensis (SDG 15)
Patzmannsdorf_-_K%C3%BCrbisfeld_mit_Pfarrkirche_und_Raiffeisen-Silo_in_Stronsdorf.jpg|Pumpkin field (SDG 2)
Cinnamon-bellied_flowerpiercer_%28Diglossa_baritula%29_male_on_Indian_shot_%28Canna_indica%29_Finca_El_Pilar.jpg|Diglossa baritula &amp; Canna indica (SDG 15)
Knoppen_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer_platanoides%29._03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer platanoides (SDG 15)
Cinnamon_hummingbird_%28Amazilia_rutila%29_in_flight_Los_Tarrales.jpg|Amazilia rutila (SDG 15)
Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg|Passiflora edulis (SDG 15)
Golden-fronted_%28Velasquez%27s%29_woodpecker_%28Melanerpes_aurifrons%29_male_Copan.jpg|Melanerpes aurifrons (SDG 15)
Argiope_spider_female_adult_on_her_web_dorsal_view_black_background_Don_Det_Laos.jpg|Argiope versicolor (SDG 15)
Daslook._Allium_ursinum%2C_zwellende_bloemknop._18-04-2022_%28actm.%29_04.jpg|Allium ursinum (SDG 15)
Fallen_leaf_of_Platanus_x_hispanica_%281%29.jpg|Platanus x hispanica (SDG 15)
Thymelicus_lineola_underside_-_Keila.jpg|Thymelicus lineola (SDG 15)
Japanse_esdoorn_%28Acer_palmatum%29_03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer palmatum (SDG 15) [38]
Common_kestrel_%28Falco_tinnunculus%29_female_%28IMGP1648r2-DNA%29.jpg|Falco tinnunculus (SDG 15) [39]
California_sea_lion_nap_time_in_La_Jolla_%2870474%29.jpg|Zalophus californianus (SDG 15) [40]
Bladknop_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer%29._13-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29_01.jpg|Acer pseudoplatanus (SDG 15)
Tamarind_fruits_%28Tamarindus_indica_%27Si_Thong%27%29.jpg|Tamarindus indica (SDG 15)
White_leucistic_squirrel_with_a_peanut_%2885668%29.jpg|Sciurus carolinensis (SDG 15) [43]
Fork-tailed_flycatcher_%28Tyrannus_savana_monachus%29_in_flight_Cayo.jpg|Tyrannus savana monachus (SDG 15)
Rapa_incurva_01.jpg|Rapa incurva (SDG 15)
Arboreal_stingless_bee_nest_%28Trigona_sp.%29_Flores.jpg|Trigona sp. (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Templates ==

Good day Ezeilo,
My name is Reading Beans and I edit majorly at the English Wikipedia. I recently brought [[en:Igbo literature]] (an article I started from scratch) to good article status. 
I have a native understanding of Igbo language (because I am Igbo too) and I had to translate it to Igbo. But, I do have a problem; most templates for referencing in the English Wikipedia does not exist here. 
And so, I was wondering if you could make a request at meta for the creation of these templates. I'm talking about templates such as {{sfn}}￼ or {{efn}}, but most importantly sfn. Best, [[Ọbanife:Reading Beans|Reading Beans]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Reading Beans|ṅkátá]]) 11:11, 10 Ọktoba 2023 (UTC)

:[[Ọbanife:Reading Beans|@Reading Beans]] Hello, thank you so much for your work. Daalụ. However l don't understand the template you are referring to . We  Can  chat better with email if you don't mind. Mine is oby.ezeilo@gmail.com.
:Ndeewo [[Ihü kárírí:Contributions/102.91.70.194|102.91.70.194]] 14:50, 10 Ọktoba 2023 (UTC)
::@[[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]], I sent a mail to you. Best, [[Ọbanife:Reading Beans|Reading Beans]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Reading Beans|ṅkátá]]) 17:10, 10 Ọktoba 2023 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-seventh newsletter, a sort of year-in-review for 2023.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

Dear Wikimedians for Sustainable Development,

As we bid farewell to 2023, we reflect on a year that has been an uneven year for our user group. While the journey has been marked by some truly inspiring events, most of our efforts have been largely uncoordinated and the user group hasn't been the support it could have been. Yet, there's a glimmer of hope and a world of potential for 2024.

'''Highlights of 2023:'''

;Newsletters Galore: We kicked off the year with zeal, sharing updates and inspiration through four newsletters. The number of things happening in the movement is astounding, but we need to rethink the format of the newsletter going into the next year.

;Growing Strong: The Wikimedians for Sustainable Development family welcomed 33 new members in 2023. Your passion and dedication continue to inspire us, and we look forward to nurturing this community spirit in the year ahead.

;Wikimania Talks: Our voices echoed far and wide at Wikimania, where several members of our community took the virtual stage to share insights and ideas about everything from Wikipedians-in-Residence's to open data. Your contributions showcased our commitment to sustainable development on a global scale.

;Content Creation Magic: Throughout the year, our extended community demonstrated incredible dedication to expanding the knowledge base on Wikipedia. Countless hours were spent creating and curating content that aligns with our mission, contributing to a more sustainable digital ecosystem.

;Campaigning hard: We saw a large variety of campaigns, from writing challenges to editathons. The willingness to experiment with new formats and partners, as well as learning from past efforts, shows great promise for the future.

'''Acknowledging Challenges:'''

While we celebrate these achievements, we acknowledge that 2023 presented its fair share of challenges. A lack of global coordination reminded us that the road to sustainable development is not always linear. However, it is precisely these challenges that fuel our determination to work together more cohesively in the coming year and proof that the user group is needed.

'''Hopeful Anticipation for 2024:'''

As we turn the page to 2024, let's carry forward the lessons learned and the successes celebrated. We are optimistic that, with renewed energy and a collective commitment, we will overcome obstacles and create an even more impactful and connected Wikimedians for Sustainable Development community.

Here's to a year of collaboration, growth, and making a lasting impact on the world through our shared passion for sustainability. Together, we can turn challenges into opportunities and pave the way for a brighter future.

Wishing you all a joyous holiday season and a Happy New Year!

Warm regards,
[[m:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]], [[m:User:Daniel Mietchen|User:Daniel Mietchen]]

PS. We have started writing [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|our yearly report]], please add your activities to it.

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-eighth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* We have submitted our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|2023 annual report]].
* Upcoming meeting: on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|9 February]], we'll have a call about roles and responsibilities in the user group. This is an attempt to make more opportunities to engage more of the user groups members in its activities. If you want to help out in some way, but don't know how, this is a meeting for you to get help creating that opportunity. If you know how you would like to help, but don't know how to get started, this is also the meeting for you.

; Other news
* New Wikiproject for Climate Change on Basque Wikipedia: [[:eu:Wikiproiektu:Klima aldaketa|Wikiproiektu Klima Aldaketa]]
* Climate Justice, Digital Rights and Indigenous Voices international Wikimedia event in Huaraz, Peru 2024: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDIuZQ61v35y3Q293ZV9YjNWOHsgwvq3t2XjP2cQ0OHG-EPA/viewform Engagement Survey] (closes 2 Feb)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-ninth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* On 9 February, we had a user group meeting on roles and responsibilities ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240209|minutes]])
* Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 17 March]]

; Other news
* Wiki Loves Earth: Reminder that if you want to [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2024/Organise|organize a local competition]], it is time to get started. (SDG 15 and 14)
* Wiki for Human Rights: Reminder that if you would like to [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|organize a local event]], there is support available. (SDG 10) 
* Study: [https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/650852934/Meier_Wiki_Climate.pdf Using Wikipedia Pageview Data to Investigate Public Interest in Climate Change at a Global Scale] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtieth newsletter covering March and April 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 19 May]]

; Other news
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-03-29/Recent_research#Other_recent_publications|Wikipedia Signpost highlighted five papers about climate change editing]]. (SDG 13)
* On Wikidata, [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|a model for documenting green house gas emissions]] has been created. (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/EPA_Victoria_WiR_April_2024_Update An update] from the Wikipedian in Residence at the  Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia.
* WikiAcción Perú organized a training session: &quot;[[m:Volunteer Supporters Network/VSN Training: Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement|Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement]]&quot; (SDG 13)
* WikiForHumanRights organized a session: &quot;[[m:Event:Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage|Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage]]&quot;

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, starts in May. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [[m:Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region|Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region]] starts in May.  (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtyfirst newsletter, covering May 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]], 16 June
* [[m:Talk:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development#Mini_report_from_the_Wikimedia_Summit_2024|Mini report from the Wikimedia Summit 2024]]
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/jan-ainali-wikimedians-for-sustainable-development-wikimedia-summit-2024-265/ User group representative interviewed by Wikipediapodden] at Wikimedia Summit ([[:File:WP265 - Jan Ainali, Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, Wikimedia Summit 2024.mp3|commons]])
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240519|Minutes from user group meeting in May]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/05/02/reflecting-_women-for-sustainability-africa-arts-feminism-her-voice-campaign-2023/ Reflecting _Women For Sustainability Africa Arts + Feminism #Her Voice Campaign 2023]
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report: Climate change and GLAM]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library April monthly highlights]] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00166-y WikiProject Biodiversity featured in Nature Africa] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFWS7hfetZk Wikimedia UK releases a video about their climate focus] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, continues in some countries. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtysecond newsletter, covering June 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Movement Charter Vote|User group vote on the adoption of the Movement Charter]] (closes 7 July 23.59 UTC)
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming user group meeting]] 21 July
* User group meeting held in June - [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240616|minutes]]
* The group was featured in the latest WikiAfrica Hour: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6VI20qopk #36: Does the Wikimedia movement contribute to the SDGs?]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/stories-from-the-anti-disinformation-repository-how-wikiproject-covid-19-and-other-wikimedia-initiatives-counter-health-disinformation/ Stories from the anti-disinformation repository: How WikiProject COVID-19 and other Wikimedia initiatives counter health disinformation] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Environment_Centre_NT_Wikipedian_in_Residence Environment Centre Northern Territory Wikipedian in Residence] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.gp.se/debatt/med-ai-kan-vi-oka-transparensen-om-foretagens-klimatavtryck.2dd4e006-57e3-4534-a0be-70ca56a289e4 With AI can we increase transparency of companies' carbon footprints] (in Swedish). Op-ed that mentions that the greenhouse gas emissions of the top 150 companies on the Stockholm stock exchange has been uploaded to Wikidata. The model is documented on [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|WikiProject Climate Change on Wikidata]]. (SDG 13)
* [[wmfblog:2024/06/25/another-year-in-review-where-is-wikimedia-in-the-climate-crisis-seeing-the-impact-of-wikimedia-projects/|Another Year in Review: Where is Wikimedia in the Climate Crisis? Seeing the impact of Wikimedia Projects]] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/06/24/46-scholars-self-advocates-bring-knowledge-to-wikipedias-disability-healthcare-content/ 46 scholars, self-advocates bring knowledge to Wikipedia’s disability healthcare content] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:Wikimedia klimatpåverkansrapport 2023.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige publishes their 2023 climate impact report]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)
* WikiProject Govdirectory has started [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Weekly collaboration|weekly collaboration on countries]] (SDG 16)

; Events
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/wikimedia-chapters-and-groups-organise-the-first-sharks-and-rays-wikimarathon/ Wikimedia chapters and groups organise the first Sharks and Rays Wikimarathon] (29 June, but edits in the weeks after are welcome) (SDG 14)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty third newsletter, covering July 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 10, 13, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting held in July, [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240721|minutes]]
* Next user group meeting will be 18 August

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Climate change editahon and workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/wikiforhumanrights-in-nigeria-2024-campaign-virtual-launch/ WikiForHumanRights in Nigeria 2024 Campaign Virtual Launch]  (SDG 10&amp;16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/what-we-learned-from-wiki-women-in-red-8-campaign-2023-women-for-sustainability-africa/ What we Learned from Wiki Women In Red @8 Campaign 2023 Women for Sustainability Africa] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/ghanaian-wikipedians-set-to-educate-students-on-open-climate/ Ghanaian Wikipedians set to educate students on Open Climate] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/23/using-wikipedia-as-a-tool-for-climate-action/ Using Wikipedia as a Tool for Climate Action] (SDG 13)

; Events
* 5th August,  [[m:Event:Wiki-Green_Conference_2024  Wiki-Green Conference]] (SDG 13)
* 7-10 August, Wikimania - [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|All SDG related sessions]] 
* 7-9 November, [https://wikimedia.org.ar/2024/07/03/justicia-climatica-voces-indigenas-y-plataformas-wikimedia/ Justicia climática, voces indígenas y plataformas Wikimedia] (SDG 13)

; Participate
* Share an example of a successful [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|WikiProject or topical collaboration]] in this on-wiki survey

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== Rịọ ka ihichapụ akụkọ ahụ ==

Ndewo, akụkọ a na-emebi iwu ndị dị na ya, ọ ga-abụkwa na a ga-ehichapụ ya ngwa ngwa, n'ihi na Wikipedia nwere usoro maka nyochaa ibe ọhụrụ, biko hichapụ ya kpamkpam, amụma ngosi, yana ozi akwadoghị site na isi mmalite ndị nwere onwe. [[Ihü kárírí:Contributions/156.217.224.226|156.217.224.226]] 20:15, 1 Septemba 2024 (UTC)

:@[https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malak_Sawaf#] [[Ihü kárírí:Contributions/156.217.224.226|156.217.224.226]] 20:15, 1 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
::[[Malak Sawaf#]] [[Ihü kárírí:Contributions/156.217.224.226|156.217.224.226]] 20:15, 1 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
:::Ndeewo. Biko aghọtaghị m akụkọ Ị na-ekwu maka ya. BIKO gosi m ka m ghọta. [[Ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Oby Ezeilo|ṅkátá]]) 11:27, 2 Septemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 11, 15, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20240915|Next user group meeting]], 15 September, will be focused on starting to develop a strategy for the group. If you cannot attend, you can leave your input on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030/Ideas|the ideas page]].
* User group meeting held in August ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240818|minutes]])

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|Report from WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Meeting for Writing on Femenist Strikes and Wiki for Peace Camp St. Imier]] (SDG 5 &amp; 16)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]] (SDG 15)
* Wikimania had a lot of [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|SDG related sessions]] and you can watch them back now 

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2024|Wiki Loves Monuments]] starts in September (SDG 11)

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== mmachibido iwu ==

[[Ihü kárírí:Contributions/196.133.30.2|&lt;bdi&gt;196.133.30.2&lt;/bdi&gt;]] Onye a na-emebi akụkọ [[Ihü kárírí:Contributions/156.217.224.24|156.217.224.24]] 06:09, 4 Septemba 2024 (UTC)

== Gbochie onye a ==

Ndewo enyi m, onye a na-emebi akụkọ@[[Ọbanife:156.217.224.24|156.217.224.24]] [[Ọbanife:Moner28|Moner28]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Moner28|ṅkátá]]) 06:15, 4 Septemba 2024 (UTC)

== Mmachibido akaụntụ ==

[https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ih%C3%BC_k%C3%A1r%C3%ADr%C3%AD:Contributions/196.128.83.91] Ndewo, onye a bụ onye na-emebi ihe, biko gbochie ya [[Ọbanife:Samy bo7|Samy bo7]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Samy bo7|ṅkátá]]) 17:29, 9 Septemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240915|User group meeting held in September on strategy for the group]]

; Other news
* [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024/Submissions/Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region|Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region]], presentation at CEE meeting. ([https://www.youtube.com/live/iB3KNFtA4xI?t=6739 YouTube])
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/09/30/all-about-wiki-green-conference-2024/ All About Wiki-Green Conference 2024] (SDG 13)

; Events
* Course: [https://wikiedu.org/courses/global-approaches-to-climate-finance-4/ Global Approaches to Climate Finance] by WikiEdu (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming meeting]], 24 November, 17.00 UTC

; Other news
* Talk at WikiIndaba: [[m:WikiIndaba 2024/Proposal/Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region|Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/17/championing-inclusion-in-the-wikimedia-movement-africa-wiki-women-presentation-at-the-wiki-niger-conference/ Championing Inclusion in the Wikimedia Movement: Africa Wiki Women Presentation at the Wiki Niger Conference] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/25/mountains-birds-and-lakes-wiki-loves-earth-2024-central-asia-edition/ Mountains, Birds and Lakes: Wiki Loves Earth 2024 – Central Asia Edition] (SDG 15)

; Events
* November 6, 12 and 21: [https://universityofexeter.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJAkdeqrrzMoGdEeMYlR6q0A7QMHwwwM2VIZ#/registration Climate Change &amp; Health in the UK - Wikipedia workshop] (SDG 3 and 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 8, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting, 24 November ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241124|minutes]])
* We are working on our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]], please add activities that you would like to work on.

; Other news
* [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 8 (November 2024)|CEE Catch up Nr. 8 with a sustainability theme]]
* [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia|Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/New_Zealand_report#nz-edit|Report from New Zealand Species Edit-a-thons]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/Macedonia_report#vvc|Report from climate change editing workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2024/Contents/Croatia_report|DeGrowth in November with students, artists and academics in Croatia]] (SDG 8&amp;12)
* The new [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#November_2024:_Production_deployment_and_security_review_complete|Charts extension has been enabled on Wikimedia Commons]]. It's time to start bringing all your local sustainability related charts over there! (SDG 17)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers|Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia|Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia]] (SDG 13)
* Just started: [[m:Event:African Legislators in Red|African Legislators in Red]] (SDG 16)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241229|minutes]])
* We have adopted an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]]!

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_hWBwaQxaw Lightning talk by Adam Harangzo - National Institute for Health and Care Research on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/11/top-photos-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2024%f0%9f%a4%9d/ Top photos of the special nomination “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2024!] (SDG 10&amp;15)
* [https://www.wikimedia.nz/nz-species-editathon-recap/ Two days, 15 editors, 750 edits] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/28/a-peekaboo-into-our-butterflying-trip-from-the-amazon-of-the-east/ A Peekaboo Into Our Butterflying Trip from the Amazon of the East] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/12/27/brooklyn-college-students-bring-ecology-course-content-to-wikipedia/ Brooklyn College students bring ecology course content to Wikipedia] (SDG 13&amp;15
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09636625241268890 Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on WikipediaDeclaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 11, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250223|User group meeting 23 February]]
* User group meeting in January ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250119|minutes]]).
* The user group submitted an annual report in the new [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy/Implementation/Affiliate health criteria/Reports/2024/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|affiliate health criteria format]], and as an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2024|activity report]].
* The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030|2030 strategy]] for the user group was adopted.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/06/swiss-server-helped-optimise-wikidata-in-the-field-of-medicine/ Swiss server helped optimise Wikidata in the field of medicine] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/08/photographers-from-turkiye-tell-the-story-of-award-wining-photos-in-wiki-loves-earth-2024/ Photographers from Türkiye tell the story of award wining photos in Wiki Loves Earth 2024] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZnAp7oovlg OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Disaster Times - CEE Meeting 2024 Istanbul] (SDG 11)

; Events
* 1-28 February: [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5DC7IKHKGBEE5KOD4PY2XNKT55EA6LW4/|Wiki Loves Africa: Climate &amp; Weather ISA campaign]] (SDG 13)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;We would like to hear about your experiences with Temporary Accounts&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]]
'''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo This survey should take no longer than 5 minutes to complete.]'''

The Trust &amp; Safety Product team recently made [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] available on 12 wikis. There are plans to expand this to a larger set of wikis in the coming weeks and months and then proceed with a complete deployment later this year. Your participation in this survey will be immensely valuable in helping us understand how well Temporary Accounts are working and what we can improve on going forward.

The privacy policy for this survey may be [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|viewed at this link]]. By completing this survey, you agree to the terms set forward in the privacy policy.

Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;ṅkátá&lt;/span&gt;]]) 02:50, 27 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fortieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in February ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250223|minutes]]).

; Other news
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2025/Organise|Time to get ready to organize Wiki Loves Earth]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/02/05/women-of-the-future-international-womens-day-2025/ ‘Women of the Future’ – International Women’s Day 2025] (SDG 5)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/02/17/the-experts-behind-the-edits-expanding-public-understanding-of-healthcare/ The Experts Behind the Edits: Expanding public understanding of healthcare] (SDG 3)
* [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise and Ecosia Partner to Drive Sustainable Search Innovation] (SDG 13)
* A [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Policies|subproject to WikiProject Climate Change about Climate Change Policies]] has just started on Wikidata (SDG 13)

; Events
* 1 March: [[m:Event:Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire|Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire]] (SDG 8)
* 7 March [[m:Event:Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025|Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025]] (SDG 16)
* 8 March–1 April: [[m:Event:Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025|Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025]] (SDG 5)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13, 15 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/03/27/organise-your-local-wiki-loves-earth-in-2025/ Organise your local Wiki Loves Earth in 2025!] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar ID|Wikidata property proposal for the Climate Policy Radar]] (SDG 13)
* [https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/85640/NKB_Debatt_Wikipedia.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Biologists encourage other biologists to edit Wikipedia] (in Swedish) (SDG 15)
* A [[c:File:Langzeitkooperationen zwischen Museen und dem Wikipedia-Universum.pdf|presentation on long-term collaborations between museums and the Wikimedia universe]] was given on March 10 at a [https://www.kiekeberg-museum.de/fileadmin/user_upload/3_4_1_Tagungen/geplante_tagungen/Programm_Tagung_Mittwochs_ist_Museumstag_-_Langzeitkooperationen_im_Museum_10-11.3.2025_FLMK3.pdf symposium on long-term collaborations with museums in Germany](SDG 17)
* A [[c:File:Gemeinsam mehr erreichen Freies Wissen als Grundlage der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wikimedia und anderen Ehrenamtsinitiativen.pdf|presentation on existing and potential collaborations between the Wikimedia community and other volunteer communities]] was given on March 29 at a [https://tdsummit.d-s-e-e.de/ national volunteering convention] in Germany (SDG 17)

; Events
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250420|Next user group meeting: 20 April]]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250420|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/09/zombie-ants-to-bioremediation-the-world-of-entomopathogenic-fungi/ Zombie ants to bioremediation: The world of entomopathogenic fungi] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/21/with-foundation-increases-support-to-expand-disability-healthcare-information-on-wikipedia/ WITH Foundation increases support to expand disability healthcare information on Wikipedia] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/04/04/women-and-health-project-improving-the-representation-of-womens-health-on-wikipedia/ Women and Health Project: Improving the representation of women’s health on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;5)

; Events
* May 19: [[m:Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025|Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025]] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 10, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 22 June: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* Several papers presented at WikiWorkshop:
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_24.pdf EcoWikiRS: Using Species Descriptions in Wikipedia and Remote Sensing to Learn about the Ecological Properties of a Place] (SDG 15)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_6.pdf Data Extraction Methods for Analyzing Gender Bias on Wikipedia's Front Page]  (SDG 5)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_28.pdf Measuring Cross-Lingual Information Gaps in English Wikipedia: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_14.pdf Exploring Wikipedia community practices during the 2024 European Parliament election] (SDG 16)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_55.pdf Wikipedia as a Tool for Tracking Mass Migration Flows: Insights from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_65.pdf Regulations in Wikidata: The case of PFAS-related regulations] (SDG 3 &amp; 16)
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/minimal-viable-species-stub-315/ Podcast about the minimal viable species stub] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/05/media-literacy-and-responding-to-emergencies-and-disinformation/ Wikimedia UK and the Royal Society host workshop on information literacy and future health emergencies] (SDG 3)

; Events
* 16 June: [[w:en:Event:Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon|Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon]]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  6 July: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250706|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I8Nr_UamtM Biodiversidade na Wiki] (in Portuguese) (SDG 15)
* [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality] (SDG 5&amp;15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/20/rethinking-wiki-engagement-in-medical-research-insights-from-a-residency-at-nihr/ Rethinking Wiki engagement in medical research: insights from a residency at NIHR]  (SDG 3)

; Events
* 24 July: [https://mdi.georgetown.edu/events/guwikieditathonsummer2025/ Editing for Equity: Closing the Wikipedia Gender Gap] (SDG 5)
* 2 &amp; 9 August: [https://events.humanitix.com/nz-species-editathon-wellington New Zealand Species Edit-a-thon] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  6 July: User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250706|minutes]])
* We are trying to establish better governance for the user group and [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Draft by-laws|have some inspiration]] on which your comments are requested.

; Other news
* To promote sustainability and increase the visibility of the Sustainable Development Goals, the [[w:tr:Vikiproje:S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir_Kalk%C4%B1nma|&quot;Sustainable Development Wikiproject&quot; was launched on the Turkish Wikipedia]]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/11/wiki-loves-butterfly-community-led-contributions-in-dzongu-valley-north-sikkim-india/ Wiki Loves Butterfly: Community-Led Contributions in Dzongu Valley, North Sikkim, India] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/12/gender-climate-and-sustainability-my-journey-with-the-awa-fellowship-2025/ Gender, Climate and Sustainability: My Journey with the AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/amplifying-inclusion-and-climate-justice-through-open-knowledge-my-journey-as-a-fellow-under-awa-fellowship-2025/ Amplifying Inclusion and Climate Justice Through Open Knowledge: My Journey as a Fellow under AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/justice-through-open-knowledge-training-human-rights-advocate-to-document-human-rights-incident-with-wikipedia-and-wikimedia-commons/ Justice through Open Knowledge: Training Human Rights Advocate to Document Human Rights Incident with Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons] (SDG 10)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/16/wings-of-bengal-the-winners-of-wiki-loves-bangla-2025/ Wings of Bengal: The Winners of Wiki Loves Bangla 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://infomgnt.org/posts/2025-07-16-Connecting-Knowledge-with-Wikidata-a-practical-Project-with-the-Museum-fuer-Naturkunde-Berlin/ Connecting Knowledge with Wikidata: A Practical Project with the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/19/when-time-slows-down-documenting-butterflies-in-the-north-eastern-himalayas/ When Time Slows Down: Documenting Butterflies in the North Eastern Himalayas] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/wiki-loves-earth-celebrates-1000000-images-of-the-natural-heritage-worldwide/ Wiki Loves Earth celebrates 1,000,000 images of the natural heritage worldwide!] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/28/closing-content-gaps-highlights-from-my-july-as-an-awa-inclusion-and-climate-justice-fellow/ Closing Content Gaps: Highlights from my July as an AWA Inclusion and Climate Justice Fellow] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/01/thrilling-two-day-butterfly-expedition-in-central-odisha/ Thrilling Two-Day Butterfly Expedition in Central Odisha] (SDG 15)

; Events
* 6-9 August: Wikimania is coming up, and you can easily [[wikimania:2025:Registration|join remotely]]. Find [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|all sessions related to the Sustainable Development Goals]].

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  21 September: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User Group Meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/07/when-butterflies-took-over-a-classroom/ When Butterflies Took Over a Classroom] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/13/a-walk-with-butterflies-that-healed-the-heart/ A Walk with Butterflies That Healed the Heart] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/21/wikimania-2025-information-integrity-on-climate-change-on-wikimedia-projects/ Wikimania 2025: Information Integrity on Climate Change on Wikimedia projects] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/botanical-perspective-of-wikitutuwuhan-project/ Botanical Perspective of WikiTutuwuhan Project] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Past, present and future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library] (SDG 15)
* [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|All SDG related sessions at Wikimania]]

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:Hello kindly check the date for the meeting [[Ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|Oby Ezeilo]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Oby Ezeilo|ṅkátá]]) 11:48, 20 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 7 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250921|minutes]])

; Other news
* The OpenStreetMap community has an initiative called &quot;[https://mapyourgrid.org/ MapYourGrid]&quot; focused on energy infrastructure on Wikidata and Open Streetmap. (SDG 7)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/18/bridging-climate-science-and-the-public-how-the-austrian-climate-report-found-a-home-on-wikipedia/ Bridging Climate Science and the Public: How the Austrian Climate Report Found a Home on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/27/microworld-a-wikimedia-fueled-microbial-exhibition-in-northern-argentina/ Microworld: a Wikimedia-fueled microbial exhibition in northern Argentina] (SDG 4)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/30/wiki-green-conference-2025/ Wiki-Green Conference 2025]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/01/ewe-language-activists-trained-to-translate-the-sustainable-development-goals-online/ Ewe Language Activists Trained to Translate the Sustainable Development Goals Online]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/11/how-wikimedia-commons-is-making-microbiology-open-lessons-from-wikimedistas-de-jujuy-argentina/ How Wikimedia Commons is making microbiology open: lessons from Wikimedistas de Jujuy, Argentina] (SDG 4)
* The [https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Faktamall_f%C3%B6retag&amp;diff=58499099&amp;oldid=57412306 Swedish Wikipedia company infobox now shows carbon emissions data] retreived from Wikidata for over 200 companies. (SDG 13)

; Events
* 6 November–3 December:  [[m:Event:Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025|Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025]] (SDG 5)
* 11 November: [[m:Event:First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] (SDG 10)
* 1–30 November: [[w:id:Wikipedia:Bulan_Asia_Wikipedia_2025|Bulan Asia Wikipedia 2025]] (SDG 10)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 11 December: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20251211|User group call]]
* As are ending the year and will be wrapping up on the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|current annual plan]] we are doing a few sprints. If every member of the user group makes just one contribution, we will finish these easily and have a great resource for the entire community. Please check out these and see if you can help out:
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Video translation|Videos with translatable subtitles]] 
*** Help by identifying which videos need translation
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Charts coordination|Charts]]
*** Help by identifying charts that should be used in SDG topics
&lt;br/&gt;

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/ Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/10/northern-argentine-wikimedians-recognized-in-regional-openstreetmap-contest/ Northern Argentine Wikimedians recognized in regional OpenStreetMap Contest] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/LMyQBP/ny-ai-modell-svenska-foretags-utslapp-av-koldioxid Garbo gräver fram siffror på utsläpp av koldioxid] news in Swedish about carbon emissions data being added to the company infoboxes (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.at/der-klimabericht-und-die-wikipedia-teil-3-wissenschaftskommunikation/ Der Klimabericht und die Wikipedia Teil 3: Wissenschaftskommunikation] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[m:SheSaid|SheSaid campaign on Wikiquote]]. From 1 September until 31 December 2025. (SDG 5)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fiftieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  User group call, 11 December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20251211|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/08/wikiforhumanrights-2025-documenting-ghanas-just-energy-transition-through-the-lens/ WikiForHumanRights 2025: Documenting Ghana’s Just Energy Transition Through the Lens] (SDG 7)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2025/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Update_on_the_Bioeconomy_Science_Institute_Wikimedian_in_Residence|Update on the Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/14/wikiforhumanrights-2025-campaign-in-ghana/ WikiForHumanRights 2025 campaign in Ghana] (SDG 7&amp;13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/12/topics-for-impact/ Topics for impact] by Wikimedia UK
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/ Project Gayatri: A Year of Building Knowledge, Closing with Heart] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2025|annual report for 2025]] was published.
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Next user group meeting]] is 22 February.
* The drafting of the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2026|2026 annual plan]] is under way, please help.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/09/winning-images-of-the-special-category-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2025%F0%9F%A4%9D/ Winning images of the special category “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2025🤝] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* A proposal for a climate and sustainability meetup at Wikimania has been submitted. Keep your fingers crossed it gets accepted!

; Other news
* [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud Metabase], a project to create a [[m:Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Knowledge Base|movement-wide knowledgebase for activities and initiatives]], now has the property [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud/wiki/Property:P109 relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator] and all the Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators. This makes it possible to make sure that your projects and initiative that supports these are marked as doing so and also find previous efforts related to them.
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists: Why thematic engagement matters] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/influence-of-seasonal-and-eco-climatic-factors-on-butterfly-diversity-insights-from-wiki-loves-butterfly/ Influence of Seasonal and Eco-climatic Factors on Butterfly Diversity: Insights from Wiki Loves Butterfly] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/african-women-in-climate-action-a-continued-editing-journey-through-the-edither-africa-contest-2026/ African Women in Climate Action: A Continued Editing Journey through the EditHer Africa Contest 2026] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

; Events
* March is Women's History Month and also has the Internaltional Women's day, so there are plenty of related events. Check out [[m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]] to find some near you. (SDG 5)
* [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] (SDG 4, 10 &amp;17)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* There is now a [[c:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|user box template on Wikimedia Commons]] that you can use to show that you are participant of the user group. There were already user boxes on [[m:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Meta]], [[d:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Wikidata]], [[w:en:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|English]] and [[w:sv:Mall:Användare Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Swedish]] Wikipedia. If your home wiki uses user boxes but lacks one, feel free to copy any of these to it.

; Other news
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/ “Cinematic intensity”: The winners of Wiki Loves Earth 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00940-y Scientists should join collaborative online editing communities for biodiversity] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/04/15/from-lens-to-knowledge-citizen-science-through-wiki-loves-butterfly/|From Lens to Knowledge: Citizen Science through Wiki Loves Butterfly]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Wikidata type specimen data model]]  (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|Edit-a-thon &quot;Women Botanists&quot; and “Plants Around Us: Veles” workshop]] (SDG 5 &amp; 15)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:100 Days 100 Edits|100 Days 100 Edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026|Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026]] (SDG 2, 6 &amp; 7)
* May 9-10: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Projekt naturgeografi/Fotosafari: Fåglar i Skåne 2026|Bird photography trip]] in south Sweden (SDG 15)
* May 30: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Biologisk mångfald|Editathon about biodiversity]] in Stockholm (SDG 15)

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== I nwere ike tozuo ibinye aka na nhọpụta U4C ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
I am contacting you because you previously voted in elections related to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. You may be eligible to vote in the current U4C election, which is open now and closes on 2 June 2026. You can find out more about the candidates and the election on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the election page on Meta]], and from there you can access the vote itself. Your participation in these elections is important to the governance of Wikimedia communities, and your time spent learning about the candidates and voting is appreciated.
&lt;/div&gt;

-- Na mmekọrịta ya na U4C [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:16, 20 Mee 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/05/19/wikimedia-projects-and-the-climate-crisis-how-wiki-for-sustainable-futures-2026-is-being-built/|Wikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being BuiltWikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being Built]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7 &amp; 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/05/21/earth-day-every-day-preserving-biodiversity-on-wikipedia/ Earth Day, Every Day: Preserving Biodiversity on Wikipedia] (SDG 15)
*[[diffblog:ar/2026/05/29/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-2026-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9/|Launch of the Arabic Environmental Contest 2026: an ambitious initiative to enrich environmental content]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/From_the_field_to_the_free_web From the field to the free web] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5 and 10.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; In the news
* [[diffblog:2026/06/08/reading-wikipedia-in-the-classroom-in-wa-ghana-empowering-educators-with-media-and-information-literacy-skills/|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom in Wa, Ghana: Empowering Educators with Media and Information Literacy Skills]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/12/amplifying-womens-stories-and-indigenous-knowledge-feminism-and-folklore-2026-in-the-igbo-community/|Amplifying Women’s Stories and Indigenous Knowledge: Feminism and Folklore 2026 in the Igbo Community]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/13/artfeminism-network-organizers-at-eseap-conference-2026/|Art+Feminism Network Organizers at ESEAP Conference 2026]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/14/a-reflection-on-what-i-learned-at-my-first-international-womens-day-celebration/|A Reflection on What I Learned at My First International Women’s Day Celebration]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/16/from-mentee-to-builder-my-six-months-in-the-eduwiki-hub-mentorship-program/|From Mentee to Builder: My Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/16/building-skills-and-confidence-during-my-three-month-journey-through-the-on-wiki-skill-program-organized-by-africa-wiki-women/|Building Skills and Confidence During My Three-Month Journey Through the On Wiki Skill Program Organized by Africa Wiki Women]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/17/why-the-eduwiki-starter-kit-matters-for-the-future-of-education/|Why the EduWiki Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/17/empowering-new-editors-to-bridge-the-gender-gap-my-experience-as-a-mentor-in-the-edither-africa-april-2026-contest/|Empowering New Editors to Bridge the Gender Gap: My Experience as a Mentor in the EditHer Africa April 2026 Contest]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/18/visible-women-edit-a-thon-piloting-a-collaborative-approach-to-free-knowledge-in-hong-kong/|Visible Women Edit-a-thon: Piloting a Collaborative Approach to Free Knowledge in Hong Kong]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/23/guiding-new-voices-training-women-in-wikidata-during-the-april-edither-africa-contest/|Guiding New Voices: Training Women in Wikidata during the April EditHer Africa Contest]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/23/wikimedia-community-usergroup-botswana-in-collaboration-with-art-and-feminism-on-wikidata-mobile-training-2026/|Wikimedia Community Usergroup Botswana in collaboration with Art and Feminism on Wikidata Mobile Training 2026]] (SDG 5)

; Events
* 10-18 July: [[m:Event:Wikiwomen Camp 2026|Wikiwomen Camp 2026]] (SDG 5)
* 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers &amp; Frauen 14.07.2026|Queers &amp; Frauen]] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)
* 21-25 July: Wikimania is coming up and there are plenty of sessions related to sustainable development. There is now a dedicated page for those sessions at [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions]].
* 23 July: [[m:Event:From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements|From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements]] (SDG 10)
* 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers &amp; Frauen 28.07.2026|Queers &amp; Frauen]] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

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    <title>Pericoma</title>
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      <text bytes="1183" sha1="1akj51wd055642wn6d3064q9ro84xbu" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''''Pericoma''''' bụ ụdị nke nla ijiji na ezinụlọ [[:en:Psychodidae|Psychodidae]] . E nwere otutu n'ime ha ma opeka mpe otu nari na iri na itolu(190) a kọwara na udi ''Pericoma.''

''.''  

== Hụ kwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ụdị Pericoma

== Ntughari ==
{{Reflist|refs=&lt;ref name=itis&gt;
{{Cite web| title=''Pericoma'' Report
| url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=125514
| website=Integrated Taxonomic Information System
| accessdate=2018-05-04
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=catlife&gt;
{{Cite web| title=Browse ''Pericoma''
| url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/929c6bd4b075716f18a1128ae9b43137
| website=Catalogue of Life
| accessdate=2018-05-04
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=gbif&gt;{{Cite web
| title=''Pericoma''
| url=https://www.gbif.org/species/1641770
| website=GBIF
| accessdate=2018-05-04
| archivedate=2022-09-20
| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920191123/https://www.gbif.org/species/1641770
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=bugref&gt;
{{Cite web| title=''Pericoma'' Genus Information
| url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/1118551
| website=BugGuide.net
| accessdate=2018-05-04
}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

== Ọgụgụ ọzọ ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Akwugo</title>
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        <id>4554</id>
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      <comment>/* Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2026 Newsletter */ nkeji ohúrù</comment>
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      <text bytes="212206" sha1="1alminaqg717cbcyycwngibekgx4y3d" xml:space="preserve">==Idea for article: Suya==
Hi! I have an idea for an article in Igbo: [[:en:Suya]]. While it came from the north I heard it became popular in Southern Nigeria too.

Thanks
[[Ọbanife:WhisperToMe|WhisperToMe]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:WhisperToMe|kwuo]]) 18:58, 19 Ọnwa iri na abụọ 2021 (UTC)

:thanks will add it to Igbo Wikipedia [[user:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[user talk: Akwugo|talk]])  22:15, 19 Ọnwa iri na abụọ 2021 (UTC)

== Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Revised enforcement guidelines/Announcement/Consultation Close ==

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2022 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfirst newsletter, covering November 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Activities'''
* Current: Women in Climate Change editathon in various languages (1 December 2022 - 31 January 2023) (SDG 5 &amp; 13) [17]
* Past: Wikipedia and sustainability, how to increase knowledge on climate change? (SDG all) [1]
* Past: Wikidata editathon in Swedish during COP 27 (SDG  13) [2]

'''News'''
* Wikimedia Nederland signed the Wikimedia Affiliates Environmental Sustainability Covenant (SDG all) [3]
* WikiProject Govdirectory was featured as Digital Public Goods (SDG 16) [11]
* The theme for Wiki Loves Africa 2023 has been revealed: Climate and weather (SDG  13) [16]

'''Resources'''
* Let's Connect learning report - pilot phase 2022 (SDG 17) [15]

'''Research'''
* Recommendations for use of annotations and persistent identifiers in taxonomy and biodiversity publishing [SDG 15) [7]
* A longitudinal analysis of gender diversity in Wikipedia articles (SDG 5) [13]

'''Videos'''
* 10 Anos de Wikidata: Wikidata for Open Access to Cultural Heritage, por Susanna Ånäs (AvoinGLAM) (SDG 11) [14]

'''New WikiProjects'''
* Myosotis Pilot (SDG 15) [12]

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* Bank of information on the historical and cultural heritage of the Republic of Belarus (SDG 11) [4]
* Louisiana Plant ID (SDG 15) [5]
* DrugCentral ID (SDG 3) [8]
* Probes And Drugs ID  (SDG 3) [9]

'''New Wikidata query examples'''
* Map of water bodies in France (SDG 14) [6]
* Gender balances of winners of literary awards (SDG 5) [10]

'''Links'''
* [1] https://www.wikimedia.nl/session_wikiconnl22/
* [2] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Sweden/Swedish_Riksdag_documents/Kopplingssprint_COP_27
* [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Affiliates_Environmental_Sustainability_Covenant
* [4] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11184
* [5] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11189
* [6] https://w.wiki/5wCp
* [7] https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e97374
* [8] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11198
* [9] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11199
* [10] https://w.wiki/5$BR
* [11] https://mailchi.mp/c3e4c371c62a/announcing-new-dpga-members-and-strengthening-dpi-12387620
* [12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM/Museum_of_New_Zealand_Te_Papa_Tongarewa/What_We%27ve_Done/Myosotis_Pilot
* [13] https://observablehq.com/@pac02/wednesday-index
* [14] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vgh5_oD1yec
* [15] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Let%27s_Connect_learning_report_-_pilot_phase_2022.pdf
* [16] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Africa_2023
* [17] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Climate_Change_2022

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== Ihe nrite Onye Ntinyeaka ==


{| style=&quot;background-color: #CEF2D4; border: 10px solid Green;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Silverwiki 2 za zásluhy.png|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''Onye ntụgharị Pụrụ iche n'afọ 2022'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; | Anyị n'ekele gị maka ọrụ ị na-arụ na &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 Wikipidia Igbo]&lt;/span&gt;. '''Daalụ maka ịtụgharị edemede karịrị nari anọ'''. Ị mere nke ọma, jisie ike! 
[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 10:34, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC)
|}

:Thanks @Tochiprecious for this, [[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]])  11:32, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2022 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentysecond newsletter, covering December 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* January 15: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|Online user group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 15)
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2022/11/28/museology-myosotis-and-metadata-oh-my-sharing-sustainably-in-wikipedia/ Museology, Myosotis, and metadata oh my! Sharing sustainably in Wikipedia] (SDG 15)

'''Resources'''
* New Book: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1 Open Mapping Towards Sustainable Development Goals] (SDG all)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t66i3ztg-1E&amp;t=1717s Margaret Donald - Wikidata, OpenRefine &amp; Biota] (SDG 15)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_alismatid_families|List of alismatid families]] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11231|has biological vector]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11272|Bureau of Meteorology location ID]] (SDG 13)
* [[d:Property:P11277|CIViC gene ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11281|Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11282|Tanzania Parliament member ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11311|Lygaeoidea Species File ID]] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentythird newsletter, covering January 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|19 February - User group meeting]] (SDG all) 
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230115|15 January - User group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 14)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Dunedin_5|The 2023 Bug of the Year Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/challenge.php?id=74 Lexeme challenge Urology] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Veckans_tävling/Grodor_versus_ödlor|Swedish Wikipedia weekly challenge - Frogs versus lizards]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December_2022/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Three_hundred_episodes_of_Critter_of_the_Week|Three hundred episodes of Critter of the Week]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://zenodo.org/record/7521891#.Y9p6MdLMKw4 Wikidata Queries around the SARS-CoV-2 virus and pandemic] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/05/the-stories-behind-the-wiki-loves-earth-2022-photos-from-turkiye/ The stories behind the Wiki Loves Earth 2022 photos from Türkiye] (SDG 14)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/05/announcing-our-funding-support-from-the-patient-centered-outcomes-research-institute-pcori/ Announcing our funding support from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/04/jumping-for-science-how-wikipedia-assignments-inspire-stem-students/ Jumping for science: how Wikipedia assignments inspire STEM students] (SDG 14)
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Birds_of_NYC_Photo_Contest/Winners|Birds of NYC Photo Contest Winners announced!]] (SDG 14)
* [https://anchor.fm/civichackerpodcast/episodes/Using-Wikidata-to-Connect-Constituents-With-Their-Government-e1or922 Using Wikidata to Connect Constituents With Their Government] (SDG 16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/23/wiki-loves-earth-2022-presents-the-winners-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment/ Wiki Loves Earth 2022 presents the winners of the special nomination “Human rights and environment”!] (SDG 10 &amp; 14) 
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/19/equity-diversity-inclusion-in-affiliate-governance/ Equity, diversity &amp; inclusion in affiliate governance] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

'''Resources'''
* [https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/01/26/building-life-sciences-knowledge-graph-data-lake.htmlBuilding a Life Sciences Knowledge Graph with a Data Lake] (SDG 3)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HW6YxXRL18 Editor uses Wikidata to find new uses for existing drugs and speed up approval process for new treatments] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:WikiForHumanRights_Information_Session_2023.webm|WikiForHumanRights Information Session]] (SDG 10)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_birds_of_Tuvalu|List of birds of Tuvalu]] (SDG 14) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos|List of World Heritage Sites in Laos]] (SDG 11) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh|List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh]] (SDG 11)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11429|NIP]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11402|NSR doctor ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:/Property:P11430|UniProt disease ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11446|Strazha ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11500|United States House of Representatives ID]] (SDG 16)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfourth newsletter, covering February 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
'''Meetings'''
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|2023-03-05 User group meeting]] (SDG all)
* [[m:2023-03-19 User group meeting|Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions|Suggest &quot;Environmental sustainability and climate crisis&quot; topics for Wikimania]] (SDG all)
* Ongoing: [[m:Africa_Environment|Africa Environment WikiFocus]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [https://www.eventbrite.com/x/edit-for-climate-change-wikipedia-editathon-registration-526291811977 Edit for Climate Change: Wikipedia Editathon] (SDG 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|Capacity Building Sessions on &quot;Tools for Finding the Right Articles&quot; and &quot;Building Article List with Petscan&quot;]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Resources|Regional Office Hours for Africa and Maghreb Regions]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://observablehq.com/@thadk/garden NCBI breakdown of common garden foods with photographs by Phytotheca] (SDG 2)

'''Resources'''
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Sweden_report|3000 Arctic images]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Content_Partnerships_Hub_report|SMART-Servier Medical Art upload]] (SDG 3)

'''Research'''
* [https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/sustainability/ Open Source in Environmental Sustainability] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11576|Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11587|Iowa legislator ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11610|National Grid Balancing Mechanism unit ID]] (SDG 7)

'''Wikidata query examples'''
* [https://w.wiki/5Vu8 Map of disasters by type] (SDG 11)

'''Featured articles'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:South_Asian_river_dolphin|South Asian river dolphin]] (SDG 14)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sri_Lanka|List of World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka]] (SDG 11)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_lamiid_families|List of lamiid families]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96.jpg|Three horses (SDG 15)
File:Hunter_baby_chameleon.jpg|Hunter baby chameleon (SDG 15)
File:Rice_paper_butterfly_%2816709%29.jpg|Rice paper butterfly (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28top_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (top view) (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28side_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (side view).jpg (SDG 15)
File:Mockingbird_on_the_North_Lake_Trail_%2836851%29.jpg|Mockingbird on the North Lake Trail (SDG 15)
File:Striated_Pardalote_0012.jpg|Striated Pardalote (SDG 15)
File:Kleines_Wiesenv%C3%B6gelchen_am_Morgen.jpg|Wiesenvögelchen (SDG 15)
File:Immature_herring_gull_%2816259%29.jpg|Herring gull (SDG 15)
File:Northern_shoveler_male_in_Marine_Park_%2833296%29.jpg|Northern shoveler (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfifth newsletter, covering March 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230305|User group meeting 2023-03-05]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/30/join-the-wikiforhumanrights-campaign-and-contribute-knowledge-that-connects-human-rights-with-solutions-for-a-sustainable-future/ WikiForHumanRights] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Upcoming: April 19 - [[m:Translat-a-thon/NYC/2023|LaGuardia Community College Earth Day Translatathon with Casa de las Américas NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 22 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_2023_Bushwick|Earth Day 2023 Edit-a-thon Environment of Brooklyn Focus with Sure We Can]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 23 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_Wiknic|Earth Day Wiknic NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/WMF_GLAM_report|Gender and culture related event to test image suggestions on Wikipedia]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Edit_a_thon/artfeminism-edit-a-thon-for-nigerian-female-artists-2023|Art+Feminism edit-a-thon for Nigerian female artists]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/08/putting-our-energy-into-wikipedia-as-climate-action/ Putting our energy into Wikipedia as climate action] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/07/how-artfeminism-is-using-wikipedia-to-promote-equity-in-the-art-world/ How Art+Feminism is using Wikipedia to promote equity in the art world] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/New_Zealand_report|Biodiversity Heritage Library and Wikidata]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/USA_report|Black history month and more]] (SDG 10)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/14/women-do-news-tackling-the-gender-divide-in-journalism-through-wikipedia/ Women Do News: Tackling the Gender Divide in Journalism Through Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/17/wiki-loves-earth-2023-is-starting/ Wiki Loves Earth 2023 is starting!] (SDG 15)
* [https://medium.com/@openheritagefoundation/the-quest-to-close-the-gender-gap-on-wikipedia-continues-five-year-anniversary-with-feminism-ebd7a3b3185e The Quest to Close the Gender Gap on Wikipedia Continues; Five-Year Anniversary with Feminism &amp; Folklore] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/28/wikigap-malaysia-2023-empowering-women-in-indigenous-languages/ WikiGap Malaysia 2023: Empowering women in indigenous languages] (SDG 5)
* [https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/climate-crisis/wikipedia-has-a-climatetech-problem Wikipedia has a climatetech problem] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11623|NCI Drug Dictionary ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11649|Malaysia Federal Legislation act ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11650|Moscow University Herbarium ID]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11666|Norwegian Petroleum Directorate field ID]] (SDG 13)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_Saxifragales_families|List of Saxifragales families]] (SDG 15)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:Red-throated_wryneck|Red-throated wryneck]] (SDG 15)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Ourapteryx_yerburii_ssp._specimens_and_male_genitalia.jpg|Ourapteryx yerburii ssp. specimens and male genitalia (SDG 15)
Pterophorus_pentadactyla_-_Keila.jpg|Pterophorus pentadactyla (SDG 15)
Wood_duck_drake_%2886815%29.jpg|Wood duck drake (SDG 15)
Cardinal_%2886755%29.jpg|Cardinal (SDG 15)
Bunten_Kronwicke_%28Securigera_varia%29_Bl%C3%BCte-20200626-RM-173640.jpg|Bunten Kronwicke (Securigera varia) (SDG 15)
Neubrunn_Steinbruch_Blutrote_Heidelibelle_%28Sympetrum_sanguineum%29_8262082.jpg|Sympetrum sanguineum (SDG 15)
Boerenkrokus_%28Crocus_tommasinianus%29_28-02-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Crocus tommasinianus (SDG 15)
Papaya_-_longitudinal_section_close-up_view.jpg|Papaya - longitudinal section close-up view (SDG 15)
Aphantopus_hyperantus_-_Keila.jpg|Aphantopus hyperantus (SDG 15)
Australian_Zebra_Finch_0A2A3013.jpg|Australian Zebra Finch (SDG 15)
Melospiza_melodia_JRVdH_03.jpg|Melospiza melodia (SDG 15)
Roadside_hawk_%28Rupornis_magnirostris_griseocauda%29_eating_speckled_racer_%28Drymobius_margaritiferus%29_Orange_Walk.jpg|Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) (SDG 15)
Black_iguana_%28Ctenosaura_similis%29_Cayo.jpg|Black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28side_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (side view) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28dorsal_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (dorsal view) (SDG 15)
Fr%C3%BChlings-Knotenblume_%28Leucojum_vernum%29-20230220-RM-161056.jpg|Frühlings-Knotenblume (Leucojum vernum) (SDG 15)
Ocellated_turkey_%28Meleagris_ocellata%29_male_Peten.jpg|Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) male (SDG 15)
Geoffroy%27s_spider_monkey_%28Ateles_geoffroyi_yucatanensis%29_Peten_2.jpg|Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis) (SDG 15)
Bessen_van_een_Ophiopogon_planiscapus_%27Niger%27._28-02-2023._%28d.j.b%29.jpg|Ophiopogon planiscapus (SDG 15)
Protaetic_cuprea_ignicollis_2023-03-22_IZE-066.jpg|Protaetic cuprea ignicollis (SDG 15)
Monarch_butterflies_%28Danaus_plexippus_plexippus%29_Piedra_Herrada_2.jpg|Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) (SDG 15)
Cepaea_nemoralis_Paarung-20230314-RM-110511.jpg|Cepaea nemoralis (SDG 15)
Wiesen_Pippau_%28Crepis_biennis%29-20220624-RM-123950.jpg|Crepis biennis (SDG 15)
Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) Cayo.jpg|Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) (SDG 15)
Trifolium_spadiceum_-_Niitv%C3%A4lja.jpg|Trifolium spadiceum (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Another article idea: Nigerian Defence Academy ==

Hi! I found [[:en:Nigerian Defence Academy]] is in Yoruba and Hausa, but not yet in Igbo. If you are interested, you're welcome to start an Igbo version.

Thank you, [[Ọbanife:WhisperToMe|WhisperToMe]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:WhisperToMe|ṅkátá]]) 00:20, 3 Eprel 2023 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-sixth newsletter, covering April 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting 2023-05-07]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20230402|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_the_Challenge|WikiForHumanRights 2023 International Writing Contest]] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_Community_Events|WikiForHumanRights 2023 local community events]] (SDG 13, 15, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki_Climate_Campus_Tour_Nigeria|WikiCampusTourNigeria Project]] (SDG 6, 13, 14, 15)
* Upcoming (and past): [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Kvinnor,_arkitektur_och_design|Women, architecture and design]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Albania_report|WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|BBC 100 women editathon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Kosovo_report|WikiGAP in Prishtina]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Switzerland_report|15 Days of French women writers]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/DC/TSU_USF_Women%27s_History_Month_Wikipedia_Edit-a-thon|TSU USF Women's History Month Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Smithsonian_AWHI/Meetup/Crafting_a_Better_Wikipedia:_Women_of_Color_in_the_Renwick_Gallery|Crafting a Better Wikipedia: Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/07/tuswug-s2e2-women-in-wiki/ TUSWUG S2E2: Women in Wiki] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/13/inaugural-edition-of-the-organizer-lab-awards-6-community-grants/ Inaugural edition of the organizer lab awards – 6 community grants] (SDG 5 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/29/bolstering-womens-voices-and-histories-on-wikipedia/ Bolstering women’s voices and histories on Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|A huge upload for biologists]] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPPBhuQPhs&amp;ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation WikiForHumanRights 2023 Launch Webinar] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|WikiForHumanRights 2023 and WMF Human Rights Team Online Safety Capacity Building for Organizers]] (SDG 13)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLBSSlrI2vo WikiForHummanRights 2023 and Let's Connect Capacity building on good practices for retention] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/living-through-a-triple-planetary-emergency-capturing-the-most-impactful-knowledge-to-weather-the-storm/ Living through a Triple Planetary Emergency: Capturing the Most Impactful Knowledge to Weather the Storm] (SDG 10 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/wikimedia-foundation-environmental-sustainability-report-for-2022/ Wikimedia Foundation Environmental Sustainability Report for 2022] (SDG 13)
* [[:File:Wikimedia_h%C3%A5llbarhetsrapport_2022.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige sustainability report 2022]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)

'''Research'''
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12964 Hypotheses in urban ecology: building a common knowledge base] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11698|student retention rate]] (SDG 4)
* [[d:Property:P11704|INEP ID]] (SDG 4) [51]
* [[d:Property:P11729|Kulturenvanteri.com ID]] (SDG 11)
* [[d:Property:P11747|holds diplomatic passport of]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11741|SINTA affiliation ID]] (SDG 4)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_afrosoricids|List of afrosoricids]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Leptura_quadrifasciata_female_-_Keila.jpg|Leptura quadrifasciata (SDG 15)
Bursa_lamarckii_01.jpg|Bursa lamarckii (SDG 15)
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_head_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Western_Bowerbird_0A2A0436.jpg|Chlamydera guttata (SDG 15)
White-breasted_nuthatch_%2826471%29.jpg|Sitta carolinensis (SDG 15)
Patzmannsdorf_-_K%C3%BCrbisfeld_mit_Pfarrkirche_und_Raiffeisen-Silo_in_Stronsdorf.jpg|Pumpkin field (SDG 2)
Cinnamon-bellied_flowerpiercer_%28Diglossa_baritula%29_male_on_Indian_shot_%28Canna_indica%29_Finca_El_Pilar.jpg|Diglossa baritula &amp; Canna indica (SDG 15)
Knoppen_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer_platanoides%29._03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer platanoides (SDG 15)
Cinnamon_hummingbird_%28Amazilia_rutila%29_in_flight_Los_Tarrales.jpg|Amazilia rutila (SDG 15)
Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg|Passiflora edulis (SDG 15)
Golden-fronted_%28Velasquez%27s%29_woodpecker_%28Melanerpes_aurifrons%29_male_Copan.jpg|Melanerpes aurifrons (SDG 15)
Argiope_spider_female_adult_on_her_web_dorsal_view_black_background_Don_Det_Laos.jpg|Argiope versicolor (SDG 15)
Daslook._Allium_ursinum%2C_zwellende_bloemknop._18-04-2022_%28actm.%29_04.jpg|Allium ursinum (SDG 15)
Fallen_leaf_of_Platanus_x_hispanica_%281%29.jpg|Platanus x hispanica (SDG 15)
Thymelicus_lineola_underside_-_Keila.jpg|Thymelicus lineola (SDG 15)
Japanse_esdoorn_%28Acer_palmatum%29_03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer palmatum (SDG 15) [38]
Common_kestrel_%28Falco_tinnunculus%29_female_%28IMGP1648r2-DNA%29.jpg|Falco tinnunculus (SDG 15) [39]
California_sea_lion_nap_time_in_La_Jolla_%2870474%29.jpg|Zalophus californianus (SDG 15) [40]
Bladknop_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer%29._13-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29_01.jpg|Acer pseudoplatanus (SDG 15)
Tamarind_fruits_%28Tamarindus_indica_%27Si_Thong%27%29.jpg|Tamarindus indica (SDG 15)
White_leucistic_squirrel_with_a_peanut_%2885668%29.jpg|Sciurus carolinensis (SDG 15) [43]
Fork-tailed_flycatcher_%28Tyrannus_savana_monachus%29_in_flight_Cayo.jpg|Tyrannus savana monachus (SDG 15)
Rapa_incurva_01.jpg|Rapa incurva (SDG 15)
Arboreal_stingless_bee_nest_%28Trigona_sp.%29_Flores.jpg|Trigona sp. (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Translation notification: IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates/2023-09 ==

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== Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short ==

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-seventh newsletter, a sort of year-in-review for 2023.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

Dear Wikimedians for Sustainable Development,

As we bid farewell to 2023, we reflect on a year that has been an uneven year for our user group. While the journey has been marked by some truly inspiring events, most of our efforts have been largely uncoordinated and the user group hasn't been the support it could have been. Yet, there's a glimmer of hope and a world of potential for 2024.

'''Highlights of 2023:'''

;Newsletters Galore: We kicked off the year with zeal, sharing updates and inspiration through four newsletters. The number of things happening in the movement is astounding, but we need to rethink the format of the newsletter going into the next year.

;Growing Strong: The Wikimedians for Sustainable Development family welcomed 33 new members in 2023. Your passion and dedication continue to inspire us, and we look forward to nurturing this community spirit in the year ahead.

;Wikimania Talks: Our voices echoed far and wide at Wikimania, where several members of our community took the virtual stage to share insights and ideas about everything from Wikipedians-in-Residence's to open data. Your contributions showcased our commitment to sustainable development on a global scale.

;Content Creation Magic: Throughout the year, our extended community demonstrated incredible dedication to expanding the knowledge base on Wikipedia. Countless hours were spent creating and curating content that aligns with our mission, contributing to a more sustainable digital ecosystem.

;Campaigning hard: We saw a large variety of campaigns, from writing challenges to editathons. The willingness to experiment with new formats and partners, as well as learning from past efforts, shows great promise for the future.

'''Acknowledging Challenges:'''

While we celebrate these achievements, we acknowledge that 2023 presented its fair share of challenges. A lack of global coordination reminded us that the road to sustainable development is not always linear. However, it is precisely these challenges that fuel our determination to work together more cohesively in the coming year and proof that the user group is needed.

'''Hopeful Anticipation for 2024:'''

As we turn the page to 2024, let's carry forward the lessons learned and the successes celebrated. We are optimistic that, with renewed energy and a collective commitment, we will overcome obstacles and create an even more impactful and connected Wikimedians for Sustainable Development community.

Here's to a year of collaboration, growth, and making a lasting impact on the world through our shared passion for sustainability. Together, we can turn challenges into opportunities and pave the way for a brighter future.

Wishing you all a joyous holiday season and a Happy New Year!

Warm regards,
[[m:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]], [[m:User:Daniel Mietchen|User:Daniel Mietchen]]

PS. We have started writing [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|our yearly report]], please add your activities to it.

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-eighth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* We have submitted our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|2023 annual report]].
* Upcoming meeting: on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|9 February]], we'll have a call about roles and responsibilities in the user group. This is an attempt to make more opportunities to engage more of the user groups members in its activities. If you want to help out in some way, but don't know how, this is a meeting for you to get help creating that opportunity. If you know how you would like to help, but don't know how to get started, this is also the meeting for you.

; Other news
* New Wikiproject for Climate Change on Basque Wikipedia: [[:eu:Wikiproiektu:Klima aldaketa|Wikiproiektu Klima Aldaketa]]
* Climate Justice, Digital Rights and Indigenous Voices international Wikimedia event in Huaraz, Peru 2024: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDIuZQ61v35y3Q293ZV9YjNWOHsgwvq3t2XjP2cQ0OHG-EPA/viewform Engagement Survey] (closes 2 Feb)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-ninth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* On 9 February, we had a user group meeting on roles and responsibilities ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240209|minutes]])
* Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 17 March]]

; Other news
* Wiki Loves Earth: Reminder that if you want to [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2024/Organise|organize a local competition]], it is time to get started. (SDG 15 and 14)
* Wiki for Human Rights: Reminder that if you would like to [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|organize a local event]], there is support available. (SDG 10) 
* Study: [https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/650852934/Meier_Wiki_Climate.pdf Using Wikipedia Pageview Data to Investigate Public Interest in Climate Change at a Global Scale] (SDG 13)

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== Translation notification: Fundraising/Translation ==

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== Adminship ==

Hi. I see you had [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Akwugo|an RfA in March]], though I can't find if stewards were informed about it (to give you the actual userright).

I will note that this request isn't valid [[:m:Steward requests/Permissions/Minimum voting requirements#Permanent Administrator|per MVR]]. I'm assuming the request was advertised exclusively off-wiki, as [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Akwugo|there are no links to it]] on-wiki. I'm sure that's okay in the context of this project, but you do need to list it on the [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship|main RfA page]].

In terms of next steps, if you list it on the RfA page, after seven days you can post the request [[:m:Steward requests/Permissions|on SRP]], where stewards can then give you the admin right. Best regards, [[Ọbanife:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Vermont|ṅkátá]]) 20:41, 25 Eprel 2024 (UTC)

:@[[Ọbanife:Vermont|Vermont]]Thank you for letting me know this. [[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]])  20:36, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC)

== Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo @[[Ọbanife:Akwugo|Akwugo!]]

Biko, onwe ozi ndi WMF Language team zitere ndi Igbo Wikimedians nọ na igwe nkata Wikipedia. 

Ebe ibu otu onye nime ndi na atughari edemede na Igbo Wikipedia, ọ ga amasi anyi ma [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako#Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia|igụọ ozi anyi]] gbasara mgbanwe ndi otu [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] chọrọ ime na igwe ntughari okwu nke nọ na Igbo Wikipedia, ma gwa anyi ebumunobi gi maka ihe ha chọrọ ime. 

Daalụ sọ maka ọrụ gi nile na ikwado ọmumu ihe na asụsụ Igbo. 

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 20:02, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC)

:@[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] Daalụ Ezi Nwafọ, Obi bụm sọ ụtọ inweta ozi gị n'asụsụ anyị,ọ ga-amasị ka anyị jiri asụsụ anyị n'ezirita ozi n'ihi na nke a n'atọwa ntị.ka m leba ozi a anya ma nye gị nzaghachi m Daalụ. [[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]])  20:33, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtieth newsletter covering March and April 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 19 May]]

; Other news
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-03-29/Recent_research#Other_recent_publications|Wikipedia Signpost highlighted five papers about climate change editing]]. (SDG 13)
* On Wikidata, [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|a model for documenting green house gas emissions]] has been created. (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/EPA_Victoria_WiR_April_2024_Update An update] from the Wikipedian in Residence at the  Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia.
* WikiAcción Perú organized a training session: &quot;[[m:Volunteer Supporters Network/VSN Training: Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement|Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement]]&quot; (SDG 13)
* WikiForHumanRights organized a session: &quot;[[m:Event:Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage|Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage]]&quot;

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, starts in May. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [[m:Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region|Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region]] starts in May.  (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtyfirst newsletter, covering May 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]], 16 June
* [[m:Talk:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development#Mini_report_from_the_Wikimedia_Summit_2024|Mini report from the Wikimedia Summit 2024]]
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/jan-ainali-wikimedians-for-sustainable-development-wikimedia-summit-2024-265/ User group representative interviewed by Wikipediapodden] at Wikimedia Summit ([[:File:WP265 - Jan Ainali, Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, Wikimedia Summit 2024.mp3|commons]])
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240519|Minutes from user group meeting in May]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/05/02/reflecting-_women-for-sustainability-africa-arts-feminism-her-voice-campaign-2023/ Reflecting _Women For Sustainability Africa Arts + Feminism #Her Voice Campaign 2023]
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report: Climate change and GLAM]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library April monthly highlights]] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00166-y WikiProject Biodiversity featured in Nature Africa] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFWS7hfetZk Wikimedia UK releases a video about their climate focus] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, continues in some countries. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)

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== Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo Nwa-ada @[[Ọbanife:Akwugo|Akwugo]],

Imere otu ole? Enwerem olileanya na ahụ di gi nma.

Biko, onwe ozi ndi WMF Language team zitere ndi otu Igbo Wikipedia maka ngwa ọrụ ha chọrọ itineyere anyi. Ọ ga-amasi anyi ma igụọ ihe gbasara [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako#Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Igbo Wikipedia|'''ozi a''']], ma testia ngwa a, ma zaghachi anyi ebunuche gi gbasara itinye ngwa ọrụ a nke a na akpọ &quot;MinT for Wiki Readers&quot; na ịgbo Wiki.

Inwekwara ike ime ka ndi otu Igbo Wikipedia ndi ọzọ mata maka ozi ma gwa anyi uche ha na igwe ozi.

Daalụ sọ! [[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 23:55, 10 Jụn 2024 (UTC)

== Translation notification: Movement Charter ==

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== Translation notification: Wikimedia LGBT+/Portal ==

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtysecond newsletter, covering June 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Movement Charter Vote|User group vote on the adoption of the Movement Charter]] (closes 7 July 23.59 UTC)
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming user group meeting]] 21 July
* User group meeting held in June - [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240616|minutes]]
* The group was featured in the latest WikiAfrica Hour: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6VI20qopk #36: Does the Wikimedia movement contribute to the SDGs?]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/stories-from-the-anti-disinformation-repository-how-wikiproject-covid-19-and-other-wikimedia-initiatives-counter-health-disinformation/ Stories from the anti-disinformation repository: How WikiProject COVID-19 and other Wikimedia initiatives counter health disinformation] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Environment_Centre_NT_Wikipedian_in_Residence Environment Centre Northern Territory Wikipedian in Residence] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.gp.se/debatt/med-ai-kan-vi-oka-transparensen-om-foretagens-klimatavtryck.2dd4e006-57e3-4534-a0be-70ca56a289e4 With AI can we increase transparency of companies' carbon footprints] (in Swedish). Op-ed that mentions that the greenhouse gas emissions of the top 150 companies on the Stockholm stock exchange has been uploaded to Wikidata. The model is documented on [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|WikiProject Climate Change on Wikidata]]. (SDG 13)
* [[wmfblog:2024/06/25/another-year-in-review-where-is-wikimedia-in-the-climate-crisis-seeing-the-impact-of-wikimedia-projects/|Another Year in Review: Where is Wikimedia in the Climate Crisis? Seeing the impact of Wikimedia Projects]] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/06/24/46-scholars-self-advocates-bring-knowledge-to-wikipedias-disability-healthcare-content/ 46 scholars, self-advocates bring knowledge to Wikipedia’s disability healthcare content] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:Wikimedia klimatpåverkansrapport 2023.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige publishes their 2023 climate impact report]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)
* WikiProject Govdirectory has started [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Weekly collaboration|weekly collaboration on countries]] (SDG 16)

; Events
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/wikimedia-chapters-and-groups-organise-the-first-sharks-and-rays-wikimarathon/ Wikimedia chapters and groups organise the first Sharks and Rays Wikimarathon] (29 June, but edits in the weeks after are welcome) (SDG 14)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty third newsletter, covering July 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 10, 13, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting held in July, [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240721|minutes]]
* Next user group meeting will be 18 August

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Climate change editahon and workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/wikiforhumanrights-in-nigeria-2024-campaign-virtual-launch/ WikiForHumanRights in Nigeria 2024 Campaign Virtual Launch]  (SDG 10&amp;16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/what-we-learned-from-wiki-women-in-red-8-campaign-2023-women-for-sustainability-africa/ What we Learned from Wiki Women In Red @8 Campaign 2023 Women for Sustainability Africa] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/ghanaian-wikipedians-set-to-educate-students-on-open-climate/ Ghanaian Wikipedians set to educate students on Open Climate] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/23/using-wikipedia-as-a-tool-for-climate-action/ Using Wikipedia as a Tool for Climate Action] (SDG 13)

; Events
* 5th August,  [[m:Event:Wiki-Green_Conference_2024  Wiki-Green Conference]] (SDG 13)
* 7-10 August, Wikimania - [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|All SDG related sessions]] 
* 7-9 November, [https://wikimedia.org.ar/2024/07/03/justicia-climatica-voces-indigenas-y-plataformas-wikimedia/ Justicia climática, voces indígenas y plataformas Wikimedia] (SDG 13)

; Participate
* Share an example of a successful [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|WikiProject or topical collaboration]] in this on-wiki survey

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&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Dear translators, Wikimedia Deutschland is currently developing a new feature for referencing ([[WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-references]]). Development will still take a while, but we'll send an announcement to the global communities soon, in order to let them know in advance and ask for feedback. Thanks for helping us translate this mass message!&lt;/div&gt;

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 11, 15, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20240915|Next user group meeting]], 15 September, will be focused on starting to develop a strategy for the group. If you cannot attend, you can leave your input on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030/Ideas|the ideas page]].
* User group meeting held in August ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240818|minutes]])

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|Report from WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Meeting for Writing on Femenist Strikes and Wiki for Peace Camp St. Imier]] (SDG 5 &amp; 16)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]] (SDG 15)
* Wikimania had a lot of [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|SDG related sessions]] and you can watch them back now 

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2024|Wiki Loves Monuments]] starts in September (SDG 11)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240915|User group meeting held in September on strategy for the group]]

; Other news
* [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024/Submissions/Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region|Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region]], presentation at CEE meeting. ([https://www.youtube.com/live/iB3KNFtA4xI?t=6739 YouTube])
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/09/30/all-about-wiki-green-conference-2024/ All About Wiki-Green Conference 2024] (SDG 13)

; Events
* Course: [https://wikiedu.org/courses/global-approaches-to-climate-finance-4/ Global Approaches to Climate Finance] by WikiEdu (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming meeting]], 24 November, 17.00 UTC

; Other news
* Talk at WikiIndaba: [[m:WikiIndaba 2024/Proposal/Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region|Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/17/championing-inclusion-in-the-wikimedia-movement-africa-wiki-women-presentation-at-the-wiki-niger-conference/ Championing Inclusion in the Wikimedia Movement: Africa Wiki Women Presentation at the Wiki Niger Conference] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/25/mountains-birds-and-lakes-wiki-loves-earth-2024-central-asia-edition/ Mountains, Birds and Lakes: Wiki Loves Earth 2024 – Central Asia Edition] (SDG 15)

; Events
* November 6, 12 and 21: [https://universityofexeter.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJAkdeqrrzMoGdEeMYlR6q0A7QMHwwwM2VIZ#/registration Climate Change &amp; Health in the UK - Wikipedia workshop] (SDG 3 and 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 8, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting, 24 November ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241124|minutes]])
* We are working on our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]], please add activities that you would like to work on.

; Other news
* [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 8 (November 2024)|CEE Catch up Nr. 8 with a sustainability theme]]
* [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia|Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/New_Zealand_report#nz-edit|Report from New Zealand Species Edit-a-thons]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/Macedonia_report#vvc|Report from climate change editing workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2024/Contents/Croatia_report|DeGrowth in November with students, artists and academics in Croatia]] (SDG 8&amp;12)
* The new [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#November_2024:_Production_deployment_and_security_review_complete|Charts extension has been enabled on Wikimedia Commons]]. It's time to start bringing all your local sustainability related charts over there! (SDG 17)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers|Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia|Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia]] (SDG 13)
* Just started: [[m:Event:African Legislators in Red|African Legislators in Red]] (SDG 16)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241229|minutes]])
* We have adopted an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]]!

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_hWBwaQxaw Lightning talk by Adam Harangzo - National Institute for Health and Care Research on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/11/top-photos-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2024%f0%9f%a4%9d/ Top photos of the special nomination “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2024!] (SDG 10&amp;15)
* [https://www.wikimedia.nz/nz-species-editathon-recap/ Two days, 15 editors, 750 edits] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/28/a-peekaboo-into-our-butterflying-trip-from-the-amazon-of-the-east/ A Peekaboo Into Our Butterflying Trip from the Amazon of the East] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/12/27/brooklyn-college-students-bring-ecology-course-content-to-wikipedia/ Brooklyn College students bring ecology course content to Wikipedia] (SDG 13&amp;15
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09636625241268890 Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on WikipediaDeclaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 11, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250223|User group meeting 23 February]]
* User group meeting in January ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250119|minutes]]).
* The user group submitted an annual report in the new [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy/Implementation/Affiliate health criteria/Reports/2024/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|affiliate health criteria format]], and as an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2024|activity report]].
* The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030|2030 strategy]] for the user group was adopted.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/06/swiss-server-helped-optimise-wikidata-in-the-field-of-medicine/ Swiss server helped optimise Wikidata in the field of medicine] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/08/photographers-from-turkiye-tell-the-story-of-award-wining-photos-in-wiki-loves-earth-2024/ Photographers from Türkiye tell the story of award wining photos in Wiki Loves Earth 2024] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZnAp7oovlg OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Disaster Times - CEE Meeting 2024 Istanbul] (SDG 11)

; Events
* 1-28 February: [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5DC7IKHKGBEE5KOD4PY2XNKT55EA6LW4/|Wiki Loves Africa: Climate &amp; Weather ISA campaign]] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fortieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in February ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250223|minutes]]).

; Other news
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2025/Organise|Time to get ready to organize Wiki Loves Earth]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/02/05/women-of-the-future-international-womens-day-2025/ ‘Women of the Future’ – International Women’s Day 2025] (SDG 5)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/02/17/the-experts-behind-the-edits-expanding-public-understanding-of-healthcare/ The Experts Behind the Edits: Expanding public understanding of healthcare] (SDG 3)
* [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise and Ecosia Partner to Drive Sustainable Search Innovation] (SDG 13)
* A [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Policies|subproject to WikiProject Climate Change about Climate Change Policies]] has just started on Wikidata (SDG 13)

; Events
* 1 March: [[m:Event:Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire|Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire]] (SDG 8)
* 7 March [[m:Event:Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025|Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025]] (SDG 16)
* 8 March–1 April: [[m:Event:Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025|Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025]] (SDG 5)

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== Follow-Up: Support for Feminism and Folklore 2025 Contributions ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}}
Dear {{PAGENAME}},

I hope this message finds you well.

We noticed that your community has signed up for the [[meta:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore Writing Contest]], but there have been only a few contributions submitted via the [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/campwiz/ Campwiz tool] so far. We completely understand that challenges may arise, and we’d love to support you and your participants in streamlining the submission process.

To assist your community, here’s a step-by-step guide to adding articles to the campaign. Feel free to share these instructions with your participants:

=== How to Submit Articles via Campwiz ===
'''Tool link:''' https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/campwiz/

# Access the Tool
#* Visit Campwiz and log in with your Wikimedia account (same as your Wikipedia credentials).
# Select the Campaign
#* Scroll through the list of campaigns and click on your campaign. 
# Add Your Article
#* Click on &quot;'''+ SUBMIT NEW ARTICLE'''&quot; button.
#* Enter the exact title of your article in the “Tiltle” field.
#* Click on &quot;'''CHECK'''&quot; button. 
#* If you have more articles to submit, click on the  '''&quot;SUBMIT ANOTHER&quot;''' button. 
# Check your submissions. 
#* To check if your submissions went through please click on the '''&quot;DETAILS&quot;''' button
#* Click on the '''SUBMISSIONS''' Button to see the list of your submissions. 

=== Need Help? ===
* Technical issues? 
Ensure article titles are spelled correctly and meet the campaign’s theme (feminism, folklore, or gender-related topics).
* Eligibility questions?
New articles must follow Wikipedia’s notability guidelines.
* Still stuck? 
Send an email to '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''! You can also reach out on the campaign’s Talk page.

Your commitment to amplifying untold gendered narratives in folklore is invaluable, and we’re excited to see your community’s contributions come to life. Let’s work together to make this campaign a success!

Looking forward to your response,

Best regards,&lt;br&gt;
Stella&lt;br&gt;
Feminism and Folklore Organizer

-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 07:29, 17 March 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13, 15 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/03/27/organise-your-local-wiki-loves-earth-in-2025/ Organise your local Wiki Loves Earth in 2025!] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar ID|Wikidata property proposal for the Climate Policy Radar]] (SDG 13)
* [https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/85640/NKB_Debatt_Wikipedia.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Biologists encourage other biologists to edit Wikipedia] (in Swedish) (SDG 15)
* A [[c:File:Langzeitkooperationen zwischen Museen und dem Wikipedia-Universum.pdf|presentation on long-term collaborations between museums and the Wikimedia universe]] was given on March 10 at a [https://www.kiekeberg-museum.de/fileadmin/user_upload/3_4_1_Tagungen/geplante_tagungen/Programm_Tagung_Mittwochs_ist_Museumstag_-_Langzeitkooperationen_im_Museum_10-11.3.2025_FLMK3.pdf symposium on long-term collaborations with museums in Germany](SDG 17)
* A [[c:File:Gemeinsam mehr erreichen Freies Wissen als Grundlage der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wikimedia und anderen Ehrenamtsinitiativen.pdf|presentation on existing and potential collaborations between the Wikimedia community and other volunteer communities]] was given on March 29 at a [https://tdsummit.d-s-e-e.de/ national volunteering convention] in Germany (SDG 17)

; Events
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250420|Next user group meeting: 20 April]]

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== Feminism and Folklore 2025 Jury Evaluation Guidelines &amp; Results Submission ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}}

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Thank you once again for your commitment and dedication to the [[meta:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]] campaign!

As we near the conclusion of this year’s contest, please follow the official jury guidelines when evaluating submissions:

===Jury Guidelines:===
* Articles must be created or expanded between 1st February and 31st March 2025.
* Minimum article size: 3000 bytes and at least 300 words.
* No poor or machine-translated content.
* Articles must align with the Feminism and Folklore themes (feminism, gender, culture, folklore).
* Articles should not be orphaned – they must be linked to at least one other article.
* Submissions must not violate copyright rules and should follow local notability guidelines.
* All articles must include proper references according to your local Wikipedia’s citation policies.
* Once your local jury process is complete, kindly submit only the top 3 winners on the official results page:

===Submission Link:===
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Results

Please include the following for each winner:
* Username
* Link to the local user talkpage
* Their ranking (1st, 2nd, or 3rd)

For more information, you can also refer to the main contest page:
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025

If you need help or have any questions, feel free to reach out.

Warm regards, &lt;br&gt;
Stella Sessy Agbley&lt;br&gt;
Coordinator, Feminism and Folklore

-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 10:48, 10 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Invitation: Gendering the Archive - Building Inclusive Folklore Repositories (April 30th) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}}
Dear {{PAGENAME}},

You are invited to a hands-on session focused on [[meta:Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation | Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation]]. This online workshop will guide participants on how to create, edit, and expand gender-inclusive folklore articles and multimedia archives on Wikipedia and Wikidata. The session will be led by Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu.

=== Objectives ===
* '''Design Inclusive Repositories:''' Learn best practices for structuring folklore archives that foreground gender perspectives.
* '''Hands-On Editing:''' Practice creating and improving articles and items on Wikipedia and Wikidata with a gender-inclusive lens.
* '''Collaborative Mapping:''' Work in small groups to plan new entries and multimedia uploads that document underrepresented voices.
* '''Advocacy &amp; Outreach:''' Discuss strategies to promote and sustain these repositories within your local and online communities.

=== Details ===
* '''Date:''' 30th April 2025
* '''Day:''' Wednesday
* '''Time:''' 16:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone])
* '''Venue:''' Online (Zoom)
* '''Speaker:''' Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu (Co-founder, Wikimedia Rwanda &amp; Community Engagement Director)

=== How to Join ===
* '''Zoom Link:''' [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89158738825?pwd=ezEgXbAqwq9KEr499DvJxSzZyXSVQX Join here]
* '''Meeting ID:''' 891 5873 8825
* '''Passcode:''' FNF@2025
* '''Add to Calendar:''' [https://zoom.us/meeting/tZ0scuGvrTMiGNH4I3T7EEQmhuFJkuCHL7Ci/ics?meetingMasterEventId=Xv247OBKRMWeJJ9LSbX2hA Add to your calendar] ''''

=== Agenda ===
# Welcome &amp; Introductions: Opening remarks and participant roll-call.
# Presentation: Overview of gender-inclusive principles and examples of folklore archives.
# Hands-On Workshop: Step-by-step editing on Wikipedia and Wikidata—create or expand entries.
# Group Brainstorm: Plan future repository items in breakout groups.
# Q&amp;A &amp; Discussion: Share challenges, solutions, and next steps.
# Closing Remarks: Summarise key takeaways and outline follow-up actions.

We look forward to seeing you there!

Best regards,&lt;br&gt;
Stella&lt;br&gt;
Feminism and Folklore Organiser

-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 10:28, 24 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250420|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/09/zombie-ants-to-bioremediation-the-world-of-entomopathogenic-fungi/ Zombie ants to bioremediation: The world of entomopathogenic fungi] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/21/with-foundation-increases-support-to-expand-disability-healthcare-information-on-wikipedia/ WITH Foundation increases support to expand disability healthcare information on Wikipedia] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/04/04/women-and-health-project-improving-the-representation-of-womens-health-on-wikipedia/ Women and Health Project: Improving the representation of women’s health on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;5)

; Events
* May 19: [[m:Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025|Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025]] (SDG 13)

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== Final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

Hello {{PAGENAME}}

[[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg | right | frameless]]

I hope this message finds you well.

This is a final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results on Meta has elapsed. For participant prizes to be processed, your community must submit the necessary information as soon as possible.

Please use the following link to submit your results: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Results Submit your results]

We have extended the {{font color||yellow|'''submission deadline to 12 June 2025'''.}}
Kindly note that failure to submit by this date will result in your group’s participants not receiving any prizes from us. 

Thank you for your attention to this important matter and for your continued contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign.

Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
Stella&lt;br&gt;
On behalf of Feminism and Folklore Team&lt;br&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 12:39, 08 June 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 10, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 22 June: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* Several papers presented at WikiWorkshop:
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_24.pdf EcoWikiRS: Using Species Descriptions in Wikipedia and Remote Sensing to Learn about the Ecological Properties of a Place] (SDG 15)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_6.pdf Data Extraction Methods for Analyzing Gender Bias on Wikipedia's Front Page]  (SDG 5)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_28.pdf Measuring Cross-Lingual Information Gaps in English Wikipedia: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_14.pdf Exploring Wikipedia community practices during the 2024 European Parliament election] (SDG 16)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_55.pdf Wikipedia as a Tool for Tracking Mass Migration Flows: Insights from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_65.pdf Regulations in Wikidata: The case of PFAS-related regulations] (SDG 3 &amp; 16)
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/minimal-viable-species-stub-315/ Podcast about the minimal viable species stub] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/05/media-literacy-and-responding-to-emergencies-and-disinformation/ Wikimedia UK and the Royal Society host workshop on information literacy and future health emergencies] (SDG 3)

; Events
* 16 June: [[w:en:Event:Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon|Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon]]

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== Duplicate pages? ==

Hi, you recently created these - [[Vagabonds!]] and also [[Ndị ngagharị n'enweghi ebe obibi!]], both with similar content but different title. If a mistake, kindly tag one for deletion, otherwise they should be merged. Daalụ. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 04:20, 13 Jụn 2025 (UTC)

:Thanks@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] for the work you do, please do the needful as it was an  oversight from my end. I shouldn't have translated the title as it is the title of a novel. [[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]])  06:32, 13 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
::The duplicate has been deleted, main page now exists here as [[Vagabonds!]] Daalụ maka ọrụ gị. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 09:18, 13 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
:::Imeela! [[User:Akwugo|Akwugo]] ([[User talk:Akwugo|talk]])  14:23, 13 Jụn 2025 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  6 July: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250706|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I8Nr_UamtM Biodiversidade na Wiki] (in Portuguese) (SDG 15)
* [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality] (SDG 5&amp;15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/20/rethinking-wiki-engagement-in-medical-research-insights-from-a-residency-at-nihr/ Rethinking Wiki engagement in medical research: insights from a residency at NIHR]  (SDG 3)

; Events
* 24 July: [https://mdi.georgetown.edu/events/guwikieditathonsummer2025/ Editing for Equity: Closing the Wikipedia Gender Gap] (SDG 5)
* 2 &amp; 9 August: [https://events.humanitix.com/nz-species-editathon-wellington New Zealand Species Edit-a-thon] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  6 July: User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250706|minutes]])
* We are trying to establish better governance for the user group and [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Draft by-laws|have some inspiration]] on which your comments are requested.

; Other news
* To promote sustainability and increase the visibility of the Sustainable Development Goals, the [[w:tr:Vikiproje:S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir_Kalk%C4%B1nma|&quot;Sustainable Development Wikiproject&quot; was launched on the Turkish Wikipedia]]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/11/wiki-loves-butterfly-community-led-contributions-in-dzongu-valley-north-sikkim-india/ Wiki Loves Butterfly: Community-Led Contributions in Dzongu Valley, North Sikkim, India] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/12/gender-climate-and-sustainability-my-journey-with-the-awa-fellowship-2025/ Gender, Climate and Sustainability: My Journey with the AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/amplifying-inclusion-and-climate-justice-through-open-knowledge-my-journey-as-a-fellow-under-awa-fellowship-2025/ Amplifying Inclusion and Climate Justice Through Open Knowledge: My Journey as a Fellow under AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/justice-through-open-knowledge-training-human-rights-advocate-to-document-human-rights-incident-with-wikipedia-and-wikimedia-commons/ Justice through Open Knowledge: Training Human Rights Advocate to Document Human Rights Incident with Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons] (SDG 10)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/16/wings-of-bengal-the-winners-of-wiki-loves-bangla-2025/ Wings of Bengal: The Winners of Wiki Loves Bangla 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://infomgnt.org/posts/2025-07-16-Connecting-Knowledge-with-Wikidata-a-practical-Project-with-the-Museum-fuer-Naturkunde-Berlin/ Connecting Knowledge with Wikidata: A Practical Project with the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/19/when-time-slows-down-documenting-butterflies-in-the-north-eastern-himalayas/ When Time Slows Down: Documenting Butterflies in the North Eastern Himalayas] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/wiki-loves-earth-celebrates-1000000-images-of-the-natural-heritage-worldwide/ Wiki Loves Earth celebrates 1,000,000 images of the natural heritage worldwide!] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/28/closing-content-gaps-highlights-from-my-july-as-an-awa-inclusion-and-climate-justice-fellow/ Closing Content Gaps: Highlights from my July as an AWA Inclusion and Climate Justice Fellow] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/01/thrilling-two-day-butterfly-expedition-in-central-odisha/ Thrilling Two-Day Butterfly Expedition in Central Odisha] (SDG 15)

; Events
* 6-9 August: Wikimania is coming up, and you can easily [[wikimania:2025:Registration|join remotely]]. Find [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|all sessions related to the Sustainable Development Goals]].

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  21 September: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User Group Meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/07/when-butterflies-took-over-a-classroom/ When Butterflies Took Over a Classroom] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/13/a-walk-with-butterflies-that-healed-the-heart/ A Walk with Butterflies That Healed the Heart] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/21/wikimania-2025-information-integrity-on-climate-change-on-wikimedia-projects/ Wikimania 2025: Information Integrity on Climate Change on Wikimedia projects] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/botanical-perspective-of-wikitutuwuhan-project/ Botanical Perspective of WikiTutuwuhan Project] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Past, present and future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library] (SDG 15)
* [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|All SDG related sessions at Wikimania]]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 7 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250921|minutes]])

; Other news
* The OpenStreetMap community has an initiative called &quot;[https://mapyourgrid.org/ MapYourGrid]&quot; focused on energy infrastructure on Wikidata and Open Streetmap. (SDG 7)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/18/bridging-climate-science-and-the-public-how-the-austrian-climate-report-found-a-home-on-wikipedia/ Bridging Climate Science and the Public: How the Austrian Climate Report Found a Home on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/27/microworld-a-wikimedia-fueled-microbial-exhibition-in-northern-argentina/ Microworld: a Wikimedia-fueled microbial exhibition in northern Argentina] (SDG 4)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/30/wiki-green-conference-2025/ Wiki-Green Conference 2025]

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== Event page ==

Ndewo! Since this event - [[Event:Asọmpi Mkpụrụokwu Narị Abụọ (Igbo Wiktionary 200 Words Challenge)]] is focused on improving the Igbo Wiktionary, can you move the event page to be on the ig wiktionary instead? I think it's a great idea and would definitely help make organizing better. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 16:40, 27 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/01/ewe-language-activists-trained-to-translate-the-sustainable-development-goals-online/ Ewe Language Activists Trained to Translate the Sustainable Development Goals Online]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/11/how-wikimedia-commons-is-making-microbiology-open-lessons-from-wikimedistas-de-jujuy-argentina/ How Wikimedia Commons is making microbiology open: lessons from Wikimedistas de Jujuy, Argentina] (SDG 4)
* The [https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Faktamall_f%C3%B6retag&amp;diff=58499099&amp;oldid=57412306 Swedish Wikipedia company infobox now shows carbon emissions data] retreived from Wikidata for over 200 companies. (SDG 13)

; Events
* 6 November–3 December:  [[m:Event:Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025|Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025]] (SDG 5)
* 11 November: [[m:Event:First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] (SDG 10)
* 1–30 November: [[w:id:Wikipedia:Bulan_Asia_Wikipedia_2025|Bulan Asia Wikipedia 2025]] (SDG 10)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 11 December: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20251211|User group call]]
* As are ending the year and will be wrapping up on the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|current annual plan]] we are doing a few sprints. If every member of the user group makes just one contribution, we will finish these easily and have a great resource for the entire community. Please check out these and see if you can help out:
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Video translation|Videos with translatable subtitles]] 
*** Help by identifying which videos need translation
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Charts coordination|Charts]]
*** Help by identifying charts that should be used in SDG topics
&lt;br/&gt;

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/ Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/10/northern-argentine-wikimedians-recognized-in-regional-openstreetmap-contest/ Northern Argentine Wikimedians recognized in regional OpenStreetMap Contest] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/LMyQBP/ny-ai-modell-svenska-foretags-utslapp-av-koldioxid Garbo gräver fram siffror på utsläpp av koldioxid] news in Swedish about carbon emissions data being added to the company infoboxes (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.at/der-klimabericht-und-die-wikipedia-teil-3-wissenschaftskommunikation/ Der Klimabericht und die Wikipedia Teil 3: Wissenschaftskommunikation] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[m:SheSaid|SheSaid campaign on Wikiquote]]. From 1 September until 31 December 2025. (SDG 5)

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== Invitation to Organise Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

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[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]
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Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Hope you’re doing well. I’m reaching out with some exciting updates about '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''. Thanks to the amazing support from organizers like you, the campaign has grown into one of the biggest and most collaborative initiatives in the entire Wikimedia movement. Your efforts have played a huge part in that, and we’re truly grateful. We’re hoping to make the 2026 edition even larger and even more community-driven.

We’d be very happy to have you join again as an organizer. The sign-up process is simple this year:

#Create your local event page (you can copy from the [[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore/Sample|sample]])
#Set up your Fountain or [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/campwiz/ CampWiz] campaign.
#Add your campaign link to the 2026 '''[[:m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2026/Project_Page|registration list]]'''

The focus of the campaign remains the same - creating or expanding Wikipedia content on feminism, women’s issues, gender topics, and diverse folk traditions from around the world. International and local prizes will continue as before.

'''Special Prize for 2026:'''

Every participant will receive a Wikipedia 25 digital postcard as a token of appreciation for contributing to the global movement during Wikipedia’s 25th anniversary year. This will be sent to all contributors who take part in the campaign.

We’re also adding an optional one-time internet and childcare support for organizers who may need extra assistance to carry out their local campaign. This is entirely optional and meant to help those who might otherwise face challenges in organizing. More details will be shared soon.

If you’re unable to organize this year, no worries at all - please feel free to share the invitation with others in your community who might be interested.

If you have any questions or would like to discuss plans, you can reach us on the [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026|talk page]] or by email.

Looking forward to collaborating again,

'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''

--[[Ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:MediaWiki message delivery|ṅkátá]]) 18:18, 12 Disemba 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fiftieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  User group call, 11 December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20251211|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/08/wikiforhumanrights-2025-documenting-ghanas-just-energy-transition-through-the-lens/ WikiForHumanRights 2025: Documenting Ghana’s Just Energy Transition Through the Lens] (SDG 7)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2025/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Update_on_the_Bioeconomy_Science_Institute_Wikimedian_in_Residence|Update on the Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/14/wikiforhumanrights-2025-campaign-in-ghana/ WikiForHumanRights 2025 campaign in Ghana] (SDG 7&amp;13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/12/topics-for-impact/ Topics for impact] by Wikimedia UK
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/ Project Gayatri: A Year of Building Knowledge, Closing with Heart] (SDG 13)

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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

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[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

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;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026

Dear {{BASEPAGENAME}},

We are pleased to invite you to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and women.

;What Can Participants Write About?
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances
* Women and queer figures in folklore
* Women in mythology and oral traditions
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]]
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline
#* Local and international prizes
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
*For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.
* Join the office hours on 23 January 2026 and connect with the international Team. ([[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|sign up now]])

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2025|annual report for 2025]] was published.
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Next user group meeting]] is 22 February.
* The drafting of the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2026|2026 annual plan]] is under way, please help.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/09/winning-images-of-the-special-category-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2025%F0%9F%A4%9D/ Winning images of the special category “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2025🤝] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* A proposal for a climate and sustainability meetup at Wikimania has been submitted. Keep your fingers crossed it gets accepted!

; Other news
* [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud Metabase], a project to create a [[m:Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Knowledge Base|movement-wide knowledgebase for activities and initiatives]], now has the property [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud/wiki/Property:P109 relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator] and all the Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators. This makes it possible to make sure that your projects and initiative that supports these are marked as doing so and also find previous efforts related to them.
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists: Why thematic engagement matters] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/influence-of-seasonal-and-eco-climatic-factors-on-butterfly-diversity-insights-from-wiki-loves-butterfly/ Influence of Seasonal and Eco-climatic Factors on Butterfly Diversity: Insights from Wiki Loves Butterfly] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/african-women-in-climate-action-a-continued-editing-journey-through-the-edither-africa-contest-2026/ African Women in Climate Action: A Continued Editing Journey through the EditHer Africa Contest 2026] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

; Events
* March is Women's History Month and also has the Internaltional Women's day, so there are plenty of related events. Check out [[m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]] to find some near you. (SDG 5)
* [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] (SDG 4, 10 &amp;17)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* There is now a [[c:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|user box template on Wikimedia Commons]] that you can use to show that you are participant of the user group. There were already user boxes on [[m:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Meta]], [[d:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Wikidata]], [[w:en:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|English]] and [[w:sv:Mall:Användare Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Swedish]] Wikipedia. If your home wiki uses user boxes but lacks one, feel free to copy any of these to it.

; Other news
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/ “Cinematic intensity”: The winners of Wiki Loves Earth 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00940-y Scientists should join collaborative online editing communities for biodiversity] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/04/15/from-lens-to-knowledge-citizen-science-through-wiki-loves-butterfly/|From Lens to Knowledge: Citizen Science through Wiki Loves Butterfly]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Wikidata type specimen data model]]  (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|Edit-a-thon &quot;Women Botanists&quot; and “Plants Around Us: Veles” workshop]] (SDG 5 &amp; 15)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:100 Days 100 Edits|100 Days 100 Edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026|Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026]] (SDG 2, 6 &amp; 7)
* May 9-10: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Projekt naturgeografi/Fotosafari: Fåglar i Skåne 2026|Bird photography trip]] in south Sweden (SDG 15)
* May 30: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Biologisk mångfald|Editathon about biodiversity]] in Stockholm (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/05/19/wikimedia-projects-and-the-climate-crisis-how-wiki-for-sustainable-futures-2026-is-being-built/|Wikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being BuiltWikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being Built]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7 &amp; 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/05/21/earth-day-every-day-preserving-biodiversity-on-wikipedia/ Earth Day, Every Day: Preserving Biodiversity on Wikipedia] (SDG 15)
*[[diffblog:ar/2026/05/29/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-2026-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9/|Launch of the Arabic Environmental Contest 2026: an ambitious initiative to enrich environmental content]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/From_the_field_to_the_free_web From the field to the free web] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5 and 10.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; In the news
* [[diffblog:2026/06/08/reading-wikipedia-in-the-classroom-in-wa-ghana-empowering-educators-with-media-and-information-literacy-skills/|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom in Wa, Ghana: Empowering Educators with Media and Information Literacy Skills]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/12/amplifying-womens-stories-and-indigenous-knowledge-feminism-and-folklore-2026-in-the-igbo-community/|Amplifying Women’s Stories and Indigenous Knowledge: Feminism and Folklore 2026 in the Igbo Community]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/13/artfeminism-network-organizers-at-eseap-conference-2026/|Art+Feminism Network Organizers at ESEAP Conference 2026]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/14/a-reflection-on-what-i-learned-at-my-first-international-womens-day-celebration/|A Reflection on What I Learned at My First International Women’s Day Celebration]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/16/from-mentee-to-builder-my-six-months-in-the-eduwiki-hub-mentorship-program/|From Mentee to Builder: My Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/16/building-skills-and-confidence-during-my-three-month-journey-through-the-on-wiki-skill-program-organized-by-africa-wiki-women/|Building Skills and Confidence During My Three-Month Journey Through the On Wiki Skill Program Organized by Africa Wiki Women]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/17/why-the-eduwiki-starter-kit-matters-for-the-future-of-education/|Why the EduWiki Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/17/empowering-new-editors-to-bridge-the-gender-gap-my-experience-as-a-mentor-in-the-edither-africa-april-2026-contest/|Empowering New Editors to Bridge the Gender Gap: My Experience as a Mentor in the EditHer Africa April 2026 Contest]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/18/visible-women-edit-a-thon-piloting-a-collaborative-approach-to-free-knowledge-in-hong-kong/|Visible Women Edit-a-thon: Piloting a Collaborative Approach to Free Knowledge in Hong Kong]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/23/guiding-new-voices-training-women-in-wikidata-during-the-april-edither-africa-contest/|Guiding New Voices: Training Women in Wikidata during the April EditHer Africa Contest]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/23/wikimedia-community-usergroup-botswana-in-collaboration-with-art-and-feminism-on-wikidata-mobile-training-2026/|Wikimedia Community Usergroup Botswana in collaboration with Art and Feminism on Wikidata Mobile Training 2026]] (SDG 5)

; Events
* 10-18 July: [[m:Event:Wikiwomen Camp 2026|Wikiwomen Camp 2026]] (SDG 5)
* 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers &amp; Frauen 14.07.2026|Queers &amp; Frauen]] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)
* 21-25 July: Wikimania is coming up and there are plenty of sessions related to sustainable development. There is now a dedicated page for those sessions at [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions]].
* 23 July: [[m:Event:From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements|From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements]] (SDG 10)
* 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers &amp; Frauen 28.07.2026|Queers &amp; Frauen]] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

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      <text bytes="303049" sha1="1dvyiulsco1roq9ysm0ckvhnc08ta7v" xml:space="preserve">Abụ m Olugold ọ na-amasị m inye aka na ọrụ Wikimedia Foundation.

== Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? ==

Hi! Olugold,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].

Please vote and encourage other editors of Igbo Wikipedia to also vote.

Regards, [[Ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Zuz (WMF)|kwuo]]) 16:39, 11 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC)

:Thank you so much [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 20:41, 11 Ọnwa atọ 2022 (UTC)

== Stefania Turkewich ==

Thank you very much for this article, Olugold! [[Ọbanife:Nicola Mitchell|Nicola Mitchell]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Nicola Mitchell|kwuo]]) 10:02, 14 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)

:Anytime!😊👍🏾 [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 11:38, 14 Ọnwa asaa 2022 (UTC)

== [[:Òtù:Candidates for speedy deletion]] ==

Hi, can you please review these deletion requests? '''[[User:Rschen7754|Rs]][[User talk:Rschen7754|chen]][[Special:Contributions/Rschen7754|7754]]''' 23:58, 8 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

:Done! Thank you! [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|kwuo]]) 07:20, 9 Ọktoba 2022 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[file:Ask Me Anything on Movement Charter, Introduction by Érica Azzellini, English, Nov 12, 2022.webm|thumb|320px|Ask Me Anything session introduction (12 November), presented by a Movement Charter Drafting Committee member.]]

* MCDC members attended the “[[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#Ask Me Anything on Movement Charter sessions|'''Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter''']]” sessions to provide more information about the Movement Charter, its goal, why it matters and how it impacts the communities. Recordings of the presentations in different languages can be found [[m:c:Category:Movement_Charter_videos|here]].
* [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|'''The Movement Charter Ambassadors Program''']]: Movement Charter Ambassadors (MCA) are individuals or groups interested in helping to ensure that their communities are fully engaged in community consultations. MCA are interested in supporting their communities to understand the content of the Movement Charter as well as ensuring that their communities can easily provide feedback. Anyone can become a MCA! [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/grant|Dedicated funds are available]] to support the MCA and their activities. Are you interested in becoming a Movement Charter Ambassador for your community? Sign up [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/Join|here]]!
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcements/Closing membership|'''The Movement Charter Drafting Committee will close membership''']]: The  Committee decided not to add new members or replace those who step down after 1 January 2023, unless for exceptional reasons.
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#October 2022|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in October''']]:  The Committee released its regular monthly update from October 2022. It includes highlights about the Committee's progress in drafting the Movement Charter content, its upcoming community consultation and participation at Wikimedia events.

'''Coming up''':

* '''[[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#Community_consultation|Regional feedback conversations]]:''' The MCDC’s community consultations to collect feedback on the first three sections of the Movement Charter will take place between November 20 and December 18, 2022. You are invited to join one of the regional conversations planned for the eight regions (and various languages) of the Movement. Please note that interested people can share their feedback in different ways, including on the [[m:Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]], on the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/c/ensure-equity-in-decision-making/movement-charter/21 Movement Strategy forum], filling out a [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/743832 survey] (anonymously) and sending an email to: [mailto:movementcharter@wikimedia.org movementcharter{{@}}wikimedia.org].
* '''Sign up [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/Join|here]]''' to become a Movement Charter Ambassadors from your community and help ensure that your community is aware of the conversations around the Movement Charter!  
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--13:37, 20 Novemba 2022 (UTC).
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2022 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfirst newsletter, covering November 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Activities'''
* Current: Women in Climate Change editathon in various languages (1 December 2022 - 31 January 2023) (SDG 5 &amp; 13) [17]
* Past: Wikipedia and sustainability, how to increase knowledge on climate change? (SDG all) [1]
* Past: Wikidata editathon in Swedish during COP 27 (SDG  13) [2]

'''News'''
* Wikimedia Nederland signed the Wikimedia Affiliates Environmental Sustainability Covenant (SDG all) [3]
* WikiProject Govdirectory was featured as Digital Public Goods (SDG 16) [11]
* The theme for Wiki Loves Africa 2023 has been revealed: Climate and weather (SDG  13) [16]

'''Resources'''
* Let's Connect learning report - pilot phase 2022 (SDG 17) [15]

'''Research'''
* Recommendations for use of annotations and persistent identifiers in taxonomy and biodiversity publishing [SDG 15) [7]
* A longitudinal analysis of gender diversity in Wikipedia articles (SDG 5) [13]

'''Videos'''
* 10 Anos de Wikidata: Wikidata for Open Access to Cultural Heritage, por Susanna Ånäs (AvoinGLAM) (SDG 11) [14]

'''New WikiProjects'''
* Myosotis Pilot (SDG 15) [12]

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* Bank of information on the historical and cultural heritage of the Republic of Belarus (SDG 11) [4]
* Louisiana Plant ID (SDG 15) [5]
* DrugCentral ID (SDG 3) [8]
* Probes And Drugs ID  (SDG 3) [9]

'''New Wikidata query examples'''
* Map of water bodies in France (SDG 14) [6]
* Gender balances of winners of literary awards (SDG 5) [10]

'''Links'''
* [1] https://www.wikimedia.nl/session_wikiconnl22/
* [2] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Sweden/Swedish_Riksdag_documents/Kopplingssprint_COP_27
* [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Affiliates_Environmental_Sustainability_Covenant
* [4] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11184
* [5] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11189
* [6] https://w.wiki/5wCp
* [7] https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e97374
* [8] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11198
* [9] https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P11199
* [10] https://w.wiki/5$BR
* [11] https://mailchi.mp/c3e4c371c62a/announcing-new-dpga-members-and-strengthening-dpi-12387620
* [12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM/Museum_of_New_Zealand_Te_Papa_Tongarewa/What_We%27ve_Done/Myosotis_Pilot
* [13] https://observablehq.com/@pac02/wednesday-index
* [14] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vgh5_oD1yec
* [15] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Let%27s_Connect_learning_report_-_pilot_phase_2022.pdf
* [16] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Africa_2023
* [17] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Climate_Change_2022

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia Movement Charter - Values and Principles presentation - November 2022.webm|thumb|256px|right|Presentation about the Values &amp; Principles chapter by MCDC member [[m:User:Geugeor|Georges Fodouop]].]]
[[File:Wikimedia Movement Charter - Roles and Responsibilities presentation - November 2022.webm|thumb|256px|right|Presentation about the Roles and Responsibilities chapter (statement of intent) by MCDC member [[m:User:Manavpreet Kaur|Manavpreet Kaur]].]]

* [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#November%202022|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in November''']]''':''' As usual, the Committee released its regular monthly updates from November 2022. This month’s updates include highlights about the external facilitator hiring, next in-person meeting of the Committee and updates about the new drafting groups, among others. 
* [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|'''First community consultation period:''']] From mid November to mid December 2022 the Committee members took part in 8 regional feedback sessions. Committee members joined the sessions to provide clarifications and answer to questions that came from different language communities on the Movement Charter. 
** Recordings of the presentations shared during the regional meetings are available [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Regional Conversations#Regional%20conversation|here]] for those interested. 
** A list '''[[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Frequently Asked Questions|Frequently Asked Questions]]''' that came up in the calls is available on Meta. 
** If you have not shared your feedback on the drafts of the Movement Charter yet, please do so by filling out this [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/743832 '''anonymous survey'''], which is open until '''January 2, 2023''' and is available in '''more than 12 languages'''. 
* [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|'''The Movement Charter Ambassador Program''']] received over 15 proposals. The ambassadors are currently putting their initiatives into action in various local communities. The Movement Charter Ambassadors Program will once again be opened for applications in the second quarter of 2023, in preparation for the next  round of Movement Charter consultations. Both individuals and organizations will be able to apply. Those interested in becoming Movement Charter Ambassadors are encouraged to [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/Join|sign-up]]. 

'''Coming up''':
* '''Community Conversations summary:''' [[m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|The Movement Strategy and Governance]] team of the Wikimedia Foundation will prepare and publish the final summary report of the community feedback in January 2023. The report will be shared with the MCDC and the communities on different channels of communication. 
* '''Feedback on the Movement Charter:''' There will be additional ways to engage with the Movement Charter content, including the early feedback on the proposed ratification process and a new set of draft chapters in the second quarter of 2023. 
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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--14:27, 22 Disemba 2022 (UTC).
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== Ihe nrite Onye Ntinyeaka ==


{| style=&quot;background-color: #CEF2D4; border: 10px solid Green;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Silverwiki 2 za zásluhy.png|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''Onye ntụgharị Pụrụ iche n'afọ 2022'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; | Anyị n'ekele gị maka ọrụ ị na-arụ na &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 Wikipidia Igbo]&lt;/span&gt;. '''Daalụ maka ịtụgharị edemede karịrị nari abụọ'''. Ị mere nke ọma, jisie ike! 
[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 10:48, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC)
|}

:Obi dị mu ụtọ maka ihe nrite nke afọ a. Daalụ nke ukwu! [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 20:55, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2022 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentysecond newsletter, covering December 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* January 15: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|Online user group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 15)
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2022/11/28/museology-myosotis-and-metadata-oh-my-sharing-sustainably-in-wikipedia/ Museology, Myosotis, and metadata oh my! Sharing sustainably in Wikipedia] (SDG 15)

'''Resources'''
* New Book: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1 Open Mapping Towards Sustainable Development Goals] (SDG all)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t66i3ztg-1E&amp;t=1717s Margaret Donald - Wikidata, OpenRefine &amp; Biota] (SDG 15)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_alismatid_families|List of alismatid families]] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11231|has biological vector]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11272|Bureau of Meteorology location ID]] (SDG 13)
* [[d:Property:P11277|CIViC gene ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11281|Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11282|Tanzania Parliament member ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11311|Lygaeoidea Species File ID]] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentythird newsletter, covering January 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|19 February - User group meeting]] (SDG all) 
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230115|15 January - User group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 14)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Dunedin_5|The 2023 Bug of the Year Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/challenge.php?id=74 Lexeme challenge Urology] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Veckans_tävling/Grodor_versus_ödlor|Swedish Wikipedia weekly challenge - Frogs versus lizards]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December_2022/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Three_hundred_episodes_of_Critter_of_the_Week|Three hundred episodes of Critter of the Week]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://zenodo.org/record/7521891#.Y9p6MdLMKw4 Wikidata Queries around the SARS-CoV-2 virus and pandemic] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/05/the-stories-behind-the-wiki-loves-earth-2022-photos-from-turkiye/ The stories behind the Wiki Loves Earth 2022 photos from Türkiye] (SDG 14)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/05/announcing-our-funding-support-from-the-patient-centered-outcomes-research-institute-pcori/ Announcing our funding support from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/04/jumping-for-science-how-wikipedia-assignments-inspire-stem-students/ Jumping for science: how Wikipedia assignments inspire STEM students] (SDG 14)
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Birds_of_NYC_Photo_Contest/Winners|Birds of NYC Photo Contest Winners announced!]] (SDG 14)
* [https://anchor.fm/civichackerpodcast/episodes/Using-Wikidata-to-Connect-Constituents-With-Their-Government-e1or922 Using Wikidata to Connect Constituents With Their Government] (SDG 16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/23/wiki-loves-earth-2022-presents-the-winners-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment/ Wiki Loves Earth 2022 presents the winners of the special nomination “Human rights and environment”!] (SDG 10 &amp; 14) 
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/19/equity-diversity-inclusion-in-affiliate-governance/ Equity, diversity &amp; inclusion in affiliate governance] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

'''Resources'''
* [https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/01/26/building-life-sciences-knowledge-graph-data-lake.htmlBuilding a Life Sciences Knowledge Graph with a Data Lake] (SDG 3)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HW6YxXRL18 Editor uses Wikidata to find new uses for existing drugs and speed up approval process for new treatments] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:WikiForHumanRights_Information_Session_2023.webm|WikiForHumanRights Information Session]] (SDG 10)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_birds_of_Tuvalu|List of birds of Tuvalu]] (SDG 14) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos|List of World Heritage Sites in Laos]] (SDG 11) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh|List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh]] (SDG 11)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11429|NIP]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11402|NSR doctor ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:/Property:P11430|UniProt disease ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11446|Strazha ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11500|United States House of Representatives ID]] (SDG 16)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Noun Scroll 308110.svg|120px|right]]
* '''First Community Consultation:''' A concise summary of the community consultation on the initial three drafts of the Charter is now available for your review [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Summary|on Meta]] and [[wmfblog:2023/02/07/movement-charter-community-consultation-summary/|on the Diff platform]]. In addition, you can read about MC Ambassadors are sharing about their experiences: 
** [[wmfblog:2023/02/10/highlights-of-the-movement-charter-drafting-committees-first-community-consultation/|Highlights of the community consultation process, as well as about the Movement Charter Ambassador Program]]. 
** [[wmfblog:2023/02/10/igbo-wikimedians-communitys-participation-in-the-movement-charter-consultation/|The Igbo Wikimedia community’s participation in the MC consultation]].
** [[wmfblog:2023/02/01/ambassadors-of-the-movement-charter-draft-committee-in-the-arabic-speaking-community-share-their-experience/|The experience of Arabic-speaking community members]]. 
* '''What’s next after the community feedback period?''' The Committee is currently reviewing the detailed feedback which consists of 59 pages of comments, in March the Committee will share their response to the comments. The detailed version of the feedback, which the Committee is reviewing, is also available [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/2022|on this Meta page]]. 
* '''MCDC’s Virtual Working Session:''' The Committee gathered virtually from 3rd to 5th February to work on the drafts of the following new set of [[m:Movement Charter/Content|chapters of the Movement Charter]]: Global Council, Hubs, Decision Making, and Roles &amp; Responsibilities. The Committee members worked in their smaller drafting groups first. The full Committee then convened, with representatives of each drafting group presenting the progress made so far, as well as about what type of support is needed for their future sessions. 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#January 2023|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in January''']]''':''' The update includes details of the meetings held by the Committee in the month of January 2023, stakeholder conversations, completed work as well as about the new drafting groups, creating glossary and independent legal review. 

'''Coming up:'''
* '''Community feedback on the ratification methodology''' proposal of the future Movement Charter. The feedback was postponed until March 2023. The communities will be able to review the ratification methodology and share their early input on the open questions.  
* '''The MCDC will soon announce a “Call for Advisors”.''' The call will be an invitation for interested individuals with relevant expertise and knowledge to participate in drafting the Charter. Advisors will be considered non-voting members.
* '''Responses to the community consultation feedback''' by the MCDC. The Committee has been carefully reviewing feedback collected in the consultation from November &amp; December 2022, and will publicly share responses to the feedback by March.   
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--14:20, 22 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC).
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== A new Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions update is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-02-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: the latest changes in our development team, info about our participation at the latest Conversation with Trustees, links to the recordings of our last week's meetings, and the latest development updates.

Enjoy the reading!

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 11:28, 27 Febụwarị 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfourth newsletter, covering February 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
'''Meetings'''
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|2023-03-05 User group meeting]] (SDG all)
* [[m:2023-03-19 User group meeting|Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions|Suggest &quot;Environmental sustainability and climate crisis&quot; topics for Wikimania]] (SDG all)
* Ongoing: [[m:Africa_Environment|Africa Environment WikiFocus]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [https://www.eventbrite.com/x/edit-for-climate-change-wikipedia-editathon-registration-526291811977 Edit for Climate Change: Wikipedia Editathon] (SDG 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|Capacity Building Sessions on &quot;Tools for Finding the Right Articles&quot; and &quot;Building Article List with Petscan&quot;]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Resources|Regional Office Hours for Africa and Maghreb Regions]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://observablehq.com/@thadk/garden NCBI breakdown of common garden foods with photographs by Phytotheca] (SDG 2)

'''Resources'''
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Sweden_report|3000 Arctic images]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Content_Partnerships_Hub_report|SMART-Servier Medical Art upload]] (SDG 3)

'''Research'''
* [https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/sustainability/ Open Source in Environmental Sustainability] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11576|Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11587|Iowa legislator ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11610|National Grid Balancing Mechanism unit ID]] (SDG 7)

'''Wikidata query examples'''
* [https://w.wiki/5Vu8 Map of disasters by type] (SDG 11)

'''Featured articles'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:South_Asian_river_dolphin|South Asian river dolphin]] (SDG 14)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sri_Lanka|List of World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka]] (SDG 11)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_lamiid_families|List of lamiid families]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96.jpg|Three horses (SDG 15)
File:Hunter_baby_chameleon.jpg|Hunter baby chameleon (SDG 15)
File:Rice_paper_butterfly_%2816709%29.jpg|Rice paper butterfly (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28top_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (top view) (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28side_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (side view).jpg (SDG 15)
File:Mockingbird_on_the_North_Lake_Trail_%2836851%29.jpg|Mockingbird on the North Lake Trail (SDG 15)
File:Striated_Pardalote_0012.jpg|Striated Pardalote (SDG 15)
File:Kleines_Wiesenv%C3%B6gelchen_am_Morgen.jpg|Wiesenvögelchen (SDG 15)
File:Immature_herring_gull_%2816259%29.jpg|Herring gull (SDG 15)
File:Northern_shoveler_male_in_Marine_Park_%2833296%29.jpg|Northern shoveler (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 18:57, 1 Maachị 2023 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #106 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract_Wikipedia/Updates/2023-03-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: an essay from Denny about deconstructing narratives around functions, links to the recordings of our last presentations, and the latest development updates.

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1678127403 today at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading!

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 09:21, 6 Maachị 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #107 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract_Wikipedia/Updates/2023-03-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: an essay from Denny about where to store objects for Abstract Wikipedia (and relative problems with such issue) and the next appointment with the community.

About the last point, we remind you that the next Natural Language Generation workstream public meeting will be held on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679416242 March 21, at 16:30 UTC] on Jitsi ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading!

--  [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 11:02, 17 Maachị 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Noun Scroll 308110.svg|120px|right]]
* '''Call for Advisors'''! Individuals interested to support the Drafting Groups or the Subcommittees of the MCDC in the role of an advisor can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd2Fp9NxOox_nxjf9kgV8Q7InIPm4jO9rLmteNkUV34vSHatA/viewform fill out the advisory application form] by May, 2023. The MCDC will be contacting interested individuals on a rolling basis. Do you want to know more about it? Please [[wmfblog:2023/02/21/movement-charter-drafting-committee-call-for-advisors/|read here for more information]]. The information is also available in [[wmfblog:ar/2023/03/02/لجنة-صياغة-ميثاق-الحركة-دعوة-مستشارين/|Arabic]], [[wmfblog:es/2023/03/01/comite-de-redaccion-de-la-carta-del-movimiento-convocatoria-de-asesores/|Spanish]], [[wmfblog:fr/2023/02/27/comite-de-redaction-de-la-charte-du-mouvement-appel-aux-conseillers/|French]], [[wmfblog:pt/2023/02/24/comite-de-redacao-da-carta-do-movimento-wikimedia-chamada-para-pessoas-assessoras/|Brazilian Portuguese]], [[wmfblog:ru/2023/03/02/комитет-по-разработке-устава-движени/|Russian]] and [[wmfblog:zh-hant/2023/03/02/運動憲章起草委員會：徵求顧問/|Chinese]] languages respectively. 
* '''Movement Charter Ambassadors from the Latin America and the Caribbean region''' share their experiences of organizing community conversations on the Movement Charter. Please read the Diff blog [[wmfblog:pt/2023/03/12/programa-de-pessoas-embaixadoras-da-carta-do-movimento-wikimedia-na-america-latina-e-no-caribe/|in Brazilian Portuguese]] and in [[wmfblog:es/2023/03/16/programa-de-embajadores-de-la-carta-del-movimiento-wikimedia-en-america-latina-y-el-caribe/|Spanish languages]]. 
* '''Casual updates''': The MCDC publishes regular casual updates after bi-weekly full Committee meetings, as well as after other drafting group and subcommittee meetings. If you are interested, please read casual updates [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates/Casual|here on Meta]] and on [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-drafting-committees-casual-updates/2079 Movement Strategy Forum]. 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#February 2023|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in February''']]''':''' As usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. The MCDC’s monthly updates are also [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charters-discussion-and-monthly-updates/363/20 shared on the multilingual Movement Strategy forum]. 

'''Coming up'''

* '''[[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Responses|MCDC Responses to the community feedback]]''': The MCDC published responses [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Summary|to the community feedback]] on the first set of drafts (collected during a consultation in November - December 2022). The response includes a [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Responses|Summary]], as well as some [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/2022|specific responses to the full community feedback]] (highlighted in orange).
* '''Revised Movement Charter drafts:''' The MCDC will share in the coming month the revised versions of the first two chapters: [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Preamble|Preamble]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]] (including a newly-added glossary), and the revised [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities intentions statement]].
* '''Ratification methodology consultation''': The MCDC is working on a new proposal (not available yet) for a [[m:Movement Charter/Ratification|ratification methodology]]. The proposal will be discussed through a community consultation process, including live meetings to provide feedback. 

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''

&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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--11:34, 21 Maachị 2023 (UTC).
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #108 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-03-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue we announce [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-21780-7_6 a new paper] about Natural Language Generation by [https://www.cse.chalmers.se/~aarne/ Aarne Ranta], member of the Abstract Wikipedia NLG Special Interest Group and professor at the [[:w:en:University of Gothenburg|University of Gothenburg, Sweden]]. The paper is also accessible as a pre-print [https://www.grammaticalframework.org/~aarne/preprint-AAM-textgen.pdf here].

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1680543035 April 3, 2023 at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading!

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 10:50, 24 Maachị 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfifth newsletter, covering March 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230305|User group meeting 2023-03-05]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/30/join-the-wikiforhumanrights-campaign-and-contribute-knowledge-that-connects-human-rights-with-solutions-for-a-sustainable-future/ WikiForHumanRights] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Upcoming: April 19 - [[m:Translat-a-thon/NYC/2023|LaGuardia Community College Earth Day Translatathon with Casa de las Américas NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 22 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_2023_Bushwick|Earth Day 2023 Edit-a-thon Environment of Brooklyn Focus with Sure We Can]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 23 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_Wiknic|Earth Day Wiknic NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/WMF_GLAM_report|Gender and culture related event to test image suggestions on Wikipedia]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Edit_a_thon/artfeminism-edit-a-thon-for-nigerian-female-artists-2023|Art+Feminism edit-a-thon for Nigerian female artists]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/08/putting-our-energy-into-wikipedia-as-climate-action/ Putting our energy into Wikipedia as climate action] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/07/how-artfeminism-is-using-wikipedia-to-promote-equity-in-the-art-world/ How Art+Feminism is using Wikipedia to promote equity in the art world] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/New_Zealand_report|Biodiversity Heritage Library and Wikidata]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/USA_report|Black history month and more]] (SDG 10)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/14/women-do-news-tackling-the-gender-divide-in-journalism-through-wikipedia/ Women Do News: Tackling the Gender Divide in Journalism Through Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/17/wiki-loves-earth-2023-is-starting/ Wiki Loves Earth 2023 is starting!] (SDG 15)
* [https://medium.com/@openheritagefoundation/the-quest-to-close-the-gender-gap-on-wikipedia-continues-five-year-anniversary-with-feminism-ebd7a3b3185e The Quest to Close the Gender Gap on Wikipedia Continues; Five-Year Anniversary with Feminism &amp; Folklore] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/28/wikigap-malaysia-2023-empowering-women-in-indigenous-languages/ WikiGap Malaysia 2023: Empowering women in indigenous languages] (SDG 5)
* [https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/climate-crisis/wikipedia-has-a-climatetech-problem Wikipedia has a climatetech problem] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11623|NCI Drug Dictionary ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11649|Malaysia Federal Legislation act ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11650|Moscow University Herbarium ID]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11666|Norwegian Petroleum Directorate field ID]] (SDG 13)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_Saxifragales_families|List of Saxifragales families]] (SDG 15)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:Red-throated_wryneck|Red-throated wryneck]] (SDG 15)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Ourapteryx_yerburii_ssp._specimens_and_male_genitalia.jpg|Ourapteryx yerburii ssp. specimens and male genitalia (SDG 15)
Pterophorus_pentadactyla_-_Keila.jpg|Pterophorus pentadactyla (SDG 15)
Wood_duck_drake_%2886815%29.jpg|Wood duck drake (SDG 15)
Cardinal_%2886755%29.jpg|Cardinal (SDG 15)
Bunten_Kronwicke_%28Securigera_varia%29_Bl%C3%BCte-20200626-RM-173640.jpg|Bunten Kronwicke (Securigera varia) (SDG 15)
Neubrunn_Steinbruch_Blutrote_Heidelibelle_%28Sympetrum_sanguineum%29_8262082.jpg|Sympetrum sanguineum (SDG 15)
Boerenkrokus_%28Crocus_tommasinianus%29_28-02-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Crocus tommasinianus (SDG 15)
Papaya_-_longitudinal_section_close-up_view.jpg|Papaya - longitudinal section close-up view (SDG 15)
Aphantopus_hyperantus_-_Keila.jpg|Aphantopus hyperantus (SDG 15)
Australian_Zebra_Finch_0A2A3013.jpg|Australian Zebra Finch (SDG 15)
Melospiza_melodia_JRVdH_03.jpg|Melospiza melodia (SDG 15)
Roadside_hawk_%28Rupornis_magnirostris_griseocauda%29_eating_speckled_racer_%28Drymobius_margaritiferus%29_Orange_Walk.jpg|Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) (SDG 15)
Black_iguana_%28Ctenosaura_similis%29_Cayo.jpg|Black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28side_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (side view) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28dorsal_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (dorsal view) (SDG 15)
Fr%C3%BChlings-Knotenblume_%28Leucojum_vernum%29-20230220-RM-161056.jpg|Frühlings-Knotenblume (Leucojum vernum) (SDG 15)
Ocellated_turkey_%28Meleagris_ocellata%29_male_Peten.jpg|Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) male (SDG 15)
Geoffroy%27s_spider_monkey_%28Ateles_geoffroyi_yucatanensis%29_Peten_2.jpg|Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis) (SDG 15)
Bessen_van_een_Ophiopogon_planiscapus_%27Niger%27._28-02-2023._%28d.j.b%29.jpg|Ophiopogon planiscapus (SDG 15)
Protaetic_cuprea_ignicollis_2023-03-22_IZE-066.jpg|Protaetic cuprea ignicollis (SDG 15)
Monarch_butterflies_%28Danaus_plexippus_plexippus%29_Piedra_Herrada_2.jpg|Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) (SDG 15)
Cepaea_nemoralis_Paarung-20230314-RM-110511.jpg|Cepaea nemoralis (SDG 15)
Wiesen_Pippau_%28Crepis_biennis%29-20220624-RM-123950.jpg|Crepis biennis (SDG 15)
Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) Cayo.jpg|Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) (SDG 15)
Trifolium_spadiceum_-_Niitv%C3%A4lja.jpg|Trifolium spadiceum (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 07:42, 1 Eprel 2023 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:MCDC_pre_work_at_New_York_BoT_retreat.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Committee's meeting in New York, in early March.]]
* '''Starting conversations on how to ratify the Movement Charter:''' The Committee invites the Wikimedia movement to express opinions on the [[m:Movement Charter/Ratification|'''proposed Movement Charter ratification methodology''']] from April 10 to April 28. Everyone is invited to share feedback [[m:Talk:Movement Charter#Ratification methodology|on the Meta talk page]] or the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/movement-charter-ratification-methodology-community-review-from-10-28-april-2023/2930 Movement Strategy forum]. Two community conversation hours are planned to take place: on '''April 18 at 10.00 UTC''' and '''April 24 at 17.00 UTC'''. Please [[m:Movement Charter/Ratification/Ratification methodology review launch|read the details here]]. 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Responses|'''MCDC’s responses to the community feedback are now on Meta''']]''':''' The Committee has shared a summary of their responses and next steps based on the feedback from the first round of community consultation which took place late 2022.
* '''What to read on Diff?''' 
** [[wmfblog:2023/03/17/4-movement-charter-ambassadors-from-the-french-speaking-community-share-their-experience/|'''Learn more about the Movement Charter Ambassadors work''']]''':''' Movement Charter Ambassadors from the French-speaking community share their experience. 
** MCDC member [[m:User:Manavpreet Kaur|Manavpreet Kaur]] has written a blog post titled “[[wmfblog:2023/03/30/an-excerpt-from-my-life-movement-strategy-and-mcdc/|An excerpt from my life, movement, strategy and MCDC]]”. 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#Meetings|'''Learn about Movement Charter Drafting Committee’s work in March''']]''':''' the monthly Committee’s updates include information about the coordination efforts with Wikimedia Germany, update on membership, submission to Wikimania 2023, participation at the Wikimedia Foundations Board of Trustees’ strategic retreat in New York in March 2023. 

'''Coming up:''' 

* '''Revised chapters:''' The Committee is preparing to publish the revised draft chapters of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Preamble|The Preamble]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content/Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities]] intentions statement, based on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/2022|the community feedback]] received in November and December 2022. 
* '''Inviting advisors and experts:''' The Committee is preparing to welcome a number of advisors from outside the Committee. All interested Wikimedians were invited to apply earlier (you can still [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd2Fp9NxOox_nxjf9kgV8Q7InIPm4jO9rLmteNkUV34vSHatA/viewform apply here]!). Additionally, the Committee is planning and scheduling meetings with individuals with specific sets of expertise in various topics, including stewards, movement committees, Wikimedia Foundation and affiliate staff, and others.

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--19:18, 15 Eprel 2023 (UTC).
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #109 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-04-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: a reflection about implementation of functions, a [https://keet.wordpress.com/2023/03/14/some-reflections-on-designing-abstract-wikipedia-so-far/ reflection on Abstract Wikipedia] from [[User:Keet10|Prof. Maria Keet]], and a reminder about an in-person talk about Abstract Wikipedia in Sweden.

Also, we remind you that the next Natural Language Generation special interest group public meeting will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682440206 April 25, 2023 at 16:30 UTC]''' on Jitsi ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]). Special guest of the meeting will be [https://github.com/olpa/multi-nlg Oleg Parashchenko], who will share his experience and thoughts about implementing a multilingual NLG system. 

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] 09:11, 21 Eprel 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #110 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-04-28|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: Wikimedia Endowment finances development of the project, and the team has published its manifesto, Objectives and Key Results (OKRs) and communications principles.

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1683567008 May 8, 2023 at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:54, 2 Mee 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-sixth newsletter, covering April 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting 2023-05-07]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20230402|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_the_Challenge|WikiForHumanRights 2023 International Writing Contest]] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_Community_Events|WikiForHumanRights 2023 local community events]] (SDG 13, 15, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki_Climate_Campus_Tour_Nigeria|WikiCampusTourNigeria Project]] (SDG 6, 13, 14, 15)
* Upcoming (and past): [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Kvinnor,_arkitektur_och_design|Women, architecture and design]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Albania_report|WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|BBC 100 women editathon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Kosovo_report|WikiGAP in Prishtina]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Switzerland_report|15 Days of French women writers]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/DC/TSU_USF_Women%27s_History_Month_Wikipedia_Edit-a-thon|TSU USF Women's History Month Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Smithsonian_AWHI/Meetup/Crafting_a_Better_Wikipedia:_Women_of_Color_in_the_Renwick_Gallery|Crafting a Better Wikipedia: Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/07/tuswug-s2e2-women-in-wiki/ TUSWUG S2E2: Women in Wiki] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/13/inaugural-edition-of-the-organizer-lab-awards-6-community-grants/ Inaugural edition of the organizer lab awards – 6 community grants] (SDG 5 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/29/bolstering-womens-voices-and-histories-on-wikipedia/ Bolstering women’s voices and histories on Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|A huge upload for biologists]] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPPBhuQPhs&amp;ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation WikiForHumanRights 2023 Launch Webinar] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|WikiForHumanRights 2023 and WMF Human Rights Team Online Safety Capacity Building for Organizers]] (SDG 13)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLBSSlrI2vo WikiForHummanRights 2023 and Let's Connect Capacity building on good practices for retention] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/living-through-a-triple-planetary-emergency-capturing-the-most-impactful-knowledge-to-weather-the-storm/ Living through a Triple Planetary Emergency: Capturing the Most Impactful Knowledge to Weather the Storm] (SDG 10 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/wikimedia-foundation-environmental-sustainability-report-for-2022/ Wikimedia Foundation Environmental Sustainability Report for 2022] (SDG 13)
* [[:File:Wikimedia_h%C3%A5llbarhetsrapport_2022.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige sustainability report 2022]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)

'''Research'''
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12964 Hypotheses in urban ecology: building a common knowledge base] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11698|student retention rate]] (SDG 4)
* [[d:Property:P11704|INEP ID]] (SDG 4) [51]
* [[d:Property:P11729|Kulturenvanteri.com ID]] (SDG 11)
* [[d:Property:P11747|holds diplomatic passport of]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11741|SINTA affiliation ID]] (SDG 4)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_afrosoricids|List of afrosoricids]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Leptura_quadrifasciata_female_-_Keila.jpg|Leptura quadrifasciata (SDG 15)
Bursa_lamarckii_01.jpg|Bursa lamarckii (SDG 15)
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_head_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Western_Bowerbird_0A2A0436.jpg|Chlamydera guttata (SDG 15)
White-breasted_nuthatch_%2826471%29.jpg|Sitta carolinensis (SDG 15)
Patzmannsdorf_-_K%C3%BCrbisfeld_mit_Pfarrkirche_und_Raiffeisen-Silo_in_Stronsdorf.jpg|Pumpkin field (SDG 2)
Cinnamon-bellied_flowerpiercer_%28Diglossa_baritula%29_male_on_Indian_shot_%28Canna_indica%29_Finca_El_Pilar.jpg|Diglossa baritula &amp; Canna indica (SDG 15)
Knoppen_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer_platanoides%29._03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer platanoides (SDG 15)
Cinnamon_hummingbird_%28Amazilia_rutila%29_in_flight_Los_Tarrales.jpg|Amazilia rutila (SDG 15)
Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg|Passiflora edulis (SDG 15)
Golden-fronted_%28Velasquez%27s%29_woodpecker_%28Melanerpes_aurifrons%29_male_Copan.jpg|Melanerpes aurifrons (SDG 15)
Argiope_spider_female_adult_on_her_web_dorsal_view_black_background_Don_Det_Laos.jpg|Argiope versicolor (SDG 15)
Daslook._Allium_ursinum%2C_zwellende_bloemknop._18-04-2022_%28actm.%29_04.jpg|Allium ursinum (SDG 15)
Fallen_leaf_of_Platanus_x_hispanica_%281%29.jpg|Platanus x hispanica (SDG 15)
Thymelicus_lineola_underside_-_Keila.jpg|Thymelicus lineola (SDG 15)
Japanse_esdoorn_%28Acer_palmatum%29_03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer palmatum (SDG 15) [38]
Common_kestrel_%28Falco_tinnunculus%29_female_%28IMGP1648r2-DNA%29.jpg|Falco tinnunculus (SDG 15) [39]
California_sea_lion_nap_time_in_La_Jolla_%2870474%29.jpg|Zalophus californianus (SDG 15) [40]
Bladknop_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer%29._13-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29_01.jpg|Acer pseudoplatanus (SDG 15)
Tamarind_fruits_%28Tamarindus_indica_%27Si_Thong%27%29.jpg|Tamarindus indica (SDG 15)
White_leucistic_squirrel_with_a_peanut_%2885668%29.jpg|Sciurus carolinensis (SDG 15) [43]
Fork-tailed_flycatcher_%28Tyrannus_savana_monachus%29_in_flight_Cayo.jpg|Tyrannus savana monachus (SDG 15)
Rapa_incurva_01.jpg|Rapa incurva (SDG 15)
Arboreal_stingless_bee_nest_%28Trigona_sp.%29_Flores.jpg|Trigona sp. (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 19:31, 2 Mee 2023 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
'''Updates:''' 
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#April_2023_ratification_methodology_community_review|Charter Ratification Methodology proposal conversations]]''': The Movement Charter Drafting Committee recently held the first conversations regarding the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification|ratification methodology for the Movement Charter]]. The MCDC has received valuable feedback from different communities and the Committees during the community input period. The report of the community input will be shared in May, while the updated version of the ratification methodology will be presented between September and November 2023.  
* '''Communication evaluation''': The Communications sub-committee of the MCDC together with the support staff conducted an evaluation of the communications. The Communications sub-committee appreciates the time and input of the community members who shared their opinions during the interviews. Several recommendations are going to be implemented in the upcoming period based on the valuable input.  
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Updates#April_2023|Learn about the MCDC’s work in April]]''': The MCDC continues to draft additional chapters: The Global Council, Hubs, Decision-making and Roles &amp; Responsibilities. Alongside the drafting work, the MCDC is planning their in-person meeting scheduled for 2-4 June in Utrecht, Netherlands with the aim of advancing the charter's content. 

'''What’s coming up?'''
* Participants of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiNusantara_2023|WikiNusantara 2023 in Banjarmasin, Indonesia]] are invited to join a [[m:WikiNusantara_2023/Acara/Selayang_Pandang_Arah_Strategis_Gerakan_Wikimedia:_Kolaborasi_WMF_dan_Komunitas|session on the topics around Wikimedia Movement Strategy and community collaboration]] on May 20. [[m:User:RamzyM_(WMF)|Ramzy Muliawan]] will provide updates, share about the Movement Charter Ambassadors Program and answer the questions. 

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #111 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-05-12|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: a new full stack software engineer joins the development team, and a presentation of a paper co-authored by Denny about the history of Wikidata.

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:04, 15 Mee 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletters #112 and #113 are out ==

There are new updates for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions! Please, come and read them!

On May 17, 2023, we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-05-17|thanked Julia]] for her work and we wished her well for her new work with the Trust &amp; Safety team.

On May 25, 2023, we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-05-25|presented our new viewing and editing experience]] for Wikifunctions.

Want to catch-up with the previous updates? Check [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:58, 26 Mee 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #114 is out ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-06-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue: a very brief note about the Wikimedia Hackathon in Athens.

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1685986233 June 5, 2023 at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Note: since last time we've had some network problems with Jitsi, &lt;u&gt;in case of new malfunctions&lt;/u&gt; during next meeting we will provide on short notice a Google Meet link to the participants. Thanks for your understanding.

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 07:08, 3 Jụn 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #115 is out ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-06-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue we present the new interface for multilingual editing, and we discuss the results of our &quot;fix-it week&quot;.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:35, 9 Jụn 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletters #116 and #117 are out ==

There are new updates for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions! Please, come and read them!

On June 22, we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-06-22|summarised the results]] of our annual in-person meeting in Delft, The Netherlands.

On June 28, we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-06-28|thanked Cai and Allan]] for their work and we wished them well for their new endeavours.

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1689010212 July 10, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.jit.si/AWVolunteersCorner link to the meeting]).

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:02, 4 Julaị 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletters #118 to #121 are out ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
There are new updates for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions! Please, come and read them!

On July 20, we shared an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-20|update on our plans for the initial deployment of Wikifunctions]] in the next few weeks, what will be possible, and changes to the development in the last few weeks. Also, a request for suggestions on what should be the very first Function to be created in Wikifunctions.

On July 17, we announced a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-17|grant from Google.org]].

On July 12, we announced a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-12|grant from The Rockefeller Foundation]].

On July 7, we welcomed a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-07|new Director of Product]] to the team.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 21:38, 20 Julaị 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
[[File:Noun Scroll 308110.svg|180px|right]]
''This newsletter combines content from both June and July, due to a delay in sharing out the previous newsletter.''

'''Updates:''' 
* '''New Movement Charter content published:''' The Committee published new draft chapters on the [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Global Council|'''Global''' '''Council''']], [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Hubs|'''Hubs''']] and the [[m:Movement Charter/Content/Glossary|'''Glossary''']]. You are invited to share your feedback or ask any questions you may have to the Committee before September 1, 2023 on the following talk pages:
** [[m:Talk:Movement Charter/Content/Global Council|Share your feedback on The Global Council draft]] 
** [[m:Talk:Movement Charter/Content/Hubs|Share your feedback on Hubs draft]] 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft|'''Revised draft chapters published on Meta:''']] The Committee has shared the revised draft chapters: [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Preamble|Preamble]], [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Values &amp; Principles|Values &amp; Principles]], and [[m:Movement Charter/Content/One-page draft#Roles &amp; Responsibilities|Roles &amp; Responsibilities]] intentions statement. These revisions are based on the [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#November-December 2022 consultation|community feedback]] received in November-December 2022. 
* [[m:wmfblog:2023/06/02/how-will-the-wikimedia-movement-ratify-its-charter/|'''Ratification Methodology community feedback:''']] The summary of community feedback on the proposed methodology for the ratification of the Charter is on Diff. 

* Listen to the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jy_IQ_G1wEI '''WikiAfrica Hour #46: Africa and Movement Charter'''], where MCDC members [[m:User:Anass Sedrati|Anass Sedrati]] and [[m:User:Geugeor-WMF|Georges Foudoup]]  talk about Movement Charter, its aims and objectives, and the relevance to the African community. 
* MCDC member’s are busy participating in various community events to discuss Movement Charter. [[m:User:Manavpreet Kaur|Manavpreet Kaur]], a member of the Global Council and Roles and Responsibilities Drafting Groups [[m:EduWiki Conference 2023/Program/MCDC|joined the EduWikiConference 2023]].  The MCDC support staff [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|Ramzy Muliawan]] shared updates about the charter at [[m:WikiNusantara 2023|WikiNustantara 2023]] in Banjarmasin, Indonesia ([https://twitter.com/wikimediaid/status/1659772318913294336 @wikimediaid on Twitter]). The Wikimedia communities in Indonesia were engaged by [[m:Grants:Project/MSIG/Arcuscloud/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program|Movement Charter Ambassador]] [[m:User:Arcuscloud|Arcuscloud]] in the [[m:Grants:Project/MSIG/Arcuscloud/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program|last round of community conversations]]. 

* [[m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Updates#May 2023|'''Learn about MCDC’s work in May &amp; June:''']] as usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. 

'''What’s coming up?''' 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Community Consultation#MCDC Live Launch Party|'''Join the live launch party''']]: The Drafting Committee is hosting a launch party on July 30th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1690725614 14.00 UTC] to celebrate the new drafts, introduce them to the community and give space for sharing thoughts and feedback. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZYsdOiurT0vHta6stHaiHHEyrwK3RUPveBR#/registration '''Register here to receive a Zoom link to the launch party.'''] 
* [[m:Movement Charter/Ambassadors Program/Grant|'''Movement Charter Community Conversation grants''']] are open for individuals or groups who want to organize conversations about the Charter content. Talk to us if you need any support on [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/c/ensure-equity-in-decision-making/movement-charter-ambassadors/38 the MS Forum]! Apply for a grant before Jul 30, 2023. 
* [[m:wmania:2023:Wikimania|'''Wikimania 2023''']]''':''' Wikimania 2023: Members of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee are excited to be attending Wikimania Singapore in August, to speak to and hear from you in person (and hybrid) about the four drafts and the Charter in general.
* '''Community events:''' MCDC members will be present in the [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2023|CEE Meeting]] in September in Georgia to discuss the Charter content with the CEE and CA communities. In addition, the MCDC prioritizes participation in the conferences planned for 2023 to continue conversations on the content of the Charter with the communities: [[m:WikiConvention francophone/2023|WikiConvention Francophone]], [[m:WikiWomenCamp 2023|WikiWomen Camp]],  [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2023|WikiIndaba Morocco]], [[m:wikiconference:2023/Main_Page|WikiConference North America]], [[m:GLAM Wiki 2023|GLAM Wiki Conference]], among others.

''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

--12:25, 30 Julaị 2023 (UTC).
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #122 is out: Wikifunctions is live! ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-07-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Wikifunctions:Main_Page Wikifunctions.org] is live (in read-only mode), we welcome a new member of the team, and we announce a new job opening.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:02, 31 Julaị 2023 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Charter Drafting Committee's monthly newsletter: August 2023&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
'''Updates'''
* '''Community consultation''': The community consultation on the [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Global_Council|Global Council]], [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Hubs|Hubs]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Content/Glossary|Glossary]] drafts is ongoing. We value your input, if you have not already, please take a moment to review the draft chapters and share your thoughts with the MCDC. We’ve posed open questions we would like your opinion on. Feel free to engage in a way that is most comfortable for you and your community. Learn more on our Diff blogs about the [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/07/13/a-global-council-for-our-movement/ Global Council] and [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/07/27/building-wikimedia-movement-hubs-together/ Hubs]. 
* '''Launch Party''': On July 30 we hosted a Launch Party to share the Global Council and Hubs draft chapters. It was an inspiring event where we had the opportunity to listen to your feedback and address some of your questions. If you missed it, you can catch the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SItWeX78tv8&amp;list=LL&amp;index=4 recording on YouTube].
* '''Community Conversations''': We want to hear from as many people as possible. On July 16, the SWAN meeting opened its doors and offered an opportunity to interact with the MCDC members regarding the new drafts of the charter. [[m:Strategic_Wikimedia_Affiliates_Network/2023_07#Notes|Notes are available here]]. On July 28, a regional conversation with the Francophone community was held. Here comes a [[m:Talk:Movement_Charter/Content/Global_Council#Summary_of_the_feedback_from_the_francophone_conversation|short summary here in English and French]]. Additionally, on August 2 we had a fruitful conversation with the [[m:Talk:Movement_Charter/Content/Hubs#Summary_from_2_August_call|LATAM region]]. 
* '''[[m:Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Updates#July_2023|MCDC’s Work in July]]''': As usual, the update includes information about the meetings held by the Committee in this month, as well as about the work that was completed and the ongoing work &amp; discussions. 

'''Upcoming'''
* '''Join the MCDC at Wikimania''': Whether you’ll be at Wikimania 2023 in person or joining virtually, there are a few events that we would like to invite you to. Please drop by for a casual conversation. We would love to connect to workshop any ideas together. Drop in, get a sweet treat, and share your thoughts with us! [https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/2023:Registration Register] and see below for an overview of our time together: 
** Tuesday, August 15
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-15 02:00|02:00 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/UVKSKQ/ '''Movement Strategy &amp; Governance Connection track - Welcome and opening'''] (Room 325)
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-15 05:45|05:45 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/FJCXUP/ '''Movement Charter Drafting Committee: Open office hour'''] (Room 326)
** Wednesday, August 16
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-16 03:15|03:15 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/EYGDHC/ '''Role Play the Future Roles and Responsibilities in the Movement'''] (Room 326)
** Thursday, 17 August
*** {{zonestamp|2023-08-17 03:15|03:15 UTC}}: [https://pretalx.com/wm2023/talk/AWXHMA/ '''Movement Charter Content Discussions'''] (Room 310)
* A '''[[m:Special:MyLanguages/Movement_Charter/Community_Consultation#Regional_conversation:_Middle_East_and_North_Africa|regional call tailored for the MENA region]]''' will be conducted in Arabic on September 2 at 17.00 UTC. Kindly indicate your interest to attend this meeting.  
''Subscribe to this newsletter [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Newsletter|on Meta-wiki]]''
&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

MCDC Support Team, 23:53, 14 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)
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== Spam article ==

@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] [[Suraj Rana]] a blank page, requested for speedy deletion under the reason of &quot;no useful content, spam page&quot; [[Ihü kárírí:Contributions/82.115.220.168|82.115.220.168]] 12:16, 20 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

:Thanks for this notification [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 17:17, 20 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

== Spam Articles ==

@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] Pages that are requested for speedy deletion, I mentioned the link to the page &amp; reason below :

1) [[Krishnam Kumar]] 

Reason : Language, written in english language in igbo wikipedia also, Telegram links are included in reference list, it indicates self promotion links.

2) [[Jhonnchefe]]

Reason : Language, Self Promotional links are included like spotify, apple music, jaxta, YouTube.

3) [[Faaxy]]

Reason : Language (English)

4) [[الشيخ محمد حمزة التميمي]]

Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

5) [[مسكنك]]

Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

6) [[إيجي سكاي]]

Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

7) [[أراتوك]]

Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

8) [[كيرلس مجدي القمص]]
Reason : Blank page, Test Page, Spam, No useful content

[[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 01:30, 21 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

:Thanks for this notification. Done! [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 07:05, 21 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

== Spam Articles (for speedy deletion) ==

@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] Again I'm here to show some spam articles, Pages that are requested for speedy deletion, I mentioned the link to the page &amp; reason below :


1) [[اشرف عظيم وخبرته الواسعة في التسويق]]

Reason : Language (English)


2) [[Mohamed Mohsen]] 

Reason : Language, Self Promotional links are included like Facebook, TikTok, Instagram


3) [[Exclusive Movies (Streaming Platform)]]

Reason : Language, Self Promotional links are included like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram 


4) [[Iftkhar Mughal ( Actor )]]

Reason : Language, Self Promotional links are included - Instagram


5) [[Vivek Tripathi - Actor]]

Reason : Language (English)


6) [[Nitin Meena]]

Reason : Language (English)


7) [[Kiddyong]]

Reason : Language, Contains personal informations - &quot;phone number, email adddress,&quot; also it is just a self promoting article even you can able to understand by seeing the first line of that article &quot;Kiddyong The Naughty Kid&quot;???

7) [[Omar Yahya (actor)]]

Reason : Language (English), Self Promotional links are included - telegram, I couldn't find any real Movies of his and his biography is disorganized

8) [[King Media]]

Reason : Language (English), Self Promotional links are included - telegram

9) [[Yahya Moussa]]

Reason : Self Promotional links are included - telegram


[[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 18:10, 21 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

:Thank you once again for bringing these to my notice. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 18:25, 21 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)
::@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] Welcome :)   [[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 01:19, 22 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

== Spam articles  ==

@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] Once again here to show some spammy articles written in &quot;Arabic language&quot; with &quot;Self promotional links&quot;


1) [[محمد عتال]]

Reason : Language (Arabic), Self Promotional Links - SoundCloud, Spotify Anghami


2) [[وسام شاهين]]

Reason : Language (Arabic)


3) [[محمد جابر طه]]

Reason : Language (Arabic)


[[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 14:55, 22 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

:Thank you so much! Do not hesitate to tag me for cleanup. I sincerely appreciate your efforts. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 21:27, 22 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)
::@[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] 2 more spammy articles too. This time I included reason and additional reasons.
::1) [[Abdul Rahman Al Rubaie]]
::'''• Reason''' : Language (English), No useful content
::'''• Additional Reason''' : I searched about this person and I can't even able to get a single result about this person. This article contains only one paragraph, it says that he is football coach, other than it doesn't includes any notable works about him.

::2) [[Ahmed ALshehri]]
::'''• Reason''' : Language (English), No useful content
::'''• Additional reason''' : as same as mentioned in the first article.
:: Another info - [[Nitin Meena]] This page was previously deleted because of language and multiple issues, this article was re-created by the same person [[ 2401:4900:41E8:A08C:D5B9:C39B:83A4:2E9C]] and I noticed that he is the person who is creating autobiography on themself as you can see his message on here: [[Okwu:Nitin Meena]].
 
::Also thank you for your each responses.  [[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Quanteri|ṅkátá]]) 11:18, 24 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)
:::Thanks @[[Ọbanife:Quanteri|Quanteri]], I have responded accordingly.-- [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 15:13, 24 Ọgọọst 2023 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #125 is out: Wikimania digest, CoSMo language, GFpedia demo, CCKS keynote ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-08-31|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we recap what happened at our sessions at Wikimania 2023, we talk about some new updates regarding our Natural Language Generation special interest group (NLG SIG), and we briefly speak about Denny's most recent keynote speech.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:35, 1 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #126 is out: Let's start building morphological paradigms! ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-09-08|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, Denny proposes a call for action for creating morphological paradigms on Wikifunctions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 19:25, 10 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #127 is out: Renderers and parsers for types ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-09-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, Denny introduces a discussion about how to represent integers on Wikifunctions and its related challenges.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:07, 22 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #128 is out: Serializers and deserializers for types ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-09-27|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, Denny introduces a discussion about how to make types easier to use, by discussing serializers and deserializers, and their role in Wikifunctions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:47, 29 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #129 is out: Arguments made easier ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-10-04|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the recent improvements that made it easy to reference arguments in functions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:58, 5 Ọktoba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #130 is out: Running on WebAssembly ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-10-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our decision of rewriting the evaluator encapsulation service, in order to make it run on [[:w:en:WebAssembly|WebAssembly]].

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:31, 27 Ọktoba 2023 (UTC)
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== Crosswiki spam ==

Dear colleague, I have found your name at the page of sysop requests though I cannot figure out if you were elected eventually or not. But as you seem to be esteemed member of ig.wiki community, you know better what to do. It's about the article [[Hacktivist Vanguard]] which seems to be the last remnants of massive crosswiki spam and as such is the subject for speedy deletion. I'd be grateful if you take necessary steps according to the rules and habits of your local wiki. The best, [[Ọbanife:Андрей Романенко|Андрей Романенко]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Андрей Романенко|ṅkátá]]) 19:51, 3 Novemba 2023 (UTC)

:Dear@[[Ọbanife:Андрей Романенко|Андрей Романенко]] thanks for bringing this to my notice. Yes, I'm a sysop on the Wiki. I'll do the needful. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 21:02, 3 Novemba 2023 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #131 is out: Python on WebAssembly; Improved Object selector; Next volunteer's corner ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-11-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our latest technical improvements on Wikifunctions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1699900200 November 13, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:16, 6 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #132 is out: Wikifunctions, the library of functions that anyone can use and edit ==

[[File:Anyone can edit Wikifunctions.png|center|alt=Wikifunctions can now be edited by anyone!|660x660px]]

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-11-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we finally announce that Wikifunctions is on general availability, and that functions can be run also by non-logged in users!

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1699900200 November 13, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:50, 10 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #133 is out: What types next? ==

There is [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-11-16|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss which new types of functions should we support and the latest changes to the software.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:10, 18 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #134 is out: Welcome, Grace and Miguel! Appointing Functioneers now by community ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-11-30|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present two new members of the team, we discuss the latest changes in software, and we announce that Functioneer right will be now assigned by the community.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1701714600 December 4, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:01, 1 Disemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #135 is out: Announcing Wikifunctions on the Wikimedia Foundation blog. Looking for feedback on the Function page proposal ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-12-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/12/05/introducing-wikifunctions-first-wikimedia-project-to-launch-in-a-decade-creates-new-forms-of-knowledge/ the latest blogpost] about us on WMF blog, and we invite you to share your feedback at the [[:f:Wikifunctions:Project chat#Function page proposal: looking for feedback|Wikifunctions' Project chat]] on the new proposed designs for the Function page.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 19:06, 7 Disemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #136 is out: Looking back at 2023 ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2023-12-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we look back at all the accomplishments that we achieved in 2023 and we thank you all for your help in achieving them. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

This will be the last newsletter for 2023, so see you again in 2024!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:49, 15 Disemba 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-seventh newsletter, a sort of year-in-review for 2023.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

Dear Wikimedians for Sustainable Development,

As we bid farewell to 2023, we reflect on a year that has been an uneven year for our user group. While the journey has been marked by some truly inspiring events, most of our efforts have been largely uncoordinated and the user group hasn't been the support it could have been. Yet, there's a glimmer of hope and a world of potential for 2024.

'''Highlights of 2023:'''

;Newsletters Galore: We kicked off the year with zeal, sharing updates and inspiration through four newsletters. The number of things happening in the movement is astounding, but we need to rethink the format of the newsletter going into the next year.

;Growing Strong: The Wikimedians for Sustainable Development family welcomed 33 new members in 2023. Your passion and dedication continue to inspire us, and we look forward to nurturing this community spirit in the year ahead.

;Wikimania Talks: Our voices echoed far and wide at Wikimania, where several members of our community took the virtual stage to share insights and ideas about everything from Wikipedians-in-Residence's to open data. Your contributions showcased our commitment to sustainable development on a global scale.

;Content Creation Magic: Throughout the year, our extended community demonstrated incredible dedication to expanding the knowledge base on Wikipedia. Countless hours were spent creating and curating content that aligns with our mission, contributing to a more sustainable digital ecosystem.

;Campaigning hard: We saw a large variety of campaigns, from writing challenges to editathons. The willingness to experiment with new formats and partners, as well as learning from past efforts, shows great promise for the future.

'''Acknowledging Challenges:'''

While we celebrate these achievements, we acknowledge that 2023 presented its fair share of challenges. A lack of global coordination reminded us that the road to sustainable development is not always linear. However, it is precisely these challenges that fuel our determination to work together more cohesively in the coming year and proof that the user group is needed.

'''Hopeful Anticipation for 2024:'''

As we turn the page to 2024, let's carry forward the lessons learned and the successes celebrated. We are optimistic that, with renewed energy and a collective commitment, we will overcome obstacles and create an even more impactful and connected Wikimedians for Sustainable Development community.

Here's to a year of collaboration, growth, and making a lasting impact on the world through our shared passion for sustainability. Together, we can turn challenges into opportunities and pave the way for a brighter future.

Wishing you all a joyous holiday season and a Happy New Year!

Warm regards,
[[m:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]], [[m:User:Daniel Mietchen|User:Daniel Mietchen]]

PS. We have started writing [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|our yearly report]], please add your activities to it.

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #137 is out: Introducing our first new type: Lists ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2024-01-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce our newest and much requested type of function, list. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1704738600 January 8, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:37, 5 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #138 is out: The Joy of Collaboration; Introducing the Function of the Week: reverse string ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2024-01-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you an essay from Denny and we introduce a new section of the newsletter, dedicated to the &quot;function of the week&quot;. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

We also wanted to note that we are in the process of moving the Updates from Meta to Wikifunctions. We'll keep you updated about it.

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:27, 12 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #139 is out: Refreshing the Function page; Function of the Week: ROT13 ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2024-01-17|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce a redesign and rewrite of the Function page and we present our first &quot;function of the week&quot;. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:05, 19 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #140 is out: Getting debug information from code; Function of the Week: Wrap string ==

There is [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates/2024-01-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss debugging in implementations and we present our new &quot;function of the week&quot;. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:54, 26 Jenụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #141 is out: The Igbo Imperative! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-01|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we focus on language functions in Igbo, a language spoken by more than 44 million people in South-Eastern Nigeria. Also, we take a look at the latest software developments.

Starting from this issue, the status updates will be hosted on Wikifunctions, instead of Meta. One more step towards maturation of the project!

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|our archive (on Meta)]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1707157800 February 5, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:14, 2 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-eighth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* We have submitted our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|2023 annual report]].
* Upcoming meeting: on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|9 February]], we'll have a call about roles and responsibilities in the user group. This is an attempt to make more opportunities to engage more of the user groups members in its activities. If you want to help out in some way, but don't know how, this is a meeting for you to get help creating that opportunity. If you know how you would like to help, but don't know how to get started, this is also the meeting for you.

; Other news
* New Wikiproject for Climate Change on Basque Wikipedia: [[:eu:Wikiproiektu:Klima aldaketa|Wikiproiektu Klima Aldaketa]]
* Climate Justice, Digital Rights and Indigenous Voices international Wikimedia event in Huaraz, Peru 2024: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDIuZQ61v35y3Q293ZV9YjNWOHsgwvq3t2XjP2cQ0OHG-EPA/viewform Engagement Survey] (closes 2 Feb)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #142 is out: Quarterly planning. Thank you, Nick! Function of the Week: is permutation ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss about the results of our last internal planning meeting, whose objective was to define what we will work on in this quarter. Also, we take a look at the latest changes in the team and the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive on Wikifunctions]] and [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|also on Meta]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:22, 8 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Assuranc29|Assuranc29]] (16:16, 14 Febụwarị 2024) ==

Please what it all about --[[Ọbanife:Assuranc29|Assuranc29]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Assuranc29|ṅkátá]]) 16:16, 14 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #143 is out: Fix-it week ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-14|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we take a look at the latest software developments, after our monthly &quot;fix-it week&quot;, where we work on technical debt and other issues that pile up in our daily work.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive on Wikifunctions]] and [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Updates|also on Meta]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:19, 16 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #144 is out: Updating the function model ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-22|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present the new documentation about our [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Function model|function model]] and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:55, 23 Febụwarị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #145 is out: Type proposal for natural numbers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-02-28|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our progresses with the new natural numbers type, we talk about events we are taking part to, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1709577000 March 4, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:40, 1 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #146 is out: Introducing our second new type: Natural numbers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-03-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the launch of the new natural numbers type, we talk about events we are taking part to, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:58, 8 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-ninth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* On 9 February, we had a user group meeting on roles and responsibilities ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240209|minutes]])
* Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 17 March]]

; Other news
* Wiki Loves Earth: Reminder that if you want to [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2024/Organise|organize a local competition]], it is time to get started. (SDG 15 and 14)
* Wiki for Human Rights: Reminder that if you would like to [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|organize a local event]], there is support available. (SDG 10) 
* Study: [https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/650852934/Meier_Wiki_Climate.pdf Using Wikipedia Pageview Data to Investigate Public Interest in Climate Change at a Global Scale] (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #147 is out: On identity ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-03-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the notion of identity and present our latest document about [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Representing identity|how we represent it]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:27, 14 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #148 is out: On the way to internationalizing numbers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-03-21|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our progresses with the implementation of renderers and parsers for natural numbers, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:11, 22 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #149 is out: Creating tests is now much easier! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-03-28|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our progresses with tests and how it is easier to make them, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:22, 29 Maachị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #150 is out: Product Update on Diff and Upcoming API Improvements ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-04-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/03/27/wikifunctions-where-we-are-now-and-what-you-can-do/ our latest blog post on Diff], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1712615400 April 8, at 22:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:23, 4 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #151 is out: New API for calling Wikifunctions and celebrating 1000 functions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-04-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the new API for calling Wikifunctions, we celebrate our first 1,000 functions, and we take a look at the latest software developments. Also, there's [https://boards.greenhouse.io/wikimedia/jobs/5850672 a job opening] for joining our team!

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:57, 12 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #152 is out: Welcome, Sharvani! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-04-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we welcome a new member of the team and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 22 Eprel 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Henny17|Henny17]] (00:01, 26 Eprel 2024) ==

Hello
I want to start editing --[[Ọbanife:Henny17|Henny17]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Henny17|ṅkátá]]) 00:01, 26 Eprel 2024 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Ọbanife:Henny17|Henny17]]! Are you in the community WhatsApp group? That's where must editing sessions and training are announced. You can also join the Igbo community hubs around your area. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 06:38, 26 Eprel 2024 (UTC)

== Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]]!

Aha mụ bụ [[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|Uzoma Ozurumba]], ana mụ arụrụ ndi WMF orụ. Biko, onwe ozi ndi WMF Language team zitere ndi Igbo Wikimedians nọ na [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako|igwe nkata Wikipedia]].

Ebe ibu otu onye nime ndi na atughari edemede na Igbo Wikipedia, ọ ga amasi anyi ma [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako#Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia|igụọ ozi anyi]] gbasara mgbanwe ndi otu [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] chọrọ ime na igwe ntughari okwu nke nọ na Igbo Wikipedia, ma gwa anyi ebumunobi gi maka ya.

Daalụ sọ maka ọru gi nile na ikwado ọmumu ihe na asụsụ Igbo.

[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 20:17, 30 Eprel 2024 (UTC)

:Ndewo@[[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]. Daalụ maka ozi a i zitere. A gụrụ m ozi ahụ ma tinye kwa ebumunobi  [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako#Making Google translate the default machine translation support in Igbo Wikipedia|ebe a]]. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 07:34, 1 Mee 2024 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtieth newsletter covering March and April 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 19 May]]

; Other news
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-03-29/Recent_research#Other_recent_publications|Wikipedia Signpost highlighted five papers about climate change editing]]. (SDG 13)
* On Wikidata, [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|a model for documenting green house gas emissions]] has been created. (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/EPA_Victoria_WiR_April_2024_Update An update] from the Wikipedian in Residence at the  Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia.
* WikiAcción Perú organized a training session: &quot;[[m:Volunteer Supporters Network/VSN Training: Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement|Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement]]&quot; (SDG 13)
* WikiForHumanRights organized a session: &quot;[[m:Event:Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage|Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage]]&quot;

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, starts in May. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [[m:Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region|Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region]] starts in May.  (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #153 is out: Team meeting and Quarterly plan ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the results of our team meeting held in San Francisco, USA, as well as presenting the objectives that we will pursue in the next months.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]]  ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:57, 4 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteer's Corner is on May 6 ==

We remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1715016600 May 6, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Apologies for the reaching out to you with a separate message.

See you at the meeting! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:12, 4 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #154 is out: Flagship type for enumerations: Months of the Gregorian calendar ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-10|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our first proposal for a new type for enumerations and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:22, 13 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #155 is out: Call for Functions: Spell out the number! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we call on you to help us doing new language functions about numbers and we also take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:01, 16 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #156 is out: New type - Gregorian calendar months ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-22|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce our initial enumeration Type, Gregorian calendar months, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]].

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:18, 23 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #157 is out: A single singular or a plurality of plurals? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-05-30|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the various implications of linguistic functions about singulars and plurals, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1717435800 June 3, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:17, 31 Mee 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtyfirst newsletter, covering May 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]], 16 June
* [[m:Talk:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development#Mini_report_from_the_Wikimedia_Summit_2024|Mini report from the Wikimedia Summit 2024]]
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/jan-ainali-wikimedians-for-sustainable-development-wikimedia-summit-2024-265/ User group representative interviewed by Wikipediapodden] at Wikimedia Summit ([[:File:WP265 - Jan Ainali, Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, Wikimedia Summit 2024.mp3|commons]])
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240519|Minutes from user group meeting in May]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/05/02/reflecting-_women-for-sustainability-africa-arts-feminism-her-voice-campaign-2023/ Reflecting _Women For Sustainability Africa Arts + Feminism #Her Voice Campaign 2023]
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report: Climate change and GLAM]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library April monthly highlights]] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00166-y WikiProject Biodiversity featured in Nature Africa] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFWS7hfetZk Wikimedia UK releases a video about their climate focus] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, continues in some countries. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #158 is out: New Type: Sign ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-06-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a new enumeration type, Sign, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

We are also looking for feedback for our next new types. See [[:f:Wikifunctions:Project chat#Testing two new types|the announcement at the Project Chat]] for more information.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:59, 7 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Igbo Wikipedia ==

Ndewo Nwa-ada @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]],

Imere otu ole? Enwerem olileanya na ahụ di gi nma.

Biko, onwe ozi ndi WMF Language team zitere ndi otu Igbo Wikipedia maka ngwa ọrụ ha chọrọ itineyere anyi. Ọ ga-amasi anyi ma igụọ ihe gbasara [[Wikipedia:Nzọr ogbako#Plans to enable MinT for Wiki readers in Igbo Wikipedia|'''ozi a''']], ma testia ngwa a, ma zaghachi anyi ebunuche gi gbasara itinye ngwa ọrụ a nke a na akpọ &quot;MinT for Wiki Readers&quot; na ịgbo Wiki.

Inwekwara ike ime ka ndi otu Igbo Wikipedia ndi ọzọ mata maka ozi a ma gwa anyi uche ha igwe ozi.

Daalụ sọ! [[Ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:UOzurumba (WMF)|ṅkátá]]) 23:57, 10 Jụn 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #159 is out: New Type: Igbo calendar months ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-06-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a new enumeration type, this time for the thirteen months of the [[:en:Igbo calendar|Igbo calendar]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:21, 14 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #160 is out: New Type: Integers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-06-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we are happy to announce that we introduced another new type, [[:f:Z16683|integers]], that will increase our coverage of mathematical functions. Moreover, we take a look at the (many!) software developments we introduced in the last week.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:07, 21 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Kwinkate|Kwinkate]] (21:51, 21 Jụn 2024) ==

Hello --[[Ọbanife:Kwinkate|Kwinkate]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Kwinkate|ṅkátá]]) 21:51, 21 Jụn 2024 (UTC)

:Hello [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 04:02, 22 Jụn 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #161 is out: Welcome, Daphne! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-06-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we welcome a new member of the team, we ask for feedback about [[:f:Wikifunctions:Design/About widget improvements|our &quot;About&quot; widget designs]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1719855000 July 1, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:20, 27 Jụn 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtysecond newsletter, covering June 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Movement Charter Vote|User group vote on the adoption of the Movement Charter]] (closes 7 July 23.59 UTC)
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming user group meeting]] 21 July
* User group meeting held in June - [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240616|minutes]]
* The group was featured in the latest WikiAfrica Hour: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6VI20qopk #36: Does the Wikimedia movement contribute to the SDGs?]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/stories-from-the-anti-disinformation-repository-how-wikiproject-covid-19-and-other-wikimedia-initiatives-counter-health-disinformation/ Stories from the anti-disinformation repository: How WikiProject COVID-19 and other Wikimedia initiatives counter health disinformation] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Environment_Centre_NT_Wikipedian_in_Residence Environment Centre Northern Territory Wikipedian in Residence] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.gp.se/debatt/med-ai-kan-vi-oka-transparensen-om-foretagens-klimatavtryck.2dd4e006-57e3-4534-a0be-70ca56a289e4 With AI can we increase transparency of companies' carbon footprints] (in Swedish). Op-ed that mentions that the greenhouse gas emissions of the top 150 companies on the Stockholm stock exchange has been uploaded to Wikidata. The model is documented on [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|WikiProject Climate Change on Wikidata]]. (SDG 13)
* [[wmfblog:2024/06/25/another-year-in-review-where-is-wikimedia-in-the-climate-crisis-seeing-the-impact-of-wikimedia-projects/|Another Year in Review: Where is Wikimedia in the Climate Crisis? Seeing the impact of Wikimedia Projects]] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/06/24/46-scholars-self-advocates-bring-knowledge-to-wikipedias-disability-healthcare-content/ 46 scholars, self-advocates bring knowledge to Wikipedia’s disability healthcare content] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:Wikimedia klimatpåverkansrapport 2023.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige publishes their 2023 climate impact report]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)
* WikiProject Govdirectory has started [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Weekly collaboration|weekly collaboration on countries]] (SDG 16)

; Events
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/wikimedia-chapters-and-groups-organise-the-first-sharks-and-rays-wikimarathon/ Wikimedia chapters and groups organise the first Sharks and Rays Wikimarathon] (29 June, but edits in the weeks after are welcome) (SDG 14)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #162 is out: Quarterly planning ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-07-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present our objectives and lines of work for this quarter, we remember to give your feedback about [[:f:Wikifunctions:Design/About widget improvements|our &quot;About&quot; widget designs]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1720459800 July 8, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:59, 5 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #163 is out: Type proposals for accessing Lexemes ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-07-10|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our current draft about Type proposals for accessing Lexemes, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:21, 12 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== First meet ==

Nnọọ @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]], I came from English WP, and I am a bit interested with languages, since I am a seminarian, and often speak little Igbo. I presume many of our editors are on the English based. I will want you to keep good eye here since I will try creating, revamping, and tagging for deletion also. Asirim ka m gwa gi. It is also part of my learning to advance in it. [[Ọbanife:SafariScribe|SafariScribe]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:SafariScribe|ṅkátá]]) 14:30, 15 Julaị 2024 (UTC)

:Ndewo @[[Ọbanife:SafariScribe|SafariScribe]]! It's really great to have you here.👍🏽 I see your works on the English Wikipedia, way to go! I started with the English Wikipedia, then moved to Igbo when I discovered it was available. Though I still edit the English Wikipedia sometimes...You are welcome and if you need assistance or anything you think I can help out with, please feel free to let me know. Obi dị m ụtọ na ị bịara ịnọnyere anyị, nnọọ! [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 03:00, 16 Julaị 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #164 is out: Research report on integrating Wikifunctions from Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-07-18|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you the results of a research about how to integrate Wikifunctions and Wikipedia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:33, 19 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #165 is out: Wikimania 2024 coming soon! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-07-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our upcoming Wikifunctions events at Wikimania 2024, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:13, 29 Julaị 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty third newsletter, covering July 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 10, 13, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting held in July, [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240721|minutes]]
* Next user group meeting will be 18 August

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Climate change editahon and workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/wikiforhumanrights-in-nigeria-2024-campaign-virtual-launch/ WikiForHumanRights in Nigeria 2024 Campaign Virtual Launch]  (SDG 10&amp;16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/what-we-learned-from-wiki-women-in-red-8-campaign-2023-women-for-sustainability-africa/ What we Learned from Wiki Women In Red @8 Campaign 2023 Women for Sustainability Africa] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/ghanaian-wikipedians-set-to-educate-students-on-open-climate/ Ghanaian Wikipedians set to educate students on Open Climate] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/23/using-wikipedia-as-a-tool-for-climate-action/ Using Wikipedia as a Tool for Climate Action] (SDG 13)

; Events
* 5th August,  [[m:Event:Wiki-Green_Conference_2024  Wiki-Green Conference]] (SDG 13)
* 7-10 August, Wikimania - [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|All SDG related sessions]] 
* 7-9 November, [https://wikimedia.org.ar/2024/07/03/justicia-climatica-voces-indigenas-y-plataformas-wikimedia/ Justicia climática, voces indígenas y plataformas Wikimedia] (SDG 13)

; Participate
* Share an example of a successful [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|WikiProject or topical collaboration]] in this on-wiki survey

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #169 is out: Limits on Name and Description Lengths ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-08-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the introduction of more stringent limits on the length of object names, input names, and descriptions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]! You might be interested in the [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-08-02|launch of our &quot;About&quot; widget]], a [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-08-16|summary of our experience at Wikimania 2024]], or the [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-08-23|refinement of WasmEdge]].

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1725298200 September 2, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:04, 30 Ọgọọst 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 11, 15, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20240915|Next user group meeting]], 15 September, will be focused on starting to develop a strategy for the group. If you cannot attend, you can leave your input on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030/Ideas|the ideas page]].
* User group meeting held in August ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240818|minutes]])

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|Report from WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Meeting for Writing on Femenist Strikes and Wiki for Peace Camp St. Imier]] (SDG 5 &amp; 16)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]] (SDG 15)
* Wikimania had a lot of [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|SDG related sessions]] and you can watch them back now 

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2024|Wiki Loves Monuments]] starts in September (SDG 11)

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== Pages nominated for deletion ==

Hello @[[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] this are the pages with no information on Igbo wikipedia I told you about. Please help me delete them.

1 [[Innocent Anyanwu]]

2 [[Ikedi Ohakim]]

3 [[Iheanyi Uwaezuoke]]

4 [[Ifunanyachi Achara]]

5[[Ibezito Ogbonna|I bezito Ogbonna]]

6 [[Holmes Onwukaife]]

7 [[Henry Nwawuba]]

8 [[Francis Okaroh]]

9 [[Francis Arinze]]

10 [[Ezenwa Otorogu]]

11 [[Eric Obinna Chukwunyelu]]

12 [[Ephraim Ikeakor]]

13 [[Emmanuel Okala]]

14 [[Emmanuel Ekwueme]]

15 [[Edwin Ume-Ezeoke]]

16 [[Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi]]

17 [[Clarion Chukwura]]

18 [[Chukwuemeka Chikelu]]

19 [[Chima Anyaso]]

20 [[Chikelue Iloenyosi]]

21 [[Chijioke Ejiogu]]

22 [[Charles Chukwuma Soludo]]

23 [[Cedric Ogbuehi]]

24 [[Bruno Ibeh]]

25 [[Bonaventure Enemali]]

26 [[Augustine Nwagwu]]

27 [[Augustine Aniebo]]

28 [[Anyika Onuora]]

29 [[Jude Aneke]]

30 [[Kennedy Ihenacho]]

31 [[Kelvin Ebuka Nwamora]]

32 [[Kenechuhwu Uchenwa]]

33 [[Kennedy Nzechukwu]]

34 [[Kingsley Chibueze Onyeukwu]][[Ihü kárírí:PermaLink/186940|2]]

35 [[Louis Okoye]][[Ihü kárírí:PermaLink/186939|2]]

36 [[Maxwell Anikwenwa]][[Ihü kárírí:PermaLink/186938|2]]

37 [[Victoria Ohuruogu]]

38 [[Valerian Ume-Ezeoke]]

39 [[Obinna Nwaneri]]

40 [[Ugonna Ozurigbo]]

41 [[Ugonna Anyora]]

42 [[Uchechukwu N. Maduako]]

43 [[Steve Eboh]]

44 [[Rolland Ezuruike]]

45 [[Philomena Obiageliuwa Uyanwah]]

46 [[Obinna Eregbu]]

47 [[Osita Henry Chikere]]

48 [[Okwesilieze Nwodo]]

49 [[Okey Uzoeshi]]

50 [[Sikiratu Sindodo]]

51 [[Abba Moro]]

52 [[Ramatu Tijani Aliyu]] [[Ọbanife:Ogalihillary|Ogalihillary]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Ogalihillary|ṅkátá]]) 13:04, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC)

:Thanks @[[Ọbanife:Ogalihillary|Ogalihillary]] thanks for this notification. I'll do the needful. [[Ọbanife:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 16:08, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #171 is out: Dagbani Wikipedia will be our first wiki for Wikifunctions integration ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-09-13|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce Dagbani Wikipedia as our first wiki for Wikifunctions integration, discuss the recent stability challenges we've had in the past few days, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:51, 13 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #172 is out: Introducing focus topic areas ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-09-20|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce focus topic areas for generating natural language texts and we update you on last week's site incident.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:30, 21 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #173 is out: Quarterly planning for October–December 2024 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-09-26|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we give you an overview of what we will focus on in the next three months, we discuss our presentation at [[:m:Celtic Knot Conference 2024|Celtic Knot conference 2024]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:42, 26 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240915|User group meeting held in September on strategy for the group]]

; Other news
* [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024/Submissions/Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region|Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region]], presentation at CEE meeting. ([https://www.youtube.com/live/iB3KNFtA4xI?t=6739 YouTube])
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/09/30/all-about-wiki-green-conference-2024/ All About Wiki-Green Conference 2024] (SDG 13)

; Events
* Course: [https://wikiedu.org/courses/global-approaches-to-climate-finance-4/ Global Approaches to Climate Finance] by WikiEdu (SDG 13)

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:26, 1 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt; •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #174 is out: Focus topic: food ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss one of our next topics we will focus on for our work: food. We hope you have a good appetite for discussion. :)

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1728322200 October 7, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:42, 4 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #175 is out: Wikidata Lexemes in Wikifunctions are coming soon ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present a preview of our planned support for Wikidata lexemes in Wikifunctions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:54, 11 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #176 is out: What could abstract content look like? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present some thoughts by [[User:Mahir256]] about how abstract content could look like in the future, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:12, 17 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] (23:51, 17 Ọktoba 2024) ==

How can I be promoted to administrative level here? --[[Ọbanife:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Goodymaraj|ṅkátá]]) 23:51, 17 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #177 is out: Our goal for this Quarter: Agreement ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss our goal of building up phrases from Lexemes using linguistic agreement, i.e. accordance to number and gender when constructing a phrase.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:32, 25 Ọktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming meeting]], 24 November, 17.00 UTC

; Other news
* Talk at WikiIndaba: [[m:WikiIndaba 2024/Proposal/Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region|Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/17/championing-inclusion-in-the-wikimedia-movement-africa-wiki-women-presentation-at-the-wiki-niger-conference/ Championing Inclusion in the Wikimedia Movement: Africa Wiki Women Presentation at the Wiki Niger Conference] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/25/mountains-birds-and-lakes-wiki-loves-earth-2024-central-asia-edition/ Mountains, Birds and Lakes: Wiki Loves Earth 2024 – Central Asia Edition] (SDG 15)

; Events
* November 6, 12 and 21: [https://universityofexeter.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJAkdeqrrzMoGdEeMYlR6q0A7QMHwwwM2VIZ#/registration Climate Change &amp; Health in the UK - Wikipedia workshop] (SDG 3 and 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #178 is out: Rewriting the backend ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-01|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss how the team is working hard to rewrite Wikifunctions' backend, to overcome some of the limits we encountered with the current language.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1730745000 November 4, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:19, 2 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #179 is out: The dream of a Universal Language ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we talk about several presentation in and around the topics of languages and our work, we discuss the current refactoring of our functions catalogue and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 22:50, 7 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #180 is out: New type: Rational numbers ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you our newest Type, [[:f:Z19677|rational numbers]], as well as the new renderer and parser for natural numbers, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:40, 14 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== We need your help with Igbo Wikipedia Main Page ==

Ndewo Goody,
Biko nyere anyi aka, mmadu mebisiri ihu mbu Igbo Wikipedia. A na m acho ka mweghachi ya mana okweghi. Biko nyere anyi aka. [[Ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 13:38, 19 Novemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #181 is out: New special page for missing labels, new type for Gregorian years, and much more ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-21|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a new special page for objects with a missing label, we present two new types (Gregorian year and Wikidata statement rank), we showcase several contributions made by you volunteers, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:23, 22 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #182 is out: WordGraph release; New Special page: list functions by tests; new type for day of the year, and much more ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-11-27|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the implications of the release of Google Zurich's WordGraph dataset, we introduce a new special page, support for other Wikidata statements and a new type (day of Roman year), and finally we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:03, 28 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 8, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting, 24 November ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241124|minutes]])
* We are working on our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]], please add activities that you would like to work on.

; Other news
* [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 8 (November 2024)|CEE Catch up Nr. 8 with a sustainability theme]]
* [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia|Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/New_Zealand_report#nz-edit|Report from New Zealand Species Edit-a-thons]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/Macedonia_report#vvc|Report from climate change editing workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2024/Contents/Croatia_report|DeGrowth in November with students, artists and academics in Croatia]] (SDG 8&amp;12)
* The new [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#November_2024:_Production_deployment_and_security_review_complete|Charts extension has been enabled on Wikimedia Commons]]. It's time to start bringing all your local sustainability related charts over there! (SDG 17)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers|Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia|Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia]] (SDG 13)
* Just started: [[m:Event:African Legislators in Red|African Legislators in Red]] (SDG 16)

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== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers' Corner will be on December 9 ==

Hi, we remind you that, if you have questions or ideas to discuss about Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia, you can participate to the next '''Volunteers' Corner''', that will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1733758200 December 9, at 15:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

We hope to see you there! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:46, 6 Disemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] (18:38, 13 Disemba 2024) ==

Hi, Olugold

I have added Wikipedia pages for quick deletion. I hope to delete them as soon as possible and activate the deletion template on them, but they delete them over and over again. Thanks Olugold --[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|ṅkátá]]) 18:38, 13 Disemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #183 is out: Sketching a path to Abstract Wikipedia; Team offsite in Lisbon; and much more ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-12-12|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss how natural language generation for Abstract Wikipedia might develop, and we share news on tools and types on Wikifunctions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:52, 16 Disemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #184 is out: Function of the Week: age; Intros for year articles; New Type: Floating-point number ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-12-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In the last issue for 2024, we discuss functions to create introductions for articles about years, we showcase one of the 23 functions with the Gregorian year type, we introduce a new type, and finally we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 22:06, 19 Disemba 2024 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Ahmedborar673|Ahmedborar673]] on [[Basil Raslan]] (22:11, 26 Disemba 2024) ==

Basil Raslan --[[Ojiarụ:Ahmedborar673|Ahmedborar673]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Ahmedborar673|ṅkátá]]) 22:11, 26 Disemba 2024 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241229|minutes]])
* We have adopted an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]]!

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_hWBwaQxaw Lightning talk by Adam Harangzo - National Institute for Health and Care Research on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/11/top-photos-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2024%f0%9f%a4%9d/ Top photos of the special nomination “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2024!] (SDG 10&amp;15)
* [https://www.wikimedia.nz/nz-species-editathon-recap/ Two days, 15 editors, 750 edits] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/28/a-peekaboo-into-our-butterflying-trip-from-the-amazon-of-the-east/ A Peekaboo Into Our Butterflying Trip from the Amazon of the East] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/12/27/brooklyn-college-students-bring-ecology-course-content-to-wikipedia/ Brooklyn College students bring ecology course content to Wikipedia] (SDG 13&amp;15
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09636625241268890 Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on WikipediaDeclaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)

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== Would you join our editorial board? ==

Hi @[[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]], how are you doing? Would you join our community editorial board? This helps to record a resounding outcome. Thanks for your consideration.

[[Ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory|Onwuka Glory]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory|ṅkátá]]) 16:22, 2 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)

== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers' Corner will be on January 13 ==

Hi, we remind you that, if you have questions or ideas to discuss about Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia, you can participate to the next Volunteers' Corner, that will be held on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1736793000 January 13, at 18:30 UTC] ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

We hope to see you there! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:44, 10 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #185 is out: Happy Wikipedia day! Quarterly planning ==

The [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-01-15|first update of 2025]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions is out. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present our plan for the upcoming quarter (January-March 2025), we suggest changes to our &quot;Function of the week&quot; section, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:34, 17 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #186 is out: Welcome, David! Naming conventions recommendations ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-01-22|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we welcome a new member of the team, we introduce our current discussion on naming conventions recommendations, we introduce a new section dedicated to the newest functions created, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:36, 23 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #187 is out: With 2000 Functions into the new year: time for stats ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-01-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present some statistics about where we are as a project, we give some updates about our Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1738607400 February 3, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:05, 30 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 11, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250223|User group meeting 23 February]]
* User group meeting in January ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250119|minutes]]).
* The user group submitted an annual report in the new [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy/Implementation/Affiliate health criteria/Reports/2024/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|affiliate health criteria format]], and as an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2024|activity report]].
* The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030|2030 strategy]] for the user group was adopted.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/06/swiss-server-helped-optimise-wikidata-in-the-field-of-medicine/ Swiss server helped optimise Wikidata in the field of medicine] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/08/photographers-from-turkiye-tell-the-story-of-award-wining-photos-in-wiki-loves-earth-2024/ Photographers from Türkiye tell the story of award wining photos in Wiki Loves Earth 2024] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZnAp7oovlg OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Disaster Times - CEE Meeting 2024 Istanbul] (SDG 11)

; Events
* 1-28 February: [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5DC7IKHKGBEE5KOD4PY2XNKT55EA6LW4/|Wiki Loves Africa: Climate &amp; Weather ISA campaign]] (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #188 is out: Invitation to the Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-02-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present a proposal to restructure our Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group (NLG SIG) meeting, we announce the creation of a new type, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:17, 6 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #189 is out: Restricting the World, redux ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-02-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we have an essay from Denny, we discuss the fix to the Byte Type, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #190 is out: A proposal for types per language and part of speech ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-02-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present a proposal for types to represent a part of speech in a language, we present some events that we have taken part to (or we are taking part to), and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:50, 20 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;We would like to hear about your experiences with Temporary Accounts&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]]
'''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo This survey should take no longer than 5 minutes to complete.]'''

The Trust &amp; Safety Product team recently made [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] available on 12 wikis. There are plans to expand this to a larger set of wikis in the coming weeks and months and then proceed with a complete deployment later this year. Your participation in this survey will be immensely valuable in helping us understand how well Temporary Accounts are working and what we can improve on going forward.

The privacy policy for this survey may be [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|viewed at this link]]. By completing this survey, you agree to the terms set forward in the privacy policy.

Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #191 is out: From things to words ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-02-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the deployment of the possibility of getting the right Lexeme given a Wikidata Item, we discuss the newest updates about Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1741026600 March 3, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fortieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in February ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250223|minutes]]).

; Other news
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2025/Organise|Time to get ready to organize Wiki Loves Earth]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/02/05/women-of-the-future-international-womens-day-2025/ ‘Women of the Future’ – International Women’s Day 2025] (SDG 5)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/02/17/the-experts-behind-the-edits-expanding-public-understanding-of-healthcare/ The Experts Behind the Edits: Expanding public understanding of healthcare] (SDG 3)
* [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise and Ecosia Partner to Drive Sustainable Search Innovation] (SDG 13)
* A [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Policies|subproject to WikiProject Climate Change about Climate Change Policies]] has just started on Wikidata (SDG 13)

; Events
* 1 March: [[m:Event:Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire|Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire]] (SDG 8)
* 7 March [[m:Event:Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025|Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025]] (SDG 16)
* 8 March–1 April: [[m:Event:Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025|Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025]] (SDG 5)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #192 is out: Recent Changes in the software, Recording of Volunteer’s Corner, and talks in London ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-03-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present two talks that will feature Denny as a speaker and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:12, 7 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #193 is out: Upcoming NLG meeting, Recent Changes in the software ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-03-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we invite you to the next [[:f:Wikifunctions:NLG SIG|NLG SIG Meeting]], that will take place [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1739894400 on Tuesday March 18 at 16 UTC], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:39, 15 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #194 is out: Wikidata-based simple enumerations ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-03-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a discussion about a new kind of enumeration type, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:06, 21 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #195 is out: It’s about time ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-03-28|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a discussion about how to support the creation of a type for time that is compatible with Wikidata, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:25, 28 Maachị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13, 15 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/03/27/organise-your-local-wiki-loves-earth-in-2025/ Organise your local Wiki Loves Earth in 2025!] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar ID|Wikidata property proposal for the Climate Policy Radar]] (SDG 13)
* [https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/85640/NKB_Debatt_Wikipedia.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Biologists encourage other biologists to edit Wikipedia] (in Swedish) (SDG 15)
* A [[c:File:Langzeitkooperationen zwischen Museen und dem Wikipedia-Universum.pdf|presentation on long-term collaborations between museums and the Wikimedia universe]] was given on March 10 at a [https://www.kiekeberg-museum.de/fileadmin/user_upload/3_4_1_Tagungen/geplante_tagungen/Programm_Tagung_Mittwochs_ist_Museumstag_-_Langzeitkooperationen_im_Museum_10-11.3.2025_FLMK3.pdf symposium on long-term collaborations with museums in Germany](SDG 17)
* A [[c:File:Gemeinsam mehr erreichen Freies Wissen als Grundlage der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wikimedia und anderen Ehrenamtsinitiativen.pdf|presentation on existing and potential collaborations between the Wikimedia community and other volunteer communities]] was given on March 29 at a [https://tdsummit.d-s-e-e.de/ national volunteering convention] in Germany (SDG 17)

; Events
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250420|Next user group meeting: 20 April]]

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #196 is out: Quarterly Planning for April–June 2025; We are looking for a Senior Product Manager ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-05|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present our work plan for the upcoming quarter (April-June 2025), we publish a new job opening for joining the team, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1744047000 April 7, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 6 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Riyad hossain 89|Riyad hossain 89]] (18:56, 9 Eprel 2025) ==

Riyad Hossain With over 05 years of experience in the field of journalism, Riyad Hossain heads the editorial operations of Mission Ki Awaaz as a Blogger. Lives from Bangladesh --[[Ojiarụ:Riyad hossain 89|Riyad hossain 89]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Riyad hossain 89|ṅkátá]]) 18:57, 9 Eprel 2025 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #197 is out: Quarter in review, and lots of material to watch ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we evaluate our work done for the recently closed quarter (January-March 2025), we present you a number of video and blogpost about us to watch and read, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also we remind you that the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1744732800 April 15, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:20, 11 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #198 is out: Wikifunctions integrated in Dagbani - and Wikifunctions; and the date of Easter ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-16|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that this week we switched on the ability to call Wikifunctions functions from within Dagbani Wikipedia (our first wiki to do so!), we discuss the functions related to calculating the dates of Easter, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:28, 17 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Question from [[User:Dr Ann Dangote|Dr Ann Dangote]] on [[Legrek Parond]] (07:00, 25 Eprel 2025) ==

do all articles have to be written in igbo or can the articles be written in English. --[[Ojiarụ:Dr Ann Dangote|Dr Ann Dangote]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Dr Ann Dangote|ṅkátá]]) 07:00, 25 Eprel 2025 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #199 is out: Welcome, Gregory! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present a new member of the team, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746466200 May 5, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:16, 28 Eprel 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #200 is out: Abstract Wikipedia is a MacArthur 100&amp;Change finalist ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-04-30|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that we reached the final stage of a grant competition, we introduce our next big conversation about where the content of Abstract Wikipedia will be located, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746466200 May 5, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:57, 1 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #201 is out: Abstract Wikipedia and the Wikimedia AI Strategy ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-05-09|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss how Abstract Wikipedia ties in with the newly announced WMF's strategy for AI, we talk about the Wikimedia Hackathon and our community meetings, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250420|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/09/zombie-ants-to-bioremediation-the-world-of-entomopathogenic-fungi/ Zombie ants to bioremediation: The world of entomopathogenic fungi] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/21/with-foundation-increases-support-to-expand-disability-healthcare-information-on-wikipedia/ WITH Foundation increases support to expand disability healthcare information on Wikipedia] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/04/04/women-and-health-project-improving-the-representation-of-womens-health-on-wikipedia/ Women and Health Project: Improving the representation of women’s health on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;5)

; Events
* May 19: [[m:Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025|Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025]] (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #202 is out: Location of Abstract Content ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-05-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we invite you to [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|a consultation]] about where should the content of Abstract Wikipedia be stored, we invite you to our next online presentation, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:56, 16 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #203 is out: Ongoing consultation about the Location for Abstract Content ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-05-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we invite you again to [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|a consultation]] about where should the content of Abstract Wikipedia be stored, we present some updates about existing and new types, we remind you of our next online presentation, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:54, 23 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #204 is out: Rolling out to five Wiktionaries; Calculating with today's date ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-05-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we talk about our latest deployment on five Wiktionaries, we showcase a couple of functions about dates, we remind you of ongoing discussions and upcoming presentations, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1748885400 June 2, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:38, 29 Mee 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #205 is out: Where will Abstract Content go? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-06-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we give you some updates on the discussion about where to store abstract content, we present you the recordings of our latest presentations and meetings, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:38, 9 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 10, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 22 June: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* Several papers presented at WikiWorkshop:
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_24.pdf EcoWikiRS: Using Species Descriptions in Wikipedia and Remote Sensing to Learn about the Ecological Properties of a Place] (SDG 15)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_6.pdf Data Extraction Methods for Analyzing Gender Bias on Wikipedia's Front Page]  (SDG 5)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_28.pdf Measuring Cross-Lingual Information Gaps in English Wikipedia: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_14.pdf Exploring Wikipedia community practices during the 2024 European Parliament election] (SDG 16)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_55.pdf Wikipedia as a Tool for Tracking Mass Migration Flows: Insights from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_65.pdf Regulations in Wikidata: The case of PFAS-related regulations] (SDG 3 &amp; 16)
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/minimal-viable-species-stub-315/ Podcast about the minimal viable species stub] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/05/media-literacy-and-responding-to-emergencies-and-disinformation/ Wikimedia UK and the Royal Society host workshop on information literacy and future health emergencies] (SDG 3)

; Events
* 16 June: [[w:en:Event:Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon|Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon]]

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #206 is out: Closing the consultation about the location of Abstract Content ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-06-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce the closing of the discussion about where to store abstract content, we remind you about our current discussions about types and our next [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:NLG_SIG|NLG SIG meeting]], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:56, 16 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #207 is out: Quarterly Planning for July–September 2025 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-06-21|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we outline our priorities for the next quarter (July–September 2025), we give you some updates related to our new types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #208 is out: How many people are needed to write an encyclopedia? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-06-27|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share a short essay from Denny about writing an encyclopedia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:38, 28 Jụn 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  6 July: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250706|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I8Nr_UamtM Biodiversidade na Wiki] (in Portuguese) (SDG 15)
* [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality] (SDG 5&amp;15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/20/rethinking-wiki-engagement-in-medical-research-insights-from-a-residency-at-nihr/ Rethinking Wiki engagement in medical research: insights from a residency at NIHR]  (SDG 3)

; Events
* 24 July: [https://mdi.georgetown.edu/events/guwikieditathonsummer2025/ Editing for Equity: Closing the Wikipedia Gender Gap] (SDG 5)
* 2 &amp; 9 August: [https://events.humanitix.com/nz-species-editathon-wellington New Zealand Species Edit-a-thon] (SDG 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #209 is out: Coverage of 1298 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-04|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share a short essay from Denny about how Wikipedias cover articles about years, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1751909400 July 7, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:39, 4 Julaị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #210 is out: Length limits on labels and descriptions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-10|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a measure to limit length of labels and descriptions, we show a video illustrating our work on front-end components, we share some news on new Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also we remind you that the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1752595200 July 15, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:46, 11 Julaị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #211 is out: Wikidata-based enumerations are here ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a new kind of Type (Wikidata-based enumerations), we remind you of our current sprint in fixing labels and descriptions that are too long, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:16, 19 Julaị 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #212 is out: “Wikipedia is an encyclopedia”; Two years of Wikifunctions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-26|the '''second anniversary update''']] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce our work on functions that generate sentences and fragments in several languages, we celebrate our second anniversary, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:33, 26 Julaị 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  6 July: User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250706|minutes]])
* We are trying to establish better governance for the user group and [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Draft by-laws|have some inspiration]] on which your comments are requested.

; Other news
* To promote sustainability and increase the visibility of the Sustainable Development Goals, the [[w:tr:Vikiproje:S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir_Kalk%C4%B1nma|&quot;Sustainable Development Wikiproject&quot; was launched on the Turkish Wikipedia]]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/11/wiki-loves-butterfly-community-led-contributions-in-dzongu-valley-north-sikkim-india/ Wiki Loves Butterfly: Community-Led Contributions in Dzongu Valley, North Sikkim, India] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/12/gender-climate-and-sustainability-my-journey-with-the-awa-fellowship-2025/ Gender, Climate and Sustainability: My Journey with the AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/amplifying-inclusion-and-climate-justice-through-open-knowledge-my-journey-as-a-fellow-under-awa-fellowship-2025/ Amplifying Inclusion and Climate Justice Through Open Knowledge: My Journey as a Fellow under AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/justice-through-open-knowledge-training-human-rights-advocate-to-document-human-rights-incident-with-wikipedia-and-wikimedia-commons/ Justice through Open Knowledge: Training Human Rights Advocate to Document Human Rights Incident with Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons] (SDG 10)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/16/wings-of-bengal-the-winners-of-wiki-loves-bangla-2025/ Wings of Bengal: The Winners of Wiki Loves Bangla 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://infomgnt.org/posts/2025-07-16-Connecting-Knowledge-with-Wikidata-a-practical-Project-with-the-Museum-fuer-Naturkunde-Berlin/ Connecting Knowledge with Wikidata: A Practical Project with the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/19/when-time-slows-down-documenting-butterflies-in-the-north-eastern-himalayas/ When Time Slows Down: Documenting Butterflies in the North Eastern Himalayas] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/wiki-loves-earth-celebrates-1000000-images-of-the-natural-heritage-worldwide/ Wiki Loves Earth celebrates 1,000,000 images of the natural heritage worldwide!] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/28/closing-content-gaps-highlights-from-my-july-as-an-awa-inclusion-and-climate-justice-fellow/ Closing Content Gaps: Highlights from my July as an AWA Inclusion and Climate Justice Fellow] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/01/thrilling-two-day-butterfly-expedition-in-central-odisha/ Thrilling Two-Day Butterfly Expedition in Central Odisha] (SDG 15)

; Events
* 6-9 August: Wikimania is coming up, and you can easily [[wikimania:2025:Registration|join remotely]]. Find [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|all sessions related to the Sustainable Development Goals]].

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== Question from [[User:Imborhope|Imborhope]] (16:31, 15 Ọgọọst 2025) ==

How do I write my perfect autobiography --[[Ojiarụ:Imborhope|Imborhope]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Imborhope|ṅkátá]]) 16:31, 15 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

:Writing an autobiography is not encouraged on Wikipedia. Learn more: [[en:Wikipedia:Autobiography|Wikipedia:Autobiography]]. If a person is notable, other editors will write a [[en:Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|biography]] about the person. -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 03:48, 16 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #215 is out: Accessing Wikidata items now possible from embedded function calls; Wikifunctions available on 65 Wikitionaries ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that it is now possible to access Wikidata items from embedded function calls, we also inform that Wikifunctions is now available on 60 more Wiktionaries, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:57, 29 Ọgọọst 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  21 September: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User Group Meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/07/when-butterflies-took-over-a-classroom/ When Butterflies Took Over a Classroom] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/13/a-walk-with-butterflies-that-healed-the-heart/ A Walk with Butterflies That Healed the Heart] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/21/wikimania-2025-information-integrity-on-climate-change-on-wikimedia-projects/ Wikimania 2025: Information Integrity on Climate Change on Wikimedia projects] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/botanical-perspective-of-wikitutuwuhan-project/ Botanical Perspective of WikiTutuwuhan Project] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Past, present and future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library] (SDG 15)
* [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|All SDG related sessions at Wikimania]]

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== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers’ Corner is tomorrow! ==

We remind you that our next '''Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers’ Corner''' will be '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1757352600 tomorrow, September 8, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Unless you have many questions, we will follow our usual agenda, giving updates on the upcoming plans and recent activities, having plenty of time and space for your questions, and building a Function together.

See you at the Corner! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:39, 7 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #216 is out: Copying function calls from one Wikipedia to another ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-07|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that it is now possible to use natural languages as a default value in embedded function calls, we discuss the latest news in Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:04, 8 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #217 is out: More than 3,000 functions on Wikifunctions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we celebrate reaching the milestone of 3,000 functions on Wikifunctions, we discuss our upcoming commitments in outreach, we share with you our latest blogpost, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:21, 12 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #218 is out: Wikifunctions available on 123 Wiktionary languages ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-19|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on the recent Wikifunctions deployment on Wiktionaries, we introduce our new page for requesting cleanups, we update you on what's new on Types, we remind you of the upcoming meetings, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also we remind you that the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758643200 September 23, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:26, 20 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #219 is out: Accessing qualifiers in Wikidata statements ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-26|a new update]] for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce the possibility of calling also qualifiers from Wikidata, we update you on the recent  deployments of Wikifunctions and on the Wikifunctions presentations at Wikimedia events, we give you the recent updates on Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:46, 26 Septemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 7 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250921|minutes]])

; Other news
* The OpenStreetMap community has an initiative called &quot;[https://mapyourgrid.org/ MapYourGrid]&quot; focused on energy infrastructure on Wikidata and Open Streetmap. (SDG 7)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/18/bridging-climate-science-and-the-public-how-the-austrian-climate-report-found-a-home-on-wikipedia/ Bridging Climate Science and the Public: How the Austrian Climate Report Found a Home on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/27/microworld-a-wikimedia-fueled-microbial-exhibition-in-northern-argentina/ Microworld: a Wikimedia-fueled microbial exhibition in northern Argentina] (SDG 4)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/30/wiki-green-conference-2025/ Wiki-Green Conference 2025]

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #220 is out: Rich text now available in embedded function calls on 148 Wiktionaries and Incubator ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-03|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on the latest functions and types you can create, we announce that functions are now available to call on 152 projects, we talk about our presentations at Wikimedia meetings, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1759771800 October 6, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 08:55, 4 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #221 is out: Decision on location for abstract content and Quarterly Planning for October–December ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-08|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we discuss our plans and work for the upcoming quarter (October-December 2025), we report on the next events we'll be part of, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:47, 9 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #222 is out: Kicking Off the Naming Contest for Abstract Wikipedia; Visualizing functions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we kickstart our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we present a beautiful representation of functions by a community member, we report on the next events we'll be part of, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:04, 15 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #223 is out: Welcome Zaree and Laura! Naming contest round 1 kicked off ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we welcome two new additions to the team, we update you on our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we report on the next events we'll be part of, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 21:10, 23 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #224 is out: Round 1 of “abstract content wiki” naming vote ending Monday; An example of short descriptions ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-10-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we announce our first experimentation with short descriptions on Wikidata, we talk about our presentations at the upcoming WikidataCon 2025, and we take a look at the latest Type and software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1762194600 November 3, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:48, 30 Ọktoba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/01/ewe-language-activists-trained-to-translate-the-sustainable-development-goals-online/ Ewe Language Activists Trained to Translate the Sustainable Development Goals Online]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/11/how-wikimedia-commons-is-making-microbiology-open-lessons-from-wikimedistas-de-jujuy-argentina/ How Wikimedia Commons is making microbiology open: lessons from Wikimedistas de Jujuy, Argentina] (SDG 4)
* The [https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Faktamall_f%C3%B6retag&amp;diff=58499099&amp;oldid=57412306 Swedish Wikipedia company infobox now shows carbon emissions data] retreived from Wikidata for over 200 companies. (SDG 13)

; Events
* 6 November–3 December:  [[m:Event:Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025|Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025]] (SDG 5)
* 11 November: [[m:Event:First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] (SDG 10)
* 1–30 November: [[w:id:Wikipedia:Bulan_Asia_Wikipedia_2025|Bulan Asia Wikipedia 2025]] (SDG 10)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #225 is out: First round of voting for naming the wiki for abstract content closed; Calling for Wiktionary functions; Embedded Wikifunctions on Bengali Wikipedia and seven more Wiktionaries ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-05|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on the closing of the first phase of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we introduce a possible implementation of Wikifunctions for Wiktionaries, we talk about our latest outreach events, and we take a look at the latest Type and software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:06, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #226 is out: Getting ready for second round of voting for naming the wiki with abstract content; Rewriting the backend: Why Rust? ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we summarise current discussion regarding the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we discuss how we are rewriting the backend, we ask for help in substituting a function, we suggest you the recordings of Wikifunctions-related sessions at the WikidataCon 2025, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also we remind you that the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1763481600 November 18, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:42, 13 Novemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #227 is out: Second round of voting for naming the wiki with language-independent content; Sharing function calls ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce the start of the second phase of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we share the results of the MacArthur Foundation's 100&amp;Change contest, we share the recording of the last NLG SIG meeting, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:11, 21 Novemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #228 is out: Vote on the new wiki name! Finishing each other’s sentences ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-11-27|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we update you on our [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we discuss our progress on sentence creation with functions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1762194600 December 1, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:38, 27 Novemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 11 December: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20251211|User group call]]
* As are ending the year and will be wrapping up on the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|current annual plan]] we are doing a few sprints. If every member of the user group makes just one contribution, we will finish these easily and have a great resource for the entire community. Please check out these and see if you can help out:
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Video translation|Videos with translatable subtitles]] 
*** Help by identifying which videos need translation
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Charts coordination|Charts]]
*** Help by identifying charts that should be used in SDG topics
&lt;br/&gt;

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/ Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/10/northern-argentine-wikimedians-recognized-in-regional-openstreetmap-contest/ Northern Argentine Wikimedians recognized in regional OpenStreetMap Contest] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/LMyQBP/ny-ai-modell-svenska-foretags-utslapp-av-koldioxid Garbo gräver fram siffror på utsläpp av koldioxid] news in Swedish about carbon emissions data being added to the company infoboxes (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.at/der-klimabericht-und-die-wikipedia-teil-3-wissenschaftskommunikation/ Der Klimabericht und die Wikipedia Teil 3: Wissenschaftskommunikation] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[m:SheSaid|SheSaid campaign on Wikiquote]]. From 1 September until 31 December 2025. (SDG 5)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #229 is out: And the name is Abstract Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-12-04|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share the final results of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|naming contest for Abstract Wikipedia]], we share two demos about new Wikifunctions features, we talk about Wikidata components in Wikifunctions, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:02, 4 Disemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #230 is out: How to write better error messages ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-12-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share an essay on how to write better error messages, on improving which we focused in the last months.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:01, 12 Disemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #231 is out: We wish you a happy new Gregorian year! ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-12-18|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we showcase some templates using Wikifunctions functions on several projects, and we wrap up work for this Gregorian year, wishing you happy holidays.

The updates will resume in the week of January 14, so if you feel like you want more, you can always read the previous updates in [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:01, 18 Disemba 2025 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fiftieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  User group call, 11 December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20251211|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/08/wikiforhumanrights-2025-documenting-ghanas-just-energy-transition-through-the-lens/ WikiForHumanRights 2025: Documenting Ghana’s Just Energy Transition Through the Lens] (SDG 7)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2025/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Update_on_the_Bioeconomy_Science_Institute_Wikimedian_in_Residence|Update on the Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/14/wikiforhumanrights-2025-campaign-in-ghana/ WikiForHumanRights 2025 campaign in Ghana] (SDG 7&amp;13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/12/topics-for-impact/ Topics for impact] by Wikimedia UK
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/ Project Gayatri: A Year of Building Knowledge, Closing with Heart] (SDG 13)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #232 is out: 25 years of Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-01-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In the first issue of 2026, we celebrate our incredible milestone of 25 years of Wikipedia and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:04, 16 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #233 is out: Quarterly plan for January–March 2026 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-01-22|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share our work plans for the quarter that goes from January to March 2026, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:01, 22 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #234 is out: Integrating Abstract Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-01-29|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share our ideas about the integration of Abstract Wikipedia with the existing Wikimedia projects, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:51, 30 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2025|annual report for 2025]] was published.
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Next user group meeting]] is 22 February.
* The drafting of the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2026|2026 annual plan]] is under way, please help.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/09/winning-images-of-the-special-category-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2025%F0%9F%A4%9D/ Winning images of the special category “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2025🤝] (SDG 15)

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== Next Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Volunteers' Corner will be on February 9 ==

Hi, we remind you that, if you have questions or ideas to discuss about Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia, you can participate to the next '''Volunteers' Corner''', that will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1770661800 February 9, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

We hope to see you there! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 06:23, 6 Febụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #235 is out: Finishing each other sentences: Starting things; Offsite in Istanbul ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-02-13|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share the results of our recent team offsite (meeting in person) in Istanbul, Türkiye, especially on creating sentence fragments in several languages.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:31, 13 Febụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #236 is out: A sneak preview of Abstract Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-02-20|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we share a sneak preview of how Abstract Wikipedia will look like and work, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:15, 20 Febụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #237 is out: Graceful overrides and fallbacks ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-02-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss different patterns in articles about years on different Wikipedias, we present the video of the Wikifunctions presentation by Nicolas Vigneron at the last Celtic Knot, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1772476200 March 2, at 18:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:18, 27 Febụwarị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* A proposal for a climate and sustainability meetup at Wikimania has been submitted. Keep your fingers crossed it gets accepted!

; Other news
* [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud Metabase], a project to create a [[m:Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Knowledge Base|movement-wide knowledgebase for activities and initiatives]], now has the property [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud/wiki/Property:P109 relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator] and all the Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators. This makes it possible to make sure that your projects and initiative that supports these are marked as doing so and also find previous efforts related to them.
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists: Why thematic engagement matters] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/influence-of-seasonal-and-eco-climatic-factors-on-butterfly-diversity-insights-from-wiki-loves-butterfly/ Influence of Seasonal and Eco-climatic Factors on Butterfly Diversity: Insights from Wiki Loves Butterfly] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/african-women-in-climate-action-a-continued-editing-journey-through-the-edither-africa-contest-2026/ African Women in Climate Action: A Continued Editing Journey through the EditHer Africa Contest 2026] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

; Events
* March is Women's History Month and also has the Internaltional Women's day, so there are plenty of related events. Check out [[m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]] to find some near you. (SDG 5)
* [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] (SDG 4, 10 &amp;17)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #238 is out: Citations and Copy and Paste ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-06|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce the possibility of creating a function that deals with references and a Wikifunctions internal clipboard, where you can temporarily store any piece of code in order to paste it somewhere else, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 17:28, 6 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #239 is out: A new composition language ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we talk about the revamp of the composition language on Wikifunctions, with its potential for further improvements.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:19, 12 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

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== Question from [[User:SamKel123|SamKel123]] (00:44, 19 Maachị 2026) ==

Hi, Olugold. I stopped Wiking a long time now. I want to get back, as a rewarding hubby. I need your help and push. --[[Ojiarụ:SamKel123|SamKel123]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:SamKel123|ṅkátá]]) 00:44, 19 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Ojiarụ:SamKel123|SamKel123]], 
:How can I help you? Have you joined the Igbo Wikimedia community Whatsapp group? There are several Wiki activities organized by the [[m:Igbo Wikimedians User Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]] that will help you. -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 07:17, 19 Maachị 2026 (UTC)
::Okay. I will join immediately. Thank you so much. [[Ojiarụ:SamKel123|SamKel123]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:SamKel123|ṅkátá]]) 08:37, 19 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #240 is out: Abstract Wikipedia is now in Beta ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we celebrate the launch of the [https://abstract.wikipedia.org/ preliminary Beta version of Abstract Wikipedia], and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 18:23, 19 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #241 is out: First few days of Abstract Wikipedia Beta; Status of Composition Language v2 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss the first early edits on [https://abstract.wikipedia.org/ Abstract Wikipedia], we share the status of Composition Language v2, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 16:48, 26 Maachị 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* There is now a [[c:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|user box template on Wikimedia Commons]] that you can use to show that you are participant of the user group. There were already user boxes on [[m:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Meta]], [[d:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Wikidata]], [[w:en:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|English]] and [[w:sv:Mall:Användare Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Swedish]] Wikipedia. If your home wiki uses user boxes but lacks one, feel free to copy any of these to it.

; Other news
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/ “Cinematic intensity”: The winners of Wiki Loves Earth 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00940-y Scientists should join collaborative online editing communities for biodiversity] (SDG 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #242 is out: Request for Discussion: Syntactic tables ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce a proposal for Natural Language Generation, we introduce a page for function suggestions from Abstract Wikipedia, we inform you that there will be a presentation about Abstract Wikipedia at WikiCon Australia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776101400 April 13, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:37, 3 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #243 is out: Community proposals for capturing meaning ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-10|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we report on three community proposals on syntactic approaches, we introduce a new Type (Complex numbers), we report on current hiccups on Abstract Wikipedia, we share more information about a presentation about Abstract Wikipedia at WikiCon Australia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776101400 April 13, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:35, 10 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #244 is out: Milestones; Some major issues hopefully resolved ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-16|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we celebrate 4000 functions on Wikifunctions and 1000 abstract articles on Abstract Wikipedia, we announce that we should have fixed some major issues with the websites, we inform you on our latest outreach activities, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 10:22, 17 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #245 is out: The Foundation's search for the perfect language ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-04-25|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present an academic paper about Abstract Wikipedia, we discuss our latest Type created, and we take a look at the newest created functions.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:54, 25 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

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== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 Eprel 2026 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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:Thanks and duly noted. @[[Ojiarụ:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 06:45, 29 Eprel 2026 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #246 is out: Request for input: what should we count for Abstract Wikipedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-02|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we ask you what would be the relevant metrics for Abstract Wikipedia, we discuss our latest news on Composition Language v2, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 12:21, 2 Mee 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/04/15/from-lens-to-knowledge-citizen-science-through-wiki-loves-butterfly/|From Lens to Knowledge: Citizen Science through Wiki Loves Butterfly]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Wikidata type specimen data model]]  (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|Edit-a-thon &quot;Women Botanists&quot; and “Plants Around Us: Veles” workshop]] (SDG 5 &amp; 15)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:100 Days 100 Edits|100 Days 100 Edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026|Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026]] (SDG 2, 6 &amp; 7)
* May 9-10: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Projekt naturgeografi/Fotosafari: Fåglar i Skåne 2026|Bird photography trip]] in south Sweden (SDG 15)
* May 30: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Biologisk mångfald|Editathon about biodiversity]] in Stockholm (SDG 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #247 is out: References from Wikidata now available ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-08|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we announce that is now possible to pass references in Wikidata statements, we introduce the [https://abstract-data.toolforge.org/ Abstract Data dashboard], we report you on the presentation about Abstract Wikipedia at WikiCon Australia, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1778520600 May 11, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:16, 8 Mee 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #248 is out: A higher meaning ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-15|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss functions creating language fragments, we present our latest news in Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:36, 15 Mee 2026 (UTC)

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== Question from [[User:Chizoba Amanambu|Chizoba Amanambu]] (14:26, 20 Mee 2026) ==

Hello,
Please how does the editing role work? How are roles assigned to people on Wikimedia? Do I have to wait to follow a project or I can find one and start myself on the site? Is there a criteria to get started as well. --[[Ojiarụ:Chizoba Amanambu|Chizoba Amanambu]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Chizoba Amanambu|ṅkátá]]) 14:26, 20 Mee 2026 (UTC)

:hello @[[Ojiarụ:Chizoba Amanambu|Chizoba Amanambu]]. You can choose to start editing Wiki projects such as Wikipedia, Wikiquote, Wiki commons, etc you can edit by adding more details, translating, or creating new articles. You can join communities to learn more during campaigns, events, etc. There are lot of communities like, language, regional, women, etc. You can participate in any of these communities. See [[m:Igbo Wikimedians User Group|Igbo Wikimedians User Group]], it's a language community. -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 15:30, 20 Mee 2026 (UTC)

== Question from [[User:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] (23:17, 22 Mee 2026) ==

Hi Olugold,

My name is Goodmaraj, and I'm a Wikipedia user. I really enjoy editing and creating pages. I started over two years ago and have made more than 3,000 edits.

I always run into the problem of seeing pages that don’t meet Wikipedia’s standards—pages promoting certain topics or featuring unknown people—and I can’t delete them. At first, I would ask administrators to delete them, but they usually take a long time to respond.

That’s why I need this permission to delete articles directly—it will help me a lot and make my work much faster.

Thank you --[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|ṅkátá]]) 23:17, 22 Mee 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]]! Thank you for all you do. I see that you have 2 accounts Goodymaraj and [[user:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]], kindly choose a preferred account and continue contributing with the preferred account to avoid blocks. 
:Your account Goodymeraj has being added to the auto patroller group. What this means is that, while logged in to the account on Igbo Wikipedia, you can:
:*Go through newly created pages and mark them patrolled
:*Tag pages for deletion
:*Suggest deletion
:*Report problematic pages. 
:You can ping user:King ChristLike as one of the active admins on the Igbo Wikipedia, to go through and delete the tagged pages. Thank you. -- [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 06:00, 23 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::Hi @[[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]], this user is totally different from [[User:Goodymeraj]] whom you just granted the autopatroller rights. 
::Secondly, while @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] has made some meaningful edits here, they're still not a native Igbo speaker or have a good understanding of the Igbo language, so their edits or page creations would still need to be patrolled to ensure accuracy and quality. Granting the autopatroller rights may not be advisable for now. I've had an off-wiki conversation with them about this. They can always tag or request for admins to delete non-notable articles. Every other request should follow through the normal process. [[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:King ChristLike|ṅkátá]]) 13:48, 23 Mee 2026 (UTC)
::Good morning ma @[[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]]. Please, @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymaraj|Goodymaraj]] is an entirely different user from me @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]]. Thank you also for the rights granted me. I appreciate. It will go a very long way for me. [[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|ṅkátá]]) 04:21, 25 Mee 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[Ojiarụ:King ChristLike|King ChristLike]] and @[[Ojiarụ:Goodymeraj|Goodymeraj]] thanks for the clarification. 
:::Goodymeraj showed interest in carrying out administrative task in the past, so when I saw this message, I honestly thought it was Goodymeraj. With the patrol right, he needs to tag admins to delete unwanted articles. In addition, he has a good understanding of the written and spoken Igbo language.
:::Moving forward, nke a bụ Wikipedia Igbo, anyị kwesịrị iji asụsụ Igbo na-ekwurịta okwu ebe a. [[Ojiarụ:Olugold|Olugold]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Olugold|ṅkátá]]) 06:51, 25 Mee 2026 (UTC)

== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #249 is out: Annual plan 2026-2027 ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-23|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you the current draft of objectives for Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia in the WMF Annual Plan 2026-2027, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 09:48, 25 Mee 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #250 is out: Looking back and forward ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-30|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you a recollection of our work so far, now that we celebrate our 250th newsletter, we share with you a summary of our latest outreach activities, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/05/19/wikimedia-projects-and-the-climate-crisis-how-wiki-for-sustainable-futures-2026-is-being-built/|Wikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being BuiltWikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being Built]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7 &amp; 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/05/21/earth-day-every-day-preserving-biodiversity-on-wikipedia/ Earth Day, Every Day: Preserving Biodiversity on Wikipedia] (SDG 15)
*[[diffblog:ar/2026/05/29/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-2026-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9/|Launch of the Arabic Environmental Contest 2026: an ambitious initiative to enrich environmental content]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/From_the_field_to_the_free_web From the field to the free web] (SDG 15)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #251 is out: The illustrated encyclopaedia ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-05|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we introduce our first function to import images on Abstract Wikipedia, we present our Functions of the Week, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780939800 June 8, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

Enjoy the reading! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:14, 5 Jụn 2026 (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #252 is out: Improved loading and display of Test results ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-12|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you an improvement in loading and display of Test results, we talk about our next events, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that Denny will lead a discussion on the [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-05-15#News in Types: way forward for natural language generation types|new NLG types]] in the next '''Natural Language Generation Special Interest Group meeting''', that will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1781625600 June 16, at 16:00 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xzn-kqer-mah link to the meeting]).

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #253 is out: The or not the, this is (the?) question ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-19|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we present you a delicate question regarding grammatical framework, we talk about our next events and about the results of our latest online meetings, we discuss news about Types, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #254: Working on Functions, together ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-06-26|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we report on new collaborative patterns emerging in our community, we discuss news in Types, we share some events that relate to Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia at Wikimania 2026, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

Want to catch up with the previous updates? Check [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates|our archive]]!

Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1783359000 July 6, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

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== Wikifunctions &amp; Abstract Wikipedia Newsletter #255: Integration on test wiki and annual plan ==

There is [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-07-01|a new update]] for Abstract Wikipedia and Wikifunctions. Please, come and read it!

In this issue, we discuss integration of Abstract Wikipedia in Test Wiki and our objectives for the new Wikimedia Foundation Fiscal Year, we remind you of the Wikifunctions and Abstract Wikipedia events at Wikimania 2026, and we take a look at the latest software developments.

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Also, we remind you that if you have questions or ideas to discuss, the next '''Volunteers' Corner''' will be held on '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1783359000 July 6, at 17:30 UTC]''' ([https://meet.google.com/xuy-njxh-rkw link to the meeting]).

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5 and 10.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; In the news
* [[diffblog:2026/06/08/reading-wikipedia-in-the-classroom-in-wa-ghana-empowering-educators-with-media-and-information-literacy-skills/|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom in Wa, Ghana: Empowering Educators with Media and Information Literacy Skills]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/12/amplifying-womens-stories-and-indigenous-knowledge-feminism-and-folklore-2026-in-the-igbo-community/|Amplifying Women’s Stories and Indigenous Knowledge: Feminism and Folklore 2026 in the Igbo Community]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/13/artfeminism-network-organizers-at-eseap-conference-2026/|Art+Feminism Network Organizers at ESEAP Conference 2026]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/14/a-reflection-on-what-i-learned-at-my-first-international-womens-day-celebration/|A Reflection on What I Learned at My First International Women’s Day Celebration]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/16/from-mentee-to-builder-my-six-months-in-the-eduwiki-hub-mentorship-program/|From Mentee to Builder: My Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/16/building-skills-and-confidence-during-my-three-month-journey-through-the-on-wiki-skill-program-organized-by-africa-wiki-women/|Building Skills and Confidence During My Three-Month Journey Through the On Wiki Skill Program Organized by Africa Wiki Women]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/17/why-the-eduwiki-starter-kit-matters-for-the-future-of-education/|Why the EduWiki Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/17/empowering-new-editors-to-bridge-the-gender-gap-my-experience-as-a-mentor-in-the-edither-africa-april-2026-contest/|Empowering New Editors to Bridge the Gender Gap: My Experience as a Mentor in the EditHer Africa April 2026 Contest]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/18/visible-women-edit-a-thon-piloting-a-collaborative-approach-to-free-knowledge-in-hong-kong/|Visible Women Edit-a-thon: Piloting a Collaborative Approach to Free Knowledge in Hong Kong]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/23/guiding-new-voices-training-women-in-wikidata-during-the-april-edither-africa-contest/|Guiding New Voices: Training Women in Wikidata during the April EditHer Africa Contest]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/23/wikimedia-community-usergroup-botswana-in-collaboration-with-art-and-feminism-on-wikidata-mobile-training-2026/|Wikimedia Community Usergroup Botswana in collaboration with Art and Feminism on Wikidata Mobile Training 2026]] (SDG 5)

; Events
* 10-18 July: [[m:Event:Wikiwomen Camp 2026|Wikiwomen Camp 2026]] (SDG 5)
* 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers &amp; Frauen 14.07.2026|Queers &amp; Frauen]] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)
* 21-25 July: Wikimania is coming up and there are plenty of sessions related to sustainable development. There is now a dedicated page for those sessions at [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions]].
* 23 July: [[m:Event:From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements|From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements]] (SDG 10)
* 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers &amp; Frauen 28.07.2026|Queers &amp; Frauen]] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

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    <title>Rosina Umelo</title>
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'''Rosina Umelo''' (amuru '''Rosina Martin''', 1930) &lt;ref name=&quot;hurstpublishers.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/surviving-biafra/|title=Surviving Biafra &amp;#124; Hurst Publishers}}&lt;/ref&gt; bu onye odee akwụkwọ na Naijiria . A maara ya maka akụkọ mkpirisi ya, akwụkwọ ụmụaka na akụkọ ifo ndị ntorobịa ya. O bipụtakwala aha pen n' okpuru '''Adaeze Madu''' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|authorlink=Wendy Griswold|title=Bearing Witness: Readers, Writers, and the Novel in Nigeria|author=Griswold|first=Wendy|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0691058290|location=Princeton, New Jersey|pages=280|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kf7_x8yz430C&amp;q=%22rosina%20umelo%22&amp;pg=PR3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ ==
A mụrụ Rosina &quot;Rose&quot; Martin na Cheshire, England, ma gụọ akwụkwọ na Bedford College, Mahadum London . Ọ lụrụ onye Naijiria John Umelo na 1961, ebe ọ zutere ya na London Underground . &lt;ref name=&quot;hurstpublishers.com&quot;/&gt; Na 1965, ha abụọ kwagara [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] . Ọ kuziri Latịn na ụlọ akwụkwọ Queens, [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], ruo mgbe agha obodo Naijiria malitere (1967–70). Ọ ghọrọ nwaafọ Naijiria na 1971 site na alụmdi na nwunye. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195146561.001.0001/acref-9780195146561-e-3276|title=Umelo Rosina|date=1 January 2006|accessdate=3 February 2016|isbn=978-0-19-514656-1|publisher=Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ wee mepụta ihe ọmụmụ asụsụ Bekee. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ka emechara, Umelo ghọrọ onye nlekọta ụlọ akwụkwọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Stories About West Africans|author=Schmidt|first=Nancy|date=1984|journal=Africa Today|volume=31|issue=1|pages=69–70}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umelo nwere opekata mpe ụmụ anọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.asabamemorial.org/surviving-biafra-a-nigerwife-s-stor|title=Surviving Biafra: A Nigerwife's Story|accessdate=2022-02-22|archivedate=2020-11-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126212336/https://www.asabamemorial.org/surviving-biafra-a-nigerwife-s-stor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Umelo chịkọtara akụkọ mkpirisi iri na abụọ maka ndị okenye n'ime ''Nwoke ahụ riri ego'' (1978), nke ise n'ime ha nwetara ihe nrite. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Nancy J. Schmidt, na-ede maka ''Africa Today'', na-akpọ Umelo ederede na ''Nwoke Na-eri Ego'' &quot;ọhụrụ,&quot; ọ bụ ezie na isiokwu ya na-ekwu banyere isiokwu ndị na-emekarị na akụkọ ifo Afrịka &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Umelo dekwara akwụkwọ maka usoro ndị ntorobịa na-ewu ewu nke Macmillan bipụtara, nke a na-akpọ Pacesetters Series . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Genre and Authority in Some Popular Nigerian Women's Novels|author=Erwin|first=Lee|date=2002|journal=Research in African Literatures|doi=10.2979/RAL.2002.33.2.81|volume=33|issue=2|pages=81–99}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umelo mepụtakwara ọrụ maka ndị na-eto eto maka usoro &quot;Heart Beats&quot;, nke Chelsea House Publishers bipụtara na 1990s. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-2252224.html|title=Books &amp; Things: Nurturing the Image of the Black Child|author=Wells|first=Earl|date=7 April 1994|work=Miami Times|accessdate=3 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1967, mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naijiria nke isi obodo ya bụ [[Enụgwụ|Enugwu]], kewapụrụ dịka mba [[Bịafra|Biafra ewepụtara]] ọhụrụ. Ezinụlọ Umelo si n'ụlọ ha dị n'Enugwu gbaga n'obodo John Umelo dị na etiti Biafra. N'oge agha ahụ, Rosina debere ihe ndị ọ chọpụtara, bụ́ nke o depụtara dị ka akụkọ ozugbo agha ahụ gasịrị, bụ́ nke biri na 1970 ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu nde ndị nkịtị nwụrụ. Ihe ndekọ a, nke a na-akpọ &quot;Ụwa nke Anyị,&quot; ka ebipụtaghị ya ruo n'afọ 2018, mgbe ọ malitere isi akwụkwọ, &quot;Surviving Biafra: A Nigerwife's Story,&quot; (Hurst Publishers, London), nke ya na ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ bụ S. Elizabeth dere ya. Nnụnụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/shows/surviving-biafra-nigerwifes-story|title=Surviving Biafra: A Nigerwife's Story|date=11 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe e mesịrị na ndụ ya, Umelo rụrụ ọrụ na International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, [[Ibadan]] . N'afọ 2018, o bi nso na [[London]] nke [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;hurstpublishers.com&quot;/&gt;

== Ndemsibia ==

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    <title>Pistis Ghana</title>
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{{Infobox person
| name          = Pistis Ghana Ltd
| logo          = Pistis Ghana.pdf
| logo_caption  = 
| type          = [[Privately held company|Privately held]]
| founded       = {{start date and age|2008}}
| founder       = Kabutey and Sumaiya Dzietror
| hq_location   = Accra, Ghana
| industry      = [[Fashion]]
| products      = {{startplainlist|class=nowrap}}
* [[Gowns]]
* [[Ready-to-wear]]
{{endplainlist}}
| num_employees = 60 (2020)
}}

'''Pistis Ghana''' bụ ụdị ejiji ndị Ghana nke dabere na Accra. Ọ bụ di na nwunye Kabutey na Sumaiya Dzietror tọrọ ntọala ya na 2008 ka ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Joyce Ababio 's Vogue Style School of Fashion and Design. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dadson|first=Efua|date=2018-03-08|title=Meet PISTIS: The Brand Behind Samira Bawumia's Unique Fashion Styles|url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2018/03/08/meet-pistis-brand-behind-samira-bawumia-unique-styles/pop-culture/fashion|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=Kuulpeeps - Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-04-21|title=Joyce Ababio College of Creative Design wins Int'l Award|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Joyce-Ababio-College-of-Creative-Design-wins-Int-l-Award-432672|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pistis pụtara &quot;okwukwe&quot; n'asusu Grik. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Team|first=I. A.|date=2016-10-31|title=A MEETING WITH PISTIS, PIONEERING GHANAIAN FASHION HOUSE|url=https://inspireafrika.com/en/a-meeting-with-pistis-pioneering-ghanaian-fashion-house/|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=Inspire Afrika|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302133542/https://inspireafrika.com/en/a-meeting-with-pistis-pioneering-ghanaian-fashion-house/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha bụ ndị a ma ama maka imepụta ihe maka nwanyị nke abụọ Ghana, Samira Bawumia, na uwe Kente nke oge a &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-26|title=5 times Ghanaian designer, Pistis styled Samira Bawumia in gorgeous dresses|first=Berlinda|author=Entsie|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/fashion/5-times-ghanaian-designer-pistis-styled-samira-bawumia-in-gorgeous-dresses/k7h3ye6|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-10-15|title=6 places to get luxurious wedding gowns in Ghana|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/6-places-to-get-luxurious-wedding-gowns-in-ghana/7wt8m84|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pistis Ranked as 2017 Most Influential Fashion Brand on Social Media|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/836448/pistis-ranked-as-2017-most-influential-fashion.html|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
N'afọ 2008, Sumaiya Mohammed na Kabutey Dzietror, bụ ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nso nso a na Joyce Ababio College of Creative Design (Vogue Style), tọrọ ntọala Pistis mgbe ọ chọtara ihe jikọrọ ha n'ejiji na imewe dị ka ụmụ akwụkwọ.

Ụlọ ejiji ahụ malitere na East Legon dị na ezinụlọ Kabutey Dzietror ma mgbe afọ abụọ gachara ha hiwere ụlọ ahịa n'ihu iji dọta ndị ahịa. Pistis Ghana ghọrọ onye ama ama maka uwe alụmdi na nwunye ha nwere aka na ntinye nke akwa wax Africa na kente n'uwe maka nwanyị Ghana.

== Atụmatụ ama ama ==
Na 7 Jenụwarị 2017, Samira Bawumia gara nraranye nke Nana Akufo-Addo wee yiri uwe Northern Kente site na Pistis nke na-agbasa gburugburu mba ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Heritage|first=Daily|date=2017-01-11|title=Pistis designed Samira Bawumia's outfit|url=http://dailyheritage.com.gh/?p=2987|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=daily Heritage|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uwe ahụ wee gbasaa na ịntanetị nke mere ka anya nke ndi mba ọzọ dị n'ụlọ ọrụ nwere onwe ya. Ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-akwa akwa malitere ịkopị nakwa imeputa oyiri ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Abedu-Kennedy|first=Dorcas|date=2020-05-29|title=5 times Ghanaian designer styled Samira Bawumia in gorgeous dresses|url=https://www.adomonline.com/5-times-ghanaian-designer-styled-samira-bawumia-in-gorgeous-dresses-photos/|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=Adomonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=MyNewsGH|date=2017-02-12|title=PHOTOS: Hit or Miss: Lady Copies Samira Bawumia|url=https://www.mynewsgh.com/photos-hit-or-miss-lady-copies-samira-bawumia/|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=MyNewsGh|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-29|title=28 times Ghanaian designers, Pistis &amp; Stylista Ghana styled Samira Bawumia in gorgeous dresses|url=https://www.weddingdigestnaija.com/blog/28-times-ghanaian-designers-pistis-stylista-ghana-styled-samira-bawumia-in-gorgeous-dresses/|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=Wedding Digest Naija Blog|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nhazi ọzọ nke gosipụtara ihe nketa Fulani Bawumia n'ụbọchị nnwere onwe Ghana adọtala mmasị dị ukwuu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2019-03-07|title=Can we begin to talk about how Samira Bawumia glowed in a Pistis dress at Ghana's 62nd Independence Parade|url=https://braperucci.africa/can-we-begin-to-talk-about-how-samira-bawumia-glowed-in-a-pistis-dress-at-ghanas-62nd-independence-parade/|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=Bra Perucci Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ha emebekwara maka ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama, ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọha na eze nke gụnyere Naomi Campbell, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-11-19|title=Supermodel Naomi Campbell returns to Ghana|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Supermodel-Naomi-Campbell-returns-to-Ghana-800486|accessdate=2022-03-11|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Charlotte Osei, Naa Ashorkor, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-07-06|title=Naa Ashorkor just took traditional attire to the next level with this sensational outfit|first=Berlinda|author=Entsie|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/fashion/naa-ashorkor-just-took-traditional-attire-to-the-next-level-with-this-sensational/l8xsgf4|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en|archivedate=2021-09-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912001605/https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/fashion/naa-ashorkor-just-took-traditional-attire-to-the-next-level-with-this-sensational/l8xsgf4}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Portia|first=Arthur|date=2019-12-04|title=5 times Ghanaian designer, Pistis styled Naa Ashorkor in gorgeous dresses|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/fashion/5-times-ghanaian-designer-pistis-styled-naa-ashorkor-in-gorgeous-dresses/clnjwx4|accessdate=2022-03-11|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eve, [[Joselyn Dumas|Josleyn Dumas]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-01-02|title=How Joselyn Dumas dazzled at Potato Potahto world premiere|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/How-Joselyn-Dumas-dazzled-at-Potato-Potahto-world-premiere-614189|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Yvonne Okoro]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ghana|first=News|title=The Okoro Sisters Nailed It at Ghana Women of the Year Honours {{!}} News Ghana|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/the-okoro-sisters-nailed-it-at-ghana-women-of-the-year-honours/|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=NewsGhana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Valerie Lawson, Berla Mundi, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-04-15|title=Dress Change: Pick Your Favourite Berla Mundi Look At 2018 Ghana Music Awards #VGMA2018 - Ameyaw Debrah|url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/dress-change-pick-favourite-berla-mundi-look-2018-ghana-music-awards-vgma2018/|accessdate=2022-03-11|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Style|first=BellaNaija|date=2018-04-16|title=BN Style Spotlight: Berla Addardey as Host of #VGMA2018|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/04/berla-addardey-host-vgma2018/|accessdate=2022-03-11|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na nwunye onye ịsị ala nke Ghana ugbu a, Rebecca Akufo-Addo . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-04|first=Arthur|author=Portia|title=5 times Ghanaian designer, Pistis styled Naa Ashorkor in gorgeous dresses|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/fashion/5-times-ghanaian-designer-pistis-styled-naa-ashorkor-in-gorgeous-dresses/clnjwx4|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ejiji ==
Pistis bụ akara ejiji ndị Ghana izizi gosipụtara na Runway Dubai Season III. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-10-31|title=Runway Dubai Fashion Show Is Back In The Middle East|url=https://www.expatwoman.com/ewmoda/fashion/runway-dubai-fashion-show-back-middle-east|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=ewmoda|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha egosikwala atụmatụ ha na Glitz Africa Fashion Week 2013, Radiance Bridal Show na Vlisco Fashion Show na Ghana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Obiuwevbi|first=Jennifer|date=2014-03-20|title=Ghana's Pistis presents 4 Glamorous Spring/Summer 2014 Collections – Exclusive, Resort, Melange &amp; Nuptials|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/03/ghanas-pistis-presents-4-glamorous-springsummer-2014-collections-exclusive-resort-melange-nuptials/|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha so na ihe ngosi ejiji Africa na Geneva. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=An African Summer In The Alps - Forbes Africa|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/life/2015/08/01/an-african-summer-in-the-alps/|accessdate=2021-09-12|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mgbakwunye, Pistis enweela ohere iji ejiji nke ndị ikpeazụ maka Miss Malaika Ghana maka oge 2012, 2013, na 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peep Behind Miss Malaika|first=Ewurabena|author=Turkson|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/12713/peep-behind-miss-malaika.html|date=2010-07-30|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oluwakemi|first=Abigail|title=VIDEO: Ghana's Pistis Presents 4 Glamorous Spring/Summer 2014 Collections – Exclusive, Resort, Melange &amp; Nuptials - FashionGHANA.com: 100% African Fashion|url=https://www.fashionghana.com/site/ghanas-pistis-presents-4-glamorous-springsummer-2014-collections-exclusive-resort-melange-nuptials/|accessdate=2021-03-20|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-11-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127050119/https://www.fashionghana.com/site/ghanas-pistis-presents-4-glamorous-springsummer-2014-collections-exclusive-resort-melange-nuptials/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Fund Raising Fashion Show On Miss Malaika|url=https://peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/pageants/201209/133900.php|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archivedate=2017-06-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617175223/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/pageants/201209/133900.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na nleta Prince Charles na Camilla, Duchess nke Cornwall bịara na Ghana, gọọmentị Ghana haziri oriri eze na ihe ngosi ejiji maka nsọpụrụ ha. A họpụtara Pistis dị ka otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị Ghana na Britain iji gosi ihe na ọgbakọ ngosi ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-11-07|title=Prince Charles in Africa: A royal visit to a land of princes and chiefs|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46110610|accessdate=2021-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chilton|first=Charlotte|date=2018-11-07|title=The Best Photos From Prince Charles and Camilla's Tour of West Africa|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/g24667662/prince-charles-camilla-parker-bowles-royal-tour-gambia-ghana-nigeria-photos/|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=Town &amp; Country|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Edward Enninful Joins The Prince Of Wales And The Duchess Of Cornwall In Ghana|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/edward-enninful-ghana-visit|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=British Vogue|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-11-08|title=Photos from the fashion show held in honor of HRH the Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/fashion/photos-from-the-fashion-show-held-in-honor-of-hrh-the-prince-of-wales-and-duchess-of/tkek8y7|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=Pulse Ghana|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ebere ==
N'oge ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ọrịa COVID-19, Pistis na Naa Ashoorkor nyere ndị na-ebu ụzọ na Madina ihe mkpuchi ihu otú pụkụ dị ka nke sonyere n'ọrụ mmekọrịta ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pistis GH donates 1000 face masks to Kayaye - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/pistis-gh-donates-1000-face-masks-to-kayaye/|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite ==
Onye Mmebe Kapeeti Uhie nke Afọ - Glitz Style Awards &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Obiuwevbi|first=Jennifer|date=2015-10-05|title=Joselyn Dumas, Yvonne Nelson, Pistis, Becca &amp; More Win at Glitz Style Awards 2015 {{!}} View Full Winners List|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/10/joselyn-dumas-yvonne-nelson-pistis-becca-more-win-at-glitz-style-awards-2015-view-full-winners-list/|accessdate=2021-09-12|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye nrụpụta ETV Ghana nke afọ 2016 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-11-11|title=Over 70 Fashion Designers Nominated For 2016 E.Tv Ghana Fashion Awards|url=https://www.etvghana.com/over-70-fashion-designers-nominated-for-2016-e-tv-ghana-fashion-awards/|accessdate=2021-03-20|work=e.TVGhana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.pistisghana.com// Weebụsaịtị] 
* [https://harn.ufl.edu/exhibitions/ghanaianfashion Harn Museum of Art]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''James Anthony Dean''' (Ọnwa Februari ụbọchị asaa, afọ 1943 rụọ ọnwa Eprel ụbọchị itoolu, afọ 2006) bụ onye Amerịka na-ede egwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?rank=1&amp;new=1&amp;MSAV=1&amp;msT=1&amp;gss=angs-g&amp;gsfn=james+a&amp;gsln=dean&amp;msddy=2006&amp;cpxt=1&amp;catBucket=rstp&amp;uidh=jq5&amp;cp=0&amp;pcat=ROOT_CATEGORY&amp;h=77555320&amp;recoff=9+10+11&amp;db=ssdi&amp;indiv=1|title=U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 - Ancestry.co.uk|work=Search.ancestry.co.uk|date=|accessdate=2016-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na Motown Records n'ime afọ 1960s, mgbe mgbe ya na William Weatherspoon na-arụkọ ọrụ, onye ya na ya so dee ọtụtụ egwu gụnyere Jimmy Ruffin's &quot;What Becomes of the Brokenhearted&quot;.  Dean dekwara, ya na John Glover, &quot;You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show),&quot; a US no.1 hit for Marilyn McCoo and Billy Davis, Jr.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Dean na [[Detroit]] bụ nwa mbụ nke Richard na Dorothy Dean, ma gaa Hamtramck High School na Hamtramck, Michigan.&lt;ref name=&quot;lacy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://motownforever.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=headlines&amp;action=print&amp;thread=1657|title=James Anthony Dean Passes From Cancer &amp;#124; Motown Forever - A Tribute To The Classic Sound|work=Motownforever.proboards.com|date=|accessdate=2016-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọ jere ozi na US Army, wee malite ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede egwu maka Motown n'afọ 1964.  Ya na William Weatherspoon jikọrọ aka dee egwu maka Jimmy Ruffin (&quot;What Becomes of the Brokenhearted&quot;, &quot;I've Passed This Way Before&quot;, &quot;Farewell Is a Lonely Sound&quot;, &quot;I'll Say Forever My Love&quot;, na &quot;It's Wonderful (To Be Loved by You&quot;)); Marv Johnson (&quot;I'll Pick a Rose for My Rose&quot;); Edwin Starr (&quot;I Am the Man for You Baby&quot;); na ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;bmi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://repertoire.bmi.com/writer.asp?blnWriter=True&amp;blnPublisher=True&amp;blnArtist=True&amp;page=1&amp;fromrow=1&amp;torow=25&amp;querytype=WriterID&amp;keyid=85851&amp;keyname=DEAN+JAMES+A&amp;CAE=269877100&amp;Affiliation=BMI|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130410155858/http://repertoire.bmi.com/writer.asp?blnWriter=True&amp;blnPublisher=True&amp;blnArtist=True&amp;page=1&amp;fromrow=1&amp;torow=25&amp;querytype=WriterID&amp;keyid=85851&amp;keyname=DEAN+JAMES+A&amp;CAE=269877100&amp;Affiliation=BMI|archivedate=April 10, 2013|title=BMI Repertoire Search: James A Dean|work=Repertoire.bmi.com|accessdate=March 21, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Dean so dee &quot;Everything Is Good About You Baby&quot; nke The Supremes na Eddie Holland; Eddie na Brian Holland bụ ụmụ nwanne nna Dean. &lt;ref name=&quot;lacy&quot; /&gt; Ya na Weatherspoon mepụtakwara &quot;Mgbe ị bụ nwata na ịhụnanya&quot;, ihe egwu maka The Marvelettes .

Ya na John Glover, Dean so dee maka The Four Tops, First Choice, na Marilyn McCoo na Billy Davis Jr., na-enwe ihe ịga nke ọma ya na ndekọ US nọmba nke mbụ nke afọ 1976 &quot;You Don't Have to Be a Star (To Be in My Show).&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;bmi&quot; /&gt;

James Dean nwụrụ site na ọrịa kansa nke ọkpụkpụ azụ n'ụlọ ya na Detroit n'afọ 2006 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri isii na atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;lacy&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Ruby Onyinyechi Amanze''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1982) bụ onye na-ese ihe bị na Brooklyn. Ọ bụ onye Naijiria na Britain amaara maka eserese na ọrụ ya na mpempe akwụkwọ nke na-elekwasị anya na ọdịbendị ma ọ bụ &quot;post-colonial non-nationalism&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;10 Female Artists of Color&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stafford Davis|first=Jessica|title=10 Female Artists of Color|url=https://www.theroot.com/10-female-artists-of-color-on-the-rise-1790854732|work=The Root|publisher=Gizmoda Media Group|accessdate=1 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vice&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lindsay|first=Taylor|title=2017 Is the Year of Aggression for This Annual Performance Art Series|url=https://creators.vice.com/en_us/article/yp5apx/mauve-bird-yellow-moving-company-performance-series|accessdate=2 February 2018|publisher=Vice Media LLC|date=16 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://rubyamanze.com/story|title=bio + contact - ruby amanze|work=rubyamanze.com|language=en|accessdate=24 February 2018|archivedate=19 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219221729/http://rubyamanze.com/story}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ onye na-ese ihe, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na onye nlekọta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.artspace.com/magazine/interviews_features/ruby_onyinyechi_amanze|title=Curator and Artist Ruby Onyinyechi Amanze on the Ancient, Universal Language of Drawing|work=Artspace|language=english|accessdate=2019-03-16|archivedate=2015-05-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504053949/http://www.artspace.com/magazine/interviews_features/ruby_onyinyechi_amanze}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Amanze na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] n'afọ 1982. A zụlitere ya na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]], o biri ebe ahụ afọ iri na atọ tupu ọ bịa [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] na 2004 mgbe ọ kwagara Philadelphia. O nwetara B.F.A. ''summa cum laude'' na Tyler School of Art na Philadelphia's Temple University n'afọ 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;Habitat: Ruby Onyinyechi Amanze&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=McMahon|first=Katherine|title=Habitat: Ruby Onyinyechi Amanze|journal=ARTnews|date=8 August 2015|url=http://www.artnews.com/2015/08/13/habitat-ruby-onyinyechi-amanze/|accessdate=1 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara M.F.A ya na Cranbrook Academy of Art, na Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.&lt;ref name=&quot;artdaily&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=First solo exhibition by ruby onyinyechi amanze opens at Tiwani Contemporary|url=http://artdaily.com/news/76614/First-solo-exhibition-by-ruby-onyinyechi-amanze-opens-at-Tiwani-Contemporary#.WnOagBTzRhU|work=ArtDaily|publisher=|accessdate=1 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amanze bi ugbu a na Brooklyn, New York.

== Ọrụ ==
Eserese Ruby Onyinyechi Amanze, ink na pigmenti, nke na-ejikọta ya na mbufe foto, bụ nke ihe okike ngwakọ dị na mbara ala dị iche iche bi na ya, na-ese n'elu oghere ọcha nke mpempe akwụkwọ ha. Ndị na-ese ihe na Naijiria na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke eserese metụtara ya nke ukwuu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Artspace&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.artspace.com/magazine/interviews_features/expert_eye/ruby_onyinyechi_amanze-51862|author=Corbett, Rachel|title=Curator and Artist Ruby Onyinyechi Amanze on the Ancient, Universal Language of Drawing|work=Artspace|language=en|date=26 November 2013|accessdate=10 March 2018|archivedate=11 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311081220/https://www.artspace.com/magazine/interviews_features/expert_eye/ruby_onyinyechi_amanze-51862}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe osise ya na mgbasa ozi na-adabere n'echiche nke mbugharị na ọdịbendị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://stories.thejewishmuseum.org/black-history-month-picturing-black-love-within-the-jewish-experience-e891a00e0ae4|title=Black History Month: Picturing Black Love within the Jewish Experience|author=Museum|first=The Jewish|date=2018-02-05|work=The Jewish Museum|accessdate=2019-03-03|archivedate=2020-06-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614080706/https://stories.thejewishmuseum.org/black-history-month-picturing-black-love-within-the-jewish-experience-e891a00e0ae4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe osise aghọwo ihe mbụ ya, Amanze na-akọwa ya dị ka &quot;nke na-emegharị onwe ya mgbe niile&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Artspace&quot;/&gt; N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-arụ ọrụ ya na ndị na-ahụ maka ihe dị iche iche, ihe ndị ọ na-eme ugbu a na-adabere na eserese, ihe kachasị amasị ya kemgbe ọ bụ nwata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gleeson&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-a-nigerian-born-artist-meditates-on-displacement-and-longing-in-salt-water|title=A Nigerian-born Artist Meditates on Displacement and Longing in 'Salt Water'|author=Gleeson|first=Bridget|date=15 December 2015|work=Artsy|accessdate=10 March 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ naanị na kọleji ka ọ hapụrụ eserese, kama ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na nka nke foto na akwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; N'ịbụ onye imewe ákwà, foto, ibipụta akwụkwọ na ụlọ na-emetụta, ọrụ ya na-egosi mbugharị ọdịbendị, nchekasị, na njirimara, nke sitere na mkpali ya &quot;ncheta ya nke Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;marianeibrahim.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://marianeibrahim.com/artists/ruby-onyinyechi-amanze|title=Mariane Ibrahim Gallery {{!}} ruby onyinyechi amanze|work=marianeibrahim.com|language=en-US|accessdate=10 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Artsy&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-30-emerging-artists-to-watch-during-frieze-week|title=30 Emerging Artists to Watch During Frieze Week|date=12 May 2015|work=Artsy|accessdate=10 March 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ndị a na-enyocha echiche nke mbugharị na ịdị adị n'etiti ebe, na-akpali mmetụta nke agụụ ụlọ na agụụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gleeson&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe nrite na ebe obibi ==
Ruby Oinyinyechi Amanze nwetara Fulbright Fellowship na 2012, ma bụrụ onye natara Fulbright Scholars Award for Teaching / Research na [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum]] Nigeria, [[Nsukka]] (2013).&lt;ref name=&quot;artdaily&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;marianeibrahim.com&quot;/&gt;

Site na 2015 ruo 2016 Amanze bụ onye sonyere na Opens Sessions na Drawing Center, New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.drawingcenter.org/en/drawingcenter/574/open-sessions/1375/artists-2016-2017/1395/ruby-onyinyechi-amanze/|title=The Drawing Center {{!}} New York, NY {{!}} Open sessions {{!}} Artists 2016-2017 {{!}} ruby onyinyechi amanze|work=www.drawingcenter.org|language=en|accessdate=24 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amanze bụ onye na-ese ihe na Cooper Union School of Art na New York, NY na 2011, Lower Manhattan Cultural Council site na 2014 ruo 2015, Fountainhead Residency na Miami, Florida na 2015, na Queens Museum na Queens, New York, site na 2016 ruo 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;Artsy&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.queensmuseum.org/artist-opportunities-2|title=Queens Museum|work=www.queensmuseum.org|language=en-US|accessdate=24 February 2018|archivedate=16 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216004837/http://www.queensmuseum.org/artist-opportunities-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ndị ahọpụtara ==
Amanze egosipụtala na mba ụwa. Ihe ngosi ya gụnyere:

* there are even moonbeams we can unfold (2018) na Goodman Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa
* Salt Water (2015) na Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg, South Africa&lt;ref name=&quot;Goodman Gallery&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=ruby onyinyechi amanze / Salt Water / 2015|url=http://www.goodman-gallery.com/exhibitions/590|work=|publisher=Goodman Gallery|accessdate=1 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''astroturf'' rooftop picnics (2015) na Morgan Lehman Gallery, New York, NY&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://rubyamanze.com/resume|title=resume – ruby amanze|work=rubyamanze.com|language=en|accessdate=10 March 2018|archivedate=11 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311140607/http://rubyamanze.com/resume}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* a story. in parts. (2015) na Tiwani Contemporary, London, UK&lt;ref name=&quot;artdaily&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.iam-africa.com/ruby-onyinyechi-amanze-at-tiwani-contemporary/|title=ruby onyinyechi amanze at Tiwani Contemporary - IAM - Intense Art Magazine|date=5 July 2014|work=IAM - Intense Art Magazine|accessdate=24 February 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''The Armory Show Focus'' (2016) na Mariane Ibrahim Gallery, Seattle, WA
* ''STAR FISH'' (2017) na Smack Mellon, Brooklyn, NY&lt;ref name=&quot;Art F City&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://artfcity.com/2017/01/09/this-weeks-must-see-art-events-rejoice-our-times-are-intolerable-and-nasty-women-are-front-and-center/|title=This Week’s Must-See Art Events: Rejoice! Our Times Are Intolerable and Nasty Women Are Front-and-Center|author=Farley|first=Michael Anthony|publisher=Art F City|date=9 January 2017|accessdate=2 February 2018|archivedate=7 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207122831/http://artfcity.com/2017/01/09/this-weeks-must-see-art-events-rejoice-our-times-are-intolerable-and-nasty-women-are-front-and-center/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchịkọta ==
A na-arụ ọrụ ruby onyinyechi amanze na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide gụnyere:

* Deutsche Bank, London, UK
* The Jewish Museum, New York, USA&lt;ref name=&quot;New York Times&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Farago|first=Jason|title=A Museum’s Fresh Take on the Whole Megillah|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/arts/design/jewish-museum-review.html|accessdate=2 February 2018|work=The New York Times|date=25 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The [https://www.studiomuseum.org/ Studio Museum] of Harlem, New York, USA
* Nchịkọta Microsoft
* Montblanc Cultural Foundation,

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
Official website

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20241209232203/https://www.goodman-gallery.com/artists/ruby-onyinyechi-amanze Ruby Onyinyechi Amanze na Goodman Gallery]
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[[Usòrò:James Presley Ball (1825-1904) from Willis 1993 from Mumford 1980.jpg|thumb]]
James Presley Ball, Sr. (Amụrụ n'afọ 1825 &amp;#x2D; rụọ n'onwa Mee 4, afọ 1904) bụ onye ama ama na-ese foto n'Afrịka na Amerịka, onye na-ekpochapụ ihe, na onye ọchụnta ego.&lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|editor=Willis|title=J. P. Ball, Daguerrean and Studio Photographer|publisher=Garland|year=1993|location=New York &amp; London|isbn=0-8153-0716-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mendheim&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Beverly|author=Mendheim|title=Lost and Found: Alice Augusta Ball, an Extraordinary Woman of Hawai'i Nei|work=Northwest Hawai`i Times|date=September 2007|accessdate=August 16, 2009|url=http://www.northwesthawaiitimes.com/hnsept07.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Ball na Frederick County, Virginia, nyere William na Susan Ball n'afọ 1825.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stover&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Stephanie Ferrell|author=Stover|title=Black History Month: Noted Black Photographer James Presley Ball Recognized in Greenbrier Historical Society Archives|work=Huntington News|date=February 26, 2007|accessdate=August 14, 2009|url=http://www.huntingtonnews.net/state/070226-stover-ball.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọ mụtara foto daguerreotype site n'aka John B. Bailey nke Boston, onye dị ka Ball bụ &quot;onye nweere onwe ya nke agba.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hales&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hales, Peter B.|title=Silver Cities: Photographing American Urbanization, 1839-1939, revised and expanded ed.|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque|year=2005|pages=111–116|isbn=0-8263-3178-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P4IR8dqlDHoC&amp;pg=PA111|accessdate=August 16, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ball mepere otu ụlọ ọrụ daguerreotype na Cincinnati, [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]], n'afọ 1845. &lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot; /&gt;Azụmahịa ahụ enweghị ọganihu, ya mere Ball rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ejegharị ejegharị daguerreotypist, na-ebi obere oge na Pittsburgh, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]], mgbe ahụ na Richmond, Virginia n'afọ 1846 iji mepụta ụlọ ọrụ na-aga nke ọma na nso ụlọ Capitol State.&lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1847, Ball gara Ohio ọzọ, ọzọ dị ka onye na-eme njem daguerreotypist.&lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot; /&gt;  O biri na Cincinnati n'afọ 1849 wee mepee ụlọ ọrụ ebe nwanne ya nwoke bụ Thomas Ball ghọrọ onye ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Stover&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Stephanie Ferrell|author=Stover|title=Black History Month: Noted Black Photographer James Presley Ball Recognized in Greenbrier Historical Society Archives|work=Huntington News|date=February 26, 2007|accessdate=August 14, 2009|url=http://www.huntingtonnews.net/state/070226-stover-ball.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFStover2007&quot;&gt;Stover, Stephanie Ferrell (February 26, 2007). [http://www.huntingtonnews.net/state/070226-stover-ball.html &quot;Black History Month: Noted Black Photographer James Presley Ball Recognized in Greenbrier Historical Society Archives&quot;]. ''Huntington News''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;August 14,&lt;/span&gt; 2009&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ, nke a maara dị ka &quot;Ball's Daguerrean Gallery of the West&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Ball's Great Daguerrean Gallery of the West&quot;, rịgoro &quot;site na obere ụlọ ngosi gaa n'otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ngosi nke Midwest. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot; /&gt;Malite n'afọ 1854 ma gaa n'ihu &quot;ruo ihe dị ka afọ anọ,&quot; Robert Seldon Duncanson rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Ball na-emegharị ihe osise na agba foto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ketner&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Emergence of the African-American Artist: Robert S. Duncanson, 1821-1872|author=Ketner|first=Joseph D|year=1993|publisher=University of Missouri Press|location=Columbia|url=https://archive.org/details/emergenceofafric00ketn_0|isbn=0-8262-0880-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/emergenceofafric00ketn_0/page/101 101]–104|accessdate=August 16, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gleason's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion n'afọ 1854 kọwara ụlọ ihe ngosi ahụ dị ka nke na-egosipụta foto 187 nke Ball na ihe osise 6 nke Duncanson; Ọzọkwa, ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ &quot;jupụtara n'ịdị mma na ịma mma,&quot; na mgbidi &quot;nke nwere akwụkwọ ọlaedo na okooko osisi,&quot; &quot;master-piece furniture, piano, na enyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weidman&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Weidman, Jeffrey|title=Artists in Ohio, 1787-1900: a Biographical Dictionary|publisher=Kent State University Press|location=Kent, Ohio|year=2000|pages=41–42|isbn=0-87338-616-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdICm_W8xKwC&amp;pg=PA41|accessdate=August 16, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hales&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hales, Peter B.|title=Silver Cities: Photographing American Urbanization, 1839-1939, revised and expanded ed.|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque|year=2005|pages=111–116|isbn=0-8263-3178-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P4IR8dqlDHoC&amp;pg=PA111|accessdate=August 16, 2009}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHales,_Peter_B.2005&quot;&gt;Hales, Peter B. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=P4IR8dqlDHoC&amp;pg=PA111 ''Silver Cities: Photographing American Urbanization, 1839-1939, revised and expanded ed'']. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. pp.&amp;nbsp;111–116. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-8263-3178-5|&lt;bdi&gt;0-8263-3178-5&lt;/bdi&gt;]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;August 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2009&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ọ dịgodị, Ball meghere galarị di iche nke akporo Ball na Thomas Galarị ya na nwanne di ya bụ Alexander Thomas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stover&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Stephanie Ferrell|author=Stover|title=Black History Month: Noted Black Photographer James Presley Ball Recognized in Greenbrier Historical Society Archives|work=Huntington News|date=February 26, 2007|accessdate=August 14, 2009|url=http://www.huntingtonnews.net/state/070226-stover-ball.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFStover2007&quot;&gt;Stover, Stephanie Ferrell (February 26, 2007). [http://www.huntingtonnews.net/state/070226-stover-ball.html &quot;Black History Month: Noted Black Photographer James Presley Ball Recognized in Greenbrier Historical Society Archives&quot;]. ''Huntington News''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;August 14,&lt;/span&gt; 2009&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  N'afọ 1855, Ball bipụtara akwụkwọ nta na-ekpochapụ ihe na-esonyere ihe osise panoramic dị mita 600 nke akpọrọ &quot;Mammoth Pictorial Tour of the United States Comprising Views of the African Slave Trade&quot;; Duncanson nwere ike isonye na mmepụta nke eserese ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|editor=Willis|title=J. P. Ball, Daguerrean and Studio Photographer|publisher=Garland|year=1993|location=New York &amp; London|isbn=0-8153-0716-0}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWillis1993&quot;&gt;[[Deborah Willis|Willis, Deborah]], ed. (1993). ''J. P. Ball, Daguerrean and Studio Photographer''. New York &amp; London: Garland. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-8153-0716-0|&lt;bdi&gt;0-8153-0716-0&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hales&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hales, Peter B.|title=Silver Cities: Photographing American Urbanization, 1839-1939, revised and expanded ed.|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque|year=2005|pages=111–116|isbn=0-8263-3178-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P4IR8dqlDHoC&amp;pg=PA111|accessdate=August 16, 2009}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHales,_Peter_B.2005&quot;&gt;Hales, Peter B. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=P4IR8dqlDHoC&amp;pg=PA111 ''Silver Cities: Photographing American Urbanization, 1839-1939, revised and expanded ed'']. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. pp.&amp;nbsp;111–116. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-8263-3178-5|&lt;bdi&gt;0-8263-3178-5&lt;/bdi&gt;]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;August 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2009&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ketner&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Emergence of the African-American Artist: Robert S. Duncanson, 1821-1872|author=Ketner|first=Joseph D|year=1993|publisher=University of Missouri Press|location=Columbia|url=https://archive.org/details/emergenceofafric00ketn_0|isbn=0-8262-0880-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/emergenceofafric00ketn_0/page/101 101]–104|accessdate=August 16, 2009}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKetner1993&quot;&gt;Ketner, Joseph D (1993). &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-lock-registration&quot; title=&quot;Free registration required&quot;&gt;[[iarchive:emergenceofafric00ketn_0|''The Emergence of the African-American Artist: Robert S. Duncanson, 1821-1872'']]&lt;/span&gt;. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. pp.&amp;nbsp;[[iarchive:emergenceofafric00ketn_0/page/101|101]]–104. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-8262-0880-0|&lt;bdi&gt;0-8262-0880-0&lt;/bdi&gt;]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;August 16,&lt;/span&gt; 2009&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  N'oge 1855 Ball's daguerreotypes e gosiri na Ohio State Fair na na Ohio Mechanics Annual Exhibition.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stover&quot; /&gt; Na 1856 Ball gara Europe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot; /&gt;Oké ifufe bibiri Ball na Thomas Gallery na Mee 1860, mana e mechara wughachi ya site n'enyemaka nke obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stover&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Akwụkwọ ===

* Ball, James Presley. Njem mara mma nke Ball na United States. Na-agụnye echiche nke ahia ohu nke Afrịka; nke obodo ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na ndịda; nke ogho na ugbo shuga; nke [[Mississippi]], Ohio na Susquehanna Rivers, Niagara Falls, &amp; C. A chịkọtara maka panorama. Cincinnati: Achilles Pugh, 1855.

== Leekwa ==

* List of African-American abolitionists
* [[Alice Augusta Ball|Alice Ball]], nwa nwa</text>
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[[Usòrò:James Presley Ball (1825-1904) from Willis 1993 from Mumford 1980.jpg|thumb]]
James Presley Ball, Sr. (Amụrụ n'afọ 1825 &amp;#x2D; rụọ n'onwa Mee 4, afọ 1904) bụ onye ama ama na-ese foto n'Afrịka na Amerịka, onye na-ekpochapụ ihe, na onye ọchụnta ego.&lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|editor=Willis|title=J. P. Ball, Daguerrean and Studio Photographer|publisher=Garland|year=1993|location=New York &amp; London|isbn=0-8153-0716-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mendheim&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Beverly|author=Mendheim|title=Lost and Found: Alice Augusta Ball, an Extraordinary Woman of Hawai'i Nei|work=Northwest Hawai`i Times|date=September 2007|accessdate=August 16, 2009|url=http://www.northwesthawaiitimes.com/hnsept07.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Ball na Frederick County, Virginia, nyere William na Susan Ball n'afọ 1825.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stover&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Stephanie Ferrell|author=Stover|title=Black History Month: Noted Black Photographer James Presley Ball Recognized in Greenbrier Historical Society Archives|work=Huntington News|date=February 26, 2007|accessdate=August 14, 2009|url=http://www.huntingtonnews.net/state/070226-stover-ball.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọ mụtara foto daguerreotype site n'aka John B. Bailey nke Boston, onye dị ka Ball bụ &quot;onye nweere onwe ya nke agba.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hales&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hales, Peter B.|title=Silver Cities: Photographing American Urbanization, 1839-1939, revised and expanded ed.|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque|year=2005|pages=111–116|isbn=0-8263-3178-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P4IR8dqlDHoC&amp;pg=PA111|accessdate=August 16, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ball mepere otu ụlọ ọrụ daguerreotype na Cincinnati, [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]], n'afọ 1845. &lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot; /&gt;Azụmahịa ahụ enweghị ọganihu, ya mere Ball rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ejegharị ejegharị daguerreotypist, na-ebi obere oge na Pittsburgh, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]], mgbe ahụ na Richmond, Virginia n'afọ 1846 iji mepụta ụlọ ọrụ na-aga nke ọma na nso ụlọ Capitol State.&lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1847, Ball gara Ohio ọzọ, ọzọ dị ka onye na-eme njem daguerreotypist.&lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot; /&gt;  O biri na Cincinnati n'afọ 1849 wee mepee ụlọ ọrụ ebe nwanne ya nwoke bụ Thomas Ball ghọrọ onye ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Stover&quot; /&gt;Ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ, nke a maara dị ka &quot;Ball's Daguerrean Gallery of the West&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Ball's Great Daguerrean Gallery of the West&quot;, rịgoro &quot;site na obere ụlọ ngosi gaa n'otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ngosi nke Midwest. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot; /&gt;Malite n'afọ 1854 ma gaa n'ihu &quot;ruo ihe dị ka afọ anọ,&quot; Robert Seldon Duncanson rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Ball na-emegharị ihe osise na agba foto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ketner&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Emergence of the African-American Artist: Robert S. Duncanson, 1821-1872|author=Ketner|first=Joseph D|year=1993|publisher=University of Missouri Press|location=Columbia|url=https://archive.org/details/emergenceofafric00ketn_0|isbn=0-8262-0880-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/emergenceofafric00ketn_0/page/101 101]–104|accessdate=August 16, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gleason's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion n'afọ 1854 kọwara ụlọ ihe ngosi ahụ dị ka nke na-egosipụta foto 187 nke Ball na ihe osise 6 nke Duncanson; Ọzọkwa, ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ &quot;jupụtara n'ịdị mma na ịma mma,&quot; na mgbidi &quot;nke nwere akwụkwọ ọlaedo na okooko osisi,&quot; &quot;master-piece furniture, piano, na enyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Weidman&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Weidman, Jeffrey|title=Artists in Ohio, 1787-1900: a Biographical Dictionary|publisher=Kent State University Press|location=Kent, Ohio|year=2000|pages=41–42|isbn=0-87338-616-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdICm_W8xKwC&amp;pg=PA41|accessdate=August 16, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hales&quot; /&gt;

Ka ọ dịgodị, Ball meghere galarị di iche nke akporo Ball na Thomas Galarị ya na nwanne di ya bụ Alexander Thomas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stover&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 1855, Ball bipụtara akwụkwọ nta na-ekpochapụ ihe na-esonyere ihe osise panoramic dị mita 600 nke akpọrọ &quot;Mammoth Pictorial Tour of the United States Comprising Views of the African Slave Trade&quot;; Duncanson nwere ike isonye na mmepụta nke eserese ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hales&quot; /&gt;Ohio State Fair na na Ohio Mechanics Annual Exhibition. &lt;ref name=&quot;Stover&quot; /&gt;Na 1856 Ball gara Europe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Willis&quot; /&gt;Oké ifufe bibiri Ball na Thomas Gallery na Mee 1860, mana e mechara wughachi ya site n'enyemaka nke obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stover&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Akwụkwọ ===

* Ball, James Presley. Njem mara mma nke Ball na United States. Na-agụnye echiche nke ahia ohu nke Afrịka; nke obodo ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na ndịda; nke ogho na ugbo shuga; nke [[Mississippi]], Ohio na Susquehanna Rivers, Niagara Falls, &amp; C. A chịkọtara maka panorama. Cincinnati: Achilles Pugh, 1855.

== Leekwa ==

* List of African-American abolitionists
* [[Alice Augusta Ball|Alice Ball]], nwa nwa</text>
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    <title>Peter Eastman (artist)</title>
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[[Usòrò:Peter Eastman, 2012.jpg|thumb]]
'''Peter Eastman''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1976) bụ Ónyé na-ese ihe nà [[South Africa]] bị nà Cape Town .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman - About|url=https://www.petereastman.com/about|work=Peter Eastman|accessdate=16 June 2021|archivedate=29 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929050130/https://www.petereastman.com/about}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;artthrob&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Edmunds|first=Paul|title=Peter Eastman|journal=artthrob|date=August 2008|issue=132|url=http://www.artthrob.co.za/08aug/artbio.html|accessdate=16 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman, Black Portrait|url=http://artcenter.hugovoeten.org/en/highlights/article/394-peter-eastman|work=Art Center Hugo Voeten|publisher=Hugo Voeten museum|accessdate=3 June 2021|archivedate=5 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605073148/http://artcenter.hugovoeten.org/en/highlights/article/394-peter-eastman}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Eastman n'afọ 1976 ọ mà too nà South Africa. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-eweghachi ihe ochie na London, United Kingdom. Ọ gakwara ụlọ akwụkwọ Michaelis nke dị na Mahadum Cape Town.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman, featured|url=https://10and5.com/2014/01/24/featured-peter-eastman/|work=between 10 and 5|publisher=between 10 and 5, Jessica Hunkin|accessdate=3 June 2021|archivedate=3 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603222423/https://10and5.com/2014/01/24/featured-peter-eastman/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 2014, ọ bịdọrọ ilekwasị anya na ihe osise nke ihe osise ọhịa na ikuku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman, Coldstream|url=https://www.omenkaonline.com/must-see-exhibitions-march/|work=Omenka online|publisher=Omenka, Ladun Ogidun|accessdate=3 June 2021|archivedate=4 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604003210/https://www.omenkaonline.com/must-see-exhibitions-march/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A makwaara Eastman màkà ụdị monochromatic pụrụ iche. Ihe oyiyi ndị e debere n'ihe ngosi ndị na-adịghị omimi na-anọgide na-abụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya ruo mgbè ónyé na-ekiri ya nọ n'ọnọdụ ziri ezi maka ìhè iji tụba ihe oyiyi ahụ n'ime relief, na-egosipụta ụda na agba na-agbanwe agbanwe. O yikarịrị ka e ji usoro a mee ihe nke ọma n'ihe osise ya bụ ŌHorse, n'afọ 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;artthrob&quot;/&gt;

N'afọ 2007, Eastman gosipụtara 'Supernature' na gallery whatiftheworld nke Cape Town.&lt;ref name=&quot;Archived copy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.whatiftheworld.com/exhibitions/2007/11/02/super-nature-by-peter-eastman/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2012-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417052656/http://www.whatiftheworld.com/exhibitions/2007/11/02/super-nature-by-peter-eastman/|archivedate=2009-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro íhé osise enamel na acrylic dị na mpempe aluminum, gosipụtara íhé osise nke ụdị nnụnụ dị iche iche metụtara isiokwu nke nkwenkwe ụgha na ihu ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;artthrob&quot;/&gt;

N'afọ 2010, Eastman gosipụtara usoro foto ojii na Primo Marella gallery na Milan, Ịtali, nkè Yacouba Konaté haziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Africa, assume art position|url=https://www.primomarellagallery.com/en/exhibitions/68/africa-assume-art-position/|work=Primo Marella|publisher=Primo Marella gallery|accessdate=3 June 2021|archivedate=3 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603222002/https://www.primomarellagallery.com/en/exhibitions/68/africa-assume-art-position/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara Eastman n'akụkụ ndị omenkà mbà ụwa iri na asaá iji mepụta ihe ngosi màkà 2010 FIFA World Cup na South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Imagining soccer|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2009-12-03-imagining-soccer/|work=Mail&amp;Guardian|publisher=Mail&amp;Guardian|accessdate=3 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, a na-ere ọrụ ahụ na Phillips de Pury na New York City.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ihe osise Africa nke oge a

== Ihe ngosi onwe onye ahọpụtara ==
'''2019''' Tangled Hierarchies, Smac Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman, Tangled Hierarchies|url=https://issuu.com/david8456/docs/art-times-june-2019|work=issu/Art Times|publisher=Art Times Magazine|accessdate=3 June 2021|archivedate=15 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615201950/https://issuu.com/david8456/docs/art-times-june-2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Interconnected Creation, Peter Eastman's Tangled Hierarchies|url=https://artthrob.co.za/2019/06/03/interconnected-creation-peter-eastmans-tangled-hierarchies/#:~:text=In%20a%20sense%2C%20Peter%20Eastman,%2C%20creating%20a%20Tangled%20Hierarchy.%E2%80%9D|work=ArtThrob|publisher=ArtThrob magazine|accessdate=3 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2017''' Coldstream, Smac Gallery, Johannesburg, South Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman, Coldstream|url=https://www.inyourpocket.com/johannesburg/peter-eastman-coldstream_6142e|work=In your pocket johannesburg guide|publisher=In your pocket essential city guides|accessdate=3 June 2021|archivedate=3 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603215607/https://www.inyourpocket.com/johannesburg/peter-eastman-coldstream_6142e}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2016''' Surface Light, Smac Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter Eastman|url=http://www.warreneditions.com/peter-eastman/|work=warren editions|publisher=Warren editions printmakers|accessdate=3 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2014''' Deep China, Smac Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Report from South Africa, Peter Eastman at SMAC gallery in Cape Town|url=https://artreview.com/feature-artthrob-roundup-4-july-2014/|work=ArtReview|publisher=ArtReview magazine|accessdate=3 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Seeing the forest for the trees, Peter Eastman|url=https://artthrob.co.za/Reviews/Tim_Leibbrandt_reviews_Deep_Chine_by_Peter_Eastman_at_SMAC_Art_Gallery_Cape_Town.aspx|work=ArtThrob|publisher=ArtThrob magazine|accessdate=3 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2012''' ''E liri ya na oji na ọcha'', Whatiftheworld gallery, Cape Town, South Africa

'''2010''' ''Ndụ dị mkpụmkpụ'', WhatiftheworldIFTHEWORLD gallery, Cape Town, South Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.whatiftheworld.com/exhibitions/2010/08/25/life-is-short-by-peter-eastman/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2012-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210114122/http://www.whatiftheworld.com/exhibitions/2010/08/25/life-is-short-by-peter-eastman/|archivedate=2012-02-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2010''' ''Maka oge'' nke ndụ ha, Co-Op gallery, Johannesburg, South Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.co-opjoburg.com/program/2010/02/11/peter-eastman-for-the-term-of-their-natural-lives/|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2012-08-11|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130119172724/http://www.co-opjoburg.com/program/2010/02/11/peter-eastman-for-the-term-of-their-natural-lives/|archivedate=2013-01-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2009''' ''Peter Eastman'' Landscapes, Aardklop National arts festival, Potchefstroom, South Africa&lt;ref&gt;[[The North-West University Gallery]]&lt;/ref&gt;

'''2008''' Shadow Paintings, Obert nke oge a, Johannesburg, South Africa

Supernature, Whatiftheworld gallery, Cape Town, South Africa&lt;ref name=&quot;Archived copy&quot;/&gt;

'''2007''' Black Paintings, Obert Contemporary, Johannesburg, South Africa

'''2004''' Reflective, Stevenson Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.stevenson.info/exhibitions/eastman/eastman.htm|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2012-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620152054/http://stevenson.info/exhibitions/eastman/eastman.htm|archivedate=2013-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* [https://archive.today/20130422024117/http://www.printgallery.co.za/intro.php?users_id=811 Ebe obibi akwụkwọ South Africa]
* [http://issuu.com/arttimes/docs/business-art-march-10 Isiokwu] na Business Art

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>James Latimer Allen</title>
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[[Usòrò:RichmondBarthe.jpg|thumb]]
'''James Latimer Allen''' (1907-1977), bụ onye na-ese foto na onye na-ede foto nke a maara maka ihe oyiyi ya nke Harlem Renaissance nke ndi afọ 1920s na afọ 1930s.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Allen na New York City, na ngwụcha afọ 1920 ọ wuru ụlọ foto ebe a na-ese foto ọtụtụ ndị isi site n'oge ahụ. N'etiti ndị o sere foto gụnyere Langston Hughes, [[Paul Robeson]], Alain Locke, na Carl Van Vechten.

== Ọrụ nka ==
Dị ka onye na-enyocha nka nke ''New York Times'' William Zimmer si kwuo, ọrụ Allen nyeere aka &quot;ịkwado mmalite&quot; nke &quot;The New Negro&quot; nkà ihe ọmụma nke oge ahụ. Ọrụ ya gosipụtara &quot;otu ebumnuche&quot; nke o kwenyere na ọ na-ejide echiche a nke onye isi ala, onye Afrịka-Amerịka gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma. Ihe niile ọ na-ese na-eyi uwe nke ọma, ma na-ese foto n'ụzọ dị nro, nke yiri nke foto nke ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi n'oge ahụ. A na-akpọ ihe oyiyi ndị a ihe osise dị iche iche, ma gosipụta ndị dị mkpa na Harlem Renaissance dịka Langston Hughes na Countee Cullen.

Ọrụ Allen pụtara n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ a ma ama site n'aka ndị na-akwado na ndị na-agbachitere Harlem Renaissance movement, dị ka The Opportunity, The Messenger, na The Crisis.&lt;ref&gt;''Yale Bulletin and Calendar'', Vol. 27, No. 18, January 25 – February 1, 1999.&lt;/ref&gt; E gosipụtara ya na ihe nkiri ndi afọ 1930 A Study of Negro Artists, ya na Richmond Barthé, Aaron Douglas, Palmer Hayden, William Ellisworth Artis, Malvin Gray Johnson, [[Augusta Savage]], Lois Mailou Jones, na Georgette Seabrooke, na ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;[[iarchive:study_of_negro_artists|''A Study of Negro Artists'']] at Internet Archive.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/561208/A-Study-of-Negro-Artists/full-synopsis.html &quot;A Study of Negro Artists (1937)&quot;] at TCM.&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka Camara Dia Holloway dere &quot;Allen, James Latimer&quot; na-egosi na Allen debanyere aha na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ.

== Mgbasa ozi mgbe ọ nwụsịrị ==
E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Yale University Art Gallery n'afọ 1999. Harmon Foundation nyere ya ihe nrite $ 50 maka ọrụ ya na foto dị ka onye na-ese ihe Negro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Edward A. Jewell|title=ART: Work of Negro Artists on View. Exhibition by Anne Goldthwaite. Other Art Shows|work=The New York Times|date=February 17, 1931|page=29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, a na-ekwu na ihe ngosi ahụ n'afọ 1933, anaghị anọchite anya ọrụ ndị na-ese ihe Negro na-arụ na mba niile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Edward A. Jewell|title=NEW DISPLAY MADE OF ART OF NEGROES: Exhibition at New School Has Fewer Entries, but Shows Interesting Subjects|work=The New York Times|date=May 1, 1934|page=21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Onyama Laura</title>
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

Onyama Laura (amụrụ '''Onyama Laura''' Anyeni na 14 Ọktoba 1992) bụ onye [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] na-eme ihe nkiri. N'afọ 2017, ọ meriri ihe nrite CAMIFF Best Actress na Best Cameroonian actress na Ecrans Noirs Film Festival nke afọ 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cameroonnewsagency.com/meet-onyama-laura-camif-best-actress-2017/|title=Meet Onyama Laura, CAMIFF Best Actress 2017 - Cameroon News Agency|date=27 June 2017|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/veteran-actor-ramsey-nouah-attends-the-cameroon-international-film-festival-see-full-list-of-winners/|title=Veteran Actor Ramsey Nouah Attends The Cameroon International Film Festival + See Full List of Winners - BellaNaija|work=www.bellanaija.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Laura Onyama: A Star Is Born|url=https://www.cameroon-tribune.cm/articles/601/fr/laura-onyama-a-star-is-born|work=cameroontribune|date=23  August  2016|accessdate=28  August  2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Laura, malitere ime ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri nke mmiri ozuzo n'afọ 2011, nke ọnwụ n'afọ 2015 na ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke National Actors' Guild of Cameroon Limbe branch (NAGCAM)&lt;ref name=&quot;cameroon-tribune.cm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cameroon-tribune.cm/articles/601/fr/laura-onyama-a-star-is-born|title=Cameroon-Tribune|work=www.cameroon-tribune.cm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ndụ ==
A mụrụ ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ Buea n'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1992, nwa nwanyị Onyama Judith. Ọ malitere ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya na Buea ma mesịa kwaga Yaounde, N'afọ 2009 o nwere nzere na Linguistic na Mahadum Buea . Ọ bụ nwa afọ Basossi nke Southwest Region (Cameroon) na Oshie na Northwest Region (Kameroon).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.whoiswhoincameroon.com/2016/05/onyama-laura.html|title=Onyama Laura|work=www.whoiswhoincameroon.com|accessdate=2022-06-17|archivedate=2024-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225232137/http://www.whoiswhoincameroon.com/2016/05/onyama-laura.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cameroonweb.com/CameroonHomePage/entertainment/Laura-Onyama-a-star-is-born-385612|title=Laura Onyama: a star is born|work=www.cameroonweb.com|accessdate=2022-06-17|archivedate=2017-08-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828145750/https://www.cameroonweb.com/CameroonHomePage/entertainment/Laura-Onyama-a-star-is-born-385612}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Laura, zụlitere mmasị n'ime ihe nkiri n'afọ 2009 na ngosipụta mbụ ya na ihe nkiri bụ na 2011 Heavy Rain .&lt;ref name=&quot;cameroon-tribune.cm&quot;/&gt;
Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Cameroon Film Guild na alaka Limbe

== Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ ==

* ''Oké mmiri ozuzo nke Chando Daniel bụ2011)''
* ''Onye'' nnupụisi Pilgrimby Chinepoh Cosson
* Rumbleby Billybob Ndive
* ''Kiss nke ọnwụ site na Musing Derrick''
* Ward Z nke Itambi Delphine
* Dirt Roads nke Enah Johnscott
* Enah Johnscott wepụrụ ya
* Okporo ámá chọọchị nke Nkanya Nkwai
* Saving Mbango site n'aka Nkanya Nkwai
* Akwụkwọ Diary nke onye ọkụ azụ site

== Onyinyé na Nsọpụrụ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe nrite
!Ụdị
!Onye Nwetara ya
!Nsonaazụ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ecrans Noirs Film Festival (Nwanyị Cameroon kacha mma na-eme ihe nkiri )
|Cameroon
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ya onwe ya
| {{Won}}
|-
|
 |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2017
|Emume ihe nkiri mba ụwa nke Cameroon (CAMIFF)
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |Ya onwe ya
| {{Won}}
|-
|}

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Cameroon
* Ihe nkiri nke Cameroon

== Edemsibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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James P. Newton bụ ónyé na-ese foto na Memphis, Tennessee. A maara ya dị ka ónyé na-ese foto nke mbụ n'ọbọdọ ahụ na dịka ónyé na-ede akụkọ ihe méré eme nke ọbọdọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jenkins|first=Earnestine Lovelle|title=Race, Representation &amp; Photography in 19th-Century Memphis – From Slavery to Jim Crow|date=February 28, 2016|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9781409468196|pages=280}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ n'ime foto kaadị ya ka dị gụnyere na nchịkọta Mahadum Memphis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jenkins|first=Earnestine|date=January 11, 2017|title=The Benjamin L. Hooks Institute for Social Change at the University of Memphis|url=https://blogs.memphis.edu/benhooksinstitute/2017/01/|accessdate=April 23, 2021|work=[[University of Memphis]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Newton nwere ala na Chicago ma soro nwanne ya nwoke Charles jikọọ aka mepụta Newton &amp; Newton. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ màkà nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ n'oge ọrụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jenkins|first=Earnestine|date=February 27, 2018|title=Portrait of Annie Sybil Thomas Jarret by James P. Newton – First Black Professional Photographer in Memphis|url=https://protect.chickhistory.org/tag/james-p-newton/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125192339/https://protect.chickhistory.org/tag/james-p-newton/|archivedate=January 25, 2020|accessdate=April 23, 2021|work=protect.chickhistory.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O gosipụtara na Sprakling Gems of Race Knowledge Worth Knowing (1897), tinyere onyinyo ya. G. P. Hamilton dere banyéré ya na The Bright Side of Memphis (1908).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

O nwèrè ụlọ ọrụ na 134 South Main na mgbè ahụ Beale Street.&lt;ref name=&quot;list&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cabinet Card Photos and the Historic Memphis Photographers|url=https://historic-memphis.com/memphis/cabinet-cards/cabinet-cards.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717191538/https://historic-memphis.com/memphis/cabinet-cards/cabinet-cards.html|archivedate=July 17, 2020|accessdate=April 23, 2021|work=historic-memphis.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Memphis Heritage Trail gụnyere saịtị metụtara ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://memphisheritagetrail.com/maps/|title=Maps &amp;#124; Memphis Heritage Trail}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Omar Sharif</title>
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{{Databox}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Omar''' Sharif[lower-alpha 1] (Arabic: عمر الشريف Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ˈːomɑɾ eʃʃɪˈɾiːf]; a mụrụ '''Michel Yusef Dimitri Chalhoub''' , 10 Eprel 1932 ː 10 Julaị 2015) bụ [[Actor|onye]] Egypt na-eme ihe nkiri, nke a na-ewere n'ozuzu ya dịka otu n'ime ndị nwoke kachasị na fim na mba  ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Legendary Egyptian actor Omar Sharif dies at 83|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2015/7/10/legendary-egyptian-actor-omar-sharif-dies-at-83|accessdate=2021-10-28|work=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Remembering Omar Sharif's Egyptian movie career before Hollywood came along|url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-07-15/remembering-omar-sharifs-egyptian-movie-career-hollywood-came-along|accessdate=2021-10-28|work=The World from PRX|language=en|archivedate=2015-10-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031201759/http://www.pri.org/stories/2015-07-15/remembering-omar-sharifs-egyptian-movie-career-hollywood-came-along}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Berkvist|first=Robert|date=2015-07-10|title=Omar Sharif, 83, a Star in ‘Lawrence of Arabia’ and ‘Doctor Zhivago,’ Dies|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/11/movies/omar-sharif-a-star-in-dr-zhivago-dies-at-83.html|accessdate=2021-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na mba ya n'afọ ndị 1950, mana a maara ya nke ọma maka ngosipụta ya na British, American, French, na Italian productions. Ọrụ ya gụnyere ihe karịrị 100 ihe nkiri gafere afọ 50, ma wetara ya ọtụtụ otuto gụnyere Golden Globe Awards atọ na César Award maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma.        

Sharif so Peter O'Toole rụọ ọrụ dịka Sherif Ali na David Lean epic ''Lawrence'' of Arabia (1962), nke mere ka a họpụta ya na Academy Award maka onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kacha mma, ma gosipụta ọrụ aha na Lean's Doctor Zhivago (1965), na-eme ka ọ nweta Golden Globe maka onye na'eme ihe nkiri kacha kyau. Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme ihe nkiri ịhụnanya, na ihe nkiri dị ka Funny Girl (1968) na The Tamarind Seed (1974), na ndị akụkọ ihe mere eme dịka ndị otu aha na ''Genghis Khan'' (1965) na ''Che''! (1969). Ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ya gara n'ihu ruo n'oge agadi, yana mgbanwe a nabatara nke ọma dịka onye Alakụba Turkish na ihe nkiri French Monsieur Ibrahim (2003). O mere ihe nkiri ikpeazụ ya n'afọ 2015, afọ ọ nwụrụ. 

== Mmalite ndụ ==
Sharif, onye aha nna ya pụtara &quot;onye a ma ama&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;onye a na-akpọ ama&quot;, a mụrụ '''Michael Yusef Dimitri Chalhoub''' (Arabic:  ) na Alexandria, Alaeze nke Egypt (nke bụzi [[Egypt|Arab Republic]] of Egypt), n'ezinụlọ Melkite Catholic nke sitere na Lebanọn, na-eme ka ya na ezinụlọ ya bụrụ ndị Antiochan Greek Christian (nke a makwaara dị ka Rûm).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Khakpour|first=Porochista|title=Tremors: New Fiction by Iranian American Writers|publisher=University of Arkansas Press|year=2013|isbn=9781557289957|editor=Anita Amirrezvani|chapter=In the House of Desire, Honey, Marble, and Dream|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=WvumDbreJUoC&amp;q=sharif+omar+noble+arabic&amp;pg=PA116}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|editor=Adel Iskander|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mSWPSDQgRvIC&amp;q=sharif+omar+noble+arabic&amp;pg=PT280|title=Edward Said: A Legacy of Emancipation and Representation|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|accessdate=10 July 2015|isbn=9780520245464|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;muslim-encyclopedia&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owZCMZpYamMC&amp;pg=PA198|title=Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History|first=Edward E.|author=Curtis|publisher=Facts on File|year=2010|isbn=978-0816075751}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Independent&quot;&gt;[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/omar-sharif-it-is-a-great-film-but-im-not-very-good-in-it-8326440.html &quot;Omar Sharif: 'It is a great film, but I'm not very good in it'&quot;], ''[[The Independent]]''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Gates|first=Henry Louis|date=2012|title=Dictionary of African biography- Volumes 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&amp;q=Sharif+Lebanese&amp;pg=RA4-PA355|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=355–357|isbn=9780195382075}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rastegar|first=Kamra|title=Omar Sharif: Alluringly cosmopolitan, unapologetically Arab|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/7/10/omar-sharif-a-kind-of-cosmopolitan.html|publisher=Al Jazeera America|accessdate=1 December 2016|date=10 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nna ya, Yusef Chalhoub, onye na-ere osisi dị oké ọnụ ahịa, na nne ya kwagara n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Alexandria na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 site na Zahle na [[Lebanon|Lebanọn]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 10, 2017|title=Peek into Omar Sharif's life|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/10857/Peek-into-Omar-Sharif%E2%80%99s-life|work=Egypt Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; A mụrụ Sharif mgbe e mesịrị na Alexandria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Lara|author=Marlowe|date=8 May 2014|title=Omar Sharif: from desert prince to alone in Paris|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/omar-sharif-from-desert-prince-to-alone-in-paris-1.1787034|work=[[The Irish Times]]|accessdate=12 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinụlọ ya kwagara Cairo mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ. Nne ya, Claire Saada, bụ onye ama ama na-elekọta ndị ọbịa, Eze Farouk nke Egypt  bụ onye nleta oge niile tupu ewepụ ya n'afọ 1952.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC obit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-26277821|title=Obituary: Omar Sharif|date=10 July 2015|accessdate=10 July 2015|work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ==

=== Onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'Ijipt ===
N'afọ 1954, Sharif malitere ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ya n'[[Egypt]] site na ọrụ na ''Sira' Fi al-Wadi'' (1954) (&quot;Mgbalị na Ndagwurugwu&quot;). Ọ nọkwa na ''Shaytan Al-Sahra'' (&quot;Ekwensu nke Ọzara&quot;).

Ọ ghọrọ onye ama ama ngwa ngwa, na-apụta na Our Beautiful Days (1955), The Lebanese Mission (1956) (ihe nkiri French), Struggle in the Pier (1956), Sleepless ([[1957]]) (&quot;[La Anam]&quot;), Land of Peace ([[1957]]), ''Goha'' ([[1958]]) (ihe nkiri [[Tunisia|Tunisian]] nke gosipụtara ''mmalite'' nke Claudia Cardinale), Strugcle on the Nile (1958), A Beginning and an End (1960), A Rumor of Love (1960), Sayy al-Qasidat (1960), ''Anna Karenina'' adaptation The River of Love (&quot;Nahr El Zul-H). Ya na nwunye ya so mee ihe nkiri n'ọtụtụ ihe nkiri dị ka ndị na-ahụ n'anya. Sharif nwere ihe ịga nke ọma site na ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ dị ka Struggle on the Nile (1959), A Rumor of Love (1960), na There is a man in our House (1961), nke mere ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu onye na-asọ mpi na Salah Zulfikar, [[Shoukry Sarhan]] na [[Rushdy Abaza]], ndị dike ihe nkiri Egypt n'oge ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11353604/Faten-Hamama-actress-obituary.html|title=Faten Hamama, actress – obituary|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=18 January 2015|accessdate=10 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Omar_Sharif_66ème_Festival_de_Venise_(Mostra)_4.jpg|thumb|Sharif na Venice Film Festival na 2009.]]

== Ndụ onwe ==
[[Usòrò:Ard_elsalam.jpg|thumb|Ihe nkiri sitere na ihe nkiri Land of Peace (1957).]]
Sharif biri n'Egypt site na mgbe a mụrụ ya ruo mgbe ọ kwagara Europe n'afọ 1965.&lt;ref&gt;Sharif, Omar (1977), ''The Eternal Male: My Own Story'', Doubleday, New York, 1st Ed., p. 41.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ kọrọ na n'afọ 1932, nna ya &quot;abụghị nwoke bara ọgaranya&quot;, mana &quot;ọ nwetara ego buru ibu&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Sharif, Omar (1977), ''The Eternal Male: My Own Story'', Doubleday, New York, 1st Ed., pp. 45–46.&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu Mgbanwe Egypt  nke 1952, Eze Farouk na-agakarị n'ụlọ ezinụlọ Sharif, wee bụrụ enyi na onye egwuregwu kaadị nke nne Sharif. Nne ya bụ onye ọbịa mara mma ma mara mma nke nwere obi ụtọ na njikọ ahụ n'ihi na o nyere ya ihe ùgwù nke &quot;ịkwado naanị ndị isi&quot; nke ọha mmadụ Ijipt. Sharif kọwakwara na azụmaahịa osisi nke nna ya nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'oge ahụ n'ụzọ Sharif kọwara dịka ndị na-adịghị akwụwa aka ọtọ ma ọ bụ omume rụrụ arụ.&lt;ref&gt;Sharif, Omar (1977), ''The Eternal Male: My Own Story'', Doubleday, New York, 1st Ed., p. 46.&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụzọ dị iche, mgbe afọ 1952 gasịrị, Sharif kwuru na akụ na ụba gbanwere aka n'Egyptn'okpuru iwu mba Nasser na azụmahịa nna ya &quot;mere ihe&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Sharif, Omar (1977), ''The Eternal Male: My Own Story'', Doubleday, New York, 1st Ed., p. 98.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1954, Sharif pụtara na ihe nkiri Struggle in the Valley na Faten Hamama, onye ya na ya nwekọrọ ọnụ ọ bụ ezie na ọ jụrụ isusu ọnụ na ihuenyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Al-Shafii|first=Alaa|title=Egyptian Movie Icon Faten Hamama's Extraordinary Life and Career|url=http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/23281|accessdate=11 July 2015|work=[[Al Akhbar (Lebanon)|Al Akhbar]]|date=19 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha abụọ hụrụ onwe ha n'anya; Sharif ghọrọ onye Alakụba, gbanwee aha ya, wee lụọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Darwish|first=Mustafa|title=Dream Makers on the Nile: A Portrait of Egyptian Cinema|year=1998|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-977-424-429-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha nwere otu nwa nwoke, Tarek Sharif, amụrụ n'afọ 1957 na Egypt, onye pụtara na Doctor Zhivago dịka Yuri mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ. Di na nwunye ahụ kewara n'afọ 1966 ma alụmdi na nwunye ha biri na ịgba alụkwaghịm n'afọ 1974.&lt;ref name=&quot;youtube2&quot;&gt;Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/gYD0LTKaFc4 Ghostarchive] and the {{Cite web|author=AlJazeeraEnglish|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYD0LTKaFc4&amp;feature=related|title=Riz Khan – Omar Sharif|date=10 Oct 2007|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=18 November 2012|archivedate=14 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314055643/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYD0LTKaFc4&amp;feature=related}}: {{Cite web|author=AlJazeeraEnglish|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYD0LTKaFc4|title=Riz Khan – Omar Sharif|date=10 Oct 2007|publisher=YouTube|accessdate=18 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sharif alụghị di ọzọ; o kwuru na mgbe ịgba alụkwaghịm ya gasịrị, ọ hụghị nwanyị ọzọ n'anya ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;youtube2&quot; /&gt; Tupu ịgba alụkwaghịm ha, Sharif lụrụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Pat Sheehan na Dodie Marshall.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url={{Google books|LongDwAAQBAJ|page=49|plainurl=yes}}|title=Pat: A Biography of Hollywood's Blonde Starlet|first=Samuel|author=Clemens|publisher=Sequoia Press|year=2020|isbn=978-0578682822}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ihe nkiri
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ihe edeturu
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1954
|''Shaytan al-Sahra''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/131045/Arts--Culture/Film/Egyptian-film-icon-Omar-Sharif-has-Alzheimer%E2%80%99s.aspx|title=Egyptian film icon Omar Sharif has Alzheimer's|work=Al-Ahram|date=24 May 2015|accessdate=10 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Essam
|A makwaara ya dị ka ''Ekwensu nke Sahara''
|-
|''Ọ bụ n'ihi Fi al-Wadi''
|Ahmed
|A makwaara ya dị ka The Blazing Sun, Struggle in the Valley na Fight in the Valley
|-
|1955
|''Ayyamna al-Holwa''
|Ahmed
|A makwaara ya dị ka Our Best Days
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1956
|''Châtelaine nke Lebanọn''
|Mokrir
|A makwaara ya dị ka The Lebanese Mission; a na-akpọ ya Omar Cherif
|-
|''N'ihi Fi al-Mina''
|Ragab
|A makwaara ya dị ka A Fight Within the Port
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1957
|''Osimiri Anam''
|Aziz
|A makwaara ya dị ka Sleepless na No Tomorrow
|-
|''Ard al-Salam''
|Ahmed
|A makwaara ya dị ka ''Ala Udo''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1958
|''Goha''
|Goha
|E nyere ya aha Omar Cherif
|-
|''Shatie onye asrar''
|Mamdoh
|A makwaara ya dị ka Beach of Secrets
|-
|''Ghaltet habibi''
|Salah
|A makwaara ya dị ka My Lover's Fault
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |1959
|''Siraa fil Nil''&lt;ref name=&quot;An-Nahar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.annahar.com/article/251289-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81|title=ساحر السينما عمر الشريف أنهى المشهد الأخير في هذه الحياة|publisher=[[An-Nahar]]|date=10 July 2015|accessdate=10 July 2015|archivedate=1 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201163103/https://www.annahar.com/article/251289-%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Muhassab
|A makwaara ya dị ka ọgụ na Naịl
|-
|''Sayyidat al-Qasr''
|Adel
|A makwaara ya dị ka Lady of the Palace
|-
|''Mkpịsị aka m''
|Shokri
|A makwaara ya dị ka For a Woman
|-
|''Maweed maa maghoul''
|Madgi
|A makwaara ya dị ka ''nhọpụta na'' ndị a na-amaghị ama
|-
|''Fadiha nwa Zamalek''
|Ahmed
|A makwaara ya dị ka ''Scandel na'' ''Zamalek''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1960
|''Nahna onye talamiza''
|Adel
|A makwaara ya dị ka ''Anyị bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ''
|-
|''Lawet ebe a na-anọ''
|Hasan
|A makwaara ya dị ka ''ọrịa ịhụnanya''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |1961
|''Gharam el assiad''
|Essam Murad
|A makwaara ya dị ka Ịhụnanya Masters
|-
|''Bidaya wa Nihaya''
|Onye Hassanian
|A makwaara ya dị ka A Beginning and an End
|-
|''Esha'a hob''
|Hussein
|A makwaara ya dị ka A Rumor of Love
|-
|''Nahr al-Hob''
|Khalid
|A makwaara ya dị ka ''Osimiri'' nke Ịhụnanya
|-
|''Hobi al-Wahid''
|Captain Adel
|A makwaara ya dị ka My Only Love
|-
|''Fi Baytouna Ragoul''&lt;ref name=&quot;An-Nahar&quot; /&gt;
|Ibrahim
|A makwaara ya dị ka ''في بيتنا'' কথ na A Man in our House
|-
|1962
|''Lawrence nke Arebia''
|Sherif Ali
|Ihe nrite Golden Globe maka onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kacha mma&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Ihe nkiri Golden Globe Award maka New Star of the Year Onye na-eme ihe nkiri A họpụtara Academy Award maka onye na na-akwado onye na-eme egwuregwu kacha mma&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1964
|''Ọdịda nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom''
|Sohamus
|
|-
|''Lee Ịnyịnya Na-acha Nri''
|Francisco
|
|-
|''Rolls-Royce Yellow''
|Davich
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |1965
|''Genghis Khan''
|Genghis Khan
|
|-
|''Marco Onye Ukwu''
|Sheik Alla Hou, 'Ifufe Ọzara'
|
|-
|''Dọkịta Zhivago''
|Dr. Yuri Andreyevich Zhivago
|Ihe nrite Golden Globe maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma
|-
|''Mamalik''
|Ahmed
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1967
|''N'abalị nke ndị ọchịagha''
|Nnukwu Grau
|
|-
|''Karịa Ọrụ Ebube''
|Prince Rodrigo Fernandez
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1968
|''Nwa agbọghọ na-atọ ọchị''
|Nicky Arnstein
|
|-
|''Mayerling''
|Archduke Rudolf
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |1969
|''Ọlaedo Mackenna''
|John Colorado
|
|-
|''Nhọpụta ahụ''
|Frenderico Fendi
|
|-
|''Che!''
|Che Guevara
|
|-
|''Ndị ikom atọ nọ n'elu ịnyịnya''
|Onye Na-eme Njem Njem
|Enweghị aha
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1971
|''Ndagwurugwu Ikpeazụ''
|Vogel
|
|-
|''Ndị Na-agba Ịnyịnya''
|Uraz
|
|-
|''Ndị Ozu ohi''
|Ebel Zekaraya
|A gbara ya n'otu oge na French dị ka Le Casse na otu ndị na-eme ihe nkiri
|-
|1972
|''Ikike Ịhụnanya''
|Pita
|
|-
|1973
|''Àgwàetiti Dị Iche Iche''
|Captain Nemo
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1974
|''Mkpụrụ Tamarind''
|Feodor Sverdlov
|
|-
|''Juggernaut''
|Captain Alex Brunel
|
|-
|1975
|''Nwanyị Na-atọ Egwu''
|Nicky Arnstein
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1976
|''Ace Up My Aka''
|Andre Ferren
|A makwaara ya dị ka ''Mpụ na Mmasị''
|-
|''Pink Panther na-awakpo ọzọ''
|Onye Ijipt na-egbu egbu
|Cameo; a na-edeghị aha ya
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1979
|''Ashanti: Ala nke Enweghị Ebere''
|Prince Hassan
|
|-
|''Akụkọ ọbara''
|Ivo Palazzi
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1980
|S*H*E&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AKlgjBCPPnsC&amp;q=omar+sharif+security+hazards+expert&amp;pg=PA358|title=Encyclopedia of Television Series, Pilots and Specials, Volume 2|publisher=VNR AG|author=Terrace, Vincent|year=1985|isbn=9780918432612}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Baron Cesare Magnasco
|A makwaara ya dị ka S*H*E: Security Hazards Expert
|-
|''Mgbọ Baltimore''
|Deacon ahụ
|
|-
|''Oh! Nkịta Eluigwe''
|Malcolm Bart
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1981
|''Ice na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ''
|Meno Argenti
|
|-
|''Inchon''
|Onye ọrụ India
|Cameo; a na-edeghị aha ya
|-
|1983
|''Ayoub''
|
|
|-
|1984
|''Ihe Nzuzo Kasị Elu!''
|Onye Ọrụ Cedric
|
|-
|1987
|''Nnukwu Izu Ozu''
|Rashid Saud
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1988
|''Ndị E Nwere''
|Stepan
|A makwaara ya dị ka Les Possédés
|-
|''Pyramids na-acha anụnụ anụnụ''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.europe1.fr/culture/arielle-dombasle-omar-sharif-legendaire-et-tourmente-1366916|title=Arielle Dombasle : Omar Sharif, &quot;légendaire&quot; et &quot;tourmenté&quot;|publisher=[[Europe 1]]|date=10 July 2015|accessdate=10 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711213824/http://www.europe1.fr/culture/arielle-dombasle-omar-sharif-legendaire-et-tourmente-1366916|archivedate=11 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Alex
|A makwaara ya dị ka The Novice
|-
|''Isi Ihe Maka Nnwere Onwe''
|Jọtan
|
|-
|1989
|''Al-aragoz'' [ihe e dere n'ala]
|Mohamed Gad El Kareem
|A makwaara ya dị ka The Puppeteer
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1990
|''Ugwu nke Ọnwa''
|Sultan
|Enweghị aha
|-
|''Viaggio d'amore''
|Ọgaranya
|
|-
|''Onye Ozu Okpokoro''
|Dima
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1991
|''Agha n'Ala Ijipt''
|
|A makwaara ya dị ka El ''Mowaten Masri'' na An Egyptian Citizen
|-
|''Mayrig''
|Hagop
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1992
|''588 Paradise Street''
|Hagop
|A makwaara ya dị ka ''Nne''
|-
|''Karịa Ikpe Ziri Ezi''
|Emir Beni-Zair
|
|-
|''Tengoku no Taizai''
|Tsai Mang Hua
|
|-
|1993
|''Dehk anyị na-ad anyị hob''&lt;ref name=&quot;An-Nahar&quot; /&gt;
|
|A makwaara ya dị ka ọchị, egwuregwu, ịdị njọ na ịhụnanya
|-
|1996
|''Lebanọn...Onye Ebube A tụrụ Mkpọrọ''
|Onwe ya
|Ihe nkiri
|-
|1997
|''Eluigwe Tupu M Anwụ''
|Kahlil Gibran
|
|-
|1998
|''Ihe omimi nke Ijipt''
|Nna nna
|Ihe nkiri
|-
|1999
|''Onye Agha nke Iri na Atọ''
|Melchisideck
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2001
|''Onye nyocha''
|
|
|-
|''Onye Ọchịchị Okwu''
|Victor
|
|-
|2003
|''Maazị Ibrahim''
|Maazị Ibrahim
|César Award maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma
|-
|2004
|''Hidalgo''
|Sheikh Riyadh
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2006
|''Fuoco ya nyere m''
|Onye isi ala Nicola
|
|-
|''Otu N'abalị Mụ na Eze''
|Prince Memucan
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2008
|''10,000 BC''
|Onye na-akọ akụkọ
|Olu
|-
|''Hassan na Marcus''
|Hassan / Morcus
|A makwaara ya dị ka ''Hassan wa Morcus''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2009
|''Onye Njem ahụ''
|Onye Okenye Hassan
|A maara ya nke ọma dị ka ''Al Mosafer''
|-
|''Echefuola m ịgwa gị''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lindependant.fr/2015/07/10/quand-omar-sharif-tournait-dans-les-p-o-j-ai-oublie-de-te-dire-et-jouait-les-supporteurs-de-l-usap,2057452.php|title=Quand Omar Sharif tournait dans les P.-O. &quot;J'ai oublié de te dire&quot; et jouait les supporteurs de l'USAP|work=[[L'Indépendant (Pyrénées-Orientales)|L'Indépendant]]|date=10 July 2015|accessdate=10 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Jaume
|A makwaara ya dị ka I Forgot to Tell You
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2013
|''Obí Dị Elu n'Ịtali''
|Onwe ya
|
|-
|''Nkume nke Casbah''
|Moulay Hassan
|
|-
|2015
|''1001 Ihe e mepụtara na Ụwa nke Ibn Al-Haytham''
|Nna nna
|Ọrụ nduzi ihe nkiri (ọrụ ihe nkiri ikpeazụ)&lt;ref name=&quot;Examiner&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/celebrity/omar-sharif-star-lawrence-arabia-dies-heart-attack-83-n389936|title=Omar Sharif, Star of 'Lawrence of Arabia,' Dies of Heart Attack at 83|publisher=NBC.com|accessdate=July 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Telivishọn
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Ọrụ
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Ihe edeturu
|-
|1966
|''Poppy bụkwa okooko osisi''
|Dr. Rad
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1973
|''Àgwàetiti Dị Iche Iche''
|Captain Nemo
|Miniserie TV; nke a makwaara dị ka L'Ile Mysterieuse
|-
|1980
|''Obí Obi Ụtọ''
|Louis Lefevre
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1984
|''Ogige Ndị Dị N'Ebe Dị N'Otu''
|Nna Koda
|Miniserie TV, nke dabeere na The Far Pavilions
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1985
|''Okirikiri Obi Ọjọọ''
|Joseph Garcin
|Egwuregwu TV
|-
|''Ọnụ Ọsọ Ifufe''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=IMdb: Edge of the Wind|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1220210/|accessdate=9 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|McCorquodale
|Egwuregwu TV nke Don Webb, ya na John Mills na Lucy Gutteridge
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1986
|''Peter Onye Ukwu''
|Prince Feodor Romodanovsky
|Obere ihe nkiri TV
|-
|''Ndị inyom''
|Sultan Hassan
|Obere ihe nkiri TV
|-
|''Anastasia: Ihe Omimi nke Anna''
|Eze Nicholas nke Abụọ
|Obere ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1991
|''Ihe Ndị Na-echeta Midnight''
|Constantine Demiris
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1992
|''Oriakụ 'Arris Na-aga Paris''
|Marquis Hippolite
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1995
|''Catherine Onye Ukwu''
|Razumovsky
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1996
|''Njem Gulliver''
|Onye Ọkachamara
|Obere ihe nkiri TV
|-
|1999
|''Obí Cleopatra: Na-achọ Akụkọ ifo''
|Onye na-akọ akụkọ
|Ihe nkiri
|-
|2001
|''Shaka Zulu: Citadel''
|Eze
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
|2002
|''Iwu Nnukwu Pyramid''
|Onye na-akọ akụkọ
|Ihe nkiri
|-
|2005
|''Imperium: Saint Peter''
|Saint Peter
|Ihe nkiri TV
|-
|2006
|''Iwu Iri ahụ''
|Jethro
|Obere ihe nkiri TV
|-
|2007
|''Hanan W Haneen''
|Raouf
|Usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn Ijipt, nke a makwaara dị ka Tenderness na Nostalgia
|-
|2008
|''Onye Templar Ikpeazụ''
|Konstantine
|Ihe nkiri TV
|}

== Edemsibịa ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>alg46tht98ph7qh241eqvuv6rjnhcbo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>James W. Washington Jr.</title>
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    <id>17229</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672008</id>
      <parentid>128626</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T16:10:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ceentia</username>
        <id>24734</id>
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      <origin>672008</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5912" sha1="8isfg6vevnav4s78l895zdbfcfp209f" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
James W. Washington Jr. (Ubochí irí n'ọnwa Novemba, 1908 rụọ úbọchị asaá n'ọnwa Juun, 2000) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ọkpụkpụ nké ghọrọ ónyé ama ama na Seattle, Washington, ọbọdọ nka.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAAM-program&quot;&gt;Susan Noyes Platt, &quot;James W. Washington Jr.&quot; in program for ''Making a Life | Creating a World'', [[Northwest African American Museum]], 2008, an exhibit featuring works by Washington and by [[Jacob Lawrence]].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ ==
[[Usòrò:Seattle_-_James_W._Washington_garden_and_studio_02.jpg|thumb|Ogige na ụlọ ihe nkiri na ụlọ Seattle nke Washington]]
A mụrụ Washington ma zụlite ya na Gloster, Mississippi, ọbọdọ ime ọbọdọ na Jim Crow South.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAAM-program&quot;&gt;Susan Noyes Platt, &quot;James W. Washington Jr.&quot; in program for ''Making a Life | Creating a World'', [[Northwest African American Museum]], 2008, an exhibit featuring works by Washington and by [[Jacob Lawrence]].&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ isii nke ónyé ụkọchukwu Baptist James Washington na nwunye ya Lizzie.Mgbè ọ ka bụ nwatakịrị, nna ya gbapụrụ n'ihi egwu ime ihe ike, ha ahụghịkwa ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAAM-program&quot; /&gt; Ọ malitere ise ihe mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, ma mụta ihe mgbè ọ gbara afọ iri na anọ ka ọ bụrụ onye na-eme akpụkpọ ụkwụ, ma rụọ ọrụ dị iche iche (gụnyere ịrụ ọrụ na onye ozi unere, nke nyéré ya ohere ịga obodo ndị buru ibu mgbè niile).web|url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-james-w-washington-jr-11439|title=Oral history interview with James W. Washington Jr., 1987 June 29 - Oral Histories {{!}} Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution|author=Art|first=Archives of American|work=www.aaa.si.edu|accessdate=2016-10-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule mgbè ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, ọ nwetara ọrụ mbụ ya na gọọmentị etiti; ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka gọọmentị gọọmentị ruo mgbe ọ dịla afọ iri ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAAM-program&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1938, ọ sonyeere Federal Works Progress Administration dị ka onye enyemaka ónyé nkụzi nka na Baptist Academy na Vicksburg, Mississippi.  A chụpụrụ ya na South site na ihe ngosi na-egosi ndị na-ese ihe [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ọcha]], o mepụtara ihe ngosi nke ndị na-eme ihe nkírí ojii nke WPA kwadoro, nke mbụ dị otú ahụ na Mississippi.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAAM-program&quot;&gt;Susan Noyes Platt, &quot;James W. Washington Jr.&quot; in program for ''Making a Life | Creating a World'', [[Northwest African American Museum]], 2008, an exhibit featuring works by Washington and by [[Jacob Lawrence]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Washington gàrà [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] na 1951, ebe ọ zutere ndị na-ese ihe na muralists Diego Rivera na David Alfaro Siqueiros na ebe ọ zutekwara nkume volcanic dị nro nke ga-eme ka ọrụ ya gaa n'ihe ọkpụkpụ; obéré ihe ọkpụkpụ o mere bụ osisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAAM-program&quot;&gt;Susan Noyes Platt, &quot;James W. Washington Jr.&quot; in program for ''Making a Life | Creating a World'', [[Northwest African American Museum]], 2008, an exhibit featuring works by Washington and by [[Jacob Lawrence]].&lt;/ref&gt;  Ihe osise nkume mbụ ya, Young Boy nke Athens bụ nke e ji nkume ọ buuru na Teotihuacán mee n'ụzọ dị n'etiti Pyramid nkè Anyanwụ na Pyramid nkè Ọnwa.

== Ọrụ ==
Washington bụ ma Ónyé na-ese ihe ma ónyé na'ese ihe. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe osise ya na-agụnyekwa collage. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe osise ya na-egosi mpụga ma ọ bụ ime ụlọ ndị e gosipụtara na ndụ ya, ma ọ bụ echiche ndị ọ zutere na njem ya. Ndị ọzọ na-ekwu maka isiokwu nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, dị ka The Making of the UN Charter (1945), nke na-agụnye ''akwụkwọ'' akụkọ na ihe oyiyi nke akụkụ ahụ, na nke &quot;na-egosipụta echiche na ndị isi ojii nwụrụ maka echiche nke nnwere onwé na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, mana a jụrụ ha ebe na mba nke ha dịka ekwupụtara na nkwupụta ikike mmadụ na United Nations. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;NAAM-program&quot;&gt;Susan Noyes Platt, &quot;James W. Washington Jr.&quot; in program for ''Making a Life | Creating a World'', [[Northwest African American Museum]], 2008, an exhibit featuring works by Washington and by [[Jacob Lawrence]].&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu aka ahụ, ihe ọkpụkpụ ya nke 1946 The Chaotic Half na-egosi aka ojii na-eru maka igbe ntuli aka, jikọtara ya na Klansman, obe, na eriri.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAAM-program&quot; /&gt;

== Ụlọ na ụlọ ihe nkiri ==
Kemgbe afọ 1992, ụlọ Washington na ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na 1816 26th Avenue enweela ọnọdụ gọọmentị dị ka ihe ịrịba ama obodo Seattle.&lt;ref&gt;[http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/ABPub/collections/video/2004251432_washingtonhouse02/2004251441_washingtonhouse.html Video tour of James W. Washington Jr.'s residence], ''Seattle Times'' online. Accessed online 20 March 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200110040734/http://www.jameswashington.org/studio.pl/Timeline_of_Dr._Washington The Timeline of Dr. James W. Washington Jr.], James W. Washington Jr. and Janie Rogella Washington Foundation.  Accessed online 20 March 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe edeturu ==
{{Reflist}}

*

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke James W. Washington, Jr. na Janie Rogella Washington Foundation, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ James W. Вашингтон Jr. na janie Rogella Вашингтон Foundation. Gụnyere ihe oyiyi nke ọtụtụ ihe osise na ihe ọkpụkpụ, na nkọwa.
* (njikọ mebiri emebi) Njem vidiyo nke ebe obibi James W. Washington Jr., ''Seattle Times'' online. Gụnyere ọtụtụ foto nke Washington na ọrụ ya.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200216071720/http://www.woodsidebrasethgallery.com/artists/james-washington-jr/James_Washington%20Jr. (njikọ mebiri emebi) Ihe osise na ozi na Woodside Braseth Gallery, Seattle]</text>
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'''Jan Voje''' (amụrụ na 5 Disemba na afọ 1942) bụ onye Norway na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge. Ọ bụ ọkachamara na 3000 mita steeplechase, nke ọ gbakwara asọmupi na 1972 Olympic Games.

Ọ nọchitere anya klọb Gjerpen IF, ya na ejima ya Andor Voje.&lt;ref name=&quot;3000msc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=3000 meter Hinder/Steeplechase|url=http://www.friidrett.no/stevner/statistikk/nm/Documents/m3000h.htm|publisher=Norwegian Athletics|accessdate=4 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509031532/http://www.friidrett.no/stevner/statistikk/nm/Documents/m3000h.htm|archivedate=9 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PB&quot; /&gt; Oge kachasị mma ya bụ 8:02.0 na mita 3000 (1973), 8:29.8 na steeplechase (1973), 14:00.6 na mita 5000 (1973) na 29:10.2 na mita 10,000 (1973). Na ọsọ dị n'etiti o nwere 1:54.0 na mita 800 (1965), 3:46.5 na mita 1500 (1971) na 4:13.1 na ọsọ kilomita (1959).&lt;ref name=&quot;PB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=V|url=http://www.friidrett.no/stevner/statistikk/alletider/Documents/sen/mv.htm|publisher=Norwegian Athletics|accessdate=8 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509104539/http://www.friidrett.no/stevner/statistikk/alletider/Documents/sen/mv.htm|archivedate=9 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nanị njem mba ụwa ya bịara na 1964 Summer Olympics, ebe ọ na-asọmupi na okpomọkụ nke steeplechase. A họpụtakwara ya maka 1974 European Championships, mana ọ malitereghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=V|url=http://www.friidrett.no/stevner/statistikk/internasjonalt/Documents/mv.htm|publisher=Norwegian Athletics|accessdate=8 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516015012/http://friidrett.no/stevner/statistikk/internasjonalt/Documents/mv.htm|archivedate=16 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'okporo ụzọ ọ ghọrọ onye mmeri Norwegian steeplechase na afọ 1972. Nanị ihe nrite ọla edo ya na ihe omume pụrụ iche ya bụ n'ihi mmeri Sverre Sørnes na ihe omume ahụ; na mbụ kwa Arne Risa. Voje ritere ihe nrite ọlaọcha nke mba na 1968, 1973 na 1974 na ọla nchara na 1966 na 1970.&lt;ref name=&quot;3000msc&quot; /&gt;O nwetakwara mmeri n'asọmpi kilomita abụọ na 1966 na 1967, wee nweta ọla nchara na 1968 na 1969 tupu a kwụsị ihe omume ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2 km Terrengløp/Cross Country|url=http://www.friidrett.no/stevner/statistikk/nm/Documents/m2kmt.htm|publisher=Norwegian Athletics|accessdate=8 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509031517/http://www.friidrett.no/stevner/statistikk/nm/Documents/m2kmt.htm|archivedate=9 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihe omume kilomita nke asatọ, nke na-adịghịzi ugbu a, ọ meriri ọla nchara Norwegian na 1973 n'azụ Knut Børø na Per Halle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=8 km Terrengløp/Cross Country|url=http://www.friidrett.no/stevner/statistikk/nm/Documents/m8kmt.htm|publisher=Norwegian Athletics|accessdate=8 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509031202/http://www.friidrett.no/stevner/statistikk/nm/Documents/m8kmt.htm|archivedate=9 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pan-Atlantic University</title>
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'''Mahadum Pan-Atlantic''' bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ onwe onye, nke na-enweghị uru na Lekki, [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos]] State.

== Usoro iheomume ==
Mahadum ahụ malitere dị ka Lagos Business School (LBS), nke e guzobere na afọ 1991. Gọmentị etiti kwadoro mahadum ahụ dị ka Mahadum Pan-African na afọ 2002, LBS ghọkwara ụlọ akwụkwọ mbụ ya. E wuchara [[Ajah, Lagos|Ajah]] Campus na afọ 2003 ma na afọ 2010 ọrụ malitere na ogige Ibeju-Lekki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pau.edu.ng/first-20-years|title=First 20 Years|publisher=Pan-African University|accessdate=2011-12-01|archivedate=2013-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111101456/http://www.pau.edu.ng/first-20-years}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba, na afọ 2011 mahadum ahụ malitere Virtual Museum of Modern Nigerian Art, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Jess Castellote, onye na-ese ihe na Spain nke gụnyere ihe karịrị ọrụ 400 sitere n'aka ndị na-ese egwu 81, gụnyere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria dị ka [[Aina Onabolu]] na Bruce Onobrakpeya na ndị na-emepụta ihe dị ka Richardson Ovbiebo na Babalola Lawson.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.voice-online.co.uk/article/nigerian-art-goes-live-web|work=The Voice|title=Nigerian Art Goes Live On The Web|author=Hazelann Williams|date=2011-09-05|accessdate=2011-12-01|archivedate=2011-12-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215214742/http://voice-online.co.uk/article/nigerian-art-goes-live-web}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Nọvemba na Disemba, na afọ 2011 EDC, maka oge mbụ, gosipụtara Global Entrepreneurship Week (GEW), na usoro ihe omume na Lagos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/11/29/etisalat-pan-african-varsity-partner-on-global-entrepreneurship/|title=Etisalat, Pan African Varsity Partner On Global Entrepreneurship|work=[[P.M. News]]|date=29 November 2011|accessdate=2011-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
Ọtụtụ ndị Naijiria nwere ebumnuche ịmalite azụmahịa, ọtụtụ ndị bịara nzukọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/randall-kempner/africas-entrepreneurial-h_b_1104127.html|work=[[Huffington Post]]|title=Africa's Entrepreneurial Hot-Spot|date=2011-11-20|author=Randall Kempner|accessdate=2011-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;
EDC abụwo onye na-elekọta GEW maka Naịjirịa kemgbe ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GEW Partner Forum 2015|url=http://ng.gew.co/content/gew-partner-forum-2015|work=Global Entrepreneurship Week Nigeria|accessdate=24 February 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303070711/http://ng.gew.co/content/gew-partner-forum-2015|archivedate=3 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ Ọrụ Mmepe nke Mahadum (EDC) na-arụ ọrụ na Ngalaba Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) nke International Finance Corporation (IFC) iji nye SME Toolkit Nigeria. Nke a na-enye ozi njikwa azụmahịa n'efu na ọzụzụ maka obere azụmahịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/entrepreneur/entrepreneur-news/29912-how-smes-can-enlarge-their-coasts-with-technology|title=How SMEs can enlarge their coasts with technology|author=SIAKA MOMOH|date=21 November 2011|work=[[Business Day (Nigeria)]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204051958/http://www.businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/entrepreneur/entrepreneur-news/29912-how-smes-can-enlarge-their-coasts-with-technology|archivedate=4 December 2011|accessdate=2011-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2011, Praịm Minista Britain bụ David Cameron kwuru okwu na Mahadum Pan-Atlantic dị na Lagos, na-atụle enyemaka, azụmahịa na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. O kwuru maka mpaghara azụmahịa n'efu nke Afrịka, yana mmụba azụmahịa na Britain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://conservativehome.blogs.com/thetorydiary/2011/07/david-cameron-sets-out-his-plan-for-aid-trade-and-democracy-in-africa.html|title=David Cameron sets out his plan for aid, trade and democracy in Africa|work=ToryDiary|author=Matthew Barrett|date=19 July 2011|accessdate=2011-12-01|archivedate=2011-11-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102070033/http://conservativehome.blogs.com/thetorydiary/2011/07/david-cameron-sets-out-his-plan-for-aid-trade-and-democracy-in-africa.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee, na afọ 2013 a gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Mahadum Pan-Atlantic, iji zere mgbagwoju anya na Mahadum pan-African nke African Union.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.channelstv.com/home/2013/05/24/pan-african-university-changes-name-to-pan-atlantic/|title=Pan-African University Changes Name To Pan-Atlantic|publisher=Channels Incorporated Limited|accessdate=2013-05-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2014, Mahadum ahụ malitere mmemme agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ya na Ibeju-Lekki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/2015/01/pan-atlantic-varsity-admits-86-at-maiden-matriculation/|title=Pan-Atlantic varsity admits 86 at maiden matriculation|first=Ujunwa|author=Atueyi|date=21 January 2015|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|accessdate=2 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2019, ụlọ ngosi nka nke Mahadum Pan-Atlantic, YSMA ga-emeghe maka ọha na eze na ihe ngosi abụọ n'otu oge.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20220910221056/https://museum.pau.edu.ng/ Pan-Atlantic University's Art museum&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221004155050/https://museum.pau.edu.ng/explore inaugural exhibitions&lt;/ref&gt;
==Foto==
[[Usòrò:Library of the Lagos Business School (LBS)-pan Atlantic University.jpg|thumb|Pan Atlantic University Lagos Library ]]

== Ụmụ akwụkwọ ==

* Yomi Owope&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pau-edu-ng.academia.edu/YomiOwope|title=Yomi Owope {{!}} Pan-Atlantic University - Academia.edu|work=pau-edu-ng.academia.edu|language=en|accessdate=2018-04-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Babajide Sanwo-Olu
* [[Ibukun Awosika]]
* Seyi Makinde
* Ọkara Adesina
* Eze Ubong
* Gbenga Daniel
* [[Gbemi Olateru Olagbegi]]
* Nwaanyị Jacobs
* [[Kemi Lala Akindoju]]
* Ibidunni Ighodalo
* Olalekan Olude
* [[Jadesola Osiberu]]
*

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mahadum na Lagos]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory</title>
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      <comment>/* Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2026 Newsletter */ nkeji ohúrù</comment>
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      <text bytes="103421" sha1="eev8t5lyjjl01t3epbhxkvrj5z69z4q" xml:space="preserve">== View it! September update ==

{| style=&quot;border: 5px solid #ABCDEF ; background-color: #FFFFFF;&quot;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:middle;&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| style=&quot;padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&quot; |[[Usòrò:View_it!_Tool.png|thumb|View it! Tool]]'''&lt;big&gt; [[metawiki:View_it!_Tool|View it! Tool]] update &lt;/big&gt;''' &lt;small&gt;Sept. 2022&lt;/small&gt;
'''Thank you for signing up for View it! updates!'''

: ''As a reminder, you can view details about how to '''install the View it!''' user script or '''use the Toolforge tool''' on [[metawiki:View_it!_Tool|our meta page]]. Please use the talk page there to contact the team!''

'''August happenings'''

* We held two community conversations, one in person at [[metawiki:Wikimania_2022/Pittsburgh_Meetup|Wikimania 2022/Pittsburgh]] and one virtual during a [[metawiki:Wikimedians_in_Residence_Exchange_Network|Wikimedians in Residence Exchange Network]] meeting.
** During both meetings we discussed final design of View it!, and results refinement and querying. Check the [[metawiki:View_it!_Tool#August_2022|August updates]] for notes from both meetings.
* View it! is working across all Wikimedia projects, and we are currently working on multi-lingual functionality.

'''Coming in September'''

* Currently plan to focus development on multilingialism, on-wiki/editor features for the user script, and extending the search functions on Toolforge.
* We are continuing to respond to user feedback and finalizing design.

'''Action to take'''

* Install [[metawiki:View_it!_Tool#Beta_script_installation|Beta script]] and see how it can used to add new images to articles.
* All editors are invited to share the tool with their local wiki communities, or incorporate it into relevant local templates, such as infoboxes. If you do so, please let us know about it, so we can ensure backwards compatibility for that use case as we continue development!
* Feel free to leave comments on our [[metawiki:Talk:View_it!_Tool|Discussion]] page
|}
-- [[Ọbanife:JamieF|JamieF]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:JamieF|kwuo]]) 19:51, 11 Septemba 2022 (UTC)

== View it! page ==

{| style=&quot;border: 5px solid #ABCDEF ; background-color: #FFFFFF;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:middle;&quot; | 
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|style=&quot;padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&quot; | [[File:View it! Tool.png|thumb|View it! Tool]]'''&lt;big&gt; [[metawiki:View_it!_Tool|View it! Tool]] update &lt;/big&gt;''' &lt;small&gt;Oct. 2022&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;

'''Thank you for signing up for View it! updates!'''

:''As a reminder, you can view details about how to '''install the View it!''' user script or '''use the Toolforge tool''' on [[metawiki:View_it!_Tool|our meta page]]. Please use the talk page there to contact the team!''

== October Update ==
'''September/October Happenings'''
* View it! is now multilingual! We are currently working on tool localization. Please consider [[View it! Tool/localization instructions|helping us]]! 
* View it! now has [https://view-it.toolforge.org/ advanced search] option on Toolforge, simply toggle on to enable searching with a different property constraint, free text, specific resolution, and quality assessment.
* Advanced search allows for searching by Commons Categories which have an associated [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P373 P373].
** Commons Category search will also show sub-categories for more specific results.

'''Coming Soon'''
* We are releasing a new version of View it! that will implement some of the Toolforge functionality into the on-Wiki experience. 
* We are thinking about ways for View it! results to show up on page as an image grid, gallery or other form, without leaving the page. Please let us know what your idea/preference is. 
* Integrating editor features such as the ability to add an image from View it! or remove a faulty statement. 

'''Action to take'''
* [[metawiki:Talk:View_it!_Tool|Share]] your thoughts with us about the interface! What would you like the final product to look like? Should it be on-wiki? Preference on location of the button/link? We are open to ideas - please share them with us. 
* Install [[metawiki:View_it!_Tool#Beta_script_installation|Beta script]] and see how it can used to add new images to articles.
* All editors are invited to share the tool with their local wiki communities, or incorporate it into relevant local templates, such as infoboxes. If you do so, please let us know about it, so we can ensure backwards compatibility for that use case as we continue development!
|}
[[Ọbanife:JamieF|JamieF]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:JamieF|kwuo]]) 18:15, 2 Novemba 2022 (UTC)

== Ihe nrite Onye Ntinyeaka ==

{| style=&quot;background-color: #CEF2D4; border: 10px solid Green;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Bronzewiki 2 za zásluhy.png|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''Onye ntụgharị Ukwu nke afọ 2022'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; | Anyị n'ekele gị maka ọrụ ị na-arụ na &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 Wikipidia Igbo]&lt;/span&gt;. '''Daalụ maka ịtụgharị edemede karịrị iri ise'''. Ị mere nke ọma, jisie ike! 
[[Ọbanife:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Tochiprecious|ṅkátá]]) 11:34, 28 Disemba 2022 (UTC)
|}

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2022 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentysecond newsletter, covering December 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* January 15: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|Online user group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 15)
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2022/11/28/museology-myosotis-and-metadata-oh-my-sharing-sustainably-in-wikipedia/ Museology, Myosotis, and metadata oh my! Sharing sustainably in Wikipedia] (SDG 15)

'''Resources'''
* New Book: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1 Open Mapping Towards Sustainable Development Goals] (SDG all)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t66i3ztg-1E&amp;t=1717s Margaret Donald - Wikidata, OpenRefine &amp; Biota] (SDG 15)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_alismatid_families|List of alismatid families]] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11231|has biological vector]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11272|Bureau of Meteorology location ID]] (SDG 13)
* [[d:Property:P11277|CIViC gene ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11281|Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11282|Tanzania Parliament member ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11311|Lygaeoidea Species File ID]] (SDG 15)

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 14:37, 1 Jenụwarị 2023 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== View it! has been expanded and will have an official launch demo session Jan. 12th ==

{| style=&quot;border: 5px solid #ABCDEF ; background-color: #FFFFFF;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:middle;&quot; | 
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|style=&quot;padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&quot; | [[File:Goat View it! results.jpg|thumb|Goat View it! results]]'''&lt;big&gt; [[metawiki:View_it!_Tool|View it! Tool]] update &lt;/big&gt;''' &lt;small&gt;Jan. 2023&lt;/small&gt;

Big news, ''View it!'' users! Over the last two months, View it! has been expanded to two versions. Our new '''full version''' shows images within the wiki content page, and the &quot;View&quot; tab displays a gallery of images without leaving the site you are on, as you can see at right. We have rebranded the original version, which utilizes the &quot;View&quot; tab to link to our Toolforge search results, to &quot;Lite&quot;. We invite you to switch to full version and try it out! Major changes:
* The full version includes an image carousel on each content page (at the top, under the article navigation buttons) which can be expanded for pagination.
* You may notice the &quot;View&quot; button has moved to between the &quot;Read&quot; and &quot;Edit&quot; buttons - the View button is in the same place for both versions and we felt this was a better placement for editors.
* In full version, clicking the &quot;View&quot; tab will take you to a full-screen gallery. 

'''Action to take'''
* Follow the [[metawiki:View_it!_Tool#Script_installation|installation instructions]] and try out the full version! 
* Consider helping us with [[metawiki:View_it!_Tool#Localization|language localization]] 
*[http://www.worldtimebuddy.com/event?lid=0%2C5368361%2C4259418&amp;h=4259418&amp;sts=27891660&amp;sln=12-13&amp;a=show&amp;euid=748dd4e7-838b-6aa4-f53d-8a8a500968b7 Attend] our launch presentation Thursday, January 12th at 1700 UTC/1200 ET.
** Save it to you calendar or join us directly on [https://www.zoomgov.com/j/1604545329 Zoom] (Meeting ID: 160 454 5329)

'''Thank you for being a part of the View it! journey and please join us for the launch on January 12th!'''

:''As a reminder, you can view details about how to '''install the View it!''' user script or '''use the Toolforge tool''' on [[metawiki:View_it!_Tool|our meta page]]. Please use the talk page to contact us with comments or issues.''
|} [[Ọbanife:JamieF|JamieF]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:JamieF|ṅkátá]]) 03:50, 9 Jenụwarị 2023 (UTC)

== Gịnị ka ana atụ anya na akam ka m mee banyere ihe odide nke a  ==

Hello, 

What would you want me to do as regards to this message. 

Thanks  [[Ọbanife:Onwuka Glory|Onwuka Glory]] ([[Okwu ọbanife:Onwuka Glory|ṅkátá]]) 05:37, 9 Jenụwarị 2023 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentythird newsletter, covering January 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|19 February - User group meeting]] (SDG all) 
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230115|15 January - User group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 14)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Dunedin_5|The 2023 Bug of the Year Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/challenge.php?id=74 Lexeme challenge Urology] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Veckans_tävling/Grodor_versus_ödlor|Swedish Wikipedia weekly challenge - Frogs versus lizards]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December_2022/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Three_hundred_episodes_of_Critter_of_the_Week|Three hundred episodes of Critter of the Week]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://zenodo.org/record/7521891#.Y9p6MdLMKw4 Wikidata Queries around the SARS-CoV-2 virus and pandemic] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/05/the-stories-behind-the-wiki-loves-earth-2022-photos-from-turkiye/ The stories behind the Wiki Loves Earth 2022 photos from Türkiye] (SDG 14)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/05/announcing-our-funding-support-from-the-patient-centered-outcomes-research-institute-pcori/ Announcing our funding support from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/04/jumping-for-science-how-wikipedia-assignments-inspire-stem-students/ Jumping for science: how Wikipedia assignments inspire STEM students] (SDG 14)
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Birds_of_NYC_Photo_Contest/Winners|Birds of NYC Photo Contest Winners announced!]] (SDG 14)
* [https://anchor.fm/civichackerpodcast/episodes/Using-Wikidata-to-Connect-Constituents-With-Their-Government-e1or922 Using Wikidata to Connect Constituents With Their Government] (SDG 16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/23/wiki-loves-earth-2022-presents-the-winners-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment/ Wiki Loves Earth 2022 presents the winners of the special nomination “Human rights and environment”!] (SDG 10 &amp; 14) 
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/19/equity-diversity-inclusion-in-affiliate-governance/ Equity, diversity &amp; inclusion in affiliate governance] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

'''Resources'''
* [https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/01/26/building-life-sciences-knowledge-graph-data-lake.htmlBuilding a Life Sciences Knowledge Graph with a Data Lake] (SDG 3)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HW6YxXRL18 Editor uses Wikidata to find new uses for existing drugs and speed up approval process for new treatments] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:WikiForHumanRights_Information_Session_2023.webm|WikiForHumanRights Information Session]] (SDG 10)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_birds_of_Tuvalu|List of birds of Tuvalu]] (SDG 14) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos|List of World Heritage Sites in Laos]] (SDG 11) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh|List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh]] (SDG 11)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11429|NIP]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11402|NSR doctor ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:/Property:P11430|UniProt disease ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11446|Strazha ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11500|United States House of Representatives ID]] (SDG 16)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfourth newsletter, covering February 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
'''Meetings'''
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|2023-03-05 User group meeting]] (SDG all)
* [[m:2023-03-19 User group meeting|Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions|Suggest &quot;Environmental sustainability and climate crisis&quot; topics for Wikimania]] (SDG all)
* Ongoing: [[m:Africa_Environment|Africa Environment WikiFocus]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [https://www.eventbrite.com/x/edit-for-climate-change-wikipedia-editathon-registration-526291811977 Edit for Climate Change: Wikipedia Editathon] (SDG 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|Capacity Building Sessions on &quot;Tools for Finding the Right Articles&quot; and &quot;Building Article List with Petscan&quot;]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Resources|Regional Office Hours for Africa and Maghreb Regions]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://observablehq.com/@thadk/garden NCBI breakdown of common garden foods with photographs by Phytotheca] (SDG 2)

'''Resources'''
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Sweden_report|3000 Arctic images]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Content_Partnerships_Hub_report|SMART-Servier Medical Art upload]] (SDG 3)

'''Research'''
* [https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/sustainability/ Open Source in Environmental Sustainability] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11576|Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11587|Iowa legislator ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11610|National Grid Balancing Mechanism unit ID]] (SDG 7)

'''Wikidata query examples'''
* [https://w.wiki/5Vu8 Map of disasters by type] (SDG 11)

'''Featured articles'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:South_Asian_river_dolphin|South Asian river dolphin]] (SDG 14)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sri_Lanka|List of World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka]] (SDG 11)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_lamiid_families|List of lamiid families]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96.jpg|Three horses (SDG 15)
File:Hunter_baby_chameleon.jpg|Hunter baby chameleon (SDG 15)
File:Rice_paper_butterfly_%2816709%29.jpg|Rice paper butterfly (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28top_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (top view) (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28side_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (side view).jpg (SDG 15)
File:Mockingbird_on_the_North_Lake_Trail_%2836851%29.jpg|Mockingbird on the North Lake Trail (SDG 15)
File:Striated_Pardalote_0012.jpg|Striated Pardalote (SDG 15)
File:Kleines_Wiesenv%C3%B6gelchen_am_Morgen.jpg|Wiesenvögelchen (SDG 15)
File:Immature_herring_gull_%2816259%29.jpg|Herring gull (SDG 15)
File:Northern_shoveler_male_in_Marine_Park_%2833296%29.jpg|Northern shoveler (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfifth newsletter, covering March 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230305|User group meeting 2023-03-05]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/30/join-the-wikiforhumanrights-campaign-and-contribute-knowledge-that-connects-human-rights-with-solutions-for-a-sustainable-future/ WikiForHumanRights] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Upcoming: April 19 - [[m:Translat-a-thon/NYC/2023|LaGuardia Community College Earth Day Translatathon with Casa de las Américas NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 22 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_2023_Bushwick|Earth Day 2023 Edit-a-thon Environment of Brooklyn Focus with Sure We Can]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 23 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_Wiknic|Earth Day Wiknic NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/WMF_GLAM_report|Gender and culture related event to test image suggestions on Wikipedia]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Edit_a_thon/artfeminism-edit-a-thon-for-nigerian-female-artists-2023|Art+Feminism edit-a-thon for Nigerian female artists]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/08/putting-our-energy-into-wikipedia-as-climate-action/ Putting our energy into Wikipedia as climate action] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/07/how-artfeminism-is-using-wikipedia-to-promote-equity-in-the-art-world/ How Art+Feminism is using Wikipedia to promote equity in the art world] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/New_Zealand_report|Biodiversity Heritage Library and Wikidata]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/USA_report|Black history month and more]] (SDG 10)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/14/women-do-news-tackling-the-gender-divide-in-journalism-through-wikipedia/ Women Do News: Tackling the Gender Divide in Journalism Through Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/17/wiki-loves-earth-2023-is-starting/ Wiki Loves Earth 2023 is starting!] (SDG 15)
* [https://medium.com/@openheritagefoundation/the-quest-to-close-the-gender-gap-on-wikipedia-continues-five-year-anniversary-with-feminism-ebd7a3b3185e The Quest to Close the Gender Gap on Wikipedia Continues; Five-Year Anniversary with Feminism &amp; Folklore] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/28/wikigap-malaysia-2023-empowering-women-in-indigenous-languages/ WikiGap Malaysia 2023: Empowering women in indigenous languages] (SDG 5)
* [https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/climate-crisis/wikipedia-has-a-climatetech-problem Wikipedia has a climatetech problem] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11623|NCI Drug Dictionary ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11649|Malaysia Federal Legislation act ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11650|Moscow University Herbarium ID]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11666|Norwegian Petroleum Directorate field ID]] (SDG 13)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_Saxifragales_families|List of Saxifragales families]] (SDG 15)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:Red-throated_wryneck|Red-throated wryneck]] (SDG 15)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Ourapteryx_yerburii_ssp._specimens_and_male_genitalia.jpg|Ourapteryx yerburii ssp. specimens and male genitalia (SDG 15)
Pterophorus_pentadactyla_-_Keila.jpg|Pterophorus pentadactyla (SDG 15)
Wood_duck_drake_%2886815%29.jpg|Wood duck drake (SDG 15)
Cardinal_%2886755%29.jpg|Cardinal (SDG 15)
Bunten_Kronwicke_%28Securigera_varia%29_Bl%C3%BCte-20200626-RM-173640.jpg|Bunten Kronwicke (Securigera varia) (SDG 15)
Neubrunn_Steinbruch_Blutrote_Heidelibelle_%28Sympetrum_sanguineum%29_8262082.jpg|Sympetrum sanguineum (SDG 15)
Boerenkrokus_%28Crocus_tommasinianus%29_28-02-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Crocus tommasinianus (SDG 15)
Papaya_-_longitudinal_section_close-up_view.jpg|Papaya - longitudinal section close-up view (SDG 15)
Aphantopus_hyperantus_-_Keila.jpg|Aphantopus hyperantus (SDG 15)
Australian_Zebra_Finch_0A2A3013.jpg|Australian Zebra Finch (SDG 15)
Melospiza_melodia_JRVdH_03.jpg|Melospiza melodia (SDG 15)
Roadside_hawk_%28Rupornis_magnirostris_griseocauda%29_eating_speckled_racer_%28Drymobius_margaritiferus%29_Orange_Walk.jpg|Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) (SDG 15)
Black_iguana_%28Ctenosaura_similis%29_Cayo.jpg|Black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28side_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (side view) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28dorsal_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (dorsal view) (SDG 15)
Fr%C3%BChlings-Knotenblume_%28Leucojum_vernum%29-20230220-RM-161056.jpg|Frühlings-Knotenblume (Leucojum vernum) (SDG 15)
Ocellated_turkey_%28Meleagris_ocellata%29_male_Peten.jpg|Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) male (SDG 15)
Geoffroy%27s_spider_monkey_%28Ateles_geoffroyi_yucatanensis%29_Peten_2.jpg|Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis) (SDG 15)
Bessen_van_een_Ophiopogon_planiscapus_%27Niger%27._28-02-2023._%28d.j.b%29.jpg|Ophiopogon planiscapus (SDG 15)
Protaetic_cuprea_ignicollis_2023-03-22_IZE-066.jpg|Protaetic cuprea ignicollis (SDG 15)
Monarch_butterflies_%28Danaus_plexippus_plexippus%29_Piedra_Herrada_2.jpg|Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) (SDG 15)
Cepaea_nemoralis_Paarung-20230314-RM-110511.jpg|Cepaea nemoralis (SDG 15)
Wiesen_Pippau_%28Crepis_biennis%29-20220624-RM-123950.jpg|Crepis biennis (SDG 15)
Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) Cayo.jpg|Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) (SDG 15)
Trifolium_spadiceum_-_Niitv%C3%A4lja.jpg|Trifolium spadiceum (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-sixth newsletter, covering April 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting 2023-05-07]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20230402|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_the_Challenge|WikiForHumanRights 2023 International Writing Contest]] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_Community_Events|WikiForHumanRights 2023 local community events]] (SDG 13, 15, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki_Climate_Campus_Tour_Nigeria|WikiCampusTourNigeria Project]] (SDG 6, 13, 14, 15)
* Upcoming (and past): [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Kvinnor,_arkitektur_och_design|Women, architecture and design]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Albania_report|WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|BBC 100 women editathon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Kosovo_report|WikiGAP in Prishtina]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Switzerland_report|15 Days of French women writers]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/DC/TSU_USF_Women%27s_History_Month_Wikipedia_Edit-a-thon|TSU USF Women's History Month Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Smithsonian_AWHI/Meetup/Crafting_a_Better_Wikipedia:_Women_of_Color_in_the_Renwick_Gallery|Crafting a Better Wikipedia: Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/07/tuswug-s2e2-women-in-wiki/ TUSWUG S2E2: Women in Wiki] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/13/inaugural-edition-of-the-organizer-lab-awards-6-community-grants/ Inaugural edition of the organizer lab awards – 6 community grants] (SDG 5 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/29/bolstering-womens-voices-and-histories-on-wikipedia/ Bolstering women’s voices and histories on Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|A huge upload for biologists]] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPPBhuQPhs&amp;ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation WikiForHumanRights 2023 Launch Webinar] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|WikiForHumanRights 2023 and WMF Human Rights Team Online Safety Capacity Building for Organizers]] (SDG 13)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLBSSlrI2vo WikiForHummanRights 2023 and Let's Connect Capacity building on good practices for retention] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/living-through-a-triple-planetary-emergency-capturing-the-most-impactful-knowledge-to-weather-the-storm/ Living through a Triple Planetary Emergency: Capturing the Most Impactful Knowledge to Weather the Storm] (SDG 10 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/wikimedia-foundation-environmental-sustainability-report-for-2022/ Wikimedia Foundation Environmental Sustainability Report for 2022] (SDG 13)
* [[:File:Wikimedia_h%C3%A5llbarhetsrapport_2022.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige sustainability report 2022]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)

'''Research'''
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12964 Hypotheses in urban ecology: building a common knowledge base] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11698|student retention rate]] (SDG 4)
* [[d:Property:P11704|INEP ID]] (SDG 4) [51]
* [[d:Property:P11729|Kulturenvanteri.com ID]] (SDG 11)
* [[d:Property:P11747|holds diplomatic passport of]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11741|SINTA affiliation ID]] (SDG 4)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_afrosoricids|List of afrosoricids]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Leptura_quadrifasciata_female_-_Keila.jpg|Leptura quadrifasciata (SDG 15)
Bursa_lamarckii_01.jpg|Bursa lamarckii (SDG 15)
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_head_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Western_Bowerbird_0A2A0436.jpg|Chlamydera guttata (SDG 15)
White-breasted_nuthatch_%2826471%29.jpg|Sitta carolinensis (SDG 15)
Patzmannsdorf_-_K%C3%BCrbisfeld_mit_Pfarrkirche_und_Raiffeisen-Silo_in_Stronsdorf.jpg|Pumpkin field (SDG 2)
Cinnamon-bellied_flowerpiercer_%28Diglossa_baritula%29_male_on_Indian_shot_%28Canna_indica%29_Finca_El_Pilar.jpg|Diglossa baritula &amp; Canna indica (SDG 15)
Knoppen_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer_platanoides%29._03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer platanoides (SDG 15)
Cinnamon_hummingbird_%28Amazilia_rutila%29_in_flight_Los_Tarrales.jpg|Amazilia rutila (SDG 15)
Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg|Passiflora edulis (SDG 15)
Golden-fronted_%28Velasquez%27s%29_woodpecker_%28Melanerpes_aurifrons%29_male_Copan.jpg|Melanerpes aurifrons (SDG 15)
Argiope_spider_female_adult_on_her_web_dorsal_view_black_background_Don_Det_Laos.jpg|Argiope versicolor (SDG 15)
Daslook._Allium_ursinum%2C_zwellende_bloemknop._18-04-2022_%28actm.%29_04.jpg|Allium ursinum (SDG 15)
Fallen_leaf_of_Platanus_x_hispanica_%281%29.jpg|Platanus x hispanica (SDG 15)
Thymelicus_lineola_underside_-_Keila.jpg|Thymelicus lineola (SDG 15)
Japanse_esdoorn_%28Acer_palmatum%29_03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer palmatum (SDG 15) [38]
Common_kestrel_%28Falco_tinnunculus%29_female_%28IMGP1648r2-DNA%29.jpg|Falco tinnunculus (SDG 15) [39]
California_sea_lion_nap_time_in_La_Jolla_%2870474%29.jpg|Zalophus californianus (SDG 15) [40]
Bladknop_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer%29._13-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29_01.jpg|Acer pseudoplatanus (SDG 15)
Tamarind_fruits_%28Tamarindus_indica_%27Si_Thong%27%29.jpg|Tamarindus indica (SDG 15)
White_leucistic_squirrel_with_a_peanut_%2885668%29.jpg|Sciurus carolinensis (SDG 15) [43]
Fork-tailed_flycatcher_%28Tyrannus_savana_monachus%29_in_flight_Cayo.jpg|Tyrannus savana monachus (SDG 15)
Rapa_incurva_01.jpg|Rapa incurva (SDG 15)
Arboreal_stingless_bee_nest_%28Trigona_sp.%29_Flores.jpg|Trigona sp. (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-seventh newsletter, a sort of year-in-review for 2023.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

Dear Wikimedians for Sustainable Development,

As we bid farewell to 2023, we reflect on a year that has been an uneven year for our user group. While the journey has been marked by some truly inspiring events, most of our efforts have been largely uncoordinated and the user group hasn't been the support it could have been. Yet, there's a glimmer of hope and a world of potential for 2024.

'''Highlights of 2023:'''

;Newsletters Galore: We kicked off the year with zeal, sharing updates and inspiration through four newsletters. The number of things happening in the movement is astounding, but we need to rethink the format of the newsletter going into the next year.

;Growing Strong: The Wikimedians for Sustainable Development family welcomed 33 new members in 2023. Your passion and dedication continue to inspire us, and we look forward to nurturing this community spirit in the year ahead.

;Wikimania Talks: Our voices echoed far and wide at Wikimania, where several members of our community took the virtual stage to share insights and ideas about everything from Wikipedians-in-Residence's to open data. Your contributions showcased our commitment to sustainable development on a global scale.

;Content Creation Magic: Throughout the year, our extended community demonstrated incredible dedication to expanding the knowledge base on Wikipedia. Countless hours were spent creating and curating content that aligns with our mission, contributing to a more sustainable digital ecosystem.

;Campaigning hard: We saw a large variety of campaigns, from writing challenges to editathons. The willingness to experiment with new formats and partners, as well as learning from past efforts, shows great promise for the future.

'''Acknowledging Challenges:'''

While we celebrate these achievements, we acknowledge that 2023 presented its fair share of challenges. A lack of global coordination reminded us that the road to sustainable development is not always linear. However, it is precisely these challenges that fuel our determination to work together more cohesively in the coming year and proof that the user group is needed.

'''Hopeful Anticipation for 2024:'''

As we turn the page to 2024, let's carry forward the lessons learned and the successes celebrated. We are optimistic that, with renewed energy and a collective commitment, we will overcome obstacles and create an even more impactful and connected Wikimedians for Sustainable Development community.

Here's to a year of collaboration, growth, and making a lasting impact on the world through our shared passion for sustainability. Together, we can turn challenges into opportunities and pave the way for a brighter future.

Wishing you all a joyous holiday season and a Happy New Year!

Warm regards,
[[m:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]], [[m:User:Daniel Mietchen|User:Daniel Mietchen]]

PS. We have started writing [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|our yearly report]], please add your activities to it.

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-eighth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* We have submitted our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|2023 annual report]].
* Upcoming meeting: on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|9 February]], we'll have a call about roles and responsibilities in the user group. This is an attempt to make more opportunities to engage more of the user groups members in its activities. If you want to help out in some way, but don't know how, this is a meeting for you to get help creating that opportunity. If you know how you would like to help, but don't know how to get started, this is also the meeting for you.

; Other news
* New Wikiproject for Climate Change on Basque Wikipedia: [[:eu:Wikiproiektu:Klima aldaketa|Wikiproiektu Klima Aldaketa]]
* Climate Justice, Digital Rights and Indigenous Voices international Wikimedia event in Huaraz, Peru 2024: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDIuZQ61v35y3Q293ZV9YjNWOHsgwvq3t2XjP2cQ0OHG-EPA/viewform Engagement Survey] (closes 2 Feb)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-ninth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* On 9 February, we had a user group meeting on roles and responsibilities ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240209|minutes]])
* Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 17 March]]

; Other news
* Wiki Loves Earth: Reminder that if you want to [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2024/Organise|organize a local competition]], it is time to get started. (SDG 15 and 14)
* Wiki for Human Rights: Reminder that if you would like to [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|organize a local event]], there is support available. (SDG 10) 
* Study: [https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/650852934/Meier_Wiki_Climate.pdf Using Wikipedia Pageview Data to Investigate Public Interest in Climate Change at a Global Scale] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtieth newsletter covering March and April 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 19 May]]

; Other news
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-03-29/Recent_research#Other_recent_publications|Wikipedia Signpost highlighted five papers about climate change editing]]. (SDG 13)
* On Wikidata, [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|a model for documenting green house gas emissions]] has been created. (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/EPA_Victoria_WiR_April_2024_Update An update] from the Wikipedian in Residence at the  Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia.
* WikiAcción Perú organized a training session: &quot;[[m:Volunteer Supporters Network/VSN Training: Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement|Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement]]&quot; (SDG 13)
* WikiForHumanRights organized a session: &quot;[[m:Event:Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage|Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage]]&quot;

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, starts in May. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [[m:Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region|Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region]] starts in May.  (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtyfirst newsletter, covering May 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]], 16 June
* [[m:Talk:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development#Mini_report_from_the_Wikimedia_Summit_2024|Mini report from the Wikimedia Summit 2024]]
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/jan-ainali-wikimedians-for-sustainable-development-wikimedia-summit-2024-265/ User group representative interviewed by Wikipediapodden] at Wikimedia Summit ([[:File:WP265 - Jan Ainali, Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, Wikimedia Summit 2024.mp3|commons]])
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240519|Minutes from user group meeting in May]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/05/02/reflecting-_women-for-sustainability-africa-arts-feminism-her-voice-campaign-2023/ Reflecting _Women For Sustainability Africa Arts + Feminism #Her Voice Campaign 2023]
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report: Climate change and GLAM]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library April monthly highlights]] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00166-y WikiProject Biodiversity featured in Nature Africa] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFWS7hfetZk Wikimedia UK releases a video about their climate focus] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, continues in some countries. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtysecond newsletter, covering June 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Movement Charter Vote|User group vote on the adoption of the Movement Charter]] (closes 7 July 23.59 UTC)
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming user group meeting]] 21 July
* User group meeting held in June - [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240616|minutes]]
* The group was featured in the latest WikiAfrica Hour: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6VI20qopk #36: Does the Wikimedia movement contribute to the SDGs?]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/stories-from-the-anti-disinformation-repository-how-wikiproject-covid-19-and-other-wikimedia-initiatives-counter-health-disinformation/ Stories from the anti-disinformation repository: How WikiProject COVID-19 and other Wikimedia initiatives counter health disinformation] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Environment_Centre_NT_Wikipedian_in_Residence Environment Centre Northern Territory Wikipedian in Residence] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.gp.se/debatt/med-ai-kan-vi-oka-transparensen-om-foretagens-klimatavtryck.2dd4e006-57e3-4534-a0be-70ca56a289e4 With AI can we increase transparency of companies' carbon footprints] (in Swedish). Op-ed that mentions that the greenhouse gas emissions of the top 150 companies on the Stockholm stock exchange has been uploaded to Wikidata. The model is documented on [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|WikiProject Climate Change on Wikidata]]. (SDG 13)
* [[wmfblog:2024/06/25/another-year-in-review-where-is-wikimedia-in-the-climate-crisis-seeing-the-impact-of-wikimedia-projects/|Another Year in Review: Where is Wikimedia in the Climate Crisis? Seeing the impact of Wikimedia Projects]] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/06/24/46-scholars-self-advocates-bring-knowledge-to-wikipedias-disability-healthcare-content/ 46 scholars, self-advocates bring knowledge to Wikipedia’s disability healthcare content] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:Wikimedia klimatpåverkansrapport 2023.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige publishes their 2023 climate impact report]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)
* WikiProject Govdirectory has started [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Weekly collaboration|weekly collaboration on countries]] (SDG 16)

; Events
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/wikimedia-chapters-and-groups-organise-the-first-sharks-and-rays-wikimarathon/ Wikimedia chapters and groups organise the first Sharks and Rays Wikimarathon] (29 June, but edits in the weeks after are welcome) (SDG 14)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty third newsletter, covering July 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 10, 13, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting held in July, [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240721|minutes]]
* Next user group meeting will be 18 August

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Climate change editahon and workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/wikiforhumanrights-in-nigeria-2024-campaign-virtual-launch/ WikiForHumanRights in Nigeria 2024 Campaign Virtual Launch]  (SDG 10&amp;16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/what-we-learned-from-wiki-women-in-red-8-campaign-2023-women-for-sustainability-africa/ What we Learned from Wiki Women In Red @8 Campaign 2023 Women for Sustainability Africa] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/ghanaian-wikipedians-set-to-educate-students-on-open-climate/ Ghanaian Wikipedians set to educate students on Open Climate] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/23/using-wikipedia-as-a-tool-for-climate-action/ Using Wikipedia as a Tool for Climate Action] (SDG 13)

; Events
* 5th August,  [[m:Event:Wiki-Green_Conference_2024  Wiki-Green Conference]] (SDG 13)
* 7-10 August, Wikimania - [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|All SDG related sessions]] 
* 7-9 November, [https://wikimedia.org.ar/2024/07/03/justicia-climatica-voces-indigenas-y-plataformas-wikimedia/ Justicia climática, voces indígenas y plataformas Wikimedia] (SDG 13)

; Participate
* Share an example of a successful [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|WikiProject or topical collaboration]] in this on-wiki survey

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 11, 15, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20240915|Next user group meeting]], 15 September, will be focused on starting to develop a strategy for the group. If you cannot attend, you can leave your input on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030/Ideas|the ideas page]].
* User group meeting held in August ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240818|minutes]])

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|Report from WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Meeting for Writing on Femenist Strikes and Wiki for Peace Camp St. Imier]] (SDG 5 &amp; 16)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]] (SDG 15)
* Wikimania had a lot of [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|SDG related sessions]] and you can watch them back now 

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2024|Wiki Loves Monuments]] starts in September (SDG 11)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240915|User group meeting held in September on strategy for the group]]

; Other news
* [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024/Submissions/Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region|Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region]], presentation at CEE meeting. ([https://www.youtube.com/live/iB3KNFtA4xI?t=6739 YouTube])
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/09/30/all-about-wiki-green-conference-2024/ All About Wiki-Green Conference 2024] (SDG 13)

; Events
* Course: [https://wikiedu.org/courses/global-approaches-to-climate-finance-4/ Global Approaches to Climate Finance] by WikiEdu (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming meeting]], 24 November, 17.00 UTC

; Other news
* Talk at WikiIndaba: [[m:WikiIndaba 2024/Proposal/Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region|Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/17/championing-inclusion-in-the-wikimedia-movement-africa-wiki-women-presentation-at-the-wiki-niger-conference/ Championing Inclusion in the Wikimedia Movement: Africa Wiki Women Presentation at the Wiki Niger Conference] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/25/mountains-birds-and-lakes-wiki-loves-earth-2024-central-asia-edition/ Mountains, Birds and Lakes: Wiki Loves Earth 2024 – Central Asia Edition] (SDG 15)

; Events
* November 6, 12 and 21: [https://universityofexeter.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJAkdeqrrzMoGdEeMYlR6q0A7QMHwwwM2VIZ#/registration Climate Change &amp; Health in the UK - Wikipedia workshop] (SDG 3 and 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 8, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting, 24 November ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241124|minutes]])
* We are working on our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]], please add activities that you would like to work on.

; Other news
* [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 8 (November 2024)|CEE Catch up Nr. 8 with a sustainability theme]]
* [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia|Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/New_Zealand_report#nz-edit|Report from New Zealand Species Edit-a-thons]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/Macedonia_report#vvc|Report from climate change editing workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2024/Contents/Croatia_report|DeGrowth in November with students, artists and academics in Croatia]] (SDG 8&amp;12)
* The new [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#November_2024:_Production_deployment_and_security_review_complete|Charts extension has been enabled on Wikimedia Commons]]. It's time to start bringing all your local sustainability related charts over there! (SDG 17)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers|Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia|Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia]] (SDG 13)
* Just started: [[m:Event:African Legislators in Red|African Legislators in Red]] (SDG 16)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241229|minutes]])
* We have adopted an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]]!

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_hWBwaQxaw Lightning talk by Adam Harangzo - National Institute for Health and Care Research on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/11/top-photos-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2024%f0%9f%a4%9d/ Top photos of the special nomination “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2024!] (SDG 10&amp;15)
* [https://www.wikimedia.nz/nz-species-editathon-recap/ Two days, 15 editors, 750 edits] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/28/a-peekaboo-into-our-butterflying-trip-from-the-amazon-of-the-east/ A Peekaboo Into Our Butterflying Trip from the Amazon of the East] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/12/27/brooklyn-college-students-bring-ecology-course-content-to-wikipedia/ Brooklyn College students bring ecology course content to Wikipedia] (SDG 13&amp;15
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09636625241268890 Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on WikipediaDeclaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)

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:Hi @[[Ojiarụ:Ainali|Ainali]] I received your message with much gratitude, this is evident in much progress and projects achieved so far in a shortest time. However, am interested in [[metawiki:Event:African_Legislators_in_Red|African Legislators in Red]]
:Cheers to more work. [[Ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory|Onwuka Glory]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory|ṅkátá]]) 11:46, 2 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)

== Levi, do you have any ongoing project? ==

Hi @[[Ojiarụ:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]], I wish to know if you have an ongoing project in your community?

Thanks. [[Ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory|Onwuka Glory]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory|ṅkátá]]) 14:52, 2 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)

* Hi[[user: Olugold|Olugold]], I read your Article on cancer and it's so educative. Please, keep writing we are reading.
Bye. [[Ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory|Onwuka Glory]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory|ṅkátá]]) 16:02, 2 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)

:Greetings @[[Ojiarụ:Onwuka Glory|Onwuka Glory]]. At the moment, no. We do not have an ongoing project in the Tyap WUG, but by January 6, we shall embark on a [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sw%C3%A1nga%CC%B1lyiatwuki-WikiWoordenboek_Joint_Pilot_Wiktionary_Editing Wiktionary Project]. Warm regards, [[Ojiarụ:Kambai Akau|Kambai Akau]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Kambai Akau|ṅkátá]]) 14:27, 4 Jenụwarị 2025 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 11, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250223|User group meeting 23 February]]
* User group meeting in January ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250119|minutes]]).
* The user group submitted an annual report in the new [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy/Implementation/Affiliate health criteria/Reports/2024/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|affiliate health criteria format]], and as an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2024|activity report]].
* The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030|2030 strategy]] for the user group was adopted.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/06/swiss-server-helped-optimise-wikidata-in-the-field-of-medicine/ Swiss server helped optimise Wikidata in the field of medicine] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/08/photographers-from-turkiye-tell-the-story-of-award-wining-photos-in-wiki-loves-earth-2024/ Photographers from Türkiye tell the story of award wining photos in Wiki Loves Earth 2024] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZnAp7oovlg OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Disaster Times - CEE Meeting 2024 Istanbul] (SDG 11)

; Events
* 1-28 February: [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5DC7IKHKGBEE5KOD4PY2XNKT55EA6LW4/|Wiki Loves Africa: Climate &amp; Weather ISA campaign]] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fortieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in February ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250223|minutes]]).

; Other news
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2025/Organise|Time to get ready to organize Wiki Loves Earth]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/02/05/women-of-the-future-international-womens-day-2025/ ‘Women of the Future’ – International Women’s Day 2025] (SDG 5)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/02/17/the-experts-behind-the-edits-expanding-public-understanding-of-healthcare/ The Experts Behind the Edits: Expanding public understanding of healthcare] (SDG 3)
* [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise and Ecosia Partner to Drive Sustainable Search Innovation] (SDG 13)
* A [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Policies|subproject to WikiProject Climate Change about Climate Change Policies]] has just started on Wikidata (SDG 13)

; Events
* 1 March: [[m:Event:Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire|Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire]] (SDG 8)
* 7 March [[m:Event:Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025|Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025]] (SDG 16)
* 8 March–1 April: [[m:Event:Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025|Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025]] (SDG 5)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13, 15 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/03/27/organise-your-local-wiki-loves-earth-in-2025/ Organise your local Wiki Loves Earth in 2025!] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar ID|Wikidata property proposal for the Climate Policy Radar]] (SDG 13)
* [https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/85640/NKB_Debatt_Wikipedia.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Biologists encourage other biologists to edit Wikipedia] (in Swedish) (SDG 15)
* A [[c:File:Langzeitkooperationen zwischen Museen und dem Wikipedia-Universum.pdf|presentation on long-term collaborations between museums and the Wikimedia universe]] was given on March 10 at a [https://www.kiekeberg-museum.de/fileadmin/user_upload/3_4_1_Tagungen/geplante_tagungen/Programm_Tagung_Mittwochs_ist_Museumstag_-_Langzeitkooperationen_im_Museum_10-11.3.2025_FLMK3.pdf symposium on long-term collaborations with museums in Germany](SDG 17)
* A [[c:File:Gemeinsam mehr erreichen Freies Wissen als Grundlage der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wikimedia und anderen Ehrenamtsinitiativen.pdf|presentation on existing and potential collaborations between the Wikimedia community and other volunteer communities]] was given on March 29 at a [https://tdsummit.d-s-e-e.de/ national volunteering convention] in Germany (SDG 17)

; Events
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250420|Next user group meeting: 20 April]]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250420|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/09/zombie-ants-to-bioremediation-the-world-of-entomopathogenic-fungi/ Zombie ants to bioremediation: The world of entomopathogenic fungi] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/21/with-foundation-increases-support-to-expand-disability-healthcare-information-on-wikipedia/ WITH Foundation increases support to expand disability healthcare information on Wikipedia] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/04/04/women-and-health-project-improving-the-representation-of-womens-health-on-wikipedia/ Women and Health Project: Improving the representation of women’s health on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;5)

; Events
* May 19: [[m:Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025|Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025]] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 10, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 22 June: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* Several papers presented at WikiWorkshop:
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_24.pdf EcoWikiRS: Using Species Descriptions in Wikipedia and Remote Sensing to Learn about the Ecological Properties of a Place] (SDG 15)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_6.pdf Data Extraction Methods for Analyzing Gender Bias on Wikipedia's Front Page]  (SDG 5)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_28.pdf Measuring Cross-Lingual Information Gaps in English Wikipedia: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_14.pdf Exploring Wikipedia community practices during the 2024 European Parliament election] (SDG 16)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_55.pdf Wikipedia as a Tool for Tracking Mass Migration Flows: Insights from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_65.pdf Regulations in Wikidata: The case of PFAS-related regulations] (SDG 3 &amp; 16)
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/minimal-viable-species-stub-315/ Podcast about the minimal viable species stub] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/05/media-literacy-and-responding-to-emergencies-and-disinformation/ Wikimedia UK and the Royal Society host workshop on information literacy and future health emergencies] (SDG 3)

; Events
* 16 June: [[w:en:Event:Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon|Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon]]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  6 July: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250706|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I8Nr_UamtM Biodiversidade na Wiki] (in Portuguese) (SDG 15)
* [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality] (SDG 5&amp;15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/20/rethinking-wiki-engagement-in-medical-research-insights-from-a-residency-at-nihr/ Rethinking Wiki engagement in medical research: insights from a residency at NIHR]  (SDG 3)

; Events
* 24 July: [https://mdi.georgetown.edu/events/guwikieditathonsummer2025/ Editing for Equity: Closing the Wikipedia Gender Gap] (SDG 5)
* 2 &amp; 9 August: [https://events.humanitix.com/nz-species-editathon-wellington New Zealand Species Edit-a-thon] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  6 July: User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250706|minutes]])
* We are trying to establish better governance for the user group and [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Draft by-laws|have some inspiration]] on which your comments are requested.

; Other news
* To promote sustainability and increase the visibility of the Sustainable Development Goals, the [[w:tr:Vikiproje:S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir_Kalk%C4%B1nma|&quot;Sustainable Development Wikiproject&quot; was launched on the Turkish Wikipedia]]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/11/wiki-loves-butterfly-community-led-contributions-in-dzongu-valley-north-sikkim-india/ Wiki Loves Butterfly: Community-Led Contributions in Dzongu Valley, North Sikkim, India] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/12/gender-climate-and-sustainability-my-journey-with-the-awa-fellowship-2025/ Gender, Climate and Sustainability: My Journey with the AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/amplifying-inclusion-and-climate-justice-through-open-knowledge-my-journey-as-a-fellow-under-awa-fellowship-2025/ Amplifying Inclusion and Climate Justice Through Open Knowledge: My Journey as a Fellow under AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/justice-through-open-knowledge-training-human-rights-advocate-to-document-human-rights-incident-with-wikipedia-and-wikimedia-commons/ Justice through Open Knowledge: Training Human Rights Advocate to Document Human Rights Incident with Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons] (SDG 10)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/16/wings-of-bengal-the-winners-of-wiki-loves-bangla-2025/ Wings of Bengal: The Winners of Wiki Loves Bangla 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://infomgnt.org/posts/2025-07-16-Connecting-Knowledge-with-Wikidata-a-practical-Project-with-the-Museum-fuer-Naturkunde-Berlin/ Connecting Knowledge with Wikidata: A Practical Project with the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/19/when-time-slows-down-documenting-butterflies-in-the-north-eastern-himalayas/ When Time Slows Down: Documenting Butterflies in the North Eastern Himalayas] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/wiki-loves-earth-celebrates-1000000-images-of-the-natural-heritage-worldwide/ Wiki Loves Earth celebrates 1,000,000 images of the natural heritage worldwide!] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/28/closing-content-gaps-highlights-from-my-july-as-an-awa-inclusion-and-climate-justice-fellow/ Closing Content Gaps: Highlights from my July as an AWA Inclusion and Climate Justice Fellow] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/01/thrilling-two-day-butterfly-expedition-in-central-odisha/ Thrilling Two-Day Butterfly Expedition in Central Odisha] (SDG 15)

; Events
* 6-9 August: Wikimania is coming up, and you can easily [[wikimania:2025:Registration|join remotely]]. Find [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|all sessions related to the Sustainable Development Goals]].

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  21 September: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User Group Meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/07/when-butterflies-took-over-a-classroom/ When Butterflies Took Over a Classroom] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/13/a-walk-with-butterflies-that-healed-the-heart/ A Walk with Butterflies That Healed the Heart] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/21/wikimania-2025-information-integrity-on-climate-change-on-wikimedia-projects/ Wikimania 2025: Information Integrity on Climate Change on Wikimedia projects] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/botanical-perspective-of-wikitutuwuhan-project/ Botanical Perspective of WikiTutuwuhan Project] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Past, present and future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library] (SDG 15)
* [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|All SDG related sessions at Wikimania]]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 7 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250921|minutes]])

; Other news
* The OpenStreetMap community has an initiative called &quot;[https://mapyourgrid.org/ MapYourGrid]&quot; focused on energy infrastructure on Wikidata and Open Streetmap. (SDG 7)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/18/bridging-climate-science-and-the-public-how-the-austrian-climate-report-found-a-home-on-wikipedia/ Bridging Climate Science and the Public: How the Austrian Climate Report Found a Home on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/27/microworld-a-wikimedia-fueled-microbial-exhibition-in-northern-argentina/ Microworld: a Wikimedia-fueled microbial exhibition in northern Argentina] (SDG 4)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/30/wiki-green-conference-2025/ Wiki-Green Conference 2025]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/01/ewe-language-activists-trained-to-translate-the-sustainable-development-goals-online/ Ewe Language Activists Trained to Translate the Sustainable Development Goals Online]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/11/how-wikimedia-commons-is-making-microbiology-open-lessons-from-wikimedistas-de-jujuy-argentina/ How Wikimedia Commons is making microbiology open: lessons from Wikimedistas de Jujuy, Argentina] (SDG 4)
* The [https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Faktamall_f%C3%B6retag&amp;diff=58499099&amp;oldid=57412306 Swedish Wikipedia company infobox now shows carbon emissions data] retreived from Wikidata for over 200 companies. (SDG 13)

; Events
* 6 November–3 December:  [[m:Event:Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025|Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025]] (SDG 5)
* 11 November: [[m:Event:First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] (SDG 10)
* 1–30 November: [[w:id:Wikipedia:Bulan_Asia_Wikipedia_2025|Bulan Asia Wikipedia 2025]] (SDG 10)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 11 December: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20251211|User group call]]
* As are ending the year and will be wrapping up on the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|current annual plan]] we are doing a few sprints. If every member of the user group makes just one contribution, we will finish these easily and have a great resource for the entire community. Please check out these and see if you can help out:
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Video translation|Videos with translatable subtitles]] 
*** Help by identifying which videos need translation
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Charts coordination|Charts]]
*** Help by identifying charts that should be used in SDG topics
&lt;br/&gt;

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/ Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/10/northern-argentine-wikimedians-recognized-in-regional-openstreetmap-contest/ Northern Argentine Wikimedians recognized in regional OpenStreetMap Contest] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/LMyQBP/ny-ai-modell-svenska-foretags-utslapp-av-koldioxid Garbo gräver fram siffror på utsläpp av koldioxid] news in Swedish about carbon emissions data being added to the company infoboxes (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.at/der-klimabericht-und-die-wikipedia-teil-3-wissenschaftskommunikation/ Der Klimabericht und die Wikipedia Teil 3: Wissenschaftskommunikation] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[m:SheSaid|SheSaid campaign on Wikiquote]]. From 1 September until 31 December 2025. (SDG 5)

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==  Kindly translate my Wikipedia article into your language ==

Hello, could you please translate the Wikipedia article titled &quot;Sylheti nationalism&quot; into Igbo? Thank you! [[Ojiarụ:Jacklincoln47|Jacklincoln47]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Jacklincoln47|ṅkátá]]) 16:50, 2 Jenụwarị 2026 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fiftieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  User group call, 11 December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20251211|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/08/wikiforhumanrights-2025-documenting-ghanas-just-energy-transition-through-the-lens/ WikiForHumanRights 2025: Documenting Ghana’s Just Energy Transition Through the Lens] (SDG 7)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2025/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Update_on_the_Bioeconomy_Science_Institute_Wikimedian_in_Residence|Update on the Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/14/wikiforhumanrights-2025-campaign-in-ghana/ WikiForHumanRights 2025 campaign in Ghana] (SDG 7&amp;13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/12/topics-for-impact/ Topics for impact] by Wikimedia UK
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/ Project Gayatri: A Year of Building Knowledge, Closing with Heart] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2025|annual report for 2025]] was published.
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Next user group meeting]] is 22 February.
* The drafting of the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2026|2026 annual plan]] is under way, please help.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/09/winning-images-of-the-special-category-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2025%F0%9F%A4%9D/ Winning images of the special category “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2025🤝] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* A proposal for a climate and sustainability meetup at Wikimania has been submitted. Keep your fingers crossed it gets accepted!

; Other news
* [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud Metabase], a project to create a [[m:Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Knowledge Base|movement-wide knowledgebase for activities and initiatives]], now has the property [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud/wiki/Property:P109 relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator] and all the Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators. This makes it possible to make sure that your projects and initiative that supports these are marked as doing so and also find previous efforts related to them.
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists: Why thematic engagement matters] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/influence-of-seasonal-and-eco-climatic-factors-on-butterfly-diversity-insights-from-wiki-loves-butterfly/ Influence of Seasonal and Eco-climatic Factors on Butterfly Diversity: Insights from Wiki Loves Butterfly] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/african-women-in-climate-action-a-continued-editing-journey-through-the-edither-africa-contest-2026/ African Women in Climate Action: A Continued Editing Journey through the EditHer Africa Contest 2026] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

; Events
* March is Women's History Month and also has the Internaltional Women's day, so there are plenty of related events. Check out [[m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]] to find some near you. (SDG 5)
* [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] (SDG 4, 10 &amp;17)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* There is now a [[c:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|user box template on Wikimedia Commons]] that you can use to show that you are participant of the user group. There were already user boxes on [[m:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Meta]], [[d:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Wikidata]], [[w:en:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|English]] and [[w:sv:Mall:Användare Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Swedish]] Wikipedia. If your home wiki uses user boxes but lacks one, feel free to copy any of these to it.

; Other news
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/ “Cinematic intensity”: The winners of Wiki Loves Earth 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00940-y Scientists should join collaborative online editing communities for biodiversity] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/04/15/from-lens-to-knowledge-citizen-science-through-wiki-loves-butterfly/|From Lens to Knowledge: Citizen Science through Wiki Loves Butterfly]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Wikidata type specimen data model]]  (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|Edit-a-thon &quot;Women Botanists&quot; and “Plants Around Us: Veles” workshop]] (SDG 5 &amp; 15)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:100 Days 100 Edits|100 Days 100 Edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026|Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026]] (SDG 2, 6 &amp; 7)
* May 9-10: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Projekt naturgeografi/Fotosafari: Fåglar i Skåne 2026|Bird photography trip]] in south Sweden (SDG 15)
* May 30: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Biologisk mångfald|Editathon about biodiversity]] in Stockholm (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 6, 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [[diffblog:2026/05/19/wikimedia-projects-and-the-climate-crisis-how-wiki-for-sustainable-futures-2026-is-being-built/|Wikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being BuiltWikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being Built]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7 &amp; 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/05/21/earth-day-every-day-preserving-biodiversity-on-wikipedia/ Earth Day, Every Day: Preserving Biodiversity on Wikipedia] (SDG 15)
*[[diffblog:ar/2026/05/29/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-2026-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9/|Launch of the Arabic Environmental Contest 2026: an ambitious initiative to enrich environmental content]] (SDG 2 &amp; 6 &amp; 7)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/From_the_field_to_the_free_web From the field to the free web] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5 and 10.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; In the news
* [[diffblog:2026/06/08/reading-wikipedia-in-the-classroom-in-wa-ghana-empowering-educators-with-media-and-information-literacy-skills/|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom in Wa, Ghana: Empowering Educators with Media and Information Literacy Skills]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/12/amplifying-womens-stories-and-indigenous-knowledge-feminism-and-folklore-2026-in-the-igbo-community/|Amplifying Women’s Stories and Indigenous Knowledge: Feminism and Folklore 2026 in the Igbo Community]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/13/artfeminism-network-organizers-at-eseap-conference-2026/|Art+Feminism Network Organizers at ESEAP Conference 2026]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/14/a-reflection-on-what-i-learned-at-my-first-international-womens-day-celebration/|A Reflection on What I Learned at My First International Women’s Day Celebration]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/16/from-mentee-to-builder-my-six-months-in-the-eduwiki-hub-mentorship-program/|From Mentee to Builder: My Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/16/building-skills-and-confidence-during-my-three-month-journey-through-the-on-wiki-skill-program-organized-by-africa-wiki-women/|Building Skills and Confidence During My Three-Month Journey Through the On Wiki Skill Program Organized by Africa Wiki Women]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/17/why-the-eduwiki-starter-kit-matters-for-the-future-of-education/|Why the EduWiki Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] (SDG 4)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/17/empowering-new-editors-to-bridge-the-gender-gap-my-experience-as-a-mentor-in-the-edither-africa-april-2026-contest/|Empowering New Editors to Bridge the Gender Gap: My Experience as a Mentor in the EditHer Africa April 2026 Contest]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/18/visible-women-edit-a-thon-piloting-a-collaborative-approach-to-free-knowledge-in-hong-kong/|Visible Women Edit-a-thon: Piloting a Collaborative Approach to Free Knowledge in Hong Kong]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/23/guiding-new-voices-training-women-in-wikidata-during-the-april-edither-africa-contest/|Guiding New Voices: Training Women in Wikidata during the April EditHer Africa Contest]] (SDG 5)
* [[diffblog:2026/06/23/wikimedia-community-usergroup-botswana-in-collaboration-with-art-and-feminism-on-wikidata-mobile-training-2026/|Wikimedia Community Usergroup Botswana in collaboration with Art and Feminism on Wikidata Mobile Training 2026]] (SDG 5)

; Events
* 10-18 July: [[m:Event:Wikiwomen Camp 2026|Wikiwomen Camp 2026]] (SDG 5)
* 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers &amp; Frauen 14.07.2026|Queers &amp; Frauen]] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)
* 21-25 July: Wikimania is coming up and there are plenty of sessions related to sustainable development. There is now a dedicated page for those sessions at [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions]].
* 23 July: [[m:Event:From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements|From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements]] (SDG 10)
* 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers &amp; Frauen 28.07.2026|Queers &amp; Frauen]] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

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  <page>
    <title>Public holidays in Ghana</title>
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E nwere ihe dị ka '''ezumike ọha na eze''' iri na atọ a ma ama na Ghana, mba dị na mpaghara Sahara n'Africa. Ezumike mba bụ Ụbọchị Nnwere Onwe nke dị na 6th nke Machị. Ọ bụ Ụbọchị Mba ma na-eme ya iji kwanyere ncheta nnwere onwe Ghana site na United Kingdom na 1957.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Independence Day in Ghana in 2022|url=https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/ghana/ghana-independence-day|accessdate=2022-02-19|work=Office Holidays|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nke a bụ ndepụta nke '''ezumike ọha na eze''' na '''[[Ghana]]'''.

== Ememe ezumike mba ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ụbọchị
!Aha Bekee
!Nkọwa
|-
|Jenụwarị 1
|Ụbọchị Afọ Ọhụrụ
|&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|Jenụwarị 7
|Ụbọchị Iwu
|Iwu nke 1992 na Republic nke anọ nke 1993.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitution Day in Ghana in 2021|url=https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/ghana/ghana-constitution-day|work=Office Holidays|accessdate=August 23, 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|March 6
|Ụbọchị Nnwere Onwe
|Dominion nke Ghana guzobere n'ime Commonwealth of Nations na 1957.
|-
|Fraịdee tupu Ista
|Good Friday
|Ịkpọgide Jizọs n'obe
|-
|Mọnde mgbe Ista gasịrị
|[[Ista Mọnde|Mọnde Ista]]
|&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|Mee 1
|Ụbọchị May
|Ụbọchị Ndị Ọrụ
|-
|1 Shawwal
|Eid al-Fitr
|Ememme Ịkwụsị Ibu Ụtọ
|-
|10 Dhu al-Hijjah
|Eid al-Adha
|Ememe Ịchụ àjà
|-
|Ọgọst 4
|Ụbọchị Ndị Tọrọ ntọala
|Na-asọpụrụ Big Six ndị rụrụ ọrụ maka nnwere onwe Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public holidays in Ghana in 2021|url=https://calendarific.com/holidays/2021/GH|work=Calendarific|accessdate=December 11, 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|21 Septemba
|Ụbọchị Ncheta Kwame Nkrumah
|Ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke Nkrumah, praịm minista mbụ (1957-1960) na onye isi ala mbụ (1960-1966) nke Ghana
|-
|Fraịdee mbụ na Disemba
|Ụbọchị Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo
|Na-amata ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọkụ azụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Farmers' Day 2020, 2021 and 2022 in Ghana|url=https://publicholidays.africa/ghana/farmers-day/|work=PublicHolidays.africa|accessdate=August 23, 2020|archivedate=April 13, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413042121/https://publicholidays.africa/ghana/farmers-day/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Disemba 25
|Ụbọchị Krismas
|Ọmụmụ Jizọs
|-
|Disemba 26
|Ụbọchị Ịkụ Aka
|&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}

# N'ịbụ nke Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo webatara, a haziri Ụbọchị Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo Mba dị ka ọrụ ụbọchị maka mba ahụ iji sọpụrụ ndị ọrụ ugbo ya na-arụsi ọrụ ike, na asambodo na ihe nrite, ndị mere nke ọma na onyinye ha iji melite ngalaba [[Oru ugbo|ọrụ ugbo]].  N'afọ 1988, gọọmentị họpụtara Fraịdee mbụ nke Disemba ọ bụla dị ka ''Ụbọchị Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo'' ma na-eme emume dị ka ezumike ọha na eze.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Farmers' Day 2020, 2021 and 2022 in Ghana|url=https://publicholidays.africa/ghana/farmers-day/|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=PublicHolidays.africa|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-04-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413042121/https://publicholidays.africa/ghana/farmers-day/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Farmer's Day in Ghana in 2020|url=https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/ghana/ghana-farmers-day|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=Office Holidays|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ewezuga Ụbọchị Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo nke na-adị mgbe niile na Fraịdee, mgbe ụbọchị ndị a na-ada na ngwụsị izu, a na-ekwukarị na Mọnde na-esote bụ ezumike.
# A na-eme emume ncheta Kwame Nkrumah iji cheta ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke Dr. Kwame Ncrumah, onye isi ala mbụ nke Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Today-remains-Founder-s-Day-Mahama-686722|title=Today remains Founder's Day - Mahama|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-01-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Ụbọchị Iwu bụ ezumike ọha na eze ọhụrụ a họpụtara, nke a ga-eme malite na 7 Jenụwarị 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://goldchestgh.com/blog/public-holidays-ghana|title=Holidays in Ghana 2019|work=goldchestgh.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-01-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụghị iwu na ụlọ ọrụ/otu ndị Ghana niile na-amata ezumike ọha. Ụlọ ọrụ/ụlọ ọrụ a napụrụ agụpụ gụnyere; Ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ nke Ghana, ndị na-ere nri, ụfọdụ ụdị ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike dịka ụlọ ọgwụ, ndị na-ere ahịa na ngwaahịa ọgwụ wdg.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rita Orji</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360451864|Rita Orji (politician)]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Rita Orji
| office              = Federal Representative
| constituency        = [[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]]
| occupation          = Politician
| party               = [[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)]] (PDP)
| term_start          = 2015
| term_end            = 2019
}}
Rita Orji bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa. Ọ bụbu onye otu ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya, na-anọchite anya Ajeromi Ifelodun Federal Constituency nke Lagos State n'oge nzukọ omeiwu nke asatọ.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bankole|first=Idowu|date=2021-12-29|title=It's time to rescue, rebuild Nigeria — Ex-Reps Member, Rita Orji|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/12/its-time-to-rescue-rebuild-nigeria-ex-reps-member-rita-orji/#google_vignette|accessdate=2025-01-22|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-09-26|title=Birthday: Makinde's Ally, Hon Rita Orji Clocks Another Year In Grand Style|url=https://independent.ng/birthday-makindes-ally-hon-rita-orji-clocks-another-year-in-grand-style/|accessdate=2025-01-22|language=en-GB|work=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=sunnews|date=2019-04-14|title=Ajeromi/Ifelodun-election-Obey-court-order-PDP-Rita-Orji-tell-INEC|url=https://thesun.ng/ajeromi-ifelodun-election-obey-court-order-pdp-rita-orji-tell-inec/|accessdate=2025-01-22|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>James Oyedeji</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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{{Infobox person|name=James Oyedeji|image=|caption=Sports historian James Oyedeji|alt=Headshot of James Oyedeji in a TV station|birth_date={{Birth-date|June 1953}}|death_date={{Death date and given age|2016|05|04|63|df=y}}|death_place=[[Accra]], Ghana|nationality=[[Ghanaian people|Ghanaian]]|occupation={{hlist | Historian | businessperson }}}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

'''James Oyedeji''' (June 1953 - 4 May 2016), nke a na-akpọ Uncle Bode ma ọ bụ Uncle Bodey, bụ onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwuregwu na Ghana, [[Ghana|onye]] bụkwa Chief Executive nke Tudu Mighty Jets.&lt;ref name=&quot;GSN&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/breaking-news-ghanas-finest-football-historian-james-oyedeji-dies-at-age-63|title=Ghana's finest football historian James Oyedeji dies at age 63|work=Ghana Soccernet|date=6 April 2016|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://pulse.com.gh/sports/james-oyedeji-ghanaian-football-historian-dies-at-63-id4888414.html|title=Ghanaian football historian dies at 63|work=Pulse Ghana|date=6 April 2016|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Goal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4389/ghanaian-football/2014/08/19/5044117/black-stars-3-3-real-madrid-ghanas-forgotten-football-match|title=Black Stars 3-3 Real Madrid: Ghana's 'forgotten' football match|work=Goal.com|date=19 August 2014|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GSO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://ghanasportsonline.com/index.php/local-football-news/item/8167-sad-veteran-ghanaian-football-historian-james-oyedeji-dead|title=SAD: Veteran Ghanaian football historian James Oyedeji dead|work=Ghana Sports Online|date=6 April 2016|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SS&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/ghana/news/160412/James_Oyedeji_passes_on|title=James Oyedeji passes on|author=Al-Smith|first=Gary|work=[[SuperSport (South African TV channel)|SuperSport]]|date=12 April 2016|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Oyedeji nwere nzere MSc nke akụ na ụba.&lt;ref name=&quot;MJO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/sports/2016/April-6th/james-oyedeji-dies-at-63.php|title=James Oyedeji dies at 63|work=Joy Sports|date=6 April 2016|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwuregwu, a na-akpọ ya &quot;Uncle Bodey&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Uncle bodey&quot; n'ihi ihe ọmụma ya dị ukwuu banyere egwuregwu West Africa, ọkachasị bọọlụ na ịkụ ọkpọ&lt;ref name=&quot;GSN&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Goal&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GSO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://ghanasportsonline.com/index.php/local-football-news/item/8167-sad-veteran-ghanaian-football-historian-james-oyedeji-dead|title=SAD: Veteran Ghanaian football historian James Oyedeji dead|work=Ghana Sports Online|date=6 April 2016|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160412211252/http://ghanasportsonline.com/index.php/local-football-news/item/8167-sad-veteran-ghanaian-football-historian-james-oyedeji-dead &quot;SAD: Veteran Ghanaian football historian James Oyedeji dead&quot;]. ''Ghana Sports Online''. 6 April 2016. Archived from [http://ghanasportsonline.com/index.php/local-football-news/item/8167-sad-veteran-ghanaian-football-historian-james-oyedeji-dead the original] on 12 April 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;19 June&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SS&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MJO&quot; /&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka Chief Executive nke Tudu mighty jets and okwawu united .&lt;ref name=&quot;GSN&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GSO&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sportscrusader.com/fa-must-concentrate-more-on-colts-development-james-oyediyie/|title=FA Must Concentrate More On Colts Development – James Oyedeji|author=Abacha|first=Saani|work=Sports Crusader|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnwụ ==
Oyedeji nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 63 na 4 June 2016 na 37 Ụlọ ọgwụ ndị agha na Accra mgbe ọ nwesịrị ọrịa strok; a nabatara ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ na 2015 n'ihi nsogbu obi.&lt;ref name=&quot;GSN&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GSO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://ghanasportsonline.com/index.php/local-football-news/item/8167-sad-veteran-ghanaian-football-historian-james-oyedeji-dead|title=SAD: Veteran Ghanaian football historian James Oyedeji dead|work=Ghana Sports Online|date=6 April 2016|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160412211252/http://ghanasportsonline.com/index.php/local-football-news/item/8167-sad-veteran-ghanaian-football-historian-james-oyedeji-dead &quot;SAD: Veteran Ghanaian football historian James Oyedeji dead&quot;]. ''Ghana Sports Online''. 6 April 2016. Archived from [http://ghanasportsonline.com/index.php/local-football-news/item/8167-sad-veteran-ghanaian-football-historian-james-oyedeji-dead the original] on 12 April 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;19 June&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SS&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://footballlive.ng/footballnews/world-news/celebrated-ghanaian-football-historian-james-oyedeji-recuperating-well-from-suspected-heart-failure/|title=Celebrated Ghanaian football historian James Oyedeji recuperating well from suspected heart failure|work=Football Live|date=18 February 2015|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; E ji emume otu izu mara ọnwụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;SS&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
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{{Infobox person|name=James Oyedeji|image=|caption=Sports historian James Oyedeji|alt=Headshot of James Oyedeji in a TV station|birth_date={{Birth-date|June 1953}}|death_date={{Death date and given age|2016|05|04|63|df=y}}|death_place=[[Accra]], Ghana|nationality=[[Ghanaian people|Ghanaian]]|occupation={{hlist | Historian | businessperson }}}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

'''James Oyedeji''' (June 1953 - 4 May 2016), nke a na-akpọ Uncle Bode ma ọ bụ Uncle Bodey, bụ onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwuregwu na Ghana, [[Ghana|onye]] bụkwa Chief Executive nke Tudu Mighty Jets.&lt;ref name=&quot;GSN&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/breaking-news-ghanas-finest-football-historian-james-oyedeji-dies-at-age-63|title=Ghana's finest football historian James Oyedeji dies at age 63|work=Ghana Soccernet|date=6 April 2016|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://pulse.com.gh/sports/james-oyedeji-ghanaian-football-historian-dies-at-63-id4888414.html|title=Ghanaian football historian dies at 63|work=Pulse Ghana|date=6 April 2016|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Goal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4389/ghanaian-football/2014/08/19/5044117/black-stars-3-3-real-madrid-ghanas-forgotten-football-match|title=Black Stars 3-3 Real Madrid: Ghana's 'forgotten' football match|work=Goal.com|date=19 August 2014|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GSO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://ghanasportsonline.com/index.php/local-football-news/item/8167-sad-veteran-ghanaian-football-historian-james-oyedeji-dead|title=SAD: Veteran Ghanaian football historian James Oyedeji dead|work=Ghana Sports Online|date=6 April 2016|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SS&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/ghana/news/160412/James_Oyedeji_passes_on|title=James Oyedeji passes on|author=Al-Smith|first=Gary|work=[[SuperSport (South African TV channel)|SuperSport]]|date=12 April 2016|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Oyedeji nwere nzere MSc nke akụ na ụba.&lt;ref name=&quot;MJO&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/sports/2016/April-6th/james-oyedeji-dies-at-63.php|title=James Oyedeji dies at 63|work=Joy Sports|date=6 April 2016|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwuregwu, a na-akpọ ya &quot;Uncle Bodey&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Uncle bodey&quot; n'ihi ihe ọmụma ya dị ukwuu banyere egwuregwu West Africa, ọkachasị bọọlụ na ịkụ ọkpọ&lt;ref name=&quot;GSN&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Goal&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GSO&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SS&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MJO&quot; /&gt; Ọ  ọrụ dị ka Chief Executive nke Tudu mighty jets and okwawu united .&lt;ref name=&quot;GSN&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GSO&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sportscrusader.com/fa-must-concentrate-more-on-colts-development-james-oyediyie/|title=FA Must Concentrate More On Colts Development – James Oyedeji|author=Abacha|first=Saani|work=Sports Crusader|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnwụ ==
Oyedeji nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 63 na 4 June 2016 na 37 Ụlọ ọgwụ ndị agha na Accra mgbe ọ nwesịrị ọrịa strok; a nabatara ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ na 2015 n'ihi nsogbu obi.&lt;ref name=&quot;GSN&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GSO&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SS&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://footballlive.ng/footballnews/world-news/celebrated-ghanaian-football-historian-james-oyedeji-recuperating-well-from-suspected-heart-failure/|title=Celebrated Ghanaian football historian James Oyedeji recuperating well from suspected heart failure|work=Football Live|date=18 February 2015|accessdate=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; E ji emume otu izu mara ọnwụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;SS&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
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    <title>Egwuregwu mmeghari ahụ</title>
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Egwuregwu mmeghari ahụ bụ '''egwuregwu''' asọmpi sitere na mmeghari ahụ ọdịnala nke a na-eme ihe mgbagwoju anya, usoro mmegharị siri ike na ihe ndị siri ike dịgasị iche iche na egwu.

== Etu egwuregwu ya di ==
Ebe arụmọrụ bụ 7 mita (23 ft) square maka junios maọbu 10 mita (33 ) square maka ndị okenye na maka ịgba egwú mmeghari ahụ nakwa otú ije

Na asọmpi mba ụwa, e nwere ihe omume itolu  dị iche iche: Ndị inyom n'otu n'otu, Ndị ikom n'otu na ndị abụọ, Trios, Ìgwè (ndị na-eme egwuregwu ise), Step Dance (ndị egwuregwu asatọ) na trapezium pass. Mmadụ anọ ikpeazụ bụ n'agbanyeghị nwoke na nwanyị nke ndị na-eme egwuregwu.

N'asọmpi ahụ, enwere ihe achọrọ maka uwe ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ihe ndị a rụrụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndị a na-ebuli elu, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a rụrụ n'ala na ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ.

A na-eme ihe ngosi na mpaghara ndị a: nka, igbu, ihe isi ike na oche nke ndị ọka ikpe na-ekpebi mwepụ ikpeazụ dabere na mwepụ nke na-agbanwe na koodu ọ bụla. Ọ bụrụ na akara ndị a jikọtara ọnụ bụ otu, onye na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu bụ otu ndị nwere akara kachasị elu.

== Ịma aka egwuregwu mmeghari ahụ ==
Ngalaba na ahụ maka egwuregwu mmeghari bụ asọmpi egwuregwu mmeghari ahụ nke  malitere na 1984 na United States. Nke ndi n'ahụ maka mgbasi ike guzobere, ọ bụ nnukwu asọmpi mbụ na egwuregwu ahụ tupu asọmpi maka ịma aka nke egwuregwu mmeghari ahụ ihe dika afọ iri na otu 1. Site na 1988 gaa n'ihu, e kewara ihe omume ndị ahụ n'otu n'otu na ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, ngwakọta abụọ na otu.  Egwuregwu ahụ ghọrọ ihe a ma ama n'ụwa niile mgbe ọ nwetara ewu ewu na US mgbe a na-egosi nnukwu asọmpi na ESPN n'oge oke nke mmega ahụ na US. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, egwuregwu ahụ enweela ọganihu n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe, China, Argentina, Mexico, Canada na Australia n'etiti mba ndị ọzọ mana ọ rụghị elu nke ukwuu na US ka ndị mepụtara egwuregwu ahụ na USA gbalịrị ịgbanwe uche site na ahụike gaa na mmega ahụ.  Dị ka mba ndị ọzọ jikọtara nke ọma na ndị otu egwuregwu mmega ahụ ha, US, ebe e mepụtara egwuregwu ahụ, enwebeghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'ime mgbanwe ahụ.  USA Gymnastics anaghị anabata egwuregwu ahụ dị ka ọzụzụ mmega ahụ n'agbanyeghị na òtù na-achị mba ụwa, FIG, na-eme ya.

=== Egwuregwu mmeghari ahụ FIG ===
Egwuregwu mmega ahụ na-asọmpi na-achịkwa Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). FIG na-emepụta Code of Points ma na-achịkwa akụkụ niile nke asọmpi mba ụwa. N'ime mba ọ bụla, egwuregwu mmega ahụ na-achịkwa site na njikọ mba. N'afọ 1995, FIG nabatara egwuregwu aerobics dị ka asọmpi egwuregwu mmega ahụ ọhụrụ, ha haziri ndị ọkàikpe na ndị nkuzi ma malite 1st Aerobic Gymnastics World Championships na Paris (mba 34) N'afọ 1997, IWGA (International World Games Association) gụnyere Aerobic Gymnastics na mmemme ya nke 5th World Games (Lahti, [[Finland]]). Kemgbe afọ 1999 European Union of Gymnastics anọwo na-eduzi asọmpi Aerobic European Gymnastics Championship n'afọ niile na-adịghị mma. Mba ndị na-eduga na-enye ndị nrite ụwa bụ: [[Ostraliya|Australia]], [[Brazil]], [[Bulgaria]], Chile, [[Chile|China]], [[France]], [[Hungary]], Italy, [[Japan]], [[Korea]], [[New Zealand]], [[Romania]], Russia na [[Spain]].

=== Egwuregwu Fisaf ===
FISAF na-anọchite anya Federation of International Sport Aerobics and Fitness. Ọ bụ òtù na-anọghị n'otu, nke na-abụghị maka uru, nke mba ụwa na-eme egwuregwu aerobics nwere ihe karịrị mba 30 gburugburu ụwa.

== Omenala Ama ama ==
DeA gbakwunyere egwuregwu ahụ na asọmpi Idol Star Athletics Championships maka Lunar New Year, 2017 dị ka otu ụmụ nwoke nke ya na ụmụ nwanyị na-eme egwuregwu mmega ahụ, a na-enyekwa akara dịka FIG Standards si dị. Iri na asaa (9.8 Technical+9.3 Execution-0.0 Penalty) na ASTRO (9.75+9.45-0.1) nwetara 19.10 n'ime 20.00, mana ebe ọ bụ na ASTro nwetara akara dị elu na Execution, ASTRO meriri ihe omume mmeghe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/kpop/comments/5qzllz/isac_idol_star_athletics_championships/|title=ISAC (Idol Star Athletics Championships) Performances and Results 2017 Seollal Special • r/kpop|work=reddit|language=en|accessdate=31 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn na-atọ ọchị nke America Key &amp; Peele, duo ahụ na-akọwa ihe nkiri vidio nke '80s nke National Aerobic Championship na eserese na-egosi ndị na-agba egwu aerobic na-enwe ọgba aghara mgbe ha na-agba egwú na abụ isiokwu nke asọmpi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bustle.com/articles/50330-key-peele-turn-infamous-aerobics-video-into-a-chilling-story-of-murder-video|title='Key &amp; Peele' Turn Infamous Aerobics Video Into A Chilling Story Of Murder — VIDEO}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==</text>
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
{{Databox}}

'''Paul Franklin Watson''' (amụrụ na Disemba 2, 1950) bụ onye Canada-America naahụ maka nchekwa na [[Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi|gburugburu ebe obibi]], onye guzobere [[Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Òtù Nchekwa|Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Conservation Society]], otu naemegide ịchụ nta nazighị ezi naelekwasị anya na nchekwa mmiri. Atụmatụ ndị Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri ji mee ihe dọtara ndị mmegide, ebe gọọmentị Japan na [[Greenpeace]] boro ndị otu ahụ ebubo iyi ọha egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph 2009-04-17&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/5166346/Paul-Watson-Sea-Shepherd-eco-warrior-fighting-to-stop-whaling-and-seal-hunts.html|title=Paul Watson: Sea Shepherd eco-warrior fighting to stop whaling and seal hunts|accessdate=July 15, 2009|date=April 17, 2009|work=The Daily Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HARDLINE&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&amp;objectid=10619393|title=Hardline warrior in war to save the whale|date=January 11, 2010|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|accessdate=November 2, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2008/04/14/williams-watson.html|title=Williams assails anti-sealing activist Watson as 'terrorist'|publisher=CBC|date=April 14, 2008|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watson bụ nwa amaala [[Kánada|Canada]] na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]].

Nwa amaala Toronto sonyeere ngagharị iwe Sierra Club megide nnwale nuklia na 1969. Nihi na Watson rụrụ ụka maka atụmatụ nke ime ihe kpọmkwem nke naemegide nkọwa Greenpeace nke enweghị ime ihe ike, a chụpụrụ ya na bọọdụ ahụ na 1977.  Otú ọ dị, Greenpeace ekwuola na Watson bụ onye otu mbụ nwere mmetụta, mana ọ bụghị otu nime ndị guzobere Greenpeace.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 December 2008|title=Greenpeace: Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826061748/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/|archivedate=26 August 2014|accessdate=22 November 2012|publisher=Greenpeace}}&lt;/ref&gt; Notu afọ ahụ, o guzobere Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Society. Otu ahụ bụ isiokwu nke ihe ngosi nke a naakpọ Whale Wars.

Ọ naakwalite veganism, mbelata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na biocentric, karịa anthropocentric, echiche ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.animalsaustralia.org/media/opinion.php?op=42|title=A Very Inconvenient Truth // Animals Australia|publisher=Animalsaustralia.org|accessdate=May 22, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecospherics.net/pages/wonw.htm|title=About the Authors|publisher=Ecospherics.net|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archivedate=November 8, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108140818/http://www.ecospherics.net/pages/wonw.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ Watson emeela ka ndị ọchịchị na mba ndị gụnyere United States, Canada, [[Norway]], Costa Rica na Japan mee ihe nụzọ iwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2012/12/17/12-35266.pdf|title=Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington Richard A. Jones, District Judge, Presiding|first=Molly|author=Dwyer|publisher=United States Court of Appeals|date=December 17, 2012|accessdate=January 5, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; E jidere ya na [[Jémanị|Germany]] na arịrịọ nke Costa Rica na Mee 2012. E nyere ọkwa Interpol na Septemba 14, 2012, na arịrịọ nke [[Japan]] na Costa Rica.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News-media-releases/2012/N20120914|title=N20120914 / 2012 / News &amp; media releases / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL|publisher=Interpol.int|date=September 14, 2012|accessdate=August 22, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920030056/http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News-media-releases/2012/N20120914|archivedate=September 20, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ nọrọ noké osimiri ruo ọnwa 15 mgbe ọ gbapụrụ na Germany, ebe a tọhapụrụ ya na mgbapụta, ọ laghachiri na Los Angeles na mbubreyo October 2013, naaga site na omenala na &quot;ejideghị ya&quot;. Ọ pụtara nihu ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị ikpe US na Nọvemba 6, 2013, naekwu na ya ma ọ bụ Sea Shepherd Conservation Society emebighị iwu 2012 nke chọrọ ka ha hapụ naanị ụgbọ mmiri whaling. Ọ bụ ezie na United States bụ onye naedebanye aha na Interpol, Watson ejidebeghị maka ibuga Japan ma ọ bụ Costa Rica. Ọ naebi na Vermont, naede akwụkwọ. Ọ nọ na Paris ka ọnwa Julaị 1, 2014, mana ọ lọghachila United States kemgbe.

Na Machị 2019, Costa Rica wepụrụ ebubo niile megide Watson ma wepụ ọkwa uhie nke Interpol.&lt;ref name=&quot;maritime-executive.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/costa-rica-drops-charges-against-sea-shepherd-s-paul-watson|title=Costa Rica Drops Charges Against Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido na ndụ onwe onye ==
Dị ka Sea Shepherd Conservation Society si kwuo, Paul Watson mụrụ na Toronto nye Anthony Joseph Watson na Annamarie Larsen, ma tolite na St. Andrews, New Brunswick, ya na ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ na ụmụnne atọ. Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ọ bụ onye otu n'ime ọgbakọ obiọma, bụ nke o kwuru na ọ kụziiri ya ka ọ &quot;naasọpụrụ na ịgbachitere anụmanụ&quot;. Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ dị ka onye ndu njem na Expo 67, ngosi ngosi ụwa nke mere na Montreal na 1967, Watson kwagara Vancouver.

Dị ka Sea Shepherd Conservation Society si kwuo, na 1968 na mmalite 1970s, ọ sonyeere ndị Canada Coast Guard, ebe ọ naeje ozi nụgbọ mmiri ihu igwe, nchọta na nnapụta, na ihe nrịbama. Ọ debanyere aha dị ka onye naanya ụgbọ mmiri na 1969 na ndị Consulate Norwegian na Vancouver wee bupu nụgbọ mmiri 30,000 ton Bris dị ka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Edebara aha Bris ahụ na Oslo, Norway, ma gosipụta ya maka azụmaahịa India na Pacific. Nafọ 1972, o si na San Francisco si na San Francisco pụta na ụgbọ mmiri Sweden bụ Jarl R. Trapp naebu ton 35,000 wee gosipụta maka ahia mmiri India na Pacific.

Watson nwere otu nwa nwanyị, Lilliolani (amụrụ nafọ 1980), ya na nwunye mbụ ya, Starlet Lum, onye bụ onye isi nke Greenpeace Quebec, Earthforce!, Project Wolf, na Sea Shepherd.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Captain Watson's Biography|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/captain-watsons-biography.html|publisher=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society|accessdate=May 28, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120504104656/http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/captain-watsons-biography.html|archivedate=May 4, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/07/science/earth/kumi-naidoo-greenpeace-director-forges-a-broader-path-to-activism.html|title=Greenpeace leader visits boardroom, without forsaking social activism|first=John|author=Broder|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 6, 2011|accessdate=January 22, 2013|quote='It's all about extreme political correctness,' said Paul Watson, a founding director of Greenpeace who is now the head of Sea Shepherd}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwunye ya nke abụọ, Lisa Distefano, onye bụbu onye naeme ihe nkiri Playboy, bụ onye isi ọrụ nke Sea Shepherd n'oge mkpọsa Makah naemegide igbu whale na Friday Harbor. Nwunye ya nke atọ, Allison Lance, bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ anụmanụ na onye ọrụ afọ ofufo nke Sea Shepherd. Watson nwere ụmụ ụmụ abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-031206-3.html|title=Prosecutor Agrees to Release Allison and Alex but Fines Sea Shepherd for Freeing Dolphins! - Sea Shepherd|date=2003-12-03|accessdate=2011-12-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915133619/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-031206-3.html|archivedate=September 15, 2010|quote=&quot;Prosecutor Agrees to Release Allison and Alex jailed 22 days ... but Fines Sea Shepherd 800,000 Yen ($8,000 US) for freeing dolphins!&quot; December 3, 2003.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://komonews.com/archive/animal-rights-activist-arrested-in-seattle-grand-jury-probe|title=Animal rights activist arrested in Seattle grand jury probe|publisher=Komo Staff and News Services|date=2004-01-15|accessdate=2016-07-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Shukovsky|first=Paul|title=No perjury charges vs. animal activist|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|date=2004-09-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watson lụrụ nwunye ya nke anọ Yana Rusinovich na Febụwarị 14, 2015, na Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Yana&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lopez|first=Jaime|url=http://news.co.cr/sea-shepherds-paul-watson-gets-married-valentines-day/37019/|title=Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson Gets Married on Valentine's Day|work=The Costa Rica Star|date=February 14, 2015|accessdate=March 4, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watson na Rusinovich nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://celebritybabies.people.com/2016/10/05/whale-wars-captain-paul-watson-welcomes-son/|title=Whale Wars' Captain Paul Watson Welcomes Son Tiger|accessdate=January 19, 2018|archivedate=January 19, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119175542/http://celebritybabies.people.com/2016/10/05/whale-wars-captain-paul-watson-welcomes-son/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Watson gbara ọsọ maka ndị omeiwu na ntuli aka gọọmentị etiti nke Canada ugboro abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-05-15/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-profile/4011498|title=Paul Watson: the man behind Sea Shepherd|date=2012-05-15|work=ABC News|language=en-AU|accessdate=2020-04-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị ==

=== Afọ ndị mbụ ===
Nọnwa Ọktoba nafọ 1969, Watson sonyeere Sierra Club naeme ngagharị iwe megide nnwale nuklia na Amchitka Island. Otu nke e guzobere n'ihi ngagharị iwe ahụ bụ Don't Make a Wave Committee, nke ghọrọ otu a maara taa dị ka [[Greenpeace]].&lt;ref name=&quot;GreenpeaceHistory&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Weyler|first=Rex|authorlink=Rex Weyler|title=Waves of Compassion|work=[[Utne Reader]]|date=October 9, 2007|publisher=Ogden Publications|url=http://www.utne.com/archives/WavesofCompassion.aspx|accessdate=February 4, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mbido afọ 1970, Watson naarụkwa ọrụ na Vancouver Liberation Front na Vancouver Yippies.&lt;ref name=&quot;Larry Gambone page 97&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Gambone|first=Larry|title=No Regrets|publisher=Black Cat Press|year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watson ji ụgbọ mmiri dị ka onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace Too! nafọ 1971 wee bụrụ onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri ''Greenpeace'' Astral nafọ 1972.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribute&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paul Watson bio|work=Tribute.ca|publisher=Tribute Entertainment Media Group|url=http://www.tribute.ca/people/Paul+Watson/17619/13579|accessdate=February 4, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SS Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paul Watson Biography|publisher=[[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/crew-watson.html|accessdate=July 27, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080727083020/http://www.seashepherd.org/crew-watson.html|archivedate=July 27, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paul Watson gara n'ihu dị ka onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri, onye isi ụgbọ mmiri, na onye isi ụgbọ elu n'ọtụtụ njem Greenpeace n'etiti afọ ndị 1970.

Dị ka The New Yorker, ''The New York Times'', na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ si kwuo, Watson bụ onye guzobere Greenpeace, mana nzukọ ahụ naagọnahụ nke a naekwu na ọ &quot;bụ onye otu mbụ nwere mmetụta ma ọ bụghị, dịka ọ naekwu mgbe ụfọdụ, ''onye'' guzobere&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;GreenpeaceSeaShepherdHistory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Greenpeace Attempts to Make Captain Paul Watson &quot;Disappear&quot;|publisher=seashepherd.org|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|accessdate=June 23, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304220727/http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|archivedate=March 4, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=On the Frontlines: With Captain Paul Watson and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society|year=2009|journal=[[Resistance: Journal of the Earth Liberation Movement]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/23/world/asia/23whale.html|title=Battle Against Whaling, Groups Split on Strategy|work=[[The New York Times]]|quote=&quot;The shift infuriates Paul Watson, the Sea Shepherd founder and the captain of the ''Steve Irwin''. One of the original founders of Greenpeace in the early 1970s, he parted ways with the group in 1978 because he wanted it to be more aggressive.&quot;|date=2008-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and|title=Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts|publisher=Greenpeace.org|accessdate=October 31, 2009|archivedate=May 1, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501013513/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Greenpeace naazọrọ na Watson sonyeere Greenpeace na njem Amchitka ya, nke ha naazọ na ọ bụ njem nke abụọ ha, mana Paul Watson na-azụta na nke a bụ nzukọ mbụ nke [[Greenpeace]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sea Shepherd International: Paul Watson and Greenpeace|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|publisher=Sea Shepherd Conservational Society|accessdate=February 25, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304220727/http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|archivedate=March 4, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sea Shepherd Conservation Society ===
A zụrụ ụgbọ mmiri mbụ nke Sea Shepherd, Sea Shepherd na Disemba 1978 site n'enyemaka nke Fund for Animals na Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribute&quot;/&gt; Noge naadịghị anya, Sea Shepherd guzobere onwe ya dị ka otu n'ime òtù ndị na-ese okwu na gburugburu ebe obibi, nke a maara maka usoro mmegide na-akpali akpali. Atụmatụ ndị a gụnyere ịtụba ihe nelu ụgbọ mmiri ndị naegbu whale, iji &quot;prop foulers&quot; na mgbalị imebi ụgbọ mmiri, ịbanye ụgbọ mmiri ndị a naegbu egbu whale, na ịkụtu ụgbọ mmiri abụọ nọdụ ụgbọ mmiri [[Iceland]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Iceland&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Whaling Ships Refloated in Iceland|work=The New York Times|date=November 20, 1986|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE3D81E3BF933A15752C1A960948260|accessdate=February 11, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Na Jenụwarị 2013, Watson hapụrụ ọkwa onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri ''Steve Irwin''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Andrew Darby|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/australia/8154923/Sea-Shepherd-founder-steps-down|title=Sea Shepherd founder steps down|work=Stuff.co.nz|date=January 8, 2013|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nzukọ ahụ na ọrụ ya iji kwụsị igbu whale bụ ihe a naelekwasị anya na usoro ihe nkiri TV, Whale Wars, nke a naegosi na Animal Planet.

Nafọ 2010, Watson nonwe ya natara ihe karịrị $ 120,000 site na Sea Shepherd.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Daniel|author=Proussalidis|url=http://www.tillsonburgnews.com/2012/08/02/germans-search-for-eco-fugitive-paul-watson|title=Germans search for Watson|publisher=Tillsonburg News|date=August 3, 2012|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nihi nsogbu iwu naarịwanye elu, Watson kwụsịrị dị ka onye isi nke Sea Shepherd Conservation Society na 2013, iji mezuo iwu naegbochi ya ịnọ nso na ụgbọ mmiri ndị Japan. Mgbe ngwọta nke okwu iwu metụtara ụlọ ọrụ Japan maka nyocha Cetacean, Watson laghachiri dị ka onye isi oche nke Sea Shepherd Conservation Society na onye isi nke ụgbọ mmiri Sea Shepherd.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=CBC News|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2013/01/08/canada-paul-watson-sea-shepherd-conservation-society-president.html|title=Paul Watson quits Sea Shepherd over U.S. court order – World – CBC News|work=Cbc.ca|date=January 8, 2013|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe omume ndị ọzọ na gburugburu ebe obibi ===
Watson bụ onye nnọchi anya ndị na-ahụ maka anụ ọhịa site na 1976 ruo 1980 na onye nnọchianya maka Fund for Animals site na 1978 ruo 1981.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribute&quot;/&gt; Watson bụkwa onye guzobere Friends of the Wolf na Earthforce Environmental Society.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tribute&quot; /&gt;

N'ime afọ 1980, Watson kwupụtara nkwado ya maka Earth First! ma zụlite ọbụbụenyi ya na David Foreman na Edward Abbey. O kwupụtara na Sea Shepherd bụ &quot;ụgbọ mmiri&quot; nke Earth First! Dị ka The New Yorker si kwuo, Watson weghachiri omume nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu nke ịpị osisi.

Watson rụrụ ọrụ na Green Party nke British Columbia na Vancouver na 1980s na 90s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/HFER/hfer.asp?Language=E&amp;Search=Cresdetail&amp;Election=9577|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130101093746/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/HFER/hfer.asp?Language=E&amp;Search=Cresdetail&amp;Election=9577|archivedate=January 1, 2013|title=33rd Parliament Election Results|publisher=Parliament of Canada|accessdate=February 13, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara ọsọ maka ịbụ onye isi obodo n'afọ 1996, bụrụ onye nke anọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;1996 election&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/election96/96results/mayor.htm|title=1996 Local General Election Results- Mayor|year=1996|publisher=City of Vancouver|accessdate=February 13, 2009|archivedate=October 11, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011110724/http://www.vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/election96/96results/mayor.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nọnwa Eprel afọ 2003, a họpụtara Watson ka ọ bụrụ onye nduzi nke Sierra Club maka afọ atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paul Watson is elected to the Sierra Club Board of Directors in April, 2003|publisher=SUPS.org|url=http://www.susps.org/candidates/watson.html|accessdate=February 25, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nafọ 2006, ọ chọghị ka a họpụta ya ọzọ. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na bọọdụ otu ọnwa tupu oge ya agwụ, iji mee mkpesa megide nkwado nke nzukọ ahụ maka asọmpi edemede &quot;Ihe mere m ji achụ nta&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ss1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sierra Club Director Paul Watson Resigns to Protest Hunting Prize|publisher=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society|date=April 17, 2006|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news/media_060417_1.html|accessdate=October 31, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080416155448/http://www.seashepherd.org/news/media_060417_1.html|archivedate=April 16, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Jenụwarị 2008, ''The Guardian'' kpọrọ Paul Watson aha dịka otu n'ime &quot;ndị 50 nwere ike ịzọpụta mbara ala&quot; maka ọrụ nke Sea Shepherd Conservation Society.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|work=The Guardian|title=50 people who could save the planet|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/jan/05/activists.ethicalliving|accessdate=January 13, 2008|date=January 4, 2008|first=John|author=Vidal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe odide banyere ime ihe ike ===
Watson bipụtara Earthforce!, ntuziaka maka atụmatụ maka ndị naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na 1993.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Watson|first=Paul|year=1993|title=Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy|location=La Caňada, CA|publisher=Chaco Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nime ya, ọ kwadoro usoro nke &quot;mkpịsị nkịta&quot; nke Dave Foreman na Edward Abbey kọwara na mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|editor=Foreman|title=Ecodefense: A field guide to monkeywrenching|location=Tucson, AZ|publisher=Ned Ludd Book|year=1987}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Abbey|first=Ed|title=The monkeywrench gang|location=Salt Lake City|publisher=Dream Garden Press|year=1985}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka Foreman si kwuo na ''Eco-Defense - The Field Guide to Monkey-Wrenching -'' ndị a bụ usoro nke imebi ihe, ọrụ nzuzo, na ime ihe kpọmkwem.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Watson|first=Paul|year=1993|title=Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy|location=La Caňada, CA|publisher=Chaco Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watson naekwu na o tinyere ahụmịhe nke onwe ya n'ide akwụkwọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Watson|first=Paul|year=1993|title=Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy|location=La Caňada, CA|publisher=Chaco Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ike Ụwa! Onye nduzi nke Earth Warrior to Strategy, Watson gosipụtara nlelị maka eziokwu nke mgbasa ozi:&lt;blockquote&gt;Ọdịdị nke mgbasa ozi taa bụ nke na eziokwu adịghị mkpa. Ihe bụ eziokwu na ihe ziri ezi nye ọha na eze bụ ihe mgbasa ozi kọwapụtara dị ka eziokwu na nke ziri ezi. Ronald Reagan ghọtara na eziokwu ndị ahụ adịghị mkpa. Ndị mgbasa ozi kọrọ ihe o kwuru dị ka eziokwu. Nnyocha naesote bụ &quot;akụkọ ochie&quot;. Nkwupụta isi okwu na akwụkwọ akụkọ Mọnde karịrị mkpughe nke ezighị ezi ekpughere na obere igbe dị n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ na Tuesday ma ọ bụ Wednesday.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Watson|first=Paul|year=1993|title=Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy|location=La Caňada, CA|publisher=Chaco Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Watson kwuru nụzọ doro anya banyere ihe ọ ghọtara na ọ bụ enweghị eziokwu na mgbasa ozi: &quot;Ọ bụrụ na ị maghị azịza, eziokwu, ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ, mgbe ahụ, soro ihe nlereanya nke onye isi ala America ma mee dị ka Ronald Reagan mere - mee ya ozugbo ma nyefee ozi ahụ nenweghị obi ike na n'enweghị mgbagha. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Watson|first=Paul|year=1993|title=Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy|location=La Caňada, CA|publisher=Chaco Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Militants sink two of Iceland's Whaling Vessels|work=New York Times|date=1986-11-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nakwụkwọ sochirinụ, Ocean Warrior, Watson gbasaa n'echiche a, naekwu, sị: &quot;Ịdị ndụ na omenala mgbasa ozi pụtara ịzụlite nkà iji ghọta ma chịkwaa mgbasa ozi iji nweta ebumnuche atụmatụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Watson|first=Paul|title=Ocean Warrior|location=Toronto, Canada|publisher=Key Porter Books|year=1994|pages=23–24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nafọ 2007, Watson kọwara echiche ya banyere nchịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mkpa na ọdịnihu maka ụmụ mmadụ nihi ọrụ ha na mkpochapụ Holocene, nke ọ naezo aka na ya dị ka &quot;ihe omume igbu onwe onye nke Holocenic hominid&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;Taa, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ naarịwanye elu agafeela ikike ibu zuru ụwa ọnụ ma ugbu a na-emepụta nnukwu ihe siri ike, mmiri, na ihe mkpofu gas [.Ọ dịghị obodo mmadụ kwesịrị ibu karịa mmadụ 20,000 ma kewapụ ya na obodo ndị ọzọ site na mpaghara ọzara [.] Anyị kwesịrị iji nlezianya belata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ ruo ihe naerughị otu ijeri [.] Ịgwọ ọrịa kansa chọrọ ọgwụgwọ siri ike na nke naawakpo, ya mere, ịgwọ biosphere nke nje mmadụ ga-achọkwa ụzọ siri ike naawawakpo [.Ònye kwesịrị inwe ụmụ? Ndị naahụ maka ọrụ ma naetinye onwe ha kpamkpam nọrụ nke bụ nezie obere pasent nke ụmụ mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;seashepherdOrgWatson&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.seashepherd.org.uk/news-and-commentary/commentary/the-beginning-of-the-end-for-life-as-we-know-it-on-planet-earth.html|title=The Beginning of the End for Life as We Know it on Planet Earth?|author=Watson|first=Paul|publisher=Sea Shepherd|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101012958/https://www.seashepherd.org.uk/news-and-commentary/commentary/the-beginning-of-the-end-for-life-as-we-know-it-on-planet-earth.html|archivedate=2020-01-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Arụmụka ==

=== Nkewapụ ya na Greenpeace ===
Paul Watson gara nihu dị ka onye ọrụ, onye isi, na onye isi ụgbọ mmiri (na 1972) nọtụtụ njem Greenpeace netiti afọ ndị 1970. Ọ naewere onwe ya dị ka onye guzobere Greenpeace na [[Greenpeace|Greenpeace International]], ihe [[Greenpeace]] naese okwu nagbanyeghị na a kpọtụrụ ya aha na ihe ngosi ahụ, How to Change the World nke naegosi na Watson bụ nezie [[Otu esi agbanwe ụwa (ihe nkiri)|''otu'']]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/how-change-world-sundance-review-766087|title='How to Change the World': Sundance Review|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 23, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; nime ndị guzobere Green Peace.&lt;ref name=&quot;watson:founders&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|title=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society: Greenpeace Attempts to Make Captain Paul Watson 'Disappear'|publisher=Seashepherd.org|date=2008-05-15|accessdate=2011-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304220727/http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|archivedate=4 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/|title=Greenpeace: Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts|publisher=Greenpeace|date=2008-12-17|accessdate=2012-11-22|archivedate=2014-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826061748/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watson boro Greenpeace ebubo na ha naede akụkọ ihe mere eme ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;watson:founders&quot; /&gt;

Nafọ 1977, a chụpụrụ Watson na bọọdụ ndị nduzi nke Greenpeace site na votu nke 11 na 1 (Watson nonwe ya tụbara otu vootu megide ya).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2008/12/25/sticking-it-to-the-man-21st-century-styl|title=Interview with Paul Watson|work=[[Village Voice]]|publisher=Thepeoplesvoice.org|date=December 25, 2008|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/history/paul-watson|title=History of Paul Watson|date=November 3, 2008|publisher=Greenpeace|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081103090124/https://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/history/paul-watson|archivedate=November 3, 2008|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị otu ahụ chere na àgwà ya siri ike, &quot;ihu na etiti&quot; ma naekwukarị mmegide na nkọwa Greenpeace nke &quot;enweghị ime ihe ike&quot; bụ nkewa.&lt;ref name=&quot;SBindependent&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.independent.com/news/2009/jan/29/sbiff-09-saving-seas|title=SBIFF '09: Saving the Seas Documentary Follows Paul Watson on Marine Crusades|author=Large|first=Joey|date=January 29, 2009|work=The Santa Barbara Independent|accessdate=February 12, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watson mechara hapụ otu ahụ. Kemgbe ahụ, otu ahụ akpọwo omume ya n'oge ahụ dị ka nke &quot;onye nnupụisi&quot; n'ime ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and|title=Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts|date=December 21, 2008|publisher=Greenpeace|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221020449/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and|archivedate=December 21, 2008|accessdate=February 22, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Warriors of the Rainbow: A Chronicle of the Greenpeace Movement|author=Hunter|first=Robert|isbn=978-0-03-043741-0|publisher=Henry Holt &amp; Company, Inc.|year=1979}}&lt;/ref&gt; Notu afọ ahụ, o guzobere otu nke ya, Sea Shepherd Conservation Society.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEVER&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20100209zg.html|title=Watson to whalers: We will never surrender|date=February 9, 2010|work=The Japan Times|accessdate=February 20, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Noge a gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ na CBC Radio nafọ 1978, Watson kwuru okwu megide Greenpeace (yana òtù ndị ọzọ) na ọrụ ha na ebumnuche ha maka mkpọsa mgbochi akara.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBC Radio&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=CBC interview of Paul Watson|author=Frum|first=Barbara|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watson boro òtù ndị a ebubo na ha naeme mkpọsa megide ịchụ nta seal nke Canada nihi na ọ bụ ụzọ dị mfe iji nweta ego ma bụrụ onye naeme uru maka òtù ndị ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBC Radio&quot; /&gt;

Greenpeace akpọwo Watson onye naeme ihe ike ma ọ gaghịzi ekwu maka ọrụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph 2009-04-17&quot;/&gt;

=== Ebubo na ikpe ===
A mara Watson ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ụbọchị iri ma kwụọ ya $ 8,000 maka omume ya noge ngagharị iwe maka ịchụ nta seal na Canada na 1980, mgbe a mara ya ikpe maka ịwakpo onye ọrụ ịkụ azụ. Watson jere ozi ya na Her Majesty's Penitentiary, St. John's, Newfoundland na Labrador. A chọpụtakwara na ikpe mara ya nokpuru Iwu Nchedo Seal maka ite ụmụ nkịta seal naacha uhie uhie iji mee ka akpụkpọ ha ghara ịdị ọnụ ahịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Hunt disrupter gets 10 days in Quebec jail|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1GUxAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1227,81403&amp;dq=paul+watson+convicted&amp;hl=en|accessdate=September 17, 2010|work=The Montreal Gazette|date=March 11, 1980|page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; E jidere Watson na 1993 na Canada maka ebubo sitere na mmegide megide ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ Cuban na Spanish n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Newfoundland.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2002/jun/03/fish.food|title=Champion of seas faces attempted murder case|author=Campbell|first=Duncan|date=June 3, 2002|publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|accessdate=February 12, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nafọ 1997, ụlọ ikpe dị na Lofoten, Norway, mara Watson ikpe n'enweghị onye ọ bụla ma maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ụbọchị 120 maka ebubo nke ịnwa imebi obere ụgbọ mmiri Norwegian naegbu azụ na igbu whale ''Nybrænna'' na Disemba 26, 1992.&lt;ref name=&quot;db&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Hvalsabotør går fri|work=[[Dagbladet]]|date=December 14, 1997|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/1997/12/14/46028.html|language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.highnorth.no/Library/Other_Texts/en-en-n.htm|title=Reine – a Norwegian Fishing and Whaling Community|publisher=Highnorth.no|date=May 14, 1993|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ọchịchị Dutch jụrụ inyefe ya naka ndị ọchịchị Norway ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọrọ ụbọchị 80 nlọ mkpọrọ na [[Netherlands]] naechere mkpebi maka ịnyefe ya tupu a tọhapụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;db&quot; /&gt;

Enweghị mgbalị ọ bụla gara nke ọma nịkụ Watson ikpe maka ọrụ ya na Sea Shepherd kemgbe ikpe ahụ na Newfoundland. Watson naagbachitere omume ya dị ka nke dabara nime iwu mba ụwa, ọkachasị ikike Sea Shepherd nwere itinye iwu ụgbọ mmiri megide ndị naegbu whale na ndị naachụ seal nụzọ iwu naakwadoghị.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/the-saviours-of-the-whale-758746.html|title=The saviours of the whale|author=Taylor|first=Jerome|date=November 20, 2007|work=The Independent|accessdate=February 12, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
[[Usòrò:Paul_watson_protest_crop.jpg|thumb|Paul Watson na-eduga ngagharị iwe megide igbu whale Makah, Port Angeles, Washington, 1998.]]
Ndị naeme ngagharị iwe na Sea Shepherd [[Rod Coronado]] na David Howitt gara [[Iceland]] na 1986 wee kụtuo ụgbọ mmiri abụọ naegbu whale na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Reykjavík ma mebie ụlọ ọrụ naemepụta anụ whale. Watson weere ọrụ maka ọrụ ahụ, naagbaso ụkpụrụ Sea Shepherd e bipụtara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oLu5C4sYa_kC&amp;q=Case+studies+in+environmental+ethics+hvalur&amp;pg=PA28|title=Case Studies in Environmental Ethics – Patrick George Derr, Edward M. McNamara – Google Books|isbn=9780742531376|accessdate=May 22, 2014|author=Derr|first=Patrick George|year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara Iceland naekwu, &quot;Abụ m ọrụ maka ọrụ niile a naeme naha Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Ana m enye iwu&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.grapevine.is/Home/ReadArticle/WATSON-THE-VICTOR-Does-terrorism-pay-off-in-Iceland|title=The Reykjavik Grapevine – Life, Travel and Entertainment in Iceland / WATSON THE VICTOR Does terrorism pay off in Iceland?|language=is|publisher=Grapevine.is|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522123838/http://www.grapevine.is/Home/ReadArticle/WATSON-THE-VICTOR-Does-terrorism-pay-off-in-Iceland|archivedate=May 22, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; A chụpụrụ ya nbughị ya ebubo ma Iceland naewere ya dị ka onye na-adịghị mma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOw9avKdtGsC&amp;q=%22paul+watson%22+iceland+%22persona+non+grata%22&amp;pg=PA33|title=Operation Bite Back: Rod Coronado's War to Save American Wilderness – Dean Kuipers – Google Books|isbn=9781608191420|accessdate=May 22, 2014|author=Kuipers|first=Dean|date=July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dan Murphy|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2009/1029/south-park-puts-spotlight-on-paul-watson-and-his-whale-wars|title=South Park puts spotlight on Paul Watson and his &quot;Whale Wars&quot;|publisher=CSMonitor.com|date=October 29, 2009|accessdate=May 22, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nọnwa Eprel afọ 2010, ndị naeche nche nụsọ oké osimiri nke Japan nwetara akwụkwọ ikike ijide Watson &quot;...nihi ebubo nke inye iwu ka e mebie ọrụ megide ụgbọ mmiri naegbu whale nke Japan&quot;, Interpol edepụtara ya dịka achọrọ ya na arịrịọ nke Japan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/apr/30/japan-whaling-sea-shepherd|title=Japan obtains arrest warrant for anti-whaling group leader|work=The Guardian|date=April 30, 2010|accessdate=May 17, 2010|first=Justin|author=McCurry}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwupụta uhie ahụ nwere ebubo ndị Japan nyere dị ka, &quot;Nkebi n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, mmebi nke ihe onwunwe, mgbochi siri ike nke azụmahịa, mmerụ ahụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/wanted/2010-28800|title=Interpol|publisher=Interpol.int|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archivedate=May 22, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522091534/http://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/wanted/2010-28800}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nọnwa Machị afọ 2012, Interpol wepụtara &quot;nkwupụta edere na mba 190 niile so na ya naeme ka o doo anya na ọ gaghị ebipụta Red Notice&quot; maka njide Watson, mana ọ gbanwere ọnọdụ ahụ na Septemba afọ 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2012/N20120514|title=N20120514 / 2012 / News / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL|publisher=Interpol.int|date=May 14, 2012|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archivedate=May 22, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522090424/http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2012/N20120514}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2012/N20120914|title=N20120914 / 2012 / News / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL|publisher=Interpol.int|date=September 14, 2012|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archivedate=May 22, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522091553/http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2012/N20120914}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nime nkwupụta abụọ ahụ, Interpol kwuru na &quot;Red Notice abụghị akwụkwọ ikike ijide mba ụwa&quot; na ọ bụ &quot;arịrịọ maka mba ọ bụla iji mata ma ọ bụ chọta onye ọ bụla iji jide ma nyefee ya dịka iwu mba ahụ si dị&quot;.
[[Usòrò:Free_Paul_Watson_sign.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe ịrịba ama na-akpọ maka iwepụ ebubo megide Watson]]
Nọnwa Mee afọ 2012, ndị ọchịchị Germany jidere Watson nọdụ ụgbọ elu Frankfurt nihi arịrịọ sitere naka gọọmentị Costa Rica. Ebubo ahụ sitere na esemokwu dị noké osimiri nafọ 2002 nke Sea Shepherd kwuru na ụgbọ mmiri nke ọzọ naeme ka ụgbụ ụgbụ naakwadoghị na mmiri Guatemala. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nke ọzọ boro Sea Shepherd ebubo ịnwa igbu ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/14/paul-watson-arrested_n_1513694.html|title=Paul Watson Arrested: Sea Shepherd Says Founder Arrested In Germany|work=The Huffington Post|date=May 14, 2012|accessdate=May 29, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/antiwhaling-activist-paul-watson-arrested-for-ramming-boat-10-years-ago-7746817.html|date=May 15, 2012|accessdate=July 17, 2012|first=Adams|author=Guy|work=The Independent|title=Anti-whaling activist Paul Watson arrested for ramming boat 10 years ago}}&lt;/ref&gt; E boro Watson ebubo imebi iwu ụgbọ mmiri site na ịdọ aka ná ntị Interpol na-ekwu ebubo ahụ dị ka peligro de naufragio (&quot;''ihe ize ndụ nke ụgbọ mmiri''&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/germany-detains-activist-captain-connected-with-whale-wars|title=Germany Detains Activist &quot;Whale Wars&quot; Captain|work=The New York Times|date=May 16, 2012|accessdate=May 29, 2012|author=Slivka, Kelly}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/wanted/2013-60414|title=Interpol|publisher=Interpol.int|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archivedate=May 22, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522091408/http://www.interpol.int/en/notice/search/wanted/2013-60414}}&lt;/ref&gt; Esemokwu ahụ mere n'oge a na-ese ihe nkiri maka ihe nkiri Sharkwater ma ndị ọkàiwu wepụrụ ebubo ahụ mgbe egosiri vidiyo nke ihe omume ahụ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri mere. Na Mee 21, a tọhapụrụ Watson na mgbapụta nke € 250,000 mana achọrọ ka ọ kọọrọ ndị uwe ojii na Frankfurt kwa ụbọchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sea Shepherd founder Paul Watson released on bail after arrest in Germany|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/05/21/sea-shepherd-founder-paul-watson-released-on-bail-after-arrest-in-germany|work=National Post|date=May 21, 2012|accessdate=July 17, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.insidecostarica.com/dailynews/2012/june/29/costarica120062904.htm|title=Paul Watson Urges Costa Rica to Drop Charges|date=June 29, 2012|accessdate=July 17, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Juun, Costa Rica rịọrọ ka e nyefee Watson na Germany.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Foreign Ministry to send Paul Watson extradition request to German authorities Tuesday|url=http://www.ticotimes.net/Current-Edition/News-Briefs/Foreign-Ministry-to-send-Paul-Watson-extradition-request-to-German-authorities-Tuesday_Monday-June-11-2012|work=Tico times|date=June 11, 2012|accessdate=July 17, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Julaị 19, 2012, Japan tinyere akwụkwọ maka iwu mgbapụta ma Watson hapụrụ Germany, nke mere ka ụlọ ikpe Germany nye iwu ka e jide ya ozugbo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/07/25/canadian-born-anti-whaling-crusader-skips-bail-in-germany-for-unknown-destination|title=Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson skips bail in Germany for 'unknown destination' &amp;#124; National Post|publisher=News.nationalpost.com|date=July 25, 2012|accessdate=May 22, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18996972|title=Sea Shepherd founder Paul Watson 'flees Germany'|work=BBC News|accessdate=August 15, 2012|date=July 26, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://bigpondnews.com/articles/World/2012/07/26/Sea_Shepherd_founder_skips_bail_775988.html|title=Sea Shepherd founder skips bail &amp;#124; World|publisher=BigPond News|date=July 26, 2012|accessdate=August 13, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ghọtara na iwu nke njedebe na ebubo Costa Rican ya ga-agwụ na June 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ticotimes.net/Current-Edition/News-Briefs/Interpol-alert-says-Paul-Watson-has-escaped-from-Germany_Monday-July-23-2012|title=Interpol alert says Paul Watson has escaped from Germany / News Briefs / Current Edition / Costa Rica Newspaper, The Tico Times|publisher=Ticotimes.net|date=July 23, 2012|accessdate=August 13, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813032632/http://www.ticotimes.net/Current-Edition/News-Briefs/Interpol-alert-says-Paul-Watson-has-escaped-from-Germany_Monday-July-23-2012|archivedate=August 13, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Interpol megharịrị Red Notice maka Watson na ebubo nke &quot;ịkpata ihe ize ndụ nke mmiri ma ọ bụ ọdachi ụgbọelu&quot; nke Costa Rica setịpụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2012/N20120807Bis|title=N20120807Bis / 2012 / News / News and media / Internet / Home – INTERPOL|publisher=Interpol.int|date=August 7, 2012|accessdate=May 22, 2014|archivedate=May 22, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522091549/http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2012/N20120807Bis}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kọrọ na Watson ga-esi na nzuzo pụta iji sonyere Sea Shepherd na mkpọsa 2012-13 megide igbu whale na Japan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20121123f1.html|title=Sea Shepherd seeks to intercept whalers closer to Japan|work=The Japan Times|date=November 23, 2012|accessdate=November 23, 2012|author=Godoy, Jody}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watson laghachiri na ndị ọrụ nke ''Steve Irwin'' na South Pacific na ngwụcha Nọvemba 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org.au/commentary-and-editorials/2013/01/07/statement-from-captain-paul-watson-592|title=Sea Shepherd Australia :: Statement from Captain Paul Watson|publisher=Seashepherd.org.au|date=January 7, 2013|accessdate=August 22, 2013|archivedate=August 28, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828165507/http://www.seashepherd.org.au/commentary-and-editorials/2013/01/07/statement-from-captain-paul-watson-592}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Machị 2019, Costa Rica wepụrụ ebubo niile megide Watson ma wepụ ọkwa uhie nke Interpol.&lt;ref name=&quot;maritime-executive.com&quot;/&gt; Na Julaị 21, 2024, ndị ọchịchị Danish nwụchiri ya na Greenland n'ihi ọkwa na-acha uhie uhie nke Japan nyere ya megide ya na 2012. Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri mara ọkwa njide ya. Òtù ahụ na-akatọ mkpebi a, na-arụ ụka na &quot;mgbe e biputere ya na ntanetị ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ọkwa ahụ apụwo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya site na weebụsaịtị Interpol, na-eduga Paul Watson na ndị ọka iwu ya ikwere na ọ nwere onwe ya ugbu a na mmegharị ya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/greenland-anti-whaling-campaigner-paul-watson-japan-e8b736ac41ced122482ba446fdcba713|title=Anti-whaling campaigner arrested in Greenland and police say he may be extradited to Japan|work=AP News|date=July 21, 2024|accessdate=July 21, 2024|author=Agence Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọnọdụ mbata nke Sierra Club ===
N'afọ 1999, Watson gbara ọsọ na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma maka ntuli aka na Sierra Club Board of Directors nke mba ahụ, na nkwado nke otu Sierrans na-emegide ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ maka US Population Stabilization (SUSPS).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2015/takeover-timeline|title=A 'Takeover' Timeline|accessdate=January 19, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe a họpụtara ya na bọọdụ na 2003, Watson kwadoro ndepụta na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma nke ndị na-akwado nchịkwa mbata na ọpụpụ siri ike dị ka akụkụ nke iwu nkwụsi ike nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ. Onye ọzọ na-azọ ọkwa na ntuli aka ahụ, Morris Dees nke Southern Poverty Law Center, katọrọ mgbalị a dị ka &quot;nnukwu mmegide&quot; nke &quot;ndị na-emegide ndị mbịarambịa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Davila|first=Florangela|url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20040218&amp;slug=sierra18m|title=Immigration dispute spawns factions, anger in Sierra Club]|publisher=Seattle Times|date=2004-02-18|accessdate=2023-08-19|archivedate=2012-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001212355/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20040218&amp;slug=sierra18m}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watson zaghachiri site n'ikwu na naanị mgbanwe ọ na-achọ n'ọnọdụ mbata nke nzukọ ahụ bụ iweghachi ọnọdụ ọ nwere tupu &quot;iwu nnọpụiche&quot; ya na 1996.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Pedro|author=Monteiro|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-040406-1.html|title=Questions and Answers About the Sierra Club Elections: An Interview with Sierra Club Director Paul Watson|date=2004-04-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218001737/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/news-040406-1.html|archivedate=2009-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watson hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ Sierra Club n'afọ 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sierraclub.org/history/officers/directors.pdf|title=Roster of Sierra Club Directors|publisher=Sierra Club|accessdate=October 23, 2009|archivedate=January 7, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107145205/http://www.sierraclub.org/history/officers/directors.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ mgbochi akara ===
N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2008, Watson kwuru na, ọ bụ ezie na ọnwụ nke ndị Canada atọ na-achụ nta seal (nke anọ ka na-efu) n'ihe mberede mmiri metụtara ụgbọ mmiri Canadian Coast Guard na ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ n'oge 2008 Canadian Commercial Seal Hunt bụ ọdachi, o chere na igbu ọtụtụ narị puku seal bụ ọdachi ka ukwuu. Minista na-ahụ maka ịkụ azụ na Canada Loyola Hearn boro Watson ebubo na ọ na-eme ka ncheta nke ndị na-egbu egbu ghara ịdị mfe. Watson zaghachiri na Hearn na-anwa ịdọpụ uche n'enweghị ike nke gọọmentị ya ka ụgbọ mmiri ndị ikom ahụ nọ na ya tụgharịrị mgbe ụgbọ mmiri ndị nche mmiri nke Canada na-adọkpụ ya, ebe ọchịchọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya nọgidere na-akwado ma na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị ebe na narị afọ nke 21.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/editorials/editorial_080404_1.html|title=Sea Shepherd – I'm Not Ready To Make Nice|accessdate=July 27, 2008|work=Sea Shepherd Society website|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907063308/http://seashepherd.org/editorials/editorial_080404_1.html|archivedate=September 7, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1978, Watson gosipụtara mmegide megide nzukọ nnupụisi ịchụ nta, na-atụ aro n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Barbara Frum nke CBC na ịchekwa akara bụ ihe dị ọnụ ala ma dị mfe ịnakọta ego nakwa na akara ekwesịghị ọnọdụ pụrụ iche karịa ụdị ndị ọzọ. Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Danny Williams kwuru, sị, &quot;Echere m na ihe ọtụtụ ndị na-amaghị bụ na nwoke a bụ onye na-eyi ọha egwu&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2008/04/14/williams-watson.html|title=Williams assails anti-sealing activist Watson as 'terrorist'|publisher=CBC|date=April 14, 2008|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CTV.ca 2008-04-14&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sealing activists bailed out with bag of toonies|date=April 14, 2008|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/sealing-activists-bailed-out-with-bag-of-toonies-1.289041|work=CTV.ca|accessdate=September 7, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nsogbu visa Australia ===
Nọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2009, Watson, onye naebu paspọtụ US, mere mkpesa na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi banyere ịjụ arịrịọ ya maka visa [[Ostraliya|Australia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/Sea-Shepherd-undeterred-by-US-court-order/tabid/417/articleID/280961/Default.aspx|title=Sea Shepherd undeterred by US court order|publisher=[[3 News]]|date=2012-12-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729164906/http://www.3news.co.nz/Sea-Shepherd-undeterred-by-US-court-order/tabid/417/articleID/280961/Default.aspx|archivedate=2014-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ naekwu na gọọmentị Australia naanwa imebi mkpọsa Sea Shepherd nke 2010 naabịanụ site nịjụ ya ịbanye na mba ahụ. Watson na ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ enweghị ike isonyere ''Steve Irwin'' na njem nkwalite ya na Australia ruo mgbe ha nwere ike inye akwụkwọ sitere na gọọmentị nke United States, Canada na Norway, naewepụ ha nomume ime ihe ike a naekwu na mbụ, ọkachasị nkwupụta nke Sea Shepherd nke ịkpachara anya naemikpu ụgbọ mmiri na Norway.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=October 5, 2009|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/outposts/2009/10/whale-wars.html|title=Whale wars saga begins with Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson under investigation &amp;#124; Outposts &amp;#124; Los Angeles Times|publisher=Latimesblogs.latimes.com|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=October 8, 2009|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/outposts/2009/10/sea-shepherds-frustrated-capt-paul-watson-lashes-out-against-australia.html|title=Sea Shepherd's frustrated Capt. Paul Watson lashes out at Australia &amp;#124; Outposts &amp;#124; Los Angeles Times|publisher=Latimesblogs.latimes.com|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,26186894-12335,00.html|title=Rudd 'betrayed Aussies on whaling' &amp;#124; The Australian|publisher=Theaustralian.news.com.au|date=October 9, 2009|accessdate=October 31, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015083316/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,26186894-12335,00.html|archivedate=October 15, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/whale-activist-hits-visa-hurdle-20091004-ghwm.html|title=Whale activist hits visa hurdle|work=The Age|date=October 5, 2009|accessdate=October 31, 2009|first=Andrew|author=Darby}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Jenụwarị 2013, ndị Krautungalung nke Ginai Nation nyere Paul Watson paspọtụ Aboriginal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://article.wn.com/view/WNAT8D6AAB032100EF9813C9E996D12C7010|title=Captain Paul Watson Granted Original Nation Passport (Sea Shepherd Conservation Society) - Worldnews.com|publisher=Article.wn.com|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ịgba égbè ===
[[Usòrò:Paul_Watson_2005.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Paul Watson na ndị ọrụ ''[[RV Farley Mowat|Farley Mowat]]'' na 2005]]
Na Machị 17, 2008, Watson kwuru na ndị [[Ọrụ nke Sea Shepherd Conservation Society|ọrụ]] Japan ma ọ bụ ndị naeche nche nụsọ [[Southern Ocean|oké osimiri]] gbara ya égbè noge Operation Migaloo na-emegide igbu whale na Southern Ocean. A na-edekọ ihe omume ahụ noge oge ikpeazụ nke oge 1 nke ihe ngosi Whale Wars TV, a na-ekpuchi ihe omume isii mbụ dị ka ihe naeme ka ihe ngosi dị ka isi ihe mere noge mkpọsa ahụ. Ndị Japan zaghachiri site na ịtụ bọmbụ grenade, otu onye ọrụ ahụ merụrụ ahụ site na bọmbụ naagbawa n'azụ ya na onye ọzọ merụrụ ahụ naagbalị ịgbanahụ mgbawa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;smh20080307&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Japan denies Sea Shepherd claims|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=March 7, 2008|url=http://news.smh.com.au/japan-denies-sea-shepherd-claims/20080307-1xv6.html|accessdate=February 25, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; A naegosi Watson ka ọ na-abanye n'ime jaket ya na ihe agha ahụ ya ma naekwu &quot;A kụrụ m&quot;. Laa azụ n'ime àkwà mmiri nke ''Steve Irwin'', a hụrụ iberibe ígwè n'ime uwe elu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC 2008-03-07&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Protester says whalers shot him|work=BBC News|date=March 7, 2008|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7282760.stm|accessdate=June 5, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ ọrụ naahụ maka nyocha Cetacean naagbagha nkwupụta Sea Shepherd. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na ndị naeche nche nụsọ oké osimiri kwuru na ha jiri grenade asaa mee ihe iji mee ka onye a naachọ daa mbà ruo nwa oge site nime ka ha kpuru ìsì ma kpọọ nkụ ruo oge ụfọdụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;smh20080307&quot;/&gt;  Gọọmentị Japan kwukwara na ndị naegbu whale na-agbapụ &quot;ụgbọ ụzụ&quot;, nke a kọwara dị ka &quot;ihe mgbochi mgbawa naegbuke egbuke&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Japan denies shooting at Sea Shepherd ship|author=McLeod|first=Shane|work=ABC News|date=March 8, 2008|publisher=ABC: News: World|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-03-07/japan-denies-shooting-at-sea-shepherd-ship/1065896?section=world|accessdate=August 22, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla nime akụkọ abụọ ahụ naemegiderịta onwe ha ka a kwadoro. Ngalaba naahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ofesi nke Australia katọrọ &quot;omume ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ọ bụla naakpata mmerụ ahụ&quot;. E wepụtara mgbasa ozi abụọ n'otu ụbọchị site nọfịs ahụ. Otu kwuru na ndị Japan gwara ndị nnọchi anya Australia nọ na Tokyo na ndị naegbu whale &quot;gburu égbè ịdọ aka ná ntị&quot; ebe mbipụta emelitere jiri okwu ahụ bụ &quot;'ịdọ aka ná aka ná ntị' - nke a makwaara dị ka 'flashbangs' - agbaala ya égbè.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2008/fa-s048_08.html|title=Incident in the Southern Ocean – The Hon Stephen Smith MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs|publisher=Foreignminister.gov.au|date=March 7, 2008|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2008/fa-s049_08.html|title=Incident in the Southern Ocean – Update – The Hon Stephen Smith MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs|publisher=Foreignminister.gov.au|date=March 7, 2008|accessdate=October 31, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ebubo nke iyi ọha egwu ===
Gọọmentị Japan akpọwo Watson onye naeyi ọha egwu gburugburu ebe obibi maka usoro mmegide ya megide ndị naegbu whale, ọ kwughachikwara ọnọdụ ya mgbe esemokwu gasịrị noge oge igbu whale nke 2009-10.&lt;ref name=&quot;Telegraph 2009-04-17&quot;/&gt;

Na mgbakọ naahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ anụmanụ nafọ 2002, e hotara Paul Watson ka ọ naekwu, &quot;Ọ dịghị ihe dị njọ na ịbụ onye naeyi ọha egwu, ọ bụrụhaala na ị meriri. Mgbe ahụ ị naede akụkọ ihe mere eme&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Douglass F. Rohrman|year=2004|title=Environmental Terrorism|journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment|volume=2|issue=6|doi=10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0332:ET]2.0.CO;2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nafọ 2010, onye naakọwa Fox News bụ Glenn Beck kwurịtakwara nkọwa ahụ, na-akatọ echiche Watson.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Surprised Massachusetts Race Is Close?|author=Glenn Beck|publisher=Fox News|date=January 18, 2010|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,583319,00.html|accessdate=January 24, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Watson zaghachiri ihe Beck kwuru na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Sea Shepherd site nikwu na o kwuru na nke ahụ mana ewepụrụ ya nihe gbara ya gburugburu, na-ehota Gerald Seymour's &quot;Otu nwoke na-eyi ọha egwu bụ onye agha nnwere onwe ọzọ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/editorial-100121-1.html|title=Glenn Beck – The Father of Freaky Fox Facts, Fables, Farces and Fantasies|first=Paul|author=Watson|publisher=[[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]|date=January 21, 2010|accessdate=January 24, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328062422/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/editorial-100121-1.html|archivedate=March 28, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkwupụta naesote ala ọma jijiji na tsunami na 2011 Tohoku ===
A katọrọ Watson maka uri ya bipụtara ozugbo naesote ala ọma jijiji na tsunami nke Tōhoku nke afọ 2011 nke tụrụ aro na ọdachi ahụ bụ iwe Neptune. Watson zaghachiri ndị nkatọ site na nkọwa na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Sea Shepherd naekwupụta &quot;nchegbu miri emi na ọmịiko maka ndị Japan naata ahụhụ site na otu nime ọdachi okike kachasị njọ nakụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepeanya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/captpaulwatson/posts/10150154562665932|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314212428/https://www.facebook.com/captpaulwatson/posts/10150154562665932|archivedate=March 14, 2011|title=Tsunami|publisher=Facebook|date=March 12, 2011|accessdate=August 21, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/commentary-and-editorials/2011/03/14/tears-for-the-land-of-the-rising-sun-13|title=Tears for the Land of the Rising Sun|publisher=[[Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]]|date=March 14, 2011|accessdate=September 15, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215051242/http://www.seashepherd.org/commentary-and-editorials/2011/03/14/tears-for-the-land-of-the-rising-sun-13|archivedate=December 15, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkatọ nke New Zealand ===
N'afọ 2013, ụgbọ mmiri atọ nke [[Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Òtù Nchekwa|Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]] kwụsịrị na New Zealand, ndị ọchịchị New Zealand chọkwara ha iji hụ ma Watson nọ nụgbọ ahụ. Ọ bụghị, ebe ọ gafere nụgbọ mmiri ọzọ dị na mmiri mba ụwa, ka ọ maara na a chọrọ ka New Zealand gwa Interpol ma ọ bụrụ na ọ banye na mba ahụ. Watson katọrọ ọchụchọ ahụ, na-ebo New Zealand ebubo na ọ naakwado Japan nokwu nke igbu whale na Southern Ocean.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/New-Zealand-siding-with-Japan---anti-whaling-activist/tabid/1160/articleID/282179/Default.aspx|work=3 News NZ|title=NZ siding with Japan – anti-whaling activist|date=January 7, 2013|accessdate=January 6, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkewa site na Sea Shepherd ===
Na Septemba 3, 2022, Watson kwupụtara na ọ naahapụ Sea Shepherd ma guzobe otu nzukọ ọhụrụ, Captain Paul Watson Foundation na onye ọrụ ibe ya na enyi ya, Omar Todd. Watson kwuru &quot;ihe mere m ji kpọọ ya nke ahụ bụ nihi na ọ naesiri onye ọ bụla ike ịbanye ma weghara otu nzukọ nke gụnyere aha m&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesaturdaypaper.com.au/news/environment/2022/10/15/the-last-pirate-paul-watson-splits-with-sea-shepherd|title=The last pirate: Paul Watson splits with Sea Shepherd|date=October 15, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.buzzsprout.com/2048673?client_source=large_player&amp;iframe=true&amp;referrer=https://www.buzzsprout.com/2048673.js?container_id=buzzsprout-large-player&amp;player=large#|title=Podcast Episode}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Disemba 2022 ntọala ahụ kwupụtara ụgbọ mmiri mbụ ha, 'John Paul Dejoria II'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.all-creatures.org/strategies/strategies-john-paul-dejoria.html|title=We Have a New Ship: The John Paul DeJoria|author=Watson|first=Paul|publisher=Captain Paul Watson Foundation|work=all-creatures.org|date=December 2022|accessdate=2023-04-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/eco-warrior-paul-watson-scourge-of-whalers-returns-to-the-seas/6848934.html|title=Eco-warrior Paul Watson, Scourge of Whalers, Returns to the Seas}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmeghachi omume na mmeghachi omume ==
Watson ekwuola na ọ naghị ele onwe ya anya dị ka 'onye naeme ngagharị iwe', kama ọ bụ onye na'etinye aka', ebe ọ naele ime ngagharị iwe anya dị ka onye na-edo onwe ya nokpuru.&lt;ref name=&quot;DOWNED&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/article6982236.ece|title=Ady Gil downed by Japanese whalers|date=January 10, 2010|work=The Sunday Times|accessdate=January 10, 2010|first=Peter|author=Millar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ naemekarị ka ọ naanọchite anya (ma ọ bụ naanọchi anya) mmanye iwu nke naachọghị ma ọ bụ na ọ nweghị ike itinye iwu ndị dị ugbu a n'ọrụ.

A na-akpọ ụdị idu ndú ya dị mpako, yana ịkwanye onwe ya &quot;ihu na etiti&quot;, nke a kpọtụrụ aha dị ka otu nime ihe kpatara ịchụpụ ya na Greenpeace. E jiri ikuku dị nụgbọ mmiri ya tụnyere &quot;ọgba aghara nke Chineke naachị&quot;.

Onye bụbu onye otu Sea Shepherd na onye isi ụgbọ mmiri MY Ady Gil [[Pete Bethune]] kọwara Watson dị ka &quot;onye dara ogbenye&quot; onye gaenye iwu ka a kpachara anya kpuo ụgbọ mmiri ya dị ka Ady Gil dị ka ụzọ isi &quot;nweta ọmịiko nebe ọha na eze nọ ma mepụta TV ka mma&quot;. Watson gọnahụrụ nke a, naekwu, &quot;Ọ dịghị onye nyere ya iwu ka ọ tụfuo ya. Pete Bethune bụ onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri Ady Gil; mkpebi niile gbasara ''Ady Gil'' bụ nke ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/world/8101062/Activist-says-Sea-Shepherd-sank-its-own-ship|title=Activist says Sea Shepherd sank its own ship|work=9News|date=October 7, 2010|accessdate=January 11, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520154538/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/world/8101062/Activist-says-Sea-Shepherd-sank-its-own-ship|archivedate=May 20, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Onyinye ===
Paul Watson natara onyinye Jules Verne na Ọktoba 10, 2012. Ọ bụ onye nke abụọ naesote Captain Jacques Cousteau ka a naasọpụrụ ya na Jules Verne Award raara nye ndị naahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị njem.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2012/10/16/captain-paul-watson-receives-jules-verne-award-1455|title=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society :: Captain Paul Watson Receives Jules Verne Award|publisher=Seashepherd.org|date=October 16, 2012|accessdate=August 22, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110320/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2012/10/16/captain-paul-watson-receives-jules-verne-award-1455|archivedate=December 24, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 28, 2010, Paul natara Asociación de Amigos del Museo de Anclas Philippe Cousteau: Defense of Marine Life Award, iji kwado uru ya nwetara site na ọrụ ọ rụrụ na nchekwa nke ndụ mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=La Nueva España|url=http://www.lne.es/aviles/2012/05/17/amigos-museo-anclas-pide-liberacion-premiados/1243002.html|title=&quot;Amigos del Museo de Anclas&quot; pide la liberación de uno de sus premiados – La Nueva España – Diario Independiente de Asturias|publisher=Lne.es|date=May 17, 2012|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nafọ 2002, a kpọbatara Paul na US Animal Rights Hall of Fame maka onyinye ya pụtara ìhè maka nnwere onwe anụmanụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.arconference.org/hall-of-fame.htm|title=U.S. Animal Rights Hall of Fame|publisher=Animal Rights Conference|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206180318/http://www.arconference.org/hall-of-fame.htm|archivedate=February 6, 2016}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Paul natara George H. W. Bush Daily Points of Light Award na 1999 na 2000, a kpọrọ ya otu nime Time Magazine's Top 20 Environmental Heroes of the 20th Century.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pointsoflight.org/programs/recognition/dpol/awards/1404|title=Paul Watson|publisher=Points of Light|date=June 22, 1999|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Mee 23, 2019, Paul Watson natara otuto site naka Gọvanọ Connecticut Ned Lamont na-ekwu na &quot;State of Connecticut nyere ma nsọpụrụ na nkwanye ùgwù nye Captain Paul Watson&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://seashepherd.org/2019/05/24/victory-for-sharks-in-connecticut./|title=Victory for Sharks in Connecticut|date=May 24, 2019|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=August 5, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805081050/https://seashepherd.org/2019/05/24/victory-for-sharks-in-connecticut./}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nafọ 2007, Watson natara Amazon Peace Prize nke osote onye isi ala nke [[Ecuador]] Lenin Moreno nyere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.seashepherd.org.uk/news-and-commentary/news/archive/captain-watson-receives-the-amazon-peace-prize.html/|title=Captain Watson Receives the Amazon Peace Prize|date=July 12, 2007|accessdate=August 19, 2023|archivedate=April 15, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415002825/https://www.seashepherd.org.uk/news-and-commentary/news/archive/captain-watson-receives-the-amazon-peace-prize.html/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkọwa mgbasa ozi ===
Ron Colby mepụtara ihe ndekọ akụkọ ndụ banyere mmalite ndụ Paul Watson nke akpọrọ Pirate for the Sea na 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{IMDb title|1308738|Pirate for the Sea}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.artistsconfederacy.com/pirateforthesea/|title=Pirate for the Sea|work=www.artistsconfederacy.com|accessdate=January 19, 2018|archivedate=October 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029164047/http://www.artistsconfederacy.com/pirateforthesea/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.siff.net/festival/film/detail.aspx?id=28869&amp;FID=123|title=Seattle International Film Festival listing|accessdate=January 19, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030033447/http://www.siff.net/festival/film/detail.aspx?id=28869&amp;FID=123|archivedate=October 30, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ihe ngosi 2008 At the Edge of the World kọrọ banyere mbọ Watson na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo 45 naagba iji gbochie ụgbọ mmiri ndị Japan naegbu whale na mmiri ndị gbara Antarctica gburugburu. Nafọ 2010, enyi ogologo oge na onye naeme ihe nkiri Peter Brown wepụtara ihe ngosi Confessions of an Eco-Terrorist, anya mkparị na afọ 30 gara aga.&lt;ref&gt;{{IMDb title|1720073|Confessions of an Eco-Terrorist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ngosi Eco-Pirate: Akụkọ Paul Watson site na 2011 gosipụtara ajụjụ ọnụ na ihe nkiri na ndị otu Greenpeace Rex Weyler na Patrick Moore.&lt;ref&gt;{{IMDb title|1794779|Eco-Pirate: The Story of Paul Watson}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Watson, Whale Wars, na ụlọ ọrụ naegbu whale na Japan ka e mere ka ha bụrụ ihe mkparị na South Park &quot;Whale Whores&quot;. Nihe ngosi Larry King ya, a kpọrọ Watson nonwe ya &quot;Onye akwụna mgbasa ozi naenweghị ike nke chere na ọ naagha ụgha nye onye ọ bụla dị mma ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ naọrụ ya&quot; na &quot;Onye ụgha naagba afa, onye naarịa ọrịa ọgwụ ọjọọ naenweghị ntụkwasị obi&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;CMSwhale&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://features.csmonitor.com/globalnews/2009/10/29/south-park-puts-spotlight-on-paul-watson-and-his-whale-wars|title=South Park puts spotlight on Paul Watson and his &quot;Whale Wars&quot;|author=Murphy|first=Dan|date=October 29, 2009|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|accessdate=November 3, 2009|quote=On Wednesday night, the satirists from the cartoon show South Park took aim at the group (and Japanese whalers and, typically, everyone else) in an episode that they named, in their inevitably &quot;classy&quot; fashion, &quot;Whale Whores.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Watson zaghachiri na ihe omume South Park site nikwu; &quot;Nghọta m bụ na Praịm Minista Japan enweghị obi ụtọ na ndị naegbu whale na ndị naegbu dolphin naewe iwe nụzọ e si gosipụta ha, &quot;Watson kwuru. &quot;Nke ahụ bụ egwu nye ntị m. Ọ bụrụ na ndị naegbu whale naenweghị ọchị na ndị na'ụlọ akụ nke ndị na igbu dolphin enweghị mmasị na ihe ngosi ahụ, mgbe ahụ, nke ahụ bụ ihe niile m chọrọ iji kụọ ya aka.&lt;ref name=&quot;SOUTHPARK&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2009/11/04/fears-jeers-cheers-and-loathing-for-sea-shepherd-in-south-park-288|title=Fears, jeers, cheers and loathing for Sea Shepherd in South Park. An editorial by Captain Paul Watson|date=November 3, 2009|work=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society website|first=Paul|author=Watson|accessdate=November 4, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209163909/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2009/11/04/fears-jeers-cheers-and-loathing-for-sea-shepherd-in-south-park-288|archivedate=February 9, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E gosipụtara Watson (ya na onye na-ahụ maka ihe [[Òrìmìlì Pacific|ndị]] dị ndụ whale, Nan Hauser), noge ihe omume ''60 Minutes'' nke gosipụtara na 2013, dị ka onye naenye aka nịlaghachi nke ọnụ ọgụgụ whale [[Megaptera novaeangliae|Humpback]] na South Pacific.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Scott Pelley|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/return-of-the-humpbacks/|title=Return of the humpbacks|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=May 8, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe nkiri 2019 bụ Watson, nke Lesley Chilcott duziri, gosipụtara ajụjụ ọnụ ya na ''Watson''. Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtakwara na Animal Planet na Disemba 22, 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/watson-1205450|title='Watson': Film Review|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=May 20, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/lavanyasunkara/2019/12/22/sea-shepherds-paul-watson-on-conservation-and-how-travelers-can-give-back/#3b47abad79d4|title=Sea Shepherd's Paul Watson on Conservation and How Travelers Can Give Back|work=[[Forbes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndepụta nke ọrụ ==

* Sea Shepherd: My Fight for Whales and Seals (1981) ( )
* ''Ike Ụwa! Akwụkwọ Nduzi nke Onye Agha Ụwa Maka Atụmatụ'' (1993) ( )
* Ocean Warrior: Agha m iji kwụsị igbu ọchụ iwu na-akwadoghị n'oké osimiri (1994) ( )
* ''Agha'' akara: Afọ iri abụọ na ise n'ihu na akara ụbọ akwara (2002) ( )
* Onye nyere aka na ''ndị naeyi ọha egwu ma ọ bụ ndị naalụ ọgụ'' nnwere onwe?: Reflections on the Liberations of Animals (2004) ( )
* ''Ike Ụwa! Akwụkwọ nduzi nke onye agha ụwa maka atụmatụ nke abụọ'' (2012)  
* ''Agha nke Zọpụtara Whales'' (2019)  
* ''Abụ'' sitere na Southern Ocean (2020)  
* The Haunted Mariner (2020)  
* Imeso Mgbanwe ihu igwe na nrụgide (2020)  
* ''Orcapedia'' (2020)  
* Akụkọ ifo: Theology, Ecology and the General Insanity of Humanity (2020)  
* ''Ọnwụ'' nke Whale (2021)  
* ''Ọ dị Uche! Zọpụta Oké Osimiri Anyị Ka Anyị Zọpụta Mgbanwe ihu igwe''   (2021)  

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị na-echekwa ihe
* Ndepụta nke ndị na-eri nri

== Ihe odide ==


{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/5166346/Paul-Watson-Sea-Shepherd-eco-warrior-fighting-to-stop-whaling-and-seal-hunts.html|title=Paul Watson: Sea Shepherd eco-warrior fighting to stop whaling and seal hunts|access-date=July 15, 2009|date=April 17, 2009|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420214019/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/5166346/Paul-Watson-Sea-Shepherd-eco-warrior-fighting-to-stop-whaling-and-seal-hunts.html|archive-date=April 20, 2009}}

{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&amp;objectid=10619393|title=Hardline warrior in war to save the whale|date=January 11, 2010|agency=[[The Observer]]|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|access-date=November 2, 2011}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>James Macdonald (onye ọrụ obodo)</title>
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'''James Macdonald''', [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]], FRSE (3 August 1898 - 28 April 1963) bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị Britain na onye na-elekọta ọhịa.

A mụrụ ya na 3 Ọgọstụ 1898, Macdonald gara Blairgowrie High School site na 1903 ruo 1915, wee jee ozi na Royal Flying Corps n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;WhWaWh&quot;&gt;[https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540891.001.0001/ww-9780199540884-e-53186 &quot;Macdonald, James&quot;]. ''[[Who's Who (UK)|Who Was Who]]'' (online ed., [[Oxford University Press]], 2021). Retrieved 6 February 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ hapụrụ ọrụ, ọ gụrụ maka BSc na ọhịa na Mahadum nke Edinburgh, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1923.&lt;ref name=&quot;forestry-obit&quot;&gt;M. V. L., [https://academic.oup.com/forestry/article/36/2/264/603097 &quot;James Macdonald&quot;], ''Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research'', vol. 36, no. 2 (1963), pp. 264–265.&lt;/ref&gt;

Macdonald banyere na Forestry Commission na 1924 wee rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nchọpụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;WhWaWh&quot;/&gt; A họpụtara ya dị ka onye nyocha, England na Wales, na 1932 ma n'afọ ahụ ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi na Imperial Forestry Institute. N'afọ 1936, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke ngalaba na Forestry Commission mana e debere ya na Ministry of Supply n'oge agha site na 1939 ruo 1945; ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ mbubata osisi maka East Anglia, mgbe ahụ Nottinghamshire na mgbe e mesịrị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Scotland.&lt;ref name=&quot;forestry-obit&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Forestry Commission, na 1946 a họpụtara Macdonald dị ka Conservator ma rụọ ọrụ na Director of Forestry maka ụlọ ọrụ Scotland. N'afọ 1948, ọ ghọrọ onye isi nchọpụta na agụmakwụkwọ nke kọmitii ahụ. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) maka ọrụ ya na 1953 New Year Honours ma jee ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke International Union of Forest Research Organizations site na 1956&lt;ref&gt;''[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/39732/supplement/11 The London Gazette]'', 30 December 1952 (supplement, issue 39732), p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt; ruo 1961, n'akụkụ ọrụ ya na Forestry Commission.&lt;ref name=&quot;forestry-obit&quot;/&gt; A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Fellow nke Royal Society of Edinburgh na 1957.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://web.archive.org/web/20230819141129/https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/23293924/former-rse-fellows-1783-2002-the-royal-society-of-edinburgh Former RSE Fellows, 1783–2002]'' (Edinburgh: [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]), p. 108.&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 1960 ruo 1962, ọ bụ osote onye isi nchịkwa nke kọmitii ahụ n'oge Sir Henry Beresford-Peirse na-aga na UN Food and Agriculture Organization. [1] N'afọ 1962, mgbe Beresford na-Peirre laghachiri wee ghọọ onye isi nchịkịta, a kwalitere Macdonald ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nduzi. Ọ nọgidere na-ahụ maka nyocha na ọrụ a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220206161924/https://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/documents/7128/FCRFR_1963-1964.pdf Report on Forest Research for the Year Ending March 1963]'' (London: HMSO, 1963), vii.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ lara ezumike nká na 31 Jenụwarị 1963 wee nwụọ na 28 Eprel 1963.&lt;ref name=&quot;forestry-obit&quot; /&gt; Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká, a haziri nyocha nke kọmitii ahụ; e wepụrụ ọkwa Chief Research Officer ma nye ọrụ maka nyocha na ọkwa Director of Research (nke Andrew Watt nọ na ya), ebe a na-ebufe ngalaba njikwa na isi ụlọ ọrụ kọmitii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe odide ==

=== Ihe edeturu ===
{{Reflist|group=&quot;n&quot;}}

=== Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ ===
{{Reflist|30em}}{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=Sir [[Sir Henry Beresford-Peirse, 5th Baronet|Henry Beresford-Peirse]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Deputy Director-General of the&lt;br&gt;[[Forestry Commission]]|years=1962–1963}}
{{s-aft|after=[[George Ryle]]}}
{{s-end}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Egwu Anyị</title>
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        <username>Edozie Ojekwe</username>
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{{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Nosophobia|synonyms=|image=|caption=|pronounce=|field=[[Psychiatry]]|symptoms=|complications=|onset=|duration=|types=|causes=|risks=|diagnosis=|differential=|prevention=|treatment=|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=|deaths=}}
'''Nosophobia,''' nke a makwaara dị ka '''ọrịa phobia''' &lt;ref name=&quot;Sirri 2012 160–181&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Sirri|first=Laura|date=2012|title=Illness Behavior|url=https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/330015|journal=The Psychosomatic Assessment|language=english|volume=32|pages=160–181|doi=10.1159/000330015|pmid=22056904}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ọ bụ '''ọrịa nchekasị''', &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is Nosophobia?|url=https://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/what-is-nosophobia|accessdate=2022-02-09|work=WebMD|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ egwu na-enweghị isi nke ibute ọrịa, ụdị phobia kpọmkwem . Ụjọ mbụ nke ụdị a bụ egwu nke ibute nje HIV (AIDS phobia ma ọ bụ HIV serophobia), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=AIDS phobia, public health warnings, and lawsuits: deterring harm or rewarding ignorance?|journal=American Journal of Public Health|volume=85|issue=11|pages=1562–8|date=November 1995|pmid=7485674|doi=10.2105/AJPH.85.11.1562}}&lt;/ref&gt; ụkwara nta pulmonary (phthisiophobia), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=&quot;Phthisiophobia&quot;: the difficult recognition of transmission of tuberculosis to health care workers|journal=La Medicina del Lavoro|volume=104|issue=5|pages=359–67|date=September 2013|pmid=24180084}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọrịa venereal (syphilophobia ma ọ bụ venereophobia), &lt;ref name=&quot;Janssen 2020 pp. 319–359&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Janssen|first=Diederik F.|title=Noddle Pox: Syphilis and the Conception of Nosomania/Nosophobia (c. 1665–c. 1965)|journal=Canadian Bulletin of Medical History|volume=37|issue=2|year=2020|issn=0823-2105|doi=10.3138/cbmh.432-032020|pages=319–359|pmid=32822549}}&lt;/ref&gt; cancer ( carcinophobia ), ọrịa obi ( cardiophobia &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Cardiophobia: a paradigmatic behavioural model of heart-focused anxiety and non-anginal chest pain|journal=Behaviour Research and Therapy|volume=30|issue=4|pages=329–45|date=July 1992|pmid=1616469|doi=10.1016/0005-7967(92)90045-I}}&lt;/ref&gt; ), na ijide oyi ma ọ bụ flu .

&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwJQ&quot;&gt;Okwu nosophobia sitere na Greek νόσος nosos maka &quot;ọrịa&quot; na φόβος, phobos, &quot;egwu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22523-nosophobia-fear-of-disease|title=What Is Fear of Getting Sick (Nosophobia)?|author=&lt;!--not-stated--&gt;|date=2022-03-15|work=clevelandclinic.org|publisher=cleveland clinic|accessdate=2022-08-31|quote=The word nosophobia originates from the Greek words for disease, nosos, and fear, phobos.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ịrịba ama na mgbaàmà ==
Nosophobia edepụtara n'okpuru nsogbu hypochondriacal site na ICD-10, nke a na-akọwa site na inwe nchegbu na-aga n'ihu na ohere nke inwe ọ dịkarịa ala otu nsogbu ahụ siri ike na nke na-aga nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=ICD-10 Version:2019|url=https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/F45.2|accessdate=2022-02-06|work=icd.who.int}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akọwa Nosophobia dị ka ihe na-enweghị isi. A na-achọkarị nyocha ahụike na mmesi obi ike, mana enwere ike izere ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bianchi|first=G. N.|date=December 1971|title=Origins of Disease Phobia|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048677109159654|journal=Australian &amp; New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry|volume=5|issue=4|pages=241–257|doi=10.1080/00048677109159654|pmid=5292055|issn=0004-8674}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Izere ihe na-eme n'ime na n'èzí. Otu nnyocha na-akọwa nwanyị na-atụ egwu ọrịa obi (cardiophobia) nke na-ezere ndị ọ chere na ha nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa obi ma zere nri nwere cholesterol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-enyocha omume, dị ka inyocha ahụ maka mmerụ ahụ nke nwere ike ịbụ sarcoma Kaposi nke a hụrụ na ndị ọrịa AIDS ma ọ bụ ebe ndị nwere ike ịbụ ọrịa kansa akpụkpọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Warwick|first=Hilary M. C.|date=February 1988|title=Behavioural Treatment of Illness Phobia and Hypochondriasis|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.2.239|journal=British Journal of Psychiatry|volume=152|issue=2|pages=239–241|doi=10.1192/bjp.152.2.239|pmid=3167340|issn=0007-1250}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị nwere ike ibute ya ==

=== Echiche nke psychodynamic ===
Otu ihe na-akpata nosophobia n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike zuru oke na nchọpụta Hunter et al. dabere na echiche psychodynamic.[1]  &quot;adịghị ike, mmetụta uche ma ọ bụ nzuzu&quot; ọ bụla dịbu adị na-emeghachi omume na nrụgide na itinye uche siri ike na ahụ, ọrịa, na ọnwụ nke ọmụmụ ahụike na-eweta.  Ụmụ akwụkwọ na-amata akụkọ ahụike maara nke ọma, dị ka nke ndị ha hụrụ n'anya, ndị ọrịa gara aga, ma ọ bụ onwe ha, nye ndị ọrịa ugbu a ma ọ bụ onwe ha ugbu a.  Iji mmetụta mmetụta uche na-etinye ego na ndị ọrịa na-eme ka ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike na-emepụta nchegbu ha na-arịwanye elu mgbe ha chetara ndị ha hụrụ n'anya ma ọ bụ ndị ọrịa gara aga.

=== Mmetụta mgbasa ozi ===
Akwụkwọ ochie na-atụ aro nghọta na-ezighị ezi banyere ọrịa, nke mgbasa ozi dị ka akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ma ọ bụ asịrị na-enweghị agụmakwụkwọ kpatara, nwere ike ịkpali egwu gbasara ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ryle 1–17&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ryle|first=John A.|date=January 1948|title=The Twenty-First Maudsley Lecture: Nosophobia|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.94.394.1|journal=Journal of Mental Science|volume=94|issue=394|pages=1–17|doi=10.1192/bjp.94.394.1|issn=0368-315X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Coster, Geraldine|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1024313928|title=Psycho-analysis for normal people|date=September 2011|isbn=978-1-4474-2600-4|oclc=1024313928}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnyocha na-egosi ihe dị n'etiti ọrịa ndị a na-atụkarị egwu na mgbasa ha n'oge ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mkpọsa agụmakwụkwọ ọha na eze nke 1911 banyere ụkwara nta mere ka ndị ọrịa nwee phthisiophobia. N'otu aka ahụ, a mụrụ egwu nke ọrịa AIDS na 1991, n'oge ọrịa HIV / AIDS nke a na-agbasa na redio na TV.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ụfọdụ nosophobia weere bovine spongiform encephalopathy ọrịa ahụ nwetara n'oge mgbasa ozi na 1990s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sirri 2012 160–181&quot; /&gt;

=== Akụkọ ezinụlọ ===
Otu nnyocha gosiri na ndị nwere nosophobia nwere ike ịbụ ụmụnne na-eto eto karịa otu njikwa na ndị mmadụ n'ozuzu ya.[1]  Otu echiche bụ na ụmụnne toro eto na-etolite, yabụ na ọ ga-akacha arịa ọrịa na ọnwụ nke ndị ikwu ha merela agadi.  Ụmụnne ndị na-eto eto nwere ike ịkọ na ha nwere ndị nne na nna na-akpachi anya, ndị nne na nna na-eche nche (karịsịa ndị nne), bụ ndị na-egosi nhụjuanya na mmerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ ọrịa, na-enyekwa ụgwọ ọrụ nlekọta na nlebara anya.  Ọzọkwa, o yikarịrị ka ụmụaka ga-akọ ụdị egwu ndị nne ha na-atụ.  A na-ekwu na ụmụaka ndị a na-amata nke ọma ma na-echegbu onwe ha maka &quot;nhụhụ nke onwe ha&quot; maka ọrịa na ọnwụ.  Ọtụtụ ndị sonyere na ọmụmụ ihe a kwuru na ha nwere ọrịa ma ọ bụ ike dị ala dịka nwata.  Maka phobias kpọmkwem, dị ka carcinophobia, a na-enwekarị ezinụlọ ma ọ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrịa ahụ.  Ihe abụọ a ga-emebi ntụkwasị obi na &quot;ahụike anụ ahụ&quot;.

== Ọgwụgwọ ==

=== Ọgwụgwọ omume ===
Nnyocha nnwale nke 1988 nke ọgwụgwọ omume gosipụtara ọganihu dị ịrịba ama na egwu na mbelata mmetụta na ndụ ụlọ na ọrụ, na-esochi na-egosi ihe ịga nke ọma na ụfọdụ mgbe afọ ise gachara mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Nnyocha a lekwasịrị anya n'ibelata egwu na omume na-adịghị mma dị ka izere na ịchọ mmesi obi ike. Nnyocha yiri nke 1991 jiri usoro yiri nke ahụ mepụtaghachi nsonaazụ ndị a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ụzọ ndị e ji mee ihe gụnyere ikpughe ihe na-akpali akpali, afọ ojuju (dị ka ide egwu n'ụzọ zuru ezu) na ntinye aka na-emegiderịta onwe ya (dị ka mmega ahụ iji &quot;na-eweta nkụchi obi&quot;). A na-egbochi ịchọ mmesi obi ike site n'ịgwa ndị ezinụlọ na ndị dọkịta ka ha ghara ịnabata arịrịọ maka mmesi obi obi ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== Ọgwụgwọ ọgụgụ isi ===
Otu onye ọrịa n'ime ọmụmụ ihe nwere ike ịkwụsị izere na ememe mgbe ọ gwụchara oge ọgwụgwọ cognitive mgbe ọgwụgwọ omume dara. Ụzọ gbanwere nkwenkwe site n'inye na ikwurịta ihe akaebe. Nkwenye onye ọrịa ahụ kwenyere na ọ na-arịa ọrịa AIDS si na 95% gbadata na 30%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Logsdail|first=Stephen|date=September 1991|title=Behavioural Treatment of AIDS-Focused Illness Phobia|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.3.422|journal=British Journal of Psychiatry|volume=159|issue=3|pages=422–425|doi=10.1192/bjp.159.3.422|pmid=1958954|issn=0007-1250}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLogsdailLovellWarwickMarks1991&quot;&gt;Logsdail, Stephen; Lovell, Karina; Warwick, Hilary; Marks, Isaac (September 1991). [http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.3.422 &quot;Behavioural Treatment of AIDS-Focused Illness Phobia&quot;]. ''British Journal of Psychiatry''. '''159''' (3): 422–425. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1192/bjp.159.3.422|10.1192/bjp.159.3.422]]. [[ISSN (ihe njirimara)|ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[[issn:0007-1250|0007-1250]]. [[PMID (ihe njirimara)|PMID]]&amp;nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1958954 1958954]. [[S2CID (ihe njirimara)|S2CID]]&amp;nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22274776 22274776].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkwado ahụike ===
Ọ bụ ezie na akwụkwọ ndị mbụ na-ekwu maka mmesi obi ike ahụike dị ka ihe nkasi obi maka ụfọdụ ụdị nosophobia, a na-achọkarịkwa ya, akwụkwọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya na-ekwu na egwu na-anọgide na-adị ọbụna mgbe nyocha ahụike na mmesi obi ike.  Ụfọdụ ihe akaebe na-egosi na nyocha ahụike na mmesi obi ike nwere ike ime ka egwu ka njọ n'ime ogologo oge.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
== Nnyocha dị iche iche ==
E jirila ọtụtụ okwu kọwaa hypochondriasis na egwu ọrịa malitere n'oge ọmụmụ ahụike. A na-eji Nosophobia na-ezo aka na nke a, yana ọrịa ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike, hypochondriasis nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ ike, na medicalstudentitis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Salkovskis|first=Paul M|date=May 1998|title=Health anxiety in medical students|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)79059-0|journal=The Lancet|volume=351|issue=9112|pages=1332|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(05)79059-0|pmid=9643804|issn=0140-6736}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hypochondriasis ===
Enwere &quot;mgbagwoju anya banyere nkewa&quot; ọdịiche dị n'etiti nosophobia na hypochondriasis, ọkachasị dịka nkọwa ụfọdụ, dị ka ICD-10, na-ewere nosophobía dị ka akụkụ nke hypochondariasis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Sirri 2012 160–181&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Ụfọdụ ndị edemede atụwo aro na a ga-akpọ mgbaàmà ndị a hụrụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike &quot;nosophobia&quot; karịa &quot;hypochondriasis&quot;, n'ihi na ọmụmụ ihe ndị e hotara na-egosi pasent dị ala nke ọnọdụ hypochondriacal.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid14206454&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=August 1964|title=Nosophobia and hypochondriasis in medical students|journal=The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease|volume=139|issue=2|pages=147–52|doi=10.1097/00005053-196408000-00008|pmid=14206454}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu ụzọ nosophobia dị iche na hypochondriasis bụ na kpọmkwem. Nosophobia na-eme ka ndị na-arịa ya na-atụ egwu otu ọrịa ma o yighị ka ọ ga-agafe na ọrịa ma ọ bụ akụkụ ahụ dị iche. N'iji ya tụnyere, nkọwa ICD-10 nke hypochondriasis gụnyere nkwenye nke ọnụnọ nke ọtụtụ ọrịa anụ ahụ. Ihe ọzọ dị iche bụ na àgwà egwu. Nosophobia na-egosipụta onwe ya na &quot;mgbalị&quot;, kama nchegbu na-aga n'ihu nke ndị nwere ahụmịhe hypochondriasis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sirri 2012 160–181&quot; /&gt; E nwere ọdịiche n'omume. Nosophobia na-ejikọta ya na izere ihe ndị dị n'ime na ndị dị n&quot;èzí ebe hypochondriasis na-akpatakarị omume ịchọ mmesi obi ike na nyocha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sirri 2012 160–181&quot; /&gt;

== Mgbasawanye ==
Atụmatụ nke mgbasa ahụ dịgasị iche. Nnyocha mbụ chọpụtara na ọ dịkarịa ala 70% nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike na Mahadum McGill na-enwe nosophobia n'oge ụfọdụ n'oge ha na-agụsị akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid14206454&quot; /&gt;

Ihe akaebe ndị ọzọ na-adịbeghị anya sitere na Mahadum nke New [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] na-akwado nyocha mbụ na ọ dịkarịa ala 70% nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-egosi mgbaàmà nke hypochondriasis site na iji Ajụjụ Akparamàgwà Ọrịa na Scales nke Àgwà Ọrịa. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike nwere ike karịa otu ụmụ akwụkwọ iwu iji gosipụta mgbaàmà nke nosophobia dị ka nchebe ahụike (dịka izere ise siga).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kellner|first=Robert|date=1986-05-01|title=Hypochondriacal Fears and Beliefs in Medical and Law Students|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800050093012|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=43|issue=5|pages=487–489|doi=10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800050093012|pmid=3964027|issn=0003-990X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa zie ==

* Hypochondria
* Ọrịa ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike
* Nosocomephobia, egwu gabigara ókè nke ụlọ ọgwụ
* Ndepụta nke egwu

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Medical resources|DiseasesDB=|ICD10={{ICD10|F|45|2|f|40}}|ICD9={{ICD9|300.29}}|ICDO=|OMIM=|MedlinePlus=|eMedicineSubj=|eMedicineTopic=|MeshID=}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>James F. Entwistle</title>
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). James F. Entwistle ( banyere 1956) bụ onye isi United States na Nigeria site na Ọktoba 28, 2013 ruo Ọktoba 2016. Site na 2010 ruo 2013 ọ bụ onye isi anya Democratic Republic of Congo .  Ọ bụ onye ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrụ mba ofesi .  Ọ bụ osote onye isi ndị isi anya US na Bangkok, Thailand site na Julaị 2007 wee bụrụ osote onye isi ndị isi anya US na Colombo, Sri Lanka site na 2004 ruo 2006 (&quot;ya na ikike n'otu oge nye Maldives&quot;).

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
[[Usòrò:Secretary_Kerry_Meets_With_Nigerian_President_Buhari_at_the_2016_Nuclear_Security_Summit_in_Washington_(25552064184).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|260x260px| Entwistle, nke dị n'akụkụ aka ekpe, na-ezute ndị isi Africa na 2016 Nchebe Nuclear Summit na Washington]]
Entwistle akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Davidson College na North Carolina.  Ọ onye ọrụ nche na Bureau of Intelligence and Research na onye isi oche maka Kenya na Uganda na Bureau of African Affairs site na 1986. Ọ bụ onye ọrụ nche na 1986.  ruo 1990 wee duru ngalaba ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na Embassy Bangkok site na 1991 ruo 1994. Ọ bụ osote onye isi ndị ọrụ mgbasa ozi na Bangui site na 1994 ruo 1995 wee mepụta na Bureau of Consular Affairs ruo mgbe ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọrụ  maka njem ụgbọ na ụlọ ọrụ anya US na Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia site na 1999 ruo 2003.

. Ọ bụ osote onye isi ndị isi anya US na Bangkok, Thailand site na Julaị 2007 wee bụrụ osote onye isi ndị isi anya US na Colombo, Sri Lanka site na 2004 ruo 2006 (&quot;ya na ikike n'otu oge nye Maldives&quot;)

Site na 2010 ruo 2013 ọ bụ onye isi anya Democratic Republic of Congo .  [1] Ọ bụ onye isi anya US na Benin Republic dịka nke Ọktoba 28, 2013.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
. Ọ na-asụ French, Thai na ụfọdụ pidgin.  Ọ fim Pamela G. Schmoll ma nwee ụmụ abụọ.

* Ndị nnọchianya nke United States
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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{{Infobox officeholder|name=James Onanefe Ibori|order=2nd [[Governor of Delta State]]|image=|deputy=Benjamin Elue|predecessor=[[Walter Feghabo]]|successor=[[Emmanuel Uduaghan]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|1959|08|04|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Oghara]], [[Delta State]], [[Nigeria]]|death_date=|death_place=|alma_mater=[[University of Benin (Nigeria)|University of Benin]], [[Nigeria]]|term_start=29 May 1999|term_end=29 May 2007|nationality=[[Nigerian]]}}

. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBC17739388&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17739388|work=BBC News|title=Former Nigeria governor James Ibori jailed for 13 years|date=17 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; James Onanefe Ibori ( 4 Ọgọst 1959) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria bụ Gọvanọ Delta State na Nigeria site na 29 Mee 1999 [1] ruo 29 Mee 2007. [2] Otu ihe Urhobo sitere na ihe, Ibori bụ onye otu People's Democratic Party  (PDP).  Ọ bụ onye ndu na mpaghara Niger Delta na onye obodo na Naijiria.  N'afọ 2012, a mara Ibori Seedi awụ iri na atọ maka ịwapụ ego

== Ndụ mbido ==
. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chief James Onanefe Ibori – Delta State Government|url=https://www.deltastate.gov.ng/chief-james-onanefe-ibori/|accessdate=2023-06-24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Amụrụ nezina onye nwụrụ anwụ Chief Ukavbe Ibori na Mrs. Comfort Oji Ibori nke Otefe na Oghara, Ethiope West Local Government Area nke Delta State, ọ gara Baptist High School, Oghareki, now Oghareki Grammar School, tupu ọ gawa na mahadum Benin ebe  ọriki nzere bachelọ nke nkwado na Economics and Statistics .  .  [1] Ibori kwagara London, England na 1980 ebe ọ na-egosi ya, Theresa.  Ọ bụ ọrụ dị ka onye na- paying ego na ụlọ Wickes DIY dị na Ruislip, Middlesex

&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC17184075&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17184075|work=BBC News|title=James Ibori The Man of the People|date=27 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'ịlaghachi na Nigeria, n'etiti 1994 na 1997 ọ jere ozi dị ka onye na-enwe oge etiti nke President Sani Abacha, na mpaghara nhazi usoro iwu ọha na eze na mmeputa iwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC17184075&quot; /&gt;  N'afọ 1999, ọ zọọ ọkwa ọkwa Delta steeti

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Ụgbọ okporo ụzọ ụzọ Ibori akụkọ nke afọ 1990 mgbe ọ sonyeere National Republican Convention (NRC).  N'afọ 1991, a mgbaàmà ya ịzọ ọkwa maka oche ndị omebe iwu Federal, ka ọ nọchite anya Ethiope Federal Constituency.  Ọ tụfuru mbụ aka nke onye agha ndị Social Democratic Party (SDP).

Mgbe Sani Abacha Transition Program ngosi, o sonye na Grassroots Democratic Movement (GDM).  Ọnọdụ GDM ezigbo ọkwa mpaghara, steeti na isi etiti, akara otu n'ime oche ndị omeiwu atị na ahụ.  Emechara mmemme ngbanwe ahụ na ike na ọnwụ Abacha.  Ibori ya na ndị isi otu ụzọndọrọ nhọrọ ndị ọzọ na Delta steeti, hibere otu Delta National Congress (DNC).

.Ndị DNC nwe nwechara ya na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ụdị echiche ahụ wee gosi Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).  Ọ bụ n'elu ikpo okwu PDP ka ọ zọọrọ wee merie n'egosi nke ọnwa Jenụwarị 1999 Delta steeti nhọpụta pụta

N'ịbụ onye a tụrụ aro ka ọ bụrụ gọvanọ Delta Steeti, n'okpuru iwu Naijiria, Ibori ga-aṅụ iyi na o nweghị ikpe mbụ. N'iji akwụkwọ ọmụmụ na paspọtụ ụgha nke o ji mee akwụkwọ nbinye ego na London, ọ gafere ule ndị ahụ n'ụgha, wee họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ gọvanọ site na 1999.  N'afọ 2003, a họpụtara ya ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ gọvanọ maka afọ anọ ọzọ.

.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC17184075&quot; /&gt;Na ụgbọ okporo ụzọ ụzọ PDP mere tupu mbụaka apụta 2006, Ibori nọ ya ka o welite aka nke Umaru Yar'Adua meri .  Ka nwachara Yar'Adua ka ọ bụrụ onye ga-azọ ọkwa ogaala ha, e boro Ibori ebubo na ọ na-agbagọ ụlọ akụ n'afọ 2007 nke Yar'Adua, ma kwe nkwa na ọ ga-abụ osote onye isi ala.  Mana ka Yar'Adua nwụsịrị n'ọkwa dị iche iche, osote Ogaala Goodluck Jonathan n'chiri Yar'Adua, onye na-eso ụzọ Ibori

Ebubo nrụrụ aka nke Ibori n' site na n akara ụda nke ndị ikwu ya n'okpuru nkwado Delta State Elders and Stateholders Forum ụgbọ nke onye isi ndị Ijaw bụ isi, Chief EK Clark, OFR, CON bụ Minista mgbasa ozi.  E akwụkwọ akwụkwọ a n'aka Nuhu Ribadu, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mpụ ego na Nigeria bụ onye na mbụ ihe na akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ahụ mere Forum, bụ ndị ya na ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe nkiri, mpụ.  Ibori ma gbasie mbọ ike iweta Ibori na EFCC n'Ikọ iji manye ya.  Ibori gbara akwụkwọ site n'onye onye ọkaiwu ha bụ Kayode Ajulo .

Na 2007, ndị uwe ojii obodo ukwu wakporo ụlọ ọrụ London nke Barrister Bhadresh Gohil.  N'ịbụ ndị zoro na akara n'azụ ebe a na-ekpo ọkụ, ha draịva kọmputa nwera nke ọma nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, nke Gohil na-agba maka Ibori, onye ọrụ obi Daniel Benedict McCann, na onye na-  ahụ maka ego ụlọ ọrụ Lambertus De Boer.  E mechara ndị ikom ikom a niile awụ iri atọ.  &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/link&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;[ a nkịtị ]

N'ihi ebubo nrụrụ aka ndị a, ụlọikpe United Kingdom kwụsịrị akụ Ibori, nke ọnụ ahịa ya ruru ihe dị ka nde £17 ($35), na mbido August 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Estelle|author=Shirbon|title=Britain freezes assets of former governor|url=http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=86&amp;art_id=nw20070806134708872C996099|work=Reuters (IOL)|publisher=Independent News &amp; Media|date=2007-08-06|accessdate=2007-12-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; E jidere nwunye ya, Nkoyo na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Heathrow dị na London na 1 Nọvemba 2007, n'ihe gbasara nyocha nke akụ di ya, karịsịa na United Kingdom. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Airport 'arrest' for Nigeria wife|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7074573.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=BBC|date=2007-11-02|accessdate=2007-12-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; A tọhapụrụ ya mgbe a jụrụ ya ajụjụ. N'ajụjụ ọnụ pụrụ iche ya 


&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=4056:iboris-goose-and-ribadus-trumpet&amp;catid=81:external-contrib&amp;Itemid=300|title=Ibori's Goose and Ribadu's Trumpet|publisher=Saharareporters.com|accessdate=2015-07-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na Disemba 12, 2007, ndị Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) nwụchiri Ibori na Kwara State Lodge dị na Asokoro, Abuja.  [1] Ebubo eboro ya izu izu ohi ego, ime ihe n’ụzọ na- ebelata ezi, na ịwapụ ego n’ụzọ na- isiokwu ezi .  Ebubo nrụrụaka ndị a nke onye isi ala Obasanjo webatara Ibori so na ọtụtụ ebubo nrụrụaka eze Nuhu Ribadu na-ebo ndị bụbu ndị PDP Peoples Democratic Party PDP.  Ribadu ụwa na Ibori nwa inye ya ihe iri ngo ka ọ ebubo ahụ site n'onyinye ego dị nde $15, bụ nke Ribadu ndabere na Central Bank of Nigeria CBN.  Ego a ka dị na CBN ka ihe ngosi

Na Disemba 17, 2009, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke nọ n'Asaba, Delta State, wepụrụ ma tọhapụ Ibori ebubo nrụrụaka 170 niile EFCC webatara ya.  EFCC tinyere akwụkwọ mkpegharị ikpe megide ikpe nke Disemba 17, 2009, wee malite nyocha ọhụrụ gbasara onye bụbu Gọvanọ dịka ndị otu Delta State Elders, Leaders and Stakeholders Forum gbara, bụ nke e mere ka ọha na eze na Maachị 2010. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ibori faces new investigation|url=http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/News/National/5540578-146/ibori_faces_new_investigation__.csp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100322220749/http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/News/National/5540578-146/ibori_faces_new_investigation__.csp|archivedate=March 22, 2010|accessdate=March 16, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Security forces set for showdown|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/43966/1/Security-forces-set-for-showdown-with-Ibori/Page1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425183416/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/43966/1/Security-forces-set-for-showdown-with-Ibori/Page1.html|archivedate=April 25, 2010|accessdate=April 26, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8634835.stm|work=BBC News|title=Nigeria attack halts Ibori arrest|date=21 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'April 2010, ihe dị ka ụnwa atọ ka onye isi ala mbụ Goodluck Jonathan weghara, e mepe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ ikpe Ibori.  [1] E boro ya ebubo ọhụrụ na ọkọrọ ozi naira iri anọ ($266m).  Mịnị Standa ya nke.  A kọkwara na ọ si Abuja gbaga Legọs wee gbaga n'ekiri mmirika, ala nna ya na Niger Delta .  &lt;/link&gt; ndị agha na-eche ya nche na otu oge ha na ndị ọrụ nchekwa agha gbagburu.  &lt;/link&gt; ebubo ndị ahụ akara isi nakwa na ike agha kpagburu ya

. N'April 2010, Ibori gbapuru Naijiria, nke mere ka EFCC ime maka ime nke Interpol .  [1] [2] Na 12 Julaị 2010 Gọvanọ nke CBN, Malam Sanusi Lamidoi na Ibori ejirila steeti Delta mee ihe n'ịgbanye ndụ naira iri a anọ mgbe ọ bụ ike

=== Jidere na Dubai, ebugara UK ===
. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/nigeria/7720634/Nigerian-politician-faces-extradition-to-Britain-on-money-laundering-charges.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Damien|author=McElroy|title=Nigerian politician faces extradition to Britain on money laundering charges|date=14 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na 13 Mee 2010,ejidere Ibori na Dubai, United Arab Emirates n'okpuru ikike njide Interpol, nke sitere n'ike ikpe United Kingdom nyere ma ndị uwe ojii mebere ya.  [1] [2] [3] Enyere Ibori obodo ka a ga-ekpe ikpe mkpe nke.  [4] [5] [6] Onye na-ekwuchitere ndị uwe ojii Metropolitan kwuputara na United Kingdom &quot;ga-achọ ka a kpụpụ Mazi Ibori&quot;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchontheweb.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art201005272304760|title=The Punch:: Ibori seeks political asylum in Dubai|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20100528163846/http://www.punchontheweb.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art201005272304760|archivedate=28 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gọọmenti Naijiria na mba United Kingdom kwenyeziri ka ha gbakọọ aka n'iwepụta Ibori n'aka mba Briten.  [1] [2] ederede ka ndị Dubai machiri mgbanwe ya.  [3] akwụkwọ akwụkwọ Punch kọrọ na 27 Mee 2010, na Ibori na-achọ mgbapu ụdịdị na Dubai.

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/News/National/5579242-146/dubai_revokes_iboris_bail__.csp|accessdate=June 11, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614182527/http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/News/National/5579242-146/dubai_revokes_iboris_bail__.csp|archivedate=June 14, 2010|title=Dubai revokes Ibori's bail}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ikpe Ibori na nchụpụ ya ikpe otu n'ime ọrụ mgbasa ogologo, dị otú anya ma dị oke ọnụ nke Scotland Yard akwụkwọ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.  Ndị gbara akwụkwọ boro ebubo na ụlọ ọrụ ndị Ibori na akara ya nwere bụ ndị na-erite uru n'ịre akụ, steeti oke n'aka onye na-ahụ maka oku, yana ibufe egwu ala.  [1] EFCC akwụkwọ na Tọzdee June 10, 2010, na Ibori nọ n'ihe ize na-eche ka a ga-ebuga ya na UK.

Na 1st na 2 June 2010, ndị juries UK chọtara nwanne James Ibori, Christine Ibie-Ibori &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/48541/1/UK-court-convicts-Iboris-sister/Page1.html|accessdate=June 2, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605192242/http://thenationonlineng.net/web2/articles/48541/1/UK-court-convicts-Iboris-sister/Page1.html|archivedate=June 5, 2010|title=UK court convicts Ibori's sister}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye otu ya, Udoamaka Okoronkwo, na ebubo nke mpụ ego, na mkpebi e mere na Southwark Crown Court, London. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/News/Metro/Crime/5575623-146/uk_court_declares_iboris_associate_guilty.csp|accessdate=June 2, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605180425/http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/News/Metro/Crime/5575623-146/uk_court_declares_iboris_associate_guilty.csp|archivedate=June 5, 2010|title=Jun0210 Ibori Associate BRF}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mazị James Ibori, site n'ọnụ onye enyemaka ya n'ihe gbasara mgbasa ozi wepụtara nkwupụta na-ajụ ajụjụ gbasara izi ezi nke ikpe ahụ nke o kwuru na a tọhapụrụ ụmụnwaanyị abụọ ọzọ bụ Oriakụ Okoronkwo na Adebimpe Pogoson bụ ndị eboro ebubo na nwanne ya nwanyị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/front-page-news/6274-london-court-convicts-iboris-sister-ex-delta-gov-rejects-verdict|accessdate=June 2, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605055449/http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/front-page-news/6274-london-court-convicts-iboris-sister-ex-delta-gov-rejects-verdict|archivedate=June 5, 2010|title=London court convicts Ibori's sister •Ex-Delta gov rejects verdict}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mkpebi ikpe ndị juri nke 2 June 2010 weghachikwara mkpebi ikpe megide Okoronkwo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchontheweb.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art2010060213531471|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20111002095403/http://www.punchontheweb.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art2010060213531471|title=The Punch:: UK Court indicts another Ibori's associate|date=2 October 2011|archivedate=2 October 2011|work=archive.is}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọikpe UK mara Christine Ibie-Ibori na Udoamaka Okoronkwo ikpe afọ ise n'otu n'otu n'ụbọchị Mọnde 7 June 2010 ọbụna dịka onye ọka iwu na-agbachitere rịọrọ maka ebere na ọ bụ naanị James Ibori jiri aghụghọ megharịa ndị a mara ikpe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.saharareporters.com/news/6223-iboris-associates-sentenced-to-21-years-in-prison.html|accessdate=June 7, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609133131/http://www.saharareporters.com/news/6223-iboris-associates-sentenced-to-21-years-in-prison.html|archivedate=June 9, 2010|title=UK Court Climax: James Ibori's Sister, Mistress, Get Five Years in Prison!}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkwenye ===
Na 27 February 2012, ebubo izu ohi US $250 nde n'aka nsogbu Nigeria, Ibori osisi ikpe iri nke mpụ ego na nkata ihe n'iche ikpe Southwark Crown, London

N'ịgbaso nkwuputa ikpe mara nke Ibori batara, EFCC webatara n'ihu ụlọikpe mkpegharị ikpe dị afọ 6 nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu n'Asaba nke tọhapụrụ Ibori na 2009. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201203010327.html|title=Nigeria: EFCC Awaits Appeal Court Date On Ibori's 170 Count Charges|author=RONALD MUTUM|publisher=All Africa|date=29 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha EFCC chọrọ ka ụlọikpe kagbuo mkpebi nke ụlọikpe nta n'ihi na onye isi oche ọkaikpe Awokulehin mehiere n'iwu ka ọ na-ekpe ikpe ya. Otu ndị ọkàikpe nwere mmadụ atọ nọ na ngalaba Benin nke Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe na May 15, 2014 kpebiri na onye bụbu gọvanọ nwere ikpe ọ ga-aza. Site na ikpe a, oke osimiri doro anya maka Ibori ga-ekpe ikpe ọzọ na Nigeria ka ọ gwụchara oge mkpọrọ ya na London.

* Ụlọ dị na Hampstead, north London, maka £2.2m
* Ngwongwo na Shaftesbury, Dorset, maka £ 311,000
* Nnukwu ụlọ £3.2m na Sandton, na nso Johannesburg, [[South Africa]]
* Otu ụgbọ mmiri nke Range Rovers ngwa agha bara uru na £600,000
* Otu £120,000 Bentley Continental GT
* Mercedes-Benz Maybach 62 zụtara maka ego 407,000, nke ebugara ozugbo n'ụlọ ya na South Africa.

. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBC17739388&quot; /&gt;Mgbe ikpe ahụ ahụ, Sue Patten, onye isi otu Crown Prosecution Service Central fraud group, kwuru na ha ga-agba mbọ ịweghara akụ Ibori akụ na mụrụ ya &quot;na-efu ụfọdụ ndị kasị daa ogbenye n'ụwa&quot;

== Hụkwa ==

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>James Nnaji</title>
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      <text bytes="2296" sha1="6mhpgykzfitgzwodlw9rvlia76qlj1g" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox basketball biography|name=James Nnaji|image=2022-03-22 ALBA Berlin gegen FC Barcelona Bàsquet (EuroLeague 2021-22) by Sandro Halank–037.jpg|image_size=|caption=|position=[[Center (basketball)|Center]]|height_ft=6|height_in=11|weight_lb=250|league=[[Liga ACB]]&lt;br&gt;[[EuroLeague]]|team=FC Barcelona|number=23|draft_year=2023|draft_round=2|draft_pick=31|draft_team=[[Detroit Pistons]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|2004|8|14}}|birth_place=[[Makurdi, Nigeria]]|career_start=2019|years1=2019–2020|team1=[[Rátgéber Akadémia]]|years2=2020–present|team2=[[FC Barcelona Bàsquet|FC Barcelona]]|years3=2020–2021|team3=→ [[FC Barcelona Bàsquet B|FC Barcelona B]]}}

{{Databox}}

James Nnaji ( 14 Ọgọst 2004) bụ onye egwuregwu basketball nke Naijiria maka FC Barcelona nke Spanish Liga ACB na EuroLeague .  Ahụ ya 31st n'ozuzu na 2023 NBA draft site na Detroit Pistons, mana e mechara ndị ikike ya na Charlotte Hornets .

== Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ ntorobịa ==
. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Barcelona locks up teenage center Nnaji|url=https://www.euroleaguebasketball.net/euroleague/news/barcelona-locks-up-teenage-center-nnaji/|work=euroleaguebasketball.net|date=23 September 2022|accessdate=2 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;Nnaji tolitere na Makurdi, Nigeria ebe ọ egwu ịgba basketball.  O sitere na mpaghara etiti etiti (central) nke Nigeria.  N'afọ 2018, Nnaji kwagara Ratgeber Basketball Academy na Hungary

== Ọrụ ọkachamara ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Nnaji akụkọ ọrụ ya na Rátgéber Akadémia, otu n'ime otu egwuregwu Hungarian.  Ọ si Hungary kwaga Barcelona na 2020, ngwaọrụ FC Barcelona B na 2020. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọ ga-agbago na otu nke FC Barcelona na 2021, na-eme ngosi iri na atọ na oge 2021-22.

. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Yeager|first=Jon|date=22 June 2023|title=BREAKING: Hornets Draft James Nnaji|url=https://www.si.com/nba/hornets/nba-draft-2023/breaking-hornets-draft-james-nnaji|accessdate=22 June 2023|work=SI.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;Nnaji kwuputara maka 2023 NBA draft, ebe a mụrụ ya dị ka 24th-kachasị mma mmetụta na ESPN Top 100. [1] Na June 22, 2023, Nnaji chirira 31st n'ozuzu na 2023 NBA draft site na Detroit Pistons, bụ nke wee  ree ya na Charlotte Hornets .

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;'''Okechukwu Amah''' bụ Onye injinia mmanụ ala na onye nkuzi nke Nchịkwa azụmahịa na [[Naijiria]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dr. Okechukwu Amah – IWFI&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Okechukwu Amah – IWFI|url=https://www.iwfionline.org/dr-okechukwu-amah/|accessdate=2023-01-06|language=en|archivedate=2023-01-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106073044/https://www.iwfionline.org/dr-okechukwu-amah/}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye otu ngalaba ma na-akụzi Human Resources, Leadership, na Human Behavior in Organizations na Lagos Business School . [1] &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-12|title=Okechukwu Amah - Lagos Business School|url=https://www.lbs.edu.ng/faculty_profiles/okechukwu-ethelbert-amah/|accessdate=2023-01-05|work=Lagos Business School - Pan-Atlantic University|archivedate=2023-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105145534/https://www.lbs.edu.ng/faculty_profiles/okechukwu-ethelbert-amah/}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye nduzi nyocha na Lagos Business School, [[Pan-Atlantic University|Mahadum Pan Atlantic]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://wordery.com/globalisation-and-leadership-in-africa-okechukwu-ethelbert-amah-9783319987637|title=Globalisation and Leadership in Africa by Okechukwu Ethelbert Amah (Hardback)|date=2018-10-02|isbn=978-3-319-98763-7|language=en|author=Amah|first=Okechukwu Ethelbert}}&lt;/ref&gt; nwere ihe karịrị afọ &lt;ref name=&quot;Researcher detail&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Researcher detail|url=https://www.psinetwork.org/researcher-detail/OkechukwuAmah|accessdate=2023-01-06|work=www.psinetwork.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke ahụmịhe na-arụ ọrụ na Chevron Nigeria Limited, ebe o nwere ọtụtụ ọkwa njikwa.

Okechukwu Amah Nationality Nigerian Alma mater University of Ibadan, University of Benin Occupation (s) Petroleum Engineer and Business Administration AcademicEmployerLagos Business School 
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

== Mmụta ==
Okechukwu nwetara akara ugo mmụta mbụ ya na Petroleum Engineering na Mahadum Ibadan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-12|title=Okechukwu Amah - Lagos Business School|url=https://www.lbs.edu.ng/faculty_profiles/okechukwu-ethelbert-amah/|accessdate=2023-01-06|work=Lagos Business School - Pan-Atlantic University|archivedate=2023-01-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105145536/https://www.lbs.edu.ng/faculty_profiles/okechukwu-ethelbert-amah/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Dr. Okechukwu Amah – IWFI&quot;/&gt; nwetakwara nzere masta na Business Administration na Ph.D. na Business Administration (Omume nhazi) na Mahadum Benin . [1]

== Ndụ ==
Okechukwu malitere ọrụ ya dị ka injinia mmanụ na Texaco Overseas Nigeria Limited . &lt;ref name=&quot;Researcher detail&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Researcher detail&quot; /&gt;'oge ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, o nwere ọkwa dị mkpa dị ka District Petroleum Engineer na Assistant District Manager. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dr. Okechukwu Amah – IWFI&quot;/&gt; họpụtara ya dị ka onye njikwa mmepụta tupu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ esonyere Chevron Nigeria Limited. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dr. Okechukwu Amah – IWFI&quot; /&gt; ahụ, ọ sonyeere Chevron Nigeria Limited, na-ejide ọkwa ndị ọzọ dị mkpa tupu ọ hapụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.

Okechukwu sonyeere ngalaba &lt;ref name=&quot;igi-global.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About the Contributors {{!}} IGI Global {{!}} IGI Global|url=https://www.igi-global.com/pdf.aspx?tid=308349&amp;ptid=281709&amp;ctid=17&amp;t=About%20the%20Contributors&amp;isxn=9781799898405|accessdate=2023-01-06|work=www.igi-global.com|archivedate=2023-01-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106084455/https://www.igi-global.com/pdf.aspx?tid=308349&amp;ptid=281709&amp;ctid=17&amp;t=About%20the%20Contributors&amp;isxn=9781799898405}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lagos Business School mgbe afọ 31 gasịrị dị ka onye isi na Chevron Nigeria Ltd. Mpaghara nyocha ya gụnyere idu ndú, nguzozi ọrụ na ndụ, na àgwà ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;'etiti ndị ọkachamara ya, ọ bụ onye otu Society of Petroleum Engineers, Nigerian Academy of Management, American Academy of Management. [1] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Amah|first=Okechukwu Ethelbert|url=https://www.amazon.com/Globalisation-Leadership-Africa-Developments-Challenges-ebook/dp/B07FL4PF68/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=Okechukwu+Amah&amp;qid=1672997525&amp;s=digital-text&amp;sr=1-1|title=Globalisation and Leadership in Africa: Developments and Challenges for the Future|date=2018-09-22|publisher=Palgrave Pivot|edition=1st|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Amah|first=Okechukwu|date=6 January 2023|title=Okechukwu Amah: BSc Petroleum Engineering, MBA, PhD|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Okechukwu-Amah|accessdate=6 January 2022|work=Researchgate}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye edemede, o bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na ọmụmụ ihe na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọkà mmụta gburugburu ụwa. Ugbu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About – IWFI|url=http://www.iwfionline.org/about/|accessdate=2023-01-06|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ọ na-eje ozi na bọọdụ nke Institute for Work and Family Integration ya na onye isi [[Lagos Business School|Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Azụmaahịa Lagos]] [[Chris Ogbechie]].

== Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ ==

* Amah, Okechkwu (2023). Idozi ihe ịma aka nke idu ndú Afrịka: nghọta site na akụkọ ihe mere eme. Emerald Publishing Limited&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/Resolving-African-Leadership-Challenge-Insight-ebook/dp/B0B88GGN48?ref_=ast_sto_dp|title=Resolving the African Leadership Challenge: Insight From History|date=2023-01-26|publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited|editor=Amah|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Amah, E. Okechukwu &amp; Ogah, Marvel (2021). Njikọ ọrụ-ndụ n'Africa: Ụzọ dị iche iche iji nweta nguzozi. Palgrave Macmillan'''ISBN 978-3030691127'''
* Amah, Okechukwu (2018).Globalization na idu ndú n'Africa: Ọganihu na ihe ịma aka maka ọdịnihu.Ogwe aka na-eme ihe nkiri '''ISBN 978-3319987637'''
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mmetụta afọ ojuju ọrụ na mmekọrịta ebumnuche ntụgharị: mmetụta dị nro nke ọrụ ọrụ ọrụ na afọ ojuju ndụ. Nnyocha na Omume na Human Resource Management, ''17'' (1), 24-35.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&amp;hl=en&amp;cluster=7180345719819796285|accessdate=2023-01-06|work=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ịchọpụta mmalite na nsonaazụ nke idu ndú ohu. ''Journal of General Management'', ''43'' (3), 126-138.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Amah|first=Okechukwu E|date=2018|title=Determining the antecedents and outcomes of servant leadership|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0306307017749634|journal=Journal of General Management|language=en|volume=43|issue=3|pages=126–138|doi=10.1177/0306307017749634|issn=0306-3070}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Omume njikwa ihe onwunwe mmadụ, afọ ojuju ọrụ, na mmekọrịta mmekọrịta mmekọrịta mmekọrịta: Mmetụta nke ọdịiche agbụrụ na ọdịiche. ''SA Journal of Industrial Psychology'', ''45'' (1), 1-11.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Google Scholar|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&amp;hl=en&amp;q=related:k87M_7YfzQQJ:scholar.google.com/|accessdate=2023-01-06|work=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Esemokwu ezinụlọ na ọrụ na nnweta nke mmekọrịta mmekọrịta enyi na enyi nke ezinụlọ na ndị ọrụ lụrụ di: ọrụ dị nro nke ọrụ na nsonaazụ ọrụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Amah|first=Okechukwu E.|date=2010|title=Family-Work Conflict and the Availability of Work-Family Friendly Policy Relationship in Married Employees: The Moderating Role of Work Centrality and Career Consequence|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;db=bth&amp;AN=61219042&amp;site=ehost-live|journal=Research &amp; Practice in Human Resource Management|volume=18|issue=2|pages=35–46}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp; Omume na Human Resource Management, ''18'' (2). [1]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Mmekọrịta ndị ọrụ na Naịjirịa: Ọrụ nke ndị isi na mgbanwe ókèala. ''SA Journal of Industrial Psychology'', ''44'' (1), 1-8.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Amah|first=Okechukwu E.|date=2018-01-01|title=Employee engagement in Nigeria : the role of leaders and boundary variables|url=https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.4102/sajip.v44i0.1514|journal=SA Journal of Industrial Psychology|volume=44|issue=1|pages=1–8|doi=10.4102/sajip.v44i0.1514}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=cURNJb0AAAAJ&amp;hl=en/ Akwụkwọ ndị Google Scholar depụtara]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Ivory bu aha ahia ngwa eji eleta onwe Nke America. Obu Procter na Gamble company meputara ya, tinyekwa ufodu ocha na ezigbo ncha ha meputara nke amara ha Maka odi ocha na use n'elu mmiri. N'afo Nile ulo oru na agbagote n'ime ngwa ndi ozo.'''
[[Usòrò:New_Ivory.png|thumb|Ivory Soap {{circa|2010|2020}}]]

== Ihe ndị e ji mee ya ==
Ogwe ncha Ivory nwere [[Ncha|sodium tallowate]], sodium cocoate ma ọ bụ sodium palm kernelate, [[mmiri]], sodium chloride, sodium silicate, magnesium sulfate, na ísì ụtọ. Sabọn ahụ nwere uru pH nke 9.5. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://waltonfeed.com/old/soap/soaplit.html|title=Determining Your Soap's pH|date=2006-11-09|accessdate=2016-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109205416/http://waltonfeed.com/old/soap/soaplit.html|archivedate=November 9, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:New_Ivory.png|thumb|Ivory Soap {{circa|2010|2020}}]]
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pg.com/productsafety/ingredients/household_care/dish_washing/Ivory/Ivory_Dish_Liquid.pdf|title=Ivory. Ultra Clean, Ultra Gentle, Ultra Ivory|accessdate=2021-03-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; ịsa efere ọdụ́ nwere mmiri, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, alkyl dimethyl amine oxide, sodium chloride, PPG-26, cyclohexanediamine, phenoxyethanol, methylisothiazolinone, na ísì ụtọ. A na-ewere ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ihe na-asacha kama ịbụ ncha. 

Ụdị ncha Ivory ọhụrụ nwere ihe ọhụrụ. Simply Ivory (French: simply ivory) nwere sodium tallow na / ma ọ bụ sodium palmate, mmiri, sodium cocoate ma ọ bụ sodium palm kernelate, glycerin, sodium chloride, ísì ụtọ, na otu ma ọ bụ karịa n'ime ihe ndị a: akị bekee acid, nkwụ kernel acid, tallow acid, palmitic acid, na tetrasodium EDTA. Ịtinye glycerol na fatty acids na-ebelata ike ncha, ebe a na-eji tetrasodium EDTA eme ihe iji belata mmepụta ncha. Ivory ncha ngwugwu ewepụla okwu &quot;soap&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;float&quot;, ma ugbu a na-emepụta ya na usoro ka mma.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist|refs=&lt;ref name=Kenny1895&gt;{{cite book |last=Kenny |first=Daniel J. |title=Illustrated Guide to Cincinnati and the World's Columbian Exposition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=US8WAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA228 |year=1895 |publisher=R. Clarke |page=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=snopes&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.snopes.com/business/origins/ivory.asp |title=Origins of Ivory soap |date=May 19, 2011 |website=Snopes.com |access-date=2011-11-28 |last=Mikkelson |first=Barbara}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Cox&gt;{{cite book |last=Cox |first=Jim |title=Sold on Radio: Advertisers in the Golden Age of Broadcasting |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RwVkMMLqMdkC&amp;pg=PA213 |year=2008 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5176-0 |page=213}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=AP1992&gt;{{cite news |title=New Ivory gets that sinking feeling |newspaper=Lakeland Ledger |agency=[[Associated Press|AP]] |date=October 23, 1992 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&amp;dat=19921023&amp;id=nLROAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=SvwDAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3026,1543665 |access-date=2015-02-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Sink&gt;{{cite news |title=The Media Business: Advertising; Ivory soap uses a bar that sinks, a $250,000 contest and old-style packaging to increase sales |first=Jane L. |last=Levere |date=October 25, 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/25/business/media-business-advertising-ivory-soap-uses-bar-that-sinks-250000-contest-old.html?sec=&amp;spon=&amp;pagewanted=all |access-date=2015-02-06|quote=...advertising campaign, reports, &quot;1,051 of the bars will sink, instead of float&quot;.}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}</text>
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'''Ivory bu aha ahia ngwa eji eleta onwe Nke America. Obu Procter na Gamble company meputara ya, tinyekwa ufodu ocha na ezigbo ncha ha meputara nke amara ha Maka odi ocha na use n'elu mmiri. N'afo Nile ulo oru na agbagote n'ime ngwa ndi ozo.'''
[[Usòrò:New_Ivory.png|thumb|Ivory Soap {{circa|2010|2020}}]]

== Ihe ndị e ji mee ya ==
Ogwe ncha Ivory nwere [[Ncha|sodium tallowate]], sodium cocoate ma ọ bụ sodium palm kernelate, [[mmiri]], sodium chloride, sodium silicate, magnesium sulfate, na ísì ụtọ. Sabọn ahụ nwere uru pH nke 9.5. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://waltonfeed.com/old/soap/soaplit.html|title=Determining Your Soap's pH|date=2006-11-09|accessdate=2016-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109205416/http://waltonfeed.com/old/soap/soaplit.html|archivedate=November 9, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:New_Ivory.png|thumb|Ivory Soap {{circa|2010|2020}}]]
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pg.com/productsafety/ingredients/household_care/dish_washing/Ivory/Ivory_Dish_Liquid.pdf|title=Ivory. Ultra Clean, Ultra Gentle, Ultra Ivory|accessdate=2021-03-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; ịsa efere ọdụ́ nwere mmiri, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, alkyl dimethyl amine oxide, sodium chloride, PPG-26, cyclohexanediamine, phenoxyethanol, methylisothiazolinone, na ísì ụtọ. A na-ewere ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ihe na-asacha kama ịbụ ncha. 

Ụdị ncha Ivory ọhụrụ nwere ihe ọhụrụ. Simply Ivory (French: simply ivory) nwere sodium tallow na / ma ọ bụ sodium palmate, mmiri, sodium cocoate ma ọ bụ sodium palm kernelate, glycerin, sodium chloride, ísì ụtọ, na otu ma ọ bụ karịa n'ime ihe ndị a: akị bekee acid, nkwụ kernel acid, tallow acid, palmitic acid, na tetrasodium EDTA. Ịtinye glycerol na fatty acids na-ebelata ike ncha, ebe a na-eji tetrasodium EDTA eme ihe iji belata mmepụta ncha. Ivory ncha ngwugwu ewepụla okwu &quot;soap&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;float&quot;, ma ugbu a na-emepụta ya na usoro ka mma.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|refs=&lt;ref name=Kenny1895&gt;{{cite book |last=Kenny |first=Daniel J. |title=Illustrated Guide to Cincinnati and the World's Columbian Exposition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=US8WAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA228 |year=1895 |publisher=R. Clarke |page=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=snopes&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.snopes.com/business/origins/ivory.asp |title=Origins of Ivory soap |date=May 19, 2011 |website=Snopes.com |access-date=2011-11-28 |last=Mikkelson |first=Barbara}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Cox&gt;{{cite book |last=Cox |first=Jim |title=Sold on Radio: Advertisers in the Golden Age of Broadcasting |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RwVkMMLqMdkC&amp;pg=PA213 |year=2008 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-5176-0 |page=213}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=AP1992&gt;{{cite news |title=New Ivory gets that sinking feeling |newspaper=Lakeland Ledger |agency=[[Associated Press|AP]] |date=October 23, 1992 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&amp;dat=19921023&amp;id=nLROAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=SvwDAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3026,1543665 |access-date=2015-02-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=Sink&gt;{{cite news |title=The Media Business: Advertising; Ivory soap uses a bar that sinks, a $250,000 contest and old-style packaging to increase sales |first=Jane L. |last=Levere |date=October 25, 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/25/business/media-business-advertising-ivory-soap-uses-bar-that-sinks-250000-contest-old.html?sec=&amp;spon=&amp;pagewanted=all |access-date=2015-02-06|quote=...advertising campaign, reports, &quot;1,051 of the bars will sink, instead of float&quot;.}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>El Hadi Ahmed El Sheikh</title>
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        <username>Edozie Ojekwe</username>
        <id>24584</id>
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'''[[w:El Hadi Ahmed El Sheikh|El Hadi Ahmed El Sheikh]]''' &lt;small&gt;[[FRCOphth]]&lt;/small&gt; ({{lang-ar|الهادي أحمد الشيخ}}; 28 Jun 1933, [[w:|Shendi]] – 23 Septemba 2009, [[w:|Khartoum]]) bụ Ọkammụta si mba Sudan n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|Ophthalmology]] na ngalaba Ophthalmology, Mahadum Khartoum na onye nnyocha [[w:World Health Organisation|WHO]]. El Sheikh guzobere ụlọ ọgwụ [[w:Abu Hamad | Abu-Hamad Town]] n'afọ 1962 na ngalaba Ophthalmology, Mahadum Khartoum n'afọ 1994. A maara ya maka ọrụ enyemaka na ịhazi mkpọsa nlekọta anya nke na-enye ọgwụgwọ n'efu maka ndị Sudan na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ.

=== Ndụ na Ọrụ Ya ===
==== Mmalite Ndụ Ya ====
A mụrụ El Sheikh na 28 Jun 1933 na [[w:|Shendi]], Sudan, onye nke ọdụdụ n'ime ezinụlọ nke ụmụnne nwanyị anọ. Ezinụlọ ya so na [[w:|Tijaniyyah]] Sufi, otu ama ama maka ile ọbịa na mmesapụ aka, nke ga-emesịa kpụzie ụzọ El Sheikh si were nweta ọgwụ na ọgwụgwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | ụbọchị = 2018-12-01 | aha = د. الهادي احمد الشيخ وآذا محمد ابراحيم النقد |trans-title=Dr Elhadi Ahmed na Mr Mohammed Ibrahim Nogod |url=https://www.alttahrer.com/archives/19679 |url-status=live |archive-url=https:/ /web.archive.org/web/20230227034532/https://www.alttahrer.com/archives/19679 |archive-date=2023-02-27 | nweta-date=2022-11-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cete akwụkwọ | ikpeazụ=Safi |first=Ahmed El |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ogiaxAEACAAJ |title= Ọgwụ Sudanese Omenala: Ihe izizi maka Ndị na-enye nlekọta ahụike, ndị nyocha na ụmụ akwụkwọ | ụbọchị = 2019-04-27 | onye mbipụta = Amazon Digital Services LLC - Kdp Bipụta Anyị |isbn=978-1-0951-8247-5 |asụsụ = en | nweta-ụbọchị = 2022-11- 21 |archive-date=2023-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130165122/https://books.google.com/books?id=ogiaxAEACAAJ |url-status= dị ndụ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ọrụ Ahụike Ya ====
El Sheikh buru ụzọ debanye aha na Mahadum Khartoum mana ọ hapụrụ dịka ezinụlọ ya kwenyere na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ bụ elitist ma ghara ikwekọ n'ụkpụrụ ha, emesịa banye [[w:|Mahadum Ain Shams]]. El Sheikh gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 1959, wee malite ọzụzụ ahụike ya na Mahadum Ain Shams n'afọ 1960 dịka onye ọrụ ụlọ tupu ọ pụọ ịbanye [[w:|Atbara Teaching Hospital]] n'afọ 1961 dị ka onye ọrụ ahụike ruo afọ 1962.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=الحادي احمد الشيخ (رائد تعريف التراكوما والعمى) |trans-title=El Hadi Ahmed El Sheikh: Milestones in Sudanese Ophthalmology, Research in Blindness, Onchocerciasis &amp; Trachoma | url=http://sudan-health.blogspot.com/2010/04/el-hadi-ahmed-el-sheikh.html |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=الحادي احمد الشيخ (راعد التراقة التراكوما والمى )| Archive-date=2023-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223004212/http://sudan-health.blogspot.com/2010/04/el-hadi- ahmed-el-sheikh.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=نورالدين |first=رياضي |date=2015-12-29 | aha =عزماء حتى الشهادة: الشهيد الشفيع احمد الشيخ |trans-title=Oké ruo mgbe e gburu ya: onye na-arịọchitere okwukwe Ahmed Sheikh |url=http://odammaa.blogspot.com/2015/12/blog-post_3.html | nweta-ụbọchị = 2022-11-22 |websaịtị=عظماء حتى الشهادة |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227034608/http://odammaa.blogspot.com 2015/12/blog-post_3.html |url-status=ebi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1962, El Sheikh hiwere ụlọọgwụ [[w:Abu Hamad | Abu-Hamad Town]] tupu ọ bụrụ onye na-edeba aha afọ abụọ na [[w:|Khartoum Eye Hospital]]. Mgbe e mesịrị na 1963, ọ kwagara United Kingdom ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na [[w:|Moorfields Eye Hospital]] wee nweta nzere diplọma n'isi ọmụmụ Ophthalmology site na [[w:|Royal College of Physicians of London]] n'afọ 1964 na [[w:|Royal College of Surgeons of London, England]] na 1964.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite akwụkwọ | ikpeazụ=Safi |first=Ahmed El |url=https://media.tghn.org/site_finder/sites/documents/El-Hadi_Ahmed_El_Shaikh_his_life_and_work .pdf |title=El Hadi Ahmed El Sheikh: Mlestones na Sudanese Ophthalmology, Research in Blindness, Onchocerciasis &amp; Trachoma |date=2019-04-30 |Onye nkwusa=Ebipụtara onwe ya |isbn=978-1-0964-3574-7 |asụsụ =en | nweta-ụbọchị = 2022-11-21 | Archive-date=2022-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121203940/https://media.tghn.org /site_finder/sites/documents/El-Hadi_Ahmed_El_Shaikh_his_life_and_work.pdf |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
El Sheikh laghachiri Sudan, na-arụ ọrụ na Khartoum Eye Hospital dị ka Junior Eye Specialist, nakwa na [[w:|Wad Madani Hospital]] dịka onye dọkịnta anya enyemaka, n'etiti 1964 na 1965. Ọ kwagara na ngalaba ọwụwa-ahụ, Mahadum Khartoum, dị ka onye nkuzi n'isi ọmụmụ Ophthalmology n'afọ 1967. E mesịa, ọ ghọrọ osote ọkammụta n'afọ 1973.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Otu n'ime ụmụnne El Sheikh bụ [[w:El Shafiei Ahmed El Sheikh | El Shafiei]], onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Sudan ama ama nke e gburu ya na [[w:|Abdel Khaliq Mahjub] n'afọ 1971 site n'aka [[w:|Jaafar Nimeiry]] maka itinye aka ha ọnwụnwa anwara ime [[w:|1971 Sudanese coup d'état]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ya mere, mgbe e gbuchara nwanne ya nwoke, El Sheikh kpebiri ịga UK, ebe ọ bụ na enyere ya ihe nrite ịbụ onye òtù nnyocha [[w:|World Health Organisation]] (WHO) Research na [[w:|UCL Institute of Ophthalmology]], ya na ọkwa nsọpụrụ [[w:|Senior Registrar]] n'ụlọ ọgwụ Anya Moorfields n'etiti 1973-1978. N'ime oge ahụ, ọ gụchara maka ọrịa na-efe efe na ọzụzụ gbasara ahụike na [[w:|London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]] (1975-1976). Ọ rụrụ ọtụtụ ubi na ọrụ ụlọ nyocha tupu ọ nweta nzere [[w:|Doctor of Philosophy]] na Mahadum London n'afọ 1978.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
 
Mgbe ọ laghachiri Sudan n'afọ 1988, El Sheikh sonyeere Mahadum Khartoum dị ka ọkammụta nke Ophthalmology. O mechara guzobe Ngalaba Ophthalmology n'afọ 1994 wee laa ezumike nka n'afọ 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ndụ Onwe onye na ọnwụ Ya ===
El Sheikh lụrụ nwaanyị ma mụọ ụmụ anọ. Ọ nwụrụ na 23 Septemba 2009 na Khartoum.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=elhadi {{!}} Naanị saịtị UofK ọzọ |url=http://staffpages.uofk. edu/elhadi/ | nweta-date=2022-11-21 |asụsụ=en-US |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227034731/http ://staffpages.uofk.edu/elhadi/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;


=== Ọrụ Ya Dịka Onye Na-awa Anya===
El Sheikh tinyere aka n'ọtụtụ ọrụ iji meziwanye ịwa ahụ anya, na-enwe mmasị dị ukwuu na [[w:|dacryocystorhinostomy]] na [[w:|oculoplastic]]. El Sheikh rụrụ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ọrụ ngò dị iche iche na World Health Organisation. Ọ bụ ọkachamara WHO na onye so na kọmitii nhazi nke [[w:|Onchocerciasis]]. El Sheikh bụ onye isi oche nke [[w:|Sudanese Ophthalmological Society]] (1979–1981), na kemgbe afọ 1983, ọ bụ onye òtù Bọọdụ Ezege nke [[w:The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness|International Agency for Prevention of Blindness]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
 
A maara El Sheikh maka ọrụ obiọma ya. Kemgbe afọ 1990, site n'enyemaka nke [[w:|HelpAge International]], ọ sụrụ ụzọ ịhazi mkpọsa nlekọta anya na ịmepụta ngalaba nlekọta anya mkpanaka nke nyere ọgwụgwọ n'efu nye ihe karịrị ndị Sudan puku iri abụọ na atọ na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ. Otú ọ dị, a naghị anabata mgbalị ya mgbe nile, a kpụgakwara ya n'ụlọ ikpe ọtụtụ ugboro maka ịwa ndị ọrịa ahụ n'èzí ụlọ ọgwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Na mkparịta ụka ya na Robert F Walters , Orbis Trustee |url=https://www.eyenews.uk.com/features/interviews/post/in-conversation-with-robert-f-walters-orbis-trustee |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230223004321/https://www.eyenews.uk.com/features/interviews/post/in-conversation-with-robert-f-walters-orbis-trustee |archive- date=2023-02-23 |access-date=2022-11-22 |website=Akuko Anya |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù Ya ===
El Sheikh bụ otu n'ime ndị dọkịta Sudan kacha eme eme, na-ejide ọtụtụ nsọpụrụ na ihe nrite. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye òtù [[w:|Royal College of Ophthalmologists]] (FRCOphth) n'afọ 1990. N'afọ 1995, [[w:|National Sudanese Society for Eye Treatment]] kpọrọ ihe nrite ha kwa afọ n'aha El Sheikh iji sọpụrụ ntinye ya niile n'isi ọmụmụ ophthalmology. Gọọmenti Sudan nyere ya ọla edo [[w:Orders, decorations, and medals of Sudan#Order for Science, Literature and Arts|Medal for Science, Literature and Arts]] na [[w:|Az-Zubair Prize for Innovation and Scientific Excellence]] n'afọ 2003.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== Edensibia ===
&lt;references /&gt;
=== Ịgụrụ Gawa ===
Ahmed El Safi. [https://media.tghn.org/site_finder/sites/documents/El-Hadi_Ahmed_El_Shaikh_his_life_and_work.pdf ''El Hadi Ahmed El Sheikh: Milestones in Sudanese Ophthalmology, Research in Blindness, Onchocerciasis &amp; Trachoma'']. Sudan Medical Heritage Foundation Publications (2010). {{ISBN|978-1-0964-3574-7}}.
[[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Khartoum]]
[[Category: Ndị òtù Royal College of Ophthalmologists]]
[[Category: Ndị ọ̀gwọ́ ọrịa si mba Sudan]]
[[Category: Ndị ọkachamara sayensị si mba Sudan]]
[[Category: Ndị natara ihe nrite Az-Zubair Prize for Innovation and Scientific Excellence]]
[[Category: Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1933]]
[[Category: Ndị nwụrụ n'afọ 2009]]</text>
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{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot; style=&quot;display:inline-block&quot;&gt;Priscilla Gloria Lorraine Baker&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |A mụrụ ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;Cape Town, South Africa&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mba
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |South Africa
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Alma mater&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[University of Cape Town|Mahadum nke Cape Town]] Mahadum of the Western Cape University of Stellenbosch&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[University of Stellenbosch|Mahadum Stellenbosch]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;'''Ọrụ sayensị'''
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ubi
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |Analytical chemistry, Electrochemistry, Nanoscience, Environmental scienceSayensị gburugburu ebe obibi
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụlọ ọrụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Mahadum nke Western Cape
|}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Priscilla Baker''' bụ prọfesọ nke analytical chemistry na Mahadum nke Western Cape . Ọ bụ onye isi nke SensorLab, ikpo okwu nyocha na electrochemistry nke na-ahụ maka electrodynamics nke ihe na sensọ. Ọ bụ onye otu Academy of Science nke South Africa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Members|url=https://www.assaf.org.za/index.php/about-assaf/members|work=[[Academy of Science of South Africa]]|accessdate=22 January 2018|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; European Scientific Network for Artificial Muscles (ESNAM) na Marie Curie International staff exchange scheme (IRSES). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Priscilla Baker|url=https://www.uwc.ac.za/Biography/Pages/Priscilla-Baker.aspx|work=www.uwc.ac.za|accessdate=22 January 2018|language=en-us|archivedate=16 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216084941/https://www.uwc.ac.za/Biography/Pages/Priscilla-Baker.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Baker nwetara BSc ya na Mahadum nke Cape Town wee gụọ akwụkwọ na Ocean na Atmospheric Science dị ka naanị nwanyị ojii na klas ya. Ọ gụsịrị National Diploma ya na Analytical Chemistry, na Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị mmasị na electrochemistry, o mere BSc Honours (Chemistry) ma mezue MSc dissertation ya (Chemology) na nyocha nke trace metals na ikuku na Mahadum nke Western Cape. N'afọ 2004, ọ natara PhD ya (Chemistry) na mpaghara nke ihe ọhụrụ metal oxide composites dị ka anodes maka mmebi phenol, na Mahadum Stellenbosch . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UWC's Prof Priscilla Baker wins Women in Science Award|url=https://www.uwc.ac.za/News/Pages/-Priscilla-Baker.aspx|work=www.uwc.ac.za|accessdate=22 January 2018|language=en-us|archivedate=16 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216143842/https://www.uwc.ac.za/News/Pages/-Priscilla-Baker.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women in Science Awards winners making their mark|url=https://www.gov.za/women-science-awards-winners-making-their-mark|work=[[Government of South Africa]]|accessdate=22 July 2019|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 2014, Baker natara ihe nrite Distinguished Woman Scientist Award na ngalaba nke Physical and Engineering Sciences site na mmemme Women in Science Awards nke Ngalaba Sayensị na Teknụzụ kwa afọ.

Baker ghọrọ onye nduzi nke Southern African Systems Analysis Centre (SASAC) na Nọvemba 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Priscilla Baker takes over reins at SASAC|url=http://sasac.ac.za/news/priscilla-baker-takes-over-reins-at-sasac/|work=www.sasac.ac.za|accessdate=22 July 2019|language=en-us|archivedate=22 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722212021/http://sasac.ac.za/news/priscilla-baker-takes-over-reins-at-sasac/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baker jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke mmemme SASAC na onye otu ndị isi mmemme, site na 2017-2019. O nyere aka n'ịkwalite nghọta nyocha na ịkwalite itinye aka na nyocha usoro na South Africa na Africa, site na usoro nchịkọta kwesịrị ekwesị, ogbako a lekwasịrị anya na nlekọta ma ọ bụ mmekorita site na IIASA na Austria, oche nke nyocha usoro. Site na mmemme SASAC, a kpọbatara ihe dị ka ụmụ akwụkwọ PhD 60 sitere na South Africa na Africa n'ime nyocha interdisciplinary na trans-boundary metụtara mkpa mba, mpaghara, na ụwa.

N'afọ 2018, e nyere Prọfesọ Baker DSI / NRF South African Research Chair (SARChI) na Analytical Systems and Processes for Priority and Emerging Contaminants (ASPPEC). Ngalaba Sayensị na Teknụzụ (DST) na National Research Foundation (NRF) guzobere South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI) na ebumnuche nke ịdọta na ijigide ịdị mma na nyocha na ihe ọhụrụ na mahadum ọha na eze South Africa site na ịmepụta Research Chairs. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uwc.ac.za/study/research-and-innovation/nrf-sarchi-chairs|title=NRF SARChI Chairs|accessdate=14 January 2023|archivedate=31 May 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531140546/https://www.uwc.ac.za/study/research-and-innovation/nrf-sarchi-chairs}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Priscilla Baker-Nanostructured semi-conductive interfaces for real time analytical solutions|url=https://ti-coast.yvent.nu/en/event/2020-11-05-fastest-2020-e-lectures/session/priscilla-baker-nanostructured-semi-conductive-interfaces-for-real-time-analytical-solutions|work=ti-coast.yvent.nu/en/|accessdate=14 January 2023|language=en-us|archivedate=2023-01-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115025343/https://ti-coast.yvent.nu/en/event/2020-11-05-fastest-2020-e-lectures/session/priscilla-baker-nanostructured-semi-conductive-interfaces-for-real-time-analytical-solutions}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye nduzi nke otu nyocha SensorLab [1] na nyocha ya na-elekwasị anya na usoro nyocha jikọtara ọnụ iji dozie nsogbu nlekota gburugburu ebe obibi, ahụike na nchekwa.

N'afọ 2020, a họpụtara Baker dị ka Fellow in Residence na Mahadum CY Cergy Paris na Paris-Seine Initiative for Excellence . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Internationally-acclaimed Senior Professor Priscilla Baker becomes research fellow at the University of Cergy-Pontoise|url=https://www.uwc.ac.za/about/alumni/news-events/internationally-acclaimed-senior-professor-priscilla-baker-becomes-research-fellow-at-the-university-of-cergy-pontoise-311|work=[[University of the Western Cape]]|author=Heever|first=Aidan van den|date=22 July 2019|accessdate=14 January 2023|language=en-us|archivedate=31 May 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531140546/https://www.uwc.ac.za/about/alumni/news-events/internationally-acclaimed-senior-professor-priscilla-baker-becomes-research-fellow-at-the-university-of-cergy-pontoise-311}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://labo.u-cergy.fr/~senergylab|title=Welcome on SENERGYLAB|date=25 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;'oge nhọpụta ya, o guzobere ụlọ nyocha mba ụwa Senergylab n'etiti otu nyocha SensorLab (Mahadum nke Western Cape) na ụlọ nyocha polymer LPPI na Mahadum CY Cergy Paris, France. Njikọ ọzụzụ postgraduate afọ 4 dabeere na ịkekọrịta ihe onwunwe na nka, iji nye mmemme PhD anọ edebanyere aha (nkwado) na mgbakwunye na mmemme njikọta nke ịmepụta ikike site na nleta nkuzi na nyocha mgbanwe, maka ndị Masters na PhD natara na mmekọrịta ahụ.

Baker jere ozi na mba ụwa dị ka osote onyeisi oche nke Electroanalytical Chemistry Division nke International Society of Electrochemistry (ISE, Switzerland) site na 2013 ruo 2016 dị ka onye nnọchi anya mpaghara ISE maka South Africa na Africa, site na 2016-2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ise-online.org/ise-committees/reg-rep.php|title=International Society of Electrochemistry|work=[[International Society of Electrochemistry]]|accessdate=14 January 2023|archivedate=3 August 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803153623/https://ise-online.org/ise-committees/reg-rep.php}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baker &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/baker-priscilla|title=Baker Priscilla|work=[[African Academy of Sciences]]|accessdate=14 January 2023|archivedate=26 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526092815/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/baker-priscilla}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fellow nke African Academy of Science, kemgbe 2018 [1] na Fellow nke Royal Society of Chemistry (UK, 2019) 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Jamie Uys</title>
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{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot; style=&quot;display:inline-block&quot;&gt;Jamie Uys&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |A mụrụ ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;nickname&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;Jacobus Johannes Uys&lt;/div&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;1921-05-30&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; 30 Mee 1921&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Boksburg]], [[Transvaal province|Transvaal]], Union of South Africa[[Union of South Africa|Njikọ nke South Africa]]&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nwụrụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |29 Jenụwarị 1996 &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;(1996-01-29)&lt;/span&gt; (afọ 74) &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;deathplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Johannesburg]], South Africa[[South Africa|Saụt Afrịka]]&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Afọ ndị ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1951–1989
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Nwunye
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Hettie Uys
|}
'''Jacobus Johannes Uys''' (/Eɪs/; 30 Mee 1921 - 29 Jenụwarị 1996), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka '''Jamie Uys''', bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri South Africa, nke a maarakarị maka iduzi Ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị nke 1980 The Gods Must Be Crazy na ihe ọzọ na-eso ya na 1989 The Gods Must be Crazy II . Uys nyekwara ntụziaka maka ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke afọ 1974 Animals Are Beautiful People .

== Oge ọ malitere ==
Tupu &lt;ref name=&quot;nyt obit&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/02/nyregion/jamie-uys-74-the-director-of-the-gods-must-be-crazy.html|title=Jamie Uys, 74, the Director Of 'The Gods Must Be Crazy'|date=2 February 1996|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=25 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; banye na ihe nkiri, Uys bụ onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ n'obodo ya bụ Boksburg. Mgbe ahụ, ọ lụrụ Hettie, onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ ibe ya, di na nwunye ahụ malitekwara ọrụ ugbo na imeghe ụlọ ahịa n'akụkụ Osimiri Palala. E mechara họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka iwu na onye ọka ikpe nke udo. &lt;ref name=&quot;allan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Allan|first=Jani|authorlink=Jani Allan|date=1980s|title=[[Face Value (book)|Face Value]]|publisher=Longstreet}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ajụjụ ọnụ, o kwuru, sị, &quot;Na Tuesday ọ bụla m na-agafe mba kachasị njọ ma na-egwu mmiri gafee osimiri iji ruo n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii ebe m nwere ike ịga n'ụlọ ikpe&quot;.

== Ọrụ ==
O mere nke mbụ ya dị ka onye nduzi ihe nkiri na 1951 na ihe nkiri [[Afrikaans language|Asụsụ Afrikaans]] bụ ''Daar doer na die bosveld'' . O duziri ihe nkiri iri abụọ na anọ. Ya na [[Tommie Meyer]] guzobere ụlọ ọrụ mana ha mechara kewaa.

Uys natara 1981 Grand Prix na Festival International du Film de Comedie nke Vevey maka The Gods Must Be Crazy, na 1974 ọ natara onyinye Hollywood Foreign Press Association maka ihe ngosi kachasị mma maka Animals Are Beautiful People.

Animals Are Beautiful People bụ maka ndụ osisi na anụmanụ na South Africa, [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]] na [[Zimbabwe]], ọkachasị ihe ndị e kere eke n'ọzara. Ihe dị ịrịba ama nke ihe nkiri ahụ gụnyere ihe nkiri nke enyí, warthogs, baboons, ostriches na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na-agagharị gburugburu mgbe ha risịrị mkpụrụ osisi marula rere ure, nke na-agbari. A na-eto Jamie Uys na akụkọ ifo a nke ụmụ anụmanụ na-aṅụbiga mmanya ókè na mkpụrụ osisi marula.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ihe nkiri Jamie Uys kachasị nwee ọganihu na nke a ma ama bụ The Gods Must Be Crazy, ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị nke mbụ e wepụtara na 1980. Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara onye na-achụ nta / onye na-achịkọta ihe San aha ya bụ N!xau na-eduzi ọrụ. Atụmatụ ya metụtara karama Coca-Cola nke a tụpụrụ n'ụgbọelu, dabara n'Ọzara Kalahari ma bụrụ nke agbụrụ San chọtara. Ebe ọ bụ na nke a bụ naanị ihe &quot;ọgbara ọhụrụ&quot; n'ụwa ha, ọ kpatara esemokwu ma kpebie na a ga-eweghachiri chi ahụ, ndị ga-eziga ya na mbụ. E nyere onye N!xau na-eme ọrụ iji weghachite ya. Ihe nkiri ahụ mere &lt;ref name=&quot;allan&quot; /&gt; ọ bụrụ ihe ịga nke ọma na [[Obodo Békè|Europe]], [[Japan]] na North America, ebe a na-ere ikike ihe nkiri ahụ na mba 45. Ọ mepụtara ihe na-agaghị nke ọma, The Gods Must Be Crazy II.

Uys mere ihe nkiri ọzọ na Kalahari Desert: Lost in the Desert, nke na-akọ akụkọ banyere mbọ Dirkie Hayes gbara afọ 8 na-agba ịlanarị n'ọzara mgbe ọ lanarịrị ihe mberede ụgbọelu, ebe nna ya Anton na-eme mgbalị siri ike ịchọta ya. Tinyere iduzi ihe nkiri ahụ, Jamie Uys mekwara akụkụ nke Anton, nwa ya nwoke Wynand Uys mekọkwara akụkụ nke Dirkie. Ụfọdụ isi mmalite na ihe nrite na-akpọ onye nduzi na onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke Anton dị ka Jamie Hayes, ma kpọọ Wynand Uys dị ka Dirkie Hayes, mana a na-ekwu na DVD nke ihe nkiri ahụ na-adịbeghị anya bụ ezigbo aha ha.

Ihe nkiri ọzọ a ma ama nke Uys bụ Funny People na 1977, nke bụ ihe ọchị n'otu ụdị dị ka Candid Camera na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], na-etinye ndị na-amaghị ihe n'ọnọdụ ihere. Ndị a gụnyere igbe post na-ekwu okwu, nke nwere olu nwoke na-azọrọ na ọ tọrọ n'ime, onye na-arịọ onye na-agafe agafe maka enyemaka. Mgbe onye na-agafe agafe na ndị enyi ya laghachiri, igbe akwụkwọ ozi 'na-ekwu okwu' adịghị ekwu okwu, ndị enyi ya na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ ṅụbigara mmanya ókè. E wepụtara ihe na-esote ya, Funny People II, na 1983, ma gosipụta [[Arnold Vosloo]] na-eto eto onye mechara bụrụ onye a ma ama na Hollywood.

Uys hụrụ n'anya n'èzí na ịpụ n'ọgba aghara nke Johannesburg ebe ọ bi. O nwere obere ebe obibi A-frame na Paradise Beach (262, Die Heide St), ebe ezumike dị jụụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri 5 kilomita n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke paradaịs ndị na-agba ọsọ Jeffreys Bay (Eastern Cape). &amp;nbsp;Ọ dị ihe dị ka mita 300 site n'oké osimiri ma n'ihe ka ọtụtụ n'afọ ọ nweghị ọkụ eletrik - naanị oriọna paraffin na (mgbe e mesịrị) ọkụ gas. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-aga ezumike kachasị amasị ya ebe a hụrụ ya ka ọ na-anakọta ụdị osisi, dị ka onye na-amụ banyere ihe ọkụkụ nke nwere herbarium nke ya. Uys ga-agba ịnyịnya ígwè ya iji gaa ebe ndị na-adọrọ mmasị n'ọhịa. Ọ bụkwa onye na-ewu ụgbọelu, nke ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ awa na ya n'oge nleta ya na Paradise Beach. Na ngwụcha afọ 1970 na mmalite afọ 1980 o nwere ụlọ mara mma e wuru n'akụkụ osimiri, narị mita ole na ole site na A-frame ochie ya.

== Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ ==

* ''Daar Doer na Die Bosveld'' (1951) - Hans Botha
* ''[[Vyftig-vyftig]]'' (1953) - Hans Botha
* ''[[Daar Doer in die Stad|Daar Doer na die Stad]]'' (1954) - Hans Botha
* ''[[Geld Soos Bossies]]'' (1955) 
* ''[[Paul Krüger (film)|Paul Krüger]]'' (1956) - Nwanne nwoke nke obere
* ''[[Die Bosvelder]]'' (1958) - Hans Botha
* ''[[Rip van Wyk]]'' (1960) - Rip van Wik
* Hou die Blink Kant Bo (1960) - Onwe ya (enweghị aha) 
* Hans en die Rooinek (1961) - Hans Botha
* The Hellions (1961) - Ernie Dobbs
* ''[[Lord Oom Piet]]'' (1962) - Piet Kromhout
* Die Wonderwêreld van Kammie Kamfer (1965) - Witch Doctor (olu, a na-edeghị aha ya) 
* All the Way to Paris (1966) - Igor Strogoff
* ''Dingaka'' (1965) 
* Mgbe Gị, Comrade (1967) 
* ''[[Die Professor en die Prikkelpop|Die Prọfesọ na die Prikkelpop]]'' (1967) - Prọfesor Hans Botha
* Lost in the Desert (Afrikaans version as &quot;Dirkie&quot;: 1969; English version as &quot; Dirkie Lost in the Disert&quot; / &quot;Lost in the Desart&quot;: 1969) - Anton DeVries
* ''[[Ụmụ anụmanụ bụ ndị mara mma]]'' (1974) 
* ''[[Funny People (1976 film)|Ndị na-atọ ọchị]]'' - Onwe ya / Olu dị iche iche (enweghị aha) 
* The Gods Must Be Crazy (1980) - The Reverend (enweghị aha) 
* Funny People II (1983) - Onwe ya (enweghị aha) 
* The Gods Must Be Crazy II (1989) - Bob (olu, uncredited) (ihe nkiri ikpeazụ) 

== Edensibia ==
Must Be Crazy, na 1974 ọ natara onyinye Hollywood Foreign Press Association maka ihe ngosi kachasị mma maka Animals Are Beautiful People.Must Be Crazy, na 1974 ọ natara onyinye Hollywood Foreign Press Association maka ihe ngosi kachasị mma maka Animals Are Beautiful People.Must Be Crazy, na 1974 ọ natara onyinye Hollywood Foreign Press Association maka ihe ngosi kachasị mma maka Animals Are Beautiful People.{{Reflist}}

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* {{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-04-11-ca-11983-story.html|title=Jamie Uys: He's Been Crazy About 'Gods'|author=Champlin|first=Charles|date=11 April 1985|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=25 July 2020}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
 

* {{IMDb name|id=0371059|name=Jamie Uys}}
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{{Databox}}'''Jamila Bio Ibrahim''' bụ [[Ndị Naijiria|dibia]] bekee na onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị nke na-arụ ọrụ ugbua dịka minista na-ahụ maka ndị ntorobịa Naijiria. Onye isi ala [[Bola Tinubu]] họpụtara ya n'ọkwa ahụ na Septemba 2023. Tupu nhọpụta ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Progressive Young Women Forum (PYWF). Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye enyemaka pụrụiche nye Gọvanọ [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara State]] na Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=September 2023|title=President Bola Tinubu has appointed Jamila Bio Ibrahim as the minister of youth. The president also appointed Ayodele Olawande to serve as the minister of state for youth|url=https://www.thecable.ng/breaking-tinubu-appoints-jamila-ibrahim-youth-minister-olawande-as-minister-of-state/amp|work=thecable.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Angbulu|first=Stephen|date=2023-09-17|title=Tinubu nominates Ibrahim, Olawande as youth ministers|url=https://punchng.com/tinubu-nominates-ibrahim-olawande-as-youth-ministers/|accessdate=2023-12-30|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-09-17|title=Who is Jamila Ibrahim? Biography, Age, Marriage, Career, and More|url=https://newswirengr.com/2023/09/17/who-is-jamila-ibrahim-biography-age-marriage-career-and-more/|accessdate=2023-12-30|work=NewsWireNGR|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=September 2023|title=PROFILE: Jamila Ibrahim, Olawande... here are Tinubu's nominees for youth ministry|url=https://www.thecable.ng/profile-jamila-ibrahim-olawande-here-are-tinubus-nominees-for-youth-ministry|work=thecable.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-09-17|title=Tinubu Nominates Jamila Ibrahim As Youth Minister, Ayodele Olawande As Deputy|url=https://www.arise.tv/tinubu-nominates-jamila-ibrahim-as-youth-minister-ayodele-olawande-as-deputy/|accessdate=2023-12-30|work=Arise News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwanye ugwu na ihe nrite ==

* Clean Nigeria Ambassador award maka ntinye aka na mmiri, ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha.
* Nkwenye dị ka onye nnọchi anya udo nke UN site na International Association of World Peace Advocates.
* Ihe nrite nkwanye ugwu puru iche maka ntinye aka na Education na SDGs, nke UNESCO Nigeria kwadoro.
* Nnọchite anya Naijiria na Kwara State dị ka ọkà okwu na nyiwe mba ụwa dị ka United Nations na African Union (AU). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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'''Radwa Sherif''' (amụrụ ya n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Febụwarị nke afo 1998 na obodo Cairo) bụ onye Egypt na-atu bọọlụ nke na-agba maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị mba Egypt nakwa Sporting Club di na Egypt. Ọ dị 6 feet 1 inch n'ogologo (184cm). Ọ na-egwuri egwu maka Al Gezira, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eurobasket|title=Al Gezira Cairo basketball, News, Roster, Rumors, Stats, Awards, Transactions, Details-afrobasket|url=https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=Eurobasket LLC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cairo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FIBA.basketball|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2023/qualifiers/player/Radwa-Salem-Ahmed-Sherif|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eurobasket|title=Radwa Sherif, Basketball Player, News, Stats - Eurobasket|url=https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=Eurobasket LLC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Radwa Sherif bụ nwa afọ nke 6th of October City,  Giza Governorate, nke di na mba Egypt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Radwa Salem Ahmed Sherif|url=https://play.fiba3x3.com/players/4e578d3b-5028-4e1b-8eef-261e82efcf33|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=play.fiba3x3.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị dị mkpa n'ọrụ ya ==

=== National Team Senior.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Radwa Sherif (Sherif R.) - Player Profile - Flashscore.com.ng|url=https://www.flashscore.com.ng/player/sherif-radwa/zeQNUAJ5/|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=www.flashscore.com.ng|language=en-NG}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Radwa Sherif - Basketball player profile &amp; career statistics - Global Sports Archive|url=https://ar.globalsportsarchive.com/people/basketball/radwa-sherif/555452/|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=ar.globalsportsarchive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ===

* Na oge afo 2023 FIBA Women's AfroBasket, ọ gbara egwuregwu ato, na-enweta akara 2.7, 5.3 rebounds, 0.3 assists, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke ise. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Radwa Sherif (Sherif R.) - Player Profile - Basketball24.com|url=https://www.basketball24.com/player/sherif-radwa/zeQNUAJ5/|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=www.basketball24.com|language=en|archivedate=2024-03-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329213906/https://www.basketball24.com/player/sherif-radwa/zeQNUAJ5/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'oge asọmpi AfroBasket nke ụmụ nwanyị nke FIBA nke oge afọ 2023, ọ sonyere n'egwuregwu ise, na-enweta akara 8.6, 3.6 rebounds, 0.4 assists, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke 8.2.
* Na oge afo 2021 FIBA Women's Afrobasket - Qualifiers - Zone 5, ọ gbara egwuregwu ano, na-enweta nkezi  points abuo, 2.5 rebounds, 0.3 assists, na arụmọrụ nke 1.8.
* Na oge afo 2017 FIBA Women's Afrobasket, ọ gbara egwuregwu iri na abụọ, na-enweta akara 3.9, 2.8 rebounds, 0.3 assists, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke ano.
* N'ozuzu, ngụkọta nke ọ na-enweta maka ọkwa ndị isi otu mba bụ akara 4.3, 3.6 rebounds, 0.3 assists, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke 4.8.

=== Ndị Ntorobịa Mba &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; ===

* Na 2017 FIBA U19 Women's Basketball World Cup, ọ gbara egwuregwu asaa, na-enweta nkezi 9.9, 8.4 rebounds, 0.7 assists, na arụmọrụ nke 9.3 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Radwa Sherif on Hudl|url=https://www.hudl.com/profile/15876567|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=Hudl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-07-28|title=Egypt faces Mexico in U19 Basketball World Cup|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/8/14315/Egypt-faces-Mexico-in-U19-Basketball-World-Cup|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=EgyptToday}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'oge Afrobasket U18 Women nke afọ 2016, ọ gbara egwuregwu isii, na-enweta akara iri, 8.5 rebounds, 1.3 assists, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke 12.8. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Radwa Sherif profile, Afrobasket U18 Women 2016|url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/110142/sid/12640/tid/276/_/2016_Afrobasket_U18_Women_/index.html|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=FIBA.COM}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Na 2015 FIBA U19 Women's World Championship, ọ gbara egwuregwu abụọ, na-eme nkezi otu akara, 1.5 rebounds, 0 nyere aka, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke -1.5.
* Na 2014 FIBA U17 World Championship for Women, ọ gbara egwuregwu anọ, na-enweta nkezi 0 points, 0 rebounds, 0 assists, na arụmọrụ nke -0.5.
* N'oge 2013 FIBA Africa U16 Championship for Women, ọ turu egwuregwu isii, na-enweta nkezi 7.3, 5.5 rebounds, 0.8 assists, na arụmọrụ nke 11.2.
* N'ozuzu, ngụkọta nke ndị ntorobịa ya maka ọkwa ndị otu mba bụ 6.4, 5.4 rebounds, 0.7 assists, na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke 7.3.

== Edensibia ==

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'''Jana Sallman''' (amụrụ ya n’ubochi isii na-onwa Jenụwarị nke afo 2006) bụ onye mba Egypt na-atu bọọlụ . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman - 2023-24 - Women's Basketball|url=https://gotigersgo.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/Jana-Sallman/11193|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=University of Memphis Athletics|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-egwuri egwu ugbu a maka otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị Memphis Tigers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana SALLMAN at the FIBA U16 Women’s African Championship 2021|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/africa/u16women/2021/player/Jana-Sallman|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman - Memphis Tigers Forward|url=https://www.espn.com/womens-college-basketball/player/_/id/5174742/jana-sallman|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=ESPN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman Shooting Stats - NCAA Women's College Basketball Shooting|url=https://www.foxsports.com/womens-college-basketball/jana-sallman-player-stats?category=shooting&amp;seasonType=reg|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=FOX Sports|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ dị 6 feet 3 inches (190cm).   &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eurobasket|title=Jana Sallman, Basketball Player, News, Stats - Eurobasket|url=https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=Eurobasket LLC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Proballers|title=Jana Sallman, Basketball Player|url=https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/254224/jana-sallman|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=Proballers|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman (Sallman J.) - Player Profile - Basketball24.com|url=https://www.basketball24.com/player/sallman-jana/KvpKjBVA/|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=www.basketball24.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwa afọ Cairo, na mba Egypt. Jana Sallman na-egwuri egwu dịka onye na-aga n'ihu.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman (Sallman J.) - Player Profile - Flashscore.com.ng|url=https://www.flashscore.com.ng/player/sallman-jana/KvpKjBVA/|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=www.flashscore.com.ng|language=en-NG}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Tupu ọ banye Memphis, Sallman nọchitere anya ndị otu mba Ijipt na FIBA U16 na U18 Women's African Championships na afo 2021 na 2023, n'otu n'otu, na-enweta nkezi nke ihe karịrị 10.0 kwa egwuregwu n'oge abụọ ahụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, o sonyere na FIBA U17 na U19 World Cup na’ oge afo 2022 na 2023 na Egyptian National Team ma nweta ọrụ kachasị mma nke 11.1 na 6.9 kwa egwuregwu obula, n'otu n'otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Proballers|title=Jana Sallman, Basketball Player|url=https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/254224/jana-sallman|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=Proballers|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFProballers&quot;&gt;Proballers. [https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/254224/jana-sallman &quot;Jana Sallman, Basketball Player&quot;]. ''Proballers''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2024-04-15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Sallman gara Western Reserve Academy, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eurobasket|title=Jana Sallman, Basketball Player, News, Stats - Eurobasket|url=https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=Eurobasket LLC}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEurobasket&quot;&gt;Eurobasket. [https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx &quot;Jana Sallman, Basketball Player, News, Stats - Eurobasket&quot;]. ''Eurobasket LLC''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2024-04-15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ebe ọ na-enweta akara 11.1 n'egwuregwu ọ bụla, 2.8 blocks, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-enweta nkezi okpukpu abụọ na ihe na-erughị rebounds iri kwa asọmpi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

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'''Jana Sallman''' (amụrụ ya n’ubochi isii na-onwa Jenụwarị nke afo 2006) bụ onye mba Egypt na-atu bọọlụ . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman - 2023-24 - Women's Basketball|url=https://gotigersgo.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/Jana-Sallman/11193|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=University of Memphis Athletics|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-egwuri egwu ugbu a maka otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị Memphis Tigers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana SALLMAN at the FIBA U16 Women’s African Championship 2021|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/africa/u16women/2021/player/Jana-Sallman|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman - Memphis Tigers Forward|url=https://www.espn.com/womens-college-basketball/player/_/id/5174742/jana-sallman|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=ESPN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman Shooting Stats - NCAA Women's College Basketball Shooting|url=https://www.foxsports.com/womens-college-basketball/jana-sallman-player-stats?category=shooting&amp;seasonType=reg|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=FOX Sports|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ dị 6 feet 3 inches (190cm).   &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eurobasket|title=Jana Sallman, Basketball Player, News, Stats - Eurobasket|url=https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=Eurobasket LLC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Proballers|title=Jana Sallman, Basketball Player|url=https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/254224/jana-sallman|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=Proballers|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman (Sallman J.) - Player Profile - Basketball24.com|url=https://www.basketball24.com/player/sallman-jana/KvpKjBVA/|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=www.basketball24.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwa afọ Cairo, na mba Egypt. Jana Sallman na-egwuri egwu dịka onye na-aga n'ihu.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman (Sallman J.) - Player Profile - Flashscore.com.ng|url=https://www.flashscore.com.ng/player/sallman-jana/KvpKjBVA/|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=www.flashscore.com.ng|language=en-NG}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Tupu ọ banye Memphis, Sallman nọchitere anya ndị otu mba Ijipt na FIBA U16 na U18 Women's African Championships na afo 2021 na 2023, n'otu n'otu, na-enweta nkezi nke ihe karịrị 10.0 kwa egwuregwu n'oge abụọ ahụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, o sonyere na FIBA U17 na U19 World Cup na’ oge afo 2022 na 2023 na Egyptian National Team ma nweta ọrụ kachasị mma nke 11.1 na 6.9 kwa egwuregwu obula, n'otu n'otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Proballers|title=Jana Sallman, Basketball Player|url=https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/254224/jana-sallman|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=Proballers|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFProballers&quot;&gt;Proballers. [https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/254224/jana-sallman &quot;Jana Sallman, Basketball Player&quot;]. ''Proballers''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2024-04-15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Sallman gara Western Reserve Academy,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;  ebe ọ na-enweta akara 11.1 n'egwuregwu ọ bụla, 2.8 blocks, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-enweta nkezi okpukpu abụọ na ihe na-erughị rebounds iri kwa asọmpi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

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'''Jana Sallman''' (amụrụ ya n’ubochi isii na-onwa Jenụwarị nke afo 2006) bụ onye mba Egypt na-atu bọọlụ . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman - 2023-24 - Women's Basketball|url=https://gotigersgo.com/sports/womens-basketball/roster/Jana-Sallman/11193|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=University of Memphis Athletics|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-egwuri egwu ugbu a maka otu egwuregwu basketball ụmụ nwanyị Memphis Tigers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana SALLMAN at the FIBA U16 Women’s African Championship 2021|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/africa/u16women/2021/player/Jana-Sallman|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=FIBA.basketball|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman - Memphis Tigers Forward|url=https://www.espn.com/womens-college-basketball/player/_/id/5174742/jana-sallman|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=ESPN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman Shooting Stats - NCAA Women's College Basketball Shooting|url=https://www.foxsports.com/womens-college-basketball/jana-sallman-player-stats?category=shooting&amp;seasonType=reg|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=FOX Sports|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ dị 6 feet 3 inches (190cm).   &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eurobasket|title=Jana Sallman, Basketball Player, News, Stats - Eurobasket|url=https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=Eurobasket LLC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Proballers|title=Jana Sallman, Basketball Player|url=https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/254224/jana-sallman|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=Proballers|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman (Sallman J.) - Player Profile - Basketball24.com|url=https://www.basketball24.com/player/sallman-jana/KvpKjBVA/|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=www.basketball24.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwa afọ Cairo, na mba Egypt. Jana Sallman na-egwuri egwu dịka onye na-aga n'ihu.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Sallman (Sallman J.) - Player Profile - Flashscore.com.ng|url=https://www.flashscore.com.ng/player/sallman-jana/KvpKjBVA/|accessdate=2024-04-15|work=www.flashscore.com.ng|language=en-NG}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==
Tupu ọ banye Memphis, Sallman nọchitere anya ndị otu mba Ijipt na FIBA U16 na U18 Women's African Championships na afo 2021 na 2023, n'otu n'otu, na-enweta nkezi nke ihe karịrị 10.0 kwa egwuregwu n'oge abụọ ahụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, o sonyere na FIBA U17 na U19 World Cup na’ oge afo 2022 na 2023 na Egyptian National Team ma nweta ọrụ kachasị mma nke 11.1 na 6.9 kwa egwuregwu obula, n'otu n'otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Sallman gara Western Reserve Academy,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;  ebe ọ na-enweta akara 11.1 n'egwuregwu ọ bụla, 2.8 blocks, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-enweta nkezi okpukpu abụọ na ihe na-erughị rebounds iri kwa asọmpi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibia ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>James E. Reveley</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-03T13:48:46Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="8589" sha1="4gg5zukac7d1woksoazu246cntlsz7h" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Langford|first=Mark|date=June 5, 1983|title=Funeral home franchises cut burial costs by 60 percent|work=United Press International|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/06/05/Funeral-home-franchises-cut-burial-costs-by-60-percent/9977423633600/|accessdate=January 21, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Molotsky|first=Irvin|date=April 30, 1984|title=All funeral costs must be itemized|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/30/us/all-funeral-costs-must-be-itemized.html|accessdate=January 21, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;James E. Reveley (January 2, 1944 - Jenuarrị 18, 2023) bụ onye America mortician, akwọ ezé na onye na-azụ ahịa maka nhazi nke ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu America.  N'ime afọ ndị 1970, o nyere aka ọkụnye ndị omebe iwu Texas ka ha me ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka olili ozu, ihe iwu ochie nke egwú ịgbanye ozu, ma iwu na-emebi ala iji chebe ndị na-azụ ọrụ na  -eru uju site na omume irigbu.  [1] N'ịgbaso ihe ịga nke ọma ya na Texas, Reveley gara n'ihu n'ọgụ ya na ọkwa mba na-enyere Federal Trade Commission's Funeral Rule merie mmegide ụlọ ọrụ wee lanarị veto congressional, na- agbanwe ka ụlọ ọrụ olili.  ozu si arụ ọrụ na mba niile

== Afọ mbụ na ọrụ ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gross|first=Laurence H.|date=October 4, 1981|title=Dentist-mortician angers undertakers; Provides funerals at reduced rates; Advocate of price disclosure says industry should be consumer oriented|work=United Press International|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/10/04/Dentist-mortician-angers-undertakersNEWLNProvides-funerals-at-reduced-ratesNEWLNAdvocate-of-price-disclosure-says-industry-should-be-consumer-oriented/6362371016000/|accessdate=January 21, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;Amụrụ ma kụkọ Reveley na San Antonio, Texas wee gụchaa na 1962 na Highlands High School n'àgwà ndị mụrụ ọmụmụ nke obodo ahụ.  [1] [2] Mgbe ọ dị afọ 16, ọ hụrụ ọrụ n'ọrụ olili ozu, na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ ya site n'ịchịkọta ozu nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya wee bụrụ onye na  -ahụ maka ọkụ ọkụ na onye nduzi olili ozu.

N'ikpeazụ, Reveley nwere nkụda na mmesi ike na-ere ndị eji eji na-eru újú wee ọrụ ya dị ka onye akwụkwọ olili ozu iji debanye aha na ụlọ akwụkwọ eze, na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị.  ka onye na-agba agba iji ozizi ya.  [1] Mgbe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ọ akụkọ na-eme dentistry na San Antonio.

Na 1978, Reveley laghachiri na ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu, mepee Reveley Memorial Services na San Antonio ebe ọ malitere inye ndị obodo ya olili ozu dị ọnụ ala. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Loe|first=Victoria|date=May 1981|title=Extreme Unctuousness|work=Texas Monthly|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/extreme-unctuousness/|accessdate=January 21, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara gbasaa ije ozi n'ahịa Austin, wee tolite azụmahịa ya site n'ime ka ndị ahịa kwenye na ha achọghị ọmarịcha olili ozu dị oke ọnụ iji gosi nkwanye ùgwù maka ndị ezinụlọ ha nwụrụ anwụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Langford|first=Mark|date=June 5, 1983|title=Funeral home franchises cut burial costs by 60 percent|work=United Press International|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/06/05/Funeral-home-franchises-cut-burial-costs-by-60-percent/9977423633600/|accessdate=January 21, 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLangford1983&quot;&gt;Langford, Mark (June 5, 1983). [https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/06/05/Funeral-home-franchises-cut-burial-costs-by-60-percent/9977423633600/ &quot;Funeral home franchises cut burial costs by 60 percent&quot;]. ''United Press International''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 21,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Reveley nyere olili $365 n'ime igbe pine, mgbe nkezi ọnụ ahịa olili ozu na America bụ $1,400, na-eji refrigeration iji zere ime ihe na-adịghị mma nke steeti ahụ chọrọ.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Knight|first=Jerry|date=February 14, 1980|title=Hill Panel Told of Funeral 'Exploiting'|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/02/14/hill-panel-told-of-funeral-exploiting/0cea0863-3d72-4a35-ade1-57735fbcc3d5/|accessdate=January 21, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado ==
A mmasị Reveley onye Nkwado maka ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu mgbe ọ gụchara Jessica Mitford's The American Way of Death .  Na mgbakwunye na ịnyị ndị na-azụ anya nhọrọ olili ozu dị ọnụ ala na Reveley Memorial Services, ọ ihikwara mgbochi iwu iwu na iwu iwu na Texas n'ụdị Senator Lloyd Doggett nke Austin.

N'afọ 1979, ndị ụlọ ọrụ steeti Morticians na-arụ ọrụ bịara maka nyocha ọdịda anyanwụ nke Texas State Legislature.  N'otu oge ahụ, Ngalaba Ahụike Texas na-atụle ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ ya chọrọ ịgbanye ozu maka ndị niile nwụrụ anwụ na steeti ahụ, omume na-akpata ego, mana enweghị isi. Mgbe agha esemokwu dị n'etiti Texas Funeral Directors Association na njikọ aka nke ndị ahịa ikike nke Doggett na Reveley duziri, e mebiri nkwekọrịta nke chebere ịdị adị nke Board of Morticians, mana gbakwunyere oche maka ndị na-abụghị ndị nwụrụ anwụ, na-abawanye nchebe ndị ahịa na olili ozu ahụ. ụlọ ọrụ, ma machibidoro ụlọ ọrụ steeti ọ bụla ka ọ chọọ ịgba ozu na-anọghị n'ihe egwu dị na ahụike ọha. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Karịsịa, Reveley gbara aka n'ụzọ zuru ebe niile nke mgbake ozu dị oke ọnụ mgbe enwere ụzọ ọzọ dị ọnụ ala karịa, refrigeration.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-10-31|title=Funeral Rule|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/topics/truth-advertising/funeral-rule|accessdate=2023-10-22|work=Federal Trade Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-esiwanye ike na mba niile iji chịkwaa ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu, Federal Trade Commission tụpụtara mbie etiti maka ụlọ olili ozu.  [1] Reveley gbara na February 13, 1980 n'ihu kọmitii na-ahụ maka nkọwa na nyọnyo nke kọmitii Houselọ United States na Interstate na Azụmahịa Ofesi ebe ọ ike ya na ụlọ ọrụ ozu bụ “ụzọ iji ikike ikike nke ndị ọzọ  mmadụ nwụnahụrụ.”  [2] Na 1981, Reveley dị na Phil Donahue Show ebe ya na onye isi oche nke National Funeral Director's Association na onye ọrụ FTC na-arụrịta ụka na ọrụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu.  [3] Na Julaị 20, 1982, Reveley gbara ndị ọzọ gbasara omume mmanye na omume anụrị na ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu, oge a n'ihu Kọmiti na-ahụ maka Housing na Consumer Interests of the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Aging .  [4] N'ikpeazụ, na 1984, Federal Trade Commission akwụkwọ Iwu olili ozu, nke e mere iji chebe ndị na-azụ ahihia site n'ịchọ ka ndị na-ahụ maka olili ozu na ndị na-eri anụ na-enye ozi  zuru oke nkọwa na ọrụ ha na-enye, na-egosi ndepụta ndepụta aha akara tupu ha emechaa akara, ma kwe ka ndị na-azụ họrọ nke.  ihe na ọrụ olili ozu ha anti.

Na nzaghachi na mmemme ya, Reveley nwetara egwu ọnwụ ma dọta iwe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dum.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;Ndị otu Texas Funeral Directors Association na ndị otu ya na-etinye nrụgide na akwụkwọ akụkọ Texas ka ha nọgide na-ebipụta akụkọ gbasara ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Knight|first=Jerry|date=February 14, 1980|title=Hill Panel Told of Funeral 'Exploiting'|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/02/14/hill-panel-told-of-funeral-exploiting/0cea0863-3d72-4a35-ade1-57735fbcc3d5/|accessdate=January 21, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akparị ya mgbe niile na akwụkwọ azụmahịa olili ozu, ma ndị juri nyere ya $120,000 maka nkwutọ aha mgbe Reveley gbasịrị onye bipụtara Mortuary Management Magazine akwụkwọ mgbe ha bipụtasịrị otu akụkọ ahụ nke na-akatọ ya nke ukwuu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reveley v. Berg Publications, Inc., 601 F. Supp. 44 (W.D. Tex. 1984)|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/601/44/1734329/|accessdate=2023-10-23|work=Justia Law|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ọ meriri ebubo nkwutọ ya megide onye bipụtara ya, ọkàikpe gọọmenti etiti wepụrụ mmebi nkwutọ ndị juri nyere na mkpesa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Aha]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>671981</id>
      <parentid>671979</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T13:50:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ceentia</username>
        <id>24734</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>671981</origin>
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      <text bytes="7876" sha1="0qvt53lwbui4rg1zrl5mnzd23n76fcw" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Langford|first=Mark|date=June 5, 1983|title=Funeral home franchises cut burial costs by 60 percent|work=United Press International|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/06/05/Funeral-home-franchises-cut-burial-costs-by-60-percent/9977423633600/|accessdate=January 21, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Molotsky|first=Irvin|date=April 30, 1984|title=All funeral costs must be itemized|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/30/us/all-funeral-costs-must-be-itemized.html|accessdate=January 21, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;James E. Reveley (January 2, 1944 - Jenuarrị 18, 2023) bụ onye America mortician, akwọ ezé na onye na-azụ ahịa maka nhazi nke ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu America.  N'ime afọ ndị 1970, o nyere aka ọkụnye ndị omebe iwu Texas ka ha me ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka olili ozu, ihe iwu ochie nke egwú ịgbanye ozu, ma iwu na-emebi ala iji chebe ndị na-azụ ọrụ na  -eru uju site na omume irigbu.  [1] N'ịgbaso ihe ịga nke ọma ya na Texas, Reveley gara n'ihu n'ọgụ ya na ọkwa mba na-enyere Federal Trade Commission's Funeral Rule merie mmegide ụlọ ọrụ wee lanarị veto congressional, na- agbanwe ka ụlọ ọrụ olili.  ozu si arụ ọrụ na mba niile

== Afọ mbụ na ọrụ ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gross|first=Laurence H.|date=October 4, 1981|title=Dentist-mortician angers undertakers; Provides funerals at reduced rates; Advocate of price disclosure says industry should be consumer oriented|work=United Press International|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/10/04/Dentist-mortician-angers-undertakersNEWLNProvides-funerals-at-reduced-ratesNEWLNAdvocate-of-price-disclosure-says-industry-should-be-consumer-oriented/6362371016000/|accessdate=January 21, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;Amụrụ ma kụkọ Reveley na San Antonio, Texas wee gụchaa na 1962 na Highlands High School n'àgwà ndị mụrụ ọmụmụ nke obodo ahụ.  [1] [2] Mgbe ọ dị afọ 16, ọ hụrụ ọrụ n'ọrụ olili ozu, na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ ya site n'ịchịkọta ozu nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya wee bụrụ onye na  -ahụ maka ọkụ ọkụ na onye nduzi olili ozu.

N'ikpeazụ, Reveley nwere nkụda na mmesi ike na-ere ndị eji eji na-eru újú wee ọrụ ya dị ka onye akwụkwọ olili ozu iji debanye aha na ụlọ akwụkwọ eze, na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị.  ka onye na-agba agba iji ozizi ya.  [1] Mgbe akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ọ akụkọ na-eme dentistry na San Antonio.

Na 1978, Reveley laghachiri na ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu, mepee Reveley Memorial Services na San Antonio ebe ọ malitere inye ndị obodo ya olili ozu dị ọnụ ala. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Loe|first=Victoria|date=May 1981|title=Extreme Unctuousness|work=Texas Monthly|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/extreme-unctuousness/|accessdate=January 21, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara gbasaa ije ozi n'ahịa Austin, wee tolite azụmahịa ya site n'ime ka ndị ahịa kwenye na ha achọghị ọmarịcha olili ozu dị oke ọnụ iji gosi nkwanye ùgwù maka ndị ezinụlọ ha nwụrụ anwụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Reveley nyere olili $365 n'ime igbe pine, mgbe nkezi ọnụ ahịa olili ozu na America bụ $1,400, na-eji refrigeration iji zere ime ihe na-adịghị mma nke steeti ahụ chọrọ.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Knight|first=Jerry|date=February 14, 1980|title=Hill Panel Told of Funeral 'Exploiting'|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/02/14/hill-panel-told-of-funeral-exploiting/0cea0863-3d72-4a35-ade1-57735fbcc3d5/|accessdate=January 21, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado ==
A mmasị Reveley onye Nkwado maka ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu mgbe ọ gụchara Jessica Mitford's The American Way of Death .  Na mgbakwunye na ịnyị ndị na-azụ anya nhọrọ olili ozu dị ọnụ ala na Reveley Memorial Services, ọ ihikwara mgbochi iwu iwu na iwu iwu na Texas n'ụdị Senator Lloyd Doggett nke Austin.

N'afọ 1979, ndị ụlọ ọrụ steeti Morticians na-arụ ọrụ bịara maka nyocha ọdịda anyanwụ nke Texas State Legislature.  N'otu oge ahụ, Ngalaba Ahụike Texas na-atụle ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ ya chọrọ ịgbanye ozu maka ndị niile nwụrụ anwụ na steeti ahụ, omume na-akpata ego, mana enweghị isi. Mgbe agha esemokwu dị n'etiti Texas Funeral Directors Association na njikọ aka nke ndị ahịa ikike nke Doggett na Reveley duziri, e mebiri nkwekọrịta nke chebere ịdị adị nke Board of Morticians, mana gbakwunyere oche maka ndị na-abụghị ndị nwụrụ anwụ, na-abawanye nchebe ndị ahịa na olili ozu ahụ. ụlọ ọrụ, ma machibidoro ụlọ ọrụ steeti ọ bụla ka ọ chọọ ịgba ozu na-anọghị n'ihe egwu dị na ahụike ọha. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Karịsịa, Reveley gbara aka n'ụzọ zuru ebe niile nke mgbake ozu dị oke ọnụ mgbe enwere ụzọ ọzọ dị ọnụ ala karịa, refrigeration.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-10-31|title=Funeral Rule|url=https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/topics/truth-advertising/funeral-rule|accessdate=2023-10-22|work=Federal Trade Commission|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ na-esiwanye ike na mba niile iji chịkwaa ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu, Federal Trade Commission tụpụtara mbie etiti maka ụlọ olili ozu.  [1] Reveley gbara na February 13, 1980 n'ihu kọmitii na-ahụ maka nkọwa na nyọnyo nke kọmitii Houselọ United States na Interstate na Azụmahịa Ofesi ebe ọ ike ya na ụlọ ọrụ ozu bụ “ụzọ iji ikike ikike nke ndị ọzọ  mmadụ nwụnahụrụ.”  [2] Na 1981, Reveley dị na Phil Donahue Show ebe ya na onye isi oche nke National Funeral Director's Association na onye ọrụ FTC na-arụrịta ụka na ọrụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu.  [3] Na Julaị 20, 1982, Reveley gbara ndị ọzọ gbasara omume mmanye na omume anụrị na ụlọ ọrụ olili ozu, oge a n'ihu Kọmiti na-ahụ maka Housing na Consumer Interests of the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Aging .  [4] N'ikpeazụ, na 1984, Federal Trade Commission akwụkwọ Iwu olili ozu, nke e mere iji chebe ndị na-azụ ahihia site n'ịchọ ka ndị na-ahụ maka olili ozu na ndị na-eri anụ na-enye ozi  zuru oke nkọwa na ọrụ ha na-enye, na-egosi ndepụta ndepụta aha akara tupu ha emechaa akara, ma kwe ka ndị na-azụ họrọ nke.  ihe na ọrụ olili ozu ha anti.

Na nzaghachi na mmemme ya, Reveley nwetara egwu ọnwụ ma dọta iwe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dum.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;Ndị otu Texas Funeral Directors Association na ndị otu ya na-etinye nrụgide na akwụkwọ akụkọ Texas ka ha nọgide na-ebipụta akụkọ gbasara ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Knight|first=Jerry|date=February 14, 1980|title=Hill Panel Told of Funeral 'Exploiting'|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/02/14/hill-panel-told-of-funeral-exploiting/0cea0863-3d72-4a35-ade1-57735fbcc3d5/|accessdate=January 21, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akparị ya mgbe niile na akwụkwọ azụmahịa olili ozu, ma ndị juri nyere ya $120,000 maka nkwutọ aha mgbe Reveley gbasịrị onye bipụtara Mortuary Management Magazine akwụkwọ mgbe ha bipụtasịrị otu akụkọ ahụ nke na-akatọ ya nke ukwuu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reveley v. Berg Publications, Inc., 601 F. Supp. 44 (W.D. Tex. 1984)|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/601/44/1734329/|accessdate=2023-10-23|work=Justia Law|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ọ meriri ebubo nkwutọ ya megide onye bipụtara ya, ọkàikpe gọọmenti etiti wepụrụ mmebi nkwutọ ndị juri nyere na mkpesa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Aha]]</text>
      <sha1>0qvt53lwbui4rg1zrl5mnzd23n76fcw</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Santa Lucia del Gonfalone</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="4141" sha1="efxfem1bou69flzxvshe20azf24omr3" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Regola - s Lucia del Gonfalone 1010705.JPG|thumb]]
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Santa Lucia del Gonfalone bụ ụka dị na Rome, Italy.  Ọ dị na Via dei Banchi Vecchi naanị ihe dịpụrụ adịpụ site na Corso Vittorio Emanuele.  mbụ ebe nke Archconfraternity nke Gonfalone, mộo ozi ala aại Claretian ại isi Đạm tại khồa ha ebe a.  Pope John Paul nke Ọi mere ọ ka ọ Ố dikọnị kadịnal on 21 Ọktoba 2003

== Nrụpụta ihe owuwu ==
Ụka mbụ ahụ malitere na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 13 ma ọ bụ mmalite nke narị afọ nke 14 n'okpuru aha Santa Lucia ai Banchi Vecchi. E mechara mara ya dị ka Santa Lucia Nuovo iji mata ọdịiche dị na ya na Santa Lucia Vecchia, nke dị nso na Tiber. Archconfraternity mere mweghachi nke ụka na 1511. &lt;ref&gt;[https://religiana.com/chiesa-di-santa-lucia-del-gonfalone-rome &quot;Chiesa di Santa Lucia del Gonfalone&quot;, Religiana]&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ Marco David kwaturu ma wughachi ụlọ ụka ochie na 1764. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.turismoroma.it/en/places/chiesa-santa-lucia-del-gonfalone |title=&quot;Church of Santa Lucia del Gonfalone&quot;, Turismo Roma, Major Events, Sport, Tourism and Fashion Department |accessdate=2024-04-08 |archivedate=2024-04-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408045718/https://www.turismoroma.it/en/places/chiesa-santa-lucia-del-gonfalone }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Roma,_oratorio_di_santa_lucia_del_gonfalone,_interno_01.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|240x240px| Ime ụlọ.]]
&lt;ref&gt;[http://santaluciagonfalone.it/arti-e-notizie-storiche/ Santos, Ricardo De Mambro. &quot;Arti e Notizie Storiche&quot;, Chiesa Santa Lucia Del Gonfalone]&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1866, Francesco Azzurri kwadebere oghere iji gbasaa ụlọ ahụ.  Cesare Mariani nwere frescoes atọ: Ọhụụ nke St Bonaventure, Pope Sixtus V na ọhụụ Barbary, na ọhụụ nke Giovanni Cerrone, otu n'ime Rome.  The work of Mariani na ṭṭṭa isii dại n'ại n-egosi ngụ nke ồ a na-emegbu emegbu na tọọ ebere Ṅo Ṅo, ebe Archconfraternity lesyaa anya n'ọ ya.  Sacristy nwere ọrụ Ermenegildo Costantini

== Archconfraternity nke Gonfalone ==


Archconfraternity nke Gonfalone bụ otu onye nche nche ọọọ (n'ihi agba nke uwe bān ha) bụ mị isi Ṅaai Ṅaa.  E hiwere otu a na 1264 na Rome.  St.  Bonaventure, n'oge seu , onye anganasi-General nke Ửm Dị ọsọ Hồm, nyere iwu iwu, na ɔtɔɔ.  [1] A bịara aha Gonfalone Confraternity n'ihi vagara a na-ebu n'usoro.

&lt;ref&gt;[https://turismoroma.it/en/places/oratorio-del-gonfalone &quot;Oratorio del Gonfalone&quot;, Turismo Roma, Major Events, Sport, Tourism and Fashion Department]&lt;/ref&gt;Ewubere the link with Ụka St.  Mary Major nke Pope Clement IV na 1265 n'okpuru aha La Confraternita dei &quot;Raccomandati della Madonna S. Maria&quot;.  Pope Clement IV kwadoro ụlọ ahụ, o nwere &quot;Nkọwa&quot; nke 1267

Na 1486, nkwekọrịta adịghị na S. Lucia Vecchia, na Regola, nke dịkwa na Tiber n'okpuru iju mmiri ahụ.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị pontiff.  Na 1526, Pope Clement VII nyere confraternity Golden Rose.  Na 1550 Pope Julius nke Atọ nyere lekema sạnọa onye a mara ikpe kwa afọ.

Na 1579, Confraternity weghaara ọtụtụ nkwekọrịta ndị ọzọ na Santa Maria na Aracoeli, dịka &quot;Raccomandati&quot; nke ụka na ụlọ ọgwụ Santi Quaranta Martiri, na Trastevere, na &quot;Disciplinati&quot; nke Ụka na Ụlọ Ọgwụ.  nke Maddalena al Pantheon.  Pope Gregory XIII họpụtara archconfraternity, nke kpọkọtara ndị ọzọ.  [1] Ka ọ na-erule oge ọu Confraternity ក្រ ike inye onya maka nồn khồmọi 100 na-កាកា di.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.romasegreta.it/ponte/via-del-gonfalone.html &quot;Via del Gonfalone&quot;, Roma Segreta]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndepụta nke ndị nchekwa Kadịnal ==
Pope John Paul nke Abụọ mere ụka ka ọ bụrụ dikọnrị kadinala na 21 Ọktoba 2003.

* Francesco Marchisano (2003 – 2014)
* Aquilino Bocos Merino (2018 -)

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240408051222/http://santaluciagonfalone.it/ Weebụsaịtị ụka]
[[Òtù:Aha]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>James Flawn</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>671986</id>
      <parentid>161349</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T14:14:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ceentia</username>
        <id>24734</id>
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      <text bytes="4141" sha1="21osckfj2oda7r5j257d0uo4oglyodi" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref name=&quot;Bennett 2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=David Malcolm Bennett|title=The General: William Booth|date=December 2003|publisher=Xulon Press|isbn=978-1-59467-206-4|pages=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;James Flawn (1837–1917) bụ onye nrụzigharị bekee na onye na-ama ụlọ ntu onye aka na Salvation Army site na 1865 ruo ọnwụ ya.

&lt;ref name=&quot;C. J. S. Flawn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=Huguenot Families|issue=12|title=The Raby and Flawn Families|author=C. J. S. Flawn}}&lt;/ref&gt;A kamara Flawn na 1937, ọkpara na-adị ndụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata, nke ndị na-akpa ihe Huguenot James Daniel Flawn na Harriet Wilson.

&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Harold Hill|title=Saved to Save and Saved to Serve: Perspectives on Salvation Army History|date=24 July 2017|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=978-1-5326-0167-5|pages=26–}}&lt;/ref&gt;Flawn bụ nwa mgbei na obere ogbenye mgbe ọ dị obere, ma were mkpali inyere ndị agụụ na-agụ aka site na nwata.  Ọ bụ onye otu Huguenot &quot; Christian Community &quot;.

Flawn bụ onye ọrụ na Tent Mission tupu William Booth eweghara &lt;ref name=&quot;Bennett 2003&quot; /&gt;

Ọ isi na Booth mgbe ọ isi onye ndu nke East London Special Services Commission .  N'Eprel 1870 Flawn mgbasa onye njikwa nke kichin ofe nke etinyere na ndị nke ndị Ozi . &lt;ref name=&quot;Merritt Satterlee&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=John G. Merritt and Allen Satterlee|title=Historical Dictionary of The Salvation Army|date=6 October 2017|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-5381-0213-8|pages=175}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Flawn nwere ụlọ oriri na mmanya na Pudding Lane ebe William na Catherine Booth na-eri nri mgbe nile, ruo mgbe ha si Hammersmith kwaga Hackney . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bennett 2003&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Merritt Satterlee&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=John G. Merritt and Allen Satterlee|title=Historical Dictionary of The Salvation Army|date=6 October 2017|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-5381-0213-8|pages=175}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJohn_G._Merritt_and_Allen_Satterlee2017&quot;&gt;John G. Merritt and Allen Satterlee (6 October 2017). ''Historical Dictionary of The Salvation Army''. Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers. p.&amp;nbsp;175. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-1-5381-0213-8|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-5381-0213-8&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;victorianweb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.victorianweb.org/religion/sa1.html|work=victorianweb.org|title=The Origin and Early Development of the Salvation Army in Victorian England|accessdate=22 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na 1871 Flawn, ya na Bramwell Booth dị afọ iri na ise bụ onye debere akwụkwọ ndị ahụ, na-elekọta ụzọ ise East London nke ozi ahụ, nke a mara dị ka ụlọ Food-for-the-Million

&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Harold Hill|title=Saved to Save and Saved to Serve: Perspectives on Salvation Army History|date=24 July 2017|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=978-1-5326-0167-5|pages=26–}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHarold_Hill2017&quot;&gt;Harold Hill (24 July 2017). ''Saved to Save and Saved to Serve: Perspectives on Salvation Army History''. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp.&amp;nbsp;26–. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-1-5326-0167-5|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-5326-0167-5&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;Flawn butere isi nri maka ndị ọrụ International Training College for Salvation Army na Congress Hall na Lower Clapton, [1] [2] mara dị ka &quot;Commissary Flawn&quot;

Akpọrọ Flawn na ''William Booth: Ofe, Ncha, na Nzọpụta'', akụkọ ndụ Booth nwere egwu egwu, &lt;ref name=&quot;Benge&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=William Booth: Soup, Soap, and Salvation|series=Christian Heroes Series - Christian Heroes: Then and Now|author=Janet Benge, Geoff Benge|publisher=YWAM Publishing|date=2002|isbn=9781576582589|pages=199}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ''osimiri asaa gbara ọchịchịrị na ndị agha nzọpụta'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Waldron&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Seven dark rivers and the Salvation Army: an anthology of Salvationist writings|author=John D. Waldron|publisher=Salvation Army Literary Dept.|date=1990|isbn=9780892160921|pages=202}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]]</text>
      <sha1>21osckfj2oda7r5j257d0uo4oglyodi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>671987</id>
      <parentid>671986</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T14:27:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ceentia</username>
        <id>24734</id>
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      <text bytes="3602" sha1="5nv142fcc27epdcznvolvhx9yg67yeu" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref name=&quot;Bennett 2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=David Malcolm Bennett|title=The General: William Booth|date=December 2003|publisher=Xulon Press|isbn=978-1-59467-206-4|pages=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;James Flawn (1837–1917) bụ onye nrụzigharị bekee na onye na-ama ụlọ ntu onye aka na Salvation Army site na 1865 ruo ọnwụ ya.

&lt;ref name=&quot;C. J. S. Flawn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=Huguenot Families|issue=12|title=The Raby and Flawn Families|author=C. J. S. Flawn}}&lt;/ref&gt;A kamara Flawn na 1937, ọkpara na-adị ndụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata, nke ndị na-akpa ihe Huguenot James Daniel Flawn na Harriet Wilson.

&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Harold Hill|title=Saved to Save and Saved to Serve: Perspectives on Salvation Army History|date=24 July 2017|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=978-1-5326-0167-5|pages=26–}}&lt;/ref&gt;Flawn bụ nwa mgbei na obere ogbenye mgbe ọ dị obere, ma were mkpali inyere ndị agụụ na-agụ aka site na nwata.  Ọ bụ onye otu Huguenot &quot; Christian Community &quot;.

Flawn bụ onye ọrụ na Tent Mission tupu William Booth eweghara &lt;ref name=&quot;Bennett 2003&quot; /&gt;

Ọ isi na Booth mgbe ọ isi onye ndu nke East London Special Services Commission .  N'Eprel 1870 Flawn mgbasa onye njikwa nke kichin ofe nke etinyere na ndị nke ndị Ozi . &lt;ref name=&quot;Merritt Satterlee&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=John G. Merritt and Allen Satterlee|title=Historical Dictionary of The Salvation Army|date=6 October 2017|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-5381-0213-8|pages=175}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Flawn nwere ụlọ oriri na mmanya na Pudding Lane ebe William na Catherine Booth na-eri nri mgbe nile, ruo mgbe ha si Hammersmith kwaga Hackney . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bennett 2003&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Merritt Satterlee&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=John G. Merritt and Allen Satterlee|title=Historical Dictionary of The Salvation Army|date=6 October 2017|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-5381-0213-8|pages=175}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJohn_G._Merritt_and_Allen_Satterlee2017&quot;&gt;John G. Merritt and Allen Satterlee (6 October 2017). ''Historical Dictionary of The Salvation Army''. Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers. p.&amp;nbsp;175. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-1-5381-0213-8|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-5381-0213-8&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;victorianweb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.victorianweb.org/religion/sa1.html|work=victorianweb.org|title=The Origin and Early Development of the Salvation Army in Victorian England|accessdate=22 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na 1871 Flawn, ya na Bramwell Booth dị afọ iri na ise bụ onye debere akwụkwọ ndị ahụ, na-elekọta ụzọ ise East London nke ozi ahụ, nke a mara dị ka ụlọ Food-for-the-Million

&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot; /&gt;Flawn butere isi nri maka ndị ọrụ International Training College for Salvation Army na Congress Hall na Lower Clapton, [1] [2] mara dị ka &quot;Commissary Flawn&quot;

Akpọrọ Flawn na ''William Booth: Ofe, Ncha, na Nzọpụta'', akụkọ ndụ Booth nwere egwu egwu, &lt;ref name=&quot;Benge&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=William Booth: Soup, Soap, and Salvation|series=Christian Heroes Series - Christian Heroes: Then and Now|author=Janet Benge, Geoff Benge|publisher=YWAM Publishing|date=2002|isbn=9781576582589|pages=199}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ''osimiri asaa gbara ọchịchịrị na ndị agha nzọpụta'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Waldron&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Seven dark rivers and the Salvation Army: an anthology of Salvationist writings|author=John D. Waldron|publisher=Salvation Army Literary Dept.|date=1990|isbn=9780892160921|pages=202}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]]</text>
      <sha1>5nv142fcc27epdcznvolvhx9yg67yeu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>671988</id>
      <parentid>671987</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T14:31:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ceentia</username>
        <id>24734</id>
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      <text bytes="3038" sha1="chebe09bq9ketf00l0nkhbdzb7oiilt" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref name=&quot;Bennett 2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=David Malcolm Bennett|title=The General: William Booth|date=December 2003|publisher=Xulon Press|isbn=978-1-59467-206-4|pages=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;James Flawn (1837–1917) bụ onye nrụzigharị bekee na onye na-ama ụlọ ntu onye aka na Salvation Army site na 1865 ruo ọnwụ ya.

&lt;ref name=&quot;C. J. S. Flawn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=Huguenot Families|issue=12|title=The Raby and Flawn Families|author=C. J. S. Flawn}}&lt;/ref&gt;A kamara Flawn na 1937, ọkpara na-adị ndụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata, nke ndị na-akpa ihe Huguenot James Daniel Flawn na Harriet Wilson.

&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Harold Hill|title=Saved to Save and Saved to Serve: Perspectives on Salvation Army History|date=24 July 2017|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|isbn=978-1-5326-0167-5|pages=26–}}&lt;/ref&gt;Flawn bụ nwa mgbei na obere ogbenye mgbe ọ dị obere, ma were mkpali inyere ndị agụụ na-agụ aka site na nwata.  Ọ bụ onye otu Huguenot &quot; Christian Community &quot;.

Flawn bụ onye ọrụ na Tent Mission tupu William Booth eweghara &lt;ref name=&quot;Bennett 2003&quot; /&gt;

Ọ isi na Booth mgbe ọ isi onye ndu nke East London Special Services Commission .  N'Eprel 1870 Flawn mgbasa onye njikwa nke kichin ofe nke etinyere na ndị nke ndị Ozi . &lt;ref name=&quot;Merritt Satterlee&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=John G. Merritt and Allen Satterlee|title=Historical Dictionary of The Salvation Army|date=6 October 2017|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-5381-0213-8|pages=175}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Flawn nwere ụlọ oriri na mmanya na Pudding Lane ebe William na Catherine Booth na-eri nri mgbe nile, ruo mgbe ha si Hammersmith kwaga Hackney . &lt;ref name=&quot;Bennett 2003&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Merritt Satterlee&quot; /&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;victorianweb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.victorianweb.org/religion/sa1.html|work=victorianweb.org|title=The Origin and Early Development of the Salvation Army in Victorian England|accessdate=22 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na 1871 Flawn, ya na Bramwell Booth dị afọ iri na ise bụ onye debere akwụkwọ ndị ahụ, na-elekọta ụzọ ise East London nke ozi ahụ, nke a mara dị ka ụlọ Food-for-the-Million

&lt;ref name=&quot;Hill&quot; /&gt;Flawn butere isi nri maka ndị ọrụ International Training College for Salvation Army na Congress Hall na Lower Clapton, [1] [2] mara dị ka &quot;Commissary Flawn&quot;

Akpọrọ Flawn na ''William Booth: Ofe, Ncha, na Nzọpụta'', akụkọ ndụ Booth nwere egwu egwu, &lt;ref name=&quot;Benge&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=William Booth: Soup, Soap, and Salvation|series=Christian Heroes Series - Christian Heroes: Then and Now|author=Janet Benge, Geoff Benge|publisher=YWAM Publishing|date=2002|isbn=9781576582589|pages=199}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ''osimiri asaa gbara ọchịchịrị na ndị agha nzọpụta'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Waldron&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Seven dark rivers and the Salvation Army: an anthology of Salvationist writings|author=John D. Waldron|publisher=Salvation Army Literary Dept.|date=1990|isbn=9780892160921|pages=202}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]]</text>
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    <title>Jana Amin</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Jana Amin''' bụ onye Egypt-American na-emekwa ihe maka agụmakwụkwọ nke ụmụ nwanyị.  N'ịbụ onye Nawal El Saadawi kpaliri,  ọ rụrụ ọrụ na otu NGO nke Jọdan na-akwado ikike nke ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=[[NowThis News]]|date=April 28, 2022|title=How Nawal El Saadawi Shook Up the Patriarchy in Egypt|url=https://nowthisnews.com/videos/how-nawal-el-saadawi-shook-up-the-patriarchy-in-egypt|accessdate=January 28, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-akụziri ha Bekee  yana ịrụ ọrụ na otu NGO nke mba Ijipt Heya Masr, &lt;ref name=&quot;thenational&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harding|first=Thomas|date=September 23, 2020|title=UNGA 2020: 'I began my activist journey by telling the story of Muslim women I knew'|publisher=The National|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/unga-2020-i-began-my-activist-journey-by-telling-the-story-of-muslim-women-i-knew-1.1082452|accessdate=January 28, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-enye Okwu TED, [3] na-akwado ihe omume mebere emepe n'oge ọrịa COVID-19 na ịhazi ihe ngosi banyere Princess Fawzia na Duality of Egyptian Women na Mahadum America dị na Cairo. O dekwara edemede maka Malala Fund na-ekerịta ahụmịhe ọ nwetara mgbe ọ gachara nkuzi Malala Yousafzai na Mahadum Harvard.  N'ọnwa Septemba nke afo 2020, ọ gara otu n'ime ihe omume ndị dị elu site na I ntanetị na nnọkọ nke iri asaa Na ise nke UN General Assembly.[5]{{R|thenational}}

== Edensibia ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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|nationality=Egyptian-American|alma_mater=[[Harvard Kennedy School]]|occupation=[[Women's rights]] activist|known_for=advocating for girls' education and rights of Muslim women|spouse=|children=|relatives=[[Rana el Kaliouby]] (mother)|awards=|website={{URL|https://www.janaamin.com/}}|nickname=}}

{{Databox}}'''Jana Amin''' bụ onye Egypt-American na-emekwa ihe maka agụmakwụkwọ nke ụmụ nwanyị.  N'ịbụ onye Nawal El Saadawi kpaliri,  ọ rụrụ ọrụ na otu NGO nke Jọdan na-akwado ikike nke ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị gbara ọsọ ndụ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=[[NowThis News]]|date=April 28, 2022|title=How Nawal El Saadawi Shook Up the Patriarchy in Egypt|url=https://nowthisnews.com/videos/how-nawal-el-saadawi-shook-up-the-patriarchy-in-egypt|accessdate=January 28, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-akụziri ha Bekee  yana ịrụ ọrụ na otu NGO nke mba Ijipt Heya Masr, &lt;ref name=&quot;thenational&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harding|first=Thomas|date=September 23, 2020|title=UNGA 2020: 'I began my activist journey by telling the story of Muslim women I knew'|publisher=The National|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/unga-2020-i-began-my-activist-journey-by-telling-the-story-of-muslim-women-i-knew-1.1082452|accessdate=January 28, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-enye Okwu TED, [3] na-akwado ihe omume mebere emepe n'oge ọrịa COVID-19 na ịhazi ihe ngosi banyere Princess Fawzia na Duality of Egyptian Women na Mahadum America dị na Cairo. O dekwara edemede maka Malala Fund na-ekerịta ahụmịhe ọ nwetara mgbe ọ gachara nkuzi Malala Yousafzai na Mahadum Harvard.  N'ọnwa Septemba nke afo 2020, ọ gara otu n'ime ihe omume ndị dị elu site na I ntanetị na nnọkọ nke iri asaa Na ise nke UN General Assembly.[5]{{R|thenational}}

== Edensibia ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Jean-Michel Basquiat</title>
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{{Databox}}
'''Jean-Michel Basquiat''' (   [ʒɑ̃]; Disemba 22, 1960 - Ọgọst 12, 1988) bụ onye America na-ese ihe nke nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'oge afọ 1980 dị ka akụkụ nke Neo-expressionism movement. 

Basquiat bu ụzọ bụrụ onye a ma ama na ngwụcha afọ 1970 dị ka akụkụ nke graffiti duo SAMO, n'akụkụ Al Diaz, na-ede epigrams dị mgbagwoju anya na Manhattan dum, ọkachasị na ebe ọdịbendị nke Lower East Side ebe rap, punk, na nka okporo ámá jikọtara n'ime ọdịbendị egwu hip-hop mbụ. Ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ 1980, a na-egosi ihe osise ya na gallery na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na mba ụwa. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na otu, Basquiat ghọrọ onye omenkà kachasị nta na-ekere òkè na Documenta na Kassel, Germany. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị kasị nta na-egosi na Whitney Biennial na New York. The Whitney Museum of American Art mere ihe ngosi nke ọrụ nka ya na 1992.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Basquiat na Disemba 22, 1960, na Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York City, nwa nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ anọ Matilde Basquiat (née Andrades, 1934-2008) na Gérard Basquiat (1930-2013).  O nwere nwanne nwoke tọrọ ya, Max, onye nwụrụ obere oge tupu a mụọ ya, na ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ ọ tọrọ, Lisane (b. 1964) na Jeanine (b.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sowa|first=Emily|date=February 27, 2019|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat's sisters talk growing up with the Brooklyn-born art icon|url=https://abc7ny.com/5145785/|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=ABC7 New York|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Artists, Performers, and Black Masculinity in the Haitian Diaspora|first=Jana Evans|author=Braziel|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|location=Bloomington, Indiana|year=2008|isbn=978-0-253-35139-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ nna ya na Port-au-Prince, Haiti ma amụọ nne ya na Brooklyn na nne na nna Puerto Rican.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Guerrero|first=Naiomy|date=June 16, 2017|title=Basquiat's Record Sale Highlights the Invisibility of the Latinx Market|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-americas-expensive-artist-latinx-one|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=Artsy|language=en|archivedate=May 13, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513043631/https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-americas-expensive-artist-latinx-one}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zụlitere ya na Katọlik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 3, 2021|title=Art, Friendship, and An Awakening|work=Carnegie Magazine|url=https://carnegiemuseums.org/carnegie-magazine/spring-2021/art-friendship-and-an-awakening/|accessdate=June 8, 2021|publisher=Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Matilde kụnyere ịhụnanya maka nka n'ime nwa ya nwoke site n'ịkpọrọ ya gaa n'ụlọ ngosi nka dị n'ógbè ahụ ma debanye aha ya dị ka onye na-eto eto nke Brooklyn Museum of Art .  Basquiat bụ nwatakịrị na-eto eto nke mụtara ịgụ na ide mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 15, 2016|title=The Ultimate Guide To Jean-Michel Basquiat|url=https://www.sleek-mag.com/article/ultimate-guide-jean-michel-basquiat/|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=Sleek|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nne ya gbara nwa ya ume ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri ma ọ na-agbalịkarị ise ihe nkiri kachasị amasị ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jegede-2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=jegede|first=dele|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dWdFCQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=matilde+basquiat+brooklyn+puerto+rican&amp;pg=PA17|title=Encyclopedia of African American Artists|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|location=Santa Barbara, California|year=2009|isbn=978-0-313-08060-9|pages=17–18|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1967, ọ malitere ịga Saint Ann's School, ụlọ akwụkwọ onwe onye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gotthardt-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gotthardt|first=Alexxa|date=December 1, 2017|title=Basquiat Left School at 17—and Made New York Museums His Classroom|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-basquiat-left-school-17-made-new-york-museums-classroom|accessdate=October 3, 2020|work=Artsy|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Curtis|first=Lisa J.|date=April 15, 2005|title=Homecoming|url=https://www.brooklynpaper.com/homecoming/|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=Brooklyn Paper|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere enyi ya Marc Prozzo ma ha abụọ mepụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, nke Basquiat dere mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa ma Prozzo sere ya.[4]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Basquiat|first=Jean-Michel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K5JIAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Marc+Prozzo+basquiat|title=Basquiat. Fantasmi da scacciare. Ediz. bilingue|date=2008|publisher=Skira|isbn=978-88-6130-946-3|pages=142|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinụlọ Basquiat biri na mpaghara Brooklyn nke Boerum Hill wee kwaga Miramar, Puerto Rico na 1974. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=One Basquiat|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/exhibitions/3356|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=Brooklyn Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt;[18] Mgbe ha laghachiri Brooklyn na 1976, Basquiat gara Edward R. Murrow High School.[20] Ọ gbalịrị ịnagide nsogbu nne ya ma nupụ isi mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sawyer-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sawyer|first=Miranda|date=September 3, 2017|title=The Jean-Michel Basquiat I knew…|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/sep/03/jean-michel-basquiat-retrospective-barbican|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbapụrụ n'ụlọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise mgbe nna ya jidere ya na-ese wii wii n'ime ụlọ ya.[22] Ọ na-ehi ụra n'elu oche ogige ntụrụndụ na Washington Square Park wee ṅụọ LSD.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Manatakis|first=Lexi|date=November 21, 2017|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat in his own words|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/38129/1/-jean-michel-basquiat-in-his-own-words|accessdate=November 20, 2020|work=Dazed|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McGuigan-1985&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=McGuigan|first=Cathleen|date=February 10, 1985|title=NEW ART, NEW MONEY|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/10/magazine/new-art-new-money.html|accessdate=October 31, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ikpeazụ, nna ya hụrụ ya na isi a kpụrụ akpụ wee kpọọ ndị uwe ojii ka ha kpọbata ya n'ụlọ.[25]

=== Ihe osise n'okporo ámá na Gray: 1978-1980 ===
 
N'ọnwa Mee afọ 1978, Basquiat na Diaz malitere ịpị Ihe odide n'ụlọ dị na Lower Manhattan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faflick-2019&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Goldstein|first=Caroline|date=June 1, 2017|title=Basquiat, the Teenage Years? A Trove of Unpublished Photos and Prints Is Released|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/basquiat-samo-al-diaz-977438|accessdate=October 3, 2020|work=artnet News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru aha nzuzo SAMO, ha dere okwu mgbasa ozi na-atọ ọchị dịka &quot;SAMO© AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO GOD&quot;. [1] Na June 1978, a chụpụrụ Basquiat na City-As-School maka ịkwaga onye isi.  Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, nna ya chụpụrụ ya n'ụlọ mgbe o kpebiri ịhapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sotheby's-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 21, 2019|title=21 Facts About Jean-Michel Basquiat|url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/21-facts-about-jean-michel-basquiat|work=Sotheby's|accessdate=May 24, 2024|archivedate=December 24, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224021846/https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/21-facts-about-jean-michel-basquiat}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Unique Clothing Warehouse na [[NoHo, Manhattan|NoHo]] ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ede ihe n'abalị.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lim|first=Robert|date=October 15, 2015|title=From Unique to Uniqlo: The Malling of Soho NYC|url=https://www.heddels.com/2015/10/from-unique-to-uniqlo-the-malling-of-soho-nyc-beneath-the-surface/|accessdate=October 5, 2020|work=Heddels}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Beyer|first=Gregory|date=September 30, 2007|title=$12,000 Postcards by Some Guy Named Basquiat|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/30/nyregion/thecity/30basq.html|accessdate=October 5, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Disemba 11, 1978, The Village Voice bipụtara otu isiokwu banyere ihe odide SAMO. [1]&lt;ref name=&quot;Faflick-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Faflick|first=Philip|date=March 20, 2019|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat and the Birth of SAMO|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2019/03/20/jean-michel-basquiat-and-the-birth-of-samo/|accessdate=December 26, 2020|work=The Village Voice|archivedate=December 30, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230230641/https://www.villagevoice.com/2019/03/20/jean-michel-basquiat-and-the-birth-of-samo/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge a, Basquiat biri na East Village na enyi ya Alexis Adler, onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Barnard biology.&lt;ref name=&quot;Straaten-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Straaten|first=Laura van|date=February 13, 2017|title=The Jean-Michel Basquiat You Haven't Seen|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/13/arts/design/jean-michel-basquiat-artwork.html|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-edekarị ihe osise nke kemịkalụ ndị ọ gbazitere n'akwụkwọ sayensị Adler. O dere nchọpụta ndị Basquiat na-emepụta ihe ka ọ na-agbanwe ala, mgbidi, ọnụ ụzọ na oche n'ime ọrụ nka ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;MCAD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Basquiat Before Basquiat: East 12th Street, 1979–1980|url=https://mcadenver.org/exhibitions/basquiat-basquiat|accessdate=October 3, 2020|work=Museum of Contemporary Art Denver|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na enyi ya Jennifer Stein mekwara postcard.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dowd-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Dowd|first=Vincent|date=September 25, 2017|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat: The neglected genius|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-41359913|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ na-ere postcard na SoHo, Basquiat hụrụ Andy Warhol na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ W.P.A. na onye na-enyocha nka Henry Geldzahler. Ọ rere Warhol postcard akpọrọ Stupid Games, Bad Ideas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brumfitt-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brumfitt|first=Stuart|date=September 19, 2017|title=New York Inspiration {{!}} Tales from Teen Basquiat's Best Friend|url=https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/qv9q87/basquiats-best-friend|accessdate=October 3, 2020|work=Amuse|language=en|archivedate=October 22, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022034128/https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/qv9q87/basquiats-best-friend}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:AsPoster-SAMO-Mania-D.-363x500.jpg|thumb|Ihe ngosi SAMO Xerox (1979) ]]
N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1979, na oghere oghere Arleen Schloss nke a na-akpọ A's, Basquiat gosipụtara ihe ngosi SAMO ya site na iji Xerox nke ọrụ ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=de la Haba|first=Gregory|title=December 2012: In Conversation with Arlene Schloss|url=https://whitehotmagazine.com/articles/in-conversation-with-arlene-schloss/2682|accessdate=October 3, 2020|work=Whitehot Magazine of Contemporary Art|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Schloss nyere Basquiat ohere iji oghere ahụ mepụta uwe &quot;MAN MADE&quot; ya, nke a na-ete ágbá.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mugrabi|first=Colby|date=May 21, 2019|title=Exploring Jean-Michel Basquiat's 1970's Clothing Collection, 'Man Made.'|url=https://garage.vice.com/en_us/article/paj34g/exploring-jean-michel-basquiats-1970s-clothing-collection-man-made|accessdate=October 3, 2020|work=Garage|language=en|archivedate=September 4, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904104941/https://garage.vice.com/en_us/article/paj34g/exploring-jean-michel-basquiats-1970s-clothing-collection-man-made}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1979, onye na-emepụta ejiji Patricia Field buuru akara ejiji ya n'ụlọ ahịa ya dị elu na 8th Street na Greenwich Village. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-10-25|title=Patricia Field’s Village Shops - Village Preservation|url=https://www.villagepreservation.org/2023/10/25/patricia-fields-village-shops/,%20https://www.villagepreservation.org/2023/10/25/patricia-fields-village-shops/|accessdate=2024-03-13|work=www.villagepreservation.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Field gosipụtakwara ihe ọkpụkpụ ya na windo ụlọ ahịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Man Made by Basquiat|url=https://www.minniemuse.com/articles/musings/basquiat-man-made|accessdate=August 9, 2020|work=Minnie Muse|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe Basquiat na Diaz dara, o dere &quot;SAMO IS DEAD&quot; na mgbidi nke ụlọ SoHo na 1980. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Haden-Guest|first=Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ACMbY9yahNsC&amp;q=samo|title=True Colors: The Real Life of the Art World|date=1998|publisher=Atlantic Monthly Press|isbn=978-0-87113-725-8|pages=128|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 1980, ọ pụtara na magazin High Times, mbipụta mba mbụ ya, dị ka akụkụ nke isiokwu akpọrọ &quot;Graffiti '80: The State of the Outlaw Art&quot; nke Glenn O'Brien. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=O'Brien|first=Glenn|date=June 1980|title=Graffiti '80: The State of the Outlaw Art|journal=High Times|pages=53–54}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ọ malitere ime ihe nkiri nke O'Brien bụ Downtown 81 (2000), nke akpọrọ ''New York Beat,'' nke gosipụtara ụfọdụ ihe ndekọ Gray na ụda ya.&lt;ref&gt;[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r551298|pure_url=yes}} Andy Kellman. ''Downtown 81 Original Soundtrack'']. Retrieved January 16, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ịbụ onye a ma ama na ihe ịga nke ọma: 1980-1986 ===
Na June 1980, Basquiat sonyere na The Times Square Show, ihe ngosi ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe nke Collaborative Projects Incorporated (Colab) na Fashion Moda kwadoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brown-2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Emma|date=August 30, 2012|title=Times Square: The Underbelly of New York Culture|url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/art/the-times-square-show-revisited|accessdate=November 20, 2020|work=[[Interview Magazine]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị nkatọ na ndị nlekọta dị iche iche hụrụ ya, gụnyere Jeffrey Deitch, bụ ndị kpọtụrụ ya aha n'otu isiokwu akpọrọ &quot;Report from Times Square&quot; na mbipụta Septemba 1980 nke Art in America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Deitch|first=Jeffrey|date=September 1980|title=Report from Times Square|journal=Art in America|pages=61}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Febụwarị 1981, Basquiat sonyere na ngosi New York / New Wave, nke Diego Cortez haziri na P.S.1 nke New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kane|first=Ashleigh|date=January 26, 2018|title=The New York curator who helped launch Basquiat's career|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/38813/1/curator-helped-launch-basquiats-career-diego-cortez-new-york-new-wave|accessdate=August 9, 2020|work=Dazed|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-ese ihe n'Ịtali bụ Sandro Chia tụrụ aro ọrụ Basquiat nye onye na-ere ahịa n'Ị大利 bụ Emilio Mazzoli, onye zụrụ ihe osise 10 maka Basquiat ka o gosipụta ya na gallery ya na Modena, Ịtali na Mee 1981.  &lt;ref name=&quot;McGuigan-1985&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maneker-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 8, 2018|title=Sotheby's Brings Basquiat Held in Italy for 35 Years to London|url=https://www.artmarketmonitor.com/2018/06/08/sothebys-brings-basquiat-held-in-italy-for-35-years-to-london/|accessdate=September 20, 2020|work=Art Market Monitor|language=en-US|archivedate=January 15, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115231202/https://www.artmarketmonitor.com/2018/06/08/sothebys-brings-basquiat-held-in-italy-for-35-years-to-london/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Disemba 1981, onye na-enyocha nka Rene Ricard bipụtara &quot;The Radiant Child&quot; na magazin Artforum, isiokwu mbụ buru ibu na Basquiat. &lt;ref name=&quot;Artforum-1981&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=December 1981|title=The Radiant Child|url=https://www.artforum.com/print/198110/the-radiant-child-35643|accessdate=January 1, 2021|work=Artforum|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge a, Basquiat sere ọtụtụ ihe na ihe ndị ọ hụrụ n'okporo ámá, dị ka ọnụ ụzọ ndị a tụfuru atụfu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat: Street As Studio|url=http://basquiat.guggenheim-bilbao.eus/en/street-as-studio/|accessdate=January 10, 2021|work=Guggenheim Museum Bilbao|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 1981, onye na-ere ihe osise Annina Nosei kpọrọ Basquiat ka ọ sonye na gallery ya na aro nke Sandro Chia. &lt;ref name=&quot;McGuigan-1985&quot;/&gt; N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ sonyere na ihe ngosi nke otu ya Public Address . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/christies-its-culture-or-its-not-culture-an|title='IT'S CULTURE OR IT'S NOT CULTURE': An Interview with Annina Nosei|date=March 4, 2014|work=Artsy|language=en|accessdate=April 4, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nyere ya ihe onwunwe na ohere ọ ga-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ala nke ụlọ ngosi ya. N'afọ 1982, Nosei mere ndokwa ka ọ kwaga n'otu ụlọ elu nke jere ozi dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na 101 Crosby Street na SoHo.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Maitland|first=Hayley|date=September 20, 2017|title=American Graffiti: Memories of Jean-Michel Basquiat|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/jean-michel-basquiat-barbican-exhibition-boom-for-real-interviews|accessdate=October 5, 2020|work=British Vogue|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Metcalf-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Metcalf|first=Stephen|date=July–August 2018|title=The Enigma of the Man Behind the $110 Million Painting|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/07/jean-michel-basquiat-artist-or-celebrity/561728/|journal=The Atlantic}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ihe ngosi America mbụ ya na Annina Nosei Gallery na Machị 1982. [3] O dekwara ihe osise na Modena maka ihe ngosi nke abụọ ya n'Italian na Machị 1982. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Emmerling|first=Leonhard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ildOSz1bKuMC&amp;q=basquiat+modena+march+1982&amp;pg=PA31|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat: 1960–1988|date=2003|publisher=Taschen|isbn=978-3-8228-1637-0|pages=31}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'inwe mmetụta nke ịbụ onye e ji mee ihe, a kagburu ihe ngosi ahụ n'ihi na a tụrụ anya na ọ ga-ese ihe osise asatọ n'otu izu.[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;McGuigan-1985&quot; /&gt;

=== Afọ ikpeazụ na ọnwụ: 1986-1988 ===
N'oge mmekọrịta ha, Goode malitere ịṅụ heroin na Basquiat ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-aṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ. O kwuru, sị: &quot;Ọ kpaliri m ya, mana ọ bụ naanị n'ebe ahụ ka m bụ onye na-amaghị ihe. &quot; [1] Na ngwụcha afọ 1986, o jisiri ike mee ka onwe ya na Basquiat banye na mmemme methadone na Manhattan, mana ọ kwụsịrị mgbe izu atọ gasịrị. [111] Dị ka Goode si kwuo, ọ malitere ịgba ọgwụ heroin ruo mgbe ọ kwụsịrị mmekọrịta ha.[1] N'ime ọnwa iri na asatọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, Basquiat ghọrọ ihe dị ka onye na-anọpụ iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wines-1988&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wines|first=Michael|date=August 27, 1988|title=Jean Michel Basquiat: Hazards Of Sudden Success and Fame|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/27/arts/jean-michel-basquiat-hazards-of-sudden-success-and-fame.html|accessdate=December 5, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eche na ọ nọgidere na-eji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe bụ ụzọ isi nagide ọnwụ enyi ya Andy Warhol na Febụwarị 1987. [1] [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoban1988&quot; /&gt;

In January 1988, Basquiat traveled to Paris for his exhibition at the Yvon Lambert Gallery and to Düsseldorf for an exhibition at the Hans Mayer Gallery.&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmerling-2003b&quot; /&gt; While in Paris, he befriended Ivorian artist [[Ouattara Watts]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=O'Leary|first=Hannah|date=March 22, 2018|title=Ouattara Watts – From Côte d'Ivoire to Basquiat's New York|url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/ouattara-watts-from-cote-divoire-to-basquiats-new-york|work=Sotheby's}}&lt;/ref&gt; They made plans to travel together to Watts' birthplace, Korhogo, that summer.&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmerling-2003b&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Emmerling|first=Leonhard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ildOSz1bKuMC&amp;q=Yvon+Lambert+Gallery+basquiat+1988&amp;pg=PA76|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat: 1960–1988|date=2003|publisher=Taschen|isbn=978-3-8228-1637-0|pages=76|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following his exhibition at the Vrej Baghoomian Gallery in New York in April 1988, Basquiat traveled to Maui in June to withdraw from drug use.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wines-1988&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmerling-2003b&quot; /&gt; After returning to New York in July, Basquiat ran into Keith Haring on Broadway, who stated that this last encounter was the only time Basquiat ever discussed his drug problem with him.{{Sfn|Hoban|1998|p=304}} Glenn O'Brien also recalled Basquiat calling him and telling him he was &quot;feeling really good.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Brien-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=O'Brien|first=Glenn|title=Glenn O'Brien on the death of Jean-Michel Basquiat and Andy Warhol|url=https://purple.fr/magazine/purple-25yrs-anniv-issue-28/glenn-obrien-on-the-death-of-jean-michel-basquiat-and-andy-warhol/|accessdate=May 3, 2021|work=Purple|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'agbanyeghị mgbalị ndị a na-eme ka ọ ghara ịṅụ mmanya, Basquiat nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na asaa n'ihi ịṅụbiga ọgwụ heroin ókè n'ụlọ ya na Great Jones Street na Manhattan n'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1988. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dowd-2017&quot;/&gt; Enyi ya nwanyị Kelle Inman chọtara ya na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra ya ma kpọga ya na Cabrini Medical Center, ebe a kwupụtara na ọ nwụọla mgbe ọ rutere.
[[Usòrò:Jean-Michel_Basquiat_-_grave.jpg|thumb|Ili Basquiat na Green-Wood Cemetery na Brooklyn, New York]]
E liri Basquiat na Green-Wood Cemetery nke Brooklyn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Basquiat-2019&quot;&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=qz9xDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Greenwood|title=Basquiat-isms|date=June 4, 2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-19283-3|pages=112–113|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mere emume olili ozu na Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel na August 17, 1988. [1] Ndị ezinụlọ na ezigbo ndị enyi bịara ememe olili ozu ahụ, gụnyere Keith Haring, Francesco Clemente, Glenn O'Brien, na onye bụbu enyi nwanyị Basquiat bụ Paige Powell.[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Brien-2017&quot;/&gt; Onye na-ere ihe osise bụ Jeffrey Deitch kwuru okwu otuto.

E mere emume ncheta ọha na eze na Saint Peter's Church na Nọvemba 3, 1988. &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-1988&quot; /&gt; Otu n'ime ndị ọkà okwu ahụ bụ Ingrid Sischy, onye dịka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Artforum matara Basquiat nke ọma ma nye iwu ka ọtụtụ isiokwu mara ọrụ ya n'ụwa niile. Suzanne Mallouk, onye bụbu enyi nwanyị Basquiat, kwughachiri akụkụ nke &quot;Poem for Basquiat&quot; nke A. R. Penck na enyi ya Fab 5 Freddy gụrụ uri nke Langston Hughes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first=Phoebe|author=Hoban|title=Basquiat: A Quick Killing in Art|chapter=One. Overdosing on Art|publisher=Viking|isbn=0-670-85477-8|date=1988|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/hoban-basquiat.html|accessdate=June 18, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ọbịa 300 gụnyere ndị egwu John Lurie na Arto Lindsay, Keith Haring, onye na-ede uri David Shapiro, Glenn O'Brien, na ndị otu egwu mbụ nke Basquiat bụ Gray.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-1988&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=November 3, 1988|title=Basquiat Memorial|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/03/arts/basquiat-memorial.html|accessdate=November 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iji cheta onye omenkà ahụ nwụrụ anwụ, Keith Haring mepụtara ihe osise A Pile of Crowns maka Jean-Michel Basquiat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Robin|author=Muir|date=May 7, 1999|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/keith-haring-1092216.html|title=Keith Haring|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=December 29, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'akwụkwọ ọnwụ Haring dere maka ''Vogue'', o kwuru, sị: &quot;Ọ mepụtara n'ezie ọrụ ndụ n'ime afọ iri. N'anya, anyị na-eche ihe ọzọ ọ nwere ike mepụta, ihe magburu onwe ya ndị ọnwụ ya ghọgburu anyị, mana eziokwu ahụ bụ na o mepụtara ọrụ zuru ezu iji mee ka ọgbọ ndị na-abịa nwee mmasị. Ọ bụ naanị ugbu a ka ndị mmadụ ga-amalite ịghọta oke nke onyinye ya. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Haring|first=Keith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7MXaDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=He+truly+created+a+lifetime+of+works+in+ten+years.+Greedily%2C+we+wonder+what+else+he+might+have+created%2C+what+masterpieces+we+have+been+cheated+out+of+by+his+death&amp;pg=PA103|title=Haring-isms|date=September 29, 2020|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-20985-2|pages=103|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lindy|first=Percival|date=November 22, 2019|title=Keith Haring and Jean-Michel Basquiat: art stars who shone too briefly|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/art-and-design/keith-haring-and-jean-michel-basquiat-art-stars-who-shone-too-briefly-20191114-p53aly.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Onye na-enyocha nka Franklin Sirmans nyochara na Basquiat wepụtara uri, eserese, na eserese, ma lụọ ederede na onyinyo, abstraction, figuration, na ozi akụkọ ihe mere eme agwakọta na nkatọ nke oge a. Nkọwa mmekọrịta ọha na eze ya bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke ihu na ihu na nkatọ ha na-akatọ ọchịchị na nkwado maka ọgụ nke ndị otu.[1] Ọ chọpụtakwara ihe nketa nka sitere na isi mmalite dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ gbasara ọdịnala oge ochie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Connolly|first=Serena|date=January 2018|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat and Antiquity|journal=Article Navigation Jean-Michel Basquiat and Antiquity Get Access Arrow Serena Connolly Classical Receptions Journal|volume=10|issue=1|pages=1–20|doi=10.1093/crj/clx012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Fred Hoffman na-ekwu na ihe dị n'ime njirimara onwe onye nke Basquiat dị ka onye na-ese ihe bụ &quot;ikike ebumpụta ụwa iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka ihe dị ka Onye amụma, na-eme ka nghọta ya banyere ụwa dị n'èzí ruo n'ihe ha bụ isi ha ma, n'aka nke ya, na-egosi ha n'èstre site n'omume okike ya&quot;,  nakwa na nka ya lekwasịrị anya na &quot;nkewa dị iche iche iche&quot; ugboro ugboro dị ka akụ na ịda ogbenye, njikọta na nkewa, na nke dị n'etiti, na nkewa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASX-2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hoffman|first=Fred|date=December 22, 2013|title=Notes on Five Key Jean-Michel Basquiat Works|url=https://americansuburbx.com/2013/12/five-key-basquiat-works.html|accessdate=June 18, 2023|work=American Suburb X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ASX-2013&quot; /&gt;

== Mmekọahụ ==
Basquiat nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị, gụnyere onye na-agụ egwu Madonna. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Madonna|date=1996-03-05|title=Me, Jean-Michel, love and money|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-guardian-me-jean-michel-love-and-m/137357501/|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=The Guardian|pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; [259] Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ kpughere n'ihu ọha dị ka nwoke na nwanyị, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị enyi ya ekwuola na ya na ụmụ nwoke nwere mmekọahụ.[260][261] Onye bụbu enyi nwanyị Basquiat bụ Suzanne Mallouk kọwara Mmasị mmekọahụ ya dị ka &quot;ọ bụghị monochromatic. Ọ dabere na mkpali anya, dị ka nwa agbọghọ mara mma. Ọ bụ mmekọahụ nwere ọtụtụ àgwà. Ọ masịrị ya ndị mmadụ maka ihe dị iche iche. Ha nwere ike ịbụ ụmụ nwoke, ụmụ agbọghọ, dị gịrịgịrị, abụba, mara mma, ihe ọjọọ ... Ọ masịrị ọgụgụ isi karịa ihe ọ bụla na ihe mgbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clement-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Clement|first=Jennifer|date=December 15, 2014|title=What It Was Like to Be Basquiat's Lover|url=https://www.vulture.com/2014/12/what-it-was-like-to-be-basquiats-lover.html|accessdate=December 5, 2021|work=Vulture|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ Phoebe Hoban dere banyere ahụmahụ mmekọahụ mbụ nke Basquiat, nke ya na ụmụ nwoke.[263] Mgbe Basquiat bụ nwata na Puerto Rico, onye na-akpụ isi yi uwe na-eyi uwe na-edina ya n'ike, mgbe ahụ, ya na deejay na-emekọrịta ihe.[20] Onye na-enyocha nka Rene Ricard, onye nyere aka ịmalite ọrụ Basquiat, kwuru na Basquiat nọ n'ihe niile ma &quot;gbanwere aghụghọ&quot; na Condado Ógbè ọ bi na Puerto Rico. Dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, Basquiat gwara enyi ya na ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye akwụna na 42nd Street na Manhattan mgbe ọ gbapụrụ n'ụlọ.[26] Andy Warhol kwuru na Basquiat jụrụ iso ya na Keith Haring gaa Rounds, ụlọ mmanya na-eme enyi nwoke, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lambert|first=Bruce|date=1994-09-04|title=NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: MIDTOWN; Gay Bar Shut in 'Loop'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/04/nyregion/neighborhood-report-midtown-gay-bar-shut-in-loop.html|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'ihi na ọ weghachiri ihe ọjọọ mgbe ọ na-eme egwuregwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Warhol|first=Andy|url=https://archive.org/details/andywarholdiarie00warh/page/594/mode/2up|title=The Andy Warhol Diaries|publisher=Warner Books|year=1989|isbn=978-0-446-51426-2|location=New York|pages=594}} Entry date: Thursday, August 7, 1984.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Nketa ==
[[Usòrò:Place_Jean-Michel_Basquiat,_Paris,_FRANCE.jpg|thumb|Ebe Jean-Michel Basquiat dị na Paris]]
Nna ya, Gerard Basquiat, na-elekọta ala Basquiat ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fanelli-2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20130905/boerum-hill/jean-michel-basquiats-dad-leaves-behind-sons-art-tax-problem/|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat's Dad Leaves Behind Son's Art, and Tax Problem|work=DNAinfo New York|accessdate=April 19, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420073914/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20130905/boerum-hill/jean-michel-basquiats-dad-leaves-behind-sons-art-tax-problem/|archivedate=April 20, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ụmụnne ya nwanyị, Jeanine Heriveaux na Lisane Basquiat na-achịkwa ya ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Basquiat Sisters on Managing One of Art's Hottest Brands – The Journal. – WSJ Podcasts|url=https://www.wsj.com/podcasts/the-journal/the-basquiat-sisters-on-managing-one-of-art-hottest-brands/4355329b-cadb-4424-bc6b-3b204aa587f7|accessdate=April 19, 2022|work=WSJ|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ya nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na nka n'okporo ámá na ihe nkiri hip hop,  a hụkwara ya dị ka mmetụta na ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a gụnyere Banksy, Shepard Fairey, na Halim Flowers.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/24/arts/design/basquiat-street-artists-hip-hop.html|title=How Basquiat and Street Artists Left Their Mark on Hip-Hop Culture|work=New York Times|date=2021-06-24|accessdate=2024-03-16|first=Julianne|author=McShane}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WBP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wpbmagazine.com/halim-flowers-blossoming-bouquet-flowers/|title=A Blossoming Bouquet of Flowers|work=WBP Magazine|date=2021-05-26|accessdate=2024-03-16|first=Bruce|author=Helander}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://andipaeditions.com/blog/164-the-influence-of-jean-michel-basquiat-in-popular-culture/|title=The Influence of Jean-Michel Basquiat in Popular Culture|work=Andipa Editions|date=2023-09-14|accessdate=2024-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2015, e gosipụtara Basquiat n'ihu Vanity Fair's Art and Artists Special Edition . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sischy|first=Ingrid|date=November 2015|title=For the Love of Basquiat|url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2015/11/for-the-love-of-basquiat|accessdate=April 5, 2021|work=Vanity Fair {{!}} The Complete Archive|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2016, Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation debere ihe ncheta na-echeta ndụ Basquiat n'èzí ebe obibi mbụ ya na 57 Great Jones Street na Manhattan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Meier|first=Allison|date=July 14, 2016|title=Basquiat's Former Home and Studio Gets a Permanent Plaque|url=https://hyperallergic.com/311137/basquiats-former-home-and-studio-gets-a-permanent-plaque/|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2017, onye isi ala obodo Eric Adams nyere Basquiat mkpịsị ugodi nke obodo Brooklyn ma sọpụrụ ya na Celebrity Path na Brooklyn Botanic Garden . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=McGoldrick •|first=Meaghan|date=June 22, 2017|title=Fabolous, Jean-Michel Basquiat awarded &quot;keys to Brooklyn&quot; during arts weekend|url=https://brooklynreporter.com/2017/06/fabolous-jean-michel-basquiat-awarded-keys-to-brooklyn-during-arts-weekend/|accessdate=April 21, 2022|work=The Brooklyn Home Reporter|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe nkiri, telivishọn na ihe nkiri ===
Basquiat pụtara na Downtown 81, ihe nkiri vérité nke Glenn O'Brien dere ma Edo Bertoglio gbara ya na 1980-81, mana ewepụtaghị ya ruo n'afọ 2000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cassell|first=Dessane Lopez|date=November 6, 2019|title=The Bittersweet Nostalgia of Watching Basquiat in Downtown 81|url=https://hyperallergic.com/526976/the-bittersweet-nostalgia-of-watching-basquiat-in-downtown-81/|accessdate=October 30, 2020|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Without Walls: Shooting Star, ihe ngosi Britain nke Geoff Dunlop banyere ndụ Basquiat, gosipụtara na Channel 4 na 1990. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hurst|first=Andrew|date=1990-11-28|title=The writing on the wall|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/huddersfield-daily-examiner-jean-michel/138485121/|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=Huddersfield Daily Examiner|pages=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1996, onye na-ese ihe Julian Schnabel mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya na ihe nkiri ''Baskiat''. Ọ na-egosi Jeffrey Wright dị ka Basquiat na David Bowie dị ka Andy Warhol . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Weinreich|first=Regina|date=August 11, 1996|title=Schnabel Becomes a Director To Film the Life of Basquiat|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/11/nyregion/schnabel-becomes-a-director-to-film-the-life-of-basquiat.html|accessdate=December 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jean-Michel Basquiat: The Radiant Child, ihe nkiri nke Tamra Davis duziri, gosipụtara na 2010 Sundance Film Festival ma gosipụta ya na usoro PBS Independent Lens na 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=January 21, 2010|title=Sundance '10 {{!}} Tamra Davis Revisits the Life of Jean-Michel Basquiat|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2010/01/sundance-10-tamra-davis-revisits-the-life-of-jean-michel-basquiat-245926/|accessdate=February 9, 2022|work=IndieWire|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pbs&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Davis|first=Tamra|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat: The Radiant Child|url=https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/jean-michel-basquiat/|work=Independent Lens|publisher=PBS|accessdate=March 30, 2011|authorlink=Tamra Davis|format=One of the &quot;Film Topics&quot; sub-sections on the Independent Lens website and the documentary of the same name they describe|quote=Tamra Davis explains why she locked her footage of her friend Basquiat in a drawer for two decades, and what it took to be sure a film about him took the full measure of the man.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sara Driver duziri ihe nkiri Boom for Real: The Late Teenage Years of Jean-Michel Basquiat, nke gosipụtara na 2017 Toronto International Film Festival.&lt;ref name=&quot;N'Duka-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2017/09/boom-for-real-clip-sara-driver-documentary-jean-michel-basquiat-toronto-film-festival-1202164675/|title='Boom For Real' Clip: Sara Driver's Documentary On Famed Artist Jean-Michel Basquiat – Toronto|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Amanda|author=N'Duka|date=September 8, 2017|accessdate=January 17, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2018, PBS gosipụtara ihe ngosi Basquiat: Rage to Riches dị ka akụkụ nke usoro American Masters. &lt;ref name=&quot;pbs2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=R|first=Cindy|date=2018-08-02|title=Basquiat: Rage to Riches ~ About the Film &amp;#124; American Masters &amp;#124; PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/basquiat-rage-riches-documentary/10456/|accessdate=2023-01-08|work=American Masters|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Egwú ===
N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọnwụ Basquiat gasịrị, onye na-akpọ ụbọ Vernon Reid nke otu egwu funk metal Living Colour dere abụ a na-akpọ &quot;Desperate People&quot;, nke e wepụtara na album ha Vivid. Abụ ahụ na-ekwu maka ọgwụ ọjọọ nke New York n'oge ahụ. Reid sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ dee abụ ahụ mgbe ọ natara oku ekwentị site n'aka Greg Tate na-agwa ya banyere ọnwụ Basquiat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJZtyMbiNl4|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308064506/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJZtyMbiNl4|archivedate=March 8, 2017|title=Living Colour – Interview with Vernon Reid|author=GuitarManiaEU|date=March 30, 2013|accessdate=December 29, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2014, Mkpughe 13:18 wepụtara egwu &quot;Old School&quot; nke gosipụtara Jean-Michel Basquiat, yana abọm akpọrọ Mkpughe 13:18. Ụbọchị ntọhapụ nke &quot;Old School&quot; dakọtara na ncheta ọnwụ Basquiat. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jean-michel-basquiat-mn0000651659|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat {{!}} Album Discography|work=AllMusic|language=en-us|accessdate=January 8, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2020, ndị otu egwu rock nke New York bụ Strokes jiri ihe osise Basquiat bụ Bird on Money (1981) dị ka ihe osise mkpuchi maka abọm ha bụ The New Abnormal . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Horton|first=Ross|date=April 12, 2020|title=The Strokes – The New Abnormal|url=https://www.musicomh.com/reviews/albums/the-strokes-the-new-abnormal|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=musicOMH|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:1960 births]]</text>
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{{Databox}}
'''Jean-Michel Basquiat''' (   [ʒɑ̃]; Disemba 22, 1960 - Ọgọst 12, 1988) bụ onye America na-ese ihe nke nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'oge afọ 1980 dị ka akụkụ nke Neo-expressionism movement. 

Basquiat bu ụzọ bụrụ onye a ma ama na ngwụcha afọ 1970 dị ka akụkụ nke graffiti duo SAMO, n'akụkụ Al Diaz, na-ede epigrams dị mgbagwoju anya na Manhattan dum, ọkachasị na ebe ọdịbendị nke Lower East Side ebe rap, punk, na nka okporo ámá jikọtara n'ime ọdịbendị egwu hip-hop mbụ. Ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ 1980, a na-egosi ihe osise ya na gallery na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na mba ụwa. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na otu, Basquiat ghọrọ onye omenkà kachasị nta na-ekere òkè na Documenta na Kassel, Germany. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ, ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị kasị nta na-egosi na Whitney Biennial na New York. The Whitney Museum of American Art mere ihe ngosi nke ọrụ nka ya na 1992.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Basquiat na Disemba 22, 1960, na Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York City, nwa nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ anọ Matilde Basquiat (née Andrades, 1934-2008) na Gérard Basquiat (1930-2013).  O nwere nwanne nwoke tọrọ ya, Max, onye nwụrụ obere oge tupu a mụọ ya, na ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ ọ tọrọ, Lisane (b. 1964) na Jeanine (b.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sowa|first=Emily|date=February 27, 2019|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat's sisters talk growing up with the Brooklyn-born art icon|url=https://abc7ny.com/5145785/|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=ABC7 New York|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Artists, Performers, and Black Masculinity in the Haitian Diaspora|first=Jana Evans|author=Braziel|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|location=Bloomington, Indiana|year=2008|isbn=978-0-253-35139-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ nna ya na Port-au-Prince, Haiti ma amụọ nne ya na Brooklyn na nne na nna Puerto Rican.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Guerrero|first=Naiomy|date=June 16, 2017|title=Basquiat's Record Sale Highlights the Invisibility of the Latinx Market|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-americas-expensive-artist-latinx-one|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=Artsy|language=en|archivedate=May 13, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513043631/https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-americas-expensive-artist-latinx-one}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zụlitere ya na Katọlik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 3, 2021|title=Art, Friendship, and An Awakening|work=Carnegie Magazine|url=https://carnegiemuseums.org/carnegie-magazine/spring-2021/art-friendship-and-an-awakening/|accessdate=June 8, 2021|publisher=Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Matilde kụnyere ịhụnanya maka nka n'ime nwa ya nwoke site n'ịkpọrọ ya gaa n'ụlọ ngosi nka dị n'ógbè ahụ ma debanye aha ya dị ka onye na-eto eto nke Brooklyn Museum of Art .  Basquiat bụ nwatakịrị na-eto eto nke mụtara ịgụ na ide mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 15, 2016|title=The Ultimate Guide To Jean-Michel Basquiat|url=https://www.sleek-mag.com/article/ultimate-guide-jean-michel-basquiat/|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=Sleek|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nne ya gbara nwa ya ume ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri ma ọ na-agbalịkarị ise ihe nkiri kachasị amasị ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jegede-2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=jegede|first=dele|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dWdFCQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=matilde+basquiat+brooklyn+puerto+rican&amp;pg=PA17|title=Encyclopedia of African American Artists|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|location=Santa Barbara, California|year=2009|isbn=978-0-313-08060-9|pages=17–18|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1967, ọ malitere ịga Saint Ann's School, ụlọ akwụkwọ onwe onye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gotthardt-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gotthardt|first=Alexxa|date=December 1, 2017|title=Basquiat Left School at 17—and Made New York Museums His Classroom|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-basquiat-left-school-17-made-new-york-museums-classroom|accessdate=October 3, 2020|work=Artsy|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Curtis|first=Lisa J.|date=April 15, 2005|title=Homecoming|url=https://www.brooklynpaper.com/homecoming/|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=Brooklyn Paper|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere enyi ya Marc Prozzo ma ha abụọ mepụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka, nke Basquiat dere mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa ma Prozzo sere ya.[4]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Basquiat|first=Jean-Michel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K5JIAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=Marc+Prozzo+basquiat|title=Basquiat. Fantasmi da scacciare. Ediz. bilingue|date=2008|publisher=Skira|isbn=978-88-6130-946-3|pages=142|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinụlọ Basquiat biri na mpaghara Brooklyn nke Boerum Hill wee kwaga Miramar, Puerto Rico na 1974. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=One Basquiat|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/exhibitions/3356|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=Brooklyn Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt;[18] Mgbe ha laghachiri Brooklyn na 1976, Basquiat gara Edward R. Murrow High School.[20] Ọ gbalịrị ịnagide nsogbu nne ya ma nupụ isi mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sawyer-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sawyer|first=Miranda|date=September 3, 2017|title=The Jean-Michel Basquiat I knew…|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/sep/03/jean-michel-basquiat-retrospective-barbican|accessdate=October 2, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbapụrụ n'ụlọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise mgbe nna ya jidere ya na-ese wii wii n'ime ụlọ ya.[22] Ọ na-ehi ụra n'elu oche ogige ntụrụndụ na Washington Square Park wee ṅụọ LSD.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Manatakis|first=Lexi|date=November 21, 2017|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat in his own words|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/38129/1/-jean-michel-basquiat-in-his-own-words|accessdate=November 20, 2020|work=Dazed|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McGuigan-1985&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=McGuigan|first=Cathleen|date=February 10, 1985|title=NEW ART, NEW MONEY|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/02/10/magazine/new-art-new-money.html|accessdate=October 31, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ikpeazụ, nna ya hụrụ ya na isi a kpụrụ akpụ wee kpọọ ndị uwe ojii ka ha kpọbata ya n'ụlọ.[25]

=== Ihe osise n'okporo ámá na Gray: 1978-1980 ===
 
N'ọnwa Mee afọ 1978, Basquiat na Diaz malitere ịpị Ihe odide n'ụlọ dị na Lower Manhattan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faflick-2019&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Goldstein|first=Caroline|date=June 1, 2017|title=Basquiat, the Teenage Years? A Trove of Unpublished Photos and Prints Is Released|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/basquiat-samo-al-diaz-977438|accessdate=October 3, 2020|work=artnet News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru aha nzuzo SAMO, ha dere okwu mgbasa ozi na-atọ ọchị dịka &quot;SAMO© AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO GOD&quot;. [1] Na June 1978, a chụpụrụ Basquiat na City-As-School maka ịkwaga onye isi.  Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, nna ya chụpụrụ ya n'ụlọ mgbe o kpebiri ịhapụ ụlọ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sotheby's-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 21, 2019|title=21 Facts About Jean-Michel Basquiat|url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/21-facts-about-jean-michel-basquiat|work=Sotheby's|accessdate=May 24, 2024|archivedate=December 24, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224021846/https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/21-facts-about-jean-michel-basquiat}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Unique Clothing Warehouse na [[NoHo, Manhattan|NoHo]] ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ede ihe n'abalị.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lim|first=Robert|date=October 15, 2015|title=From Unique to Uniqlo: The Malling of Soho NYC|url=https://www.heddels.com/2015/10/from-unique-to-uniqlo-the-malling-of-soho-nyc-beneath-the-surface/|accessdate=October 5, 2020|work=Heddels}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Beyer|first=Gregory|date=September 30, 2007|title=$12,000 Postcards by Some Guy Named Basquiat|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/30/nyregion/thecity/30basq.html|accessdate=October 5, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Disemba 11, 1978, The Village Voice bipụtara otu isiokwu banyere ihe odide SAMO. [1]&lt;ref name=&quot;Faflick-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Faflick|first=Philip|date=March 20, 2019|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat and the Birth of SAMO|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2019/03/20/jean-michel-basquiat-and-the-birth-of-samo/|accessdate=December 26, 2020|work=The Village Voice|archivedate=December 30, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230230641/https://www.villagevoice.com/2019/03/20/jean-michel-basquiat-and-the-birth-of-samo/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge a, Basquiat biri na East Village na enyi ya Alexis Adler, onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Barnard biology.&lt;ref name=&quot;Straaten-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Straaten|first=Laura van|date=February 13, 2017|title=The Jean-Michel Basquiat You Haven't Seen|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/13/arts/design/jean-michel-basquiat-artwork.html|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-edekarị ihe osise nke kemịkalụ ndị ọ gbazitere n'akwụkwọ sayensị Adler. O dere nchọpụta ndị Basquiat na-emepụta ihe ka ọ na-agbanwe ala, mgbidi, ọnụ ụzọ na oche n'ime ọrụ nka ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;MCAD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Basquiat Before Basquiat: East 12th Street, 1979–1980|url=https://mcadenver.org/exhibitions/basquiat-basquiat|accessdate=October 3, 2020|work=Museum of Contemporary Art Denver|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na enyi ya Jennifer Stein mekwara postcard.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dowd-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Dowd|first=Vincent|date=September 25, 2017|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat: The neglected genius|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-41359913|accessdate=October 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ na-ere postcard na SoHo, Basquiat hụrụ Andy Warhol na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ W.P.A. na onye na-enyocha nka Henry Geldzahler. Ọ rere Warhol postcard akpọrọ Stupid Games, Bad Ideas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brumfitt-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brumfitt|first=Stuart|date=September 19, 2017|title=New York Inspiration {{!}} Tales from Teen Basquiat's Best Friend|url=https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/qv9q87/basquiats-best-friend|accessdate=October 3, 2020|work=Amuse|language=en|archivedate=October 22, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022034128/https://amuse.vice.com/en_us/article/qv9q87/basquiats-best-friend}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:AsPoster-SAMO-Mania-D.-363x500.jpg|thumb|Ihe ngosi SAMO Xerox (1979) ]]
N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1979, na oghere oghere Arleen Schloss nke a na-akpọ A's, Basquiat gosipụtara ihe ngosi SAMO ya site na iji Xerox nke ọrụ ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=de la Haba|first=Gregory|title=December 2012: In Conversation with Arlene Schloss|url=https://whitehotmagazine.com/articles/in-conversation-with-arlene-schloss/2682|accessdate=October 3, 2020|work=Whitehot Magazine of Contemporary Art|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Schloss nyere Basquiat ohere iji oghere ahụ mepụta uwe &quot;MAN MADE&quot; ya, nke a na-ete ágbá.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mugrabi|first=Colby|date=May 21, 2019|title=Exploring Jean-Michel Basquiat's 1970's Clothing Collection, 'Man Made.'|url=https://garage.vice.com/en_us/article/paj34g/exploring-jean-michel-basquiats-1970s-clothing-collection-man-made|accessdate=October 3, 2020|work=Garage|language=en|archivedate=September 4, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904104941/https://garage.vice.com/en_us/article/paj34g/exploring-jean-michel-basquiats-1970s-clothing-collection-man-made}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1979, onye na-emepụta ejiji Patricia Field buuru akara ejiji ya n'ụlọ ahịa ya dị elu na 8th Street na Greenwich Village. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-10-25|title=Patricia Field’s Village Shops - Village Preservation|url=https://www.villagepreservation.org/2023/10/25/patricia-fields-village-shops/,%20https://www.villagepreservation.org/2023/10/25/patricia-fields-village-shops/|accessdate=2024-03-13|work=www.villagepreservation.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Field gosipụtakwara ihe ọkpụkpụ ya na windo ụlọ ahịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Man Made by Basquiat|url=https://www.minniemuse.com/articles/musings/basquiat-man-made|accessdate=August 9, 2020|work=Minnie Muse|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe Basquiat na Diaz dara, o dere &quot;SAMO IS DEAD&quot; na mgbidi nke ụlọ SoHo na 1980. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Haden-Guest|first=Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ACMbY9yahNsC&amp;q=samo|title=True Colors: The Real Life of the Art World|date=1998|publisher=Atlantic Monthly Press|isbn=978-0-87113-725-8|pages=128|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 1980, ọ pụtara na magazin High Times, mbipụta mba mbụ ya, dị ka akụkụ nke isiokwu akpọrọ &quot;Graffiti '80: The State of the Outlaw Art&quot; nke Glenn O'Brien. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=O'Brien|first=Glenn|date=June 1980|title=Graffiti '80: The State of the Outlaw Art|journal=High Times|pages=53–54}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ọ malitere ime ihe nkiri nke O'Brien bụ Downtown 81 (2000), nke akpọrọ ''New York Beat,'' nke gosipụtara ụfọdụ ihe ndekọ Gray na ụda ya.&lt;ref&gt;[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r551298|pure_url=yes}} Andy Kellman. ''Downtown 81 Original Soundtrack'']. Retrieved January 16, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ịbụ onye a ma ama na ihe ịga nke ọma: 1980-1986 ===
Na June 1980, Basquiat sonyere na The Times Square Show, ihe ngosi ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe nke Collaborative Projects Incorporated (Colab) na Fashion Moda kwadoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brown-2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Emma|date=August 30, 2012|title=Times Square: The Underbelly of New York Culture|url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/art/the-times-square-show-revisited|accessdate=November 20, 2020|work=[[Interview Magazine]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị nkatọ na ndị nlekọta dị iche iche hụrụ ya, gụnyere Jeffrey Deitch, bụ ndị kpọtụrụ ya aha n'otu isiokwu akpọrọ &quot;Report from Times Square&quot; na mbipụta Septemba 1980 nke Art in America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Deitch|first=Jeffrey|date=September 1980|title=Report from Times Square|journal=Art in America|pages=61}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Febụwarị 1981, Basquiat sonyere na ngosi New York / New Wave, nke Diego Cortez haziri na P.S.1 nke New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kane|first=Ashleigh|date=January 26, 2018|title=The New York curator who helped launch Basquiat's career|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/art-photography/article/38813/1/curator-helped-launch-basquiats-career-diego-cortez-new-york-new-wave|accessdate=August 9, 2020|work=Dazed|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-ese ihe n'Ịtali bụ Sandro Chia tụrụ aro ọrụ Basquiat nye onye na-ere ahịa n'Ị大利 bụ Emilio Mazzoli, onye zụrụ ihe osise 10 maka Basquiat ka o gosipụta ya na gallery ya na Modena, Ịtali na Mee 1981.  &lt;ref name=&quot;McGuigan-1985&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Maneker-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 8, 2018|title=Sotheby's Brings Basquiat Held in Italy for 35 Years to London|url=https://www.artmarketmonitor.com/2018/06/08/sothebys-brings-basquiat-held-in-italy-for-35-years-to-london/|accessdate=September 20, 2020|work=Art Market Monitor|language=en-US|archivedate=January 15, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115231202/https://www.artmarketmonitor.com/2018/06/08/sothebys-brings-basquiat-held-in-italy-for-35-years-to-london/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Disemba 1981, onye na-enyocha nka Rene Ricard bipụtara &quot;The Radiant Child&quot; na magazin Artforum, isiokwu mbụ buru ibu na Basquiat. &lt;ref name=&quot;Artforum-1981&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=December 1981|title=The Radiant Child|url=https://www.artforum.com/print/198110/the-radiant-child-35643|accessdate=January 1, 2021|work=Artforum|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge a, Basquiat sere ọtụtụ ihe na ihe ndị ọ hụrụ n'okporo ámá, dị ka ọnụ ụzọ ndị a tụfuru atụfu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat: Street As Studio|url=http://basquiat.guggenheim-bilbao.eus/en/street-as-studio/|accessdate=January 10, 2021|work=Guggenheim Museum Bilbao|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 1981, onye na-ere ihe osise Annina Nosei kpọrọ Basquiat ka ọ sonye na gallery ya na aro nke Sandro Chia. &lt;ref name=&quot;McGuigan-1985&quot;/&gt; N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ sonyere na ihe ngosi nke otu ya Public Address . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/christies-its-culture-or-its-not-culture-an|title='IT'S CULTURE OR IT'S NOT CULTURE': An Interview with Annina Nosei|date=March 4, 2014|work=Artsy|language=en|accessdate=April 4, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nyere ya ihe onwunwe na ohere ọ ga-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ala nke ụlọ ngosi ya. N'afọ 1982, Nosei mere ndokwa ka ọ kwaga n'otu ụlọ elu nke jere ozi dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na 101 Crosby Street na SoHo.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Maitland|first=Hayley|date=September 20, 2017|title=American Graffiti: Memories of Jean-Michel Basquiat|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/jean-michel-basquiat-barbican-exhibition-boom-for-real-interviews|accessdate=October 5, 2020|work=British Vogue|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Metcalf-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Metcalf|first=Stephen|date=July–August 2018|title=The Enigma of the Man Behind the $110 Million Painting|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/07/jean-michel-basquiat-artist-or-celebrity/561728/|journal=The Atlantic}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ihe ngosi America mbụ ya na Annina Nosei Gallery na Machị 1982. [3] O dekwara ihe osise na Modena maka ihe ngosi nke abụọ ya n'Italian na Machị 1982. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Emmerling|first=Leonhard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ildOSz1bKuMC&amp;q=basquiat+modena+march+1982&amp;pg=PA31|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat: 1960–1988|date=2003|publisher=Taschen|isbn=978-3-8228-1637-0|pages=31}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'inwe mmetụta nke ịbụ onye e ji mee ihe, a kagburu ihe ngosi ahụ n'ihi na a tụrụ anya na ọ ga-ese ihe osise asatọ n'otu izu.[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;McGuigan-1985&quot; /&gt;

=== Afọ ikpeazụ na ọnwụ: 1986-1988 ===
N'oge mmekọrịta ha, Goode malitere ịṅụ heroin na Basquiat ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-aṅụ ọgwụ ọjọọ. O kwuru, sị: &quot;Ọ kpaliri m ya, mana ọ bụ naanị n'ebe ahụ ka m bụ onye na-amaghị ihe. &quot; [1] Na ngwụcha afọ 1986, o jisiri ike mee ka onwe ya na Basquiat banye na mmemme methadone na Manhattan, mana ọ kwụsịrị mgbe izu atọ gasịrị. [111] Dị ka Goode si kwuo, ọ malitere ịgba ọgwụ heroin ruo mgbe ọ kwụsịrị mmekọrịta ha.[1] N'ime ọnwa iri na asatọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, Basquiat ghọrọ ihe dị ka onye na-anọpụ iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wines-1988&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wines|first=Michael|date=August 27, 1988|title=Jean Michel Basquiat: Hazards Of Sudden Success and Fame|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/27/arts/jean-michel-basquiat-hazards-of-sudden-success-and-fame.html|accessdate=December 5, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eche na ọ nọgidere na-eji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe bụ ụzọ isi nagide ọnwụ enyi ya Andy Warhol na Febụwarị 1987. [1] [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoban1988&quot;&gt;

In January 1988, Basquiat traveled to Paris for his exhibition at the Yvon Lambert Gallery and to Düsseldorf for an exhibition at the Hans Mayer Gallery.&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmerling-2003b&quot; /&gt; While in Paris, he befriended Ivorian artist [[Ouattara Watts]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=O'Leary|first=Hannah|date=March 22, 2018|title=Ouattara Watts – From Côte d'Ivoire to Basquiat's New York|url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/ouattara-watts-from-cote-divoire-to-basquiats-new-york|work=Sotheby's}}&lt;/ref&gt; They made plans to travel together to Watts' birthplace, Korhogo, that summer.&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmerling-2003b&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Emmerling|first=Leonhard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ildOSz1bKuMC&amp;q=Yvon+Lambert+Gallery+basquiat+1988&amp;pg=PA76|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat: 1960–1988|date=2003|publisher=Taschen|isbn=978-3-8228-1637-0|pages=76|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following his exhibition at the Vrej Baghoomian Gallery in New York in April 1988, Basquiat traveled to Maui in June to withdraw from drug use.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wines-1988&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Emmerling-2003b&quot; /&gt; After returning to New York in July, Basquiat ran into Keith Haring on Broadway, who stated that this last encounter was the only time Basquiat ever discussed his drug problem with him.{{Sfn|Hoban|1998|p=304}} Glenn O'Brien also recalled Basquiat calling him and telling him he was &quot;feeling really good.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Brien-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=O'Brien|first=Glenn|title=Glenn O'Brien on the death of Jean-Michel Basquiat and Andy Warhol|url=https://purple.fr/magazine/purple-25yrs-anniv-issue-28/glenn-obrien-on-the-death-of-jean-michel-basquiat-and-andy-warhol/|accessdate=May 3, 2021|work=Purple|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'agbanyeghị mgbalị ndị a na-eme ka ọ ghara ịṅụ mmanya, Basquiat nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na asaa n'ihi ịṅụbiga ọgwụ heroin ókè n'ụlọ ya na Great Jones Street na Manhattan n'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1988. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dowd-2017&quot;/&gt; Enyi ya nwanyị Kelle Inman chọtara ya na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra ya ma kpọga ya na Cabrini Medical Center, ebe a kwupụtara na ọ nwụọla mgbe ọ rutere.
[[Usòrò:Jean-Michel_Basquiat_-_grave.jpg|thumb|Ili Basquiat na Green-Wood Cemetery na Brooklyn, New York]]
E liri Basquiat na Green-Wood Cemetery nke Brooklyn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Basquiat-2019&quot;&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=qz9xDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Greenwood|title=Basquiat-isms|date=June 4, 2019|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-19283-3|pages=112–113|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mere emume olili ozu na Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel na August 17, 1988. [1] Ndị ezinụlọ na ezigbo ndị enyi bịara ememe olili ozu ahụ, gụnyere Keith Haring, Francesco Clemente, Glenn O'Brien, na onye bụbu enyi nwanyị Basquiat bụ Paige Powell.[1]&lt;ref name=&quot;O'Brien-2017&quot;/&gt; Onye na-ere ihe osise bụ Jeffrey Deitch kwuru okwu otuto.

E mere emume ncheta ọha na eze na Saint Peter's Church na Nọvemba 3, 1988. &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-1988&quot; /&gt; Otu n'ime ndị ọkà okwu ahụ bụ Ingrid Sischy, onye dịka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Artforum matara Basquiat nke ọma ma nye iwu ka ọtụtụ isiokwu mara ọrụ ya n'ụwa niile. Suzanne Mallouk, onye bụbu enyi nwanyị Basquiat, kwughachiri akụkụ nke &quot;Poem for Basquiat&quot; nke A. R. Penck na enyi ya Fab 5 Freddy gụrụ uri nke Langston Hughes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first=Phoebe|author=Hoban|title=Basquiat: A Quick Killing in Art|chapter=One. Overdosing on Art|publisher=Viking|isbn=0-670-85477-8|date=1988|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/hoban-basquiat.html|accessdate=June 18, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ọbịa 300 gụnyere ndị egwu John Lurie na Arto Lindsay, Keith Haring, onye na-ede uri David Shapiro, Glenn O'Brien, na ndị otu egwu mbụ nke Basquiat bụ Gray.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT-1988&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=November 3, 1988|title=Basquiat Memorial|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/03/arts/basquiat-memorial.html|accessdate=November 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iji cheta onye omenkà ahụ nwụrụ anwụ, Keith Haring mepụtara ihe osise A Pile of Crowns maka Jean-Michel Basquiat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Robin|author=Muir|date=May 7, 1999|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/keith-haring-1092216.html|title=Keith Haring|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=December 29, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'akwụkwọ ọnwụ Haring dere maka ''Vogue'', o kwuru, sị: &quot;Ọ mepụtara n'ezie ọrụ ndụ n'ime afọ iri. N'anya, anyị na-eche ihe ọzọ ọ nwere ike mepụta, ihe magburu onwe ya ndị ọnwụ ya ghọgburu anyị, mana eziokwu ahụ bụ na o mepụtara ọrụ zuru ezu iji mee ka ọgbọ ndị na-abịa nwee mmasị. Ọ bụ naanị ugbu a ka ndị mmadụ ga-amalite ịghọta oke nke onyinye ya. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Haring|first=Keith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7MXaDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=He+truly+created+a+lifetime+of+works+in+ten+years.+Greedily%2C+we+wonder+what+else+he+might+have+created%2C+what+masterpieces+we+have+been+cheated+out+of+by+his+death&amp;pg=PA103|title=Haring-isms|date=September 29, 2020|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-20985-2|pages=103|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lindy|first=Percival|date=November 22, 2019|title=Keith Haring and Jean-Michel Basquiat: art stars who shone too briefly|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|url=https://www.smh.com.au/culture/art-and-design/keith-haring-and-jean-michel-basquiat-art-stars-who-shone-too-briefly-20191114-p53aly.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Onye na-enyocha nka Franklin Sirmans nyochara na Basquiat wepụtara uri, eserese, na eserese, ma lụọ ederede na onyinyo, abstraction, figuration, na ozi akụkọ ihe mere eme agwakọta na nkatọ nke oge a. Nkọwa mmekọrịta ọha na eze ya bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke ihu na ihu na nkatọ ha na-akatọ ọchịchị na nkwado maka ọgụ nke ndị otu.[1] Ọ chọpụtakwara ihe nketa nka sitere na isi mmalite dị iche iche, gụnyere ajụjụ gbasara ọdịnala oge ochie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Connolly|first=Serena|date=January 2018|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat and Antiquity|journal=Article Navigation Jean-Michel Basquiat and Antiquity Get Access Arrow Serena Connolly Classical Receptions Journal|volume=10|issue=1|pages=1–20|doi=10.1093/crj/clx012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Fred Hoffman na-ekwu na ihe dị n'ime njirimara onwe onye nke Basquiat dị ka onye na-ese ihe bụ &quot;ikike ebumpụta ụwa iji rụọ ọrụ dị ka ihe dị ka Onye amụma, na-eme ka nghọta ya banyere ụwa dị n'èzí ruo n'ihe ha bụ isi ha ma, n'aka nke ya, na-egosi ha n'èstre site n'omume okike ya&quot;,  nakwa na nka ya lekwasịrị anya na &quot;nkewa dị iche iche iche&quot; ugboro ugboro dị ka akụ na ịda ogbenye, njikọta na nkewa, na nke dị n'etiti, na nkewa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASX-2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hoffman|first=Fred|date=December 22, 2013|title=Notes on Five Key Jean-Michel Basquiat Works|url=https://americansuburbx.com/2013/12/five-key-basquiat-works.html|accessdate=June 18, 2023|work=American Suburb X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ASX-2013&quot; /&gt;

== Mmekọahụ ==
Basquiat nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị, gụnyere onye na-agụ egwu Madonna. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Madonna|date=1996-03-05|title=Me, Jean-Michel, love and money|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-guardian-me-jean-michel-love-and-m/137357501/|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=The Guardian|pages=9}}&lt;/ref&gt; [259] Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ kpughere n'ihu ọha dị ka nwoke na nwanyị, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị enyi ya ekwuola na ya na ụmụ nwoke nwere mmekọahụ.[260][261] Onye bụbu enyi nwanyị Basquiat bụ Suzanne Mallouk kọwara Mmasị mmekọahụ ya dị ka &quot;ọ bụghị monochromatic. Ọ dabere na mkpali anya, dị ka nwa agbọghọ mara mma. Ọ bụ mmekọahụ nwere ọtụtụ àgwà. Ọ masịrị ya ndị mmadụ maka ihe dị iche iche. Ha nwere ike ịbụ ụmụ nwoke, ụmụ agbọghọ, dị gịrịgịrị, abụba, mara mma, ihe ọjọọ ... Ọ masịrị ọgụgụ isi karịa ihe ọ bụla na ihe mgbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clement-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Clement|first=Jennifer|date=December 15, 2014|title=What It Was Like to Be Basquiat's Lover|url=https://www.vulture.com/2014/12/what-it-was-like-to-be-basquiats-lover.html|accessdate=December 5, 2021|work=Vulture|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ Phoebe Hoban dere banyere ahụmahụ mmekọahụ mbụ nke Basquiat, nke ya na ụmụ nwoke.[263] Mgbe Basquiat bụ nwata na Puerto Rico, onye na-akpụ isi yi uwe na-eyi uwe na-edina ya n'ike, mgbe ahụ, ya na deejay na-emekọrịta ihe.[20] Onye na-enyocha nka Rene Ricard, onye nyere aka ịmalite ọrụ Basquiat, kwuru na Basquiat nọ n'ihe niile ma &quot;gbanwere aghụghọ&quot; na Condado Ógbè ọ bi na Puerto Rico. Dị ka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma, Basquiat gwara enyi ya na ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye akwụna na 42nd Street na Manhattan mgbe ọ gbapụrụ n'ụlọ.[26] Andy Warhol kwuru na Basquiat jụrụ iso ya na Keith Haring gaa Rounds, ụlọ mmanya na-eme enyi nwoke, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lambert|first=Bruce|date=1994-09-04|title=NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: MIDTOWN; Gay Bar Shut in 'Loop'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/04/nyregion/neighborhood-report-midtown-gay-bar-shut-in-loop.html|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'ihi na ọ weghachiri ihe ọjọọ mgbe ọ na-eme egwuregwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Warhol|first=Andy|url=https://archive.org/details/andywarholdiarie00warh/page/594/mode/2up|title=The Andy Warhol Diaries|publisher=Warner Books|year=1989|isbn=978-0-446-51426-2|location=New York|pages=594}} Entry date: Thursday, August 7, 1984.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Nketa ==
[[Usòrò:Place_Jean-Michel_Basquiat,_Paris,_FRANCE.jpg|thumb|Ebe Jean-Michel Basquiat dị na Paris]]
Nna ya, Gerard Basquiat, na-elekọta ala Basquiat ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fanelli-2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20130905/boerum-hill/jean-michel-basquiats-dad-leaves-behind-sons-art-tax-problem/|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat's Dad Leaves Behind Son's Art, and Tax Problem|work=DNAinfo New York|accessdate=April 19, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420073914/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20130905/boerum-hill/jean-michel-basquiats-dad-leaves-behind-sons-art-tax-problem/|archivedate=April 20, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ụmụnne ya nwanyị, Jeanine Heriveaux na Lisane Basquiat na-achịkwa ya ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Basquiat Sisters on Managing One of Art's Hottest Brands – The Journal. – WSJ Podcasts|url=https://www.wsj.com/podcasts/the-journal/the-basquiat-sisters-on-managing-one-of-art-hottest-brands/4355329b-cadb-4424-bc6b-3b204aa587f7|accessdate=April 19, 2022|work=WSJ|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ya nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na nka n'okporo ámá na ihe nkiri hip hop,  a hụkwara ya dị ka mmetụta na ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe n'oge a gụnyere Banksy, Shepard Fairey, na Halim Flowers.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/24/arts/design/basquiat-street-artists-hip-hop.html|title=How Basquiat and Street Artists Left Their Mark on Hip-Hop Culture|work=New York Times|date=2021-06-24|accessdate=2024-03-16|first=Julianne|author=McShane}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WBP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wpbmagazine.com/halim-flowers-blossoming-bouquet-flowers/|title=A Blossoming Bouquet of Flowers|work=WBP Magazine|date=2021-05-26|accessdate=2024-03-16|first=Bruce|author=Helander}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://andipaeditions.com/blog/164-the-influence-of-jean-michel-basquiat-in-popular-culture/|title=The Influence of Jean-Michel Basquiat in Popular Culture|work=Andipa Editions|date=2023-09-14|accessdate=2024-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2015, e gosipụtara Basquiat n'ihu Vanity Fair's Art and Artists Special Edition . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sischy|first=Ingrid|date=November 2015|title=For the Love of Basquiat|url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2015/11/for-the-love-of-basquiat|accessdate=April 5, 2021|work=Vanity Fair {{!}} The Complete Archive|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2016, Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation debere ihe ncheta na-echeta ndụ Basquiat n'èzí ebe obibi mbụ ya na 57 Great Jones Street na Manhattan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Meier|first=Allison|date=July 14, 2016|title=Basquiat's Former Home and Studio Gets a Permanent Plaque|url=https://hyperallergic.com/311137/basquiats-former-home-and-studio-gets-a-permanent-plaque/|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2017, onye isi ala obodo Eric Adams nyere Basquiat mkpịsị ugodi nke obodo Brooklyn ma sọpụrụ ya na Celebrity Path na Brooklyn Botanic Garden . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=McGoldrick •|first=Meaghan|date=June 22, 2017|title=Fabolous, Jean-Michel Basquiat awarded &quot;keys to Brooklyn&quot; during arts weekend|url=https://brooklynreporter.com/2017/06/fabolous-jean-michel-basquiat-awarded-keys-to-brooklyn-during-arts-weekend/|accessdate=April 21, 2022|work=The Brooklyn Home Reporter|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe nkiri, telivishọn na ihe nkiri ===
Basquiat pụtara na Downtown 81, ihe nkiri vérité nke Glenn O'Brien dere ma Edo Bertoglio gbara ya na 1980-81, mana ewepụtaghị ya ruo n'afọ 2000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cassell|first=Dessane Lopez|date=November 6, 2019|title=The Bittersweet Nostalgia of Watching Basquiat in Downtown 81|url=https://hyperallergic.com/526976/the-bittersweet-nostalgia-of-watching-basquiat-in-downtown-81/|accessdate=October 30, 2020|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Without Walls: Shooting Star, ihe ngosi Britain nke Geoff Dunlop banyere ndụ Basquiat, gosipụtara na Channel 4 na 1990. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hurst|first=Andrew|date=1990-11-28|title=The writing on the wall|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/huddersfield-daily-examiner-jean-michel/138485121/|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=Huddersfield Daily Examiner|pages=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1996, onye na-ese ihe Julian Schnabel mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya na ihe nkiri ''Baskiat''. Ọ na-egosi Jeffrey Wright dị ka Basquiat na David Bowie dị ka Andy Warhol . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Weinreich|first=Regina|date=August 11, 1996|title=Schnabel Becomes a Director To Film the Life of Basquiat|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/11/nyregion/schnabel-becomes-a-director-to-film-the-life-of-basquiat.html|accessdate=December 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jean-Michel Basquiat: The Radiant Child, ihe nkiri nke Tamra Davis duziri, gosipụtara na 2010 Sundance Film Festival ma gosipụta ya na usoro PBS Independent Lens na 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=January 21, 2010|title=Sundance '10 {{!}} Tamra Davis Revisits the Life of Jean-Michel Basquiat|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2010/01/sundance-10-tamra-davis-revisits-the-life-of-jean-michel-basquiat-245926/|accessdate=February 9, 2022|work=IndieWire|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pbs&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Davis|first=Tamra|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat: The Radiant Child|url=https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/jean-michel-basquiat/|work=Independent Lens|publisher=PBS|accessdate=March 30, 2011|authorlink=Tamra Davis|format=One of the &quot;Film Topics&quot; sub-sections on the Independent Lens website and the documentary of the same name they describe|quote=Tamra Davis explains why she locked her footage of her friend Basquiat in a drawer for two decades, and what it took to be sure a film about him took the full measure of the man.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sara Driver duziri ihe nkiri Boom for Real: The Late Teenage Years of Jean-Michel Basquiat, nke gosipụtara na 2017 Toronto International Film Festival.&lt;ref name=&quot;N'Duka-2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2017/09/boom-for-real-clip-sara-driver-documentary-jean-michel-basquiat-toronto-film-festival-1202164675/|title='Boom For Real' Clip: Sara Driver's Documentary On Famed Artist Jean-Michel Basquiat – Toronto|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|first=Amanda|author=N'Duka|date=September 8, 2017|accessdate=January 17, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2018, PBS gosipụtara ihe ngosi Basquiat: Rage to Riches dị ka akụkụ nke usoro American Masters. &lt;ref name=&quot;pbs2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=R|first=Cindy|date=2018-08-02|title=Basquiat: Rage to Riches ~ About the Film &amp;#124; American Masters &amp;#124; PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/basquiat-rage-riches-documentary/10456/|accessdate=2023-01-08|work=American Masters|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Egwú ===
N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọnwụ Basquiat gasịrị, onye na-akpọ ụbọ Vernon Reid nke otu egwu funk metal Living Colour dere abụ a na-akpọ &quot;Desperate People&quot;, nke e wepụtara na album ha Vivid. Abụ ahụ na-ekwu maka ọgwụ ọjọọ nke New York n'oge ahụ. Reid sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ dee abụ ahụ mgbe ọ natara oku ekwentị site n'aka Greg Tate na-agwa ya banyere ọnwụ Basquiat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJZtyMbiNl4|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308064506/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJZtyMbiNl4|archivedate=March 8, 2017|title=Living Colour – Interview with Vernon Reid|author=GuitarManiaEU|date=March 30, 2013|accessdate=December 29, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2014, Mkpughe 13:18 wepụtara egwu &quot;Old School&quot; nke gosipụtara Jean-Michel Basquiat, yana abọm akpọrọ Mkpughe 13:18. Ụbọchị ntọhapụ nke &quot;Old School&quot; dakọtara na ncheta ọnwụ Basquiat. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jean-michel-basquiat-mn0000651659|title=Jean-Michel Basquiat {{!}} Album Discography|work=AllMusic|language=en-us|accessdate=January 8, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2020, ndị otu egwu rock nke New York bụ Strokes jiri ihe osise Basquiat bụ Bird on Money (1981) dị ka ihe osise mkpuchi maka abọm ha bụ The New Abnormal . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Horton|first=Ross|date=April 12, 2020|title=The Strokes – The New Abnormal|url=https://www.musicomh.com/reviews/albums/the-strokes-the-new-abnormal|accessdate=April 4, 2021|work=musicOMH|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:1960 births]]</text>
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[[File:Miles-long-2011-AVN-awards.jpg|thumb|Ogologo Maịlị]]
'''Miles Long''' (amuru na Nọvemba 4, 1968) bụ onye ntụzi America, [1] onye na-ahụ ihe, [1] omee, onye edemede, [2] onye na-ese foto [3] na onye nwe akara ngosi. . &lt;ref name=&quot;AVNmags&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Magazine Covers|publisher=AVN.com|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/novelty/miles-long-continues-to-grow-photography-career-other-ventures-594373.html|accessdate=2015-03-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;AVNEDM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Miles Long's EDM Label Announces Chip E. Appearances|publisher=AVN.com|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/miles-longs-edm-label-announces-chip-e-appearance-769124.html|accessdate=2018-11-14|archivedate=2018-11-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114225025/https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/miles-longs-edm-label-announces-chip-e-appearance-769124.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị Mainstream ==
Ogologo oge gụsịrị akwụkwọ na UC Berkeley na Degree na Legal Studies ma bụrụ onye MENSA kemgbe ọ bụ nwata, ihe ịrịba ama nke a na-ekwu maka ya na N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya maka Cover of Forbes [[Morocco]] na December 2023, &lt;ref name=&quot;Forbes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Multifaceted Journey of Miles Long: Breaking Barriers and Redefining Success|publisher=Forbes|url=https://forbesmorocco.com/2023/12/19/the-multifaceted-journey-of-miles-long-breaking-barriers-and-redefining-success/|accessdate=2024-01-11|archivedate=2024-01-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111195328/https://forbesmorocco.com/2023/12/19/the-multifaceted-journey-of-miles-long-breaking-barriers-and-redefining-success/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya maka Cover of CEO Times na Febụwarị 2024, &lt;ref name=&quot;CEOTimes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Miles Long: The Visionary Shaping Success Beyond Limits|publisher=CEO Times|url=https://ceotimesmag.com/leadership/miles-long-the-visionary-shaping-success-beyond-limits/|accessdate=2024-02-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana ajụjụ ọnụ ya maka mkpuchi akwụkwọ akụkọ Los Angeles na Machị 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;LosAngelesMag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Unveiling Miles Long: A Connoisseur of Limitless Possibilities|publisher=CEO Times|url=https://losangelesmag.com/unveiling-miles-long-a-connoisseur-of-limitless-possibilities/|accessdate=2024-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọchịchọ ya maka Dance Music mere ka ọ mepee Ndekọ Ndekọ ya, nke na-elekwasị anya na EDM na House Music DJs and Artists, yana Social Media Management na Branding. The Label, Sights &amp; Sounds Productions, emela ọtụtụ ihe omume na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ abalị na ebe egwuregwu na US. &lt;ref name=&quot;EDM 1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Miles Long Shoots Billboard for MGM Grand Las Vegas|publisher=AVN|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/miles-long-shoots-billboard-for-mgm-grand-las-vegas-731191.html|accessdate=2024-01-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;EDM 2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Miles Long's EDM Label Announces Chip E. Appearances|publisher=AVN|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/miles-longs-edm-label-announces-chip-e-appearance-769124.html|accessdate=2024-01-11|archivedate=2018-11-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114225025/https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/miles-longs-edm-label-announces-chip-e-appearance-769124.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;EDM 3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Miles Long Co-Sponsoring FHM Magazine Release Party Tonight|publisher=AVN|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/miles-long-co-sponsoring-fhm-magazine-release-party-oct-12-922245.html|accessdate=2024-01-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;EDM 4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nikki Phoenix Co-Hosts Party, Radio Show as Directorial Debut 'Candy Lickers' Streets From Juicy|publisher=AVN|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/Nikki-Phoenix-Co-Hosts-Party-Radio-Show-as-Directorial-Debut-Candy-Lickers-Streets-From-Juicy-604086.html|accessdate=2024-01-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;EDM 5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=AEE 2016 - AVN Show Party at Foxtail Nightclub|publisher=AVN|url=https://avn.com/galleries/AEE-2016-AVN-Show-Party-at-Foxtail-Nightclub-629104|accessdate=2024-01-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;EDM 6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nikki Phoenix's Jackeld Phoenix Event at CliQue|publisher=AVN|url=https://avn.com/galleries/nikki-phoenixs-jackeld-phoenix-event-at-clique-717645|accessdate=2024-01-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2021 Long malitere ijikọta foto ya, eserese vidiyo na imepụta ihe ngosi maka asọmpi Lingerie Fighting, mmemme MMA na mgba PPV ụmụ nwanyị niile nke bidoro ọwa nke ya na netwọkụ Roku. &lt;ref name=&quot;Roku&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=LFC Network on Roku|publisher=Roku|url=https://channelstore.roku.com/en-gb/details/7c200a43c78d889bf769ccc8c2be1726/lfc-networka|accessdate=2022-05-25|archivedate=2023-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811161245/https://channelstore.roku.com/en-gb/details/7c200a43c78d889bf769ccc8c2be1726/lfc-networka}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ngosi ya, ''Modz &amp; Bodz'' nwetara ọtụtụ ajụjụ ọnụ na-atụle mmasị ya maka iwu ụgbọ ala ngosi omenala na igosi igwe kwụ otu ebe mgbe ọ naghị achụso ịhụnanya ya maka foto na mmepụta ihe nkiri. Ajụjụ ọnụ na ihe nkiri a pụtara na mbipụta n'ụwa nile gụnyere US, &lt;ref name=&quot;LA Weekly&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=ENTERTAINMENT ENTREPRENEUR MILES LONG LAUNCHES CAR SHOW FEATURING LINGERIE-CLAD MODELS|date=25 May 2022|publisher=LA Weekly|url=https://www.laweekly.com/entertainment-entrepreneur-miles-long-launches-car-show-featuring-lingerie-clad-models/|accessdate=2022-05-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; UK, &lt;ref name=&quot;Deadline News&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=EBUSINESS OWNER MILES LONG LAUNCHES CAR SHOW WITH A DIFFERENCE|date=28 April 2022|publisher=Deadline News|url=https://www.deadlinenews.co.uk/2022/04/28/business-owner-miles-long-launches-car-show-with-a-difference/|accessdate=2022-04-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singapore, &lt;ref name=&quot;IBT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Entertainment entrepreneur Miles Long launches car show featuring Lingerie-Clad models|work=International Business Times|date=22 April 2022|url=https://www.ibtimes.sg/entertainment-entrepreneur-miles-long-launches-car-show-featuring-lingerie-clad-models-64189|accessdate=2022-04-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp; [[Ndia|India]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;The WEEK&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=An entertainment entrepreneur is combining his two passions to create a car show with a difference|publisher=The WEEK|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2022/04/22/an-entertainment-entrepreneur-is-combining-his-two-passions-to-c.html|accessdate=2022-04-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malite na 2022, Long malitere ịgbapụ nke ukwuu maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Mainstream, yana foto ya gosipụtara n'ọtụtụ mkpuchi, okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu yana na Centerfolds nke akwụkwọ akụkọ a ma ama n'ụwa niile gụnyere FHM na Playboy . &lt;ref name=&quot;FHM1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachael Cavalli Scores Aussie FHM Cover &amp; Playboy Feature|publisher=AVN|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/rachael-cavalli-delights-with-aussie-fhm-cover-amp-playboy-feature-908037.html|accessdate=2022-06-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;FHM2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jenna Starr Graces Cover of 'FHM' Magazine - French Edition|publisher=AVN|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/jenna-starr-graces-cover-of-fhm-magazine-french-edition-908339.html|accessdate=2022-06-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;FHM3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Eva Long - Living the Dream|publisher=FHM South Africa|url=https://fhmsa.co.za/living-the-dream/|accessdate=2022-06-01|archivedate=2022-08-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810135557/https://fhmsa.co.za/living-the-dream/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Playboy 1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shay Lynn|publisher=Playboy South Africa|url=https://playboy.co.za/2022/07/01/sensual/|accessdate=2022-07-01|archivedate=2022-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013021252/https://playboy.co.za/2022/07/01/sensual/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;FHM4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exhilarating Sofie Marie|publisher=FHM Australia|url=https://fhmaustralia.com/2022/08/01/exhilarating/|accessdate=2022-08-01|archivedate=2022-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013021258/https://fhmaustralia.com/2022/08/01/exhilarating/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;FHM5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Good vibes Only Veronika Valentine|publisher=FHM Australia|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CjQroDGLA0y/?hl=en|accessdate=2022-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Playboy 3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=We Heart Angel Beau|publisher=Playboy Denmark|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CbzvWkDD-sn/|accessdate=2022-04-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Playboy 4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Miss Burlesque World 2022 Shimmy La Roux|publisher=Playboy Denmark|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CeRREQwA29Y/|accessdate=2022-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Playboy 5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exotic Hochi Bound|publisher=Playboy Afrika|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CeRaR7ZAogx/|accessdate=2022-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Playboy 6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Miles Long Receives NightMoves Lifetime Achievement Award|publisher=AVN|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/miles-long-receives-nightmoves-lifetime-achievement-award-910601.html|accessdate=2022-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;PBandFHM1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Miles Long Spotlights Tori Black on Playboy Africa, FHM Sweden|publisher=AVN|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/miles-long-spotlights-tori-black-on-playboy-africa-fhm-sweden-915591.html|accessdate=2023-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Septemba 2023, Long gbara Shimmy La Roux maka mkpuchi na Centerfold maka onye egwuregwu egwuregwu Playboy [[Denmark]] nke afọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;PMOY&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Playmate of the Year Shimmy La Roux|publisher=Playboy Denmark|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CwpqLENNUZI/|accessdate=2023-09-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'October 2023, Long Co kwadoro ma kwadoo otu FHM Magazine Release Party na Vegas na-egosipụta mkpokọta ụgbọ ala ya nke na-egosi na ihe ngosi ya ''Modz na Bodz'' yana Model ndị pụtara na mbipụta 2024 FHM Top 100. Getty Images na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ese foto na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi kpuchiri ihe omume a. &lt;ref name=&quot;FHMtop100&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Miles Long Co-Sponsoring FHM Magazine Release Party Tonight|publisher=AVN|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/miles-long-co-sponsoring-fhm-magazine-release-party-oct-12-922245.html|accessdate=2023-10-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Getty1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=FHM's &quot;Top 100 Sexiest Women In The World&quot; Issue Release Party|publisher=Getty|url=https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/fhms-top-100-sexiest-women-in-the-world-issue-release-party?assettype=image&amp;family=editorial&amp;phrase=FHM%27s%20%22Top%20100%20Sexiest%20Women%20In%20The%20World%22%20Issue%20Release%20Party&amp;events=776048438|accessdate=2023-10-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;AAIA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Miles Long Inducted Into AAIA Hall of Fame|publisher=AVN|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/miles-long-inducted-into-aaia-hall-of-fame-918499.html|accessdate=2023-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;Long began working as a photographer and director of photography for Michael Ninn.  [1] Long spent on mainstream TV in 2007 as director of photography of the television series Untold Stripclub Disclosure.  [2] In 2011, he kept his stage name and successfully sued a company that used his stage name to sell products without his license.  [3] In April 2020, Newsweek magazine interviewed him about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on his company.  [4] In 2021 he started writing articles as a reporter for NightMoves Magazine interviewing stars he knew personally for interviews that allowed him to show the private parts of the girls he was interviewing  .  [5] [6] He continues to make radio appearances, being on LATalkRadio with Amber Lynn [7] and Vivid Radio on SiriusXM with Christy Canyon [8] &amp; Lisa Ann .  [9] [10] In June 2021 he appeared on the UK TV show This Morning and talked about his career, personal life and love life.  In TV interviews and his articles related to the Daily Mirror [11] and LADBible [12] As of 20233 he was inducted into the AVN, NightMoves, AAIA, Urban X and XRCO Halls of Fame, winning NightMoves Triple.  Sports Award for excellence in more than one field and also received Lifetime Achievement Award.  [13] [14] He is the first non-Australian to be inducted into the Australian Adult Industry Awards.

== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;width: 20em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; vertical-align: middle;&quot;
|+&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt&quot;&gt;'''Ndepụta otuto nke Miles Long nwetara'''&lt;/span&gt; 
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |
{| class=&quot;collapsible collapsed&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #D9E8FF; text-align: center;&quot; | Ihe nrite na nhọpụta
|-
|- style=&quot;background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | '''Ihe nrite'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#cec; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;&quot; | '''meriri'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#fcd; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;&quot; | '''Ahọpụtara'''
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; AVN Awards 
|{{Won|4}}|{{Nom|55}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; Fleshbot Awards 
|{{Won|0}}|{{Nom|3}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; NightMoves Awards 
|{{Won|5}}|{{Nom|4}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; Ndị AAIA 
|{{Won|1}}|{{Nom|0}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; Ihe nrite XBIZ 
|{{Won|0}}|{{Nom|16}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; Ihe nrite XRCO 
|{{Won|1}}|{{Nom|10}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; Urban X Awards 
|{{Won|3}}|{{Nom|7}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; Ihe nrite Mmekọahụ 
|{{Won|0}}|{{Nom|1}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; IAFD Awards 
|{{Won|1}}|{{Nom|1}}
|}
|- style=&quot;background:#d9e8ff;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; '''Ngụkọta ọnụọgụ mmeri na nhọpụta''' 
|-|{{Won|'''Totals'''}}|{{Won|'''14'''}}|{{Nom|'''97'''}}
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Ceremony
!Result
!Category
!Work
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''2002'''
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.avnawards.com/nomin-list.html|title=This Year's Nominees|accessdate=2015-01-27|publisher=AVN Awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20011208103701/http://www.avnawards.com/nomin-list.html|archivedate=December 8, 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Best Music &lt;small&gt;(shared with Tommy Ganz)&lt;/small&gt;
|''Bad Wives 2''
|-
| {{Nom}}
|''Marissa''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''2006'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000010/2006/1?ref_=nmawd_ev_1|title=AVN AWARDS 2006 NOMINEES|accessdate=2022-11-15|publisher=IMDB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best New Video Production Company
|''Miles Long''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0852567/awards/|title=AVN AWARDS 2006 NOMINEES|accessdate=2022-11-15|publisher=IMDB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best All Girl Series
|''Muff 2''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''2007'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.avn.com/imagearchive/27/84/74/2784742007UpdatedNominations|title=AVN AWARDS 2007 NOMINEES|accessdate=2015-01-27|publisher=AVN Awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423104247/http://www.avn.com/imagearchive/27/84/74/2784742007UpdatedNominations|archivedate=April 23, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director – Non-Feature
|''Addicted Again''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=addicted+2/year=2006/addicted+2.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best All Sex Release
|''Addicted Again''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''2008'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=ties+that+bind+2/year=2007/ties+that+bind+2.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best All Sex Release
|''Ties That Bind 2''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=addicted+3/year=2007/addicted+3.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best High-End All Sex Release
|''Addicted 3''
|-
| {{Nom}}
|Best High Definition Release
|''Addicted 3''
|-
| {{Nom}}
|Best Editing
|''Addicted 3''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''2009'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=nylons+4/year=2008/nylons+4.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Continuing Series
|''Nylons 4''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=big+loves+4/year=2008/big+loves+4.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Gonzo Release
|''Big Loves 4''
|-
| {{Nom}}
|Best Gonzo Series
|''Big Loves''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=cougar+club+1/year=2008/cougar+club+1.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Won}}
|Best MILF Release
|''The Cougar Club''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |'''2010'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0840274/awards?ref_=tt_awd|title=IMDb Movie Awards Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Won}}
|Best All-Sex Series
|''Addicted''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=nylons+5/year=2009/nylons+5.htm|title=AVN Announces the Winners of the 2011 AVN Awards|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Foot/Leg Fetish Release
|''Nylons 5''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=addicted+6/year=2009/addicted+6.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best All Sex Series
|''Addicted 6''
|-
| {{Nom}}
|Best High-End All Sex Release
|''Addicted 6''
|-
| {{Nom}}
|Best Vignette Series
|''Addicted 6''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=cougar+club+2/year=2009/cougar+club+2.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best MILF Release
|''The Cougar Club 2''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;12&quot; |'''2011'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/director-miles-long-inducted-into-2011-avn-hall-of-fame-425936.html|title=Director Miles Long Inducted Into 2011 AVN Hall of Fame|accessdate=2011-02-04|date=2018-11-25|publisher=[[AVN (magazine)|AVN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Won}}
|Hall of Fame
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |AVN Award&lt;ref name=&quot;IAFD Movie Page&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=nylons+7/year=2010/nylons+7.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Foot/Leg Fetish Release
|''Nylons 7''
|-
| {{Nom}}
|Best Specialty Tape: Other Genre
|''Nylons 7''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=kittens+and+their+milf/year=2010/kittens+and+their+milf.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Older Woman/Younger Girl Movie
|''Kittens And Their MILF''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1667906/reference/|title=IMDB Movie Page|accessdate=2023-11-15|publisher=IMDB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Packaging Innovation
|''Vajazzled''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1623664/reference/|title=IMDB Movie Page|accessdate=2023-11-15|publisher=IMDB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best All Girl Group Sex Scene
|''Girlfriends 2''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1692228/reference/|title=IMDB Movie Page|accessdate=2023-11-15|publisher=IMDB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Anal Sex Scene
|''Upskirts 2''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Urban X Award
| {{Won}}
|Best Couples Sex Scene&lt;ref name=&quot;AVN Bio Page&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/porn-stars/miles-long-260024.html|title=Miles Long Bio Page|accessdate=2019-10-27|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|''Vajazzled''
|-
| {{Nom}}
|Best Gonzo Director&lt;ref name=&quot;IAFD Director Page&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=mileslong/gender=d/miles-long.htm|title=IAFD Director Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0002654/2011/1|title=IMDb Awards Show Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{n/a}}
|-
| {{Nom}}
|Director of the Year&lt;ref name=&quot;IAFD Director Page&quot; /&gt;
| {{n/a}}
|-
|XBIZ Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=mileslong/gender=d/miles-long.htm|title=IAFD Director Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0002080/2011/1|title=IMDb Awards Show Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Director of the Year - Body of Work
| {{n/a}}
|-
|XBIZ Award&lt;ref name=&quot;IAFD Movie Page&quot; /&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Gonzo Release of the Year
|''Nylons 7''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;15&quot; |'''2012'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref name=&quot;iafd.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=nylons+8/year=2010/nylons+8.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Won}}
|Best Foot/Leg Fetish Release
|''Nylons 8''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref name=&quot;iafd.com&quot; /&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director – Non Feature
|''Nylons 8''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=girlfriends+3/year=2011/girlfriends+3.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best All Girl Release
|''Girlfriends 3''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot; /&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best All Girl Group Sex Scene
|''Girlfriends 3''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=young+thighs+in+knee+highs+1/year=2010/young+thighs+in+knee+highs+1.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Foot/Leg Fetish Release
|''Young Thighs in Knee Highs''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=cougar+club+3+(ii)/year=2011/cougar+club+3+(ii).htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best MILF Release
|''The Cougar Club 3''
|-
|Urban X Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Urban-X-Awards-Announces-2012-Winners-482109.html|title=Urban X Awards Announces 2012 Winners|accessdate=2015-01-28|date=2012-06-22|publisher=[[AVN (magazine)|AVN]]|archivedate=2016-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319051237/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Urban-X-Awards-Announces-2012-Winners-482109.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Won}}
|Hall of Fame
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |XBIZ Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php|title=2012 Nominees|accessdate=2015-01-27|publisher=XBIZ Awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131025101/http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php|archivedate=January 31, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Director of the Year - Body of Work
| {{n/a}}
|-
| {{Nom}}
|Director of the Year - Individual Project
|''The Cougar Club 3''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |XBIZ Award&lt;ref name=&quot;iafd.com&quot; /&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Fetish Release of the Year
|''Nylons 8''
|-
| {{Nom}}
|Vignette Release of the Year
|''Nylons 8''
|-
|XBIZ Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=nooners/year=2011/nooners.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|All Sex Release of the Year
|''Nooners''
|-
|XBIZ Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=official+deal+or+no+deal+parody/year=2011/official+deal+or+no+deal+parody.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Parody Release of the Year
|''Official Deal or No Deal Parody''
|-
|XBIZ Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=sleazy+riders/year=2011/sleazy+riders.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Vignette Release of the Year
|''Sleazy Riders''
|-
|XRCO Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/XRCO-Announces-2012-Hall-of-Fame-Class-469121.html|title=XRCO Announces 2012 Hall of Fame Class|accessdate=2015-01-27|author=Peter Warren|date=2012-03-19|publisher=[[AVN (magazine)|AVN]]|archivedate=2013-01-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130130022923/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/XRCO-Announces-2012-Hall-of-Fame-Class-469121.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Won}}
|XRCO Hall of Fame
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |'''2013'''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=girlfriends+4/year=2012/girlfriends+4.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best All Girl Series
|''Girlfriends''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=nylons+9/year=2012/nylons+9.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Foot/Leg Fetish Release
|''Nylons 9''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=laid+in+lingerie+1/year=2011/laid+in+lingerie+1.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Foot/Leg Fetish Release
|''Laid In Lingerie''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=more+than+you+bargained+for/year=2012/more+than+you+bargained+for.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Vignette Release
|''More Than You Bargained For''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=cheerleaders+gone+bad+1/year=2012/cheerleaders+gone+bad+1.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Young Girl Release
|''Cheerleaders Gone Bad''
|-
|The Sex Awards&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=mileslong/gender=d/miles-long.htm|title=IAFD Director Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0002672/2013/1|title=IMDB Awards Show Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Favorite Director
| {{n/a}}
|-
|XBIZ Award&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Fetish Release of the Year
|''Nylons 9''
|-
|XBIZ Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=office+politics/year=2012/office+politics.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Vignette Release of the year
|''Office Politics''
|-
|XBIZ Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php|title=2013 Nominees|accessdate=2015-01-27|publisher=XBIZ Awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225104526/http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php|archivedate=December 25, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Director of the Year - Non-Feature Release
|''Office Politics''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''2014'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=girlfriends+5/year=2012/girlfriends+5.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best All Girl Series
|''Girlfriends''
|-
|XBIZ Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php|title=Nominees|accessdate=2015-01-27|publisher=XBIZ Awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101433/http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php|archivedate=October 6, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Director of the Year - Non-Feature Release
|''Angelic Asses''
|-
|XBIZ Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=angelic+asses/year=2013/angelic+asses.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|All Sex Release of the Year
|''Angelic Asses''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''2015'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/pages/4|title=2015 AVN Award Nominees|accessdate=2015-01-27|publisher=AVN Awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125015310/http://avnawards.avn.com/pages/4|archivedate=November 25, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Web Director
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |AVN Award&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=angelic+asses+3/year=2014/angelic+asses+3.htm|title=IAFD Movie Page|accessdate=2018-11-25|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Anal Series
|''Angelic Asses''
|-
| {{Nom}}
|Best Big Butt Release
|''Angelic Asses''
|-
|XBIZ Award&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot; /&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|All Sex Series of the Year
|''Angelic Asses''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''2016'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.die-screaming.com/2016-avn-award-nominees-54469/|title=AVN 2016 Nominees|date=21 November 2015|accessdate=2015-11-21|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best New Imprint
|''Little Dragon Pictures''
|-
|XRCO Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/xrco-announces-2016-nominations-649580.html|title=XRCO Announces 2016 Nominations|accessdate=2016-04-08|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director: Web
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''2018'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/nominees|title=AVN 2018 Nominees|accessdate=2018-01-27|publisher=AVN}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000010/2018/1|title=IMDb Awards Nominations Page|accessdate=2018-01-27|publisher=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Oral Movie
|''POV Mania #9''
|-
|XRCO Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/nominations-announced-for-2018-xrco-awards-773548.html|title=XRCO Announces 2018 Nominees|accessdate=2018-04-20|author=Peter Warren|date=2018-04-20|publisher=[[AVN (magazine)|AVN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Web Director
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Urban X Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0002654/2018/1|title=IMDb - 2018 Awards Show Nominees|accessdate=2018-04-20|author=IMDb|date=2018-11-14|publisher=[[IMDb]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Won}}
|Studio of the Year&lt;ref name=&quot;AVN Bio Page&quot; /&gt;
|''Bangbros''
|-
| {{Nom}}
|Best Girl Girl Release
|''Pussy Crazy 4''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |'''2019'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/nominees|title=AVN 2019 Nominees|accessdate=2018-11-16|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director - Web Channel/Site
| {{n/a}}
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/nominees|title=AVN 2019 Nominees|accessdate=2018-11-16|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Oral Movie
|''POV Mania #12''
|-
|XBIZ Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/240128/xbiz-announces-finalist-nominees-for-2019-xbiz-awards|title=XBIZ 2019 Nominees|date=15 November 2018|accessdate=2018-11-15|publisher=XBIZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Director or the Year - Web
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |XRCO Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/243622/2019-xrco-award-nominees-announced|title=XRCO Awards Nominees Announced|date=23 April 2019|accessdate=2019-04-25|publisher=XBIZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director - Non Feature
|{{n/a}}
|-
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director - Web
|{{n/a}}
|-
|IAFD Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://blog.iafd.com/2019/05/13/and-the-2019-spank-bank-award-goes-to/|title=IAFD Announces 2019 Winners|accessdate=2019-06-26|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Won}}
|Director or the Year - Web
| {{n/a}}
|-
|NightMoves Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://aan.xxx/27th-annual-nightmoves-awards-were-a-huge-success/|title=Winners for 27th Annual NightMoves Awards|accessdate=2019-10-14|publisher=Nightmoves Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/winners-announced-of-27th-annual-nightmoves-awards-849603.html|title=Winners Announced Of 27th Annual NightMoves Awards|accessdate=2019-10-14|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Won}}
|Triple Play Award
| {{n/a}}
|-
|NightMoves Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/245428/nominees-for-27th-annual-nightmoves-awards-announced|title=Nominees for 27th Annual NightMoves Awards Announced|date=15 July 2019|accessdate=2019-07-15|publisher=XBIZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Non-Feature Director
| {{n/a}}
|-
|Urban X Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/miles-long-receives-urban-x-awards-director-of-year-nomination-836291.html|title=AVN Announces 2019 Urban X Director Nominees|accessdate=2019-06-21|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Director of the Year
| {{n/a}}
|-
|Urban X Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://aiwards.com/news/urban-x-awards-2019-nominations-full-list-revealed|title=Urban X Awards 2019 Nominations Full List Revealed|accessdate=2019-06-22|publisher=AIwards}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Studio of the Year
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |'''2020'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/nominees|title=AVN 2020 Nominees|accessdate=2019-11-22|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director - Web Channel/Site
| {{n/a}}
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/nominees|title=AVN 2020 Nominees|accessdate=2019-11-22|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Oral Production
|''POV Mania #20''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/nominees|title=AVN 2020 Nominees|accessdate=2019-11-22|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Gonzo Production
|''Full Service POV #7''
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/nominees|title=AVN 2020 Nominees|accessdate=2019-11-22|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best POV Sex Scene
|''Shooting With Sexy Eliza Ibarra'' / Eliza Ibarra &amp; Miles Long
|-
|IAFD Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://blog.iafd.com/2020/05/28/the-2020-spank-bank-award-nominations/|title=IAFD Announces 2020 Nominees|accessdate=2020-06-02|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Director or the Year - Web
| {{n/a}}
|-
|NightMoves Award&lt;ref name=&quot;avn.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/voting-for-the-the-28th-annual-nightmoves-awards-started-886387.html|title=Nominees for 28th Annual NightMoves Awards Announced|accessdate=2020-08-17|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Non-Feature Director
| {{n/a}}
|-
|NightMoves Award&lt;ref name=&quot;avn.com&quot; /&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Fetish/Taboo/Specialty Release
|''Are You Rough Enough #4''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |XRCO Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/xrco-awards-announces-2020-nominees-in-video-on-avn-stars-890600.html|title=XRCO Awards Nominees Announced|accessdate=2020-11-07|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director - Web
|{{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |'''2021'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/2021_nominees|title=AVN 2021 Nominees|accessdate=2020-11-19|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director - Web Channel/Site
| {{n/a}}
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/2021_nominees|title=AVN 2021 Nominees|accessdate=2020-11-19|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best POV Sex Scene
|''Luna's 5 Star Vacation Day 1'' - Luna Star &amp; Miles Long
|-
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/2021_nominees|title=AVN 2021 Nominees|accessdate=2020-11-19|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Double-Penetration Sex Scene
|''Brooklyn Chase''
|-
|Nightmoves Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2021-nightmoves-dates-announced-901877.html|title=Nightmoves 2021 Nominees|accessdate=2021-07-29|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best All Sex/ Gonzo Release
|''POV Mania #21''
|-
|Nightmoves Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2021-nightmoves-award-winners-announced-903127.html|title=Nightmoves 2021 Winners|accessdate=2021-10-12|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Won}}
|Hall of Fame
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |XRCO Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/xrco-announces-2021-award-nominees-902859.html|title=XRCO Announces 2021 Award Nominees|accessdate=2020-09-22|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director - Web
|{{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Fleshbot Awards&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2021-fleshbot-awards-nominees-announced-903261.html|title=2021 Fleshbot Awards Nominees Announced|accessdate=2021-10-20|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Director of the Year
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''2022'''
|AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/2022_nominees|title=AVN 2022 Nominees|accessdate=2021-11-18|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director - Banner/Network
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |XRCO Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/xrco-announces-nominees-for-2022-xrco-awards-906954.html|title=XRCO Announces 2022 Award Nominees|accessdate=2022-04-07|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director - Web
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |NightMoves Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/winners-of-30th-annual-nightmoves-awards-announced-910567.html|title=30th annual Nightmoves Awards Announces 2022 Award Winners|accessdate=2022-10-11|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Won}}
|Lifetime Achievement
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Fleshbot Awards&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/nominees-announced-for-2022-fleshbot-awards-910486.html|title=Nominees Announced for 2022 Fleshbot Awards|accessdate=2022-10-11|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Director of the Year
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |'''2023'''
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/2023_nominees|title=AVN 2023 Nominees|accessdate=2022-11-06|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director - Non-Narrative
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/2023_nominees|title=AVN 2023 Nominees|accessdate=2022-11-06|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Mainstream Venture
| {{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/2023_nominees|title=AVN 2023 Nominees|accessdate=2022-11-06|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Solo/Tease Performance
|''When Girls Are Alone''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |AAI Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/press-release/video/miles-long-inducted-into-aaia-hall-of-fame-918499.html|title=Miles Long Inducted Into AAIA Hall of Fame|accessdate=2023-05-15|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Won}}
|Hall of Fame
|{{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Urban X Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iafd.com/person.rme/perfid=mileslong/gender=d/miles-long.htm|title=IAFD performer awards page|accessdate=2023-06-29|publisher=IAFD}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Director of the Year
|{{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |XRCO Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/xrco-announces-nominations-for-39th-annual-awards-show-918040.html|title=XRCO Announces 2023 Award Nominees|accessdate=2023-04-28|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director - Web
|{{n/a}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Fleshbot Awards&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fleshbot.com/8976662/the-nominees-for-the-2023-fleshbot-awards/|title=Nominees Announced for 2023 Fleshbot Awards|date=19 October 2023|accessdate=2023-10-20|publisher=Fleshbot}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Oral Scene
|''POV Mania #22'' / Miles Long &amp; Kay Carter
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |NightMoves Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nightmovesonline.com/the-nightmoves-awards-history/|title=31st annual Nightmoves Awards Announces 2023 Award Winners|accessdate=2023-11-15|publisher=Nightmoves}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Won}}
|Best All Girl Release
|''Kenzie Loves Girls''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''2024'''
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/2024_nominees|title=AVN 2024 Nominees|accessdate=2023-11-14|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best All Girl Release
|''Kenzie Loves Girls''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |AVN Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/2024_nominees|title=AVN 2024 Nominees|accessdate=2023-11-14|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Mainstream Venture
|''Modz And Bodz''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |XRCO Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/nominees-announced-for-40th-annual-xrco-awards-930181.html|title=XRCO Announces 2024 Award Nominees|accessdate=2024-04-07|publisher=AVN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{Nom}}
|Best Director - Web
|{{n/a}}
|-
|}

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>pfq7o8jwuymuuotou01h5acjdiukap4</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Sally Mursi</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Sally Mursi''' ( [[Arabic|ar]] : سالي مرسي, amụrụ Machị 30, 1968) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na nwanyị transgender Egypt. Ịwa ahụ n'ịwagharị mmekọahụ ya na 1988 bụ isi iyi nke esemokwu na ikpe [[Egypt|n'Ijipt]] .

== Mgbanwe ==
Tupu ọ na-arụ ọrụ ahụike, Mursi gakwuru onye ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ [[Salwa Jirjis Labib|bụ Salwa Jirjis Labib]] wee mee ọgwụgwọ mgbanwe afọ atọ, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị Labib zigara ya dọkịta na-awa ahụ. A gara n'ihu ziga Mursi na dọkịta dọkịta na-awa plastik [[Ezzat Ashamallah]], bụ onye kwuputara na nchoputa nke &quot;psychological hermaphroditism&quot; ma nye ya ọgwụgwọ nnọchi homonụ maka otu afọ tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ ịwa ahụ na Jenụwarị 29, 1988. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jakob 1995&quot; /&gt;

N'otu oge ahụ, Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy weputara Fatwa, na-aghọta na Sally Mursi chọrọ ịwa ahụ maka ahụike ya nakwa na ọ bụ iwu ime mmụọ ịgbanwe mmekọahụ maka ndị transgender, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị dọkịta ha kwuru na ha chọrọ ya. Mana o kwuru na tupu Mursi enwee ike ịwa ahụ, ọ ga-agbaso iwu niile nke islam maka ụmụ nwanyị n'ime otu afọ, ma ewezuga nke gbasara alụmdi na nwunye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mazloum|first=Nadine|date=2017-02-19|title=These trans Arab women challenge social norms in a big way|url=https://stepfeed.com/these-trans-arab-women-challenge-social-norms-in-a-big-way-1541|accessdate=2022-05-30|work=StepFeed|language=en|archivedate=2018-09-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911002513/https://stepfeed.com/these-trans-arab-women-challenge-social-norms-in-a-big-way-1541}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agha iwu ==
Mursi gụrụ ọgwụ na Mahadum Al-Azhar mgbe a kwụsịrị ya, tupu mgbanwe, maka iyi uwe ụmụ nwanyị. Mgbe ọ laghachiri ka ọ gafesịrị mgbanwe, a chụpụrụ ya na mahadum malitere ịlụso dibịa ya, Ashamallah ọgụ n'iwu, na-eme ka ewepụ ya na Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọgwụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/TSsuccesses/Sally%20Mursi/Sally's%20story%20-%20The%20Magazine%20of%20Egypt.htm|title=Egypt Today - The Magazine of Egypt|work=ai.eecs.umich.edu|accessdate=2018-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị otu ahụ rịọrọ fatwa na ikpe sitere n'aka Sheikh Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy, bụ onye họpụtara okwu ahụ dị ka ọnọdụ ahụike yana dabere na uche dọkịta. Al-Azhar wetara okwu ahụ megide Ashamallah n'ụlọ ikpe, bụ nke a na-eme Sally nyocha zuru oke. Onye nyocha ahụ kwenyere na nchoputa ahụ wee tọhapụ Ashamallah. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jakob 1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jakob|first=Skovguard-Peterson|date=1995-04-01|title=Sex Change in Cairo: Gender and Islamic Law|journal=Journal of the International Institute|language=en|volume=2|issue=3|issn=1558-741X}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJakob1995&quot;&gt;Jakob, Skovguard-Peterson (1995-04-01). &quot;Sex Change in Cairo: Gender and Islamic Law&quot;. ''Journal of the International Institute''. '''2''' (3). [[HDl (ihe nchọpụta)|hdl]]:[[hdl:2027/spo.4750978.0002.302|2027/spo.4750978.0002.302]]. [[ISSN (ihe nchọpụta)|ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[[issn:1558-741X|1558-741X]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Maryam Khatoon Molkara, bụ onye gbara otu ikpe na fatwa na Iran

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>lm9ha13hqynpua26gte61awzfic80tw</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sara Gubara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>46210</id>
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 {{Databox}}

'''Sara Gadallah Gubara Al-Faki Ibrahim''' ( Arabic    &lt;/link&gt; ; amuru 23 Eprel 1956) bu onye egwu egwu ndi Sudan na onye isi ihe nkiri. Ọ bụ nwanyị Sudan mbụ sonyere n'asọmpi igwu mmiri nke mba ụwa, dị ka asọmpi igwu mmiri dị ogologo nke Capri International na Italy, na nwanyị Sudan mbụ gbagoro n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Bekee gaa [[France]], n'agbanyeghị na ọ butere polio n'oge ọ bụ nwata. N'ịga n'ihu na ọrụ ndụ ya dị ka nwanyị na-eme egwuregwu, a bịara mara ya dị ka onye ọsụ ụzọ na-eme ihe nkiri na obodo ya, na-enyere nna ya, [[Gadalla Gubara]] aka na mbụ, ma mesịa na-eduzi ihe nkiri nke ya.

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Sara Gadalla na Helat Hamd, Khartoum Bahri, na 23 Eprel 1956. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rouba.Abuamu|title=سارة جاد الله.. &quot;أفضل إنسانة في الدنيا&quot; وبطلة سباحة|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%22%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%22-%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9|accessdate=4 February 2023|work=Alaraby.co.uk/|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya, Gadalla Gubara, bụ onye ọsụ ụzọ Sudanese ese foto, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri, onye nduzi na onye na-ese foto. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=10 December 2015|title=معرض(حياتي و السينما ) عن حياة و أعمال السينمائي جاد الله جبارة {{!}} صحيفة ريبورتاج الالكترونية|url=https://www.reportagesd.net/?p=2731|accessdate=4 February 2023|language=ar|archivedate=4 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204011903/https://www.reportagesd.net/?p=2731}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ, ọ rịara ọrịa polio, nke mere ka ụkwụ aka ekpe ya mebie. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=كيف تغلبت فتاة من السودان على شلل الأطفال لتصبح بطلة دولية في السباحة|url=https://www.unicef.org/sudan/ar/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B5|accessdate=4 February 2023|work=www.unicef.org|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=von Schroeder|first=Katharina|date=27 August 2015|title=Studio Gad: the value of visual memory|url=http://worldpolicy.org/2015/08/27/studio-gad-the-value-of-visual-memory/|accessdate=21 April 2021|work=worldpolicy.org|language=en-US|archivedate=21 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421153327/http://worldpolicy.org/2015/08/27/studio-gad-the-value-of-visual-memory/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na ntụziaka dọkịta ha, nna ya kpọbatara ya ka ọ na-egwu mmiri iji nyere ya aka ibelata nkwarụ ogologo ndụ ya na iwusi àgwà ya ike. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=سارة جاد الله المرأة التي صنعت المستحيل|url=https://www.sudanjournal.com/%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%b5%d9%86%d8%b9%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%8a/|accessdate=4 February 2023|work=Sudan Journal|language=ar|archivedate=7 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207103125/https://www.sudanjournal.com/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%8A/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na Helat Hamd School for Girls wee bụrụ Amirya Intermediate School for Girls na Khartoum Bahri. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Abu Bakr Sorour maka ụmụ nwanyị na Omdurman na Shendi Secondary School maka ụmụ nwanyị. 

== Ọrụ igwu mmiri ==
[[Usòrò:Sara_Gubara_ca._1975.jpg|thumb| Gubara, c. 1972]]
Ka ọ na-erule mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, Sara abụrụla onye na-egwu mmiri nke ọma ma sonye n'ọtụtụ ihe omume dị mkpirikpi. Nna ya tinyere aka siri ike na ilekọta na ịgba ume ọrụ egwuregwu ya na-eto eto. &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=مختار|first=الخرطوم ــ علوية|title=سارة جاد الله.. &quot;أفضل إنسانة في الدنيا&quot; وبطلة سباحة|url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/society/0aea2dc3-25c5-43bf-beec-61be46af30c5|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150308025302/http://www.alaraby.co.uk/society/0aea2dc3-25c5-43bf-beec-61be46af30c5|archivedate=8 March 2015|accessdate=14 March 2019|work=alaraby|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sonyeere otu egwuregwu egwuregwu Al-Kawkab dị na Khartoum Bahri ka ọ na-egwu egwu ma Bayoumi Mohammed Salem zụọ ya, onye nyere aka n'ịzụlite nkà ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=السبَّاحة سارة جاد الله ل (تقاسيم): (ظن مراكبية أبو روف أنني &quot;جنّيَّة&quot;)|url=https://www.sudaress.com/alintibaha/7084|accessdate=4 February 2023|work=سودارس}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ zụrụ azụ na osimiri Naịl na ebe igwu mmiri ''nke Ụlọ Omenala'', nke dị n'akụkụ Obí Republican na Khartoum. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; Ọzọkwa, ọ sonyeere na asọmpi ogologo oge nke Republic na, na 1968, nọchitere Sudan na otu egwuregwu igwu mmiri na-erubeghị afọ 16 na Nairobi wee merie ebe nke atọ.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 January 2015|title=رائدات سودانيات : السباحة سارة جاد الله .. صور كميات|url=http://sudaneseonline.com/board/490/msg/%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%3a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%87-%2e%2e-%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%83%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-1449897144.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007210545/http://sudaneseonline.com/board/490/msg/رائدات-سودانيات-:-السباحة-سارة-جاد-الله-..-صور-كميات-1449897144.html|archivedate=7 October 2018|accessdate=13 March 2019|work=sudaneseonline.com|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Asọmpi mba ===
Na 1972, Sara sonyeere ndị otu igwu mmiri na Al-Hilal Club, Omdurman, wee malite isonye na asọmpi dị anya. O sonyeere n'ọtụtụ agbụrụ ndị a, ebe ndị nwoke na nwanyị na-egwu mmiri na-asọ mpi n'otu oge. A gbakọrọ ihe nrite ahụ maka ndị meriri nke mbụ, nke abụọ na nke atọ, n'agbanyeghị okike. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 May 2022|title=أصبحت أيقونة للمرأة التي هزمت وتحدّت الصعاب سارة جاد الله.. السّبّاحة التي كادت أن تبتلع كيجاب!! – صحيفة الصيحة|url=https://www.assayha.net/103857/|accessdate=4 February 2023|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;

Ọzọkwa, asọmpi ya gụnyere agbụrụ Jabal Awliya (50&amp;nbsp;km), otu n'ime agbụrụ kachasị ogologo, nke malitere site na mmiri mmiri Jabal Awliya na Blue Nile wee kwụsị na Ụlọ TV dị na Omdurman. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=سارة جاد الله المولودة في حلة حمد بتاريخ 23-4-1956|url=https://forum.kooora.com/?t=24791823|accessdate=4 February 2023|work=forum.kooora.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt; N'ebe ahụ, ọ bịara nke atọ ka ndị nwoke na-egwu mmiri bụ Abd al-Majid Sultan Kigab na Salim. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; N'ọsọ Atbara (30&amp;nbsp;km), ọ bịara nke anọ n'ozuzu dịka nwanyị mbụ na-egwu mmiri, na site na Wad Madani ruo Um-Sunat (30).&amp;nbsp;km), ọ bịara nke abụọ na Kigab. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; N’ọsọ site na Wad Nemari ruo Dongola (30&amp;nbsp;km), nke emere n'oge ezumike nnwere onwe, ọ bịara n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=بكباش|first=سليمان|date=17 June 2021|title=الرياضة النسائية السودانية، تاريخ من الصراع السياسي|url=https://tajasport.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/|accessdate=4 February 2023|work=TajaSport|language=en-US|archivedate=4 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204011915/https://tajasport.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sara pụtakwara n'ụdị igwu mmiri kachasị sie ike, ọrịa strok nru ububa, nke chọrọ mgbanwe na ike anụ ahụ dị elu, ebe o mekwara nke ọma ma nweta ndekọ. Ihe ndekọ e dekọrọ n'aha ya bụ strok urukurubụba nke mita 50, igwu mmiri 100-mita freestyle, na 100 na mita 200 azụ azụ . &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

=== Asọmpi mba ụwa ===
[[Usòrò:Sara_Gubara,_Beijing_1975.jpg|thumb| Sara Gubara na Beijing na 1975, nke abụọ site n'aka nri]]
Na mba ụwa, Sara nọchiri anya Sudan n'asọmpi dị iche iche na [[Kenya]], UK na China, bụ ebe o nwetara ihe nrite ọla edo, wee bụrụ otu n'ime ndị Sudan mbụ sonyere n'asọmpi igwu mmiri nke mba ụwa. Agbanyeghị, ọ tụlere 1974 ''Maratona del Golfo Capri - agbụrụ Napoli'' (36&amp;nbsp;km) na Italy nsonye ya kacha mkpa na mba ofesi mgbe ọ bụla, ebe ọ meriri ọnọdụ nke abụọ na ọkwa ndị amateur, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;The German review of a screening of ''Viva Sara!'' in Berlin in 2015 called this film &quot;one of the most beautiful film moments of the year.&quot; – It described the story like this: &quot;Sara, handicapped by polio, had taken part in the Capri-Naples swimming marathon as a young woman. 35 kilometres in the open sea. A good decade later, her proud father wanted to share this with 'Viva Sara'. As an incentive and hope for girls in Sudan, anything can be done.&quot; {{Cite web|author=Klingler|first=Nino|title=Die schönsten Retrospektivenmomente: Jahresrückblick (3)|url=https://www.critic.de/special/die-schoensten-retrospektivenmomente-jahresrueckblick-3-3983/|accessdate=21 April 2021|work=critic.de|date=31 December 2015|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;  na 23 (n'ime 25) na ngalaba ọkachamara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli results – 1974 {{!}} LongSwims Database|url=https://longswims.com/events/maratona-del-golfo-capri-napoli/1974/|accessdate=2023-07-10|work=longswims.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1975, ọ nọchitere anya Sudan n'egwuregwu Beijing wee nweta ihe nrite ọla edo na ngalaba dị mkpụmkpụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ọ sonye na asọmpi mmiri [[Ńnú|nnu]] nke Capri - Naples ọzọ na 1977 mana ọ bịara ikpeazụ na ngalaba ọkachamara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli results – 1977 {{!}} LongSwims Database|url=https://longswims.com/events/maratona-del-golfo-capri-napoli/1977/|accessdate=2023-07-10|work=longswims.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Na 1989, Sara lụrụ Bella Abu Sineina, ma ha nwere ụmụ anọ Ashraf, Sami, Khalid na Samhar. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 October 2018|title=رائدات سودانيات : السباحة سارة جاد الله|url=http://sudaneseonline.com/board/490/msg/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-:-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-..-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-1449897144.html|accessdate=3 February 2023|work=SudaneseOnline|archivedate=7 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007210545/http://sudaneseonline.com/board/490/msg/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-:-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-..-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%83%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-1449897144.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Ọgụgụ ọzọ ==

* {{Cite journal|author=Ellerson|first=Beti|date=2016|title=African Women and the Documentary: Storytelling, Visualizing History, from the Personal to the Political|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/blackcamera.8.1.0223|journal=Black Camera|volume=8|issue=1|pages=223–239|doi=10.2979/blackcamera.8.1.0223|issn=1536-3155}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Commons category|Sara Gubara|Sarah Gadallah Gubara}}

*  
* [https://www.arsenal-berlin.de/en/archive-distribution/archive-projects/the-film-holdings-of-gadalla-gubara-2013-2016/#c34258 Webpage on The Film Holdings of Gadalla Gubara, including a video interview with Sara Gadalla in English]
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{{Databox}} 

'''Rachel Jones''' (amụrụ 1991) &lt;ref name=&quot;TR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ropac.net/zh/news/456-rachel-jones-joins-the-pallant-house-gallery-collection/|title=Rachel Jones joins the Pallant House Gallery collection of Modern British Art|publisher=Thaddaeus Ropac|date=26 March 2021|accessdate=1 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri Britain. O gosila ọrụ na UK na veranda na ụlọ ọrụ gụnyere Thaddaeus Ropac, The Sunday Painter na Royal Scottish Academy, ma bụrụ onye na-ese ihe na Chinati Foundation (2019) na Masterworks Museum of Bermuda Art in (2016). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pallant.org.uk/new-painting-by-rachel-jones/|title=New work by Rachel Jones join our collection|work=Perspectives|publisher=Pallant House Gallery|date=1 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ya dị na mkpokọta The Tate, Arts Council England, Hepworth Wakefield, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, na Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami . &lt;ref name=&quot;The Art Newspaper&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2021/12/07/rising-star-rachel-jones-on-her-latest-works|title=Teeth, lips, flowers: rising star Rachel Jones on her latest works and how she prioritises a Black audience|first=Louisa|author=Buck|work=[[The Art Newspaper]]|date=7 December 2021|accessdate=1 February 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBuck2021&quot;&gt;Buck, Louisa (7 December 2021). [https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2021/12/07/rising-star-rachel-jones-on-her-latest-works &quot;Teeth, lips, flowers: rising star Rachel Jones on her latest works and how she prioritises a Black audience&quot;]. ''[[Akwụkwọ akụkọ nka|The Art Newspaper]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;1 February&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Rachel Jones na Whitechapel, East London, ma tolite na Essex . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://glasstire.com/2020/12/14/true-colors-rachel-jones-at-12-26-gallery/|title=True Colors: Rachel Jones at 12.26 Gallery|first=Lauren Moya|author=Ford|date=14 December 2020|work=Glasstire|accessdate=1 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Glasgow School of Art, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/nov/15/rachel-jones-interview-there-was-nothing-else-i-was-good-at|title=Rachel Jones, 24: 'Trying to second-guess what other people want is a recipe for disaster'|first=Kate|author=Kellaway|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=15 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-enweta akara ugo mmụta BA Fine Art na 2013, wee mesịa MA na Fine Art sitere na Royal Academy School (2019). &lt;ref name=&quot;The Art Newspaper&quot;/&gt; N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2021 maka ''Harper's Bazaar,'' e hotara ya ka ọ na-ekwu maka oge ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nka: &quot;Amụtara m ọtụtụ ihe banyere otu esi agba ajụjụ echiche na mmetụta nke onwe m site na omume m, n'ụzọ m na-enwetụbeghị mbụ. ... M na-agbalị ime ka ahụmahụ m dị ka nwanyị ojii n'ime oghere nke na-achacha ọcha na, n'ikpeazụ, emeghị m ka m nwee ọganihu.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/bazaar-art/a37807130/rachel-jones-artist/|title=Who is Rachel Jones? Meet the artist behind this year's Bazaar Art cover|first=Marie-Claire|author=Chappet|date=13 October 2021|accessdate=1 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye nkatọ nka Louisa Buck kọwara ọrụ ya ka ọ na-agbagharị &quot;akara dị n'etiti abstraction na ihe atụ. ... gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'ọṅụ nke agba nkịtị, ụdị na mmegharị ahụ&quot;, Jones na-akọwa, sị: &quot;Ihe ndị kacha amasị m ma kpalie m dị ka onye na-ese ihe na-eto eto, na ọbụna dị ka nwatakịrị, na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ Abstract. Ndị na-ese ihe ngosi . M zaghachikwara ihe ndị na-adịchaghị adị n’echiche bụ́ na e wepụrụ ha n’eziokwu nke na-adị kwa ụbọchị. ... ị nwere ike iji ụcha na ọdịdị na ọdịdị na-agwa ndị mmadụ okwu n'ụzọ na-abụghị maka asụsụ a na-asụ-ọ bụ maka mmetụta mmetụta na ịkpali mmetụta nke na-ekwesịghị ịkọwa ma ọ bụ gosipụta ya. Ọ na-anabata, ọ bụ ebumpụta ụwa, yana akụkụ bụ isi nke anyị niile. Ya mere maka m, o sitere na ebe ihe ndị a na-adọrọ mmasị na ịghọta ha dị ka ọchịchọ mmadụ isi, na-achọkwa ịchọta otú m ga-esi daba na akụkọ ihe mere eme ahụ ma chọpụta mmasị m nwere na ihe nnọchianya nke Blackness.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;The Art Newspaper&quot;/&gt;

Ihe ngosi ya na Chisenhale Gallery, ''sị cheeeeese'', sitere na 12 Maachị ruo 12 June 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2022/mar/14/rachel-jones-say-cheeeeese-review-mutating-paintings-put-a-grin-on-your-face|title=Rachel Jones: say cheeeeese review – mutating paintings put a grin on your face|work=The Guardian|authorlink=Adrian Searle|first=Adrian|author=Searle|date=14 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nyocha Aurella Yussuf na ''Artsy'' na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Ọ bụrụ na ọrụ bụ isi nke ọrụ Jones bụ igosipụta ụdị mmetụta uche ya dị iche iche, ezé ghọrọ, maka onye na-ese ihe, na-akpali ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ịdị adị mmadụ, dị ka oriri, ịchị ọchị, ọbụna ime ihe ike. Ọnụ bụ ma oghere ihe atụ na nke nkịtị, ntinye n'ime ahụ anụ ahụ-ọrụ ya dị mkpa na ihe ọjọọ niile ọ gụnyere - yana ụzọ maka ikwu okwu na nkwupụta n'agbanyeghị na ọ naghị arụ ọrụ ozugbo site na ihe oyiyi ntụaka site n'ikpughe ya na mgbasa ozi anya, ọdịdị, na ahụmahụ ndụ ya ... ụkpụrụ dị n'okpuru bụ na onye ọ bụla nwere ọnụ na onye ọ bụla nwere mmalite iche echiche banyere ohere na-enweghị njedebe dị n'ime ya.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-rachel-jones-disrupts-art-spaces-stunning-unsettling-abstractions|title=Rachel Jones Disrupts Art Spaces with Stunning Yet Unsettling Abstractions|first=Aurella|author=Yussuf|work=Artsy|date=20 April 2022|accessdate=17 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jones haziri ihe oyiyi trofi Britannia maka 2024 Brit Awards, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-11-24|title=The BRIT Awards announce 2024 trophy designer|url=https://www.recordoftheday.com/news-and-press/the-brit-awards-announce-2024-trophy-designer|accessdate=2023-12-02|work=Record of the Day|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2024 Trophy revealed, with updates to award categories!|url=https://www.brits.co.uk/news/2024-trophy-revealed-with-updates-to-award-categories|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=BRIT Awards|language=en|archivedate=2024-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305115251/https://www.brits.co.uk/news/2024-trophy-revealed-with-updates-to-award-categories}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Exclusive digital cover: Inside the BRITs 2024 with Damian Christian &amp; Rachel Jones|url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/exclusive-digital-cover-inside-the-brits-2024-with-damian-christian-rachel-jones/089350|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=www.musicweek.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; (ọrụ enyerela ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-emepụta ihe dịka [[David Adjaye]], Tracey Emin, Zaha Hadid, Damien Hirst, Anish Kapoor, na Vivienne Westwood ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-05-13|title=Brit Awards|url=https://www.dezeen.com/tag/brit-awards/|accessdate=2024-03-02|work=Dezeen|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==

* 2014: ''RSA: New Contemporaries 2014'', Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.royalscottishacademy.org/exhibitions/rsa-new-contemporaries-2014/|title=Past Exhibitions {{!}} RSA New Contemporaries 2014|publisher=Royal Scottish Academy of Art and Architecture|accessdate=2 February 2022|archivedate=2 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202132938/https://www.royalscottishacademy.org/exhibitions/rsa-new-contemporaries-2014/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018: ''Rachel Jones: Nkịta na-agba agba'', Jupiter Woods, London &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jupiterwoods.com/exhibition/rachel-jones-mad-dogs|title=Exhibition {{!}} Rachel Jones: Mad Dogs, 02 October 2018 — 01 December 2018|work=Jupiter Woods|accessdate=1 February 2022|archivedate=1 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201232020/https://jupiterwoods.com/exhibition/rachel-jones-mad-dogs}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: ''Ọnụ na-acha uhie uhie'', Chinati Foundation, Marfa, Texas &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://chinati.org/programs/artists-in-residence/full-list-of-chinati-artists-in-residence/|title=Full list of Chinati Artists in Residence|work=Chinati}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: New Art Center, Salisbury, Wiltshire, ya na Gillian Ayres na [[Nao Matsunaga]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sculpture.uk.com/gillian-ayres-rachel-jones-nao-matsunaga|title=Gillian Ayres {{!}} Rachel Jones {{!}} Nao Matsunaga|work=NewArtCentre|accessdate=1 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020: ''Rachel Jones na Nicholas Pope'', Onye na-ese ihe nkiri Sunday, London &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thesundaypainter.co.uk/exhibitions/29/overview/|title=Rachel Jones &amp; Nicholas Pope (LISTE 2020), 14 – 26 September 2020|work=The Sunday Painter}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020: ''Ọnụ Ọkaakaa'', Osisi 12.26, Dallas, Texas &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://durangobagel.net/gallery-12-26-scores-with-the-summary-artwork-of-rachel-jones.html|title=Gallery 12.26 scores with the summary artwork of Rachel Jones|first=Rachel L.|author=Gutierrez|work=durangobagel.net|accessdate=1 February 2022|archivedate=2 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202101549/https://durangobagel.net/gallery-12-26-scores-with-the-summary-artwork-of-rachel-jones.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/arts-entertainment/visual-arts/2020/12/10/swallowed-up-by-color-gallery-1226-scores-with-the-abstract-art-of-rachel-jones/|title=Swallowed up by color {{!}} Gallery 12.26 scores with the abstract art of Rachel Jones|first=Benjamin|author=Lima|work=Dallas News|date=10 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020: ''A gbadoro anya na eserese'', Thaddaeus Ropac, London &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ropac.viewingrooms.com/viewing-room/10/?_preview_uid=4b1cb3daec424566981db5e1c50efd35&amp;version=96ec90|title=A Focus on Painting|publisher=Thaddaeus Ropac|accessdate=10 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: ''Na-agwakọta ya: Ihe osise taa'', Hayward Gallery, London &lt;ref name=&quot;The Art Newspaper&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://contemporary.burlington.org.uk/reviews/reviews/mixing-it-up-painting-today|title=Mixing It Up: Painting Today|first=George|author=Vasey|date=8 December 2021|accessdate=1 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: ''SMIIILLLLEEEE'', Thaddaeus Ropac, London &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://galeriemagazine.com/next-big-things-rachel-jones/|title=Next Big Things: Rachel Jones|work=Galerie|date=3 December 2021|accessdate=1 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ropac.net/online-exhibitions/59-rachel-jones-smiiilllleeee/|title=Rachel Jones: SMIIILLLLEEEE {{!}}|publisher=Thaddaeus Ropac|accessdate=1 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2022/02/07/rachel-jones-closes-thaddaeus-ropac-show-in-stream-of-words|title=Rachel Jones closes acclaimed Thaddaeus Ropac London show by inviting literary luminaries to respond to her paintings|work=The Art Newspaper|first=Louisa|author=Buck|date=7 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2022: ''kwuo cheeeeese'', Chisenhale Gallery, London &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://chisenhale.org.uk/exhibition/rachel-jones/|title=Rachel Jones: say cheeeeese|publisher=Chisenhale Gallery, London|accessdate=10 February 2022|archivedate=10 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210145202/https://chisenhale.org.uk/exhibition/rachel-jones/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ịdị adị mmadụ, dị ka oriri, ịchị ọchị, ọbụna ime ihe ike. Ọnụ bụ ma oghere ihe atụ na nke nkịtị, ntinye n'ime ahụ anụ ahụ-ọrụ{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://rachelvictoriajones.co.uk/ Webụsaịtị gọọmentị]
* [https://artscouncilcollection.org.uk/explore/blog/artist-profile-rachel-jones &quot; Profaịlụ Artist: Rachel Jones &quot;], Nchịkọta Council Arts, 20 Ọktoba 2021.
* Amah-Rose Abrams, [https://news.artnet.com/art-world/meet-ascendant-painter-rachel-jones-2052906 &quot;Zute Rachel Jones, Onye na-ese ihe na-agbago elu nke ihe osise eletrik na-eme ka ndị na-ekiri ya na London na ndị na-anakọta ihe n'ụwa nile&quot;], ''Artnet'', 3 Jenụarị 2022.
* Rachel Campbell-Johnston, [https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/rachel-jones-the-painter-who-claims-she-can-eat-colour-759gpzwxn &quot;Rachel Jones: onye na-ese ihe na-ekwu na ya nwere ike iri agba&quot;], ''The Times'', 8 Jenụwarị 2022.
* Gazelle Mba, [https://www.frieze.com/article/rachel-jones-say-cheeeeese-2022 &quot;Rachel Jones na-ese ụdị ọchị ọhụrụ&quot;], ''Frieze'', 8 Maachị 2022.
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNV3XYHQG1s &quot;n'ụlọ: Ndị na-ese ihe na mkparịta ụka | Rachel Jones&quot;], YaleBritishArt, 13 Julaị 2022. Site na YouTube.
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>James C. Thibodeaux</title>
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      <text bytes="3979" sha1="4tq9hwx8xvmggmj4h0y6arl8yk6p7mk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=James Charles Thibodeaux|birth_date=July 21, 1911|birth_place=[[St. Martinville, Louisiana|St. Martinville]], Louisiana, U.S.|death_date=August 19, 2004|death_place=[[New Orleans]], Louisiana, U.S.|education=[[Cooper Union]],&lt;br/&gt; [[Mechanics' Institute (New York City, New York)|Mechanics' Institute]]|occupation=Photographer, painter, educator, stage actor, television operations supervisor}}

{{Databox}}'''James Charles Thibodeaux''' (1911 — 2004), bụ onye America na-ese foto, onye na-ese ihe, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nkuzi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Govenar|first=Alan B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TjbXAAAAMAAJ|title=Portraits of Community: African American Photography in Texas|date=1996|publisher=[[Texas State Historical Association]]|isbn=978-0-87611-153-6|pages=67|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye nkuzi nka ojii mbụ nke United States Army . &lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Duncan|first=Robert J.|date=February 21, 2013|title=Thibodeaux, James C. (1911–2004)|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/thibodeaux-james-c|work=[[Texas State Historical Association]] (TSHA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
James C. Thibodeaux mụrụ na July 21, 1911, na St. Martinville, Louisiana, nye nne na nna Fannie E. ( née Young) na Ernest Charles Thibodeaux, Sr.. &lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt; Nne ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ bụ nwata, na ka ọ na-erule 1920 ezinụlọ ahụ akwagawo na mpaghara North Dallas nke Dallas, Texas.  &lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt;Ha bi nso na mpaghara ịzụ ahịa Central Avenue (ma ọ bụ Central Track), ụlọ ahịa ndị na-akpụ isi n'ógbè ha bụ ebe a na-anọkarị na Lemọn Lemon Jefferson n'oge a.  Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Katọlik, na ụlọ akwụkwọ Sisters (nke a mechara bụrụ St. Peter's Academy), wee gụchaa mgbe ọ dị afọ 17 na 1928. &lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt;

Malite na&lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt; 1929, Thibodeaux gara Cooper Union, na mgbe e mesịrị Mechanics' Institute (ụlọ ọrụ jikọrọ Cooper Union) na New York City; ọ nwetara akwụkwọ mmụta zuru oke. &lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt; Mgbe ọ na-aga kọleji, ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru Black printmaker Bernie Haynes Robynson ; onye ọ zutere site n'ọkpụkpụ na onye nkụzi, [[Augusta Savage]] .  &lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt;Thibodeaux gara klaasị na General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen, na 1932 nwetara diplọma na eserese aka efu. &lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ kwagara New York City, o biri na Harlem YMCA na 180 West 135th Street, ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka ibe maka WOR, ụlọ ọrụ redio nọọrọ onwe ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt;

Edepụtara Thibodeaux na Julaị 10, 1943 ma jee ozi na United States Army n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] .  &lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt;Ọ bụ onye ọrụ pụrụiche nke United States Army nke mbụ onye nkuzi nka ojii. &lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt;

== Ọnwụ na ihe nketa ==
Ọ nwụrụ na August 19, 2004 na New Orleans. &lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot; /&gt; A na-enwe nchịkọta foto nke Thibodeaux na Dolph Briscoe Center maka American History na UT Austin . Edere akụkọ akụkọ ọnụ na Thibodeaux na 1994 na 1997 site na Texas African American Photography Archive. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=James C. Thibodeaux Collection|url=https://www.docarts.com/james-c.-thibodeaux.html|accessdate=2023-12-20|work=Documentary Arts, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
akwụkwọ mmụta zuru oke.  Mgbe ọ na-aga kọleji, ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru Black printmaker Bernie Haynes Robynson ; onye ọ zutere site n'ọkpụkpụ na onye nkụzi, Augusta{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://txarchives.org/utcah/finding_aids/00640.xml James C. Thibodeaux Photograph Collection, 1883–2000], na Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, Mahadum Texas na Austin
* [https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1391150/ Foto nke James Thibodeaux] (1991), na Mahadum North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library</text>
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  <page>
    <title>James Ransome</title>
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{{Databox}}'''James E. Ransome''' (amuru na Septemba 25, 1961, na [[Nort Kárólínạ|North Carolina]] ) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ransome, James E. 1961–|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/children/scholarly-magazines/ransome-james-e-1961|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Encyclopedia.com]]|archivedate=2022-03-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313023654/https://www.encyclopedia.com/children/scholarly-magazines/ransome-james-e-1961}}&lt;/ref&gt; bu onye ihe omuma nke America nke ihe kariri akwukwo umuaka 60. Ọ kọwapụtakwala kaadị ekele na akwụkwọ akụkọ, ma nye ya ọrụ maka eserese, gụnyere atọ maka National Underground Railroad Freedom Center na Cincinnati, Ohio. &lt;ref name=&quot;highlights&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=James Ransome|url=https://www.highlightsfoundation.org/6138/james-ransome/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225183243/https://www.highlightsfoundation.org/6138/james-ransome/|archivedate=2019-02-25|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[The Highlights Foundation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ezie na a mụrụ Ransome na North Carolina, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Bergenfield, New Jersey mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ gara ọmụmụ ihe nkiri na ịse foto, nke metụtara ụdị ya. O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Fine Arts site na Pratt Institute na Brooklyn, New York, ebe onye ndụmọdụ ya bụ onye na-ese ihe [[Jerry Pinkney]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;nccil&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=James E. Ransome|url=https://www.nccil.org/artists/james-e-ransome|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225223649/https://www.nccil.org/artists/james-e-ransome|archivedate=2019-02-25|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[National Center for Children's Illustrated Literature]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ransome bụ osote prọfesọ na School of Art na Mahadum Syracuse . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=James Ransome|url=http://vpa.syr.edu/faculty-staff/james-ransome|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225223539/http://vpa.syr.edu/faculty-staff/james-ransome|archivedate=2019-02-25|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Syracuse University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na nwunye ya, onye edemede Lesa Cline-Ransome, na ezinụlọ bi na Rhinebeck, New York . &lt;ref name=&quot;highlights&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ahọpụtara ==
Ransome's ''The Bell Rang'' (2019) bụ akwụkwọ Guild Junior . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Bell Rang|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/the-bell-rang-9781442421134j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=February 22, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222044612/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/the-bell-rang-9781442421134j}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye, akwụkwọ 13 nke Ransome gosipụtara bụ akwụkwọ Junior Library Guild: ''Bimmi Finds a Cat'' (1997); &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bimmi Finds a Cat|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/bimmi-finds-a-cat-9780395646526j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609060007/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/bimmi-finds-a-cat-9780395646526j}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Tugboat ekeresimesi'' (2012); &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Christmas Tugboat: How the Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree Came to New York City|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/the-christmas-tugboat-how-the-rockefelle-9780618992157j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609060009/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/the-christmas-tugboat-how-the-rockefelle-9780618992157j}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Ìhè na Ọchịchịrị'' (2013); &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Light in the Darkness: A Story about How Slaves Learned in Secret|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/light-in-the-darkness-a-story-about-how-9781423134954j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609060020/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/light-in-the-darkness-a-story-about-how-9781423134954j}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Joltin 'Joe DiMaggio'' (2014); &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Joltin’ Joe DiMaggio|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/joltin-8217-joe-dimaggio-9781416940807j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=February 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225154633/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/joltin-8217-joe-dimaggio-9781416940807j}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Akụkọ m, egwu m'' (2016); &lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=My Story, My Dance: Robert Battle’s Journey to Alvin Ailey|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/my-story-my-dance-robert-battle-8217-s-j-9781481422215j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609060010/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/my-story-my-dance-robert-battle-8217-s-j-9781481422215j}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Tupu ọ bụrụ Harriet'' (2018); &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Before She Was Harriet|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/before-she-was-harriet-9780823420476j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609041744/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/before-she-was-harriet-9780823420476j}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Ndị na-agbanwe egwuregwu'' (2018); &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Game Changers: The Story of Venus and Serena Williams|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/game-changers-the-story-of-venus-and-ser-9781481476843j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=December 7, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101857/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/game-changers-the-story-of-venus-and-ser-9781481476843j}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Ihe Okike'' (2019); &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Creation|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/the-creation-9780823440252j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609060020/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/the-creation-9780823440252j}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Gridiron'' (2020); &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gridiron: Stories From 100 Years of the National Football League|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/gridiron-stories-from-100-years-of-the-n-9781481481120j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609060010/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/gridiron-stories-from-100-years-of-the-n-9781481481120j}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị n'ime ala'' (2020); &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Overground Railroad|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/overground-railroad-9780823438730j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609060010/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/overground-railroad-9780823438730j}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Ụlọ ikpe'' (2022); &lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hardcourt: Stories from 75 Years of the National Basketball Association|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/hardcourt-stories-from-75-years-of-the-n-9781534460430j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609173137/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/hardcourt-stories-from-75-years-of-the-n-9781534460430j}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Sonny Rollins na-egwu akwa akwa'' (2022); &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sonny Rollins Plays the Bridge|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/sonny-rollins-plays-the-bridge-9781984813664j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609173138/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/sonny-rollins-plays-the-bridge-9781984813664j}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ''Akụkọ nke Saxophone'' (2023). &lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Story of the Saxophone|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/the-story-of-the-saxophone-9780823437023j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=December 6, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206072252/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/the-story-of-the-saxophone-9780823437023j}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Tupu She Was Harriet'' aha ya bụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ kacha mma nke 2017 site na ''Booklist'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-01-01|title=Top of the List: 2017|url=https://www.booklistonline.com/Top-of-the-List/pid=9325442|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522182436/https://www.booklistonline.com/Top-of-the-List/pid=9325442|archivedate=2022-05-22|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Booklist]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Center for Study of Multicultural Children's Literature, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Best Books 2017|url=https://www.csmcl.org/best-books-2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306232318/https://www.csmcl.org/best-books-2017|archivedate=2024-03-06|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Center for the Study of Multicultural Children's Literature|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chicago Public Library, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=ChiPubLib_Kids|title=Best Informational Books for Younger Readers of 2017|url=https://chipublib.bibliocommons.com/list/share/200049033/1081293137|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106033216/https://chipublib.bibliocommons.com/list/share/200049033/1081293137|archivedate=2021-11-06|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Chicago Public Library]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwWQ&quot;&gt;Kirkus Reviews&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Best Picture Books of the Year|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/best-of/2017/picture-books/books/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602204122/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/best-of/2017/picture-books/books/|archivedate=2024-06-02|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Kirkus Reviews]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’afọ na-eso ya, ''Ndepụta Akwụkwọ'' tinyere ya na ndepụta ha nke “Akwụkwọ Foto Dị Iche Iche nke 10” na “Ihe Akụkọ ndụ 10 kacha elu maka ndị ntorobịa” nke afọ ha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Julia|date=2018-06-01|title=Top 10 Biographies for Youth: 2018|url=https://www.booklistonline.com/ProductInfo.aspx?pid=9600696|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602205156/https://www.booklistonline.com/ProductInfo.aspx?pid=9600696|archivedate=2024-06-02|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Booklist]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akpọrọ ''Bell Rang'' otu n'ime akwụkwọ kacha mma nke 2019 site na Center for Study of Multicultural Children's Literature, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Best Books 2019|url=https://www.csmcl.org/best-books-2019|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=csmcl|language=en|archivedate=March 6, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306232322/https://www.csmcl.org/best-books-2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chicago Public Library, &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwZQ&quot;&gt;The Horn Book Magazine&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwZw&quot;&gt;Kirkus Nyochaa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; N'afọ sochirinụ, Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Nkụzi Bekee nke Mba tinyere ya na Ndepụta uri Ha Maara. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+. Awards for books Ransome illustrated
!Year
!Title
!Award
!Result
!{{Abbreviation|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|1994
|''Uncle Jed's Barbershop''
|Coretta Scott King Award for Illustrator
|Honor
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Coretta Scott King Book Awards - All Recipients, 1970-Present|url=https://www.ala.org/cskbart/coretta-scott-king-book-awards-all-recipients-1970-present|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[American Library Association]]|language=en|archivedate=June 3, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603030753/https://www.ala.org/cskbart/coretta-scott-king-book-awards-all-recipients-1970-present}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1995
|''The Creation''
|Coretta Scott King Award for Illustrator
|'''Winner'''
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|1999
|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwjw&quot;&gt;Let My People Go&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Children
|'''Winner'''
|
|-
|2008
|''Young Pele''
|NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Children
|Finalist
|
|-
|2012
|''Before There Was Mozart''
|NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Children
|Finalist
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2012 Image Award Winners&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Allin|first=Olivia|title=2012 Image Award Winners|url=http://abc7.com/archive/8548831/|accessdate=May 10, 2016|work=[[KABC-TV|ABC7]]|archivedate=January 6, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106204213/http://abc7.com/archive/8548831/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|''This is the Rope''
|Charlotte Zolotow Award
|Honor
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2014 Charlotte Zolotow Award Announced|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-industry-news/article/60723-2014-charlotte-zolotow-award-announced.html|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|language=en|archivedate=April 12, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412223506/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-industry-news/article/60723-2014-charlotte-zolotow-award-announced.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|''Granddaddy’s Turn''
|NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Children
|Finalist
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016 Image Award Winners&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=6 February 2016|title=2016 Image Winners|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/naacp-awards-winners-list-image-creed-queen-latifah-1201698809/|accessdate=May 11, 2016|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archivedate=February 27, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227131516/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/naacp-awards-winners-list-image-creed-queen-latifah-1201698809/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|''My Story, My Dance''
|Orbis Pictus Award
|Recommended
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=NCTE Orbis Pictus Award® (2010-2019)|url=https://ncte.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/OP_Winners_2010-Present.pdf|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[National Council of Teachers of English]]|archivedate=April 11, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411095807/http://ncte.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/OP_Winners_2010-Present.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2018
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Before She Was Harriet''
|Charlotte Zolotow Award
|Honor
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Booklists|url=https://ccbc.education.wisc.edu/booklists/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127175530/https://ccbc.education.wisc.edu/booklists/|archivedate=2022-11-27|accessdate=2023-03-06|work=Cooperative Children's Book Center|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Christopher Award for Books for Children Ages 6 and up
|'''Winner'''
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=2018-04-22|title=The 2018 Christopher Awards Winners|url=https://orethapedia.com/2018/04/22/the-2018-christopher-awards-winners/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327101424/https://orethapedia.com/2018/04/22/the-2018-christopher-awards-winners/|archivedate=2019-03-27|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Orethapedia|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Coretta Scott King Award for Illustrator
|Honor
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Jane Addams Children's Book Award for Younger Reader
|Honor
|
|-
|Maryland Blue Crab Young Reader Award for Transitional Nonfiction
|Honor
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Maryland Blue Crab Young Reader Award 2018|url=https://www.mdlib.org/files/docs/divisions/csd/blue18.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522041700/https://www.mdlib.org/files/docs/divisions/csd/blue18.pdf|archivedate=2023-05-22|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Maryland Library Association]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Children
|Finalist
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=14 January 2018|title=NAACP Image Awards: Full List of Winners|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2018-naacp-image-award-winners-complete-list-1064208|accessdate=2020-06-10|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|language=en|archivedate=January 15, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115095441/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2018-naacp-image-award-winners-complete-list-1064208}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|''Game Changers''
|Orbis Pictus Award
|Recommended
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2020
|''The Bell Rang''
|Coretta Scott King Award for Illustrator
|Honor
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2023
|''Hardcourt''
|Orbis Pictus Award
|Honor
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NCTE Orbis Pictus Award® (2022-2024)|url=https://ncte.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/OP_Winners_2022-2024.pdf|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[National Council of Teachers of English]]|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609173131/https://ncte.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/OP_Winners_2022-2024.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Mbipụta ==

=== Dị ka onye edemede ===

* {{Cite book|title=Gunner, Football Hero|date=2010|publisher=Holiday House|isbn=978-0-8234-2053-7}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2010-07-19|title=Gunner, Football Hero by James Ransome|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780823420537|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609173136/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780823420537}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''A Joyful Christmas: A Treasury of New and Classic Songs, Poems, and Stories for the Holiday'' (Henry Holt, 2010)
* {{Cite book|title=New Red Bike!|date=2011|publisher=Holiday House|isbn=978-0-8234-2226-5}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-01-17|title=New Red Bike! by James E Ransome|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780823422265|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=December 8, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208115201/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780823422265}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''My Teacher'' (Dial Books, 2012)
* {{Cite book|title=The Bell Rang|date=2019|publisher=Caitlyn Dlouhy Books|isbn=978-1-442-42113-4}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Dị ka ihe atụ ===

==== Akwụkwọ foto ====

* {{Cite book|author=Bandy|first=Michael S.|title=Granddaddy's Turn: A Journey to the Ballot Box|date=2015|publisher=Candlewick|isbn=978-0-7636-6593-7}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-06-29|title=Granddaddy’s Turn: A Journey to the Ballot Box by Michael S Bandy, Eric Stein|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780763665937|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=March 29, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329191548/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780763665937}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Bandy|first=Michael S.|title=Northbound: A Train Ride Out of Segregation|date=2020|publisher=Candlewick|isbn=978-0-7636-9650-4}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-10-22|title=Northbound: A Train Ride Out of Segregation by Michael S Bandy|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780763696504|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=June 2, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602031758/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780763696504}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Bowen|first=Fred|title=Gridiron: Stories From 100 Years of the National Football League|date=2020|publisher=Margaret K. McElderry|isbn=978-1-481-48112-0}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gridiron: Stories From 100 Years of the National Football League|url=https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/gridiron-stories-from-100-years-of-the-n-9781481481120j|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=Junior Library Guild|language=en|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609060010/https://www.juniorlibraryguild.com/gridiron-stories-from-100-years-of-the-n-9781481481120j}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Bowen|first=Fred|title=Hardcourt: Stories from 75 Years of the National Basketball Association|date=2022|publisher=Margaret K. McElderry|isbn=978-1-534-46043-0}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Bunting|first=Eve|title=Your Move|date=1998|publisher=Harcourt Children's Books|isbn=978-0-15-200181-0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=1998-03-16|title=Your Move by Eve Bunting|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780152001810|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609173139/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780152001810}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Bunting|first=Eve|title=Peepers|date=2001|publisher=Harcourt|isbn=978-0-15-260297-0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2001-08-20|title=PEEPERS by Eve Bunting|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780152602970|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=December 4, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204101849/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780152602970}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Burton|first=Marilee Robin|title=My Best Shoes|date=1994|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-688-11756-6}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=1994-05-02|title=My Best Shoes by Marilee Robin Burton|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780688117566|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609173137/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780688117566}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Carr|first=Jan|title=Dark Day, Light Night|date=1996|publisher=Hyperion|isbn=0-7868-0018-6}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=1996-01-15|title=Dark Day, Light Night|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jan-carr/dark-day-light-night/|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Kirkus Reviews]]|archivedate=January 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109065718/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jan-carr/dark-day-light-night/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Cline-Ransome|first=Lesa|authorlink=Lesa Cline-Ransome|title=Quilt Alphabet|date=2002|publisher=Holiday House|isbn=978-0-8234-1453-6}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2001-09-17|title=QUILT ALPHABET by Lesa Cline-Ransome|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780823414536|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=March 29, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329191548/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780823414536}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Cline-Ransome|first=Lesa|title=Quilt Counting|date=2002|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-1-58717-177-2}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2002-07-01|title=Quilt Counting by Lesa Cline-Ransome, James Ransome, Chronicle Books|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781587171772|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=January 28, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128105323/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781587171772}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Cline-Ransome|first=Lesa|title=Major Taylor, Champion Cyclist|date=2003|publisher=Atheneum|isbn=978-0-689-83159-1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2003-12-22|title=MAJOR TAYLOR, CHAMPION CYCLIST by Lesa Cline-Ransome|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780689831591|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=March 28, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328084905/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780689831591}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Cline-Ransome|first=Lesa|title=Satchel Paige|date=2003|publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster Children's Publishing|isbn=978-0-689-81151-7}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2000-01-03|title=Satchel Paige by Lesa Cline-Ransome|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780689811517|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=June 9, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609173144/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780689811517}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Cline-Ransome|first=Lesa|title=Young Pele: Soccer's First Star|date=2007|publisher=Schwartz &amp; Wade|isbn=}}
* {{Cite book|author=Cline-Ransome|first=Lesa|title=Helen Keller: The World in Her Heart|date=2008|publisher=Collins Publishers|isbn=}}
* {{Cite book|author=Cline-Ransome|first=Lesa|title=Before There Was Mozart: The Story of Joseph Boulogne, Chevalier de Saint-George|date=2011|publisher=Schwartz &amp; Wade|isbn=978-0-375-83600-8}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2010-12-20|title=Before There Was Mozart: The Story of Joseph Boulogne, Chevalier de Saint-George by Lesa Cline-Ransome|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780375836008|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=June 2, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602031803/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780375836008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Cline-Ransome|first=Lesa|title=Words Set Me Free: The Story of Young Frederick Douglass|date=2012|publisher=Simon &amp; Schuster|isbn=978-1-4169-5903-8}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-11-28|title=Words Set Me Free: The Story of Young Frederick Douglass by Lesa Cline-Ransome|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781416959038|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=June 2, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602031803/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781416959038}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Cline-Ransome|first=Lesa|title=Light in the Darkness: A Story about How Slaves Learned in Secret|date=2013|publisher=Jump at the Sun|isbn=978-1-423-13495-4}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Cline-Ransome|first=Lesa|title=Benny Goodman and Teddy Wilson: Taking the Stage as the First Black-and-White Jazz Band in History|date=2014|publisher=Holiday House|isbn=978-0-8234-2362-0}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-01-27|title=Benny Goodman and Teddy Wilson: Taking the Stage as the First Black-and-White Jazz Band in History by Lesa Cline-Ransome|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780823423620|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=June 2, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602031804/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780823423620}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Cline-Ransome|first=Lesa|title=Freedom's School|date=2015|publisher=Paula Wiseman Books|isbn=978-1-4231-6103-5}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-11-17|title=Freedom’s School by Lesa Cline-Ransome|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781423161035|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=June 2, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602031756/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9781423161035}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Cline-Ransome|first=Lesa|title=My Story, My Dance: Robert Battle's Journey to Alvin Ailey|date=2015|publisher=Paula Wiseman|isbn=978-1-481-42221-5}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=Cline-Ransome|first=Lesa|title=Just a Lucky So and So: The Story of Louis Armstrong|date=2016|publisher=Holiday House|isbn=978-0-8234-3428-2}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-04-25|title=Just a Lucky So and So: The Story of Louis Armstrong by Lesa Cline-Ransome, James Ransome|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780823434282|accessdate=2024-06-09|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|archivedate=June 2, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602031806/https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780823434282}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
kwagara Bergenfield, New Jersey mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ, ọ gara ọmụmụ ihe nkiri na ịse foto, nke metụtara ụdị ya. O nwetara nzere bachelọ{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>James Emanuel</title>
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'''James Emanuel''' (amuru June 15, 1921 &lt;ref name=&quot;r1&quot;&gt;[http://www.terebess.hu/english/haiku/emanuel.html &quot;James A. Emanuel's Haiku&quot;]. Terebess Asia Online, accessed September 30, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; – Septemba 28, 2013) bu onye odee na oka akwukwo si Alliance, Nebraska . Emanuel, bụ onye ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ na-ahọrọ dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị mma  &lt;ref&gt;Interview with James Emanuel by Dan Schneider, Cosmoetica, reference to wording of Dean's Award for Distinguished Achievement received by James Emanuel in 2007 from [[Columbia University]]'s Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.&lt;/ref&gt; na ndị na-ede uri na-eleghara anya nke narị afọ nke 20,  bipụtara ihe karịrị 300 abụ, akwụkwọ 13 nke ọ bụla, akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Africa-American . akụkọ ihe mere eme, na ndị ọzọ. A na-ekwukwa na ọ bụ ya mere ụdị edemede ọhụrụ, jazz-and-blues haiku, nke a na-ejikarị egwu egwu na-agụ.

== Ndụ mbido ==
Amụrụ na Nebraska na 1921, Emanuel tolitere na steeti ahụ. O si n'ezinụlọ nwere ụmụ asaa ebe ọ bụ nke ise. Akwụkwọ bụ akụkụ nke ndụ ya kemgbe ọ bụ nwata. Adọbatara ya n'ime akụkọ, ukwe uri na prose na ndị edemede dị iche iche. N'ihi nke a na ọgụgụ niile o mere mere ka Emanuels nwee ọchịchọ ịghọ onye edemede. Obere oge ya na oge uto ya bụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke Emanuel na-ekwu na o ji obere ụgwọ maka ịha nhatanha n'obodo ahụ karịa n'ịtụgharị echiche ezinụlọ ya na mkparịta ụka ezinụlọ ya n'ozuzu ya na ihe ịga nke ọma ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rampersad|first=Arnold|date=1989-01-01|title=AFRO-AMERICAN POETS SINCE 1955. (Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 41)|journal=Resources for American Literary Study|volume=16|issue=1|pages=244–247|doi=10.2307/resoamerlitestud.16.1.0244|issn=0048-7384}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ kwụ ọtọ nke nyere ya obi ike inweta ezigbo ọrụ na ndụ nke na-aga nke ọma.

Emanuel, tupu ọ gụchaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị rụrụ ọrụ n'ugbo na ebe a na-azụ anụ na ahụmahụ ọrụ a rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mkpali ide abụ dị ka &quot;Ọrụ atọ: Otu ụbọchị obodo&quot;. Ọ nọrọ n'afọ ndị mbụ ya na ọdịda anyanwụ United States ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ, ọ sonyeere ndị agha United States wee jee ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ nzuzo nke Assistant Inspector General nke US Army Benjamin O. Davis Sr.  O mere nke a iji nweta ego zuru oke iji kwụọ ụgwọ kọleji. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ oge agha dị ka onye ọrụ sergeant na 93rd Infantry Division na Pacific.

== Ndụ agụmakwụkwọ na ọkachamara ==
Mgbe ọ chụpụrụ ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ya na mahadum Howard . Na 1950 e nyere ya nzere bachelọ, summa cum laude. Na n'oge ya na Howard ọ nwetara mkpali ide. O bipụtara ọtụtụ abụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ kọleji na akwụkwọ akụkọ ụlọ akwụkwọ. N'otu afọ ahụ ọ kwagara Chicago wee lụọ Matte Etha Johnson. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na nzere nna ya ukwu wee nweta ya na Mahadum Northwwest (MA) mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi obodo na ngalaba mmalite nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ọdụ ụgbọ elu. Mgbe ogologo oge nọ n'ọkwa a, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ihi na o chere na a gafeworo ya n'ihi agbụrụ ya. Site n'oge ya na Northwestern ọ bịara kwenyekwuo na ọ chọrọ ide. Ndị prọfesọ ya toro ya maka ọrụ ya ma kpọọ ya ezigbo onye na-ede uri. Mgbe ịrụsi ọrụ ike na jụsịrị Emanuel, e nyere ya John Hay Whitney Fellowship nke kwadoro ọrụ ya na Northwestern wee nata akara mmụta MA na 1953, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rampersad|first=Arnold|date=1989-01-01|title=AFRO-AMERICAN POETS SINCE 1955. (Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 41)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26366372|journal=Resources for American Literary Study|volume=16|issue=1|pages=244–247|doi=10.2307/26366372|issn=0048-7384}}&lt;/ref&gt; na afọ mbụ ọrụ ya n'ebe Ph.D. nzere na Mahadum Columbia (Ph.D.). N'oge na Columbia ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na Harlem YWCA Business School. Na 1957, ọ kwagara New York City, bụ ebe ọ kụziri na City College of New York (CUNY), ebe na 1960 ọ kụziiri kọleji mbụ klas na [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|African-American]] [[Ábu|uri]] na-eduzi ndị ọkà mmụta n'ọdịnihu dị ka Addison Gayle Jr. &lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes.com&quot;&gt;William Yardley, [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/12/books/james-a-emanuel-poet-who-wrote-of-racism-dies-at-92.html &quot;James A. Emanuel, Poet Who Wrote of Racism, Dies at 92&quot;], ''The New York Times'', October 11, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na uri ya mgbe niile nke ebe akwụkwọ mbipụta dị iche iche ama ama dịka New York Times na-agba ume.

Emanuel na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ, na ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ mbụ ya bụ mbipụta nke nchịkọta uri nke Langston Hughes, onye Emanuel weere na onye nduzi ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;lcweb2.loc.gov&quot;&gt;[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss/eadpdfmss/2003/ms003041.pdf James A. Emanuel: A Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress], prepared by T. Michael Womack, Manuscript Division, [[Library of Congress]], Washington, D.C., 2000. Accessed May 6, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; N'ikpeazụ yn 1962 ọ natara akara ugo mmụta ya site na nkwado nke nwunye ya na nwa nwoke dị afọ asaa. O nwere ike imeri ihe mgbochi nke ndụ onwe ya na nke ọkachamara ya. Ka afọ gafere Emanuel nwere nkụda mmụọ maka ọnọdụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na America. A na-eji ya ede oji site na nwata mana ọrụ ndị na-adịbeghị anya metụtara ndị isi Bekee dịka Shakespeare. Ka ọ na-amụ Hughes ọ chọpụtara enweghị nlebara anya nke ndị ode akwụkwọ ojii nwetara wee kpebie iwere ihe n'aka ya. Ọ malitere ịgụ ọrụ ndị odee ojii ma bu n'obi ikpughe mkpa ndị ode akwụkwọ ojii dị. Ma otu a ka o siri malite mmegharị ahụ. N'afọ 1966, nkuzi izizi na abụ ojii ka a ga-akụzi na CCNY. Ọchịchọ ya bụ ilekwasị anya na njirimara agbụrụ, ịma agbụrụ, na ịma nlebara anya na ndị nna nna ya na ndị ha na ha dịkọrọ ndụ. Mgbe enyere ya ọkwa nkuzi na mahadum dị na Europe na ngwụcha 1960, ọ kwagara mba ofesi. Mgbe otu nwa ya nwoke, James A. Emanuel Jr., gburu onwe ya na Los Angeles afọ iri abụọ ka e mesịrị, mgbe e tiri ya ihe, n'okwu Emanuel &quot;ndị uwe ojii atọ dị egwu,&quot; o kwere nkwa na ọ gaghị alaghachi United States. &lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes.com&quot;/&gt; Emanuel mechara kụziri na Mahadum Toulouse (dị ka ọkà mmụta Fulbright na 1968-1969), na Mahadum Grenoble, na Mahadum Warsaw . Ọ nọ na Paris, [[France]], mgbe ọ nwụrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes.com&quot; /&gt;

== Edemede ==

=== Abụ ===
Emanuel bụ onye na-ede uri, ọkà mmụta na onye nkatọ. Dị ka onye na-ede uri, o bipụtara ihe karịrị abụ 300 na akwụkwọ 13 n'otu n'otu. A na-akpọ Emanuel otu n'ime ndị kasị mma, na nke a na-eleghara anya, ndị na-ede uri nke oge ya.  Ndị nkatọ ewepụtala ọtụtụ ihe kpatara uri Emanuel na-eleghara anya site na ụwa ka ukwuu nke akwụkwọ, gụnyere eziokwu ahụ bụ na o dere ụdị uri ọdịnala ndị ọzọ, na ọ hapụrụ United States, na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ jụrụ isonye na ụwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ziri ezi . Nwa agụmakwụkwọ. &lt;ref&gt;Dan Schneider, &quot;The Not So Strange Emanuel Case&quot;, ''Cosmoetica'', accessed May 6, 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1968 Emanuel mbụ abụ abụ aha ya bụ &quot;The Treehouse na ndị ọzọ poems&quot; e bipụtara. Mpịakọta a nwere isiokwu ndị dị ka ịdị ọcha, ihe mgbu nke ntorobịa na ihe omume nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ site na ahụmahụ ya. Abụ a mgbe ụfọdụ dị oké njọ, mgbe ụfọdụ na-akpa ọchị, mgbe ụfọdụ na-abụ abụ, ma ọ dịghị ọkụ. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ha na-eji usoro ọdịnala na ukwe, mana mgbe ụfọdụ na-egosipụta blues na ụdị jazz nke a mụtara na mbụ, ikekwe, site na uri nke Langston Hughes. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rampersad|first=Arnold|date=1989-01-01|title=AFRO-AMERICAN POETS SINCE 1955. (Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 41)|journal=Resources for American Literary Study|volume=16|issue=1|pages=244–247|doi=10.2307/resoamerlitestud.16.1.0244|issn=0048-7384}}&lt;/ref&gt; Egwu ya na-egosipụta nchegbu agbụrụ na dịka enyi ya Marvin Holdt kwuru na ọ na-egosipụtakwa akụkụ nke ahụmahụ ndị ojii America na America, na-emeso ya n'obi ilu na nnupụisi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rampersad|first=Arnold|date=1989-01-01|title=AFRO-AMERICAN POETS SINCE 1955. (Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 41)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26366372|journal=Resources for American Literary Study|volume=16|issue=1|pages=244–247|doi=10.2307/26366372|issn=0048-7384}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Egwu ya pụtara n’akwụkwọ 11 nke ya nakwa n’ihe karịrị mpịakọta 120 ndị ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Emanuel|first=James A.|date=1995|title=[Poetry]: James A. Emanuel|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3042433|journal=African American Review|volume=29|issue=1|pages=92|doi=10.2307/3042433|issn=1062-4783}}&lt;/ref&gt; Egwu ya gụnyere &quot;Kraịst, Otu ụtụtụ&quot;, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Emanuel|first=James A.|date=1969|title=Christ, One Morning|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/273367|journal=Phylon|volume=30|issue=1|pages=100|doi=10.2307/273367|issn=0031-8906}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Snowman&quot;, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Emanuel|first=James A.|date=1965|title=Snowman|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/273710|journal=Phylon|volume=26|issue=4|pages=419|doi=10.2307/273710|issn=0031-8906}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Bojangles na Jo&quot;, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ Emanuel bụkwa onye a kwadoro na ọ na-emepụta ụdị edemede ọhụrụ, jazz-na-blues haiku, nke ọ gụrụ. maka nkwado egwu na Europe na Africa dum.  Maka ihe okike a, e nyere ya Sidney Bechet Creative Award na 1996. Emanuel nyekwara onyinye Dean's Award for Distinguished Achievement na 2007 site na Mahadum Columbia University 's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences &lt;ref&gt;Dan Schneider, Interview with James Emanuel, ''Cosmoetica'', accessed September 30, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; ma nyekwara ya onyinye John Hay Whitney, Mmekọrịta Saxton Memorial, na onyinye pụrụ iche sitere na ndị ojii. Ụlọ Akwụkwọ American Literature Forum. &lt;ref name=&quot;r1&quot;/&gt;

=== Nkatọ na akwụkwọ ozi ===
Na mgbakwunye na uri ya, Emanuel deziekwa (ya na Theodore Gross) akwụkwọ akụkọ Africa na-emetụta mmetụta nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''gbara ọchịchịrị Symphony: Negro Literature in America.'' Akwụkwọ akụkọ a, nke Free Press bipụtara na 1968, bụ otu n'ime nnukwu nchịkọta mbụ nke ihe odide African-American. &lt;ref name=&quot;lcweb2.loc.gov&quot;/&gt; Akụkọ gbasara akụkọ ihe mere eme, na ọrụ Emanuel dị ka onye nkuzi, nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọmụmụ nke ụdị akwụkwọ edemede Africa-American . &lt;ref name=&quot;lcweb2.loc.gov&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 2000, e debere nchịkọta akwụkwọ ozi na ihe odide Emanuel n'ọ́bá akwụkwọ Congress nke United States. Gwendolyn Brooks, Ralph Ellison, Benjamin O. Davis, Ossie Davis, WEB Du Bois, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere n'ime akwụkwọ ndị ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;lcweb2.loc.gov&quot;/&gt;

Emanuel deziekwara akwụkwọ ''Broadside Critics'' ise (1971–1975) wee dee ọtụtụ edemede dị egwu. Ọrụ ya ndị ọzọ e bipụtara gụnyere ihe ncheta, ''The Force and Reckoning'', nke e bipụtara na 2001.

== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ==

* ''Langston Hughes'' (New York: Twayne. 192 p.)
* ''Symphony gbara ọchịchịrị: Akwụkwọ Negro na America'' ya na Theodore L. Gross (New York: Free Press. 604 pp.)
* ''Ụlọ osisi na uri ndị ọzọ'' (Detroit: Broadside Press. 24 p.)
* ''Nwoke Panther'' (Detroit: Broadside Press. 32 p.)
* ''Otu m si dee/2'' na MacKinlay Kantor na Lawrence Osgood (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 256 pp.)
* ''Nwoke Oji Mba Ọzọ: Egwu Toulouse'' (Detroit: Lotus Press. 76 pp.)
* ''Chisel dị n'ọchịchịrị (Ahọrọ abụ ọhụrụ na nke ọhụrụ)'' (Detroit: Lotus Press. 73 p.)
* ''Uche Onye na-ede uri'' (New York: Regents. 85pp.)
* ''Bowl gbajiri agbaji (abụ ọhụrụ na nke anakọtara)'' (Detroit: Lotus Press. 85 pp.)
* ''James na-egbu egbu na abụ ndị ọzọ'' (Detroit: Lotus Press. 82 p.)
* ''Mmetụta Quagmire''
* ''Ọka dum: Abụ anakọtara, 1958–1989'' (Detroit: Lotus Press. 396 p.)
* ''De la rage au cœur'' na Jean Migrenne na Michel Fabre (Thaon, France: Amiot/Lenganey. 173 pp.)
* ''Blues na oji na ọcha''
* ''Ịbịakwute Mumia: 16 Haiku''
* ''Jazz sitere na Eze Haiku''
* ''The Force na Reckoning''

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050715023407/http://www.james-a-emanuel.com/ Ebe obibi James Emanuel]
* Watson, Douglas. &quot;James A. Emanuel.&quot; ''Ndị na-ede uri Afro-American kemgbe 1955'', nke Trudier Harris-Lopez na Thadious M. Davis, Gale, 1985 deziri. Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ Vol. 41. ''Ụlọ ihe enyemaka nke Gale Literature''
* Emanuel, James A. “[Abụ]: James A. Emanuel.” ''African American Review'', vol. 29, mba. 1, 1995, p.&amp;nbsp;92–92
* Emanuel, James A. “Kraịst, Otu ụtụtụ.” ''Phylon'', vol. 30, mba. 1, 1969, p.&amp;nbsp;100–100
* Emanuel, James A. “Snowman.” ''Phylon'', vol. 26, mba. 4, 1965, p.&amp;nbsp;419–419
* Dan Schneider, [https://web.archive.org/web/20131002062233/http://www.thesimon.com/magazine/articles/diamond_in_the_rough/01086_whole_grain_collected_poems_james_a_emanuel.html &quot;Onyinye dum: Abụ Achịkọtara nke James A. Emanuel&quot;], ''Simon'', February 16, 2006
* Anthony Zanetti, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071205111457/http://books.monstersandcritics.com/features/article_1378208.php/Featured_Book_Review__another__Whole_Grain_Collected_Poems_by_James_Emanuel Nlebanya nke ọka dum: Abụ ndị anakọtara nke James A. Emanuel], Disemba 3, 2007
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050301012304/http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~richie/poetry/html/aupoem118.html Emanuel's ''The Negro'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051220115356/http://www.sursumcorda.com/omniversica/songs/omniversica2.ram Mkparịta ụka ọdịyo dị n'ịntanetị na Emanuel]
* [https://archive.today/20120914163345/http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/nprn/news/news.newsmain?action=article&amp;ARTICLE_ID=908445 Onye na-ede uri Nebraska mụrụ na-achọta ama na mba ofesi] &lt;/link&gt;&lt; [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] /link&gt; site na Avishay Artsy, N'ajụjụ ọnụ Nebraska Public Radio na Emanuel
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>James Hillocks</title>
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'''James Hillocks''' (amụrụ 28 Jenụwarị 1915) bụ onye na-ese ihe osise, amụrụ na Buckie, Scotland . Ọ meriri ihe nrite Guthrie na 1947 site n'ọrụ ya, eserese mmanụ ''nke Portrait of My Mother'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000564/19470627/007/0002|title=Dundee Courier - Friday 27 June 1947}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara nkuzi nka na Ghana.

== Ndụ ==
A mụrụ ya na 1915 na 8 Cluny Terrace, Buckie. Nna ya bụ Edward Hillocks (29 Maachị 1870 - 28 Juun 1962) na nne ya bụ Margaret Johnson (amụrụ c.1872). Nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye Edward Hillocks (4 October 1902 - 8 Maachị 1962) bụ injinia moto. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000445/19620310/181/0008|title=Aberdeen Evening Express - Saturday 10 March 1962}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ lụrụ Kathleen Kerr Moyes, nke a maara dị ka Kay, na 1949. Ha mụrụ nwa nwoke na 24 Jenụwarị 1951 na ụlọ ọgwụ Seafield na Buckie. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000540/19510129/202/0008|title=The Scotsman - Monday 29 January 1951}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị Hillocks akwagalarị Ashimola na Gold Coast, mana Kay lọghachiri Scotland ka ọ mụọ nwa ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

Na 4 Mee 1955, Kay nwere nwa nwanyị. Oge a ọ laghachighị Scotland ma mụọ nwa ahụ na Suntresu Hospital, Kumasi, Gold Coast. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000540/19550509/354/0012|title=The Scotsman - Monday 09 May 1955}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Art ==
Hillocks gụrụ akwụkwọ na Grey's School of Art na Aberdeen. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Robert Sivell ma bụrụkwa onye ha na Alberto Morrocco na Taylor Bremner dịkọrọ ndụ. Ya na Morrrocco na Taylor ọ na-ese ihe osise n'okpuru nlekọta Sivell, ọkachasị n'ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi nke Mahadum Aberdeen Union. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/44252094|title=Changing Lessons: The Kumasi School of &quot;Art and Crafts&quot; in a Scottish Regime (1952-1962)|date=27 August 2020|journal=Asian Research Journal of Arts &amp; Social Sciences|pages=42}}&lt;/ref&gt;

James McClellan MacKendrick (1920-1988) mara Hillocks kemgbe 1945. Hillocks gbasoro usoro 'Arts and Crafts' na Grey's School of Art wee nwetakwa asambodo onye nkuzi site na ngalaba agụmakwụkwọ nke Scotland.  &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ nọ na 5 Cluny Terrace, Buckie, Hillocks banyere ọrụ abụọ n'ime ihe ngosi Royal Scottish Academy nke 1947. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na naanị oge o gosipụtara na RSA. Ọrụ ndị ahụ bụ: ''Eserese Nne M'' na ''Ohere Ụlọ Akwụkwọ'' . O jiri foto nne ya nweta ihe nrite Guthrie . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000540/19470627/110/0006|title=The Scotsman - Friday 27 June 1947}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ natara onyinye Carnegie Trust nke nyere ya ohere ịga Europe ruo Septemba 1949. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt;

Enyi ya James MacKendrick ghọrọ onye nlekọta nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Art na Kumasi College na Gold Coast (ugbu a Ghana) maka oge 1952–62. WE Duncanson ghọrọ onye isi kọleji site na 1954 ruo 1961. Kọleji mere ọtụtụ nhọpụta nka nka Scottish:- Tom McCrorie MacNair, Conrad McKenna, GW Lennox Patterson; na Glasgow School of Art ghọrọ ụlọ mkpochapụ maka ndị nkuzi. Onye nyocha nke mpụga nke oge ahụ bụ Douglas Bliss, onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ nka nke Glasgow . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt;

Na 1950, Hillocks bụ onye ọzọ gara Gold Coast ka ọ nwetara ọrụ ebe ahụ dị ka onye nkuzi nka na kọleji Ọzụzụ Ndị nkuzi. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000566/19500205/021/0002|title=Sunday Post - Sunday 05 February 1950}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Gold Coast mebere usoro ọzụzụ nka nke Scottish - site na 1952 ruo 1962 nke a maara dị ka 'oge Scottish' na Ghana - na Hillocks bụ otu n'ime ndị nkuzi na College of Art nke Mahadum Sayensị na Nkà na ụzụ Kwame Nkrumah (KNUST), Kumasi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342496319|title=Changing Lessons: The Kumasi School of &quot;Art and Crafts&quot; in a Scottish Regime (1952-1962)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ Hillock bụ Edmund Tetteh, onye a maara nke ọma dị ka Prọfesọ EJK Tetteh, onye na-ese ihe nke Kumasi Realism. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hurstpublishers.com/book/kumasi-realism-1951-2007/|title=Kumasi Realism, 1951-2007 &amp;#124; Hurst Publishers|work=HURST}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tetteh kwuru banyere Hillocks na ọ bụ nnukwu agba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343344914|title=Adaptive Art Education in Achimota College: G. A. Stevens, H. V. Meyerowitz and Colonial False Dichotomies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nwa akwụkwọ ọzọ [[Grace Kwami|bụ Grace Kwami]] nwetara usoro ezi uche na mmetụta sitere n'aka James Hillocks. Hillocks webatara usoro ndị ahụ site na 1952. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fZZxDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22James+Hillocks%22+death+ghana&amp;pg=PA232|title=A Companion to Modern African Art|first=Gitti|author=Salami|date=24 December 2013|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị Hillocks si Scotland na-aga azụ na azụ na Gold Coast n'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ. Gold Coast nwetara nnwere onwe na 1957, ghọrọ Ghana. A maara na James Hillock nọrọ ebe ahụ ka Ghana nwechara nnwere onwe. Ogologo oge ole ka edoghị anya. Ndị Hillocks si Ghana buru ụgbọ mmiri gaa England na Disemba 1958. Ha na-alaghachi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Portknockie na Banffshire. A maghị ma ha laghachiri Ghana dịka ha na-emebu ma emechaa. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/1518/images/30807_A001419-00302?treeid=&amp;personid=&amp;rc=&amp;usePUB=true&amp;_phsrc=GYS25&amp;_phstart=successSource&amp;pId=28338310&lt;/ref&gt;

''Window ime ụlọ akwụkwọ'' abụrụla ọrịa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.invaluable.com/artist/hillocks-james-idtvpks15f/sold-at-auction-prices/|title=James Hillocks Paintings &amp; Artwork for Sale &amp;#124; James Hillocks Art Value Price Guide}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
kọleji site na 1954 ruo 1961. Kọleji mere ọtụtụ nhọpụta nka nka Scottish:- Tom McCrorie MacNair, j1988) mara Hillocks kemgbe 1945. Hillocks gbasoro usoro nka nka Scottish:- Tom McCrorie MacNair, j1988) mar{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>James Earl Hardy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>671983</id>
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'''James Earl Hardy''' (amuru 1966 na Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York) bu onye ode akwukwo America, onye ode akwukwo na onye odeakụkọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.lambdaliterary.org/features/rem/07/21/james-earl-hardy-remembers-e-lynn-harris/|title=James Earl Hardy Remembers E. Lynn Harris|author=Hardy|first=James Earl|date=2010-07-21|work=Lambda Literary|accessdate=2018-08-04|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-elekarị anya dị ka onye mbụ gosipụtara akụkọ ịhụnanya nwoke na nwanyị nwoke na nwanyị na-eme n'ime [[Hip hop music|obodo hip-hop]], ihe odide ya bụ ihe e ji mara ya site na nyocha nke ahụmahụ LGBTQ nke Africa-American. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MUIOAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=james+earl+hardy+novelist+born+in|title=LGBTQ America Today: An Encyclopedia|author=Hawley|first=John C.|date=2008-11-30|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=9780313339905|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ Hardy kacha mara amara bụ usoro ''B-Boy Blues'' . Usoro ''B-Boys Blues'' nwere akwụkwọ akụkọ isii na otu obere akụkọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://aalbc.com/authors/author.php?author_name=James+Earl+Hardy|title=James Earl Hardy, Author Info, Published Books, Bio, Photo, Video, and More|work=AALBC.com, the African American Literature Book Club|language=en|accessdate=2018-08-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gbanwere ''B-Boy Blues'' ka ọ bụrụ egwuregwu na 2013 yana n'ime ihe nkiri, nke Jussie Smollett duziri ma dee ya, na 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bet.com/article/nn5020/jussie-smollett-makes-directorial-debut-with-b-boy-blues|title=Jussie Smollett Making Directorial Debut with Classic Novel 'B-Boy Blues'|work=[[BET]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hardy gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mahadum St. John ma mesịa gaa n'ihu gụchaa na Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism na 1993. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2JpbAgAAQBAJ&amp;q=james+earl+hardy+born+in+brooklyn&amp;pg=PT568|title=Encyclopedia of African-American Literature|author=Samuels|first=Wilfred D.|date=2015-04-22|publisher=Infobase Learning|isbn=9781438140599|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;Site na 1992 ruo 1994, o dere maka ''izu ụka Entertainment'' dịka onye nta akụkọ egwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://ew.com/author/james-earl-hardy/|title=James Earl Hardy|work=EW.com|accessdate=2018-08-06|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ==

* ''Ndị ikom nke Ụlọ: B-Boy Blues Novel'' (2018)
* ''B-Boy Blues'' (2013) (egwu), Ogbe Ndịda Obodo Ụlọ ihe nkiri Ememme &quot;Audience Award&quot; mmeri
* ''Ị nwere ike ịhụ ihe m na-ekwu?'' '': Akụkọ gbasara mmụọ'' (2012), Onye nturu ugo nturu ugo Egwurugwu maka kacha mma LGBT Erotica
* &quot;Nganga&quot; (obere akụkọ), ''n'ihi na ụmụ nwoke nwere agba bụ ndị chere na igbu onwe ha mgbe egwurugwu na-ezughị ezu: Ịbịa nke Age, Na-apụta, na Ịbịa Ụlọ'' (2012)
* &quot;Ọ ka na-atọ Ya ụtọ?&quot; (obere akụkọ), na ''Ndụ Visible: A Tribute To E. Lynn Harris'' nke [[Stanley Bennett Clay]] na Terrance Dean (2010), onye nhọpụta ihe nrite akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke African American Literary Award
* ''Nkwupụta nke Homo Thug Porn Star'' (2010) (egwu), Ememme Ụlọ ihe nkiri Obodo Obodo &quot;Best Dramatic Short&quot; mmeri
* ''Ụlọ abụghị Ụlọ: B-Boy Blues Novel'' (2005)
* ''Hụrụ Onye Gị na Ya N'anya: B-Boy Blues Novel'' (2002)
* ''Ụbọchị Eazy-E nwụrụ: Akwụkwọ akụkọ B-Boy'' (2001)
* ''Fag Gags: Na-agụ Site, Maka &amp; Banyere Ụmụaka'' (2000) (satire)
* ''Ọ bụrụ naanị maka otu Nite'' (1998) (akwụkwọ akụkọ), American Library Association LGBT Caucus Honoree
* ''Azụ 2 Azụ: Ihe Anthology na-egosi ndị na-ere ahịa kacha mma: B-Boy Blues na oge nke abụọ gburugburu'' (1997)
* ''Oge nke abụọ gburugburu'' (1996) (akwụkwọ akụkọ)
* ''Boyz II Men'' (1996) (biography)
* &quot;Were ụgbọ oloko 'A'&quot; (obere akụkọ), na ''Shade: Anthology of Fiction site n'aka ndị nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke nke Africa Descent'' (1996)
* ''B-Boy Blues: Onye na-enwe mmekọahụ siri ike, na-akpa ọchị, akụkọ ịhụnanya ojii na-acha ojii'' (1994), onye ikpeazụ nke Lambda Literary Award (Lammy) maka aha LGBT/Small Press kacha mma.
* ''Spike Lee'' (1991) (biography)

== Ntụaka ==
mara ya site na nyocha nke ahụmahụ LGBTQ nke Africa-American.  Ọrụ Hardy kacha mara amara bụ usoro B-B{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>James Ijames</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>48167</id>
    <revision>
      <id>671992</id>
      <parentid>515151</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T14:48:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ceentia</username>
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'''James Ijames''' ( /aɪ m z / ) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fox|first=David|date=October 21, 2017|url=https://www.phillymag.com/things-to-do/2017/10/21/james-ijames-actor-playwright/|title=James Ijames: Breakout Bard|work=Philadelphia|accessdate=June 11, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye America na-ede egwuregwu, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, na prọfesọ sitere na Bessemer City, North Carolina . Ọ natara BA na Drama site na Morehouse College na Atlanta, Georgia, wee nweta MFA ya na Acting si Temple University na Philadelphia, ebe ọ nọ ugbu a. Ugbu a, ọ bụ onye mmekọ Prọfesọ nke Ụlọ ihe nkiri na Mahadum Villanova &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamesijames.com|title=WELCOME|work=Jamesijames.com|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye ntụzi aka nka nke Wilma Theatre na Philadelphia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=James Ijames|url=https://wilmatheater.org/artist/james-ijames/|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=Wilma Theater|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ijames bụ onye guzobere Orbiter 3, onye na-ede egwuregwu mbụ nke Philadelphia na-emepụta mkpokọta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.orbiter3.org|title=Home|work=Orbiter3.org|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwagharị ya nke ''Hamlet'', akpọrọ ''Fat Ham'', meriri Pulitzer Prize for Drama na 2022. Mmepụta ahụ gbara na Thelọ ihe nkiri Ọha n'oge ọkọchị nke 2022, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FAT HAM|url=https://publictheater.org/about/press/21-22/fat-ham|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=publictheater.org|archivedate=2023-05-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508035040/https://publictheater.org/about/press/21-22/fat-ham}}&lt;/ref&gt; tupu emepee na Broadway na Eprel 2023. Ọ bụ onye nnata nke 2018 [[The Whiting Foundation|Whiting Award]] maka ihe nkiri na onyinye F. Otto Haas maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri Philadelphia Emerging.

== Ọrụ ==
Emepụtara ọrụ Ijames site na Flashpoint Theater Company, Orbiter 3, Theatre Horizon ( Norristown, Pennsylvania ), National Black Theatre ( Harlem ), Ally Theater Company ( [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] ), na ndị ọzọ.

''Kill Move Paradise'' nwere mmalite ya na National Black Theatre na 2017. Ben Brantley nke The New York Times kwuru na &quot;Egwuregwu Mr. Ijames enweghị echiche nke njedebe, ma ọ bụ mkpebi. Ọ na-ewere ọnọdụ na nrọ nrọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke ihe omume na-eme ugboro ugboro, fugue-dị ka, ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.&quot; O jiri ọrụ Ijames tụnyere ọrụ mbụ nke ogige Suzan-Lori. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/11/theater/kill-move-paradise-review.html|title=Review: The Unspeakable Pain of an African-American Afterlife|first=Ben|author=Brantley|date=11 June 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Emepụtara ''White'' na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Horizon. Na nyocha ya, Jim Rutter nke Philadelphia Inquirer kwuru na njedebe egwuregwu ahụ na otú o si &quot;na-agbakwụnye ntụgharị ntụgharị site n'ịkwagharị ụlọ Ijames nke iji ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-erigbu ụmụ nwanyị, site na omenala nke oge a na ndị inyom ọcha.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/entertainment/arts/white-at-theatre-horizon-racial-conflict-art-and-laughs-20170510.html|title='WHITE' at Theatre Horizon: Racial conflict, art, and laughs|work=Philly.com|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Emepụtara ''Moon Man Walk'' bụ Orbiter 3 na Philadelphia. Bryan Buttler na-ede akwụkwọ maka Magazin Philadelphia toro ogo nke ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ, na-ekwu na &quot;enwere ọtụtụ okwu banyere &quot;ọrụ ọhụrụ&quot; na ụlọ ihe nkiri na opera n'obodo a, mana Moon Man Walk na-enye ụdị nka nka nke ndị obodo Philadelphia chọrọ. ọ bụghị naanị iji ọrụ ọhụrụ nweta mana itinye ego na ya.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.phillymag.com/ticket/2015/07/06/review-moon-man-walk-with-orbiter-3|title=REVIEW: &quot;Moon Man Walk&quot; with Orbiter 3|date=6 July 2015|work=Phillymag.com|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ejije ==

* ''Agbahapụ'' ( NEA kwadoro, Theatre Exile, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Abandon|url=https://theatreexile.org/shows/abandon/|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=TheatreExile|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-05-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508035039/https://theatreexile.org/shows/abandon/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ọkpụkpụ Ọma'' (nke Studio Theatre nyere, Washington, DC, 2023) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Studio Theatre {{!}} Good Bones|url=https://www.studiotheatre.org/plays/play-detail/2022-2023-good-bones#:~:text=A%20Studio-commissioned%20play%20by,only%20just%20beginning%20to%20understand.|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=www.studiotheatre.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Reverie'' (Azuka Ụlọ ihe nkiri, 2022) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reverie|url=https://www.azukatheatre.org/reverie|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=Azuka Theatre|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ntorobia''
* ''Akụkọ banyere Ije ije'' (Theatre Exile, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
* ''Matter Out'' (Ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri InterAct na ihe nkiri ọkụ dị, Columbus, Ohio)
* ''Kill Move Paradise'' (National Black Theatre, 2017)
* ''White'' ( PlayPenn New Play Conference, Theatre Horizon, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
* ''Ọnwa Man Walk'' (Orbiter 3 Ndị na-ede egwuregwu, 2015)
* ''Ọnwụnwa kacha adọrọ adọrọ nke Miz Martha Washington'' (Ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Flashpoint, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
* ''Ebe Nzọcha mkpụrụ''
* ''Fat Ham'' ( Wilma Ụlọ ihe nkiri, 2021) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A New Hamlet Centers Black and Queer Characters|url=https://www.theatrephiladelphia.org/theatre-news/a-new-hamlet-centers-black-and-queer-characters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''TJ hụrụ Sally 4 n'anya'' (Ụlọ ọrụ Ally Theatre, 2020)

== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result

|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2011
|F. Otto Haas Award
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Emerging Artist
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Haas award&quot;&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Barrymore Award
|Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Play
|''Superior Donuts''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;newplayexchange.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Supporting Actor Winners All Years|url=http://www.theatrephiladelphia.org/barrymore-awards/all?field_year_value=&amp;tid=45&amp;keys_award=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|Barrymore Award
|Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Play
|''Angels in America, Part One: Millennium Approaches''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;newplayexchange.org&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2014
|Barrymore Award
|Outstanding Direction of a Play
|''The Brothers Size''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Direction of A Play Winners All years|url=http://www.theatrephiladelphia.org/barrymore-awards/all?field_year_value=&amp;tid=51&amp;keys_award=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|Terrence McNally Award
|New Play
|''White''
| {{Won}}
|
|-
|Pew Fellowship in the Arts
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Playwriting
| {{Won}}
|
|-
|2017
|Whiting Award
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Drama
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Whiting Award 2017&quot;&gt;
|-
|2018
|Kesselring Prize
|Playwriting
|''Miz Martha''
| {{sho|Honorable mention}}
|-
|2022
|[[Ihe nrite Pulitzer|Pulitzer Prize]]
|Drama
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Fat Ham''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT 2022&quot;&gt;
|-
|2023
|Tony Award
|Best Play
| {{Nom}}
|
|-
|2024
|Lambda Literary Award
|Drama
| {{Pending}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.them.us/story/lambda-literary-awards-2024-shortlist-announcement|title=Announcing the Finalists for the 36th Annual Lambda Literary Awards|work=[[them.]]|date=2024-03-27|accessdate=2024-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ntụaka ==
guzobere Orbiter 3, onye na-ede egwuregwu mbụ nke Philadelphia na-emepụta mkpokọta.  Nkwagharị ya nke Hamlet, akpọrọ Fat ooPhiladelphia na-emepụta mkpokọta. Nkwagharị ya nke Hamlet{{Reflist|2}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <id>671993</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-03T14:50:12Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Ceentia</username>
        <id>24734</id>
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      <origin>671993</origin>
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      <text bytes="7679" sha1="iljgar91vy9q6j7awpyp5ychip7qc0q" xml:space="preserve"> {{Databox}}

'''James Ijames''' ( /aɪ m z / ) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fox|first=David|date=October 21, 2017|url=https://www.phillymag.com/things-to-do/2017/10/21/james-ijames-actor-playwright/|title=James Ijames: Breakout Bard|work=Philadelphia|accessdate=June 11, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye America na-ede egwuregwu, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, na prọfesọ sitere na Bessemer City, North Carolina . Ọ natara BA na Drama site na Morehouse College na Atlanta, Georgia, wee nweta MFA ya na Acting si Temple University na Philadelphia, ebe ọ nọ ugbu a. Ugbu a, ọ bụ onye mmekọ Prọfesọ nke Ụlọ ihe nkiri na Mahadum Villanova &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamesijames.com|title=WELCOME|work=Jamesijames.com|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye ntụzi aka nka nke Wilma Theatre na Philadelphia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=James Ijames|url=https://wilmatheater.org/artist/james-ijames/|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=Wilma Theater|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ijames bụ onye guzobere Orbiter 3, onye na-ede egwuregwu mbụ nke Philadelphia na-emepụta mkpokọta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.orbiter3.org|title=Home|work=Orbiter3.org|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwagharị ya nke ''Hamlet'', akpọrọ ''Fat Ham'', meriri Pulitzer Prize for Drama na 2022. Mmepụta ahụ gbara na Thelọ ihe nkiri Ọha n'oge ọkọchị nke 2022, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FAT HAM|url=https://publictheater.org/about/press/21-22/fat-ham|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=publictheater.org|archivedate=2023-05-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508035040/https://publictheater.org/about/press/21-22/fat-ham}}&lt;/ref&gt; tupu emepee na Broadway na Eprel 2023. Ọ bụ onye nnata nke 2018 [[The Whiting Foundation|Whiting Award]] maka ihe nkiri na onyinye F. Otto Haas maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri Philadelphia Emerging.

== Ọrụ ==
Emepụtara ọrụ Ijames site na Flashpoint Theater Company, Orbiter 3, Theatre Horizon ( Norristown, Pennsylvania ), National Black Theatre ( Harlem ), Ally Theater Company ( [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] ), na ndị ọzọ.

''Kill Move Paradise'' nwere mmalite ya na National Black Theatre na 2017. Ben Brantley nke The New York Times kwuru na &quot;Egwuregwu Mr. Ijames enweghị echiche nke njedebe, ma ọ bụ mkpebi. Ọ na-ewere ọnọdụ na nrọ nrọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke ihe omume na-eme ugboro ugboro, fugue-dị ka, ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.&quot; O jiri ọrụ Ijames tụnyere ọrụ mbụ nke ogige Suzan-Lori. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/11/theater/kill-move-paradise-review.html|title=Review: The Unspeakable Pain of an African-American Afterlife|first=Ben|author=Brantley|date=11 June 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Emepụtara ''White'' na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Horizon. Na nyocha ya, Jim Rutter nke Philadelphia Inquirer kwuru na njedebe egwuregwu ahụ na otú o si &quot;na-agbakwụnye ntụgharị ntụgharị site n'ịkwagharị ụlọ Ijames nke iji ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-erigbu ụmụ nwanyị, site na omenala nke oge a na ndị inyom ọcha.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/entertainment/arts/white-at-theatre-horizon-racial-conflict-art-and-laughs-20170510.html|title='WHITE' at Theatre Horizon: Racial conflict, art, and laughs|work=Philly.com|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Emepụtara ''Moon Man Walk'' bụ Orbiter 3 na Philadelphia. Bryan Buttler na-ede akwụkwọ maka Magazin Philadelphia toro ogo nke ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ, na-ekwu na &quot;enwere ọtụtụ okwu banyere &quot;ọrụ ọhụrụ&quot; na ụlọ ihe nkiri na opera n'obodo a, mana Moon Man Walk na-enye ụdị nka nka nke ndị obodo Philadelphia chọrọ. ọ bụghị naanị iji ọrụ ọhụrụ nweta mana itinye ego na ya.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.phillymag.com/ticket/2015/07/06/review-moon-man-walk-with-orbiter-3|title=REVIEW: &quot;Moon Man Walk&quot; with Orbiter 3|date=6 July 2015|work=Phillymag.com|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ejije ==

* ''Agbahapụ'' ( NEA kwadoro, Theatre Exile, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Abandon|url=https://theatreexile.org/shows/abandon/|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=TheatreExile|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-05-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508035039/https://theatreexile.org/shows/abandon/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ọkpụkpụ Ọma'' (nke Studio Theatre nyere, Washington, DC, 2023) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Studio Theatre {{!}} Good Bones|url=https://www.studiotheatre.org/plays/play-detail/2022-2023-good-bones#:~:text=A%20Studio-commissioned%20play%20by,only%20just%20beginning%20to%20understand.|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=www.studiotheatre.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Reverie'' (Azuka Ụlọ ihe nkiri, 2022) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reverie|url=https://www.azukatheatre.org/reverie|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=Azuka Theatre|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ntorobia''
* ''Akụkọ banyere Ije ije'' (Theatre Exile, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
* ''Matter Out'' (Ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri InterAct na ihe nkiri ọkụ dị, Columbus, Ohio)
* ''Kill Move Paradise'' (National Black Theatre, 2017)
* ''White'' ( PlayPenn New Play Conference, Theatre Horizon, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
* ''Ọnwa Man Walk'' (Orbiter 3 Ndị na-ede egwuregwu, 2015)
* ''Ọnwụnwa kacha adọrọ adọrọ nke Miz Martha Washington'' (Ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Flashpoint, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
* ''Ebe Nzọcha mkpụrụ''
* ''Fat Ham'' ( Wilma Ụlọ ihe nkiri, 2021) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A New Hamlet Centers Black and Queer Characters|url=https://www.theatrephiladelphia.org/theatre-news/a-new-hamlet-centers-black-and-queer-characters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''TJ hụrụ Sally 4 n'anya'' (Ụlọ ọrụ Ally Theatre, 2020)

== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result

|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2011
|F. Otto Haas Award
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Emerging Artist
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Haas award&quot;&gt;
|-
|Barrymore Award
|Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Play
|''Superior Donuts''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;newplayexchange.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Supporting Actor Winners All Years|url=http://www.theatrephiladelphia.org/barrymore-awards/all?field_year_value=&amp;tid=45&amp;keys_award=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|Barrymore Award
|Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Play
|''Angels in America, Part One: Millennium Approaches''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;newplayexchange.org&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2014
|Barrymore Award
|Outstanding Direction of a Play
|''The Brothers Size''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Direction of A Play Winners All years|url=http://www.theatrephiladelphia.org/barrymore-awards/all?field_year_value=&amp;tid=51&amp;keys_award=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|Terrence McNally Award
|New Play
|''White''
| {{Won}}
|
|-
|Pew Fellowship in the Arts
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Playwriting
| {{Won}}
|
|-
|2017
|Whiting Award
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Drama
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Whiting Award 2017&quot;&gt;
|-
|2018
|Kesselring Prize
|Playwriting
|''Miz Martha''
| {{sho|Honorable mention}}
|-
|2022
|[[Ihe nrite Pulitzer|Pulitzer Prize]]
|Drama
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Fat Ham''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT 2022&quot;&gt;
|-
|2023
|Tony Award
|Best Play
| {{Nom}}
|
|-
|2024
|Lambda Literary Award
|Drama
| {{Pending}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.them.us/story/lambda-literary-awards-2024-shortlist-announcement|title=Announcing the Finalists for the 36th Annual Lambda Literary Awards|work=[[them.]]|date=2024-03-27|accessdate=2024-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ntụaka ==
guzobere Orbiter 3, onye na-ede egwuregwu mbụ nke Philadelphia na-emepụta mkpokọta.  Nkwagharị ya nke Hamlet, akpọrọ Fat ooPhiladelphia na-emepụta mkpokọta. Nkwagharị ya nke Hamlet{{Reflist|2}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>iljgar91vy9q6j7awpyp5ychip7qc0q</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>671995</id>
      <parentid>671993</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T14:51:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ceentia</username>
        <id>24734</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>671995</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7660" sha1="nzwvvl98q1gtyvszkpq71rrzad6ro3w" xml:space="preserve"> {{Databox}}

'''James Ijames''' ( /aɪ m z / ) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fox|first=David|date=October 21, 2017|url=https://www.phillymag.com/things-to-do/2017/10/21/james-ijames-actor-playwright/|title=James Ijames: Breakout Bard|work=Philadelphia|accessdate=June 11, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye America na-ede egwuregwu, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, na prọfesọ sitere na Bessemer City, North Carolina . Ọ natara BA na Drama site na Morehouse College na Atlanta, Georgia, wee nweta MFA ya na Acting si Temple University na Philadelphia, ebe ọ nọ ugbu a. Ugbu a, ọ bụ onye mmekọ Prọfesọ nke Ụlọ ihe nkiri na Mahadum Villanova &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamesijames.com|title=WELCOME|work=Jamesijames.com|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye ntụzi aka nka nke Wilma Theatre na Philadelphia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=James Ijames|url=https://wilmatheater.org/artist/james-ijames/|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=Wilma Theater|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ijames bụ onye guzobere Orbiter 3, onye na-ede egwuregwu mbụ nke Philadelphia na-emepụta mkpokọta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.orbiter3.org|title=Home|work=Orbiter3.org|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwagharị ya nke ''Hamlet'', akpọrọ ''Fat Ham'', meriri Pulitzer Prize for Drama na 2022. Mmepụta ahụ gbara na Thelọ ihe nkiri Ọha n'oge ọkọchị nke 2022, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FAT HAM|url=https://publictheater.org/about/press/21-22/fat-ham|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=publictheater.org|archivedate=2023-05-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508035040/https://publictheater.org/about/press/21-22/fat-ham}}&lt;/ref&gt; tupu emepee na Broadway na Eprel 2023. Ọ bụ onye nnata nke 2018 [[The Whiting Foundation|Whiting Award]] maka ihe nkiri na onyinye F. Otto Haas maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri Philadelphia Emerging.

== Ọrụ ==
Emepụtara ọrụ Ijames site na Flashpoint Theater Company, Orbiter 3, Theatre Horizon ( Norristown, Pennsylvania ), National Black Theatre ( Harlem ), Ally Theater Company ( [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] ), na ndị ọzọ.

''Kill Move Paradise'' nwere mmalite ya na National Black Theatre na 2017. Ben Brantley nke The New York Times kwuru na &quot;Egwuregwu Mr. Ijames enweghị echiche nke njedebe, ma ọ bụ mkpebi. Ọ na-ewere ọnọdụ na nrọ nrọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke ihe omume na-eme ugboro ugboro, fugue-dị ka, ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.&quot; O jiri ọrụ Ijames tụnyere ọrụ mbụ nke ogige Suzan-Lori. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/11/theater/kill-move-paradise-review.html|title=Review: The Unspeakable Pain of an African-American Afterlife|first=Ben|author=Brantley|date=11 June 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Emepụtara ''White'' na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Horizon. Na nyocha ya, Jim Rutter nke Philadelphia Inquirer kwuru na njedebe egwuregwu ahụ na otú o si &quot;na-agbakwụnye ntụgharị ntụgharị site n'ịkwagharị ụlọ Ijames nke iji ụmụ nwanyị ojii na-erigbu ụmụ nwanyị, site na omenala nke oge a na ndị inyom ọcha.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/entertainment/arts/white-at-theatre-horizon-racial-conflict-art-and-laughs-20170510.html|title='WHITE' at Theatre Horizon: Racial conflict, art, and laughs|work=Philly.com|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Emepụtara ''Moon Man Walk'' bụ Orbiter 3 na Philadelphia. Bryan Buttler na-ede akwụkwọ maka Magazin Philadelphia toro ogo nke ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ, na-ekwu na &quot;enwere ọtụtụ okwu banyere &quot;ọrụ ọhụrụ&quot; na ụlọ ihe nkiri na opera n'obodo a, mana Moon Man Walk na-enye ụdị nka nka nke ndị obodo Philadelphia chọrọ. ọ bụghị naanị iji ọrụ ọhụrụ nweta mana itinye ego na ya.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.phillymag.com/ticket/2015/07/06/review-moon-man-walk-with-orbiter-3|title=REVIEW: &quot;Moon Man Walk&quot; with Orbiter 3|date=6 July 2015|work=Phillymag.com|accessdate=13 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ejije ==

* ''Agbahapụ'' ( NEA kwadoro, Theatre Exile, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Abandon|url=https://theatreexile.org/shows/abandon/|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=TheatreExile|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-05-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508035039/https://theatreexile.org/shows/abandon/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ọkpụkpụ Ọma'' (nke Studio Theatre nyere, Washington, DC, 2023) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Studio Theatre {{!}} Good Bones|url=https://www.studiotheatre.org/plays/play-detail/2022-2023-good-bones#:~:text=A%20Studio-commissioned%20play%20by,only%20just%20beginning%20to%20understand.|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=www.studiotheatre.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Reverie'' (Azuka Ụlọ ihe nkiri, 2022) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Reverie|url=https://www.azukatheatre.org/reverie|accessdate=2023-05-08|work=Azuka Theatre|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ntorobia''
* ''Akụkọ banyere Ije ije'' (Theatre Exile, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
* ''Matter Out'' (Ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri InterAct na ihe nkiri ọkụ dị, Columbus, Ohio)
* ''Kill Move Paradise'' (National Black Theatre, 2017)
* ''White'' ( PlayPenn New Play Conference, Theatre Horizon, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
* ''Ọnwa Man Walk'' (Orbiter 3 Ndị na-ede egwuregwu, 2015)
* ''Ọnwụnwa kacha adọrọ adọrọ nke Miz Martha Washington'' (Ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Flashpoint, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
* ''Ebe Nzọcha mkpụrụ''
* ''Fat Ham'' ( Wilma Ụlọ ihe nkiri, 2021) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A New Hamlet Centers Black and Queer Characters|url=https://www.theatrephiladelphia.org/theatre-news/a-new-hamlet-centers-black-and-queer-characters}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''TJ hụrụ Sally 4 n'anya'' (Ụlọ ọrụ Ally Theatre, 2020)

== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Work
!Result
!Ref
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2011
|F. Otto Haas Award
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Emerging Artist
| {{Won}}
|
|-
|Barrymore Award
|Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Play
|''Superior Donuts''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;newplayexchange.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Supporting Actor Winners All Years|url=http://www.theatrephiladelphia.org/barrymore-awards/all?field_year_value=&amp;tid=45&amp;keys_award=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012
|Barrymore Award
|Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Play
|''Angels in America, Part One: Millennium Approaches''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;newplayexchange.org&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2014
|Barrymore Award
|Outstanding Direction of a Play
|''The Brothers Size''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Outstanding Direction of A Play Winners All years|url=http://www.theatrephiladelphia.org/barrymore-awards/all?field_year_value=&amp;tid=51&amp;keys_award=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015
|Terrence McNally Award
|New Play
|''White''
| {{Won}}
|
|-
|Pew Fellowship in the Arts
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Playwriting
| {{Won}}
|
|-
|2017
|Whiting Award
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Drama
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Whiting Award 2017&quot;&gt;
|-
|2018
|Kesselring Prize
|Playwriting
|''Miz Martha''
| {{sho|Honorable mention}}
|-
|2022
|[[Ihe nrite Pulitzer|Pulitzer Prize]]
|Drama
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Fat Ham''
| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT 2022&quot;&gt;
|-
|2023
|Tony Award
|Best Play
| {{Nom}}
|
|-
|2024
|Lambda Literary Award
|Drama
| {{Pending}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.them.us/story/lambda-literary-awards-2024-shortlist-announcement|title=Announcing the Finalists for the 36th Annual Lambda Literary Awards|work=[[them.]]|date=2024-03-27|accessdate=2024-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ntụaka ==
guzobere Orbiter 3, onye na-ede egwuregwu mbụ nke Philadelphia na-emepụta mkpokọta.  Nkwagharị ya nke Hamlet, akpọrọ Fat ooPhiladelphia na-emepụta mkpokọta. Nkwagharị ya nke Hamlet{{Reflist|2}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>nzwvvl98q1gtyvszkpq71rrzad6ro3w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>James Budd Dixon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>48605</id>
    <revision>
      <id>671956</id>
      <parentid>671955</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T12:00:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ceentia</username>
        <id>24734</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>671956</origin>
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James Budd Dixon (November 26, 1900 - Disemba 1, 1967) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-akwụkwọ akwụkwọ American Abstract Expressionist .  Ọ bụ onye otu &quot;Sausalito Six&quot; nke ndị na-ese ihe na mpaghara San Francisco Bay.

== Ezinụlọ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
James Budd Dixon akwụkwọ na otu isiokwu nwere ezigbo ego na San Francisco, California.  Na 1920s, ọ ike nkà na Mahadum California, Berkeley, ebe ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe maka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Ọ jere ozi na Army Air Forces na Agha ahụmahụ nke, mgbe nke ahụ ihuenyo, ọ la duru na- nkà n'okpuru GI Bill, oge a na California School of Fine Arts (CSFA, ugbu a San Francisco Art Institute).  N'ime ụmụ klas ya na CSFA bụ ndị ọzọ na-ekiri Bay Area Abstract Expressionists, asị Richard Diebenkorn, John Hultberg, Frank Lobdell, Walter Kuhlman, na George Stillman .  A bịara mara ha dị ka &quot;Sausalito Six&quot; n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị bi n'obodo Sausalito dị n'ụdị mmiri nke dị n'ebe ugwu San Francisco (Dixon bụ otu n'ime ndị na-abụ, ma ọ na-  ezutekarị ebe ahụ na ndị ọzọ 

N'ime ndụ ya niile, Dixon nwanne onwe ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche, dịka onye na-ese aha azụmahịa na onye nkà.  Na 1950 ọ isi onye nkuzi na CSFA;  N'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya e nwere Sonia Gechtoff, Byron McClintock, na Robert S. Neuman . 

== Ọrụ nka ==
Dixon bụ ma onye na-ese ihe na onye na-akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.  N'afọ 1930, ọ na-ese ihe na ụdị Social Realist, ọ bụghịkwa ruo mgbe awụ ya dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na CSFA ka o nkeji ụdị ya, nke sitere na mbụ nke Jackson Pollock .  Eserese ndị a mechara gosi strok dị egwu nke na-mịpụta ppụpụ, na agba siri ike nke etinyere na nhụsianya siri ike, ebe ahịrị siri ike na-enye ike ike ya na ụzọ ya.  Otu onye nkatọ lere ya anya dị ka onye na-agba agba na-egosi ngosi n'etiti ndị mbụ nke Abstract Expressionists si na mpaghara Bay pụta.  N'afọ 1948, ya na ndị otu Sausalito isii mole aka pɔtụfoliyo nke lithograph 17 ịka Drawings nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe ama ama na ihe mere eme nke ike Abstract Expressionist.

Site na 1940s gaa n'ihu, Dixon na- anọ mgbe niile na veranda na ụlọ ngosi ihe ochie na West Coast na mgbe ụfọdụ n'ebe ndị ọzọ.  Ihe ọmụmụ ya bịara na-adịwanye njọ mgbe 1960 hụrụ ka nsogbu na-esiwanye ike, ọ nwụkwara na San Francisco na 1967. E liri ya n'ili ozu mba Golden Gate n' watch ya, Peggy Dixon (1892-1977).  ).

Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya bụ na nchịkọta nke Oakland Museum (California),  ma ole na ole na-ejide n'aka Library nke Congress na Smithsonian American Art Museum, n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.  Obere nchịkọta akwụkwọ, foto, na slide nke ọrụ Dixon bụ nke Archives of American Art ji. 

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|refs=&lt;ref name=acton&gt;Acton, David. ''The Stamp of Impulse: Abstract Expressionist Prints''. New York: Hudson Hills Press, 2001.&lt;/ref&gt;

 [http://www.marinscope.com/sausalito_marin_scope/opinion/sausalito-historical-society-the-sausalito-six/article_9a0df845-a95d-5ae5-b25e-1ba57851fbb6.html &quot;Sausalito Historical Society: The Sausalito Six&quot;]. ''Sausalito Marinscope '', Nov. 3, 2009. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

''Art in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1945-1980: An Illustrated History'', pp. 53–54.&lt;/ref&gt;

[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/james-budd-dixon-papers-7555 &quot;James Budd Dixon papers, 1945–1960&quot;]. Archives of American Art website. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.

[http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artist/?id=1284 &quot;James Budd Dixon&quot;]. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Renwick Gallery. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

[http://fostergwin.com/artist-bios/james-budd-dixon/ James Budd Dixon exhibition list]. Foster Gwin Art &amp; Antiques, San Francisco. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;}}</text>
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James Budd Dixon (November 26, 1900 - Disemba 1, 1967) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-akwụkwọ akwụkwọ American Abstract Expressionist .  Ọ bụ onye otu &quot;Sausalito Six&quot; nke ndị na-ese ihe na mpaghara San Francisco Bay.

== Ezinụlọ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
James Budd Dixon akwụkwọ na otu isiokwu nwere ezigbo ego na San Francisco, California.  Na 1920s, ọ ike nkà na Mahadum California, Berkeley, ebe ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe maka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Ọ jere ozi na Army Air Forces na Agha ahụmahụ nke, mgbe nke ahụ ihuenyo, ọ la duru na- nkà n'okpuru GI Bill, oge a na California School of Fine Arts (CSFA, ugbu a San Francisco Art Institute).  N'ime ụmụ klas ya na CSFA bụ ndị ọzọ na-ekiri Bay Area Abstract Expressionists, asị Richard Diebenkorn, John Hultberg, Frank Lobdell, Walter Kuhlman, na George Stillman .  A bịara mara ha dị ka &quot;Sausalito Six&quot; n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị bi n'obodo Sausalito dị n'ụdị mmiri nke dị n'ebe ugwu San Francisco (Dixon bụ otu n'ime ndị na-abụ, ma ọ na-  ezutekarị ebe ahụ na ndị ọzọ 

N'ime ndụ ya niile, Dixon nwanne onwe ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche, dịka onye na-ese aha azụmahịa na onye nkà.  Na 1950 ọ isi onye nkuzi na CSFA;  N'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya e nwere Sonia Gechtoff, Byron McClintock, na Robert S. Neuman . 

== Ọrụ nka ==
Dixon bụ ma onye na-ese ihe na onye na-akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.  N'afọ 1930, ọ na-ese ihe na ụdị Social Realist, ọ bụghịkwa ruo mgbe awụ ya dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na CSFA ka o nkeji ụdị ya, nke sitere na mbụ nke Jackson Pollock .  Eserese ndị a mechara gosi strok dị egwu nke na-mịpụta ppụpụ, na agba siri ike nke etinyere na nhụsianya siri ike, ebe ahịrị siri ike na-enye ike ike ya na ụzọ ya.  Otu onye nkatọ lere ya anya dị ka onye na-agba agba na-egosi ngosi n'etiti ndị mbụ nke Abstract Expressionists si na mpaghara Bay pụta.  N'afọ 1948, ya na ndị otu Sausalito isii mole aka pɔtụfoliyo nke lithograph 17 ịka Drawings nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe ama ama na ihe mere eme nke ike Abstract Expressionist.

Site na 1940s gaa n'ihu, Dixon na- anọ mgbe niile na veranda na ụlọ ngosi ihe ochie na West Coast na mgbe ụfọdụ n'ebe ndị ọzọ.  Ihe ọmụmụ ya bịara na-adịwanye njọ mgbe 1960 hụrụ ka nsogbu na-esiwanye ike, ọ nwụkwara na San Francisco na 1967. E liri ya n'ili ozu mba Golden Gate n' watch ya, Peggy Dixon (1892-1977).  ).

Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya bụ na nchịkọta nke Oakland Museum (California),  ma ole na ole na-ejide n'aka Library nke Congress na Smithsonian American Art Museum, n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.  Obere nchịkọta akwụkwọ, foto, na slide nke ọrụ Dixon bụ nke Archives of American Art ji. 

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|refs=&lt;ref name=acton&gt;Acton, David. ''The Stamp of Impulse: Abstract Expressionist Prints''. New York: Hudson Hills Press, 2001.

 [http://www.marinscope.com/sausalito_marin_scope/opinion/sausalito-historical-society-the-sausalito-six/article_9a0df845-a95d-5ae5-b25e-1ba57851fbb6.html &quot;Sausalito Historical Society: The Sausalito Six&quot;]. ''Sausalito Marinscope '', Nov. 3, 2009. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

''Art in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1945-1980: An Illustrated History'', pp. 53–54.&lt;/ref&gt;

[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/james-budd-dixon-papers-7555 &quot;James Budd Dixon papers, 1945–1960&quot;]. Archives of American Art website. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.

[http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artist/?id=1284 &quot;James Budd Dixon&quot;]. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Renwick Gallery. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

[http://fostergwin.com/artist-bios/james-budd-dixon/ James Budd Dixon exhibition list]. Foster Gwin Art &amp; Antiques, San Francisco. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;}}</text>
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James Budd Dixon (November 26, 1900 - Disemba 1, 1967) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-akwụkwọ akwụkwọ American Abstract Expressionist .  Ọ bụ onye otu &quot;Sausalito Six&quot; nke ndị na-ese ihe na mpaghara San Francisco Bay.

== Ezinụlọ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
James Budd Dixon akwụkwọ na otu isiokwu nwere ezigbo ego na San Francisco, California.  Na 1920s, ọ ike nkà na Mahadum California, Berkeley, ebe ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe maka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Ọ jere ozi na Army Air Forces na Agha ahụmahụ nke, mgbe nke ahụ ihuenyo, ọ la duru na- nkà n'okpuru GI Bill, oge a na California School of Fine Arts (CSFA, ugbu a San Francisco Art Institute).  N'ime ụmụ klas ya na CSFA bụ ndị ọzọ na-ekiri Bay Area Abstract Expressionists, asị Richard Diebenkorn, John Hultberg, Frank Lobdell, Walter Kuhlman, na George Stillman .  A bịara mara ha dị ka &quot;Sausalito Six&quot; n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị bi n'obodo Sausalito dị n'ụdị mmiri nke dị n'ebe ugwu San Francisco (Dixon bụ otu n'ime ndị na-abụ, ma ọ na-  ezutekarị ebe ahụ na ndị ọzọ 

N'ime ndụ ya niile, Dixon nwanne onwe ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche, dịka onye na-ese aha azụmahịa na onye nkà.  Na 1950 ọ isi onye nkuzi na CSFA;  N'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya e nwere Sonia Gechtoff, Byron McClintock, na Robert S. Neuman . 

== Ọrụ nka ==
Dixon bụ ma onye na-ese ihe na onye na-akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.  N'afọ 1930, ọ na-ese ihe na ụdị Social Realist, ọ bụghịkwa ruo mgbe awụ ya dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na CSFA ka o nkeji ụdị ya, nke sitere na mbụ nke Jackson Pollock .  Eserese ndị a mechara gosi strok dị egwu nke na-mịpụta ppụpụ, na agba siri ike nke etinyere na nhụsianya siri ike, ebe ahịrị siri ike na-enye ike ike ya na ụzọ ya.  Otu onye nkatọ lere ya anya dị ka onye na-agba agba na-egosi ngosi n'etiti ndị mbụ nke Abstract Expressionists si na mpaghara Bay pụta.  N'afọ 1948, ya na ndị otu Sausalito isii mole aka pɔtụfoliyo nke lithograph 17 ịka Drawings nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe ama ama na ihe mere eme nke ike Abstract Expressionist.

Site na 1940s gaa n'ihu, Dixon na- anọ mgbe niile na veranda na ụlọ ngosi ihe ochie na West Coast na mgbe ụfọdụ n'ebe ndị ọzọ.  Ihe ọmụmụ ya bịara na-adịwanye njọ mgbe 1960 hụrụ ka nsogbu na-esiwanye ike, ọ nwụkwara na San Francisco na 1967. E liri ya n'ili ozu mba Golden Gate n' watch ya, Peggy Dixon (1892-1977).  ).

Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya bụ na nchịkọta nke Oakland Museum (California),  ma ole na ole na-ejide n'aka Library nke Congress na Smithsonian American Art Museum, n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.  Obere nchịkọta akwụkwọ, foto, na slide nke ọrụ Dixon bụ nke Archives of American Art ji. 

== Ntụaka ==
''The Stamp of Impulse: Abstract Expressionist Prints''. New York: Hudson Hills Press, 2001.

 [http://www.marinscope.com/sausalito_marin_scope/opinion/sausalito-historical-society-the-sausalito-six/article_9a0df845-a95d-5ae5-b25e-1ba57851fbb6.html &quot;Sausalito Historical Society: The Sausalito Six&quot;]. ''Sausalito Marinscope '', Nov. 3, 2009. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

''Art in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1945-1980: An Illustrated History'', pp. 53–54.&lt;/ref&gt;

[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/james-budd-dixon-papers-7555 &quot;James Budd Dixon papers, 1945–1960&quot;]. Archives of American Art website. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.

[http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artist/?id=1284 &quot;James Budd Dixon&quot;]. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Renwick Gallery. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

[http://fostergwin.com/artist-bios/james-budd-dixon/ James Budd Dixon exhibition list]. Foster Gwin Art &amp; Antiques, San Francisco. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;}}</text>
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James Budd Dixon (November 26, 1900 - Disemba 1, 1967) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-akwụkwọ akwụkwọ American Abstract Expressionist .  Ọ bụ onye otu &quot;Sausalito Six&quot; nke ndị na-ese ihe na mpaghara San Francisco Bay.

== Ezinụlọ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
James Budd Dixon akwụkwọ na otu isiokwu nwere ezigbo ego na San Francisco, California.  Na 1920s, ọ ike nkà na Mahadum California, Berkeley, ebe ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe maka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ.  Ọ jere ozi na Army Air Forces na Agha ahụmahụ nke, mgbe nke ahụ ihuenyo, ọ la duru na- nkà n'okpuru GI Bill, oge a na California School of Fine Arts (CSFA, ugbu a San Francisco Art Institute).  N'ime ụmụ klas ya na CSFA bụ ndị ọzọ na-ekiri Bay Area Abstract Expressionists, asị Richard Diebenkorn, John Hultberg, Frank Lobdell, Walter Kuhlman, na George Stillman .  A bịara mara ha dị ka &quot;Sausalito Six&quot; n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị bi n'obodo Sausalito dị n'ụdị mmiri nke dị n'ebe ugwu San Francisco (Dixon bụ otu n'ime ndị na-abụ, ma ọ na-  ezutekarị ebe ahụ na ndị ọzọ 

N'ime ndụ ya niile, Dixon nwanne onwe ya n'ụzọ dị iche iche, dịka onye na-ese aha azụmahịa na onye nkà.  Na 1950 ọ isi onye nkuzi na CSFA;  N'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya e nwere Sonia Gechtoff, Byron McClintock, na Robert S. Neuman . 

== Ọrụ nka ==
Dixon bụ ma onye na-ese ihe na onye na-akwụkwọ akwụkwọ.  N'afọ 1930, ọ na-ese ihe na ụdị Social Realist, ọ bụghịkwa ruo mgbe awụ ya dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na CSFA ka o nkeji ụdị ya, nke sitere na mbụ nke Jackson Pollock .  Eserese ndị a mechara gosi strok dị egwu nke na-mịpụta ppụpụ, na agba siri ike nke etinyere na nhụsianya siri ike, ebe ahịrị siri ike na-enye ike ike ya na ụzọ ya.  Otu onye nkatọ lere ya anya dị ka onye na-agba agba na-egosi ngosi n'etiti ndị mbụ nke Abstract Expressionists si na mpaghara Bay pụta.  N'afọ 1948, ya na ndị otu Sausalito isii mole aka pɔtụfoliyo nke lithograph 17 ịka Drawings nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe ama ama na ihe mere eme nke ike Abstract Expressionist.

Site na 1940s gaa n'ihu, Dixon na- anọ mgbe niile na veranda na ụlọ ngosi ihe ochie na West Coast na mgbe ụfọdụ n'ebe ndị ọzọ.  Ihe ọmụmụ ya bịara na-adịwanye njọ mgbe 1960 hụrụ ka nsogbu na-esiwanye ike, ọ nwụkwara na San Francisco na 1967. E liri ya n'ili ozu mba Golden Gate n' watch ya, Peggy Dixon (1892-1977).  ).

Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya bụ na nchịkọta nke Oakland Museum (California),  ma ole na ole na-ejide n'aka Library nke Congress na Smithsonian American Art Museum, n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.  Obere nchịkọta akwụkwọ, foto, na slide nke ọrụ Dixon bụ nke Archives of American Art ji. 

== Ntụaka ==
''The Stamp of Impulse: Abstract Expressionist Prints''. New York: Hudson Hills Press, 2001.

 [http://www.marinscope.com/sausalito_marin_scope/opinion/sausalito-historical-society-the-sausalito-six/article_9a0df845-a95d-5ae5-b25e-1ba57851fbb6.html &quot;Sausalito Historical Society: The Sausalito Six&quot;]. ''Sausalito Marinscope '', Nov. 3, 2009. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.

''Art in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1945-1980: An Illustrated History'', pp. 53–54.

[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/james-budd-dixon-papers-7555 &quot;James Budd Dixon papers, 1945–1960&quot;]. Archives of American Art website. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.

[http://americanart.si.edu/collections/search/artist/?id=1284 &quot;James Budd Dixon&quot;]. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Renwick Gallery. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.

[http://fostergwin.com/artist-bios/james-budd-dixon/ James Budd Dixon exhibition list]. Foster Gwin Art &amp; Antiques, San Francisco. Retrieved Sept. 30, 2016.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Richard Erdman (onye na-ese ihe)</title>
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      <text bytes="7877" sha1="g4khpz47wgjg4opr3qkeqiwrq1rfnt9" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Erdman-Volante.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Erdman-Volante]]
Richard Erdman (amuru May 20, 1952) bu onye omenka America bi ma na-aru oru na Williston, Vermont, na Carrara, Italy.  Na mbụ na-arụ ọrụ na marble na bronze abstract sculpture, Erdman's prolific body of work ranges from intimately sized maquettes to the most sculpture mgbe a pịrị site na otu ngọngọ nke travertine (Passage, na nchịkọta nke Donald M. Kendall Ọkpụkpọ Gardens).[1]  Ọrụ ya bụ nke nchịkọta na mba 52 gafee kọntinent isii, gụnyere United Nations, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Mahadum Princeton, Rockefeller Collection, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.  Erdman bụ ọkachamara na imekọ ihe ọnụ na ụlọ ọrụ ihe owuwu a na-akwanyere ùgwù maka kọmitii omenala, yana ya na Antonio Cittero, Richard Meier &amp; Partners, Enzo Enea, na Whipple Russell, na ndị ọzọ jikọrọ aka.

Eziniche Erdman kwagara Dorset, Vermont, mgbe ọ bụ nwata, bụ ebe o tolitere n'ebe ugwu nke ebe a na-agba marble kacha ochie na US ahụmahụ mbụ ndị a na nkume na okike nwere ike dị ukwuu na ndụ ya na ọrụ ya.  N'oge mmetụta ya, Erdman bụ onye na-agba ọsọ NCAA All-American ugboro abụọ na Mahadum Vermont .  Erdman bụ nwa nwa Charles R. Erdman Jr., onye bụbu onye isi obodo Princeton.

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==

* Burr na Burton Academy, 1971.
* Mahadum Vermont, 1975.
* [http://www.uvm.edu/president/ceremonies/commencement2016/?Page=erdman.html Honorary Doctorate of Letters, Mahadum Vermont], 2016.

== Ọrụ ==
Richard Erdman agaala ebe a na-egwu nkume marble nke Carrara, Italy, 1975. A na-emekarị ihe ọkpụkpụ ya site na nkume marble na-acha ọcha na isi awọ nke mpaghara, bụ nke a na-eji ochie ochie Rome dị.  ka isi iyi maka ogologo usoro nke ndị na-ese ihe, ime Michelangelo .  Ihe osise ya oge ochie nke nkume nkume mabul na ihe ọkpụkpụ modernist nke oge a, ma egosila ya na ihe ngosi ihe ngosi 160 solo na otu na North America, Europe, na Asia.  O meela ihe ọrụ 120 ọchịchị ikike maka ụlọ ngosi mgbe ochie, ọha na nnakọta ụlọ ọrụ.  A na-enwe ọrụ ya na nchịkọta mba 52 n'ụwa nile.

N'afọ 1985 PepsiCo nyere Erdman ọrụ ka o ikike Passage dị egwu, nke guzo dị ka sentinel n'ọnụ ụzọ Donald M. Kendall Sculpture Gardens na PepsiCo.  N'ịbụ nke a pịrị site na nnukwu travertine dị tɔn 450, Ụzọ Nfefe ụkwụ 25-na-16 bụ ihe kasị ukwuu ukwuu n'ụwa nke a pịrị site na otu akụkụ nke travertine.  N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na 2017, Richard Erdman dechara nnukwu ihe ọkpụkpụ Bardiglio marble Arete, maka Richard Meier &amp; Partners' Timeless 55 Tower dị na Taipei, Taiwan.  Arete dị ihe nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 12 ụkwụ n'ịdị elu.
[[Usòrò:Passage_Primary.jpg|thumb| Ngafe, 1985, Donald M. Kendall Sculpture Park, Ịzụta, NY.]]
[[Usòrò:Spira_new_website.jpg|thumb| Spira, 2014, Enzo Enea Tree Museum, Rapperswil-Jona, Switzerland.]]
[[Usòrò:Richard_Erdman_Sculpture_Stone_AreteCDC_3.jpg|thumb| Arete CDC, 2016, Timeless Tower, Taipei, Taiwan.]]
[[Usòrò:Richard_Erdman_Sculpture_Stone_Fiora_Bianca_2.jpg|thumb| Fiora Bianca, 2016.]]
[[Usòrò:Richard_Erdman_Sculpture_Stone_Sentinel_1.jpg|thumb| Sentinel, 2013, Rapperswil-Jona, Switzerland.]]

== Nnọchite anya osisi ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220328054342/https://www.375gallery.com/ Ụlọ ihe ngosi 375, Palm Beach, FL]
* [http://www.enea.ch/baummuseum/?lang=en/ Enea Tree Museum, Rapperswil- Jona, Switzerland]
* [http://www.galerie-dorsay.com/ Galerie d'Orsay, Boston, MA]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235905/http://www.artziwna.com/index.php?nID=217&amp;lang=2&amp;showArtistID=90/ Galerie Artziwna, Vienna, Austria]
* [http://www.landaufineart.ca/erdman/ Landau Contemporary na Galerie Dominion, Montreal, QC, Canada]
* [http://www.landaufineart.ca/richard-erdman-biography/ Landau Fine Art, Meggen, Switzerland]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210613025553/https://melissamorganfineart.com/richard-erdman/ Melissa Morgan Fine Art, Palm Desert, CA]
* [http://www.sculpturesite.com/RICHARD-ERDMAN.cfm?ArtistsID=9/ Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka, Glen Ellen, CA]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171201232700/http://westbranchgallery.com/artist-works.php?artistId=51921&amp;artist=Richard%20Erdman/ Westbranch Gallery and Sculpture Park, Stowe, VT]

== Nnukwu mkpokọta ==

* Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, Ridgefield, CT
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Allentown, Allentown, PA
* Ụlọ ọrụ Carpathian, Kosice, Slovakia
* Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, Flint, MI
* Dolly Fiterman Fine Arts, Minneapolis, MN
* Ogige ihe ọkpụkpụ nke Donald M. Kendall na PepsiCo, Ịzụta, NY
* Ụlọ ọrụ EastWest, New York, Prague, Moscow, Brussels
* EcoLean International A/S, [[Sweden]]
* [http://www.enea.ch/baummuseum/?lang=en Enea Tree Museum], Rapperswil-Jona, [[Switzerland]]
* Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Four Season, St. Louis, MO
* Four Season Hotel, Singapore
* Park Four Season, Singapore
* Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
* Ụlọ akwụkwọ Green Mountain Valley, Waitsfield, VT
* Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Mahadum Cornell, Ithaca, NY
* John E. Fetzer Center, Kalamazoo, MI
* JP Morgan Chase, New York, NY
* King Faisal Foundation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
* Ebe Lumiere, St. Louis, MO
* Marriott Hotel, Burlington, VT
* MGM Grand, Detroit, MI
* Ụlọ ọrụ nka nke Minneapolis, Minneapolis, MN
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Fine Arts, Boston, MA
* Norton Museum of Art, Palm Beach, FL
* Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Mahadum Princeton, Princeton, NJ
* Ringling College of Art and Design, Sarasota, FL
* Fleming Museum of Art, Burlington, VT
* Nchịkọta Rockefeller, New York, NY
* Sasak Peace Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
* [https://www.sevenbridges.org/ Seven Bridges Foundation], Greenwich, CT
* Shelby Cullom Davis Foundation, Bethesda, MD
* Southern Vermont Arts Center, Manchester, VT
* Stratton Educational Foundation, Stratton Mountain, VT
* Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv, [[Israel]]
* Ntọala Menninger, Topeka, KS
* [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|United Nations]], New York, NY
* United States Olympic Foundation, Stowe, VT
* Mahadum St. Thomas (Minnesota), St. Paul, MN
* Mahadum Vermont, Burlington, VT
* Ụlọ ọgwụ Valley, Ridgewood, NJ
* Ogige ihe ọkpụkpụ nke Weintraub, Tel Aviv, Israel
* Kunsthalle Weishaupt, Ulm, Germany

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

* Herrin, Alice na Tavakoli, Brenda. [https://www.questia.com/read/1P3-74106562?refid=reference_hd &quot; Pọtụfoliyo nke ndị na-ese ihe &quot;], [http://www.southwestart.com/ Art Southwest], Santa Fe, Julaị 1, 2001. Ewetara ya na Ọgọst 23, 2010
* Frank, Peter (2008). ''Richard Erdman'', . Skylark Press, Los Angeles.  .
* Onye na-akpa ákwà, Thomas. [http://www.uvm.edu/%7Euvmpr/vq/vqsummer03/erdman.html &quot;Onye na-ese ihe&quot;], [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172305/http://alumni.uvm.edu/vq/ Vermont Quarterly], Burlington, Julaị 1, 2003. Ewetara ya na Ọgọst 23, 2010
* Dorfman, John. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201022214138/http://www.artandantiquesmag.com/2016/11/richard-erdman-sculptures/ &quot;Tọnyere na Nkume&quot;], [http://www.artandantiquesmag.com/ Art na Antiques Magazine], Disemba 1, 2016. eweghachiri na Disemba 1, 2017

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.richarderdman.com/ Webụsaịtị gọọmentị]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235905/http://www.artziwna.com/index.php?nID=217&amp;lang=2&amp;showArtistID=90/ Ụlọ ihe nkiri Artziwna]
* [http://www.galerie-dorsay.com/ Galerie d'Orsay]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180829133525/http://www.richardmeier.com/?projects=cdc-55-timeless-xin-yi-residential-tower/ Richard Meier na ndị mmekọ &quot;CDC 55 Xin-Yi Residential Tower&quot;]
* [http://www.landaufineart.ca/richard-erdman-biography/ Landau Fine Art]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Ehi kpọrọ nkụ</title>
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        <username>Edozie Ojekwe</username>
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      <text bytes="10335" sha1="4rjdtwvmy23tlfyp1tu1mfx6w41sfat" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Breasts_of_cow2.JPG|thumb|245x245px|Ọkpụkpụ ehi bụ ihe na-egosi nke gland nke ara nke a na-emechi n'oge ọkọchị ha.]]
Ehi kpọrọ nkụ na-ezo aka na ehi mmiri ara ehi nke nọ n'ọkwa nke usoro ịmụ nwa ebe mmiri ara ehi na-akwụsị tupu ịmụ nwa. A na-akpọ akụkụ nke usoro ịmụ nwa ha dị ka oge ehi na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-adịru n'etiti ụbọchị 40 na 65.[1] A na-ekekarị ehi kpọrọ nkụ ụzọ abụọ: dị anya (60-21 ụbọchị tupu ịmụ nwa) na nso nso (ụbọchị 21 ruo ịmụ nwa).[2] Ozugbo ehi batara n'ọkwa a, ndị na-emepụta ga-emechi teat ehi ka ha na-eso onye dibia bekee tụrụ aro, ọgwụgwọ ehi kpọrọ nkụ maka igwe ehi ha. Nke a akọrọ oge bụ akụkụ dị oké egwu nke ha lactation okirikiri ma dị mkpa maka cows ahụ ike, nwa amụrụ ọhụrụ nwa ehi na-eme n'ọdịnihu mmiri ara ehi mmepụta, dị ka ọ na-ekwe ka ehi oge zuru ike, rie na-akwadebe maka ọmụmụ. N'oge a, ehi ga-emepụta colostrum maka nwa ehi a mụrụ ọhụrụ.

Nnyocha egosila na oge a na-emetụta mmepụta mmiri ara ehi n'ozuzu n'oge ịmụ nwa ha na-esote.[1] Ejikọtala oge ọkọchị nke dị mkpụmkpụ na mbelata mmiri ara ehi na ụbara ihe ize ndụ nke ibute ọrịa. A na-ejikọta oge akọrọ nke toro ogologo na mbelata nke mmiri ara ehi n'ozuzu ya na ndụ mana ọ nwekwara ike bute oyi karịa, ọrịa metabolic, na ọrịa.[2]. N'ime oge a, ehi na-enwekarị ike ibute ọrịa intra-mammary n'ihi mgbanwe anatomical na arụ ọrụ na-eme n'ime mammary gland. A ghaghị imejuputa ọgwụgwọ na njikwa onwe onye nke ọma maka ahụike na mmepụta yana mgbochi ọrịa.

== Ọdịdị ahụike ==
N'[https://www.cargill.co.in/cs/Satellite?c=Page&amp;childpagename=CSF_IN%2FPage%2FCCOM%2FCCOM_GeneralPage%2F1ColumnLayout&amp;cid=1432149912206&amp;pagename=CCOM_Wrapper Oge ọkọchị], mgbanwe na-amalite ime n'ime gland nke ara nke kwekọrọ na mmepụta mmiri ara na mmepụta. Oge a dị mkpa maka ime ka anụ ahụ udder ọhụrụ dị ọhụrụ na nkwadebe maka inye nwa ara. Ọ na-enyekwa ehi ohere iwepụ mastitis na-akpata pathogens n'ime udder.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Boutinaud. M, Isaka N., Gandemer E., Lamberton P., Wiart S., De Prado A. I., Sordillo L.M., Lollivier V.|date=March 14, 2020|title=Inhibiting prolactin by cabergoline accelerates mammary gland remodeling during the early dry period in dairy cows|journal=Journal of Dairy Science|volume=100|issue=12|pages=9789–9798|doi=10.3168/jds.2017-12783|pmid=28964519|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01613619/file/Boutinaud%202017_%7B8E701B13-57D0-424B-AF08-EEFAC87D4744%7D.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge mbido nke oge na-abụghị nke na-enye nwa ara (n'etiti awa 12 na 24) a na-ebelata protein mmiri ara ehi na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na-akpata mfu nke mkpụrụ ndụ epithelial.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hurley|first=W. L|date=1989|title=Mammary Gland Function During Involution and the Declining Phase of Lactation|url=https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(89)79276-6/pdf|journal=Journal of Dairy Science|volume=72|issue=6|pages=1637–1646|doi=10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(89)79276-6|pmid=2668360}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbanwe na usoro intracellular na nchịkwa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-akpata mbelata na mmepụta mmiri ara ruo mgbe mmepụta mmiri niile sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ epithelial nke ara kwụsịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndị metụtara mmiri ara ehi dịka lactose na abụba ga-ebelata ka mmepụta mmiri ara ehi na-ebelata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dairy.ahdb.org.uk/media/1669377/AHDB_DryCowManagement_WEB_2018-01-18%20(1).pdf|title=Dry cow management A practical guide to effective mastitis control|author=Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board|date=2017|work=Mastitis Control Plan|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oge a na-esochi ọnọdụ a kwụsiri ike ebe gland ndị na-enye ara na-anọgide na ọnọdụ na-abụghị nke na-enye nwa ara. Tupu [[Ọmụmụ|ịmụ nwa]], anụ ahụ parenchymal n'ime gland ara ga-etolite ọzọ, na-enye ohere iwughachi anụ ahụ udder ọhụrụ na nkwadebe maka inye nwa ara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Nzọụkwụ a dị mkpa maka mmepụta mmiri ara kacha mma n'ụmụ ehi na-enye nwa ara n'usoro. A ga-emepụta mmiri ara ehi na-edozi ahụ na nke na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ, colostrum, n'oge njedebe nke oge a.

== Usoro mmiri ozuzo ==
Usoro ịdị ọcha kwesịrị ekwesị na usoro imebi ahụ dị mkpa mgbe a kpọnwụrụ ehi ahụ. Ndị dọkịta na-ahụ maka ụmụ anụmanụ ga-atụkarị aro usoro na ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị, nke nwere ike inye aka gbochie ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị dịka ''E.coli, [[Streptococcus spp|spp]]&quot; id=&quot;mwMQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Streptococcus spp&quot;&gt;Streptococcus'' spp na mastitis. A na-ahụkarị ehi ndị a na-akpọnwụ ma na-akara ha akara iji mee ka ha dị iche na ehi ndị ọzọ nọ n'ìgwè ahụ a ka na-enye mmiri ara. N'oge usoro ịcha, a na-eyi gloves ma gbanwee ya n'etiti ịcha ehi ọ bụla. Ozugbo ehichapụ ara ehi ahụ ma kpochapụ ya, a ga-etinye ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara ibute ọrịa, iji kwụsị mmepụta mmiri ara ehi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Enwere ike inye ihe nkedo anụ ahụ n'ime ma ọ bụ n'èzí dabere na usoro ahọrọ. A na-ejikarị ọgwụ mgbochi eme ihe n'ime ọgwụgwọ, nke a ga-etinye n'ime ara tupu etinye sealant. Ozugbo a na-enye ọgwụgwọ ndị a, enwere ike itinye mmiri ara ehi ma ọ bụ spray mgbe a na-eme ara ehi. Ehi ahụ kwesịkwara ịnọ n'ebe dị ọcha ma ọ dịkarịa ala nkeji iri atọ, ma zere ịga ije ogologo oge mgbe ọ gwụsịrị. Ozugbo ehi ahụ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ, ọ dị mkpa ileba anya n'ọnọdụ udder nke ehi ahụ iji chọpụta ọzịza na ihe ịrịba ama nke ibute ọrịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Nchịkwa ==
[[Usòrò:SCF_Cow_Stalls.JPG|thumb|287x287px|Ebe dị ọcha na-enyere aka igbochi ọrịa site n'ibelata ibu na ikpughe nje.]]
Ịmepụta njikwa zuru oke n'oge ọkọchị dị oke mkpa maka ahụike na mmepụta kachasị mma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bhutto, A.L., Murray R.D., Woldehiwet, Z.|date=April 2011|title=The effect of dry cow therapy and internal teat-sealant on intra-mammary infections during subsequent lactation|journal=Research in Veterinary Science|volume=90|issue=2|pages=316–320|doi=10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.06.006|pmid=20598329}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ghaghị ịtụle ikpughe nje, usoro nchebe udder na ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi iji gbochie ma chịkwaa ọnụọgụ na ihe omume. Enwere ike ibelata ikpughe nje site na ịdị ọcha kwesịrị ekwesị, dị ka ụlọ dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi. Ihichapụ nsị n'ụlọ ahịa ka ebe a na-anọ echekwa wee kpọọ nkụ na-enyekwa aka belata ibu na ikpughe nje bacteria. Ehi ndị a na-azụ n'Ebe ịta nri nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị elu nke ibute ọrịa n'ihi ikpughe pathogen na ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi dịgasị iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dairy.ahdb.org.uk/media/1669377/AHDB_DryCowManagement_WEB_2018-01-18%20(1).pdf|title=Dry Cow Management A practical guide to effective mastitis control|author=Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board|date=2017|work=Mastitis Control Plan|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ewere ihe na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ, ọgwụ nje na ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa dịka usoro nchebe udder eji egbochi ọrịa. A ga-etinye ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime ọgwụgwọ ehi kpọrọ nkụ ahọpụtara. Antibiotics na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge nke a na-eji n'oge a na-arụkọ ọrụ iji gwọọ ọrịa ọ bụla dị n'ime nne ma na-enyekwa mgbochi ọrịa ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Afifi, M., Kabera, F., Stryhn, H., Roy, J. P., Heider, L. C., Godden, S., Montelpare, W., Sanchez, J., &amp; Dufour, S.|date=June 2018|title=Antimicrobial-based dry cow therapy approaches for cure and prevention of intramammary infections: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=Animal Health Research Reviews|volume=19|issue=1|pages=74–78|doi=10.1017/S1466252318000051|pmid=30070621}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mbelata nrụgide dị mkpa n'oge ọkọchị n'ihi na ọ nwere ike imetụta agụụ na ahụike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
== Nri ==
[[Usòrò:Milk_cows_in_the_Netherlands_02.jpg|thumb|287x287px|Ehi ndị kpọrọ nkụ chọrọ ọkwa nri pụrụ iche n'oge ọkọchị ha.]]
Ehi mmiri ara ehi nwere mkpa nri pụrụ iche n'oge oge ọkọchị ha. A na-achọrọ nri dị iche iche maka ehi dị anya na nso nso na nzaghachi maka mgbanwe metabolic ha ka ehi na-akwado maka parturition. Ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere ike ịkpọtụrụ onye ndụmọdụ gbasara nri iji hụ na ehi na-enweta nri kwesịrị ekwesị n'oge a. Nri ehi dị n'ebe dị anya kwesịrị inwe obere ume yana ọdịnaya fiber dị elu, ebe ehi dị nso na-achọ nri siri ike karịa.[1] Enwere ike itinye nri dị ka ọka na ngwaahịa ọka n'ime nri ehi dị nso n'ihi ọdịnaya potassium dị ntakịrị. Ehi dị nso nwekwara ike ịchọ ọkwa potassium dị ala iji gbochie ahụ ọkụ mmiri ara ehi.[2] Ọ dịkwa mkpa ka ehi abụọ a kpọrọ nkụ nweta protein zuru oke n'ime nri ha maka ahụike kacha mma, mmepụta mmiri ara ehi na ịmụ nwa. Nnyocha na-egosi na mmepụta mmiri ara ehi nwere ike inwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụrụ na ehi enwetaghị protein zuru oke n'oge oge ọkọchị ha.[3] Ọ bụrụ na ugbo enweghị ike ịnye nri dị iche iche maka ehi dị anya na nke dị nso, ndị na-emepụta nwere ike ịhọrọ ijikwa nri ha na obere oge ọkọchị na DCAD na-adịghị mma (dietary cation-anion iche) nri nri. Nri ndị a bụ acidic ma na-enyere aka ịmịghachi calcium n'ime ahụ ehi ma belata ihe ize ndụ nke ahụ ọkụ mmiri ara ehi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rezac, D. J., Block, E., Weber, D., Brouk, M. J., &amp; Bradford, B. J.|date=2014|title=Effects of prepartum dietary cation-anion difference and acidified coproducts on dry matter intake, serum calcium, and performance of dairy cows|journal=[[Journal of Animal Science]]|volume=92|issue=2|pages=666–675|doi=10.2527/jas.2013-6317|pmid=24398835}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebem si dee ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <title>Jan-Peter Warnke</title>
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      <comment>Fixed reference error</comment>
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      <text bytes="3395" sha1="1ezr8cwrimtwnnvslrubspw5y9fkkw1" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:1719239146702 20240624 WARNKE Jan Peter DE 003.jpg|thumb|WARNKE JAN PETER DE ]]
Jan-Peter Warnke ( Profesion 1959) bụ onye ụgbọ mmiri German si Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht .  Na mbụ aka nzuko omeiwu Europe nke 2024, a na-achọpụta ya onye otu nzuko omeiwu Europe (MEP)

== Ndụ ==
Warnke gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na East Berlin wee pụta na Mahadum Humboldt nke Berlin .  Site na 1984 ruo 1985 ọ gara Budapest, Hungary ka ọ zọọ dị ka neurosurgeon na 1987 ọ gbagara West Germany, ebe ọ gara n'ihu ikike ya.  Ọmụma ọnwa 18 na Hospitallọ Ọgwụ Mahadum Sheffield dị na England ma hụ na Hospitallọ Ọgwụ Mahadum Aachen dị ka onye dibịa bekee yana n'iche Heinrich Braun Hospital[ de ] na Zwickau dị ka oga dibịa .  Afọ ole na ole ka e gosiri, Warnke nta prọfesọ na oche nke neurosurgery na Mahadum Mainz na prọfesọ nke ngwaọrụ na West Saxon University of Applied Sciences na Zwickau .  [1] Mgbe ihe nke ụlọ ọgwụ Heinrich Braun na Paracelsus Hospital [ de ] na Zwickau, akwụkwọ bilitere na ngalaba neurosurgery n'okpuru akwụkwọ nke Warnke mbipute nke enwe ike ịga n'ihu dị ka ọ dị na mbụ, dị ka Warnke ama n'  niile maka ọrụ ya na arachnoiditis &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2024-06-19|date=2022-12-15|title=Patienten kämpfen um Professor Warnke|url=https://www.radiozwickau.de/beitrag/petenten-kaempfen-um-professor-warnke-751854/|work=Radio Zwickau}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2024-06-19|date=2022-12-22|title=Patienten fassungslos über mögliches Aus für Spezial-Neurochirurgie in Zwickau|url=https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/sachsen/chemnitz/zwickau/schliessung-neurochirurgie-hbk-patienten-warnke-100.html|work=MDR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Warnke ebiela n'agwaetiti Usedom kemgbe 2023. [4] N'otu afọ ahụ ọ lara ezumike nká dị ka dọkịta &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2024-06-19|date=2024-06-10|title=Welche Ärzte sind Teil des kommenden EU-Parlaments?|url=https://www.aerztezeitung.de/Politik/Gesundheitspolitiker-in-Bruessel-Liese-und-Woelken-bleiben-im-EU-Parlament-450312.html|work=Ärztezeitung}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Na 2024, Warnke sonyeere otu ejindọrọ ụdị ọhụrụ Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht dịka otu n'ime ndị otu mbụ ya.  [6] Na 2024 European ọhụrụ aka, Warnke a mgbaàmà na European nzuko omeiwu dị ka nke ise na ndepụta BSW.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2024-06-17|title=Europawahl 2024: Alle Gewählte in alphabetischer Reihenfolge|url=https://www.bundeswahlleiterin.de/europawahlen/2024/gewaehlte/bund-99/w.html|work=Die Bundeswahlleiterin}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Ihe eji ụkwụ nke Warnke bụ ngwa na-adọta &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ndị otu ==

* Onye otu Board nke Vigdis Thompson Foundation &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2024-06-19|title=Stiftungsvorstand der Vigdis Thompson Foundation|url=https://www.vigdis-thompson-foundation.org/de/stiftung/stiftungsvorstand/|work=Vigdis Thompson Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-09-21|title=Board of Directors {{!}} Vigdis Thompson Foundation|url=https://www.vigdis-thompson-foundation.org/en/foundation/board-of-directors/|accessdate=2024-07-15|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị omeiwu Europe (2024-2029)
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4453" sha1="g1h7uzcr1xtbs9p13rirttoger9zc1d" xml:space="preserve">[[File:1718705240687 20240617 VALCHEV Ivaylo BG 007.jpg|thumb|Ivaylo Valchev]]
 

'''Ivaylo Vanev Valchev''' ( Bulgarian   Вълчев; 9 Jenụwarị 1972) bụ onye na-ede uri Bulgarian, onye na-ede enyo, onye na-agụ uri na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Enwere ụdị mmadụ (ITN). A họpụtara ya onye otu nzuko omeiwu Europe na 2024 . &lt;ref name=&quot;CIK&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://results.cik.bg/europe2024/rezultati/index.html|title=Избори за членове на Европейския парламент от Република България и за народни представители {{!}} 9 юни 2024: Сумарни данни|publisher=[[:bg:Централна избирателна комисия|Central Election Commission]]|language=bg}}
[[Category:CS1 Bulgarian-language sources (bg)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Valchev na Burgas na 1972, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/257258/IVAYLO_VALCHEV/home|title=Ivaylo Valchev|publisher European Parliament &lt;/ref&gt; dịka nwa nwoke [[:bg:Ваньо Вълчев|Vanyo Valchev]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bgdnes.bg/bulgaria/article/10135781|title=Бащата на Ивайло Вълчев от ИТН Ваньо Вълчев: Поетът у сина ми е по-силен от политиката|date=1 September 2021|language=bg}}&lt;/ref&gt; O deela ọtụtụ abụ maka Ku-Ku Band, nke gụnyere onye isi ITN Slavi Trifonov . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://telegraph.bg/izbori/novini/na-onlajn-brifing-slavi-trifonov-izdigna-kultov-scenarist-za-kmet-na-sofiia.-myzhyt-proslavil-frenskata-gimnaziia-vliza-v-bitkata-za-stolicata-video-390281|title=НА ОНЛАЙН БРИФИНГ: Слави Трифонов издигна култов сценарист за кмет на София (ВИДЕО)|work Telegraph (Bulgarian newspaper)|Telegraph|date=21 September 2023|language=bg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1999 o dere PFC CSKA Sofia 's anthem &quot;Sartsa cherveni&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.prosport.bg/news/18034/Данчето-подари-Сърца-червени-на-ЦСКА|title=Данчето подари &quot;Сърца червени&quot; на ЦСКА|work=Prosport.bg|date=11 May 2011|language=bg}}&lt;/ref&gt; O dekọrọ &quot; Planet of the Children &quot;, nke nọchitere anya Bulgaria na Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2014, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://plevenutre.bg/2014/09/30/263105-slavi_izprashta_krisia_na_detskata_evrovizia_s_planetata_na_detsata|title=Слави изпраща Крисия на детската Евровизия с &quot;Планетата на децата&quot;|work=Plevenutre.bg|date=30 September 2014|language=bg}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana &quot; Agba nke Olileanya &quot; nke nọchiri anya Bulgaria na Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2015 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bntnews.bg/bg/a/tsveta-t-na-nadezhdata-shte-zvuchi-na-evroviziya-774593|title=&quot;Цветът на надеждата&quot; ще звучи на Евровизия|publisher Bulgarian National Television|date=18 October 2015|language=bg}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Valchev bụ onye otu National Assembly na 2021, na nzukọ 45th na 46th nke nzuko omeiwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://offnews.bg/politika/ivajlo-valchev-se-zavarna-v-politikata-vodi-dve-listi-na-itn-783958.html|title=Ивайло Вълчев се завърна в политиката, води две листи на ИТН|work=OFFNews.bg|date=29 August 2022|language=bg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ntuli aka onye isi obodo Sofia 2023, ọ bụ onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi ITN maka onye isi obodo Sofia . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mediapool.bg/ivailo-valchev-e-kandidatat-za-kmet-na-sofiya-na-ima-takav-narod-news351617.html|title=Ивайло Вълчев е кандидатът за кмет на София на &quot;Има такъв народ&quot;|work=Mediapool.bg|date=22 September 2023|language=bg}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya na nzuko omeiwu Europe na 2024, na na July 2024 ka a họpụtara ịbụ onye otu European Conservatives and Reformists Group Executive . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://eurocom.bg/2024/07/04/ivaylo-vlchev-be-izbran-za-chlen-na-byuroto-na-grupata-na-ekr-v-evropeyskiya-parlament/|title=Ивайло Вълчев бе избран за член на бюрото на групата на ЕКР в Европейския парламент|work=Eurocom|date=4 July 2024|language=bg}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
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      <text bytes="13093" sha1="4sfqfo3iyu3jhr1eaz9fe9t84kg1zys" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Jana Thiel''' (17 Ọktoba 1971 - 11 Julaị 2016) bụ onye ngosi egwuregwu German na onye nta akụkọ maka ZDF . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọdụ redio Antenne Brandenburg tupu ọ gawa na ngalaba egwuregwu nke Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg . Thiel sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Deutsche Welle DW-TV na 1999 wee rụọ ọrụ ebe ahụ ruo 2002. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ZDF na 2000 dị ka onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu maka mmemme telivishọn ''ZDF-Morgenmagazin'' wee bụrụ ngalaba egwuregwu izizi nke mgbasa ozi dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-eweta akwụkwọ akụkọ egwuregwu mgbede bụ isi na ''heute'' afọ anọ ka e mesịrị. Thiel kpuchiri Egwuregwu Olimpik oyi, Egwuregwu Olimpik Summer, Egwuregwu Paralympic, ski Alpine, iko mba ụwa nke 2006 na Germany na egwuregwu FEI World Equestrian .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Na 17 October 1971, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Riedmeier|first=Glenn|date=11 July 2016|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel im Alter von 44 Jahren verstorben|url=https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=Fernsehserien|archivedate=2 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802195709/https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport|url=https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archivedate=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=[[ZDF]]|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ Thiel na Peitz im Spreewald na Spreewald . &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Huber|first=Joachim|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;BRObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Schikora|first=Klaus|title=ZDF-Sportreporterin Jana Thiel mit 44 Jahren gestorben|url=https://www.br.de/nachrichten/sport/zdf-sportreporterin-jana-thiel-mit-44-jahren-gestorben,68r34c1k6mtk4e9k6rvk0c9n6gt38|publisher=[[Bayerischer Rundfunk]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zụlitere ya na Brandenburg . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọrụ Thiel na onye nta akụkọ malitere na 1989 mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na redio redio Antenne Brandenburg, &lt;ref name=&quot;BRObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;TageblattObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tonnar|first=Chantal|title=ZDF-Ski-alpin-Expertin Jana Thiel ist tot|url=https://www.tageblatt.lu/nachrichten/zdf-ski-alpin-expertin-jana-thiel-ist-tot-19993694/|work=[[Tageblatt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke bụ akụkụ nke Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg (ORB) na Potsdam, &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot; /&gt; dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nta akụkọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  N'afọ 1994, ọ gbanwere na telivishọn, na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba egwuregwu nke ORB, iji nwetakwuo ahụmahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;TageblattObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html|work=[[Die Welt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 1997 ruo 1999, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Thiel bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na Free University of Berlin ka ọ na-aga n'ihu n'ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya na ịgbasawanye ihe ọmụma ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MPObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel|url=https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html|work=[[Berliner Morgenpost]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ngalaba akụkọ egwuregwu dịka onye na-ahụ maka egwuregwu maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbasa ozi nke ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Deutsche Welle DW-TV sitere na 1999 ruo 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Riedmeier|first=Glenn|date=11 July 2016|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel im Alter von 44 Jahren verstorben|url=https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=Fernsehserien|archivedate=2 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802195709/https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRiedmeier2016&quot;&gt;Riedmeier, Glenn (11 July 2016). [https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel im Alter von 44 Jahren verstorben&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel died at the age of 44&amp;#x5D;. Fernsehserien. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802195709/https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Huber|first=Joachim|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHuber2016&quot;&gt;Huber, Joachim (11 July 2016). [https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel has died&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Nke Tagesspiegel|Der Tagesspiegel]]'' (in German). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172209/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Thiel malitere ịrụ ọrụ nwa oge maka onye mgbasa ozi ZDF wee bụrụ onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu maka mmemme telivishọn ''ZDF-Morgenmagazin'' na Berlin malite na 2000. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Haas|first=Christa|date=13 July 2016|title=Nachruf Auf Jana Thiel: Lebensmotto: Nie aufgeben!!!|url=https://www.sportjournalist.de/VDS-Nachrichten/Meldungen/;1682-Nachruf_auf_Jana_Thiel|accessdate=3 August 2021|publisher=Verband Deutscher Sportjournalisten|language=de|archivedate=3 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803071922/https://www.sportjournalist.de/VDS-Nachrichten/Meldungen/;1682-Nachruf_auf_Jana_Thiel}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya maka ihe nrite Deutscher Fernsehpreis na ngalaba mgbasa ozi egwuregwu kacha mma maka mkpuchi ya nke 2002 Tour de France na 2002 Winter Olympics na Salt Lake City. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nominierte 2002|date=9 July 2012|url=https://www.deutscher-fernsehpreis.de/archiv/archiv-2002/nominierte-2002/|accessdate=3 August 2021|publisher=[[Deutscher Fernsehpreis]]|language=de|archivedate=23 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923030308/https://www.deutscher-fernsehpreis.de/archiv/archiv-2002/nominierte-2002//}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'etiti afọ 2003, a kpaliri ya ịnye akwụkwọ akụkọ ''egwuregwu ehihie na mgbede heute'', na-anọchi nwa oge onye bụbu onye na-egwu mmiri na onye mgbasa ozi Kristin Otto, bụ onye nọ na ezumike ọmụmụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;DW2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Moderatorin auf Zeit: Jana Thiel halbiert ihre kurzen Nächte|url=https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article692569/Moderatorin-auf-Zeit-Jana-Thiel-halbiert-ihre-kurzen-Naechte.html|work=Die Welt|language=de|date=5 June 2003|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gbanwere Thiel na ngalaba egwuregwu izizi nke ZDF na Mainz na Ọktoba 2004, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport|url=https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archivedate=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=[[ZDF]]|language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/ &quot;Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Jana Thiel: Former presenter of HR Sport&amp;#x5D; (in German). [[ZDF]]. Archived from [https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/ the original] on 11 July 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MPObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel|url=https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html|work=[[Berliner Morgenpost]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html &quot;So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel&quot;] &amp;#x5B;This is how colleagues mourn the loss of ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Berliner Morgenpost]]'' (in German). 11 July 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172209/https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-eweta akwụkwọ akụkọ egwuregwu mgbede bụ isi na ''heute'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html|work=[[Die Welt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel is dead&amp;#x5D;. ''[[anwụ Welt|Die Welt]]'' (in German). 11 July 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172211/https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nketa ==
Joachim Huber nke ''Der Tagesspiegel'' dere banyere Thiel: &quot;Onye ọ bụla hụrụ ma nụ Jana Thiel n'oge nhazi ya na ajụjụ ọnụ ya nwere ahụmahụ onye nta akụkọ telivishọn bụ onye lekwasịrị anya n'ịdị mma nke egwuregwu na njirimara onye na-eme egwuregwu. Ụdị Hooray dị iche na ya. Ọ na-etinye aka na ya, ọ chọrọ izigara ndị na-ege ntị ihe ọ ga-ahụ - na ihe ọ na-enweghị ike ịhụ - na-enweghị ihe oyiyi na-enweghị atụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Huber|first=Joachim|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHuber2016&quot;&gt;Huber, Joachim (11 July 2016). [https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel has died&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Nke Tagesspiegel|Der Tagesspiegel]]'' (in German). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172209/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
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      <text bytes="13091" sha1="8bbqcr2gg2cn586mghx7vnn74n67q3n" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Jana Thiel''' (17 Ọktoba 1971 - 11 Julaị 2016) bụ onye ngosi egwuregwu German na onye nta akụkọ maka ZDF . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọdụ redio Antenne Brandenburg tupu ọ gawa na ngalaba egwuregwu nke Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg . Thiel sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Deutsche Welle DW-TV na 1999 wee rụọ ọrụ ebe ahụ ruo 2002. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ZDF na 2000 dị ka onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu maka mmemme telivishọn ''ZDF-Morgenmagazin'' wee bụrụ ngalaba egwuregwu izizi nke mgbasa ozi dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-eweta akwụkwọ akụkọ egwuregwu mgbede bụ isi na ''heute'' afọ anọ ka e mesịrị. Thiel kpuchiri Egwuregwu Olimpik oyi, Egwuregwu Olimpik Summer, Egwuregwu Paralympic, ski Alpine, iko mba ụwa nke 2006 na Germany na egwuregwu FEI World Equestrian .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Na 17 October 1971, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Riedmeier|first=Glenn|date=11 July 2016|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel im Alter von 44 Jahren verstorben|url=https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=Fernsehserien|archivedate=2 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802195709/https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport|url=https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archivedate=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=[[ZDF]]|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ Thiel na Peitz im Spreewald na Spreewald . &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Huber|first=Joachim|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;BRObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Schikora|first=Klaus|title=ZDF-Sportreporterin Jana Thiel mit 44 Jahren gestorben|url=https://www.br.de/nachrichten/sport/zdf-sportreporterin-jana-thiel-mit-44-jahren-gestorben,68r34c1k6mtk4e9k6rvk0c9n6gt38|publisher=[[Bayerischer Rundfunk]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zụlitere ya na Brandenburg.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọrụ Thiel na onye nta akụkọ malitere na 1989 mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na redio redio Antenne Brandenburg, &lt;ref name=&quot;BRObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;TageblattObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tonnar|first=Chantal|title=ZDF-Ski-alpin-Expertin Jana Thiel ist tot|url=https://www.tageblatt.lu/nachrichten/zdf-ski-alpin-expertin-jana-thiel-ist-tot-19993694/|work=[[Tageblatt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke bụ akụkụ nke Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg (ORB) na Potsdam, &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot; /&gt; dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nta akụkọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  N'afọ 1994, ọ gbanwere na telivishọn, na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba egwuregwu nke ORB, iji nwetakwuo ahụmahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;TageblattObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html|work=[[Die Welt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 1997 ruo 1999, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Thiel bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na Free University of Berlin ka ọ na-aga n'ihu n'ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya na ịgbasawanye ihe ọmụma ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MPObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel|url=https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html|work=[[Berliner Morgenpost]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ngalaba akụkọ egwuregwu dịka onye na-ahụ maka egwuregwu maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbasa ozi nke ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Deutsche Welle DW-TV sitere na 1999 ruo 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Riedmeier|first=Glenn|date=11 July 2016|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel im Alter von 44 Jahren verstorben|url=https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=Fernsehserien|archivedate=2 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802195709/https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRiedmeier2016&quot;&gt;Riedmeier, Glenn (11 July 2016). [https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel im Alter von 44 Jahren verstorben&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel died at the age of 44&amp;#x5D;. Fernsehserien. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802195709/https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Huber|first=Joachim|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHuber2016&quot;&gt;Huber, Joachim (11 July 2016). [https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel has died&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Nke Tagesspiegel|Der Tagesspiegel]]'' (in German). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172209/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Thiel malitere ịrụ ọrụ nwa oge maka onye mgbasa ozi ZDF wee bụrụ onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu maka mmemme telivishọn ''ZDF-Morgenmagazin'' na Berlin malite na 2000. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Haas|first=Christa|date=13 July 2016|title=Nachruf Auf Jana Thiel: Lebensmotto: Nie aufgeben!!!|url=https://www.sportjournalist.de/VDS-Nachrichten/Meldungen/;1682-Nachruf_auf_Jana_Thiel|accessdate=3 August 2021|publisher=Verband Deutscher Sportjournalisten|language=de|archivedate=3 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803071922/https://www.sportjournalist.de/VDS-Nachrichten/Meldungen/;1682-Nachruf_auf_Jana_Thiel}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya maka ihe nrite Deutscher Fernsehpreis na ngalaba mgbasa ozi egwuregwu kacha mma maka mkpuchi ya nke 2002 Tour de France na 2002 Winter Olympics na Salt Lake City. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nominierte 2002|date=9 July 2012|url=https://www.deutscher-fernsehpreis.de/archiv/archiv-2002/nominierte-2002/|accessdate=3 August 2021|publisher=[[Deutscher Fernsehpreis]]|language=de|archivedate=23 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923030308/https://www.deutscher-fernsehpreis.de/archiv/archiv-2002/nominierte-2002//}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'etiti afọ 2003, a kpaliri ya ịnye akwụkwọ akụkọ ''egwuregwu ehihie na mgbede heute'', na-anọchi nwa oge onye bụbu onye na-egwu mmiri na onye mgbasa ozi Kristin Otto, bụ onye nọ na ezumike ọmụmụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;DW2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Moderatorin auf Zeit: Jana Thiel halbiert ihre kurzen Nächte|url=https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article692569/Moderatorin-auf-Zeit-Jana-Thiel-halbiert-ihre-kurzen-Naechte.html|work=Die Welt|language=de|date=5 June 2003|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gbanwere Thiel na ngalaba egwuregwu izizi nke ZDF na Mainz na Ọktoba 2004, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport|url=https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archivedate=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=[[ZDF]]|language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/ &quot;Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Jana Thiel: Former presenter of HR Sport&amp;#x5D; (in German). [[ZDF]]. Archived from [https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/ the original] on 11 July 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MPObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel|url=https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html|work=[[Berliner Morgenpost]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html &quot;So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel&quot;] &amp;#x5B;This is how colleagues mourn the loss of ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Berliner Morgenpost]]'' (in German). 11 July 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172209/https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-eweta akwụkwọ akụkọ egwuregwu mgbede bụ isi na ''heute'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html|work=[[Die Welt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel is dead&amp;#x5D;. ''[[anwụ Welt|Die Welt]]'' (in German). 11 July 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172211/https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nketa ==
Joachim Huber nke ''Der Tagesspiegel'' dere banyere Thiel: &quot;Onye ọ bụla hụrụ ma nụ Jana Thiel n'oge nhazi ya na ajụjụ ọnụ ya nwere ahụmahụ onye nta akụkọ telivishọn bụ onye lekwasịrị anya n'ịdị mma nke egwuregwu na njirimara onye na-eme egwuregwu. Ụdị Hooray dị iche na ya. Ọ na-etinye aka na ya, ọ chọrọ izigara ndị na-ege ntị ihe ọ ga-ahụ - na ihe ọ na-enweghị ike ịhụ - na-enweghị ihe oyiyi na-enweghị atụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Huber|first=Joachim|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHuber2016&quot;&gt;Huber, Joachim (11 July 2016). [https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel has died&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Nke Tagesspiegel|Der Tagesspiegel]]'' (in German). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172209/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
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      <text bytes="11958" sha1="g6eteddumtdgr0242sa7axqrqtuat3y" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Jana Thiel''' (17 Ọktoba 1971 - 11 Julaị 2016) bụ onye ngosi egwuregwu German na onye nta akụkọ maka ZDF . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọdụ redio Antenne Brandenburg tupu ọ gawa na ngalaba egwuregwu nke Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg . Thiel sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Deutsche Welle DW-TV na 1999 wee rụọ ọrụ ebe ahụ ruo 2002. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ZDF na 2000 dị ka onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu maka mmemme telivishọn ''ZDF-Morgenmagazin'' wee bụrụ ngalaba egwuregwu izizi nke mgbasa ozi dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-eweta akwụkwọ akụkọ egwuregwu mgbede bụ isi na ''heute'' afọ anọ ka e mesịrị. Thiel kpuchiri Egwuregwu Olimpik oyi, Egwuregwu Olimpik Summer, Egwuregwu Paralympic, ski Alpine, iko mba ụwa nke 2006 na Germany na egwuregwu FEI World Equestrian .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Na 17 October 1971, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Riedmeier|first=Glenn|date=11 July 2016|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel im Alter von 44 Jahren verstorben|url=https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=Fernsehserien|archivedate=2 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802195709/https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport|url=https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archivedate=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=[[ZDF]]|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ Thiel na Peitz im Spreewald na Spreewald . &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Huber|first=Joachim|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;BRObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Schikora|first=Klaus|title=ZDF-Sportreporterin Jana Thiel mit 44 Jahren gestorben|url=https://www.br.de/nachrichten/sport/zdf-sportreporterin-jana-thiel-mit-44-jahren-gestorben,68r34c1k6mtk4e9k6rvk0c9n6gt38|publisher=[[Bayerischer Rundfunk]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zụlitere ya na Brandenburg.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọrụ Thiel na onye nta akụkọ malitere na 1989 mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na redio redio Antenne Brandenburg, &lt;ref name=&quot;BRObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;TageblattObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tonnar|first=Chantal|title=ZDF-Ski-alpin-Expertin Jana Thiel ist tot|url=https://www.tageblatt.lu/nachrichten/zdf-ski-alpin-expertin-jana-thiel-ist-tot-19993694/|work=[[Tageblatt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke bụ akụkụ nke Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg (ORB) na Potsdam, &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot; /&gt; dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nta akụkọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  N'afọ 1994, ọ gbanwere na telivishọn, na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba egwuregwu nke ORB, iji nwetakwuo ahụmahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;TageblattObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html|work=[[Die Welt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 1997 ruo 1999, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Thiel bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na Free University of Berlin ka ọ na-aga n'ihu n'ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya na ịgbasawanye ihe ọmụma ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MPObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel|url=https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html|work=[[Berliner Morgenpost]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ngalaba akụkọ egwuregwu dịka onye na-ahụ maka egwuregwu maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbasa ozi nke ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Deutsche Welle DW-TV sitere na 1999 ruo 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Riedmeier|first=Glenn|date=11 July 2016|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel im Alter von 44 Jahren verstorben|url=https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=Fernsehserien|archivedate=2 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802195709/https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRiedmeier2016&quot;&gt;Riedmeier, Glenn (11 July 2016). [https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel im Alter von 44 Jahren verstorben&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel died at the age of 44&amp;#x5D;. Fernsehserien. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802195709/https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot; /&gt;Thiel malitere ịrụ ọrụ nwa oge maka onye mgbasa ozi ZDF wee bụrụ onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu maka mmemme telivishọn ''ZDF-Morgenmagazin'' na Berlin malite na 2000. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Haas|first=Christa|date=13 July 2016|title=Nachruf Auf Jana Thiel: Lebensmotto: Nie aufgeben!!!|url=https://www.sportjournalist.de/VDS-Nachrichten/Meldungen/;1682-Nachruf_auf_Jana_Thiel|accessdate=3 August 2021|publisher=Verband Deutscher Sportjournalisten|language=de|archivedate=3 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803071922/https://www.sportjournalist.de/VDS-Nachrichten/Meldungen/;1682-Nachruf_auf_Jana_Thiel}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya maka ihe nrite Deutscher Fernsehpreis na ngalaba mgbasa ozi egwuregwu kacha mma maka mkpuchi ya nke 2002 Tour de France na 2002 Winter Olympics na Salt Lake City. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nominierte 2002|date=9 July 2012|url=https://www.deutscher-fernsehpreis.de/archiv/archiv-2002/nominierte-2002/|accessdate=3 August 2021|publisher=[[Deutscher Fernsehpreis]]|language=de|archivedate=23 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923030308/https://www.deutscher-fernsehpreis.de/archiv/archiv-2002/nominierte-2002//}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'etiti afọ 2003, a kpaliri ya ịnye akwụkwọ akụkọ ''egwuregwu ehihie na mgbede heute'', na-anọchi nwa oge onye bụbu onye na-egwu mmiri na onye mgbasa ozi Kristin Otto, bụ onye nọ na ezumike ọmụmụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;DW2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Moderatorin auf Zeit: Jana Thiel halbiert ihre kurzen Nächte|url=https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article692569/Moderatorin-auf-Zeit-Jana-Thiel-halbiert-ihre-kurzen-Naechte.html|work=Die Welt|language=de|date=5 June 2003|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gbanwere Thiel na ngalaba egwuregwu izizi nke ZDF na Mainz na Ọktoba 2004, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport|url=https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archivedate=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=[[ZDF]]|language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/ &quot;Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Jana Thiel: Former presenter of HR Sport&amp;#x5D; (in German). [[ZDF]]. Archived from [https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/ the original] on 11 July 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MPObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel|url=https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html|work=[[Berliner Morgenpost]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html &quot;So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel&quot;] &amp;#x5B;This is how colleagues mourn the loss of ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Berliner Morgenpost]]'' (in German). 11 July 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172209/https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-eweta akwụkwọ akụkọ egwuregwu mgbede bụ isi na ''heute'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html|work=[[Die Welt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel is dead&amp;#x5D;. ''[[anwụ Welt|Die Welt]]'' (in German). 11 July 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172211/https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nketa ==
Joachim Huber nke ''Der Tagesspiegel'' dere banyere Thiel: &quot;Onye ọ bụla hụrụ ma nụ Jana Thiel n'oge nhazi ya na ajụjụ ọnụ ya nwere ahụmahụ onye nta akụkọ telivishọn bụ onye lekwasịrị anya n'ịdị mma nke egwuregwu na njirimara onye na-eme egwuregwu. Ụdị Hooray dị iche na ya. Ọ na-etinye aka na ya, ọ chọrọ izigara ndị na-ege ntị ihe ọ ga-ahụ - na ihe ọ na-enweghị ike ịhụ - na-enweghị ihe oyiyi na-enweghị atụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Huber|first=Joachim|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHuber2016&quot;&gt;Huber, Joachim (11 July 2016). [https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel has died&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Nke Tagesspiegel|Der Tagesspiegel]]'' (in German). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172209/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
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      <text bytes="10835" sha1="hijjp0fm0y1lgvgfagsrydb5tmrp7oq" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Jana Thiel''' (17 Ọktoba 1971 - 11 Julaị 2016) bụ onye ngosi egwuregwu German na onye nta akụkọ maka ZDF . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọdụ redio Antenne Brandenburg tupu ọ gawa na ngalaba egwuregwu nke Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg . Thiel sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Deutsche Welle DW-TV na 1999 wee rụọ ọrụ ebe ahụ ruo 2002. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ZDF na 2000 dị ka onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu maka mmemme telivishọn ''ZDF-Morgenmagazin'' wee bụrụ ngalaba egwuregwu izizi nke mgbasa ozi dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-eweta akwụkwọ akụkọ egwuregwu mgbede bụ isi na ''heute'' afọ anọ ka e mesịrị. Thiel kpuchiri Egwuregwu Olimpik oyi, Egwuregwu Olimpik Summer, Egwuregwu Paralympic, ski Alpine, iko mba ụwa nke 2006 na Germany na egwuregwu FEI World Equestrian .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Na 17 October 1971, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Riedmeier|first=Glenn|date=11 July 2016|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel im Alter von 44 Jahren verstorben|url=https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=Fernsehserien|archivedate=2 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802195709/https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport|url=https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archivedate=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=[[ZDF]]|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ Thiel na Peitz im Spreewald na Spreewald . &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Huber|first=Joachim|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;BRObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Schikora|first=Klaus|title=ZDF-Sportreporterin Jana Thiel mit 44 Jahren gestorben|url=https://www.br.de/nachrichten/sport/zdf-sportreporterin-jana-thiel-mit-44-jahren-gestorben,68r34c1k6mtk4e9k6rvk0c9n6gt38|publisher=[[Bayerischer Rundfunk]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zụlitere ya na Brandenburg.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọrụ Thiel na onye nta akụkọ malitere na 1989 mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na redio redio Antenne Brandenburg, &lt;ref name=&quot;BRObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;TageblattObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tonnar|first=Chantal|title=ZDF-Ski-alpin-Expertin Jana Thiel ist tot|url=https://www.tageblatt.lu/nachrichten/zdf-ski-alpin-expertin-jana-thiel-ist-tot-19993694/|work=[[Tageblatt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke bụ akụkụ nke Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg (ORB) na Potsdam, &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot; /&gt; dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nta akụkọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  N'afọ 1994, ọ gbanwere na telivishọn, na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba egwuregwu nke ORB, iji nwetakwuo ahụmahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;TageblattObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html|work=[[Die Welt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 1997 ruo 1999, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Thiel bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na Free University of Berlin ka ọ na-aga n'ihu n'ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya na ịgbasawanye ihe ọmụma ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MPObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel|url=https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html|work=[[Berliner Morgenpost]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ngalaba akụkọ egwuregwu dịka onye na-ahụ maka egwuregwu maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbasa ozi nke ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Deutsche Welle DW-TV sitere na 1999 ruo 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

&lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot; /&gt;Thiel malitere ịrụ ọrụ nwa oge maka onye mgbasa ozi ZDF wee bụrụ onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu maka mmemme telivishọn ''ZDF-Morgenmagazin'' na Berlin malite na 2000. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Haas|first=Christa|date=13 July 2016|title=Nachruf Auf Jana Thiel: Lebensmotto: Nie aufgeben!!!|url=https://www.sportjournalist.de/VDS-Nachrichten/Meldungen/;1682-Nachruf_auf_Jana_Thiel|accessdate=3 August 2021|publisher=Verband Deutscher Sportjournalisten|language=de|archivedate=3 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803071922/https://www.sportjournalist.de/VDS-Nachrichten/Meldungen/;1682-Nachruf_auf_Jana_Thiel}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya maka ihe nrite Deutscher Fernsehpreis na ngalaba mgbasa ozi egwuregwu kacha mma maka mkpuchi ya nke 2002 Tour de France na 2002 Winter Olympics na Salt Lake City. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nominierte 2002|date=9 July 2012|url=https://www.deutscher-fernsehpreis.de/archiv/archiv-2002/nominierte-2002/|accessdate=3 August 2021|publisher=[[Deutscher Fernsehpreis]]|language=de|archivedate=23 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923030308/https://www.deutscher-fernsehpreis.de/archiv/archiv-2002/nominierte-2002//}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'etiti afọ 2003, a kpaliri ya ịnye akwụkwọ akụkọ ''egwuregwu ehihie na mgbede heute'', na-anọchi nwa oge onye bụbu onye na-egwu mmiri na onye mgbasa ozi Kristin Otto, bụ onye nọ na ezumike ọmụmụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;DW2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Moderatorin auf Zeit: Jana Thiel halbiert ihre kurzen Nächte|url=https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article692569/Moderatorin-auf-Zeit-Jana-Thiel-halbiert-ihre-kurzen-Naechte.html|work=Die Welt|language=de|date=5 June 2003|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gbanwere Thiel na ngalaba egwuregwu izizi nke ZDF na Mainz na Ọktoba 2004, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport|url=https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archivedate=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=[[ZDF]]|language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/ &quot;Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Jana Thiel: Former presenter of HR Sport&amp;#x5D; (in German). [[ZDF]]. Archived from [https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/ the original] on 11 July 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MPObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel|url=https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html|work=[[Berliner Morgenpost]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html &quot;So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel&quot;] &amp;#x5B;This is how colleagues mourn the loss of ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Berliner Morgenpost]]'' (in German). 11 July 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172209/https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-eweta akwụkwọ akụkọ egwuregwu mgbede bụ isi na ''heute'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html|work=[[Die Welt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel is dead&amp;#x5D;. ''[[anwụ Welt|Die Welt]]'' (in German). 11 July 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172211/https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nketa ==
Joachim Huber nke ''Der Tagesspiegel'' dere banyere Thiel: &quot;Onye ọ bụla hụrụ ma nụ Jana Thiel n'oge nhazi ya na ajụjụ ọnụ ya nwere ahụmahụ onye nta akụkọ telivishọn bụ onye lekwasịrị anya n'ịdị mma nke egwuregwu na njirimara onye na-eme egwuregwu. Ụdị Hooray dị iche na ya. Ọ na-etinye aka na ya, ọ chọrọ izigara ndị na-ege ntị ihe ọ ga-ahụ - na ihe ọ na-enweghị ike ịhụ - na-enweghị ihe oyiyi na-enweghị atụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Huber|first=Joachim|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHuber2016&quot;&gt;Huber, Joachim (11 July 2016). [https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel has died&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Nke Tagesspiegel|Der Tagesspiegel]]'' (in German). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172209/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
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      <text bytes="10831" sha1="07t82xmti6kdm5c02cwdfn1le8ymtff" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Jana Thiel''' (17 Ọktoba 1971 - 11 Julaị 2016) bụ onye ngosi egwuregwu German na onye nta akụkọ maka ZDF . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọdụ redio Antenne Brandenburg tupu ọ gawa na ngalaba egwuregwu nke Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg . Thiel sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Deutsche Welle DW-TV na 1999 wee rụọ ọrụ ebe ahụ ruo 2002. Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na ZDF na 2000 dị ka onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu maka mmemme telivishọn ''ZDF-Morgenmagazin'' wee bụrụ ngalaba egwuregwu izizi nke mgbasa ozi dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-eweta akwụkwọ akụkọ egwuregwu mgbede bụ isi na ''heute'' afọ anọ ka e mesịrị. Thiel kpuchiri Egwuregwu Olimpik oyi, Egwuregwu Olimpik Summer, Egwuregwu Paralympic, ski Alpine, iko mba ụwa nke 2006 na Germany na egwuregwu FEI World Equestrian .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Na 17 October 1971, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Riedmeier|first=Glenn|date=11 July 2016|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel im Alter von 44 Jahren verstorben|url=https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=Fernsehserien|archivedate=2 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802195709/https://www.fernsehserien.de/news/zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-im-alter-von-44-jahren-verstorben}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport|url=https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archivedate=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=[[ZDF]]|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ Thiel na Peitz im Spreewald na Spreewald . &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Huber|first=Joachim|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;BRObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Schikora|first=Klaus|title=ZDF-Sportreporterin Jana Thiel mit 44 Jahren gestorben|url=https://www.br.de/nachrichten/sport/zdf-sportreporterin-jana-thiel-mit-44-jahren-gestorben,68r34c1k6mtk4e9k6rvk0c9n6gt38|publisher=[[Bayerischer Rundfunk]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zụlitere ya na Brandenburg.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọrụ Thiel na onye nta akụkọ malitere na 1989 mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na redio redio Antenne Brandenburg, &lt;ref name=&quot;BRObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;TageblattObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tonnar|first=Chantal|title=ZDF-Ski-alpin-Expertin Jana Thiel ist tot|url=https://www.tageblatt.lu/nachrichten/zdf-ski-alpin-expertin-jana-thiel-ist-tot-19993694/|work=[[Tageblatt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke bụ akụkụ nke Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg (ORB) na Potsdam, &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot; /&gt; dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye nta akụkọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  N'afọ 1994, ọ gbanwere na telivishọn, na-arụ ọrụ na ngalaba egwuregwu nke ORB, iji nwetakwuo ahụmahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;TageblattObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html|work=[[Die Welt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 1997 ruo 1999, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Thiel bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na Free University of Berlin ka ọ na-aga n'ihu n'ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya na ịgbasawanye ihe ọmụma ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MPObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel|url=https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html|work=[[Berliner Morgenpost]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ngalaba akụkọ egwuregwu dịka onye na-ahụ maka egwuregwu maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbasa ozi nke ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Deutsche Welle DW-TV sitere na 1999 ruo 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot; /&gt;Thiel malitere ịrụ ọrụ nwa oge maka onye mgbasa ozi ZDF wee bụrụ onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu maka mmemme telivishọn ''ZDF-Morgenmagazin'' na Berlin malite na 2000. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Haas|first=Christa|date=13 July 2016|title=Nachruf Auf Jana Thiel: Lebensmotto: Nie aufgeben!!!|url=https://www.sportjournalist.de/VDS-Nachrichten/Meldungen/;1682-Nachruf_auf_Jana_Thiel|accessdate=3 August 2021|publisher=Verband Deutscher Sportjournalisten|language=de|archivedate=3 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803071922/https://www.sportjournalist.de/VDS-Nachrichten/Meldungen/;1682-Nachruf_auf_Jana_Thiel}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya maka ihe nrite Deutscher Fernsehpreis na ngalaba mgbasa ozi egwuregwu kacha mma maka mkpuchi ya nke 2002 Tour de France na 2002 Winter Olympics na Salt Lake City. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nominierte 2002|date=9 July 2012|url=https://www.deutscher-fernsehpreis.de/archiv/archiv-2002/nominierte-2002/|accessdate=3 August 2021|publisher=[[Deutscher Fernsehpreis]]|language=de|archivedate=23 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923030308/https://www.deutscher-fernsehpreis.de/archiv/archiv-2002/nominierte-2002//}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'etiti afọ 2003, a kpaliri ya ịnye akwụkwọ akụkọ ''egwuregwu ehihie na mgbede heute'', na-anọchi nwa oge onye bụbu onye na-egwu mmiri na onye mgbasa ozi Kristin Otto, bụ onye nọ na ezumike ọmụmụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;DW2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Moderatorin auf Zeit: Jana Thiel halbiert ihre kurzen Nächte|url=https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article692569/Moderatorin-auf-Zeit-Jana-Thiel-halbiert-ihre-kurzen-Naechte.html|work=Die Welt|language=de|date=5 June 2003|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gbanwere Thiel na ngalaba egwuregwu izizi nke ZDF na Mainz na Ọktoba 2004, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport|url=https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/|archivedate=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021|publisher=[[ZDF]]|language=de}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133553/https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/ &quot;Jana Thiel: Ehemalige Moderatorin der HR Sport&quot;] &amp;#x5B;Jana Thiel: Former presenter of HR Sport&amp;#x5D; (in German). [[ZDF]]. Archived from [https://presseportal.zdf.de/biografie/Person/jana-thiel/ the original] on 11 July 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MPObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel|url=https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html|work=[[Berliner Morgenpost]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html &quot;So trauern Kollegen um ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel&quot;] &amp;#x5B;This is how colleagues mourn the loss of ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Berliner Morgenpost]]'' (in German). 11 July 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172209/https://www.morgenpost.de/kultur/tv/article207819213/So-trauern-Kollegen-um-ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ na onye na-eweta akwụkwọ akụkọ egwuregwu mgbede bụ isi na ''heute'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;DWObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot|url=https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html|work=[[Die Welt]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel tot&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel is dead&amp;#x5D;. ''[[anwụ Welt|Die Welt]]'' (in German). 11 July 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172211/https://www.welt.de/sport/article156956739/ZDF-Sportmoderatorin-Jana-Thiel-tot.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;
== Ihe nketa ==
Joachim Huber nke ''Der Tagesspiegel'' dere banyere Thiel: &quot;Onye ọ bụla hụrụ ma nụ Jana Thiel n'oge nhazi ya na ajụjụ ọnụ ya nwere ahụmahụ onye nta akụkọ telivishọn bụ onye lekwasịrị anya n'ịdị mma nke egwuregwu na njirimara onye na-eme egwuregwu. Ụdị Hooray dị iche na ya. Ọ na-etinye aka na ya, ọ chọrọ izigara ndị na-ege ntị ihe ọ ga-ahụ - na ihe ọ na-enweghị ike ịhụ - na-enweghị ihe oyiyi na-enweghị atụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;DerTagObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Huber|first=Joachim|title=ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html|work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|language=de|date=11 July 2016|accessdate=2 August 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHuber2016&quot;&gt;Huber, Joachim (11 July 2016). [https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html &quot;ZDF-Sportmoderatorin Jana Thiel gestorben&quot;] &amp;#x5B;ZDF sports presenter Jana Thiel has died&amp;#x5D;. ''[[Nke Tagesspiegel|Der Tagesspiegel]]'' (in German). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802172209/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wintersportexpertin-wurde-44-jahre-alt-zdf-sportmoderatorin-jana-thiel-gestorben/13859332.html Archived] from the original on 2 August 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 August&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
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    <title>Egwuregwu Ụwa nke Ụmụ nwanyị nke 1922</title>
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[[Usòrò:Marie_Mejzlíková_1922.jpg|thumb|199x199px| Marie Mejzlíková nke Abụọ]]
[[Usòrò:Mary_Lines_1921b.jpg|thumb|199x199px| Mary Lines]]
[[Usòrò:Lucie_Bréard_1920_(cropped).jpg|thumb|106x106px| Lucie Bréard]]
[[Usòrò:Camille_Sabie_1922.jpg|thumb|198x198px| Camille Sabie]]
[[Usòrò:Hilda_Hatt_1922.jpg|thumb|217x217px| Hilda Hatt]]
[[Usòrò:Francesca_Pianzola_1922.jpg|thumb|129x129px| Francesca Pianzola]]
[[Usòrò:Lucile_Godbold_1922.jpg|thumb|157x157px| Lucile Godbold]]
'''Egwuregwu ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyị afọ 1922''' (French '''Jeux Olympiques Féminin''', nakwa &quot;Egwuregwu Olimpik nke Ụmụ nwanyị&quot;) bụ egwuregwu mba ụwa nke mbụ mgbe niile na asọmpi Track na ubi mbụ maka ụmụ nwanyị. Emere asọmpi a n'otu ụbọchị na ọnwa Ọgọst iri abuo, afọ 1922. na Pershing Stadium na Paris .   

== Ihe omume ==
Egwuregwu ndị ahụ bụ nke Fédération Sportive Féminine Internationale haziri n'okpuru Alice Milliat&lt;ref name=&quot;A&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kidd|first=Bruce|title=The Women's Olympic Games: Important Breakthrough Obscured By Time|journal=CAAWS Action Bulletin|year=1994|url=http://www.caaws-womenatthegames.ca/olympics/2004/history/womens_games.cfm|accessdate=10 December 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKidd1994&quot;&gt;Kidd, Bruce (1994). [https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222439/http://www.caaws-womenatthegames.ca/olympics/2004/history/womens_games.cfm &quot;The Women's Olympic Games: Important Breakthrough Obscured By Time&quot;]. ''CAAWS Action Bulletin''. Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women and Sport and Physical Activity. Archived from [http://www.caaws-womenatthegames.ca/olympics/2004/history/womens_games.cfm the original] on 2 December 2013&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 December&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;B&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9gzLNx0cqzcC&amp;dq=Monte+Carlo+1921+Olympiades+Feminines&amp;pg=PA97 Laurence Prudhomme-Poncet], &quot;Histoire du football féminin au XXe siècle&quot; L'Harmattan 2003, page 99, Retrieved 10 December 2013&lt;/ref&gt; dịka nzaghachi maka ịjụ nke Olimpik Kọmitii mba uwa itinye ihe omume ụmụ nwanyị na Egwuregwu Olimpik nke afọ 1924.

Ndị iri asaa na asaa sonyere egwuregwu a sitere na mba ise  &lt;ref name=&quot;B&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9gzLNx0cqzcC&amp;dq=Monte+Carlo+1921+Olympiades+Feminines&amp;pg=PA97 Laurence Prudhomme-Poncet], &quot;Histoire du football féminin au XXe siècle&quot; L'Harmattan 2003, page 99, Retrieved 10 December 2013&lt;/ref&gt;  Czechoslovakia, France  (ndị egwuregwu iri atọ na abụọ), Great Britain, Switzerland na USA (ndị egwuregwu iri na atọ). Ndị otu America bụ: Kathryn Agar, Florieda Batson, Maybelle Gilliland, Lucile Godbold, [[Esther Green]], Anne Harwick, [[Frances Mead]], Maud Rosenbaum, Camille Sabie, [[Janet Snow]], Elizabeth Stine, [[Louise Voorhees]] na Nancy Voorhees .

Ndị na-eme egwuregwu ahụ sonyere n'ihe omume iri na otu: &lt;ref name=&quot;B&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=9gzLNx0cqzcC&amp;dq=Monte+Carlo+1921+Olympiades+Feminines&amp;pg=PA97 Laurence Prudhomme-Poncet], &quot;Histoire du football féminin au XXe siècle&quot; L'Harmattan 2003, page 99, Retrieved 10 December 2013&lt;/ref&gt;  na-agba ọsọ (100 mita, 100 yad, 300 mita, 1000 mita, 4 x 110 yad relay na mgbochi 100 yad), elu elu, ogologo ịwụli elu, iguzo ogologo ịwụli elu, nke ana kpo javelin ya na ịgba tinye.&lt;ref name=&quot;G&quot;&gt;[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/fsfi.htm ''FSFI Women's World Games''] GBR Athletics, Retrieved 10 December 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

E ji Ememe egwuregwu Olimpik meghee asọmpi ahụ. Egwuregwu ahụ dọtara ndị na-ekiri 20,000 na ndekọ ụwa 18  ka e debere.

== Nchịkọta nrite ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Paola Lettieri</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="3701" sha1="pl240tqc2cq2txsrvmqu6rm58vn53qw" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Paola Lettieri''' post-nominals|country=GBR|FREng|FIChemE bụ onye injinia kemịkalụ Britain-Italia bụ onye prọfesọ nke Chemical Engineering na Pro-Provost nke UCL East na Mahadum College London. Nnyocha ya na-atụle mmiri mmiri na nyocha usoro ndụ. Ọ ewepụtala usoro akụkọ ihe mere eme na-adịgide adịgide.

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Lettieri bụ onye Ịtali. Ọ gara Sapienza University of Rome, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ Laurea na 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://profiles.ucl.ac.uk/7839&lt;/ref&gt; Lettieri wee kwaga na United Kingdom, ebe ọ gụchara nyocha nke gụsịrị akwụkwọ na University College London. Nnyocha ya tụlere mmetụta nke àgwà okpomọkụ na-asọ na gas fluidised bed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis|title=A ọmụmụ nke mmetụta okpomọkụ na omume eruba nke ihe siri ike na gas fluidized bed.|url=https: //www.worldcat.org/oclc/53571505|ụbọchị=1999|asụsụ=English|mbụ=Paola| ikpeazụ=Lettieri|oclc=53571505}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lettieri sonyeere BP Chemicals ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ.

== Nnyocha na ọrụ ==
Na 2001 Lettieri sonyeere ngalaba injinịa kemịkalụ na University College London. Na ịmalite ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya, mkpakọrịta nyocha sitere na Royal Academy of Engineering kwadoro ya. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ injinia nwetara ụdị nkwanye ugwu dị otu a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; A họpụtara ya onye otu Institution of Chemical Engineers na 2007.{{citation need|date=September 2021 }}

Nchọpụta Lettieri tụlere fluidization na ntụle okirikiri ndụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| ikpeazụ=UCL|ụbọchị=2018-10-08|title=Prof Paola Lettieri|url=https:// www.ucl.ac.uk/chemical-engineering/people/prof-paola-lettieri|access-date=2021-09-22|website=UCL Department of Chemical Engineering|asụsụ=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite webụ|aha=Fluidization: Overview|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucecple/index.html|nweta-date=2021-09-22|webụsaịtị=www.ucl.ac. uk|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2024-10-24|archivedate=2017-09-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915171549/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucecple/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;O nwere mmasị na mbido gas mkpofu. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Advanced Plasma Power na nchikota gasification na mgbanwe plasma, na-emepụta gas synthetic dị iche iche site na mkpofu ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web| last=Andrew Wade|date=2015-11-26 | aha = Ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ihu ọrụ: ọrụ dịgasị iche iche na engineering|url=https://www.theengineer.co.uk/women-at-the-workface-the-variety-of-roles-in-engineering/| access-date=2021-09-22|website=Injinia|asụsụ=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro a na-anakọta ihe mkpofu, kewaa ọla, rọba na ugegbe wee gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ refuse-derived fuel s. . Mgbe a na-agbanye mmanụ ndị a na-ekpofu ọkụ n'ime arịa gasifier, gas synthetic na-emepụta. A na-agafe gas, nke bụ carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen na uzuoku, site na ihe ntụgharị plasma. Enwere ike iji gas na-esi na ya pụta maka ikpo ọkụ na ọkụ eletrik.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Na University College London, Lettieri rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote onye isi nke atụmatụ atụmatụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Na ikike ahụ, ọ na-ahụ maka mmepe nke UCL East na Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2021 ka a họpụtara Lettieri ka ọ bụrụ onye otu Royal Academy of Engineering.&lt;ref&gt;Cite web|title=Ndị otu ọhụrụ 2021 Prọfesọ Paola Lettieri|url=https:/ /www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/the-fellowship/new-fellows-2021/fellows/professor-paola-lettieri|website=Royal Academy of Engineering&lt;/ref&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga == 
{{Wikipedia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lettieri, Paola}} 
[[category:ụmụ nwanyị]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Rustam Ali</title>
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Rustam Ali onye a maara dị ka Rustam Ali Mollah ( - 6 June 2023) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Bangladesh, dike asụsụ na onye nhazi nke agha ntọhapụ.  A họpụtara ya onye otu nzuko omeiwu sitere na Rangpur-21 na ntuli aka izugbe Bangladesh nke 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;1979results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt;|title=List of 2nd Parliament Members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf|accessdate=13 August 2014|work=Bangladesh Parliament|language=bn|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904090815/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf|archivedate=4 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=|first=|date=13 August 2022|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/politics/wpl3bdqlvt|accessdate=6 September 2023|work=[[Prothom Alo]]|language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A anim Rustom Ali n'ihe dị ka n'afọ n'obodo Char Deluabari nke Phulchari na Gaibandha, mgbe ahụ British India.  Ọ biri na mpaghara ụfọdụ nke Gaibandha.  O nwe ụmụ nwoke ise na ụmụ ekiri na abụọ ndụ agụ na egosi ya.  Nwa ya nwoke Mahamudun Nabi Tutul bụ ike ukwu nke Bangladesh Nationalist Party nke Gaibandha District . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=6 June 2023|url=https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/obituary/683233/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906122054/https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/obituary/683233/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE|archivedate=6 September 2023|accessdate=6 September 2023|work=[[Jugantor]]|language=bn|title=Archive copy}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;. ''[[Jugantor]]'' (in Bengali). 6 June 2023.  from the original on 6 September 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 September&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 uses Bengali-language script (bn)]]
[[Category:CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=6 June 2023|url=https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2306176760/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8|accessdate=6 September 2023|work=[[Samakal]]|language=bn}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231008150118/https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2306176760/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8 &lt;bdi lang=&quot;bn&quot;&gt;গাইবান্ধার সাবেক এমপি রোস্তম আলী মোল্লা মারা গেছেন&lt;/bdi&gt;]. ''[[Samakal]]'' (in Bengali). 6 June 2023.  from the original on 6 September 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 September&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 uses Bengali-language script (bn)]]
[[Category:CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Rustom Ali ọrụ ya dị ka onye nkuzi wee laa ezumike dị ka onye isi nke Shaghata Pilot Girls School na College.  Ọ na-etinye aka na-ahụ ike site n'oge ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ.  Ọ bụ onye agha na onye na-hazi agha onwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=6 June 2023|url=https://ajkerjanagan.com/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%B8/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20230906122358/https://ajkerjanagan.com/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6-%E0%A6%B8/|archivedate=6 September 2023|accessdate=6 September 2023|work=Daily Ajkerjanagan|language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye nkọwa na onye mmalite nke Gaibandha District BNP.  Akụ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu site na mpaghara Rangpur-21 dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa onye otu Bangladesh Nationalist Party na elu aka Bangladesh nke afọ 1979. &lt;ref name=&quot;1979results&quot; /&gt;{{Cite web|author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt;|title=List of 2nd Parliament Members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf|accessdate=13 August 2014|work=Bangladesh Parliament|language=bn|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904090815/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf|archivedate=4 September 2018}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180904090815/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf &quot;List of 2nd Parliament Members&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''Bangladesh Parliament'' (in Bengali). Archived from [http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 4 September 2018&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;13 August&lt;/span&gt; 2014&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5x4vAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=%22Rustam+Ali%22|title=The Election Archives|date=1981|publisher=Shiv Lal|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|author=|first=|date=13 August 2022|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/politics/wpl3bdqlvt|accessdate=6 September 2023|work=[[Prothom Alo]]|language=bn}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.prothomalo.com/politics/wpl3bdqlvt &lt;bdi lang=&quot;bn&quot;&gt;ফজলে রাব্বীর আসনে কে হচ্ছেন নৌকার প্রার্থী&lt;/bdi&gt;]. ''[[Prothom Alo]]'' (in Bengali). 13 August 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230906122054/https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2306176760/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8 Archived] from the original on 6 September 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 September&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 uses Bengali-language script (bn)]]
[[Category:CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnwụ ==
Rustam Ali nwụrụ na June 6 2023 na ụlọ ọgwụ TMSS na Bogra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|date=6 June 2023|url=https://samakal.com/whole-country/article/2306176760/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8|accessdate=6 September 2023|work=[[Samakal]]|language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Cite web|date=6 June 2023|url=https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/obituary/683233/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20230906120547/https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/obituary/683233/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE|archivedate=6 September 2023|accessdate=6 September 2023|work=[[Jugantor]]|language=bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
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    <title>Park So-yi</title>
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{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;Park So-yi&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mw-file-element&quot; data-file-height=&quot;1825&quot; data-file-type=&quot;bitmap&quot; data-file-width=&quot;1455&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;276&quot; resource=&quot;./File:20230708_Park_So-yi_2023_01.jpg&quot; src=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/20230708_Park_So-yi_2023_01.jpg/220px-20230708_Park_So-yi_2023_01.jpg&quot; srcset=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/20230708_Park_So-yi_2023_01.jpg/330px-20230708_Park_So-yi_2023_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/20230708_Park_So-yi_2023_01.jpg/440px-20230708_Park_So-yi_2023_01.jpg 2x&quot; width=&quot;220&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:20230708_Park_So-yi_2023_01.jpg|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt; Park na Jenụwarị 2023&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | Amụrụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;( &lt;span class=&quot;bday&quot;&gt;2012-03-12&lt;/span&gt; )&lt;/span&gt; Maachị 12, 2012 &lt;span class=&quot;noprint ForceAgeToShow&quot;&gt;(afọ&amp;nbsp;13)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt; South Korea&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;bday&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | Ọrụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri
|- class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | Afọ&amp;nbsp;arụ ọrụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; | 2018 - dị ugbu a
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | Onye nnọchi anya
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; | [[YG Entertainment|YG ntụrụndụ]] 
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|}
'''Park So-yi''' ( Korean  ; amuru March 12, 2012) bu onye omekorita nwa South Korea. Ọ gbara arụmụka site na usoro telivishọn ''Mistress'' (2018) ma bụrụ onye amara nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na fim ''Deliver Us from Evil'' (2020) na ''Pawn'' (2020), na usoro telivishọn ''The Atypical Family'' (2024).

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==

=== 2012–2017: Ndụ mbụ ===
Park So-yi ( Korean  ) a mụrụ na March 12, 2012, na South Korea. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://search.naver.com/search.naver?sm=mtb_pcv&amp;where=nexearch&amp;query=%EB%B0%95%EC%86%8C%EC%9D%B4|title=Park So-yi on Naver|work=[[Naver]]|accessdate=April 23, 2021|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na nne na nna ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke ọ tọrọ bi wee debanye aha ya na Dongmak Elementary School [ ko ] . Amara dị ka nwa akwụkwọ ihe nlere anya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Park chọrọ ịghọ dọkịta n'oge ntozu ya, na-ahọrọ dị ka ihe ọzọ na-eme ihe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Young|first=Mun-hwa|url=https://news.tf.co.kr/read/entertain/2107194.htm|publisher=The Fact|date=June 17, 2024|accessdate=July 18, 2024|language=ko|archivedate=July 18, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718055345/https://news.tf.co.kr/read/entertain/2107194.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na ndụmọdụ nke nwanne nne ya na nwanne nne ya, nne Park gara ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na-eme ihe maka ndụmọdụ; emesịa debanye aha n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ma nabata ya na nyocha maka ọrụ na-aga n'ihu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jung|first=Yu-jin|url=https://www.news1.kr/entertain/interview/4208797|publisher=News1|date=February 11, 2021|accessdate=May 2, 2024|language=ko|archivedate=July 18, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718053719/https://www.news1.kr/entertain/interview/4208797}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2018–ugbu a: Mmalite ọrụ yana ịrị elu ewu ewu ===
Ngosipụta telivishọn mbụ Park dị ka nwata na-eme ihe nkiri bụ mgbe ọ dị afọ isii ya na usoro telivishọn OCN ''Mistress'' (2018). Ọ nwetara nkwanye ugwu n'ụlọ maka ọrụ ya dị ka Yoo-min na ihe nkiri ahụ, ''Napụta Anyị n'Ajọ'' (2020). Ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ahụ mere ka ọ bụrụ nhọpụta maka onyinye ihe nkiri kacha mma na ihe nkiri na Baeksang Arts Awards . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Onye isi oche Yoon Je-kyoon kwadoro, Park gara ihe ngosi ka ọ kpọọ Seung-yi dị afọ 9 bụ onye ghọrọ ihe nkwado na fim ''Pawn'' (2020), ebe etinyere mbụ na nlele maka ihe nkiri ọzọ Yoon na-akwadebe. N'ebe ahụ, ọ họọrọ nke mbụ n'ime ndị na-ege ntị 300 maka ọrụ ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;  Onye isi ya, Kang Dae-gyu, tụrụ aro ka nne Park gụọrọ ya Les Miserables maka ọnọdụ ka mma maka ọrụ ya, ịchọta myirịta ya na Cosette na Seung-yi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bae|first=Hyo-joo|url=https://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=202010080912516710|publisher=Newsen|date=October 8, 2020|accessdate=May 2, 2024|language=ko|archivedate=|archiveurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Eprel 19, 2021 YG Entertainment kpughere Park sonyeere dị ka mgbakwunye ọhụrụ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. Otu akwụkwọ sitere na labelụ ahụ kpughere: &quot;Anyị nwere obi ụtọ na anyị na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Park So-yi na-arụkọ ọrụ, onye nwere nkà ime ihe siri ike na ikike pụrụ iche. Anyị na-eme atụmatụ ịkwado ya nke ọma iji gosipụta ikike ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na afọ ojuju ya.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hyo-jin|first=Jeon|url=https://sports.donga.com/article/all/20210419/106477052/1|work=Sports Dongha|date=April 18, 2021|accessdate=April 23, 2021|language=ko}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHyo-jin2021&quot;&gt;Hyo-jin, Jeon (April 18, 2021). [https://sports.donga.com/article/all/20210419/106477052/1 &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ko&quot;&gt;박소이, YG엔터테인먼트와 전속계약 &amp;#x5B;공식&amp;#x5D;&lt;/bdi&gt;] &amp;#x5B;Park So-yi Signs an Exclusive Contract with YG Entertainment [Official]&amp;#x5D;. ''Sports Dongha'' (in Korean)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko)]]
[[Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Park nwetara ọrụ izizi ya na telivishọn site na usoro JTBC ''The Atypical Family'' (2022), gụnyere Jang Ki-yong, Chun Woo-hee, na Claudia Kim . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke nwa nwanyị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Jang, wee gbaa ọnwa asaa ọzụzụ ịgba egwu maka agwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ha|first=Yu-mi|title=Park So-yi's Remarkable Growth and Performance in &quot;Atypical Family&quot;|url=https://www.hankooki.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=165038|work=[[Hankooki]]|date=June 10, 2024|accessdate=May 21, 2024|archivedate=July 19, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719045234/https://www.hankooki.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=165038}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oyiyi ọha ==
A họpụtara ya dị ka &quot;Rising Star of the Year&quot; site na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Korea, ''JoyNews24'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Park|first=Jin-young|url=https://www.joynews24.com/view/1312297|publisher=JoyNews24|date=October 31, 2020|accessdate=May 2, 2024|language=ko|archivedate=July 18, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718051748/https://www.joynews24.com/view/1312297}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye na-eme ihe nkiri &quot;kachasị ewu ewu&quot; nke 2020 n'akụkụ Kim Joon, Kim Kang-hoon, na Lee Re . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kim|first=Ye-eun|url=https://www.xportsnews.com/article/1339644|publisher=Xports News|date=October 25, 2020|accessdate=May 2, 2024|language=ko|archivedate=|archiveurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmemme ndị ọzọ ==

=== Nkwado ===
Na-eso mpụta mbụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn na ihe nkiri, Park pụtara na CF mbụ ya maka Hanssem Kitchen. Achọpụtara ya dị ka ihe nlereanya mgbasa ozi maka ụdị: Renault Samsung Motors 's SM6, KT Corporation, Visang Education Inc [ ko ], Wise Camp [ ko ], Seoul Milk, na Ministry of SMEs and Startups Korea Donghaeng Sale. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Jang Yeon-ju|url=https://www.hankyung.com/economy/article/202011305485a|work=[[The Korea Economic Daily]]|date=December 1, 2020|accessdate=April 24, 2021|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Choi Ji-eun|url=https://www.apnews.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1544981|work=APNews|date=March 30, 2021|accessdate=April 24, 2021|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Uwe akwa uwe SPA Top Ten Kids họpụtara Park ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngosi nkwado mbụ ya na ihe ngosi nka na 2021 ka afọ 21 nke azụmahịa gasịrị; onye nnọchiteanya sitere na ika ahụ kwuru, sị: &quot;A họọrọ Park So-yi dị ka &quot;Little Muse&quot; nke ika ahụ maka ịma mma ya mara mma, yana mmetụta ya bara ụba, dị ka egosipụtara na ọrụ dị iche iche.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cho Hye-jin|url=http://www.slist.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=219174|work=Single List|date=January 18, 2021|accessdate=April 23, 2021|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kim Min-ji|url=http://www.topdaily.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=89531|work=Top Daily|date=January 18, 2021|accessdate=April 23, 2021|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ ebere ===
Park nyere ego talent ya niile nke ọ natara maka itinye aka na mkpọsa mgbanwe ihu igwe nke akpọrọ &quot;Rewrite&quot; (2021) nke Green Umbrella Children Foundation na Focus Media Korea; ejiri ya kwado ezinụlọ ndị na-enweghị ego na-ata ahụhụ site na mgbanwe ihu igwe site na Green Umbrella Children Foundation. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Park Jung-sun|url=http://isplus.live.joins.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=24050090|work=Daily Sports|date=May 4, 2021|accessdate=May 4, 2021|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

=== Ihe nkiri ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Title
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Role
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Notes
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2019
|''Spring, Again''
|Ye-eun
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Park|first=Da-sol|url=https://www.insight.co.kr/news/306121|publisher=Insight|date=October 1, 2020|accessdate=July 19, 2024|language=ko|archivedate=October 28, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028005037/https://www.insight.co.kr/news/306121}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2020
|''The Hill of Wind''
|Park So-yi
|Cameo
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''Hotel Lake''
|Yoon Ji-yoo
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''Deliver Us from Evil''
|Yoo-min
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|''Pawn''
|Seung-yi (young)
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kwak|first=Yeon-soo|title=Ha Ji-won starring 'Pawn' adds new flair to 'tear jerker' films|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2024/07/398_294288.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]|date=August 12, 2020|accessdate=May 21, 2024|archivedate=July 17, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717092908/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2024/07/398_294288.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKwak2020&quot;&gt;Kwak, Yeon-soo (August 12, 2020). . ''[[The Korea Times]]''.  from the original on July 17, 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;May 21,&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2021
|''Unframed – Bandi''
|Jung Ban-di
|Short film
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=052&amp;aid=0001634278|author=Kim Seong-hyeon|work=[[YTN]]|date=August 31, 2021|accessdate=August 31, 2021|language=ko|archivedate=November 12, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013604/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=052&amp;aid=0001634278}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |2022
|''Vanishing''
|Yoona
|Korean-French Film
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lee|first=Gyu-lee|title=French director mixes Korean, European cultures in film 'Vanishing'|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2024/07/398_325211.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]|date=March 9, 2022|accessdate=May 21, 2024|archivedate=July 18, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718013844/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2024/07/398_325211.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;5&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2023
|''Switch''
|Ro-hee
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Song|first=Seung-hyun|title=Korean comedy 'Switch' retells 'Prince and the Pauper'|url=https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20221124000692|work=[[The Korea Herald]]|date=November 24, 2022|accessdate=May 21, 2024|archivedate=November 27, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127194241/https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20221124000692}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Jung_E''
|Yoon Seo-hyun (young)
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://n.news.naver.com/entertain/article/277/0005200490|author=Lee Seul|title=故강수연, 유작 '정이' 속 그리운 얼굴|publisher=Asian Economy|date=January 3, 2023|accessdate=January 3, 2023|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Dr. Cheon and Lost Talisman''
|Yoo-min
|
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lee|first=Gyu-lee|title=Gang Dong-won becomes exorcist con artist in 'Dr. Cheon and Lost Talisman'|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2024/07/398_359703.html|work=[[The Korea Times]]|date=September 20, 2023|accessdate=May 21, 2024|archivedate=July 17, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717095933/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/art/2024/07/398_359703.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''Taste of Horror: Tick Tock Tick Tock''
|Aji
|Short film
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Jung Yu-jin|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=421&amp;aid=0005417603|work=News1|date=June 16, 2021|accessdate=June 16, 2021|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwARA&quot;&gt;The Boys&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|Lee Eun-seol
|Cameo
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=강|first=효진|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=477&amp;aid=0000457578|accessdate=October 30, 2023|work=[[Naver]]|language=ko|archivedate=October 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030001728/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=477&amp;aid=0000457578}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable plainrowheaders&quot; 
|+Name of the award ceremony, year presented, award category, nominee(s) of the award, and the result of the nomination
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Award ceremony
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Year
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Category
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nominee(s) / work(s)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Result
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |APAN Star Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2024
|Best Child Actress
|''The Atypical Family''
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.jtbc.co.kr/article/NB12229574|work=[[JTBC]]|language=ko|author=Hwang So-young|date=December 29, 2024|accessdate=December 29, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Baeksang Arts Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Best New Actress – Film
|''Deliver Us from Evil''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Soriano|first=Jianne|title=All The Winners At The 2021 Baeksang Arts Awards|url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/the-scene/people-parties/ph-57th-baeksang-arts-awards-full-winners-list|work=[[Tatler|Tatler Asia]]|date=May 14, 2021|accessdate=July 18, 2024|archivedate=November 29, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129213327/https://www.tatlerasia.com/the-scene/people-parties/ph-57th-baeksang-arts-awards-full-winners-list}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Chunsa Film Art Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
|Best New Actress
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''Pawn''
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://m.slist.kr/news/ampArticleView.html?idxno=264966&amp;idxno=264966&amp;__twitter_impression=true|author=Park Kyung-hee|work=m.slist|publisher=[[Naver]]|date=July 5, 2021|accessdate=July 5, 2021|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Director's Cut Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
|Best New Actress in Film
| {{Nom}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=312&amp;aid=0000529514|author=Noh Kyu-min|publisher=Ten Asia|date=February 9, 2022|accessdate=February 9, 2022|language=ko|archivedate=February 9, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209020002/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=312&amp;aid=0000529514}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Golden Cinematography Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2021
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Best Young Actress
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://star.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/OhmyStar/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0002788929&amp;CMPT_CD=P0010&amp;|author=Kim Cheol-gwan|publisher=[[OhmyNews]]|date=November 21, 2021|accessdate=November 21, 2021|language=ko|archivedate=November 21, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121140722/http://star.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/OhmyStar/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0002788929&amp;CMPT_CD=P0010&amp;}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2023
|''Switch''
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |SBS Drama Awards
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2023
|Best Young Actress
|''Revenant''
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|title=Ahn Hyo-seop, Lee Je Hoon, Kim Yoo Jung, Kim Tae-ri win big at 2023 SBS Drama Awards|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/korean/ahn-hyo-seop-lee-je-hoon-kim-yoo-jung-kim-tae-ri-win-big-at-2023-sbs-drama-awards-see-complete-list-of-winners/articleshow/106387939.cms|work=[[Times of India]]|date=December 29, 2023|accessdate=July 18, 2024|archivedate=April 12, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412155054/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/news/korean/ahn-hyo-seop-lee-je-hoon-kim-yoo-jung-kim-tae-ri-win-big-at-2023-sbs-drama-awards-see-complete-list-of-winners/articleshow/106387939.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Seoul Int'l Children's Film Festival
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2022
|Kid of the Year
|Park So-yi
| {{Won}}
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.xportsnews.com/article/1594185|author=Kim Ye-eun|work=Xports News|publisher=|date=June 23, 2022|accessdate=June 23, 2022|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Ntụaka ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Robyn Curnow''' bụ onye nta akụkọ South Africa, onye mgbasa ozi, na onye edemede. Ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-ede akụkọ mba ọzọ maka CNN International na CNN USA . &lt;ref name=&quot;Robyn Curnow&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Robyn Curnow|url=https://www.robyncurnow.net/|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=Robyn Curnow|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Ọ kwadoro CNN's Newsroom na Robyn Curnow site na 2020 ruo 2022 site na CNN Center na [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]]. N'oge gara aga, ya na Robyn Curnow kwadoro The International Desk site na 2014 ruo 2019. Ihe omume ahụ bụ ihe ngosi akụkọ na-aga ngwa ngwa nke gosipụtara iru ụwa nke CNN site n'ịga na ndị nta akụkọ CNN gburugburu ụwa, na-agbaso ihe omume kwa ụbọchị na akụkọ ụwa maka ndị na-ekiri CNN na mba ụwa.

Tupu ọ kwaga USA, Curnow bụ onye nta akụkọ Africa nke CNN nke bi na Johannesburg, South Africa, site na 2006 ruo 2014. Ọ nọ na CNN's London Bureau dị ka onye nta akụkọ na onye nkwalite site na 2002 ruo 2006. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=Robyn Curnow Is Leaving CNN International|url=https://www.adweek.com/tvnewser/robyn-curnow-is-leaving-cnn-international/|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=www.adweek.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ihe karịrị afọ 20 na CNN gasịrị, na 3 Mee 2022, Curnow kwupụtara na ọ ga-ahapụ CNN.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=A.J. Katz|date=May 4, 2022|title=Robyn Curnow Is Leaving CNN International|url=https://www.adweek.com/tvnewser/robyn-curnow-is-leaving-cnn-international/506761/|publisher=Adweek|accessdate=4 May 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Curnow malitere pọdkastị &quot;Searching for America&quot; nke na-ezube ịkọwa America site n'echiche onye si n'èzí. Curnow dị na Atlanta, Georgia. Ndị ọbịa mbụ ya bụ Mark Hertling, Jason Kander, Leyla Santiago, Kevin Sullivan, Josh Clark yana ọtụtụ ndị America na-ekwu maka ihe kpatara na enwere nkewa na ihe enwere ike ime iji dozie ya.

Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nkà bụ CAA na-anọchite anya Curnow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Profile: Anchor Robyn Curnow on Life After CNN - Weekend Breakfast with Sara-Jayne Makwala King|url=https://omny.fm/shows/weekend-breakfast-capetalk/the-profile-anchor-robyn-curnow-on-life-after-cnn|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=omny.fm|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Curnow na Perth, Australia, ma zụlite ya na Johannesburg, South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A correspondent's take on Johannesburg - CNN.com|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/TRAVEL/04/09/curnow.johannesburg.travel/index.html|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=www.cnn.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara [https://www.stkatharines.co.za/ St Katharine]'s na St Mary's School for Girls na Johannesburg. Curnow ekwuola okwu banyere dyslexia ya, nke mere ka ọ lụọ ọgụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Curnow|first=Robyn|date=2019-06-06|title=The upside to dyslexia, even as a journalist|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/06/health/dyslexia-benefit-curnow/index.html|accessdate=2023-01-01|work=[[CNN]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=[Column] Robyn Curnow: The world is waking up to the power of dyslexia|url=https://africabusinesscommunities.com/features/column-robyn-curnow-the-world-is-waking-up-to-the-power-of-dyslexia/|accessdate=2023-01-01|work=Africa Business Communities|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Curnow gara Mahadum Natal, Pietermaritzburg, maka ọmụmụ Bekee na Sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Mgbe e mesịrị, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na South African Broadcasting Corporation, ọ gụsịrị nzere nsọpụrụ na Political Studies na Mahadum Witwatersrand. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ, ọ nwetara Chevening Scholarship iji mụọ maka nzere masta (M.phil) na International Relations na Mahadum Cambridge . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Spotlight: Robyn Curnow|url=https://www.polis.cam.ac.uk/alumni/spotlight-robyn-curnow|accessdate=25 October 2018|work=Cambridge}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọ na Magdalene College . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cardoso|first=Paul|date=2022-07-16|title=The top 3 female CNN news anchors you didn't know were African|url=https://www.naijanews.com/buzz/people/the-top-3-female-cnn-news-anchors-you-didnt-know-were-african/|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=Buzz|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518174959/https://www.naijanews.com/buzz/people/the-top-3-female-cnn-news-anchors-you-didnt-know-were-african/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Curnow bụ nwa nwa nke onye na-eme egwuregwu cricket na South Africa bụ Syd Curnow onye lụrụ ọgụ megide onye na-akụ ọkpọ Australia bụ Donald Bradman na egwuregwu nnwale 1930/31 na Australia. Nna Curnow na nwanne ya nwoke na-egwuri egwu asọmpi cricket nke mere ka ọ hụ egwuregwu ahụ n'anya ruo ogologo oge.

Nne na nna ya ochie, Robert na Margaret Oxley, bụ ndị si Warrington, England, kwaga South Africa, mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị. Robert bụ onye Japan a tụrụ mkpọrọ n'agha nke nyere aka wuo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Burma . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Curnow|first=Robyn|date=2015-11-25|title=Robyn Curnow traces granddad's POW journey|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/robyn-curnow-wwii-pow-changi-singapore/index.html|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=CNN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Margaret Oxley mere emume ncheta ọmụmụ 100 ya n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2024. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=x.com|url=https://x.com/RobynCurnow/status/1780283424692973677|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=X (formerly Twitter)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Curnow malitere ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi South Africa na 1996 dịka onye nta akụkọ maka mmemme akụkọ abalị nke obodo ahụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arị elu nke ndị nta akụkọ na-akọ akụkọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya ọhụrụ na South Africa na onyeisi oche nke Nelson Mandela.[1]

Curnow hapụrụ SABC na 2000 iji mụọ maka nzere masta ya na Mahadum Cambridge. N'ime afọ ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'efu maka BBC, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ maka BBC Look East.

Curnow malitere ịkọ akụkọ maka CNN na 2001 na [[London]], na-ekpuchi UK na Europe. Ọ kọrọ banyere ọnwụ Popu John Paul nke Abụọ site na Vatican, bọmbụ ndị dị na London, ezinụlọ eze, tsunami nke South Asia, na mgbasa ozi nke agha na Iraq.

N'afọ 2006, ọ kwagara Johannesburg, South Africa, ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ Africa nke CNN na di ya, Kim Norgaard, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Africa nke CNN.

Ọ gagharịala ọtụtụ ebe n'Afrịka wee kọọ akụkọ gbasara ọrịa HIV/AIDS, asọmpi Iko Mbaụwa nke 2010, Mohammad Gaddafi na African Union dị na Etiopia, ịrị elu nke Boko Haram na Nigeria, na agha obodo na Zimbabwe. Robyn buru ụzọ kwuo na Zimbabwe n'oge agha obodo 2000 mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na SABC. Na Mee 2011, ejidere ya na ndị otu CNN nọ na Harare ma machibido ya na mba ahụ.[1][2]

N'agbata afọ 2007 na afọ 2014, Curnow duziri ọtụtụ akụkụ na World Economic Forum na Africa, nke gosipụtara Onye isi ala South Africa Jacob Zuma, Onye isi ala Rwanda Paul Kagame, Onye isi oche Gabon Ali Bongo, onye isi IMF Christine Lagarde, na ndị isi azụmaahịa ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Koigi|first=Bob|date=14 March 2023|title=Ellana Lee: What CNN's investment in telling the African story represents|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201108012362.html|accessdate=18 May 2024|work=Africa business communities}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Curnow bụ onye guzobere CNN's Marketplace Africa (2010), ihe ngosi kwa izu nke gosipụtara ajụjụ ọnụ na akụkọ ya na ndị ọchụnta ego kachasị nwee ọganihu n'Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-08-11|title=TV with Thinus: BREAKING. CNN International's Robyn Curnow, Kim Norgaard leaving South Africa as Robyn Curnow is set to become a CNN anchor in Atlanta.|url=https://teeveetee.blogspot.com/2014/08/breaking-cnn-internationals-robyn.html|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=TV with Thinus}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'afọ 2013, Curnow gbara onye bụbu onye isi ala US George W. Bush na nwunye ya, Laura, ajụjụ ọnụ mgbe ha gara [[Zambia]] na njem ọrụ ebere mgbe ọ ghọsịrị onye isi ala. N'oge ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, Onye isi ala Bush kpọrọ Edward Snowden onye sabo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bush on Snowden: He damaged the country|date=July 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OC92JHSAYEA|accessdate=25 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Curnow nwere mkparịta ụka dị ukwuu na [[Botswana]] na onye bụbu First Lady Michelle Obama n'oge nleta ya na Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=13 October 2014|title=5 Questions for CNN International Anchor Robyn Curnow|url=https://www.adweek.com/tvnewser/five-questions-for-cnn-international-anchor-robyn-curnow/242986|accessdate=25 October 2018|work=TVNewswer}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara [[Oprah Winfrey]] [https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2012/01/13/curnow-safrica-oprah-intv.cnn Ajụjụ ọnụ] n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị ya na mpụga Johannesburg.Curnow matara [[Desmond Tutu|Achịbishọp Desmond Tutu]] dị ka nwa akwụkwọ mgbe ọ ga-ekwusa ozi ọma n'ụlọ ekpere ụlọ akwụkwọ ya na St Mary's School for Girls na 1980s. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ ga-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ na Soweto, London, [[Cape Town]], na Johannesburg. Na mkparịta ụka ikpeazụ ha, ọ kọrọ banyere nkatọ ya banyere pati ANC na-achị na South Africa.

Enyere Curnow ohere pụrụ iche ime emume ncheta ọmụmụ 80th Archbishop Desmond Tutu na ihe ngosi otu awa na Nrite Nobel Peace Prize.[1] Ọ kpọrọ ya dike na CNN pụrụ iche.[2]

Curnow gbara onye bụbu onye isi ala US Bill Clinton ajụjụ ọnụ na Qunu, South Africa, n'oge ọ gara nleta ya na First Lady Hillary Clinton n'ụlọ ime obodo Nelson Mandela.N'afọ 2013, Curnow duziri mgbasa ozi CNN banyere ọrịa na ọnwụ [[Nelson Mandela]] ma kọọrọ ya na ndụ site na olili ozu ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CNN's Anchors and Reporters in South Africa|url=http://cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com/2013/12/09/cnns-anchors-and-reporters-in-south-africa/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209171317/http://cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com/2013/12/09/cnns-anchors-and-reporters-in-south-africa/|archivedate=9 December 2013|accessdate=25 October 2018|publisher=[[CNN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Curnow na Mandela na ezinụlọ ya nwere mmekọrịta ogologo oge, na-agba ya ajụjụ ọnụ ọtụtụ ugboro n'oge na mgbe ọ bụ onye isi ala. Mkparịta ụka ya na ya n'ụbọchị ncheta ọmụmụ ya nke afọ 90 bụ akụkụ nke ajụjụ ọnụ ikpeazụ o nyere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=4 December 2014|title=A year later, recalling the 'Mandela Magic'|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/12/04/world/nelson-mandela-death-anniversary/index.html|accessdate=25 October 2018|publisher=[[CNN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2008, Curnow kọrọ banyere onye na-eme egwuregwu cross-cross abụọ Oscar Pistorius wee soro ọrụ ya ruo mgbe asọmpi London 2012. [1] Mgbe Pistorius gbagburu ma gbuo enyi nwanyị ya Reeva Steenkamp, Curnow bụ ihu CNN na ikpe igbu ọchụ na 2014. [2] Akụkọ ya na ihe ngosi na Anderson Cooper 360 gosipụtara ọkachamara na ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Pistorius, ezinụlọ ya, na ndị nọ n'ime ya. [3] Curnow nwere ụmụ abụọ mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ CNN Africa. Ọ kọwara onwe ya dị ka nne na-arụ ọrụ na onye nta akụkọ ọhụrụ maka ụmụ ọhụrụ na ụmụaka.

Curnow na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Atlanta, Georgia na 2014 iji kwado ''International Desk na Robyn Curnow'' na CNN International.

Curnow duziri akụkọ CNN banyere ọtụtụ mwakpo ndị na-eyi ọha egwu na 2015 na 2016, gụnyere mwakpo na [[Tunisia]], [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]], Egypt, na ihe si na mwakpo Paris na Nice pụta. Ihe ngosi Curnow gosipụtara ịrị elu na ọdịda nke ISIS na Agha Siria.

Curnow nọ n'ikuku mgbe ndị agha na-arụkọ ọrụ na-ebuso Mosul ọgụ na Iraq na October 2016, nke mere ya na ndị otu CNN nọ n'ala ozi na nhọpụta Emmy akwụkwọ akụkọ.

Curnow kọrọ akụkọ mbụ ya site na Havana, Cuba, n'oge nleta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke onye bụbu onye isi ala US [[Barack Obama]] na 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 March 2016|title=President Obama's exciting visit to Cuba|url=https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2016/03/22/obama-excitement-over-cuba-jen-psaki-interview.cnn|accessdate=25 October 2018|publisher=[[CNN]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ laghachiri Cuba iji kwado akụkọ CNN banyere ọnwụ Fidel Castro na Havana.

N'afọ 2018, Curnow natara nhọpụta Emmy na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na CNN maka mwakpo ụgbọelu na bọs ụlọ akwụkwọ na Yemen nke gburu ọtụtụ ụmụaka.

Na 2019, Curnow meriri Royal Television Society Award for Best Breaking News Coverage maka njedebe nke ọchịchị Onye isi ala Robert Mugabe na Zimbabwe na ndị otu CNN na Harare. Ndị ọkàikpe ahụ kọwara mkpuchi ahụ dị ka &quot;mmeri nke ịkọ akụkọ na nkà na ụzụ nke weghaara obi ụtọ nke oge a ma na-enwe isi dị jụụ&quot;.[1]

Curnow depụtara ịrị elu nke '''[[Xi Jinping]]''', ọchịchọ ndị China, na Taiwan. Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ kọrọ ọtụtụ ihe gbasara agha Russia na Europe, na-akwado ọtụtụ mkparịta ụka banyere '''Putin''', NATO, nsị Skripal, na otu Wagner.

. Curnow kwadoro mkpuchi CNN International banyere ntuli aka 2016 wee kpuchie onye isi ala na nchịkwa nke Onye isi ala US Trump - na-enyocha mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba maka ndị na-ege ntị zuru ụwa ọnụ - yana okwu metụtara ndị America, dị ka ọnwụ nne, agbụrụ, na mbata na ọpụpụ. Curnow kpuchiri akụkọ COVID-19 nke Onye isi ala Trump na CNN USA na CNN International. [1]

Na 2020, n'oge ọrịa COVID-19, Curnow rụrụ ọrụ na CNN Center na Atlanta maka CNN USA na CNN International. Ọ nọ n'ikuku n'oge ọrịa na-efe efe, na-agba ndị ọrụ ahụike, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị ọkachamara ahụike ndị ọzọ ajụjụ ọnụ.[1]

Curnow so n'òtù CNN nke meriri Ihe nrite duPont-Columbia maka akụkọ CNN banyere ọnwụ Jamal Khashoggi.

Curnow kpuchiri ntuli aka US nke 2020 na ọkwa onye isi ala Joe Biden.  Ọ nọ na ikuku n'oge mwepụ Afghanistan na ihe si na ya pụta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=x.com|url=https://twitter.com/RobynCurnow/status/1426792335476772864|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=X (formerly Twitter)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime afọ 2020 na 2021, ọ na-ekwu maka nnupụisi ahụ na Myanmar, mgbawa ahụ na Beirut, na ọkụ ọhịa na Sydney na [[California]]. Ọ nwetara nhọpụta ọzọ nke Emmy maka mkpuchi CNN banyere usoro mmegide nke China megide Ndị Uighur.

Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya, Curnow edeela maka Washington Post, Vogue, Cosmopolitan, Marie Clare, na International Herald Tribune.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=A candidate for governor of Maryland stutters. So does my young daughter.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2018/09/10/candidate-governor-maryland-stutters-so-does-my-young-daughter/|accessdate=25 October 2018|work=[[The Washington Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Curnow edeela banyere nwa ya nwanyị na nna ya na-asụ asụ na Washington Post.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2018-09-09|title=Perspective {{!}} A candidate for governor of Maryland stutters. So does my young daughter.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2018/09/10/candidate-governor-maryland-stutters-so-does-my-young-daughter/|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=Washington Post|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

CAA na-anọchite anya ya maka mbipụta na ikike TV / ihe nkiri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Robyn Curnow on LinkedIn: #novel #author #caa #knowingwhentoquit #storyteller {{!}} 51 comments|url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/robyn-curnow-68688b27_novel-author-caa-activity-7069715295996657664-dyXH|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ebere ==
Curnow bụ '''Onye nnọchi anya''' maka ọrụ ebere nke Britain nke Dyslexia mere, ma kwado ihe omume ụwa na Lincoln Center na [[New York City|New York]], Swedish Royal Palace na [[Stockholm]], na Science Museum na London.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Curnow|first=Robyn|date=2024-05-18|title=Robyn Curnow|url=https://www.robyncurnow.net/|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=Robyn Curnow|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Robyn na nwa ya nwanyị nke nta nwere dyslexia. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a họpụtara Robyn na Board nke Schenck School na Atlanta.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Curnow na ezinụlọ ya bi na Atlanta, Georgia ugbu a. Ọ lụrụ Kim Norgaard. Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa nke CNNI Newsgathering and Security Operations . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bunch|first=Riley|date=2021-09-15|title=Split-Second Decisions 7,400 Miles Apart: How CNN Evacuated Dozens From Afghanistan.|url=https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/09/15/split-second-decisions-7400-miles-apart-how-cnn-evacuated-dozens-afghanistan|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=Georgia Public Broadcasting|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kim Norgaard - Executive Director, CNNI Newsgathering And Security Operations at CNN|url=https://theorg.com/org/cnn/org-chart/kim-norgaard|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=THE ORG|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Norgaard gbara akụkọ CNN banyere Mwakpo Russia wakporo Ukraine site na Lviv na Kiev na 2022 na 2023. Mgbe mwakpo ndị na-eyi ọha egwu n'October 7 na Israel gasịrị, ọ na-ejikwa akụkọ CNN banyere Agha Gaza site na Tel Aviv na [[Jerusalem]].

* 2020 duPont-Columbia Award maka ''Mfu nke Jamal Khashoggi'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2020 Winners|url=https://dupont.org/2020winners|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=duPont-Columbia Awards|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020 News and Documentary Emmy nhọpụta maka Outstanding Investigative Report ''na Newscast maka Egwu na Mmegbu na Xinjiang'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-08-06|title=News 2020 Nominees - The Emmys|url=https://theemmys.tv/news/41st-nominations/,%20https://theemmys.tv/news/41st-nominations/|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=theemmys.tv|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019 '''Royal Television Society''' Award maka Breaking News on the Fall of Mugabe &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-02-01|title=RTS Television Journalism Awards 2019 sponsored by GuestBooker|url=https://rts.org.uk/award/rts-television-journalism-awards-2019-sponsored-guestbooker|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=Royal Television Society|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018 News and Documentary Emmy nhọpụta maka Outstanding Breaking News Coverage maka Yemen Bus Bombing &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-07-25|title=NOMINEES FOR THE 40th ANNUAL NEWS &amp; DOCUMENTARY EMMY® AWARDS ANNOUNCED - The Emmys|url=https://theemmys.tv/news-and-documentary-40th-nominees/,%20https://theemmys.tv/news-and-documentary-40th-nominees/|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=theemmys.tv|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018 News and Documentary Emmy nhọpụta maka Outstanding Breaking News Coverage maka Agha nke Mosul &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Robyn Curnow - Awards|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6926047/awards/|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=IMDb|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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  <page>
    <title>Ottah Francis Agbo</title>
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'''Ottah Francis Agbo''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria. Ọ bụ onye otu Federal Ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya, na-anọchite anya Ado/[[Ogbadibo]]/[[Okpokwu]] Federal Constituency nke Benue Steeti na 9th Mgbakọ mba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=tvcnewsng|date=2023-01-12|title=Court declares Francis Agbo as Benue PDP Rep candidate - Trending News|url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/2023/01/court-declares-francis-agbo-as-benue-pdp-rep-candidate/|accessdate=2025-01-03|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-01-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108175057/https://www.tvcnews.tv/2023/01/court-declares-francis-agbo-as-benue-pdp-rep-candidate/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Opejobi|first=Seun|date=2023-06-14|title=Key agenda before 10th NASS - Ex-lawmaker, Ottah Agbo|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/06/14/key-agenda-before-10th-nass-ex-lawmaker-ottah-agbo/|accessdate=2025-01-03|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=My restoration to ballot, a victory for rule of law - Rep Ottah Agbo|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2023/01/14/my-restoration-to-ballot-a-victory-for-rule-of-law-rep-ottah-agbo/|accessdate=2025-01-03|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/news/politics/benue-rep-begs-pdp-to-reverse-suspension-of-elumelu-others-2024081315083651461|accessdate=2025-01-03|work=www.pulse.ng|title=Benue Rep begs PDP to reverse suspension of Elumelu, others &amp;#124; Pulse Nigeria|archivedate=2025-01-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103144035/https://www.pulse.ng/articles/news/politics/benue-rep-begs-pdp-to-reverse-suspension-of-elumelu-others-2024081315083651461}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
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      <text bytes="3198" sha1="7k7qknzn6fvgps6smvpxdehjz349614" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox writer &lt;!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --&gt;
| name             = Jean Bodel
| birth_date       = {{circa|1165}}
| death_date       = {{circa|1210}}
| death_place      = [[Arras]]
| occupation       = [[poet]]
| nationality      = [[French people|French]]
| period           = [[Medieval]]
| genre            = [[chanson de geste]], [[fabliaux]]
| image            = [[File:Jehan Bodel - Li congié.jpg|thumb|Jean Bodel]]
}}

'''Jean Bodel''' (ihe dị ka 1165 - ihe dị ka 1210), nke a na-akpọkwa '''Jehan Bodel''', &lt;ref name=&quot;EB1911&quot;&gt;was an [[Old French]] [[poet]] who wrote a number of ''[[chanson de geste|chansons de geste]]'' as well as many [[fabliaux]]. He lived in [[Arras]].&lt;ref name=EB1911&gt;{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Bodel, Jehan |volume=4 |page=108}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye France na ede uri oge ochie nke dere ọtụtụ chansons de geste yana ọtụtụ fabliaux. Ọ biri na Arras.

== Ihe odide ==
Bodel dere Chanson des Saisnes [fr][1] (&quot;Abụ nke Saxons&quot;) gbasara agha Eze Charlemagne na ndị Saxon na onye ndu ha Widukind, onye Bodel kpọrọ Guiteclin. O dekwara egwu egwu a na-akpọ Le Jeu de saint Nicolas (&quot;The Play of Saint Nicolas&quot;), bụ nke a na-emebu na Arras na 5 December 1200. N'ịbụ nke e debere n'etiti agha epic n'etiti Ndị Kraịst na ndị Alakụba, egwuregwu ahụ na-akọ akụkọ banyere ezi Onye Kraịst nke gbapụrụ n'agha ahụ wee hụ na ọ na-ekpe ekpere na ihe oyiyi nke Saint Nicolas site n'aka ndị agha Muslim. Onye ndu Alakụba kpebiri ịnwale onye nsọ site na imeghe ọnụ ụzọ nke akụ ya na ịhapụ ihe oyiyi ahụ dị ka onye nlekọta, na-akọwa na ọ bụrụ na e zuru ihe ọ bụla Onye Kraịst ga-atụfu ndụ ya. Ndị ohi atọ na-anwa izu ohi akụ ahụ, mana Saint Nicolas kwụsịrị ha. N’ihi ya, onye ọchịchị Alakụba na ndị agha ya niile ghọrọ Ndị Kraịst.

Dị ka egwuregwu ebube French ọzọ sitere n'otu oge ahụ, Le Miracle de Théophile, Le Jeu de senti Nicolas nwere arịrịọ a na-akpọku ekwensu n'asụsụ amaghi ama:[1]

:: ''Palas Aron ozinomas''
:: ''Donut nke Baske bano tudan''
:: ''Geheamel cla orlay''
:: ''Berec hé pantaras tay''

Bodel bụ onye mbụ e dekọrọ edekọ ekewapụta gburugburu akụkọ ifo na usoro agụmagụ mara na akwụkwọ ochie n'ime &quot;Ihe atọ&quot;.

Abụ ya bụ La Chanson de Saisnes (&quot;Abụ nke ndị Saxon&quot;) nwere ahịrịokwu a:&lt;poem&gt;
''Ne sont que III matières à nul home antandant,''
''De France et de Bretaigne et de Rome la grant.''

&quot;There are but three matters for the understanding man:
Of France, and of Britain, and of great Rome.&quot; 
&lt;/poem&gt;

* &quot;Matter of Rome&quot;, ma ọ bụ akụkọ akụkọ sitere n'oge ochie
* &quot;Matter of Britain&quot;, banyere Eze Arthur na isiokwu ndị metụtara ya
* &quot;Ihe nke France&quot;, banyere Charlemagne na ndị na-akwado yaNdị na-agba ọsọ

Bodel butere ọrịa [[Ekpenta]] na 1202 ma ọ bụ 1205,  wee banye n'ụlọ ndị ekpenta. Mgbe ahụ, o dere ogologo oge nke ọma, &quot;Les Congés&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;EB1911&quot; /&gt; ọrụ ya kachasị mma na nke na-emetụ n'ahụ.

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
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  <page>
    <title>Safiatu Salifu</title>
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'''Safiatu Salifu''' (amuru 3 Maachị 2002) bu onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Ghana nke na-egwu egwu dika onye nche goolu maka otu Yanga Princess na ndi otu mba Ghana'''.''' . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Salifu Safiatu|url=https://www.soccerdonna.de/en/salifu-safiatu/profil/spieler_92424.html|accessdate=2024-03-30|work=soccerdonna.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Safiatu Salifu Stats, Height, Age &amp; Profile|url=https://elitefootball.com/profile/safiatu-salifu/36110|accessdate=2024-03-30|work=elitefootball.com|language=en|archivedate=2024-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330144124/https://elitefootball.com/profile/safiatu-salifu/36110}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Salifu gbara egwu dị ka onye na-eche nche maka Ampem Darkoa Ladies, onye ya na ya meriri asọmpi iko ụmụ nwanyị Ghana na 2023, na-edekọ akwụkwọ iri dị ọcha ma nye naanị goolu anọ n'ime egwuregwu iri na anọ. Ọ nwetara aha nke Player Kachasị Mma otu oge n'otu oge ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=2022-12-27|title=Safiatu Salifu signs two-year contract with Yanga Princess|url=https://gna.org.gh/2022/12/safiatu-salifu-signs-two-year-contract-with-yanga-princess/|accessdate=2024-03-30|work=Ghana News Agency|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-egwuri egwu ugbu a maka klọb Tanzania Yanga Princess.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Yanga Princess - Football club|url=https://www.soccerdonna.de/en/yanga-princess/startseite/verein_8271.html|accessdate=2024-03-30|work=Soccerdonna}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|title=Safiatu Salifu signs two-year contract with Yanga Princess|url=https://www.faapa.info/en/safiatu-salifu-signs-two-year-contract-with-yanga-princess/|accessdate=2024-03-30|work=FAAPA|language=en|archivedate=30 March 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330152217/https://www.faapa.info/en/safiatu-salifu-signs-two-year-contract-with-yanga-princess/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Salifu bụ onye Alakụba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aipsmedia.com/index.html?page=ydetail&amp;art=36321&amp;African-FootballGhanaWomens-Football&amp;bc=1&amp;p=183|title=Hijab and Football: How Ghana Women's Premier League is embracing diversity}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;
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  <page>
    <title>Petronel Nieuwoudt</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="3156" sha1="koj4zh9xi6e6if28hl862gb74jvnxk2" xml:space="preserve">'''Petronel Nieuwoudt''' bụ onye na-ahụ maka nchekwa anụ ọhịa na South Africa. N'afọ 2011, o hiwere ebe nchekwa anụ ọhịa Care For Wild na Mpumalanga, South Africa. Ọ bụ ebe nchekwa kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa. Ọ bụkwa onye isi nchịkwa nke ntọala ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Care For Wild {{!}} Our History|url=https://careforwild.co.za/about-us/our-history/#:~:text=Petronel%20Nieuwoudt,%20Founder%20and%20CEO,and%20kindness%20from%20her%20parents.|accessdate=2024-02-08|work=careforwild.co.za|archivedate=2024-02-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208172346/https://careforwild.co.za/about-us/our-history/#:~:text=Petronel%20Nieuwoudt,%20Founder%20and%20CEO,and%20kindness%20from%20her%20parents.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A zụlitere ya n'afọ ndị 1970 n'ugbo ime obodo dị na Roedtan, Limpopo, Nieuwoudt gara Mahadum Rand Afrikaans n'etiti afọ 1988 n'afọ 1991. Nna ya na-elekọta ugbo ahụ; nne ya bụ onye nkuzi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lockwood|first=Nikki|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k1hiEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=petronel+nieuwoudt&amp;pg=PA53|title=I Heart Africa Project|date=2022-03-10|publisher=Nikki Lockwood|isbn=979-8-4258-7265-4|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Niewoudt sonyeere ngalaba mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke South African Police Service's Endangered Species Protection Unit n'afọ 1991, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; ma mesịa bụrụ onyeisi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BBC One - Nature's Miracle Orphans - Petronel Nieuwoudt|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/2GktQlm8jT5CSysQdqMQZp6/petronel-nieuwoudt|accessdate=2024-02-08|work=BBC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; O guzobere The Game Capture School, nke na-akụziri ndị mmadụ banyere ijide, ọgwụgwọ na njikwa anụ ọhịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

O hiwere Sondela Wildlife Centre, na Bela-Bela, nke malitere ọrụ site na afọ 2005 ruo afọ 2007, wee hiwe Tamboti Wildlife Centre, na Mookoopong, n'etiti n'afọ 2007 na  afọ 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

N'afọ 2011, Petronel si Limpopo kwaga Mpumalanga, ebe o guzobere Care For Wild Africa, ebe a na-eme ka anụ ọhịa ndị Afrịka dịghachi mma nke ghọrọ ebe nchekwa Rhinoceros kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BBC One - Nature's Miracle Orphans - Petronel Nieuwoudt|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/2GktQlm8jT5CSysQdqMQZp6/petronel-nieuwoudt|accessdate=2024-02-08|work=BBC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe nsọ ahụ nwetara anụ rhinoceros mbụ ya n'afọ sochirinụ. Mmadụ anọ ndị ọzọ sochiri n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

N'afọ 2014, South African National Parks kpọrọ Petronel ka ọ guzobe mmekọrịta iji nyere aka na nnapụta, imezigharị na ichebe ụmụ mgbei. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BBC One - Nature's Miracle Orphans - Petronel Nieuwoudt|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/2GktQlm8jT5CSysQdqMQZp6/petronel-nieuwoudt|accessdate=2024-02-08|work=BBC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nieuwoudt malitere ndebanye aha nke ebe nsọ ya dị ka nzukọ na-enweghị uru. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Edemsibịa ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==
 
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    <title>Ivy Kellerman Reed</title>
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      <text bytes="3543" sha1="92uia3e0xxsr2ym3luipr7gtn1encue" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Ivy_Kellerman_Reed.png|thumb|Ivy Kellerman Reed]]
'''Ivy Kellerman Reed''' (July 8, 1877 - February 7, 1968) bụ onye edemede America na asụsụ Esperanto nke mba ụwa.

Onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ nwere nzere agụmakwụkwọ anọ maka ọrụ na Latịn, Grik, Sanskrit, na Persian na ọkara iri na abụọ nke asụsụ nke oge a, Reed bụ onye Esperantist siri ike.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Reed dere ụtọasụsụ abụọ maka Esperanto. The Complete Grammar of the International Language, nke e bipụtara na 1910, bụ nyocha nke ụtọ asụsụ Esperanto iji na mahadum- na ụmụ akwụkwọ kọleji, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ha chọrọ ịnọgide na-amụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ. The Practical Grammar of the International Language, nke e bipụtara nke mbụ ya na 1915,[1] nke gbagoro na mbipụta dị iche iche, bụ maka ọha na eze.

== Ọrụ ==
Reed dere ụtọ asụsụ abụọ maka Esperanto. The Complete Grammar of the International Language, nke e bipụtara na 1910, bụ nyocha nke asụsụ Esperanto maka ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum na kọleji, ọkachasị ma ọ bụrụ na ha chọrọ ịga n'ihu na-amụ asụsụ ndị ọzọ. Grammar Bara Uru nke Asụsụ Mba Nile, nke e bipụtara na 1915,  nke gbara ọtụtụ mbipụta, bụ maka ọha na eze.

Reed bụ onye ntụgharị ya na Ralph A. Lewin, nke mbipụta Esperanto a ma ama nke Winnie-the-Pooh. Ọ sụgharịrị Shakespeare's As You Like It, nke mbụ e nyere na World Esperanto Congress nke isii na Washington D.C. na 1910.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke American Esperantist, ọ bụkwa nnukwu onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba nke Delta Delta Delta site na 1900 ruo 1902. Ọ gara ma ọ dịkarịa ala n'egwuregwu abụọ na Washington, D.C., na 1913.

== Akwụkwọ ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080724170003/http://www.gutenberg.net/browse/BIBREC/BR7787.HTM Asụsụ zuru oke nke Esperanto]

== Ntụgharị ==

* ''&quot;{{Lang|eo|La reĝo de la ora rivero}}&quot;'', (1911) nsụgharị nke The King of the Golden River nke John Ruskin dere
* ''&quot;Kiel Pla trial al Vi&quot;'', (1910) nsụgharị nke As You Like It nke [[William Shakespeare]]
* ''&quot;{{Lang|eo|Winnie-la-Pu}}&quot;'', (nke e bipụtara na 1972) nsụgharị nke ''Winnie-the-Pooh'' nke A. A. Milne

== Ndụ nke onwe onye ==
Ivy Kellerman lụrụ Edwin C. Reed na 1909.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Leonard|first=John W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GvwUAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=Laddey&amp;pg=PA469|title=Woman's Who's who of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada, 1914-1915|date=1914|publisher=American Commonwealth Company|pages=677|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwụrụ na La Jolla, California na 1968, mgbe ọ dị afọ 90.

== Edensebia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Works by Ivy Kellerman ReednaỌrụ Gutenberg
* Works by or about Ivy Kellerman ReednaEbe Ndebe Ihe Ochie n'Intanet
* Works by Ivy Kellerman ReednaLibriVox (Akwụkwọ ndị a na-ege ntị n'ógbè ọha na eze) 
* JSTOR.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=au%3A%22Ivy%20Kellerman%22&amp;wc=on&amp;so=new&quot; id=&quot;mweA&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;Isiokwu na JSTOR
* &quot;Cheta Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ anyị&quot;, na &quot;Esperanto USA&quot;, nke nwetara ozi ya site na A History of the Esperanto League for North America, Inc.,  . 
* [http://www.nodo50.org/esperanto/Libroservo/Winnie.htm Winnie-la-Pu na Esperanto]
* &quot;Mkpa asụsụ mba ụwa&quot; na &quot;Popular Science&quot;, 1909.</text>
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    <title>Ejiri aka tinye akara bekee</title>
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      <text bytes="28626" sha1="kpfvuk9361jskvs3ge2yqyi9z75doww" xml:space="preserve">&lt;references /&gt;
Manually Coded English ('''MCE''') bụ okwu nche anwụ nke na-ezo aka n'ọtụtụ koodu ntuziaka e mepụtara iji gosipụta kpọmkwem ụtọ asụsụ na ọdịdị nke [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] a na-asụ. Koodu dị iche iche nke MCE dịgasị iche na ọkwa nke ịgbaso ụtọ asụsụ Bekee a na-asụ, ọdịdị, na syntax. A na-ejikarị MCE eme ihe na Bekee a na-asụ kpọmkwem.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hands &amp; Voices|url=https://handsandvoices.org/index.htm|accessdate=2024-03-25|work=handsandvoices.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Usoro Bekee eji aka dee ==
Handly coded English (MCE) bụ nsonaazụ nke mbọ Atụmatụ asụsụ na ọtụtụ mba, ọkachasị United States na 1970s. E mepụtara usoro anọ na mgbalị iji gosipụta Bekee a na-asụ n'aka; Seeing Essential English (nke a na-akpọkwa Morphemic Signing System (MSS) ma ọ bụ SEE-1), &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nielsen|first=Diane Corcoran|date=2016|title=The English-Language and Reading Achievement of a Cohort of Deaf Students Speaking and Signing Standard English: A Preliminary Study|journal=American Annals of the Deaf|volume=161|issue=3|pages=342–368|doi=10.1353/aad.2016.0026|pmid=27477041|issn=1543-0375}}&lt;/ref&gt; Signing Exact English (SEE-2 ma ọ bụ See), Linguistics of Visual English (LOVE), ma ọ bụ Signed English (SE).  Ndị mmepe usoro na ndị nkụzi ekwekọrịtaghị na izi ezi na izi ezi nke nnọchiteanya anọ a. &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt; MCE dị iche na American Sign Language, nke bụ asụsụ okike nwere ọdịdị dị iche, okwu, na syntax. Kama nke ahụ, ụdị MCE nke North America na-agbaziri ụfọdụ ihe lexical nke American Sign Language (ọ bụ ezie na ihe ọ pụtara na ọdịdị nwere ike ịbụ ihe mgbochi ma ọ bụ gbanwee) mgbe ị na-anwa ịgbaso ọdịdị Bekee, syntax, na usoro okwu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hands &amp; Voices|url=https://handsandvoices.org/index.htm|accessdate=2024-03-25|work=handsandvoices.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Asụsụ ndị ogbi na-eji ọdịdị na-abụghị nke na-esote, mmekọrịta oghere, ihu ihu, na ọnọdụ ahụ, ebe MCE anaghị eji ihe ndị ogbi eme ihe nke asụsụ ndị ogbi nke na-adịghị na Bekee a na-asụ, yana &quot;nke a machibidoro iwu, usoro usoro yana usoro okwu siri ike&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Fischer|first=Susan D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=56J2hOxD5yQC&amp;dq=manually+coded+english&amp;pg=PA85|title=Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research, Volume 2: Psychology|date=1991-06-25|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-25152-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ojiji na nkwurịta okwu ==
Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ nnyocha na-atụ aro na ahụmịhe nwere ike imeziwanye ogo nke ozi edere na Bekee (n'ụzọ ọdịdị nakwa na syntactically) na-eji aka ekwurịta okwu nke ọma, ọkachasị site n'aka ndị na-amụ ihe na-anụ na / ma ọ bụ nke na-asụ Bekee nke ọma, ọtụtụ ọmụmụ achọpụtala ọtụtụ nchegbu nwere ike inwe banyere iji usoro MCE n'ọnọdụ asụsụ okike. Ọdịdị ọdịdị nke ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ usoro MCE niile dị nnọọ iche na ọdịdị nke asụsụ ndị ogbi edere ede. N'ihi ya, ụmụaka ntị chiri na-ekpughe naanị na MCE na-enweta ọdịdị Bekee nke usoro MCE mgbe ndị ọgbọ ha na-anụ ihe gasịrị. Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-akụziri ụmụaka ntị chiri MCE na-egosi usoro &quot;na-adịghị mma&quot; nke iji ụdị ndị a. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ha na-enyocha morphemes ndị e kegidere na Bekee, dị ka &quot;-ing,&quot; dị ka morphemes n'efu, na-ekewa morphemes a site na ọnọdụ ha na-ejikọta na Bekee ma na-etinye ha n'ebe ọzọ n'ime ihe owuwu, na-emepụta ahịrịokwu ndị a na-ekpe ikpe dị ka ndị na-enweghị ụtọ asụsụ site n'ịanụ ndị ọrụ Bekee. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, ọ dịghị ụmụaka na-anụ ihe na-enweta Bekee a na-asụ ma ọ bụ ụmụaka ntị chiri na-enweta ASL dị ka asụsụ mbụ na-egosipụta usoro ndị a nke nnweta okwu na-adịghị mma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|date=2015-12-01|editor=Marschark|title=The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Language|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190241414.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-024141-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nsogbu ọzọ nwere ike ịba na MCE bụ ọnụego ozi na-aga. Nnyocha banyere ọnụego ntinye aka MCE na-atụ aro na usoro ụfọdụ nwere ike iwe ihe ruru okpukpu abụọ na ọkara nke oge dị mkpa iji zipu otu ozi ahụ na Bekee ma ọ bụ American Sign Language. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-atụ aro na nke a nwere ike imebi nkwurịta okwu site na iji usoro ndị a, n'ihi na ọ nwere ike iduga n'ibubiga ibu ókè na ncheta dị mkpirikpi ma e jiri ya tụnyere asụsụ okike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mitchell|first=Gordon S.|date=1982|title=Can Deaf Children Acquire English?: An Evaluation of Manually Coded English Systems in Terms of the Principles of Language Acquisition|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/18/article/386217|journal=American Annals of the Deaf|volume=127|issue=3|pages=331–336|doi=10.1353/aad.2012.1048|pmid=7113873|issn=1543-0375}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mba ndị na-asụ Bekee, ụfọdụ ndị na-eji asụsụ ndị ogbi eme ihe ga-agbanwe koodu n'ụdị MCE mgbe ha na onye asụsụ ya bụ Bekee na-akparịta ụka, ma ọ bụ mgbe ha na-ehota ihe sitere na Bekee, ọ bụ ezie na ịbịanye aka nwere ike ịbụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. MCE na-enwekwa mmasị mgbe ụfọdụ site n'aka ụfọdụ ndị na-anụ ihe, ndị a na-ahụ maka akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke asụsụ nke ha dị ka ihe dị mfe ịmụta karịa asụsụ ndị ogbi. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ọmụmụ na-atụ aro na ọtụtụ ndị na-anụ ihe nke usoro MCE nwere ike ịlụ ọgụ iji kwurịta okwu n'ụzọ dị irè ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ zuru oke site na iji usoro ndị a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Maxwell|first=Madeline M.|date=1990|title=Simultaneous Communication: The State of the Art &amp; Proposals for Change|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/18/article/507082|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=69|issue=1|pages=333–390|doi=10.1353/sls.1990.0019|issn=1533-6263}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Abbé Charles-Michel de l'Epee mepụtara usoro izizi mbụ a, onye mepụtara usoro iji akara aka kụziere ụmụaka ntị chiri n'afọ 1790. L'Epee gosipụtara ihe ịrịba ama ndị e ji mee ihe na Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris, ụlọ akwụkwọ o guzobere, n'ụdị abụọ: &quot;Ihe ịrịba ama okike,&quot; ma ọ bụ [[French language|French]]_Sign_Language&quot; id=&quot;mwWA&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Old French Sign Language&quot;&gt;Asụsụ Ogbi French Ochie, asụsụ ụmụ akwụkwọ ya na-eji eme ihe na obodo, na &quot;Ihe ịrịọ ama Metodical, nke e mere iji gbaa ụmụ akwụkwọ ume ịbịanye aka na syntax nke French. Otú ọ dị, &quot;Methodical Signs&quot; ndị a e wuru adaala n'iji ha eme ihe n'afọ 1830, dịka onye nduzi nke atọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, Roche-Ambrose Bébian, dere banyere ọdịda ha - ọkachasị mgbagwoju anya nke usoro asụsụ ndị ogbi - gbasara &quot;Natural Signs&quot; ma kwụsị iji ha eme ihe na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ. &quot;Methodical Signs&quot; dara n'anya na Europe na America, na &quot;echiche nke itinye aka na mmepe okike nke asụsụ ndị ogbi na ịhazigharị ihe ịrịba ama dịka ụtọ asụsụ nke asụsụ a na-ekwu okwu si dịghachi ndụ ruo mgbe MCE na 1970s. &quot;  Agụmakwụkwọ ka bụ ọnọdụ a na-ahụkarị ebe a na-eji aka eme ihe; ọ bụghị naanị na ụmụ akwụkwọ ntị chiri, kamakwa ụmụaka nwere ụdị okwu ma ọ bụ nsogbu asụsụ ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Supalla|first=Ted|date=2004|title=The Validity of the Gallaudet Lecture Films|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=4|issue=3|pages=261–292|issn=0302-1475}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ojiji nke MCE na agụmakwụkwọ ndị ntị chiri bụ arụmụka. Agụmakwụkwọ ndị ntị chiri nke oge a nwere ike ịgbaso otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ nkà ihe ọmụma agụmakwụkwọ na mgbalị mgbanwe, gụnyere agụmakwụkwọ n'asụsụ ndị ntị chiri, agụmakwụkwọ mu asụsụ ndị ogbi nke mba ahụ, Asụsụ abụọ na omenala abụọ, Total Communication, usoro eji aka dee dabere na asụsụ a na-asụ gburugburu ebe obibi (dị ka MCE), ma ọ bụ oralism.

Otu isi ihe mgbochi maka uru na mmanye nke ojiji nke MCE bụ ụkpụrụ eji nyochaa ya. Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-ekwu na ụmụaka ntị chiri na-eji MCE eme ihe na-enweta ya dị ka asụsụ mbụ na-enyocha ya dabere na ịgbaso ụdị ntinye aka nke Bekee a na-asụ (ya bụ, a na-enyo enyocha okwu MCE dị ka a ga-asị na a na-ekwu okwu Bekee) karịa nghọta ya dị ka ụdị nkwurịta okwu ma ọ bụ asụsụ. Ọzọkwa, ọtụtụ ọmụmụ nke na-enyocha ikike nke ndị nkuzi ntị chiri na nkwurịta okwu MCE anaghị atụle ókè ụmụ akwụkwọ ntị chiri si ghọta ihe ndị nkuzi ha na-ekwupụta. Ndị nkuzi a kọrọ na ha na-ezere iji okwu Bekee a na-asụ ma ọ bụ ihe owuwu ha na-amaghị otu esi egosipụta na MCE, na-egbochi ojiji asụsụ ha n'ozuzu. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ nnyocha achọpụtala na MCE bụ ihe ndị maara koodu ahụ nwere ike ịghọta, ole na ole agbalịwo ịtụle ma ọ dị mma maka nnweta asụsụ mbụ, nyere ugboro ole morpheme wepụrụ ma ọ bụ ellipsis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Maxwell|first=Madeline M.|date=1990|title=Simultaneous Communication: The State of the Art &amp; Proposals for Change|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/18/article/507082|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=69|issue=1|pages=333–390|doi=10.1353/sls.1990.0019|issn=1533-6263}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime nnyocha nke ụmụaka ntị chiri na-akụzi naanị site na iji MCE, S. Supalla dere na ndị a gosipụtara ihe ọhụrụ (na-enweghị ikpughe ya), ihe ọhụrụ yiri ASL. N'ụzọ doro anya, kama iji MCE morphemes e mere iji akara ikpe, oge, na okike dị ka ha dị na Bekee, ụmụaka ndị a gosipụtara ojiji nke deictic pointing na mgbanwe nke ngwaa, atụmatụ asụsụ abụghị akụkụ nke MCE n'ihi na a na-ewere ha dị ka ndị pụrụ iche na asụsụ ndị aka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Fischer|first=Susan D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=56J2hOxD5yQC&amp;dq=manually+coded+english&amp;pg=PA85|title=Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research, Volume 2: Psychology|date=1991-06-25|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-25152-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ikpeazụ, ụkpụrụ omume nke iji MCE eme ihe bụkwa okwu esemokwu. ASL bụ asụsụ pere mpe na North America. Ọtụtụ ndị ntị chiri bụ ndị nne na nna na-anụ ihe, ha anaghịkwa ekpughe ASL site na nwata. Ọtụtụ ndị toro eto nwere omenala ntị chiri na-ebute nsogbu gbasara njikwa asụsụ otu pere mpe iji manye mmụta asụsụ ọtụtụ n'ime ụmụaka sitere na otu pere mpe ahụ.[1][2] A na-agba ọtụtụ ndị nne na nna na-anụ ihe ume ka ha kpughee nwa ha na MCE kama ASL,[3] nke na-egbu oge ohere nwatakịrị ịnweta asụsụ ogbi ebumpụta ụwa. Na mgbakwunye, igbu oge nghọta na obere ihe ịga nke ọma agụmakwụkwọ nwere ike ịbụ ma ọ bụ mee ka ọ ka njọ site na enweghị ntinye zuru oke ma ọ bụ nghọta nke ndị nkuzi na-eji MCE kama ASL.[4][1]

== Ụdị ==

=== A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ụwa niile ===

==== Ịkpọ mkpịsị aka ====
Fingerspelling na-eji akara dị iche iche maka mkpụrụedemede ọ bụla. Dị ka ọ dị na nsụgharị ederede nke asụsụ a na-asụ, ụfọdụ ihe asụsụ na ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka ụda olu anaghị anọchite anya ya. Ọ bụ ezie na mkpịsị aka abụghị ụdị MCE, kama ọ bụ ihe a gbazitere n'asụsụ ndị ogbi, ọ na-abụkarị 'ebe kọntaktị' mbụ maka onye na-anụ ihe tupu ọ mụta okwu nke asụsụ ndị ogbi. Ndị ntị chiri na-eji mkpịsị aka eme ihe dị ka akụkụ nke asụsụ ndị ntị chiri, maka ụfọdụ aha kwesịrị ekwesị, okwu ndị a gbazitere, maka nkwenye ma ọ bụ ọdịiche nke okwu ndị dị mkpa, ma ọ bụ mgbe onye bịanyere aka ejighị n'aka akara nke okwu a na-ekwu.

A naghị ejikarị mkpịsị aka pụrụ iche eme ihe maka nkwurịta okwu. Ọ ka nwere ego ụfọdụ nwere ike ime na ntọala ụfọdụ ndị ntị chiri (lee akara aka). Mkpịsị aka pụrụ iche nwere ọnọdụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agụmakwụkwọ ndị ntị chiri; na US a maara ya dị ka Usoro Rochester (lee n'okpuru). Ndị agadi ntị chiri na UK na Australia nwekwara ike iji ọtụtụ mkpịsị aka mee ihe karịa ndị ọgbọ ha na-eto eto n'ihi agụmakwụkwọ ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Schembri|first=Adam|date=2007|title=Sociolinguistic Variation in the Use of Fingerspelling in Australian Sign Language: A Pilot Study|journal=Sign Language Studies|volume=7|issue=3|pages=319–347|issn=0302-1475}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rịba ama na mpaghara dị iche iche na-eji mkpụrụ akwụkwọ ntuziaka dị iche iche nọchite anya Bekee - a na-eji usoro aka abụọ eme ihe na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|UK]], [[Ostraliya|Australia]], na [[New Zealand]], a na-ejikwa usoro aka na [[Kánada|Canada]] na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] (lee Mkpụrụ akwụkwọ ASL), [[Ireland]] (lee Asụsụ Ogbi Irish), Singapore na Philippines. A na-eji mkpụrụedemede otu na abụọ eme ihe na South Africa. Mba ndị a na-asụ Bekee enweghịkwa otu asụsụ ndị ogbi. Lee asụsụ ndị ogbi § ọ bụghị okwu dabeere.

==== Ihe ịrịba ama kọntaktị ====
Kama ịbụ ụdị MCE, akara kọntaktị bụ ngwakọta nke Asụsụ Ogbi na Bekee. asụsụ kọntaktị a nwere ike ime n'ebe ọ bụla n'usoro dị n'etiti, site na 'Bekee-dị ka' ruo 'Asụsụ Deaf-dị ka'; ndị na-eme akara si n'asụsụ abụọ a dị iche iche ga-ezute mgbe niile n'etiti. N'ihi ọnọdụ ''akara kọntaktị'' dị ka àkwà mmiri n'etiti asụsụ abụọ dị iche iche, onye ọ bụla na-eji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ dị iche dabere na ihe ọmụma ha banyere Bekee na asụsụ ndị ogbi. Okwu akara kọntaktị anọchiwo aha mbụ pidgin Sign English (PSE) n'ihi na ụdị ntinye aka a anaghị egosi ihe ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-atụ anya na pidgin.

==== Okwu a na-akwado ihe ịrịba ama, ma ọ bụ nkwurịta okwu n'otu oge ====
[[okwu]] na-akwado ihe ịrịba ama (SSS) na-agụnye ikwupụta ihe niile dịka n'asụsụ Bekee, mgbe ị na-etinye aka n'ụdị MCE n'otu oge. A na-eji okwu, syntax na pragmatics nke Bekee, na ntinye aka MCE na-eje ozi dị ka nkwado maka nnata okwu. A na-agbaziri ihe ịrịba ama site na asụsụ ndị ogbi nke obodo ahụ na / ma ọ bụ ihe ịrịbaanya aka nke ndị nkuzi nke ndị ogbi mepụtara.

A na-ejikarị okwu SSS na SimCom eme ihe ugbu a n'otu ihe na nkwurịta okwu zuru oke (TC), ọ bụ ezie na nkà ihe ọmụma mbụ nke TC dị nnọọ iche.

==== Okwu mkparị ====
A naghị akpọkarị okwu a na-akpọ Cued dị ka ụdị MCE, n'akụkụ ụfọdụ n'ihi na ọ naghị eji akara ndị a gbazitere ma ọ bụ ndị e chepụtara echepụta na mgbalị iji nyefee Bekee. Kama nke ahụ, okwu a na-ekwu na-eji &quot;cuems&quot; (ụdị aka asatọ e bu n'uche ịnọchite anya ụdaume na ntinye anọ gburugburu ihu e bu n&quot;uche ịnọchiteanya ụdaume ụdaume, jikọtara ya na mmegharị ọnụ) iji gosipụta ihe ndị na-anụ ihe nke asụsụ a na-egosi n'ụzọ anya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Metzger2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Metzger|first=Melanie|chapter=Cued language: What deaf native cuers perceive of Cued Speech|editor=C. LaSasso, K. Crain and J. Leybaert|title=Cued Speech and cued language for deaf and hard of hearing children|date=2010|location=San Diego, California|pages=53–66}}&lt;/ref&gt; Asụsụ Cued bụ klas pụrụ iche nke nkwurịta okwu anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Metzger1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Metzger|first=Melanie|title=Cued language structure: an analysis of cued American English based on linguistic principles|date=1998|publisher=Calliope Press|location=Silver Spring, Maryland}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gbanwere okwu Cued maka asụsụ na olumba gburugburu ụwa.

=== Na North America ===

==== Ịhụ Ụkpụrụ Mgbasa Ozi Bekee / Morphemic ====
SEE-1 bụ koodu Bekee mbụ nke America, nke David Anthony, onye nkuzi nke ụmụaka ntị chiri na ndị nwere nkwarụ, mepụtara na 1960s na 70s. Anthony chọpụtara ndepụta nke okwu Bekee ndị bụ isi, ihe na-erughị ọkara nke ọ chọpụtara ihe ịrịba ama American Sign Language (ASL), yana ọtụtụ okwu Bekee dịtụ iche nke ASL na-anọchite anya n'otu ụzọ ahụ na &quot;naanị obere&quot; nrụgide na mgbanwe mmegharị. N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere ike iji ọtụtụ akara ASL dị iche iche gosipụta ụfọdụ okwu Bekee. Tụkwasị na nke a, ASL, n'adịghị ka Bekee, bụ asụsụ zero copula, n'ihi ya, ọ nweghị akara okwu kwekọrọ na copulas Bekee dị ka &quot;bụ&quot; na &quot;bụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Luetke-Stahlman|first=Barbara|date=1996|title=A History of Seeing Essential English (SEE I)|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/18/article/382415|journal=American Annals of the Deaf|volume=141|issue=1|pages=29–33|doi=10.1353/aad.2012.0001|pmid=8901351|issn=1543-0375}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na SEE1, a na-emepụta okwu niile dị ka ihe ịrịba ama dị iche iche - kama iji akara ASL maka &quot;ụmụ butterfly&quot;, SEE1 na-etinye ihe ịrịbaanya maka &quot;ụgbụgbọ&quot; na &quot;ụgburu&quot; n'usoro. A na-amalite ọtụtụ ihe ịrịba ama sitere na ASL na SEE1 - akara ASL maka &quot;nwere&quot; na aka B na SEE1.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rosenberg|first=Sheldon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F-iNs9cUFiUC&amp;dq=%22seeing+essential+english%22+butterfly&amp;pg=PA180|title=Advances in Applied Psycholinguistics|date=1987|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-30027-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nielson et al. na-ekwu na SEE-1/MSS bụ nnọchiteanya na-adịghị mma nke Bekee n'ihi na ọ nwere naanị 14 bound morphemes n'ụdị ntinye ya, na-ekwu maka na amụghị ya nke ọma kemgbe afọ 1990, dịka mbipụta akwụkwọ ahụ na 2016, ọ bụ naanị na Amarillo, Texas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nielsen|first=Diane Corcoran|date=2016|title=The English-Language and Reading Achievement of a Cohort of Deaf Students Speaking and Signing Standard English: A Preliminary Study|journal=American Annals of the Deaf|volume=161|issue=3|pages=342–368|doi=10.1353/aad.2016.0026|pmid=27477041|issn=1543-0375}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ịbịanye aka n'asụsụ Bekee (SEE-2/SEE) ====
Signing Exact English (SEE) bụ koodu ntuziaka a na-amụkarị ma na-akụzi maka American English. SEE na-etinye ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke akara ndị a gbazitere na ASL. Ọ bụ [[Gerilee Gustason]], onye nkuzi ntị chiri nke ndị ntị chiri, [[Esther Zawolkow]], onye CODA na onye ntụgharị agụmakwụkwọ, na [[Donna Pfetzing]], nne na nna nke nwatakịrị ntị chiri, mepụtara Signing Exact English (SEE2). &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rendel|first=Kabian|date=2018-11-05|title=Signing Exact English; A Simultaneously Spoken and Signed Communication Option in Deaf Education|url=https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/jehdi/vol3/iss2/5|journal=Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention|volume=3|issue=2|pages=18–29|doi=10.26077/gzdh-rp64|issn=2381-2362}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe Bekee dị iche na ASL (dị ka echiche nwere ọtụtụ okwu yiri ibe ya na Bekee mana naanị otu ma ọ bụ abụọ kwekọrọ na akara ASL) a gbanwere ọdịdị aka nke akara ASL n'ozuzu ya iji gosipụta mkpụrụedemede mbụ nke okwu Bekee a chọrọ. A naghị ahụ ọdịiche yiri ya na ASL (ebe ọtụtụ akara ASL niile na-asụgharị otu okwu Bekee) na SEE. Dịka ọmụmaatụ na ASL, ihe ịrịba ama atọ dị iche iche na-anọchite anya ihe dị iche iche nke Bekee &quot;aka nri&quot; ('ezi', 'nke na-emegide aka ekpe,' na 'ntinye') mana SEE na-eji otu ihe ịrịbaanya. A na-ejikwa mmalite na akara ụtọ asụsụ na SEE2, mana a na-eji okwu ndị nwere akara ASL dịka akara ASL, dịka ọ dị na .&lt;ref name=&quot;Supalla2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Supalla|first=Samuel J.|year=2002|chapter=The Role of Manually Coded English in Language Development of Deaf Children|title=Modality and Structure in Signed and Spoken Languages|editor=Meier|pages=143–166|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==== Asụsụ Bekee (SE) - American ====
Okwu 'Signed English' na-ezo aka na usoro dị mfe karịa SEE1, SEE2, ma ọ bụ LOVE. Asụsụ [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]] (nke a na-akpọkarị Siglish) na-eji Akara ASL n'usoro okwu Bekee, mana naanị akara ụtọ asụsụ 14. Ụzọ a na-ahụkarị nke Signed English na US bụ nke [[Harry Bornstein]] mepụtara, onye rụrụ ọrụ na Gallaudet Signed English Project iji mepụta akwụkwọ ụmụaka edere na akara ngosi na Bekee edere.

Linguistics of Visual English (LOVE) bụ aha nke ndepụta morpheme nke Dennis Wampler bipụtara na 1971. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-edepụta ọtụtụ ụdị ASL na MCE site na iji nkọwa Bekee, a na-eji usoro akara nke William Stokoe mepụtara na-akọwa akụkụ asụsụ nke American Sign Language.

==== N'echiche ziri ezi nke Bekee (CASE) ====
O yiri ka a na-eji CASE eme ihe iji zoo aka na okwu dị iche iche dabere na ihe gbara ya gburugburu na / ma ọ bụ onye edemede. CDC na-akọwa CASE dị ka okwu ọzọ maka Pidgin Signed English, okwu ochie maka ịbịanye aka na kọntaktị, ma were ya dị ka ngwakọta nke ASL na ụdị ndị ọzọ nke MCE.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=CDC|date=2021-06-21|title=Conceptually Accurate Signed English (CASE)|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/parentsguide/building/case.html|accessdate=2024-04-26|work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rendel|first=Kabian|date=2018-11-05|title=Signing Exact English; A Simultaneously Spoken and Signed Communication Option in Deaf Education|url=https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/jehdi/vol3/iss2/5|journal=Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention|volume=3|issue=2|pages=18–29|doi=10.26077/gzdh-rp64|issn=2381-2362}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Usoro Rochester ====
Ikekwe ụdị MCE kacha nso na Bekee edere, usoro Rochester na-agụnye mkpịsị aka na-ede okwu ọ bụla. Ọ bụ [[Zenas Westervelt]] malitere ya na 1878, obere oge ka ọ meghere Western New York Institute for Deaf-Mutes (nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Rochester School for the Deaf). Ojiji nke usoro Rochester gara n'ihu ruo ihe dị ka afọ 1970, ma a ka nwere ndị okenye ntị chiri si n'ógbè Rochester bụ ndị a kụziiri usoro Rochester. Ọ adaala n'ihi na ọ bụ usoro na-agwụ ike ma na-ewe oge iji aka dee ihe niile, ọ bụ ezie na a ka na-eji ya eme ihe na ntọala ụfọdụ ndị ntị chiri (lee akara aka). 

=== Na United Kingdom ===

==== Asụsụ Bekee (SE) - British ====
Signed English (SE) bụ otu ụdị MCE eji eme ihe na Britain ma na-ezo aka n'ịsụ Bekee na ịbịanye aka n'otu oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rowley|first=Katherine|date=2024-11-01|title=Shorter but richer versus longer with less information: linguistic differentiation between British Sign Language and sign supported English|url=https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/multi-2023-0177/html|journal=Multilingua|language=en|volume=43|issue=6|pages=723–750|doi=10.1515/multi-2023-0177|issn=1613-3684}}&lt;/ref&gt; British Signed English na-agbaziri ihe ịrịba ama site na British Sign Language ma jikọta ha na mkpịsị aka iji tinye morphemes ejikọtaghị na BSL dị ka ''-ed'' na ''-ing''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Aldersson|first=Russell|date=2023-01-27|title=Deaf adult learners and their teacher: Knowledge construction and meaning-making through the lens of translanguaging and semiotic repertoires|journal=DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada|volume=39|doi=10.1590/1678-460X202359756|issn=0102-4450}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eji okwu ahụ eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ na Sign-supported English (lee n'okpuru) ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe dị iche.

==== Bekee a na-akwado akara (SSE) ====
A na-eji akara akwado Bekee (SSE) dị iche na Signed English (SE) site n'aka ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta site n'ikwu na SSE anaghị agụnye ọdịdị ntụgharị nke Bekee a na-asụ; kama, a na-etinye aka na &quot;okwu&quot; nke ahịrịokwu mgbe a na-ekwu ahịrịokwu zuru ezu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Aldersson|first=Russell|date=2023-01-27|title=Deaf adult learners and their teacher: Knowledge construction and meaning-making through the lens of translanguaging and semiotic repertoires|journal=DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada|volume=39|doi=10.1590/1678-460X202359756|issn=0102-4450}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Usoro akara nke Paget Gorman ====
Sistemụ Akara Paget Gorman, nke a makwaara dịka Paget Gorman signed speech (PGSS) ma ọ bụ asụsụ ogbi sistemụ Paget Gorman, bụ Sir Richard Paget malitere na Britain n'afọ 1930, Lady Grace Paget na Dr Pierre Gorman mekwara ka e jiri ya mee ihe maka ụmụaka nwere nsogbu ikwu okwu ma ọ bụ nkwurịta okwu, dịka ụmụaka ntị chiri. Ọ bụ usoro akara okwu nke na-egosipụta usoro Bekee nkịtị. Sistemụ ahụ na-eji akara 37 bụ isi na ọnọdụ aka 21 ọkọlọtọ, nke enwere ike ijikọ iji nọchite anya nnukwu okwu nke okwu Bekee, gụnyere njedebe okwu na oge ngwaa. Akara ndị ahụ adabaghị na akara eke nke obodo ndị ntị chiri.

Usoro a gbasara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ntị chiri na UK site na 1960s ruo 1980s, mana kemgbe mmalite nke British Signed Language na BSL-based Signed English na agụmakwụkwọ ndị ntị chiri, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe ugbu a n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ọhịa okwu na nsogbu asụsụ.

=== Ebe Ndị Ọzọ ===

==== Akara Bekee - Australia ====
Ha na-agbaso usoro ụda olu na-enweghị isi karịa usoro ụda olu siri ike nke Cued Speech. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Australian Signed English 'ihe na-adịghị mma' na-anọchite anya na akara ndị pụtara 'un', 'come', 'for', na 'table'. Enwere ike iji akara anya nke sitere na asụsụ ndị ogbi mee ihe iji gosipụta homonyms nke okwu Bekee - dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike iji akara Auslan maka 'ụmụ ahụhụ' (ụmụ ahụhụ) mee ihe na Signed English maka ngwaa (to) 'ụmụ efe'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jeanes|first=Raymond C.|title=Dictionary of Australasian Signs for communication with the deaf|date=1989|publisher=Victoria School for the Deaf|isbn=978-0-9598836-5-7|location=Melbourne}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'Australia, otu kọmitii mepụtara 'Signed English' na ngwụcha afọ 1970, bụ ndị were ihe ịrịba ama site na Auslan (karịsịa asụsụ ndịda), mepụtara ihe ịrịbaanya ọhụrụ, ma gbaziri ọtụtụ ihe ịrịba aka site na American Sign Language nke emeela ugbu a ka ha banye n'iji ya eme ihe kwa ụbọchị na Auslan. A ka na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ. A na-ejikwa Bekee a bịanyere aka na Australia eme ihe na [[New Zealand]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Johnston|first=Trevor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnxDgCvEnJoC&amp;dq=in+Australian+Signed+English+'uncomfortable'+is+represented+in+signs+meaning+'un',+'come',+'for',+and+'table'.&amp;pg=PR11|title=Australian Sign Language (Auslan): An introduction to sign language linguistics|date=2007-01-18|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-45963-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Singapore - SEE2 ====
A na-eji Signing Exact English (SEE2) eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ntị chiri na Singapore, a na-akụzikwara ya dị ka ụdị asụsụ ndị ogbi kachasị mma site na Singapore Association for the Deaf .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sadeaf.org.sg/Sign%20Language.htm|title=Sign Language|work=Singapore Association for the Deaf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302160237/http://www.sadeaf.org.sg/Sign%20Language.htm|archivedate=2 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Asụsụ ndị ogbi eji eme ihe na Singapore, Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi nke Singapore, a na-eche na ọ bụ Asụsụ Ogbi nke Shanghai, Asụsụ Ogbi nke America, na SEE2 metụtara ya.

==== Kenya Akara Bekee ====
Gọọmentị Kenya na-eji Kenya Signed English, ọ bụ ezie na Mahadum Nairobi na-akwado [[Kenyan Sign Language|Asụsụ Ogbi nke Kenya]].

== Hụkwa ==

== Ihe ndekọ na ihe onwunwe ==

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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: silver;&quot; |Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi nke Poland
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| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-subheader&quot; style=&quot;font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: silver;&quot; | &lt;span title=&quot;Polish-language text&quot;&gt;''Polski Język Migowy''&lt;/span&gt;
|- class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.3em;&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; | Onye obodo&amp;nbsp;na
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.3em;&quot; | Poland
|- class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;&quot;&gt; Ndị na-asụ asụsụ obodo&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.3em;&quot; | Site na 40,000 ruo 50,000&amp;nbsp;(2014) &lt;ref name=&quot;e22&quot;&gt;[https://www.ethnologue.com/22/language/pso Polish Sign Language] at ''[[Ethnologue]]'' (22nd ed., 2019) &lt;span style=&quot;position:relative; top: -2px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg|link=Paywall|alt=Closed access icon|14x14px|closed access publication – behind paywall]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
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! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;wrap&quot;&gt;[[Language family|Ezinụlọ asụsụ]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.3em;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; [[Unclassified language|enweghị nhazi]], ikekwe nke [[Language isolate|dịpụrụ adịpụ]]
* '''Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi nke Poland'''
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;color: black; background-color: silver;&quot; | Koodu asụsụ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; | &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;[[ISO 639-3]]&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.3em;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;[[iso639-3:pso|pso]]&lt;/code&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;&quot; | ''[[Glottolog]]''
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;line-height:1.3em;&quot; | &lt;code&gt;[https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/poli1259 poli1259]&lt;/code&gt;
|}
'''Asụsụ ogbi nke Polish''' ( Polish  , '''{{Lang|pl|PJM}}''' ) bụ asụsụ ndị ntị chiri na [[Poland]] . Asụsụ Ogbi Polish na-eji mkpụrụedemede aka pụrụ iche nke e ji aka dee dabere na mkpụrụedemede e ji mee ihe n'Asụsụ Ochie nke French Ogbi, ya mere o yiri ka ọ metụtara Asụsụ Ogbi French . O nwekwara ike inwe ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị na Asụsụ Ogbi Russia na Asụsụ Ogbi German, nke metụtara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Poland n'oge Nkewa, mgbe Russification na Germanization metụtara asụsụ Polish, ma nwee ike ịnwe mgbazinye ego site na asụsụ ogbi ejiri mee ihe na nkewa Austria. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)&quot;&gt;Ntụaka dị mkpa&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Okwu na usoro asụsụ ya dị iche na asụsụ Polish, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ụdị Polish [[Asụsụ e ji aka dee|ejiri aka dee koodu]] nke a maara dị ka {{Lang|pl|[[Signed Polish|System Językowo-Migowy]]}} ( {{Lang|pl|SJM}}, ma ọ bụ Polish e dere ede), nke ndị ntụgharị okwu na-ejikarị eme ihe na telivishọn na ndị nkuzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.

Asụsụ ogbi nke Polish malitere na nke mbụ na 1817. N'ihe dị ka n'oge ahụ, [[:pl:Jakub Falkowski|Jakub Falkowski]] malitere Instytut Głuchoniemych (Institute for the Deaf-Mute), bụ onye malitere ịkụziri ụmụaka ndị ogbi mgbe ọ zutere otu nwoke ntị chiri aha ya bụ Piotr Gąsowski. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://instytut-gluchoniemych.waw.pl/historia/|title=&lt;span lang=&quot;pl&quot;&gt;Historia Instytutu Głuchoniemych: szkoły dla niesłyszących&lt;/span&gt;|work=Instytut Głuchoniemych|accessdate=2020-08-21|archivedate=2020-10-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008083115/http://instytut-gluchoniemych.waw.pl/historia/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1879, Józef Hollak na Teofil Jagodziński bipụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu mbụ ya, nke akpọrọ &quot; Słownik mimiczny dla głuchoniemych i osób &lt;span lang=&quot;pl&quot;&gt;z nimi styczność&lt;/span&gt; mających &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26984269|title=Grammar of Polish Sign Language as Compared to Grammar of Polish Language: Selected Themes|first=Wiktor|author=Eźlakowski|date=Spring 2020|journal=[[Sign Language Studies]]|volume=20|issue=3|pages=518–532|doi=10.1353/sls.2020.0011|accessdate=12 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; (&quot;The Mimic Dictionary for the Personm-Having&quot;).

Na 2012, n'okpuru &quot;Iwu Asụsụ Ogbi&quot;, asụsụ ahụ nwetara ọkwa gọọmentị na Poland ma ndị chọrọ ya nwere ike ịhọrọ ya dị ka asụsụ nkuzi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.biuletyn.agh.edu.pl/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=839:29&amp;catid=97:marzec-2012-nr-51|title=&lt;span lang=&quot;pl&quot;&gt;Ustawa o języku migowym wchodzi w życie!&lt;/span&gt;|author=AGH|date=2012-03-23|publisher=agh.edu.pl|accessdate=2018-05-27|language=Polish|archivedate=2018-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528134305/http://www.biuletyn.agh.edu.pl/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=839:29&amp;catid=97:marzec-2012-nr-51}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Faịlụ:Alfaber_języka_migowego.png|thumb|Mkpụrụedemede asụsụ ogbi nke nwa akwụkwọ nke Institute for the Deaf (IGN) sere ma Prince Henryk Lubomirski bipụtara (narị afọ nke 19)]]
Aha mbụ e kwuru maka Asụsụ Ogbi nke Polish pụtara n'afọ iri nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 19. Na 1817, Fada Jakub Falkowski hiwere Institute for the Deaf and Blind ( ''Instytut Głuchoniemych i Ociemniałych'' ) n'Obí Casimir dị na Warsaw. Nke a mere ka o kwe omume ịkụziri ndị ntị chiri ihe n'asụsụ ha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=O PJM|url=http://www.plm.uw.edu.pl/pl/node/237|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420150714/http://www.plm.uw.edu.pl/pl/node/237|archivedate=20 April 2017|accessdate=10 October 2025|work=plm.uw.edu.pl}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara bufee Institute for the Deaf na Three Crosses Square ( ''Plac Trzech Krzyży'' ), ebe ọ ka na-arụ ọrụ taa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=16 May 2016|title=Zaczęli rozmawiać prawie 200 lat temu...|url=https://naukawpolsce.pl/aktualnosci/news%2C409689%2Czaczeli-rozmawiac-prawie-200-lat-temu.html|accessdate=10 October 2025|work=naukawpolsce.pl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E tinyere ihe ndị a chọpụtara na nyocha mbụ nke asụsụ ndị ntị chiri na Poland—n'oge ahụ a na-akpọbeghị Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi Polish—n'akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu mbụ nke asụsụ ndị ogbi, nke e bipụtara na 1879 ( ''J. Hollak, T. Jagodziński, &quot;Mimic Dictionary for the Deaf and those in Contact Them&quot;'', Warsaw, 1879). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Stan badań nad Polskim Językiem Migowym|publisher=Polski Związek Głuchych Oddział Łódzki|year=2008|isbn=978-83-920424-8-8|editor=Trwadowska}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi Polish na-eji mkpụrụedemede aka otu aka nke sitere na Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi French Ochie, nke na-eme ka o yie ka ọ metụtara Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi French. Ọ nwekwara ike ịkekọrịta atụmatụ na Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi Russian na German, nke jikọtara ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme Poland n'oge nkewa, mgbe nhazi na asụsụ German metụtara asụsụ Polish nke ukwuu. O nwekwara ike ịnwe mgbazinye sitere na asụsụ ndị ogbi ejiri mee ihe na nkewa Austria. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 January 2016|title=PJM w pigułce|url=http://poradnik.oswg-wawa.edu.pl/2016/01/15/pjm-w-pigulce/|accessdate=10 October 2025|work=poradnik.oswg-wawa.edu.pl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruo ihe karịrị afọ 100—site n'etiti narị afọ nke 19 ruo etiti afọ 1980—ozizi ndị na-ekwu okwu na-achịkwa agụmakwụkwọ ndị ntị chiri. Dịka ụzọ a si dị, a tụrụ anya ka ndị ntị chiri mụta ịgụ ihe n'egbugbere ọnụ. A machibidoro ịsụ aka, n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, e nwekwara ikpe nke ijide aka ụmụ akwụkwọ iji gbochie ha ịbịanye aka. [ a ] N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ ndị ntị chiri kwenyere na a na-emebi asụsụ ndị ogbi site n'ịnụ ka ndị mmadụ na-agbalị ịmanye echiche nke ha na nkwurịta okwu ndị ntị chiri. 

Na 1984, Wacław Kur, onye ọrụ gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ na agụmakwụkwọ ndị ntị chiri na Ministri nke Mmụta, gara Stockholm, ebe ọ hụrụ ka a na-akụzi ihe n'asụsụ ndị ogbi na nsonaazụ ya ka mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere ịgụ egbugbere ọnụ. Mgbe ọ lọtara, o kwere ka e jiri [[Usoro Asụsụ Ogbi|Sistemụ Asụsụ Akara Aka]] ( ''usoro językowo-migowy'' ) kụziere ụmụ akwụkwọ ntị chiri okwu. A malitekwara ịzụ ndị nkuzi na sistemụ a. Agbanyeghị, e webatara Asụsụ Ogbi nke Polish (PJM) n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. N'ihi ya, e webatara usoro nkwukọrịta arụrụ arụ nke jikọtara ihe nrịbama na Polish ejiri aka dee n'ime obodo ndị ntị chiri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dunaj|first=Magdalena|title=Głuchy-Świat. Głuchota w perspektywie antropologii zaangażowanej|publisher=Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydział Filozoficzno-Historyczny|year=2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nwebeghị usoro ọmụmụ gọọmentị maka ịkụzi Asụsụ Ogbi nke Polish, ọ dịghịkwa ụkpụrụ maka ndị nkuzi PJM, nke pụtara na ụmụ akwụkwọ ntị chiri enweghị ike ịmụta ma ọ bụ zụlite nkà n'asụsụ ebumpụta ụwa ha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Czajkowska-Kisil|first=Małgorzata|title=Sytuacja osób głuchych w Polsce|year=2014|editor=Świdziński|chapter=Edukacja głuchych w Polsce}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmalite nke agụmakwụkwọ ntụgharị asụsụ ogbi ọkachamara pụtara naanị na 2008 na Mahadum Warsaw . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Świdziński|first=Marek|title=Sytuacja osób głuchych w Polsce|year=2014|editor=Świdziński|chapter=Wprowadzenia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Michael Farris, ọkachamara n'asụsụ na Institute of Linguistics nke Mahadum Adam Mickiewicz dị na Poznań, webatara okwu ahụ bụ́ &quot;Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi Polish&quot; ( ''polski język migowy, PJM'' ), onye ji ya mee ihe n'akwụkwọ ya nke 1994 ''bụ́ Nnyocha Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi na Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi Polish'' ( ''Lingua Posnaniensis'', 1994, Nke 36). [ 12 ] Ruo afọ 1990, e mebeghị nnyocha sayensị ọ bụla na Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi Polish.

Ụlọ nyocha asụsụ ndị ogbi (PLM) na ngalaba mmụta Polish, Mahadum Warsaw, bụ otu n'ime ebe nchekwa data anọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa maka nyocha asụsụ ndị ogbi—tinyere nke asụsụ ndị ogbi nke Australia, German, na nke Britain. 

By March 2014, PLM had identified 6,610 lexemes in PJM, appearing in a corpus of more than 200,000 uses. Based on this material, the Corpus Dictionary of Polish Sign Language was created, presenting the polysemy (multiple meanings) of signs and their usage in specific contexts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bernaś|first=Tomasz|title=Badania nad polskim językiem migowym na tle innych języków migowych|publisher=Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Filologiczny|year=2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; The laboratory, in cooperation with the Ministry of National Education, is also preparing textbooks for learning sign language.

Maka ndị ntị chiri bụ́ ndị na-eji Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi nke Poland eme ihe dị ka asụsụ ala nna ha, asụsụ Polish a na-asụ bụ asụsụ mba ọzọ ha na-amụta naanị ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere ike ide ihe na Polish, ha na-emekarị mmejọ n'asụsụ nke ndị mba ọzọ na-eme. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wilimborek|first=Bartosz|title=Nauczanie Głuchych języka polskiego jako obcego|url=https://jows.pl/artykuly/nauczanie-gluchych-jezyka-polskiego-jako-obcego|accessdate=10 October 2025|work=jows.pl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụfọdụ ndị ntị chiri enweghị ike ịmụta asụsụ Polish ma ọlị. Taa, ụfọdụ ndị na-ewere ịchọ ka ndị ntị chiri jiri ụzọ ọnụ (ikwu okwu na ịgụ egbugbere ọnụ) mee ihe ike, nke ebumnuche ya bụ ibibi omenala ha, nke yiri njikọta nke ndị obere ụmụ amaala na Kanada. 

== Nhazi ụtọasụsụ ==
 
Ruo ogologo oge na Poland, a na-ewere asụsụ ndị ogbi dị ka ihe ochie ma chee na ha enweghị ụtọasụsụ. N'eziokwu, PJM, dịka asụsụ ndị ogbi ndị ọzọ, na-emepụta usoro nwere usoro ụtọasụsụ nke ya, nke dị iche na nke Polish. N'adịghị ka nkwenye ọtụtụ mmadụ, o kwere omume ịkọwa echiche dị mgbagwoju anya n'isiokwu ọ bụla a maara nke ọma ịnụ ka ndị mmadụ na-eji asụsụ ndị ogbi eme ihe. 

=== Ngụkọta ụdaolu ===
Na PJM, enweghị ụda nke yiri fonme; kama, e nwere ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya nke ihe ndị a. Ya mere, mmadụ nwere ike ikwu maka fonme PJM dị ka ihe nnọchianya nkịtị nke ngwugwu nke njirimara pụrụ iche.

Agbanyeghị, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta  na-arụ ụka na ọ bụghị ihe ziri ezi ikwu maka fonome na PJM, kama ọ bụ ihe pụrụ iche (diacritics) nke na-esonye kpọmkwem na nhazi nke morphemes. Ya mere, ọ ga-abụ ụdị fonome diacritic, ọ bụghị fonome dabere na fonome.

=== Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ọdịdị ===
PJM nwere ọdịdị dị mma, nke gụnyere ma mgbanwe na mmepụta. Ọ nwere usoro nyocha yana usoro mmepụta ihe.

Ụdị ntụgharị ya dị nnọọ iche na nke Polish:

* enweghị okwu gbasara asụsụ,
* A na-emepe ụdị onye nnọchiteanya ahụ nke ọma.

Ụdị mgbanwe pụrụ iche na PJM gụnyere:

* ụdị onye ihe ahụ,
* ụdị ntinye aka-nkewapụ,
* ngalaba klas ahụ.

Ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara n'asụsụ  na-arụ ụka na ekwesighi iwere &quot;klas&quot; ahụ dị ka ụdị mgbanwe dị iche, kama dị ka akụkụ pụrụ iche nke okwu - nhazi (a ghọtara ya n'ụzọ dị iche, karịa nhazi n'asụsụ ndị a na-asụ).

=== Usoro okwu ===
N'ahịrịokwu ndị dị ogologo, PJM na-agbaso usoro okwu SVO (Isiokwu-Verb-Object), yana ihe ndozi na njedebe. N'ahịrịokwu ndị dị mkpụmkpụ, usoro SOV (Isiokwu-Object-Verb) na-apụtakwa.

A na-egosipụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ahịrịokwu dị n'ahịrịokwu dị mgbagwoju anya site na mimetic morphemes pụrụ iche (ngosipụta ihu ma ọ bụ ahụ nwere ihe ọ pụtara na ụtọasụsụ).

=== Atụmatụ ndị na-abụghị aka ===
Ihe ndị na-abụghị aka na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nkwurịta okwu PJM - karịsịa ọnọdụ na mmegharị nke ahụ na isi (ntụgharị, ntụgharị) na ọdịdị ihu.

Ojiji nke ihe ndị a bụ nke a na-eji eme ihe n'ụdị asụsụ—ya bụ, ọ bụ nke usoro asụsụ ahụ n'onwe ya, ọ bụghị naanị maka ngosipụta onwe onye.

=== N'otu oge / Nchikota ===
Ihe isi ike dị n'ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụdaume (phonology), ọdịdị, na nhazi okwu (morphology), na-ebilite n'ụdị dị iche iche nke usoro nkwurịta okwu ya ma e jiri ya tụnyere asụsụ ndị a na-asụ.

N'ihi nnwere onwe ọrụ nke ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'akụkụ — dịka aka ekpe, aka nri, na ihu — o kwere omume ịmepụta ọtụtụ akara ngosi n'otu oge. N'ọtụtụ oge, otu esi ejikọta akara ndị a na-adabere kpamkpam site na iwu asụsụ.

== Nnyocha sayensị na Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi nke Poland ==
[[Faịlụ:2017_Woodstock_022_Język_migowy.jpg|thumb|Onye ntụgharị asụsụ ndị ogbi nke ndị Poland na ụlọ ntu ASP (Academy of Fineest Arts) na Przystanek Woodstock n'afọ 2017]]
Nnyocha sayensị gbasara Asụsụ Ogbi Polish (PJM) malitere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na-enwe nnukwu oge ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọmụmụ asụsụ ogbi na mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ. Michael A. Farris (Mahadum Adam Mickiewicz dị na Poznań) webatara okwu ahụ bụ &quot;Asụsụ Ogbi Polish&quot; ( ''Polski Język Migowy'' ) na mkpọbiri ya PJM n'ime nnyocha asụsụ na 1994 n'akwụkwọ asụsụ mbụ e tinyere n'asụsụ a. Kemgbe ahụ, Farris na ndị otu nyocha e guzobere n'ọkara nke abụọ nke afọ 1990, nke Marek Świdziński na Mahadum Warsaw duziri. Ọrụ niile ebipụtara ruo ugbu a na-enye naanị nkọwa nke usoro ụtọasụsụ nke PJM.

E dere ihe ole na ole e bipụtara tupu afọ 1994, nke kwuru na ọ bụ sayensị ma tinyekwa &quot;Asụsụ Ndị Ogbi Polish&quot; n'aha ha, n'eziokwu, gbasara Sistemụ Asụsụ Akpọtụrụ Aka ( ''usoro językowo-migowy'' ) — ọkachasị ọrụ Bogdan Szczepankowski na Jacek Perlin. A nabatara PJM dị ka isiokwu nyocha naanị n'etiti afọ 1990.

Na Mahadum Warsaw, Ngalaba Ọmụmụ Ihe Ndị Poland na-enye mmemme nzere masta na Philology Asụsụ Ogbi nke Polish ( ''Filologia Polskiego Języka Migowego'' ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zakład Językoznawstwa Ogólnego i Migowego|url=http://fpjm.uw.edu.pl|accessdate=10 October 2025|work=fpjm.uw.edu.pl}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ naanị mmemme agụmakwụkwọ na Poland na-enye agụmakwụkwọ n'ọhịa a ma na-enyere ụmụ akwụkwọ aka inweta asambodo asụsụ C1 dịka Usoro Nhazi nke European Common European maka Asụsụ (CEFR) si dị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Filologia polskiego języka migowego|url=http://arch.polon.uw.edu.pl/fjpm|accessdate=10 October 2025|work=arch.polon.uw.edu.pl|archivedate=9 November 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109172627/http://arch.polon.uw.edu.pl/fjpm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Akwụkwọ mmụta ==

* Piotr Fabian na Jarosław Francik. &quot;Njikọ na ngosipụta nke mmegharị asụsụ ogbi nke Polish.&quot; 1st International Conf. na Mgbakọ na mwepụ na usoro ihe ọmụma na mahadum. 2001.
* Farris, MA Nnyocha asụsụ ogbi na asụsụ ndị ogbi nke ndị Poland. ''Lingua Posnaniensis'' 36 (1994): 13–36.
* Mariusz Oszust na Marian Wysocki. Nghọta okwu asụsụ ndị ogbi nke Polish na Kinect. Mmekọrịta Sistemụ Mmadụ (HSI), 2013 Nzukọ Mba Nile nke 6 na. IEEE, 2013.
* Włodarczak, Aleksandra, Agnieszka Kossowska, na Małgorzata Haładewiczygrzelak. &quot;Ịghọta Mgbazinye ego site na Polish nkịtị gaa na Asụsụ Ogbi Polish.&quot; ''Nkwurịta okwu dị ka Usoro Ndụ'', Mpịakọta nke Abụọ: ''Usoro zuru oke na Sayensị Asụsụ'' (2019): 73ff. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* (in Polish) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080409125547/http://lo13.univ.szczecin.pl/sosw/polski/palcowka/palcowka.htm Polish manual alphabet]
** (image [https://web.archive.org/web/20030514081311/http://lo13.univ.szczecin.pl:80/sosw/polski/palcowka/pictures/120dpi.gif here])
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060203213752/http://www.pzg.org.pl/zgpzg/zgpzg_about.htm Polish Association of the Deaf] official website
* (in Polish) [https://web.archive.org/web/20051221115233/http://www.pzg.org.pl/sc/sc_historia_ig.asp History of Polish Sign Language]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;Jamila Mohammed Dahiru&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụmụ amaala
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |Naịjirịa
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mmụta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Ahmadu Bello University|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ọrụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data role&quot; |Onye na-agụ akwụkwọ
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! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;Ọrụ a ma ama&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Onye bụbu Kọmishọna nke Mmụta Bauchi State
|}
'''Jamila Mohammed Dahiru''' bu onye nkuzi Naijiria. Ọ bụbu kọmishọna na-ahụ maka mịnịstrị na-ahụ maka mmụta na steeti Bauchi. Ọ bụ Bala Mohammed họpụtara ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Haruspice|first=Abdullahi O. Haruna|date=2023-02-24|title=Jamila Mohammed Dahiru, The Bauchi Lady Who Wants To Have Every Child In School|url=https://leadership.ng/jamila-mohammed-dahiru-the-bauchi-lady-who-wants-to-have-every-child-in-school/|accessdate=2025-10-22|work=leadership.ng|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mbido  na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Jamila Mohammed Dahiru gara Mahadum Bayero  Kano na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelor na master's na nzikọrịta ozi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-05-03|title=Press Freedom: Tech Should Enhance, Not Erode – Dr. Jamila Dahiru|url=https://globalnews.com.ng/2025/05/03/press-freedom-tech-should-enhance-not-erode-dr-jamila-dahiru/|accessdate=2025-10-22|language=en-US|work=globalnews.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara asambodo n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ, wee gaa ọmụmụ ihe na onye isi na njikwa na London.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Dahiru malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye nkuzi na Nunu International School Kaduna, na dị ka onye nkụzi na Ngalaba Mass Communication, Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, tupu a họpụta ya dị ka kọmishọna na Bauchi State. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na Mahadum Abuja ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jamila Mohammed Dahiru|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vVuiv9oAAAAJ&amp;hl=en|accessdate=2025-10-22|work=scholar.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Oyinkansola Fawehinmi</title>
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'''Oyinkansola &quot;foza&quot; Fawehinmi''' bụ onye ọka iwu ntụrụndụ Naijiria nke a makwaara dị ka Foza nke bụ aha mkpirisi nke aha ya Fawehinmi, Oyinkansole, Zaeedat, Adesola. A mụrụ ya na Lagos na Maazị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Enenaite|first=Blessing|date=2023-02-11|title=My father's death influenced my book — Fawehinmi|url=https://punchng.com/my-fathers-death-influenced-my-book-fawehinmi/|accessdate=2024-06-02|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Oriakụ Fawehinmi na Febụwarị 16, 1993.

== Ọrụ ==
Foza malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye njikwa ụzọ na Monarc Entertainment, ebe ọ na-elekọta usoro mgbasa ozi maka abọm izizi nke Burna Boy, &quot;L.I.F.E&quot;. Ọ na-ahazi nhazi njem Chee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kunle|first=Daramola|date=April 9, 2022|title=Interview: Creatives need legal backing to thrive, says Oyinkansola Fawehinmi|url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/interview-creatives-need-legal-backing-to-thrive-says-oyinkansola-fawehinmi/|accessdate=May 9, 2022|work=thecable.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara kwaga Incubation Factory, na mbụ dịka onyeisi azụmaahịa na onye isi mmepụta album, wee mechaa bụrụ onye njikwa izugbe.

Ya na ndị na-ese ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka [[Timaya]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bailey|first=Bunmi|date=2022-09-23|title='Intellectual property protection is an excellent opportunity for Nigerian creatives'|url=https://businessday.ng/interview/article/intellectual-property-protection-is-an-excellent-opportunity-for-nigerian-creatives/|accessdate=2024-06-02|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; GoodGirl LA, Boomplay Music, Music Time! , ColdPlay, Warner Music, na [[Teni (singer)|Teni]] the Entertainer.

Foza bụ onye guzobere Technolawgical Partners, na-anọchite anya ndị ahịa na mgbasa ozi, cyber, na ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Udugba|first=Anthony|date=2023-03-06|title=Nigeria's copyright laws are outdated – Oyinkansola Fawehinmi -|url=https://businessday.ng/interview/article/nigerias-copyright-laws-are-outdated-oyinkansola-fawehinmi/|accessdate=2024-06-02|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; gụnyere The Sarz Academy, Odunlade Adekola, Timaya, Linda Ikeji Blog, na Incubation Factory Entertainment Limited. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye mmekọ njikwa site na 2014 ruo 2020.

Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Digital Music Commerce and Exchange Limited, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nyocha IP, njikwa katalọgụ, na nchịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-20|title=How Sexism Is Destroying The Music Industry - Popular Entertainment Lawyer Writes|url=https://tvcentertainment.tv/2023/04/how-sexism-is-destroying-the-music-industry-popular-entertainment-lawyer-writes/|accessdate=2024-06-02|work=Pure Entertainment|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602214200/https://tvcentertainment.tv/2023/04/how-sexism-is-destroying-the-music-industry-popular-entertainment-lawyer-writes/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Foza so guzobe [[Greenlight Music Publishing]], otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta egwu mbụ nke Naijiria, na-ekwu maka ikike egwu na mba ahụ. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Zaeda Oracle Limited.

== Mmekọrịta Nzukọ ==
N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2020, Foza sonyere dị ka onye nhazi maka MTN Business of the Arts Series. Omume nke MTN Foundation malitere na mmekorita ya na Musical Society of Nigeria, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oluwatoye|first=Dara|date=2020-08-28|title=Oyinkansola Fawehinmi Set To Moderate The MTN Business of the Arts Series|url=https://thenet.ng/oyinkansola-fawehinmi-set-to-moderate-the-mtn-business-of-the-arts-series/|accessdate=2024-06-02|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; iji kụziere ndị ọkà mmụta egwu banyere mgbagwoju anya nke ụlọ ọrụ egwu, nka, ọdịbendị, ndị mmadụ, na nke kachasị mkpa, azụmahịa.

Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ekwu okwu maka nzukọ nke Jenụwarị 9th Collective (J9C). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Taiwo|first=Adebulu|date=January 8, 2021|title=Oyinkansola Fawehinmi, Deji Ogunsakin to speak at J9C lecture on nation building|url=https://www.thecable.ng/oyinkansola-fawehinmi-deji-ogunsakin-to-speak-at-j9c-lecture-on-nation-building/|accessdate=January 8, 2021|work=www.thecable.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; J9C bụ otu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na omenala nke na-akụzi okwu ihu ọha kwa afọ. Ndị ọzọ so na mkparịta ụka ahụ bụ Onyeisi Ebe etiti nke CIAPS, Lagos, Prọfesọ Anthony Kika; na onye edemede na onye mbipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ The Cable Newspaper, Maazị Simon Kolawole.

Ọ gosipụtara na nzukọ AfricaNXT n'akụkụ ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ ndị ọzọ &lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;111&quot; href=&quot;./MTV&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;MTV&quot;&gt;MTV Base advocate institutional partnerships to sustain Afrobeats' growth&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://businessday.ng/arts-and-life/article/paramount-mtv-base-advocate-institutional-partnerships-to-sustain-afrobeats-growth/&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;access-date&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;2024-06-02&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;website&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;Businessday&lt;/nowiki&gt; NG&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;language&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;en-US&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwxg\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt27\&quot; class=\&quot;citation web cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;CITEREFObinna2023\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;Obinna, Emelike (2023-02-17). &lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://businessday.ng/arts-and-life/article/paramount-mtv-base-advocate-institutional-partnerships-to-sustain-afrobeats-growth/\&quot; id=\&quot;mwxw\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Paramount, MTV Base advocate institutional partnerships to sustain Afrobeats' growth\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=\&quot;mwyA\&quot;&gt;Businessday NG&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;reference-accessdate\&quot; id=\&quot;mwyQ\&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=\&quot;nowrap\&quot; id=\&quot;mwyg\&quot;&gt;2024-06-02&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-8&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Oyinkansola_Fawehinmi#cite_note-8 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; dị ka [[Seun Fakorede]], Kọmishọna maka Ndị Ntorobịa na Egwuregwu, Oyo State. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị otu MTV  Base Musicology 2022 nke akpọrọ: The Art of Performance: Balancing Expectations and Obligations.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oluwatoye|first=Dara|date=2020-08-28|title=Oyinkansola Fawehinmi Set To Moderate The MTN Business of the Arts Series|url=https://thenet.ng/oyinkansola-fawehinmi-set-to-moderate-the-mtn-business-of-the-arts-series/|accessdate=2024-06-02|work=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ncheta ==
N'afọ 2023, Foza bipụtara akwụkwọ ncheta ya nke akpọrọ &quot;So Far So Foza,&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-03-01|title=Fawehinmi calls out sexism in music industry, releases memoir, So Far So Foza|url=https://guardian.ng/art/fawehinmi-calls-out-sexism-in-music-industry-releases-memoir-so-far-so-foza/|accessdate=2024-06-02|work=The Guardian Nigeria News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkọwa gbasara njem ya site na nwata ruo ihe ndị ọ rụzuru n'ọrụ ya. Akwụkwọ a, nke Zmirage Publishing bipụtara, na-enye nghọta banyere ndụ ya na ọrụ ya.

== Onyinye na ndị otu ==

* Ọkaiwu nke Afọ, The Future Africa Awards, 2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Eva|author=Johnson|date=1 June 2024|title=MTV Base's Musicology returns Oct 13 with fiery debate on art of live performance|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/mtv-bases-musicology-returns-oct-13-with-fiery-debate-on-art-of-live-performance/#google_vignette|work=vanguardngr.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye ọka iwu na-eto eto nke Afọ, Esq Awards, 2022 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stephen|first=Kenechi|date=February 2, 2023|title=Music lawyer Foza to release book on 'industry blacklist' culture|url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/music-lawyer-foza-to-release-book-on-industry-blacklist-culture/|work=lifestyle.thecable.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Top 50 Music Executives, Turntable Power List, 2021/22 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-24|title=So Far So Foza: Fawehinmi calls out sexism in music industry, releases memoir - New Telegraph|url=https://newtelegraphng.com/so-far-so-foza-fawehinmi-calls-out-sexism-in-music-industry-releases-memoir/,%20https://newtelegraphng.com/so-far-so-foza-fawehinmi-calls-out-sexism-in-music-industry-releases-memoir/|accessdate=2024-06-02|work=newtelegraphng.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye otu ndụmọdụ, Audio Girl Africa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ejike|first=Ewere|date=September 7, 2022|title=Why artists don't refund show promoters, by Fozadoza|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/why-artists-dont-refund-show-promoters-by-fozadoza/|accessdate=September 7, 2022|work=thenationonlineng.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye isi oche ihe omume, Women in Music Nigeria.

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://radrafrica.com/foza-fawehinmi/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ RADR Africa].
* https://rhbooks.com.ng/product/so-far-so-foza/ Roven Heights Website
* [https://technolawgicalpartner.com/our-professionals/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Technolawgical Partner]
* [https://www.herox.com/crowdsourcing-community/sipasiolalekanayodele-13040/activities Herox]
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Olayemi Oyebanji</title>
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'''Olayemi Olajumoke Abiodun Oyebanji''' bụ prọfesọ Naijiria, onye nkuzi na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nke [[Ȯra Ekiti|Ekiti Steeti]] ugbu a kemgbe 2023 dị ka nwunye gọvanọ, [[Biodun Oyebanji]].

== Akụkọ ndụ ya ==
Ọ si Ado-Ewi na Ado-Ekiti Local Government Area nke Ekiti State.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ado&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/god-prepared-me-to-become-first-lady-ekiti-govs-wife-olayemi-oyebanji/|title=God prepared me to become First Lady, Ekiti governor's wife Olayemi Oyebanji|work=Punchng.com|date=5 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gara Mahadum Ibadan, ebe ọ zutere di ya wee gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere na Education Management mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ laghachiri na Mahadum nke Ibadan iji kụzie dị ka onye nkuzi. Ọ mechara nweta kwa Ph.D na Educational Management.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ado&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lecturer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/09/dr-olayemi-oyebanji-a-first-lady-properly-so-called/|title=Dr Olayemi Oyebanji: A First Lady properly so-called|work=Vanguard Nigeria|date=18 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ui.edu.ng/news/my-family-has-long-history-ui-says-ekiti-state-governor|title=My family has a long history with UI,  says Ekiti State governor|accessdate=25 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ ghọrọ First Lady mgbe e mere di ya ka ọ bụrụ gọvanọ nke [[Ekiti State|Ekiti Steeti]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cw0qq78v82ro|title=E﻿kiti State don officially swear in Biodun Oyebanji as Governor|work=[[BBC Pidgin]]|date=16 October 2022|language=pcm}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cw0qq78v82ro &quot;E﻿kiti State don officially swear in Biodun Oyebanji as Governor&quot;]. ''[[BBC Pidgin]]'' (in Nigerian Pidgin). 16 October 2022.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)|pcm]]&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2024, ọ malitere ọrụ akpọrọ Widows, Aged, Orphans and the Homeless (WAOH) na Ekiti State, na &quot;Àdìre Èkìtì&quot; iji kwalite mmepụta nke ákwà [[:en:Adire (textile art)|Adire]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.waohfoundation.org/blog_details.php?a=ekiti-first-lady-launches-widow-screening-for-empowerment-project|title=Ekiti First Lady launches widow screening for empowerment project|date=30 May 2024|work=[https://www.waohfoundation.org WAOH Foundation]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.waohfoundation.org/blog_details.php?a=ekiti-first-lady-launches-widow-screening-for-empowerment-project &quot;Ekiti First Lady launches widow screening for empowerment project&quot;]. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20250710081921/http://waohfoundation.org/ WAOH Foundation]''. 30 May 2024.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Templeeti:Cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;External link in &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#x7C;work=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ([[Help:CS1 errors#param has ext link|help]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 errors: external links]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/27899|title=Oyebanji's wife launches Àdìre Èkìtì Hub as 200 youths commence training|work=Ekiti State Government|date=4 March 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/27899 &quot;Oyebanji's wife launches Àdìre Èkìtì Hub as 200 youths commence training&quot;]. ''Ekiti State Government''. 4 March 2024.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị nke kwuru maka mkpa ụmụ nwanyị dị, na-akwado Ahụike ụmụ nwanyị maka ndị nne na inye ara naanị na ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi maka ụmụ ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ekitipodium.com/2026/03/18/empower-women-build-a-stronger-nigeria-oyebanjis-wife/|title=Empower women, build a stronger Nigeria - Oyebanji's wife|date=18 March 2026|work=Ekiti Podium|accessdate=26 March 2026|archivedate=14 April 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260414125655/https://ekitipodium.com/2026/03/18/empower-women-build-a-stronger-nigeria-oyebanjis-wife/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. ''Ekiti Podium''. 18 March 2026.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/ekiti-govs-wife-awards-50-orphans-scholarship-provides-school-supplies/|title=Ekiti gov's wife awards 50 orphans scholarship, provides school supplies|date=15 January 2025|work=The Punch}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://punchng.com/ekiti-govs-wife-awards-50-orphans-scholarship-provides-school-supplies/ &quot;Ekiti gov's wife awards 50 orphans scholarship, provides school supplies&quot;]. ''The Punch''. 15 January 2025.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.stateofthestates.ng/2026/01/03/ekiti-first-lady-beats-drum-for-breastfeeding-immunisation-to-save-newborns/|title=Ekiti First Lady beats drum for Breastfeeding, Immunisation to save newborns|work=State of the States|date=3 January 2026|accessdate=26 March 2026|archivedate=10 April 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260410084605/https://www.stateofthestates.ng/2026/01/03/ekiti-first-lady-beats-drum-for-breastfeeding-immunisation-to-save-newborns/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. ''State of the States''. 3 January 2026.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/oyebanjis-wife-canvasses-exclusive-breastfeeding-immunisation/|title=Oyebanji's wife canvasses exclusive breastfeeding, immunization|work=Punch Newspapers|date=14 December 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://punchng.com/oyebanjis-wife-canvasses-exclusive-breastfeeding-immunisation/ &quot;Oyebanji's wife canvasses exclusive breastfeeding, immunization&quot;]. ''Punch Newspapers''. 14 December 2024.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka nwanyị mbụ, ọ kwadoro mmepe obodo na Ekiti Steeti site na onyinye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://newsanchorng.com/2025/03/12/oyebanji-donates-school-bus-to-school-in-ekiti-harps-on-maintenance-culture/|title=Oyebanji donates school bus to school in Ekiti, harps on maintenance culture|date=12 March 2025|work=City News}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://newsanchorng.com/2025/03/12/oyebanji-donates-school-bus-to-school-in-ekiti-harps-on-maintenance-culture/ &quot;Oyebanji donates school bus to school in Ekiti, harps on maintenance culture&quot;]. ''City News''. 12 March 2025.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/26159|title=Ekiti First Lady restates Ekiti Government's commitment to sports development|work=Ekiti State Government|date=29 June 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/26159 &quot;Ekiti First Lady restates Ekiti Government's commitment to sports development&quot;]. ''Ekiti State Government''. 29 June 2023.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye nkuzi dị elu ugbu a na Mahadum Ibadan.&lt;ref name=&quot;lecturer&quot;/&gt;

==Ntụaka==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sarah Kassi</title>
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'''Sarah Kassi''' (amụrụ na Septemba 9, 2003) bụ ọkachamara [[:en:Footballer|n'ịgba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba bọọlụ dịka [[:en:Midfielder|onye na-agbachitere]] ndị otu egwuregwu Premierère Ligue [[:en:Le_Havre_AC_(women)|Le Havre AC]]. A mụrụ ya na [[France]], ọ na-agba bọọlụ maka [[:en:Morocco_women's_national_football_team|otu egwuregwu mba Morocco]].

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Kassi agbaala bọọlụ na [[:en:FC_Fleury_91_(women)|FC Fleury 91]] na mbụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sarah Kassi (Fleury (F))|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/FootballFicheJoueur91163.html|accessdate=2023-07-26|work=L'Équipe|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Juun afọ 2025, a mara ọkwa na ọ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ maka otu egwuregwu [[:en:Première_Ligue|Premiere Ligue]] [[:en:Le_Havre_AC_(women)|Le Havre AC]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sarah Kassi rejoint le HAC pour deux saisons|url=https://www.coeursdefoot.fr/event/sarah-kassi-rejoint-le-hac-pour-deux-saisons/|accessdate=2026-01-01|work=Coeurs de foot|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ofesi ==
Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka ndị otu egwuregwu ụmụnwaanyị nke mba Frans nke U-16, U-17 na U-19. Ọ sonye na [[:en:2022_UEFA_Women's_Under-17_Championship|asọmpi UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship nke afọ 2022]] ebe France ruru n'ọkwa nke atọ. Ọ gbakwara bọọlụ n'asọmpi maka asọmpi [[:en:2022_UEFA_European_Under-19_Championship_qualification|Euro 2022]] na ndị otu U-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fédération Française de Football|url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9297-kassi-sarah/fiche.html|accessdate=2023-07-26|work=www.fff.fr|archivedate=2023-08-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806010029/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9297-kassi-sarah/fiche.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara ya dịka akụkụ nke ndị otu egwuregwu Morocco maka [[:en:2023_FIFA_Women's_World_Cup_squads|iko mba ụwa nke ụmụnwaanyị FIFA nke afọ 2023]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sarah Kassi – SOCCER News, Rumors, &amp; Updates|url=https://www.foxsports.com/soccer/sarah-kassi-player|accessdate=2023-07-26|work=FOX Sports|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-07-24|title=Sarah Kassi – Soccer|url=https://www.finalwhistle.ie/soccer/player/sarah-kassi/|accessdate=2023-07-26|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dabbs|first=Ryan|date=2023-06-11|title=Morocco Women's World Cup 2023 squad: Full team announced|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/morocco-women-world-cup-2023-squad-team-roster-players|accessdate=2023-07-26|work=fourfourtwo.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Sara|author=Zouiten|publisher=Morocco World|title=Morocco Unveils Squad List for 2023 Women's World Cup|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2023/06/356029/morocco-unveils-squad-list-for-2023-womens-world-cup|accessdate=2023-07-26|work=www.moroccoworldnews.com/|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-07-11|title=Ayane to lead Morocco challenge at women's World Cup|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/ayane-lead-morocco-challenge-womens-world-cup-2023-07-11/|accessdate=2023-07-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-07-24|title=Morocco shifts focus to next game after a big loss in its Women's World Cup debut|url=https://nz.news.yahoo.com/morocco-shifts-focus-next-game-142526026.html|accessdate=2023-07-26|work=Yahoo News|language=en-NZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ntụaka==
&lt;References/&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ayodele Adetula</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="888" sha1="defvau2xyuyuxs26r3knzx3kdjpj5si" xml:space="preserve">'''Ayodele Max Adetula''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Ayodele Adetula.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 9 Febụwarị nkè 1998) bụ onye Germany na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere [[1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig|FC Lokomotive Leipzig]]&quot;&gt;1.  FC Lokomotive Leipzig.

Adetula mere nke mbụ ya na Eintracht Braunschweig na 3.  Liga.&lt;ref name=&quot;oldenburg&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nach Vertragsauflösung in Essen: Adetula wechselt zum VfB Oldenburg|url=https://www.kicker.de/nach-vertragsaufloesung-in-essen-adetula-wechselt-zum-vfb-oldenburg-786815/artikel|work=kicker|accessdate=9 October 2020|date=9 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ sonyeere ndị otu Regionalliga Nord VfB Oldenburg na Ọktoba 2020, mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Rot-Weiss Essen kwụsịrị.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adetula, Ayodele}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Adetunji Adeshina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1548" sha1="tm5lbsi41449e5j35z8b1fnr771myur" xml:space="preserve">Adetunji Razaq Adeshina (onye a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 2 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2004) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ si Naịjirịa, onye na-agba n'ọnọdụ etiti ọgbọ egwuregwu (midfielder) maka klọb LASK nke na-egwu na Austrian Football Bundesliga.

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{{updated|match played 28 October 2025}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Novi Pazar
|2022–23
|SuperLiga nke Serbia
|4
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|5
|0
|-
|2023–24
|SuperLiga nke Serbia
|27
|5
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|5
|-
|2024–25
|SuperLiga nke Serbia
|35
|6
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|38
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!66
!11
!6
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!72
!12
|-
|LASK
|2025–26
|Bundesliga nke Austria
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!67
!11
!7
!1
!0
!0
!74
!12
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''LASK'''

* Iko Austria: 2025-26&lt;ref name=&quot;Pokal26&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nach 61 Jahren: LASK bejubelt Titel im UNIQA ÖFB Cup|url=https://www.oefb.at/cup/News/Match-UNIQA-OeFB-Cup-Finale-26/|accessdate=2 May 2026|work=ÖFB|date=1 May 2026|language=de-AT}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>tm5lbsi41449e5j35z8b1fnr771myur</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672062</id>
      <parentid>672058</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T22:47:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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      <text bytes="1899" sha1="gwqda56xgh5h9p4t1l43dd68m4hsjnt" xml:space="preserve">'''Adetunji Razaq Adeshina'''(onye a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 2 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2004) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ si Naịjirịa, onye na-agba n'ọnọdụ etiti ọgbọ egwuregwu (midfielder) maka klọb LASK nke na-egwu na Austrian Football Bundesliga.

==Ọrụ ya n'òtù egwuregwu==
Adeshina gbara bọọlụ n'òtù ndị ntorobịa nke FK Novi Pazar tupu ya apụta nke mbụ ya n'òtù ndị okenye n'asọmpi [2022–23 Serbian SuperLiga].&lt;ref&gt;[https://int.soccerway.com/players/adetunji-rasaq-adeshina/905494/ Nkọwa gbasara Adetunji Adeshina] na Soccerway&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
'''emelitere egwuregwu a gbara n'ụbọchị 28 Ọktoba 2025'''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Novi Pazar
|2022–23
|SuperLiga nke Serbia
|4
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|5
|0
|-
|2023–24
|SuperLiga nke Serbia
|27
|5
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|5
|-
|2024–25
|SuperLiga nke Serbia
|35
|6
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|38
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!66
!11
!6
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!72
!12
|-
|LASK
|2025–26
|Bundesliga nke Austria
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!67
!11
!7
!1
!0
!0
!74
!12
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''LASK'''

* Iko Austria: 2025-26&lt;ref name=&quot;Pokal26&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nach 61 Jahren: LASK bejubelt Titel im UNIQA ÖFB Cup|url=https://www.oefb.at/cup/News/Match-UNIQA-OeFB-Cup-Finale-26/|accessdate=2 May 2026|work=ÖFB|date=1 May 2026|language=de-AT}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mutiu Adepoju</title>
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'''Mutiu Adepoju''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Mutiu Adepoju.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 22 Disemba 1970) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti.

Ọ nọrọ ihe ka ukwuu n'ọrụ ya na Spain, na-enweta egwuregwu 175 na goolu 22 na La Liga n'ime oge asaa ma na-anọchite anya Racing de Santander na Real Sociedad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mutiu, Adepoju Mutiu - Footballer|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j8.html|accessdate=18 June 2022|work=www.bdfutbol.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye mba Naijiria ruo afọ iri na abụọ, Adepoju pụtara maka mba ahụ na iko mba ụwa atọ na ọtụtụ Iko Mba Afrịka.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Amụrụ na Ibadan, Adepoju (nke a na-akpọkwa aha mbụ ya na Spen) hapụrụ Nigeria na 1989 ịbanye na Real Madrid, mana o nweghị mgbe ọ gafere ihe ha nwere. Oge 1992 – 93 bụ ihe ịtụnanya ka ọ meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 11 na Segunda División iji nyere Racing de Santander aka ịlaghachi na La Liga, [1] [2] ma ọ gara n'ihu na-egosipụta oge niile maka ndị Cantabrian n'ime oge atọ na-esote.

Mutiu hapụrụ Real Sociedad maka 1996–97 mana, mgbe mkpọsa mbụ siri ike gasịrị, gbalịsiri ike guzobe onwe ya na Basques. Na 2001 – 02 ọ nọchitere anya Saudi Arabia's Al-Ittihad Club (Jeddah), mana ọ laghachiri Spain ngwa ngwa ebe ọ mere obere ngosi maka ụlọ ọgbakọ UD Salamanca nke abụọ.

Mgbe afọ abụọ ọzọ na-adịghị ike, na Turkey na Saịprọs, Adepoju lara ezumike nká na 2006 na obere egwuregwu nke Spain. O mechara laghachi na otu mbụ ya Shooting Stars FC, dị ka onye isi njikwa.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Adepoju bụ onye otu Nigeria U20 nke gbara na 1989 FIFA World Youth Championship. Mmetụta ya megide United States (nke gosipụtara Kasey Keller na goolu) na ọkara ikpeazụ mere ka e nwee mmeri ikpeazụ megide Portugal, mmeri 2-0.

Adepoju gara n'ihu na-anakọta 48 caps maka [[Nigeria national football team|akụkụ zuru ezu]], na goolu isii. O mere nke mbụ ya megide Togo n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1990, mana ọganihu ya bịara n'oge 1992 Africa Cup of Nations,  ma nyere mba ya aka imeri na mbipụta kọntinent ọzọ. 

Adepoju so na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka FIFA World Cup na 1994, 1998 - ebe o meriri na mmeri 3-2 megide Spain - na 2002, ọ bụ ezie na ọ naghị agba bọọlụ na asọmpi ikpeazụ.

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Mba Nile ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ 
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;12&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|1990
|3
|0
|-
|1991
|1
|0
|-
|1992
|7
|1
|-
|1993
|3
|0
|-
|1994
|10
|2
|-
|1995
|5
|1
|-
|1996
|2
|0
|-
|1997
|4
|1
|-
|1998
|6
|1
|-
|1999
|2
|0
|-
|2000
|4
|0
|-
|2002
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!48
!6
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Adepoju ọ bụla gasịrị.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Mutiu Adepoju gbara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ref.
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1
|23 January 1992
|Stadium de l'Amitié, Dakar, Senegal
| Ghana
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1–2
|1992 Iko Mba Afrịka
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana vs. Nigeria|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/18733/Ghana_Nigeria.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=7 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2
|26 March 1994
|El Menzah Stadium, Tunis, Tunisia
| Gabon
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |3–0
|1994 Iko Mba Afrịka
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria vs. Gabon|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/16764/Nigeria_Gabon.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=7 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |3
|11 June 1994
|[[Obafemi Awolowo Stadium|Liberty Stadium]], [[Ibadan]], Nigeria
| Georgia
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |5–1
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |5–1
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria vs. Georgia|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/27983/Nigeria_Georgia.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=7 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |4
|6 January 1995
|King Fahd International Stadium, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| Japan
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |3–0
|1995 King Fahd Cup
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria vs. Japan|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/27282/Nigeria_Japan.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=7 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |5
|27 April 1997
|Ogige Egwuregwu nke August 4, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| Burkina Faso
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–1
|1998 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Burkina Faso vs. Nigeria|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/25716/Burkina_Faso_Nigeria.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=7 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |6
|13 June 1998
|Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes, France
| Spain
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1–1
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |3–2
|1998 FIFA World Cup
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Spain vs. Nigeria|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/matches/report/11603/Spain_Nigeria.html|work=National Football Teams|accessdate=7 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.nigerianplayers.com/player.asp?pID=83 Profaịlụ ndị egwuregwu Naijiria]
* Mutiu Adepojuna BDFutbol
* Mutiu Adepojuna National-Football-Teams.com
* Mutiu Adepoju-FIFAndekọ asọmpi (echekwara) 
* [https://twitter.com/iammutiu8 Mutiu Adepoju X (Twitter)]
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Fuad Adeniyi</title>
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'''Fuad Adepapo Adeniyi''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Fuad Adeniyi.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 15 Nọvemba 1994) bụ onye bọọlụ bọọlụ nke England nke na-agba bọọlụ dị ka onye na-agbachitere.
== Ọrụ ==

=== Ntorobịa ===
Adeniyi so ndị otu ntorobịa dị iche iche gbaa bọọlụ, gụnyere Harrow St. Mary's, Dorset RFC, Shaftesbury, na The Football CV Academy . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucsbgauchos.com/sports/m-soccer/2015-16/bios/adeniyi_fuad_v7sl|title=Fuad Adeniyi|work=UC Santa Barbara|accessdate=2026-05-06|archivedate=2019-04-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421043402/http://www.ucsbgauchos.com/sports/m-soccer/2015-16/bios/adeniyi_fuad_v7sl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplayersagent.com/profile/249184/player/fuad_adedapo_adeniyi|title=FUAD ADEDAPO ADENIYI - The Players' Agent|work=www.theplayersagent.com|accessdate=2026-05-06|archivedate=2024-12-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214074326/http://www.theplayersagent.com/profile/249184/player/fuad_adedapo_adeniyi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kọleji na onye na-amụrụ ihe ===
Na 2012, Adeniyi kwagara United States ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ kọleji na Mahadum Mobile. Mgbe ọ gbasịrị egwu maka Rams, ebe ọ nwetara nsọpụrụ mbụ Team All-League na 2014, Adeniyi gafere na Mahadum California, Santa Barbara na 2015, ebe ọ pụtara ugboro 15.

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji, Adeniyi nọrọ oge na FC London na 2015,  ma mesịa nọrọ oge abụọ na AFC Ann Arbor. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.afcannarbor.com/latestnews/2016/9/19/adeniyi-continues-to-press-for-pro-contract|title=Adeniyi Continues to Press for Pro Contract|work=AFC Ann Arbor}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://npsl.bonzidev.com/sam/standings/ss/schedule.php?v=3&amp;containerID=MTU3MzUxMA==|title=National Premier Soccer League|work=npsl.bonzidev.com|accessdate=2026-05-06|archivedate=2023-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712032607/http://npsl.bonzidev.com/sam/standings/ss/schedule.php?containerID=MTU3MzUxMA==&amp;v=3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha afọ 2016, Adeniyi kwagara Finland, na-egwuri egwu na Sporting Kristina.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tormentafc.com/news/2022/06/08/tormenta-fc-adds-defender-fuad-adeniyi-to-2022-roster/|title=Tormenta FC Adds Defender Fuad Adeniyi to 2022 Roster}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe e mesịrị na 2019, Adeniyi pụtara ugboro asaa maka USL League Two club Dalton Red Wolves, gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ isii wee gbakọọ otu enyemaka.[1] 2021 hụrụ Adeniyi ka ya na ọgbakọ ATLetic nke ADASL na-egwu egwuregwu Atlanta.

=== Ọkachamara ===
N'afọ 2019, Adeniyi pụtara ugboro abụọ na NISA na Atlanta SC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nisasoccer.com/roster/fuad-adedapo-adeniyi|title=Player Details &amp;#124; National Independent Soccer Association|work=nisasoccer.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 8 June 2022, Adeniyi bịanyere aka na USL League One club .  &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uslleagueone.com/news_article/show/1228793-tormenta-fc-adds-defender-fuad-adeniyi-to-2022-roster|title=Tormenta FC Adds Defender Fuad Adeniyi to 2022 Roster|author=USLLeagueOne com Staff|date=9 June 2022|work=USL League One}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2024, ọ pụtara ugboro asaa maka klọb NISA Georgia FC.

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Fuad Adeniyin'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>pix64ze3xucgo3h6x5vkobc1ehj0j7h</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tunde Adeniji</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75258</id>
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      <id>672065</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-03T22:52:30Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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      <text bytes="7392" sha1="q7w98chlw1l9x8qe79xtxbg8elcb92h" xml:space="preserve">{{Reflist}}'''Tunde Adeniji''' {{Audio|Tunde_Adeniji.wav|listen}} (amuru 17 Septemba 1995), nke aha ya bu The Tiger, bu onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naijiria na-agba Al-Tadamon.

== Ọrụ ==

=== Kpakpando Na-apụta ===
Site na nwata, Tunde na-enyocha ndị Ondo State Football Agency mgbe ọ na-egwu egwu n'ubi unyi nke Okitipupa. A bịanyere aka na ya ozugbo na ngalaba mmepe ụlọ ọrụ, Rising Stars Academy, ebe ọ na-egwuri egwu afọ abụọ ma nyere ndị otu ya aka inweta nkwalite na Premier League ka ọ pụtara dị ka onye na-agba bọọlụ. O mere egwuregwu iri na isii wee nye goolu asaa.

=== Kpakpando Anyanwụ ===
Ọrụ ya pụrụ iche mere ka ọ kwaga Sunshine Stars na mmalite nke oge 2013-14. A tụrụ anya Adeniji ka ọ nọchie onye isi goolu otu bọọlụ ahụ, Dele Olorundare n'afọ mbụ ya n'ọkwa egwuregwu mana ọ gafere ihe niile a tụrụ anya wee rite goolu iri na atọ (13) wee pụta dịka onye kacha agba bọọlụ n'ọgwụgwụ oge a.

Oge a mechiri n'afọ 2014-15 ka mma maka onye na-eto eto na-eme ihe nkiri ka ọ na-aghọ onye ọkpụkpọ ka mma na-agba bọọlụ ma na-emepụta ohere maka ndị otu ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ hapụrụ ihe nrite buutu ọla edo site na naanị otu goolu, ọ gwụchara oge ahụ na goolu iri na isii (16) na enyemaka asaa na naanị otu n'ime goolu ya na-abịa site na ebe penalty.

=== Levski Sofia ===
Na 17 February 2016, mgbe ogologo mkparịta ụka gasịrị, Adeniji kwagara Europe ịbanye na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na ụlọ ọrụ Bulgarian Levski Sofia[1] maka ego a kọrọ na € 180,000.[2]. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ bịara na egwuregwu megide Lokomotiv Plovdiv na 7 August 2016.

=== Atyrau ===
Na 21 Jenụwarị 2018, Adeniji bịanyere aka na FC Atyrau . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Тунде Адениджи — новый игрок Атырау|url=http://www.rfcatyrau.kz/rus/press_center//2831/|work=rfcatyrau.kz|publisher=FC Atyrau|accessdate=21 January 2018|language=Russian|date=21 January 2018|archivedate=30 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190730140003/http://www.rfcatyrau.kz/rus/press_center//2831/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Al-Nasr SC ===
Adeniji gara Kuwait wee binye aka na Al-Nasr SC na 31 Jenụwarị 2019 ruo June 2020.. 

=== Debrecen ===
N'ọnwa Julaị 2019, Adeniji ghọrọ akụkụ nke otu egwuregwu Hungary bụ Debrecen . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=|title=Ex-Home-Based Eagle Adeniji Joins Hungarian Club Debreceni On Two-Year Contract|url=https://www.completesports.com/ex-home-based-eagle-adeniji-joins-hungarian-club-debreceni-on-two-year-contract/|language=en|date=30 July 2019|accessdate=18 February 2021|work=[[Complete Sports]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kunshan F.C. ===
Na 6 Septemba 2020, Adeniji sonyeere China League One otu Kunshan FC . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.dongqiudi.net/article/1534925.html|title=官方：昆山FC签下皮里、阿德尼吉、伊尔德贝尔托3名外援|work=Dongqiudi|language=zh|date=6 September 2020|accessdate=6 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Al-Fayha ===
Na 7 Febụwarị 2021, Adeniji sonyeere Prince Mohammad bin Salman League otu Al-Fayha . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.alfiha.com/new/s/3660|title=الفيحاء يضم النيجيري أدينيجي لصفوفه|work=alfiha.com|language=ar|date=8 February 2021|accessdate=8 February 2021|archivedate=7 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207201413/https://www.alfiha.com/new/s/3660}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Al-Adalah ===
Na 27 Julaị 2021, Adeniji sonyeere Prince Mohammad bin Salman League otu Al-Adalah . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=الاداره العدلاويه تنعي صفقة التعاقد مع المهاجم البرازيلي باباتوندي|url=https://al-jafr.org.sa/353302.html|accessdate=2026-05-06|archivedate=2021-07-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728085931/https://al-jafr.org.sa/353302.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Al-Tadamon ===

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Egwuregwu klọb
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Klọb
!Njikọ
!Oge
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Bulgaria
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Mba Bulgaria
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Levski Sofia
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Ìgwè
|2015–16
|12
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Njikọ Mbụ
|2016–17
|22
|7
|2
|2
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|9
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!33
!6
!2
!2
!2
!0
!0
!0
!37
!9
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ
!33
!6
!2
!2
!2
!0
!0
!0
!37
!9
|}

=== Mba Nile ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]]
|-
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|2015
|4
|0
|-
!Ngụkọta
!4
!0
|}
Adeniji nwetara ọkpụkpọ oku mbụ ya na ndị otu Nigeria U20 na 2014 wee mee ihe ngosi ole na ole wee gbaa goolu. N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ natara ọkpụkpọ oku mbụ ya na ndị otu agadi.

== Nsọpụrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
Onye nke abụọ n'òtù: 2015-2016

=== Onye ọ bụla ===
Onye egwuregwu nke ọnwa nke mbụ: Ọgọst 2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xm6ylfel1x0|author=|publisher=youtube|title=Бабатунде Адениджи футболист на месец август|date=15 September 2016|accessdate=15 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==

=== Nkwupụta n'ozuzu ===

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170905142920/http://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/u-20-qualifiers-flying-eagles-thrash-lagos-football-academy-6-1-id3279648.html pulse.ng]
* [http://www.sl10.ng/news/articles/categories/german-bundesliga/npl-match-report-sunshine-stars-2-0-gombe-united-22-october-2014/180431 sl10.ng]
* [http://www.sl10.ng/news/articles/categories/german-bundesliga/npl-match-report-sunshine-stars-2-0-crown-fc-16-october-2014/179742 sl10.ng]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140926020030/http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/nigeria-premier-league/2014/09/25/5130346/npfl-week-28-league-round-up-wolves-tear-apart-dolphins-in goal.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090246/http://news-me.com/2015/05/10/npfl-sunshine-thrash-shooting-2-0-other-results/ news-me.com]
* [http://africanfootball.com/news/518527/Tunde-Adeniji-is-Sunshine-Stars-match-winner africanfootball.com]
* [http://www.sl10.ng/news/articles/categories/nigerian-premier-league/npl-match-report-sunshine-stars-3-0-heartland/208519 sl10.ng]
* [http://www.informationng.com/2015/05/glo-npfl-update-sunshine-stars-climb-top-pillars-beat-sharks.html informationng.com]
* [http://fcnaija.com/news/1541/npfl-match-day-2-round-up-taraba-united-take-early-lead-as-3sc-fail-home-test fcnaija.com] 
* [http://www.thecable.ng/sunshine-beat-shooting-go-top-league thecable.ng]

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Tunde Adenijina National-Football-Teams.com
* [http://en.levskisofia.info/player/babatunde-adeniji/ Profaịlụ na LevskiSofia.info]
* Tunde Adenijin'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
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  <page>
    <title>Samuel Adindu</title>
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      <text bytes="884" sha1="lavjlrb30xb4t66a1ir21ipcmm3u4ec" xml:space="preserve">'''Odera Samuel Onuchukwu Adindu''' (amụrụ na 4th June nke 2006) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa na-agba bọọlụ Allsvenskan IK Sirius.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
N'ime oge mbụ ya na Sweden, Adindu meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na ise wee nye aka anọ ka HTFF kwụsịrị inwe nkwalite na Superettan.

Maka oge 2026, Adindu bịanyere aka na IK Sirius na nkwekọrịta ruo na njedebe nke 2030 maka ego a kọrọ na SEK 5 nde. Ọ mere ngosipụta atọ na oge izizi ya na-abụghị asọmpi na 2–1 enyi na enyi megide Degerfors Ọ BỤRỤ na 24 Jenụwarị 2026. Na 4 Eprel 2026, o mere Allsvenskan mpụta mbụ ya dị ka onye nọchiri anya mmeri ọzọ megide Degerfors Ọ BỤRỤ na egwuregwu ahụ kwụsịrị na mmeri 3–0.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Samuel Adinduna WorldFootball.net
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'''Echendu Adiele''' {{Audio|Ig-Echendu Adiele.ogg|Listen}} (17 Adiele gbara na Nigeria maka Sharks, na Germany maka Fortuna Düsseldorf, Borussia Neunkirchen, FC Saarbrücken&quot;&gt;1. FC Saarbrücken, SV Darmstadt 98 na SV Waldhof Mannheim.
== Ọrụ ==
Adiele gbara bọọlụ na Naịjirịa maka Sharks, na Germany maka Fortuna Düsseldorf, Borussia Neunkirchen, [[1. FC Saarbrücken|FC Saarbrücken]]&quot;&gt;1.  FC Saarbrücken, SV Darmstadt 98 na SV Waldhof Mannheim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/echenduadiele/|title=Echendu Adiele|language=German|publisher=fussballdaten.de|accessdate=22 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldfootball.net/spieler_profil/echendu-adiele/|title=Echendu Adiele|publisher=worldfootball.net|accessdate=22 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112233818/http://www.worldfootball.net/spieler_profil/echendu-adiele/|archivedate=12 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adiele nwụrụ n'ụra ya na 18 June 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/article.aspx?Id=421838|title=Former Shark, Adiele dies|first=Sammy|author=Wejinya|date=19 June 2011|publisher=Supersport|accessdate=22 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; O yiri ka o nwere nsí n'ahụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sport1.de/de/fussball/newspage_420973.html|title=Giftanschlag auf Ex-Profi|language=German|publisher=sport1.de|date=21 June 2011|accessdate=1 September 2013|author=De|first=Sport1}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Reflist}}

* Echendu Adielenafussballdaten.de  (n'asụsụ German) 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adiele, Echendu}}</text>
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  <page>
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'''David Adeolu Adekola''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-David Adekola.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 18 Mee 1968) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=29|title=David Adekola|work=Soccerbase|publisher=Centurycomm|accessdate=25 October 2010|archivedate=27 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127001206/http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=29}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba maka klọb dị iche iche nke England n'afọ ndị 1990 na afọ 2000.

A mụrụ Adekola na Lagos. Ọ sonyeere Bury na Jenụwarị 1993, n'agbanyeghị nzọrọ na ọ gbara bọọlụ kacha elu na France na Belgium, n'agbanyeghị na o mechara pụta na nzere mba ụwa ya ezighi ezi.Ọ sonyeere Exeter City na mbinye ego na February 1994 wee hapụ Bury ịbanye AFC Bournemouth na mbufe n'efu na Septemba 1994. Otu ọnwa ka e mesịrị, ọ sonyeere Wigan Athletic, mana ọ mere naanị ngosi anọ tupu ahapụ ya na February 1995. O sonyeere Halifax Town, na-eme ngosi abụọ na Championship.[2] O nwere obere oge na Hereford United tupu ọ banye na Bath City na March 1995, [1] ebe o meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 3 na 9 ngosi na asọmpi niile. 

Ọ sonyeere Cambridge United na Julaị 1995, mana ọ gbasiri mbọ ike ọzọ iji guzobe onwe ya ma gbazinye ya na Bishop's Stortford. N'ịbụ onye Cambridge tọhapụrụ na Disemba 1995, Adekola kwagara Germany igwu egwu maka BFC Preussen na Viktoria Köln.

Ọ laghachiri na bọọlụ England n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1996 mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na Brighton &amp;amp;amp; Hove Albion. Ọ gbara naanị otu ugboro maka Brighton, na mmeri 2-1 n'ụlọ na Cambridge United na 12 Ọktoba, tupu a tọhapụ ya n'ọnwa sochirinụ.

N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 1998 ọ sonyeere Billericay Town, kwaga Slough Town n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1999.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.echo-news.co.uk/archive/1999/08/25/Essex+Archive/5524674.Soccer__Plan_changes_as_Adekola_leaves/|title=Plan changes as Adekola leaves|work=The Echo|date=25 August 1999|accessdate=25 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ sonyeere Hendon n'oge afọ 2000-01. &lt;ref name=&quot;hfc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.hendonfc.net/Squad?method=view&amp;id=333|title=Profile: David Adekola|publisher=Greensnet|accessdate=1 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2005, Adekola mechara bụrụ onye nke abụọ (na Craig Madden) na ntuli aka maka Bury's Cult Hero nke ihe ngosi BBC Football Focus haziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/football_focus/4536057.stm|title=Bury's cult heroes|publisher=BBC Sport|date=14 May 2005|accessdate=4 February 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Adekola gbara bọọlụ maka ndị ntorobịa Naijiria na 1987 FIFA World Youth Championship na Chile. Ọ gbakwara bọọlụ maka ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa, na-agba goolu na mbido mbụ ya na 1990 African Cup of Nations qualifier megide Guinea na 1989. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Supersport.com|author=Solaja, Kunle|title=Ehiosun is 58th scoring debutant|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/110210/Ehiosun_is_58th_scoring_debutant|date=10 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* David Adekola-FIFAndekọ asọmpi (echekwara) 
* David Adekolana Soccerbase
* David Adekolana National-Football-Teams.com
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  <page>
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'''Jamil Buba Adam''' (amụrụ na 5 June 1991) bụ onye bọọlụ bọọlụ England nke Naijiria na Irish nke na-agba bọọlụ dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ maka Flint Town United, ebe ọ bụ na ọ gbara bọọlụ maka otu Championship Barnsley.

== Ọrụ ==
Adam began his youth career with Premiership side Manchester City where he won the club's 2008 Academy Player of the Year. After leaving City, Jamil joined Championship side Barnsley and made his debut in the final game of the 2007–08 season against Cardiff City. Next season, Adam bagged a brace in the first friendly match in the 4–1 win at Buxton and the following day, he scored against Glossop North End for Barnsley.

Na 12 Jenụwarị 2011, Adam hapụrụ Barnsley site na nkwekọrịta ha abụọ mgbe ọ gachara otu egwuregwu maka The Tykes ma gosikwa obere oge na FA Cup megide West Ham.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Adam tozuru oke igwu egwu maka England, Nigeria, ma ọ bụ Ireland. Akpọrọ ya na mbụ na ndị otu mba Nigeria na-erubeghị afọ 19 mana ọ gara n'ihu na-egwu maka Republic of Ireland Under-19s wee gbaa agba nke mbụ nke asọmpi UEFA na San Marino na Nọvemba 2009, ebe ọ meriri 5–0. Ọ gbara bọọlụ nke abụọ ya maka ndị U19 na mmeri 4–2 meriri Poland Under-19s.

Jamil nọchitekwara anya Republic of Under-19 n'akụkụ Clarion Hotels U19 Four Nations Tournament  ebe o mere ugboro abụọ na Turkey Under-19s na Holland Under-19s.

== Nsọpụrụ ==

; Barnsley

2010 Young Player of the Year

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Jamil Adamna Soccerbase
* [http://www.soccerscene.ie/ss19/player.php?show_all_starts=1&amp;id=184 Republic of Ireland Under-19] career stats
* [http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/flinttownunited/s/the-team-33913.html?player_id=1297188] Profaịlụ na Flint Town United F.C.
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Akor Adams</title>
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'''Akor Jerome Adams''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Obefelix-Akor Adams.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 29 Jenụwarị 2000) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere La Liga club Seville na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Sogndal ===
N'August 2018, o sonyeere klọb Norwegian Sogndal site na Jamba Football Academy na Nigeria. O mere mpụta mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 28 August 2018. Ọ tụfuru ọtụtụ oge 2020 n'ihi mmerụ ahụ. Nkwekọrịta ya na Sogndal kubiri na njedebe nke oge 2021. O ji ihe mgbaru ọsọ 10 mechie oge ahụ na 28 ngosi.

Na 2 Disemba 2021, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na Lillestrøm . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.lsk.no/nyheter/akor-adams-klar-for-lsk|title=Akor Adams klar for LSK|work=Lillestrøm SK|author=Stokstad|first=Morten|date=2 December 2021|accessdate=2 April 2022|language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere asọmpi mbụ ya na iko ahụ, na-agba goolu megide Nardo; wee gbaa goolu mbụ ya na Eliteserien na 2 Eprel 2022 megide HamKam, na-eme otu n'ime goolu na 2-2 draw. Akor Adams gbara goolu iri abụọ na asatọ n'egwuregwu iri ise maka Lillestrøm SK n'asọmpi niile.

=== Montpellier ===
N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2023, ọ sonyeere otu egwuregwu Ligue 1 Montpellier maka ego ruru nde euro anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eurosport|date=26 August 2023|title=Ligue 1 : Mousa Al Tamari et Akor Adams, les deux pépites inattendues de Montpellier|url=https://www.eurosport.fr/football/ligue-1/2023-2024/ligue-1-mousa-al-tamari-et-akor-adams-les-deux-pepites-inattendues-de-montpellier_sto9760299/story.shtml|accessdate=8 October 2025|work=Eurosport}}&lt;/ref&gt;Akor Adams gbara goolu iri na otu na asọmpi niile n'oge ọ nọ na Montpellier HSC (site n'August 2023 ruo Jenụwarị 2025).

Na 27 Jenụwarị 2025, Adams sonyeere akụkụ La Liga Sevilla maka ego nde €5, bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ na ọkara.[1] Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ bịara na 28 Septemba 2025, onye meriri egwuregwu megide Rayo Vallecano na mmeri 1-0. O kwughachiri ihe ahụ n'izu na-esote na egwuregwu ha megide Barcelona, gbatara goolu nke anọ nke otu ya na mmeri 4-1 meriri ndị Catalan. Ngụkọta onyinye ya na Sevilla ruru ihe mgbaru ọsọ ise na enyemaka abụọ.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Adams pụtara maka ndị otu Nigeria na-erubeghị afọ 20 na 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup, [1] na-aga n'ihu na 16 ikpeazụ megide Senegal na akara 2-1.[2] Na 4 Ọktoba 2025, akpọrọ Adams oku izizi ya na ndị otu egwuregwu Nigeria maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa abụọ nke 2026 na Lesotho na Benin, na-agba akara na ngosipụta mbụ ya dị ka onye nọchiri anya Lesotho.[

Na Disemba 11, 2025, Akor Adam ghọrọ akụkụ nke ndepụta Naijiria maka iko mba Afrịka nke 2025 nke emere na Morocco, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|accessdate=2026-01-22|work=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe o nwetara ọla nchara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Clinches AFCON Bronze in Thrilling Penalty Shootout Against Egypt|url=https://www.soccerstat.com.ng/2026/01/nigeria-defeat-egypt-on-penalties-to-win-2025-afcon-.html|accessdate=2026-01-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
{{updated|match played 26 April 2026}}&lt;ref name=&quot;nff&quot;&gt;{{NFF|3495429}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Sogndal
|2018
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ngalaba Mbụ nke Norway
|10
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1[b]
|0
|11
|1
|-
|2019
|12
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1[b]
|0
|13
|3
|-
|2020
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[b]
|2
|4
|2
|-
|2021
|26
|10
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1[b]
|0
|28
|10
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!50
!14
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!5
!2
!56
!16
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Lillestrøm
|2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị Elite na-anọghị n'ọkwa
|23
|8
|5
|2
|1[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|10
|-
|2023
|15
|15
|5
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|20
|18
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!38
!23
!10
!5
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!49
!28
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Montpellier
|2023–24
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Njikọ 1
|32
|8
|1
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|33
|10
|-
|2024–25
|15
|3
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!47
!11
!2
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!49
!13
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Seville
|2024–25
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[La Liga|Njikọ ahụ]]
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|0
|-
|2025–26
|28
|8
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|8
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!32
!8
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!33
!8
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!167
!56
!14
!7
!1
!0
!5
!2
!188
!65
|}
{{notelist}}

=== Mba Nile ===
{{updated|match played 31 March 2026}}&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2025
|7
|2
|-
|2026
|6
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!13
!5
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Adams ọ bụla gasịrị.''Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa Akor Adams gbara
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1
|10 October 2025
|Peter Mokaba Stadium, Polokwane, South Africa
| Lesotho
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–1
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2
|13 November 2025
|Moulay Hassan Stadium, Rabat, Morocco
| Gabon
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |4-1 (e.g.) 
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |3
|5 January 2026
|Fez Stadium, Fez, Morocco
| Mozambique
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |4–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |4–0
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2025
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |4
|10 January 2026
|Ogige Egwuregwu Marrakech, Marrakesh
| Algeria
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–0
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2025
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |5
|27 March 2026
|Mardan Sports Complex, Antalya, Turkey
| Iran
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–1
|2026 Egwuregwu Mba Nile nke Jọdan
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Naịjirịa'''

* Ebe nke atọ nke Africa Cup of Nations: 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Akor Adamsn'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>au5c3qj45b4cz88cyn77qettov2l3ud</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672072</id>
      <parentid>672071</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T23:04:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ */</comment>
      <origin>672072</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7691" sha1="pzn2enf7qkoy5jf2mtteipaxq5m0cu8" xml:space="preserve">
'''Akor Jerome Adams''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Obefelix-Akor Adams.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 29 Jenụwarị 2000) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere La Liga club Seville na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Sogndal ===
N'August 2018, o sonyeere klọb Norwegian Sogndal site na Jamba Football Academy na Nigeria. O mere mpụta mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 28 August 2018. Ọ tụfuru ọtụtụ oge 2020 n'ihi mmerụ ahụ. Nkwekọrịta ya na Sogndal kubiri na njedebe nke oge 2021. O ji ihe mgbaru ọsọ 10 mechie oge ahụ na 28 ngosi.

Na 2 Disemba 2021, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na Lillestrøm . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.lsk.no/nyheter/akor-adams-klar-for-lsk|title=Akor Adams klar for LSK|work=Lillestrøm SK|author=Stokstad|first=Morten|date=2 December 2021|accessdate=2 April 2022|language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere asọmpi mbụ ya na iko ahụ, na-agba goolu megide Nardo; wee gbaa goolu mbụ ya na Eliteserien na 2 Eprel 2022 megide HamKam, na-eme otu n'ime goolu na 2-2 draw. Akor Adams gbara goolu iri abụọ na asatọ n'egwuregwu iri ise maka Lillestrøm SK n'asọmpi niile.

=== Montpellier ===
N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2023, ọ sonyeere otu egwuregwu Ligue 1 Montpellier maka ego ruru nde euro anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eurosport|date=26 August 2023|title=Ligue 1 : Mousa Al Tamari et Akor Adams, les deux pépites inattendues de Montpellier|url=https://www.eurosport.fr/football/ligue-1/2023-2024/ligue-1-mousa-al-tamari-et-akor-adams-les-deux-pepites-inattendues-de-montpellier_sto9760299/story.shtml|accessdate=8 October 2025|work=Eurosport}}&lt;/ref&gt;Akor Adams gbara goolu iri na otu na asọmpi niile n'oge ọ nọ na Montpellier HSC (site n'August 2023 ruo Jenụwarị 2025).

Na 27 Jenụwarị 2025, Adams sonyeere akụkụ La Liga Sevilla maka ego nde €5, bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ na ọkara.[1] Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ bịara na 28 Septemba 2025, onye meriri egwuregwu megide Rayo Vallecano na mmeri 1-0. O kwughachiri ihe ahụ n'izu na-esote na egwuregwu ha megide Barcelona, gbatara goolu nke anọ nke otu ya na mmeri 4-1 meriri ndị Catalan. Ngụkọta onyinye ya na Sevilla ruru ihe mgbaru ọsọ ise na enyemaka abụọ.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Adams pụtara maka ndị otu Nigeria na-erubeghị afọ 20 na 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup, [1] na-aga n'ihu na 16 ikpeazụ megide Senegal na akara 2-1.[2] Na 4 Ọktoba 2025, akpọrọ Adams oku izizi ya na ndị otu egwuregwu Nigeria maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa abụọ nke 2026 na Lesotho na Benin, na-agba akara na ngosipụta mbụ ya dị ka onye nọchiri anya Lesotho.[

Na Disemba 11, 2025, Akor Adam ghọrọ akụkụ nke ndepụta Naijiria maka iko mba Afrịka nke 2025 nke emere na Morocco, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|accessdate=2026-01-22|work=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe o nwetara ọla nchara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Clinches AFCON Bronze in Thrilling Penalty Shootout Against Egypt|url=https://www.soccerstat.com.ng/2026/01/nigeria-defeat-egypt-on-penalties-to-win-2025-afcon-.html|accessdate=2026-01-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
[[w:emelitere | egwuregwu a gbara na 26 Eprel 2026]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Sogndal
|2018
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ngalaba Mbụ nke Norway
|10
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1[b]
|0
|11
|1
|-
|2019
|12
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1[b]
|0
|13
|3
|-
|2020
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[b]
|2
|4
|2
|-
|2021
|26
|10
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1[b]
|0
|28
|10
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!50
!14
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!5
!2
!56
!16
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Lillestrøm
|2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị Elite na-anọghị n'ọkwa
|23
|8
|5
|2
|1[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|10
|-
|2023
|15
|15
|5
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|20
|18
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!38
!23
!10
!5
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!49
!28
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Montpellier
|2023–24
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Njikọ 1
|32
|8
|1
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|33
|10
|-
|2024–25
|15
|3
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!47
!11
!2
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!49
!13
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Seville
|2024–25
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[La Liga|Njikọ ahụ]]
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|0
|-
|2025–26
|28
|8
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|8
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!32
!8
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!33
!8
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!167
!56
!14
!7
!1
!0
!5
!2
!188
!65
|}
{{notelist}}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:emelitere | egwuregwu a gbara na 31 Maachị 2026]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2025
|7
|2
|-
|2026
|6
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!13
!5
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Adams ọ bụla gasịrị.''Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa Akor Adams gbara
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1
|10 October 2025
|Peter Mokaba Stadium, Polokwane, South Africa
| Lesotho
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–1
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2
|13 November 2025
|Moulay Hassan Stadium, Rabat, Morocco
| Gabon
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |1–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |4-1 (e.g.) 
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |3
|5 January 2026
|Fez Stadium, Fez, Morocco
| Mozambique
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |4–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |4–0
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2025
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |4
|10 January 2026
|Ogige Egwuregwu Marrakech, Marrakesh
| Algeria
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–0
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2025
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |5
|27 March 2026
|Mardan Sports Complex, Antalya, Turkey
| Iran
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–0
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2–1
|2026 Egwuregwu Mba Nile nke Jọdan
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Naịjirịa'''

* Ebe nke atọ nke Africa Cup of Nations: 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Akor Adamsn'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>pzn2enf7qkoy5jf2mtteipaxq5m0cu8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nwa okorobịa Adamu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75289</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672074</id>
      <parentid>632231</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T23:07:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mba Nile */</comment>
      <origin>672074</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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'''Chukwubuike Junior Adamu''' (amụrụ na 6 June 2001) bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ maka klọb Scottish Premiership Celtic na mgbazinye site na klọb German SC Freiburg . A mụrụ ya na Naijiria, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu egwuregwu mba Austria.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Adamu malitere ọrụ ya na otu ndị ntorobịa nke GSV Wacker. Na Jenụwarị 2014 ọ sonyeere Grazer AK. Na 2015, ọ sonyeere Red Bull Salzburg Academy, ebe ọ gara n'ihu site na U15 ruo U18.

Na Septemba 2017, a gụnyere ya na ndị otu FC Liefering na nke mbụ ya. N'otu ọnwa ahụ, ọ malitekwara maka Red Bull Salzburg's UEFA Youth League team, na-abịa maka Nicolas Meister na egwuregwu megide Bordeaux.

O mere egwuregwu izizi ya maka FC Liefering megide WSG Wattens na Nọvemba 2018 ka ọ bịara maka Karim Adeyemi. N'ọnwa Septemba 2020, o mere nke mbụ ya maka Red Bull Salzburg na egwuregwu Austrian Cup megide SW Bregen, na-abịa na nkeji nke 75 maka Masaya Okugawa.

Adamu gbatara goolu mbụ ya maka Red Bull Salzburg na ọkpụ 1–0 meriri Admira na 14 Ọgọst 2021. Goolu ahụ nyere Salzburg mmeri n'okporo ụzọ ha nke ise n'usoro, nke kacha ogologo n'ime afọ iri. Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, ọ pụtara na mbụ ya na UEFA Champions League, na-abịa dị ka onye nnọchi na 2-1 mmeri n'ụlọ megide Danish Superliga Championship Brøndby na ụkwụ mbụ nke agba ha. Na 16 February 2022, Adamu gbara goolu mbụ ya na UEFA Champions League na 1-1 n'ụlọ ha megide ndị mmeri Bundesliga Bayern Munich na ụkwụ mbụ nke agba 16 ka ọ bịarutere dị ka onye nọchiri anya Noa Okafor.

Na 22 June 2023, otu German Bundesliga SC Freiburg kwupụtara mbinye aka nke Adamu na nkwekọrịta a na-akọwaghị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.scfreiburg.com/aktuell/nachrichten/profis/20222023/junior-adamu-kommt-zum-sc/|title=Herzlich willkommen, Junior!|publisher=SC Freiburg|language=de|date=22 June 2023|accessdate=22 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2 February 2026, Adamu sonyeere Celtic na mbinye ego ruo na njedebe nke oge, na klọb nwere nhọrọ ime ka mbufe na-adịgide adịgide. Ọ mere mpụta mbụ ya na 7 February 2026, na-abịa dị ka onye nọchiri anya na asọmpi Scottish Cup megide Dundee, gbara bọọlụ na nkeji 97th iji were egwuregwu ahụ ruo oge mgbakwunye, nke Celtic mechara merie 2-1. 

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A mụrụ ya na Naijiria, Adamu na-anọchite anya Austria na mba ụwa ma na-egwuri egwu maka otu Austria U18, Austria U19, na Austria U21.

Ọ pụtara nke mbụ ya n'òtù ndị isi mba Austria na 12 Nọvemba 2021 na egwuregwu World Cup qualifier megide Israel. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=[[FIFA]]|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/qualifiers/uefa/match-center/400155664|title=Austria v Israel game report|date=12 November 2021|accessdate=17 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:UEFA_Euro_2023_Qualifiers_Austria_vs._Finland_(2022-06-03)_01.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Adamu na-egwuri egwu maka Austria U21 na 2022]]
{{Clear}}

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{{updated|match played 15 February 2026}}&lt;ref name = &quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{soccerway|junior-chikwubuike-adamu/508743|access-date=17 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |FC Liefering
|2018–19
|2. Njikọ
|16
|5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|5
|-
|2019–20
|2. Njikọ
|20
|14
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|20
|14
|-
|2020–21
|2. Njikọ
|13
|7
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!49
!26
!0
!0
!0
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!49
!26
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Red Bull Salzburg
|2020–21
|Bundesliga nke Austria
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|2021–22
|Bundesliga nke Austria
|30
|7
|4
|1
|9[b]
|1
|0
|0
|43
|9
|-
|2022–23
|Bundesliga nke Austria
|28
|10
|4
|3
|8[c]
|1
|0
|0
|40
|14
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!58
!17
!9
!4
!17
!2
!0
!0
!84
!23
|-
|St. Gallen (onye e ji ego mgbazinye) 
|2020–21
|Njikọ Super Switzerland
|14
|6
|4
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|8
|-
|SC Freiburg nke Abụọ
|2023–24
|3. Njikọ
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |SC Freiburg
|2023–24
|Bundesliga
|15
|0
|1
|0
|6[d]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|1
|-
|2024–25
|Bundesliga
|25
|2
|2
|2
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|27
|4
|-
|2025–26
|Bundesliga
|9
|1
|1
|0
|7[d]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|17
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!49
!3
!4
!2
!13
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!66
!7
|-
|Ndị Celt (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2025–26
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|2
|0
|1
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!174
!52
!18
!9
!30
!4
!0
!0
!222
!65
|}
{{notelist}}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:emelitere | egwuregwu a gbara na 14 Nọvemba 2024]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Austria
|2021
|1
|0
|-
|2022
|2
|0
|-
|2023
|3
|0
|-
|2024
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!9
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* Austrian Bundesliga: 2021-22, 2022-232022–23
* Iko mba Austria: 2021-222021–22

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Junior AdamunaÖFB  (n'asụsụ German) 
* player&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:ÖFB_player&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1245957&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents=&quot;true&quot; href=&quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.oefb.at/Spieler/1245957&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot; id=&quot;mwAic&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;Junior Adamu na ÖFB  (otu mba) 
* Junior AdamunaInstagram 
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Chukwubuike Junior Adamu''' (amụrụ na 6 June 2001) bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ maka klọb Scottish Premiership Celtic na mgbazinye site na klọb German SC Freiburg . A mụrụ ya na Naijiria, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu egwuregwu mba Austria.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Adamu malitere ọrụ ya na otu ndị ntorobịa nke GSV Wacker. Na Jenụwarị 2014 ọ sonyeere Grazer AK. Na 2015, ọ sonyeere Red Bull Salzburg Academy, ebe ọ gara n'ihu site na U15 ruo U18.

Na Septemba 2017, a gụnyere ya na ndị otu FC Liefering na nke mbụ ya. N'otu ọnwa ahụ, ọ malitekwara maka Red Bull Salzburg's UEFA Youth League team, na-abịa maka Nicolas Meister na egwuregwu megide Bordeaux.

O mere egwuregwu izizi ya maka FC Liefering megide WSG Wattens na Nọvemba 2018 ka ọ bịara maka Karim Adeyemi. N'ọnwa Septemba 2020, o mere nke mbụ ya maka Red Bull Salzburg na egwuregwu Austrian Cup megide SW Bregen, na-abịa na nkeji nke 75 maka Masaya Okugawa.

Adamu gbatara goolu mbụ ya maka Red Bull Salzburg na ọkpụ 1–0 meriri Admira na 14 Ọgọst 2021. Goolu ahụ nyere Salzburg mmeri n'okporo ụzọ ha nke ise n'usoro, nke kacha ogologo n'ime afọ iri. Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, ọ pụtara na mbụ ya na UEFA Champions League, na-abịa dị ka onye nnọchi na 2-1 mmeri n'ụlọ megide Danish Superliga Championship Brøndby na ụkwụ mbụ nke agba ha. Na 16 February 2022, Adamu gbara goolu mbụ ya na UEFA Champions League na 1-1 n'ụlọ ha megide ndị mmeri Bundesliga Bayern Munich na ụkwụ mbụ nke agba 16 ka ọ bịarutere dị ka onye nọchiri anya Noa Okafor.

Na 22 June 2023, otu German Bundesliga SC Freiburg kwupụtara mbinye aka nke Adamu na nkwekọrịta a na-akọwaghị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.scfreiburg.com/aktuell/nachrichten/profis/20222023/junior-adamu-kommt-zum-sc/|title=Herzlich willkommen, Junior!|publisher=SC Freiburg|language=de|date=22 June 2023|accessdate=22 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2 February 2026, Adamu sonyeere Celtic na mbinye ego ruo na njedebe nke oge, na klọb nwere nhọrọ ime ka mbufe na-adịgide adịgide. Ọ mere mpụta mbụ ya na 7 February 2026, na-abịa dị ka onye nọchiri anya na asọmpi Scottish Cup megide Dundee, gbara bọọlụ na nkeji 97th iji were egwuregwu ahụ ruo oge mgbakwunye, nke Celtic mechara merie 2-1. 

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A mụrụ ya na Naijiria, Adamu na-anọchite anya Austria na mba ụwa ma na-egwuri egwu maka otu Austria U18, Austria U19, na Austria U21.

Ọ pụtara nke mbụ ya n'òtù ndị isi mba Austria na 12 Nọvemba 2021 na egwuregwu World Cup qualifier megide Israel. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=[[FIFA]]|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/qualifiers/uefa/match-center/400155664|title=Austria v Israel game report|date=12 November 2021|accessdate=17 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:UEFA_Euro_2023_Qualifiers_Austria_vs._Finland_(2022-06-03)_01.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Adamu na-egwuri egwu maka Austria U21 na 2022]]
{{Clear}}

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:emelitere|egwuregwu a gbara na 15 Febụwarị 2026]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |FC Liefering
|2018–19
|2. Njikọ
|16
|5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|5
|-
|2019–20
|2. Njikọ
|20
|14
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|20
|14
|-
|2020–21
|2. Njikọ
|13
|7
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!49
!26
!0
!0
!0
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!49
!26
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Red Bull Salzburg
|2020–21
|Bundesliga nke Austria
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|2021–22
|Bundesliga nke Austria
|30
|7
|4
|1
|9[b]
|1
|0
|0
|43
|9
|-
|2022–23
|Bundesliga nke Austria
|28
|10
|4
|3
|8[c]
|1
|0
|0
|40
|14
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!58
!17
!9
!4
!17
!2
!0
!0
!84
!23
|-
|St. Gallen (onye e ji ego mgbazinye) 
|2020–21
|Njikọ Super Switzerland
|14
|6
|4
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|8
|-
|SC Freiburg nke Abụọ
|2023–24
|3. Njikọ
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |SC Freiburg
|2023–24
|Bundesliga
|15
|0
|1
|0
|6[d]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|1
|-
|2024–25
|Bundesliga
|25
|2
|2
|2
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|27
|4
|-
|2025–26
|Bundesliga
|9
|1
|1
|0
|7[d]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|17
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!49
!3
!4
!2
!13
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!66
!7
|-
|Ndị Celt (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2025–26
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|2
|0
|1
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!174
!52
!18
!9
!30
!4
!0
!0
!222
!65
|}
{{notelist}}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:emelitere | egwuregwu a gbara na 14 Nọvemba 2024]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Austria
|2021
|1
|0
|-
|2022
|2
|0
|-
|2023
|3
|0
|-
|2024
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!9
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* Austrian Bundesliga: 2021-22, 2022-232022–23
* Iko mba Austria: 2021-222021–22

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Junior AdamunaÖFB  (n'asụsụ German) 
* player&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:ÖFB_player&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1245957&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents=&quot;true&quot; href=&quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.oefb.at/Spieler/1245957&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot; id=&quot;mwAic&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;Junior Adamu na ÖFB  (otu mba) 
* Junior AdamunaInstagram 
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Julius Adaramola''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Julius Adaramola.wav|Listen}} (A mụrụ na 4th nke Eprel 1990) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba maka R 32% IL. N'oge gara aga, Adaramola gbara bọọlụ maka Olimpia Bălți na Fredrikstad FK.

== Ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
Na 2010-2011, ọ na-egwu egwuregwu anọ niile na-eru eru na UEFA Europa League maka Olimpia ma merie otu ihe mgbaru ọsọ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye kachasị elu na onye na-eme ihe mgbaru ọsọ, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2013, [https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234452/http://www.fredrikstadfk.no/latest-news/article/1q0dk756jk8lx1i0lc3e52w6iu/title/julius-er-ffk-spiller Adaramola bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide na FFK], mgbe nrụgide si n'èzí sitere n'aka ọha na eze na gburugburu ebe obibi.

N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2016, Adaramola sonyeere R 32% IL, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Spilte 23 kamper for FFK i fjor - nå er han klar for Råde i 4. divisjon|url=https://www.nrk.no/ostfold/julius-adaramola-klar-for-rade-il-1.12945720|work=nrk.no|publisher=NRK|accessdate=24 April 2018|language=Norwegian|date=13 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ ọhụrụ na R 32% na July 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Julius Adaramola skrev treårskontrakt med Råde|url=https://www.f-b.no/sport/fotball/rade-il/julius-adaramola-skrev-trearskontrakt-med-rade/s/5-59-814101|work=f-b.no|publisher=Fredrikstad Blad|accessdate=24 April 2018|language=Norwegian|date=19 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140709072321/http://www.fotball.no/Community/Profil/?fiksId=2858112 Profaịlụ] na www.fotball.no
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131013233956/http://www.altomfotball.no/element.do?cmd=player&amp;personId=250495&amp;tournamentId=2&amp;teamId=361&amp;seasonId=335&amp;useFullUrl=false Profaịlụ] na www.altomfotball.no
* Julius Adaramolan'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
* [http://www.football-lineups.com/footballer/49604/ Profaịlụ] na www.football-lineups.com
* Julius Adaramolana WorldFootball.net
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jacob Adebanjo</title>
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'''Jacob Olorunwa Adebanjo''' ( A mụrụ na 5 Septemba 1993) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere etiti ma ọ bụ onye na-echebe etiti.

'''Vitoria Setúbal'''

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Jacob Adebanjona RomanianSoccer.ro (n'asụsụ Romanian) 
* Jacob Adebanjon'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
* Jacob Adebanjona ForaDeJogo (echekwara) 
* Jacob Adebanjona WorldFootball.net
* Jacob Adebanjo- Statistics nke egwuregwu Romanian naLPF  (nke e debere 2019-07-14) (n'asụsụ Romanian) 
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dele Adebola</title>
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      <text bytes="16578" sha1="6oh8un1fhomdhj2gd840xfw08zz0fr2" xml:space="preserve">'''Bamberdele Olusegun Adebola'''(onye a mụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na atọ nke ọnwa Juun n'afọ 1975) bụ onye Naijiria gbara bọọlụ ma laa ezumike nká ugbu a. N'oge ọrụ ya, gụnyere oge ọ nọrọ na klọb ndị ọzọ n'ụdị mbinye, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka klọb iri na isii; oge kachasị ogologo ọ nọrọ na klọb bụ na Crewe Alexandra, Birmingham City na Coventry City.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ ya na Lagos, Lagos State,  Adebola tolitere na Liverpool mgbe ya na ezinụlọ ya rutere England dị ka nwa ọhụrụ; dị ka nwa akwụkwọ, ọ gbara bọọlụ n'otu akụkụ nnọchiteanya dị ka Robbie Fowler. Mgbe Liverpool nyere ya ebe YTS, otu ọ kwadoro, o kwenyere na ịnwa ịga n'ihu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ ụkwụ aka ekpe na klọb ahụ n'otu oge ahụ dị ka Fowler agaghị abụ ezigbo echiche. N'ihi ya, ọ nabatara onyinye yiri nke ahụ site n'aka Crewe Alexandra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Jon|author=Culley|title=Adebola out to upstage an old idol|work=The Independent|date=24 February 2001|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20010224/ai_n14374266|accessdate=2 April 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-adebola-lifts-the-blues-1196184.html|title=Adebola lifts the Blues|first=Adam|author=Szreter|work=The Independent|date=5 September 1998|accessdate=4 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Crewe Alexandra ===
O mere egwuregwu mbụ ya n'afọ 1992-93 na Division nke Atọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, na oge na-esote ọ nwetara ahụmịhe site n'ịgba bọọlụ na Bangor City na Welsh Premier League na Conference Northwich Victoria. O nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na Crewe na 1996-97, ihe mgbaru ọsọ 16 ya gosipụtara na ọ dị mkpa na nkwalite klọb ahụ na Ngalaba Mbụ.

N'oge na-adịghị anya, o gosipụtara na ya nwere ike ịgba goolu na ọkwa ahụ, ma dọta mmasị site na ọtụtụ klọb buru ibu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sky Blues watching Adebola transfer race|work=4thegame.com|date=5 November 1997|url=http://www.4thegame.com/club/ccfc/news/28791/SKY+BLUES+WATCHING+ADEBOLA+TRANSFER+RACE.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịbụ onye nwere nkụda mmụọ mgbe Crewe jụrụ onyinye maka ya site na West Ham United, o mere ka klọb ahụ doo anya na ọ chọrọ ịhapụ, ma klọb na-achọghị ka ọ dịrị maka ịkwaga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.creweguardian.co.uk/news/5317634.ADEBOLA_SET_TO_MOVE_ON/|title=Adebola set to move on|work=Crewe Guardian|date=7 November 1997|accessdate=4 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 1998, onye njikwa Trevor Francis bịanyere aka na Adebola maka otu egwuregwu nke mbụ Birmingham City maka ego £ 1 nde.

=== Obodo Birmingham ===
Site na goolu asaa fọdụrụ n'oge ahụ, na ịgba goolu na nke ọ bụla n'ime egwuregwu ise mbụ ya (na asọmpi niile) na 1998-99, ọdịnihu ya na Birmingham dị mma. N'oge mbụ ya zuru ezu, o nyere goolu iri na atọ, mana n'afọ 1999-2000 ọ naghị arụpụta ihe, ọ kwụsịrị ihu ọma, na ngwụcha oge ahụ, a tụbara ya na ndepụta ndị na-agafe agafe. Las Palmas, onye e buliri elu na La Liga, kwupụtara na ha abịanyela ya aka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Shock as Adebola quits|publisher=BBC Sport|date=1 July 2000|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/b/birmingham_city/814543.stm|accessdate=2 April 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; naanị maka ịkwaga ahụ ka ọ daa n'ihi ọrịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;LgeCupPrev&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/archive/england/news/2001/0109/20010109_birmingham_979026864.html|title=Adebola looking forward to a Blue final|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=9 January 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'agbanyeghị na ọ nọgidere na ndepụta ndị nnọchi anya, eweghachiri ya na ndị otu mbụ, ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya nyeere Birmingham aka iru 2001 Football League Cup Final.[1] Onye njikwa ahụ kwuru na ọ debere ya na ndepụta ndị nọchiri anya iji kpalie ya ịrụ ọrụ dabara na ike ya, ọsọ ya na ikike nka mana nke ọdịdị &quot;ụra&quot; ya nwere ike igbochi ya.

Ọrịa dị njọ nke ikpere, kwadoro n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe a na-emeso onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ n'igbe ahụ,  gosipụtara na ọ bụ njedebe nke ọrụ Birmingham. Ịgbazinye ego na Oldham Athletic na njedebe nke oge 2001-02 nyeere ya aka ịmaliteghachi ahụ ike, mana onye njikwa ọhụrụ Steve Bruce họọrọ ịghara imeghari nkwekọrịta ya.
[[Faịlụ:Dele_Adebola_-_Forest.jpg|thumb|Adebola na-egwuri egwu maka Nottingham Forest na Nọvemba 2010]]
N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2002, Adebola bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na Crystal Palace, mgbe ọ masịrị onye bụbu onye njikwa Trevor Francis na ikpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Palace sign Adebola|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/c/crystal_palace/2193386.stm|publisher=BBC Sport|date=14 August 2002|accessdate=16 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara otu oge na klọb ahụ, ebe o gosipụtara ahụike ya, na-apụta ugboro 48 na asọmpi niile.

A tọhapụrụ ya ọzọ na ngwụcha oge ahụ, Gary McAllister kpọgara ya na Coventry City, ebe ọ na-achọtaghị ụdị ọ bụla na mbụ, na-emecha oge ahụ na mgbazinye na Burnley, n'ụzọ na-emegide onwe ya bụ klọb nke chọsiri ike ịzụta ya tupu mmerụ ahụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;LETinjury&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Clarets target's injury shock|work=Lancashire Evening Telegraph|date=4 May 2001|url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/6031584.Clarets_target_s_injury_shock/|accessdate=4 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Francis wants to keep Clarets target Adebola|work=Lancashire Evening Telegraph|date=25 November 2000|url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/6056319.Francis_wants_to_keep_Clarets_target_Adebola/|accessdate=4 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Burnley, ọ gbara otu ugboro n'ime egwuregwu atọ, ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya na-abịa megide Watford.

Another loan spell followed, this time at Bradford City for whom he scored three goals. It was only when recalled to the Coventry side on a regular basis in 2004–05, first under Peter Reid and particularly under Micky Adams, playing with the likes of Stern John and Gary McSheffrey, that his form picked up.

Na 30 Jenụwarị 2008, Adebola bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọnwa 18 na Bristol City, na-aga maka ego a na-akọwaghị, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/b/bristol_city/7218438.stm|title=Bristol City sign striker Adebola|date=31 January 2008|accessdate=3 February 2008|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'agbanyeghị na Coventry chọrọ imezigharị nkwekọrịta ya, nke ga-agwụ n'oge ọkọchị. Adebola mere nke mbụ ya na 2 Febụwarị na mmeri 3-0 Ndị Queens Park Rangers,  wee gbaa naanị nkeji asaa na nke mbụ ya n'ụlọ iji nyere City aka imeri Sheffield Wednesday 2-1 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_div_1/7223891.stm|title=Bristol City 2–1 Sheff Wed|date=9 February 2008|accessdate=10 February 2008|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Egwuregwu ya n'afọ 2008-09, n'oge ọ gbara goolu 10 site na 42 pụtara, mere ka ọ bụrụ onye egwuregwu nke afọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;PotY&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/sport/Adebola-scoops-Bristol-City-award/article-974461-detail/article.html|title=Adebola scoops Bristol City award|date=8 May 2009|work=Bristol Evening Post|accessdate=30 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ jụrụ onyinye klọb ahụ maka ịgbatị nkwekọrịta ya otu afọ, na-azọrọ na a na-enye ya nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ n'ebe ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;PotY&quot; /&gt;

A mara ọkwa na 30 June 2009 na Adebola bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Nottingham Forest. Ọ sonyeere ha n'efu mgbe ọ jụrụ nkwekọrịta otu afọ na Bristol City. Adebola gbalịrị ijide ọnọdụ mgbe niile n'akụkụ Forest n'oge 2009-10. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọnọdụ, na-ahụ onwe ya n'okpuru Dexter Blackstock na Robert Earnshaw n'usoro, mana o jisiri ike manye ya ịbanye n'òtù Forest, ọkachasị n'ụlọ, na njedebe nke oge. Ọ gbara goolu nkasi obi n'azụ oge maka Forest na play-off semi-final nke abụọ megide Blackpool.
[[Faịlụ:Dele_Adebola_23-07-21_1.png|thumb|354x354px|Adebola na-egwuri egwu maka Hull City na 2011]]
Ọ banyere na mkparịta ụka nkwekọrịta na Hull City na njedebe nke oge 2010–11. Na 29 June, a mara ọkwa na Adebola abanyela nkwekọrịta otu afọ. O mere mpụta mbụ ya na egwuregwu mbụ nke oge na 5 August 2011 na KC Stadium na 1-0 meriri Blackpool. Na 20 Maachị 2012, Adebola sonyeere Njikọ Otu akụkụ Notts County na mbinye ego maka oge fọdụrụnụ. Ọ mere egwuregwu asọmpi isii wee merie otu ugboro, na-abịa na nkeji 89th nke mmeri 4–3 meriri Wycombe Wanderers.

=== Rochdale ===
N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Adebola bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na klọb League Two Rochdale . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19164517|title=Dele Adebola joins Rochdale after Reece Gray injury|date=7 August 2012|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=13 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'okpuru onye njikwa John Coleman, Adebola mere 26 league appearances maka Rochdale, mana mgbe Keith Hill weghaara dị ka onye njikwa mgbe a chụpụrụ Coleman, Hill mere ka o doo anya na ọ chọrọ ịhapụ Adebola ka ọ hapụ klọb ahụ.

Na February 2013, Adebola bịanyere aka na ndị isi ọgbakọ Wrexham na mbinye ego, dabere na nkwenye mba ụwa.N’ụbọchị nke abụọ nke Maachị, o mere mpụta mbụ ya na eserese 1–1 na asọmpi ọgbakọ na The Racecourse megide Alfreton Town. Adebola mere ihe ngosi iri na atọ maka Wrexham, ọ gbara ugboro abụọ, megide Lincoln City na Ebbsfleet United. Ngosipụta ikpeazụ ya maka Wrexham bịara dị ka onye nnọchi nkeji nkeji iri na asatọ, nọchiri Jay Harris, na Wembley Stadium na egwuregwu egwuregwu ikpeazụ megide Newport County. Wrexham meriri 2–0, na-ama ha ikpe na oge nke isii na bọọlụ na-abụghị ọgbakọ. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Rochdale, a tọhapụrụ ya.

=== Rushall Olympic ===
Adebola bịanyere aka na Rushall Olympic na-abụghị league n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/rushallolympic/news/major-new-signing-for-rushall-1014774.html|title=Major new signing for Rushall Olympic|publisher=Rushall Olympic F.C.|date=16 August 2013|accessdate=16 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808054749/http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/rushallolympic/news/major-new-signing-for-rushall-1014774.html|archivedate=8 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndị agha Leamington ===
Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2024, Adebola na-egwuri egwu maka otu Leamington Veterans, n'akụkụ onye otu ya bụbu onye egwuregwu Coventry David Busst.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Johnston|first=Neil|date=15 March 2024|title='Somebody help me' - the injury that shocked football|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68492208|accessdate=18 March 2024|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Machị 1998 onye njikwa ọhụrụ nke Northern Ireland Lawrie McMenemy, mgbe ọ chọpụtara na Adebola bụ nwa amaala Britain a mụrụ na mba ọzọ ma ya mere o ruru eru igwu egwu maka mba ọ bụla, họọrọ ya maka egwuregwu mbụ ya na-elekọta, egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Slovakia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=N Ireland shock as McMenemy picks Nigerian|work=Irish Independent|date=13 March 1998|url=http://www.independent.ie/sport/n-ireland-shock-as-mcmenemy-picks-nigerian-26193150.html|accessdate=4 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adebola hapụrụ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, mana o gosipụtara mmasị n'ịgba bọọlụ maka mba ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=David|author=Anderson|title=Adebola to miss Slovakia clash|work=Irish Examiner|date=24 March 1998|url=http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/1998/03/24/phead.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtakwara ya na ndị otu [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] maka 1998 World Cup, mana o nweghị ike ịpụ.

Ma Northern Ireland ma Naịjirịa gara n'ihu na-achụso onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ; n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1998 McMenemy kọrọ na Adebola achọghị igwu egwu maka Naịjirị, ọ chọghịkwa itinye aka na Northern Ireland n'ihi na o nwere anya ya igwu egwu na England.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=David|author=Anderson|title=McMenemy scours leagues for talent|work=Irish Examiner|date=9 October 1998|url=http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/1998/10/09/phead.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Machị 1999, McMenemy mere mgbalị ikpeazụ na-enweghị isi iji mee ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ maka Northern Ireland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=David|author=Anderson|title=McMenemy is ignoring Germany in crisis claims|work=Irish Examiner|date=25 March 1999|url=http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/1999/03/25/phead.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'agbanyeghị enweghị ọdịdị ya na ọkwa klọb, ndị na-ahọrọ Naijiria ka na-atụle ya nke ọma ka etinye ya na ndị otu mbụ maka 2000 African Cup of Nations  na, mgbe ya na onye nkuzi Jo Bonfrere kwurịtara okwu, na ndị otu maka onye na-eme asọmpi World Cup na July 2000. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sports Digest|work=Irish Examiner|date=14 December 1999|url=http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/1999/12/14/results.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Adebola called into Nigeria squad|publisher=BBC Sport|date=30 June 2000|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/b/birmingham_city/813155.stm|accessdate=2 April 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọ nabataghị ọ bụla n'ime akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù ndị a.&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Updated|match played 29 November 2011.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nottinghamforest.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10308~8191,00.html |title=Player profiles: Dele Adebola |publisher=Nottingham Forest F.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706045349/http://www.nottinghamforest.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0%2C%2C10308~8191%2C00.html |archive-date= 6 July 2009 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Bristol City F.C. Player of the Season}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Egwuregwu klọb
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Oge
!Klọb
!Njikọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |England
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko FA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
|1994–95
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Crewe Alexandra
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Nkewa nke Abụọ
|30
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|30
|8
|-
|1995–96
|30
|8
|5
|2
|1
|1
|36
|11
|-
|1996–97
|35
|16
|3
|1
|1
|1
|39
|18
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1997–98
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Nkewa Mbụ
|27
|7
|1
|0
|1
|0
|29
|7
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Obodo Birmingham
|17
|7
|0
|0
|0
|0
|17
|7
|-
|1998–99
|41
|14
|1
|1
|4
|2
|46
|17
|-
|1999–2000
|43
|5
|1
|0
|5
|1
|49
|6
|-
|2000–01
|31
|6
|1
|1
|8
|5
|40
|12
|-
|2001–02
|Oldham Athletic (nke a gbazinyere) 
|Nkewa nke Abụọ
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|5
|0
|-
|2002–03
|Obí Crystal
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Nkewa Mbụ
|39
|5
|4
|0
|5
|2
|48
|7
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2003–04
|Obodo Coventry
|28
|2
|3
|0
|2
|1
|33
|3
|-
|Burnley (onye a gbazinyere) 
|3
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|3
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2004–05
|Bradford City (nke e gbazitere) 
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |Mmeri
|15
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|15
|3
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Obodo Coventry
|25
|5
|1
|1
|0
|0
|26
|6
|-
|2005–06
|44
|12
|3
|0
|2
|0
|49
|12
|-
|2006–07
|40
|8
|2
|0
|1
|1
|43
|9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007–08
|26
|4
|2
|1
|3
|1
|31
|6
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Obodo Bristol
|20
|6
|0
|0
|0
|0
|20
|6
|-
|2008–09
|39
|10
|2
|0
|1
|0
|42
|10
|-
|2009–10
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ọhịa Nottingham
|34
|4
|2
|0
|2
|0
|38
|4
|-
|2010–11
|29
|2
|2
|1
|1
|0
|32
|3
|-
|2011–12
|Obodo Hull
|10
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|10
|0
|-
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Ngụkọta
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |England
!611
!133
!33
!8
!37
!15
!681
!156
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!611
!133
!33
!8
!37
!15
!681
!156
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Crewe Alexandra'''

* Egwuregwu nke abụọ nke Football League: 1997

'''Obodo Birmingham'''

* Onye nke abụọ na Iko bọọlụ: 2000-01&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/worthington_cup/1187654.stm|title=Blues shot down as Liverpool lift cup|work=BBC Sport|date=25 February 2001|accessdate=28 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>6oh8un1fhomdhj2gd840xfw08zz0fr2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672083</id>
      <parentid>672082</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T23:28:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ndị agha Leamington */</comment>
      <origin>672083</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16581" sha1="0ksv9rm6l0o2pjq1rgo4tlsprgocb5q" xml:space="preserve">'''Bamberdele Olusegun Adebola'''(onye a mụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na atọ nke ọnwa Juun n'afọ 1975) bụ onye Naijiria gbara bọọlụ ma laa ezumike nká ugbu a. N'oge ọrụ ya, gụnyere oge ọ nọrọ na klọb ndị ọzọ n'ụdị mbinye, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka klọb iri na isii; oge kachasị ogologo ọ nọrọ na klọb bụ na Crewe Alexandra, Birmingham City na Coventry City.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ ya na Lagos, Lagos State,  Adebola tolitere na Liverpool mgbe ya na ezinụlọ ya rutere England dị ka nwa ọhụrụ; dị ka nwa akwụkwọ, ọ gbara bọọlụ n'otu akụkụ nnọchiteanya dị ka Robbie Fowler. Mgbe Liverpool nyere ya ebe YTS, otu ọ kwadoro, o kwenyere na ịnwa ịga n'ihu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ ụkwụ aka ekpe na klọb ahụ n'otu oge ahụ dị ka Fowler agaghị abụ ezigbo echiche. N'ihi ya, ọ nabatara onyinye yiri nke ahụ site n'aka Crewe Alexandra.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Jon|author=Culley|title=Adebola out to upstage an old idol|work=The Independent|date=24 February 2001|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20010224/ai_n14374266|accessdate=2 April 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-adebola-lifts-the-blues-1196184.html|title=Adebola lifts the Blues|first=Adam|author=Szreter|work=The Independent|date=5 September 1998|accessdate=4 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Crewe Alexandra ===
O mere egwuregwu mbụ ya n'afọ 1992-93 na Division nke Atọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, na oge na-esote ọ nwetara ahụmịhe site n'ịgba bọọlụ na Bangor City na Welsh Premier League na Conference Northwich Victoria. O nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na Crewe na 1996-97, ihe mgbaru ọsọ 16 ya gosipụtara na ọ dị mkpa na nkwalite klọb ahụ na Ngalaba Mbụ.

N'oge na-adịghị anya, o gosipụtara na ya nwere ike ịgba goolu na ọkwa ahụ, ma dọta mmasị site na ọtụtụ klọb buru ibu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sky Blues watching Adebola transfer race|work=4thegame.com|date=5 November 1997|url=http://www.4thegame.com/club/ccfc/news/28791/SKY+BLUES+WATCHING+ADEBOLA+TRANSFER+RACE.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịbụ onye nwere nkụda mmụọ mgbe Crewe jụrụ onyinye maka ya site na West Ham United, o mere ka klọb ahụ doo anya na ọ chọrọ ịhapụ, ma klọb na-achọghị ka ọ dịrị maka ịkwaga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.creweguardian.co.uk/news/5317634.ADEBOLA_SET_TO_MOVE_ON/|title=Adebola set to move on|work=Crewe Guardian|date=7 November 1997|accessdate=4 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 1998, onye njikwa Trevor Francis bịanyere aka na Adebola maka otu egwuregwu nke mbụ Birmingham City maka ego £ 1 nde.

=== Obodo Birmingham ===
Site na goolu asaa fọdụrụ n'oge ahụ, na ịgba goolu na nke ọ bụla n'ime egwuregwu ise mbụ ya (na asọmpi niile) na 1998-99, ọdịnihu ya na Birmingham dị mma. N'oge mbụ ya zuru ezu, o nyere goolu iri na atọ, mana n'afọ 1999-2000 ọ naghị arụpụta ihe, ọ kwụsịrị ihu ọma, na ngwụcha oge ahụ, a tụbara ya na ndepụta ndị na-agafe agafe. Las Palmas, onye e buliri elu na La Liga, kwupụtara na ha abịanyela ya aka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Shock as Adebola quits|publisher=BBC Sport|date=1 July 2000|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/b/birmingham_city/814543.stm|accessdate=2 April 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; naanị maka ịkwaga ahụ ka ọ daa n'ihi ọrịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;LgeCupPrev&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/archive/england/news/2001/0109/20010109_birmingham_979026864.html|title=Adebola looking forward to a Blue final|publisher=ESPN Soccernet|date=9 January 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'agbanyeghị na ọ nọgidere na ndepụta ndị nnọchi anya, eweghachiri ya na ndị otu mbụ, ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya nyeere Birmingham aka iru 2001 Football League Cup Final.[1] Onye njikwa ahụ kwuru na ọ debere ya na ndepụta ndị nọchiri anya iji kpalie ya ịrụ ọrụ dabara na ike ya, ọsọ ya na ikike nka mana nke ọdịdị &quot;ụra&quot; ya nwere ike igbochi ya.

Ọrịa dị njọ nke ikpere, kwadoro n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe a na-emeso onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ n'igbe ahụ,  gosipụtara na ọ bụ njedebe nke ọrụ Birmingham. Ịgbazinye ego na Oldham Athletic na njedebe nke oge 2001-02 nyeere ya aka ịmaliteghachi ahụ ike, mana onye njikwa ọhụrụ Steve Bruce họọrọ ịghara imeghari nkwekọrịta ya.
[[Faịlụ:Dele_Adebola_-_Forest.jpg|thumb|Adebola na-egwuri egwu maka Nottingham Forest na Nọvemba 2010]]
N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2002, Adebola bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na Crystal Palace, mgbe ọ masịrị onye bụbu onye njikwa Trevor Francis na ikpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Palace sign Adebola|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/c/crystal_palace/2193386.stm|publisher=BBC Sport|date=14 August 2002|accessdate=16 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara otu oge na klọb ahụ, ebe o gosipụtara ahụike ya, na-apụta ugboro 48 na asọmpi niile.

A tọhapụrụ ya ọzọ na ngwụcha oge ahụ, Gary McAllister kpọgara ya na Coventry City, ebe ọ na-achọtaghị ụdị ọ bụla na mbụ, na-emecha oge ahụ na mgbazinye na Burnley, n'ụzọ na-emegide onwe ya bụ klọb nke chọsiri ike ịzụta ya tupu mmerụ ahụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;LETinjury&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Clarets target's injury shock|work=Lancashire Evening Telegraph|date=4 May 2001|url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/6031584.Clarets_target_s_injury_shock/|accessdate=4 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Francis wants to keep Clarets target Adebola|work=Lancashire Evening Telegraph|date=25 November 2000|url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/6056319.Francis_wants_to_keep_Clarets_target_Adebola/|accessdate=4 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Burnley, ọ gbara otu ugboro n'ime egwuregwu atọ, ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya na-abịa megide Watford.

Another loan spell followed, this time at Bradford City for whom he scored three goals. It was only when recalled to the Coventry side on a regular basis in 2004–05, first under Peter Reid and particularly under Micky Adams, playing with the likes of Stern John and Gary McSheffrey, that his form picked up.

Na 30 Jenụwarị 2008, Adebola bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọnwa 18 na Bristol City, na-aga maka ego a na-akọwaghị, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/b/bristol_city/7218438.stm|title=Bristol City sign striker Adebola|date=31 January 2008|accessdate=3 February 2008|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'agbanyeghị na Coventry chọrọ imezigharị nkwekọrịta ya, nke ga-agwụ n'oge ọkọchị. Adebola mere nke mbụ ya na 2 Febụwarị na mmeri 3-0 Ndị Queens Park Rangers,  wee gbaa naanị nkeji asaa na nke mbụ ya n'ụlọ iji nyere City aka imeri Sheffield Wednesday 2-1 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_div_1/7223891.stm|title=Bristol City 2–1 Sheff Wed|date=9 February 2008|accessdate=10 February 2008|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Egwuregwu ya n'afọ 2008-09, n'oge ọ gbara goolu 10 site na 42 pụtara, mere ka ọ bụrụ onye egwuregwu nke afọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;PotY&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/sport/Adebola-scoops-Bristol-City-award/article-974461-detail/article.html|title=Adebola scoops Bristol City award|date=8 May 2009|work=Bristol Evening Post|accessdate=30 May 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ jụrụ onyinye klọb ahụ maka ịgbatị nkwekọrịta ya otu afọ, na-azọrọ na a na-enye ya nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ n'ebe ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;PotY&quot; /&gt;

A mara ọkwa na 30 June 2009 na Adebola bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Nottingham Forest. Ọ sonyeere ha n'efu mgbe ọ jụrụ nkwekọrịta otu afọ na Bristol City. Adebola gbalịrị ijide ọnọdụ mgbe niile n'akụkụ Forest n'oge 2009-10. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọnọdụ, na-ahụ onwe ya n'okpuru Dexter Blackstock na Robert Earnshaw n'usoro, mana o jisiri ike manye ya ịbanye n'òtù Forest, ọkachasị n'ụlọ, na njedebe nke oge. Ọ gbara goolu nkasi obi n'azụ oge maka Forest na play-off semi-final nke abụọ megide Blackpool.
[[Faịlụ:Dele_Adebola_23-07-21_1.png|thumb|354x354px|Adebola na-egwuri egwu maka Hull City na 2011]]
Ọ banyere na mkparịta ụka nkwekọrịta na Hull City na njedebe nke oge 2010–11. Na 29 June, a mara ọkwa na Adebola abanyela nkwekọrịta otu afọ. O mere mpụta mbụ ya na egwuregwu mbụ nke oge na 5 August 2011 na KC Stadium na 1-0 meriri Blackpool. Na 20 Maachị 2012, Adebola sonyeere Njikọ Otu akụkụ Notts County na mbinye ego maka oge fọdụrụnụ. Ọ mere egwuregwu asọmpi isii wee merie otu ugboro, na-abịa na nkeji 89th nke mmeri 4–3 meriri Wycombe Wanderers.

=== Rochdale ===
N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Adebola bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na klọb League Two Rochdale . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19164517|title=Dele Adebola joins Rochdale after Reece Gray injury|date=7 August 2012|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=13 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'okpuru onye njikwa John Coleman, Adebola mere 26 league appearances maka Rochdale, mana mgbe Keith Hill weghaara dị ka onye njikwa mgbe a chụpụrụ Coleman, Hill mere ka o doo anya na ọ chọrọ ịhapụ Adebola ka ọ hapụ klọb ahụ.

Na February 2013, Adebola bịanyere aka na ndị isi ọgbakọ Wrexham na mbinye ego, dabere na nkwenye mba ụwa.N’ụbọchị nke abụọ nke Maachị, o mere mpụta mbụ ya na eserese 1–1 na asọmpi ọgbakọ na The Racecourse megide Alfreton Town. Adebola mere ihe ngosi iri na atọ maka Wrexham, ọ gbara ugboro abụọ, megide Lincoln City na Ebbsfleet United. Ngosipụta ikpeazụ ya maka Wrexham bịara dị ka onye nnọchi nkeji nkeji iri na asatọ, nọchiri Jay Harris, na Wembley Stadium na egwuregwu egwuregwu ikpeazụ megide Newport County. Wrexham meriri 2–0, na-ama ha ikpe na oge nke isii na bọọlụ na-abụghị ọgbakọ. Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Rochdale, a tọhapụrụ ya.

=== Rushall Olympic ===
Adebola bịanyere aka na Rushall Olympic na-abụghị league n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/rushallolympic/news/major-new-signing-for-rushall-1014774.html|title=Major new signing for Rushall Olympic|publisher=Rushall Olympic F.C.|date=16 August 2013|accessdate=16 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808054749/http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/rushallolympic/news/major-new-signing-for-rushall-1014774.html|archivedate=8 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndị agha Leamington ===
Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2024, Adebola na-egwuri egwu maka otu Leamington Veterans, n'akụkụ onye otu ya bụbu onye egwuregwu Coventry David Busst.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Johnston|first=Neil|date=15 March 2024|title='Somebody help me' - the injury that shocked football|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68492208|accessdate=18 March 2024|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Machị 1998 onye njikwa ọhụrụ nke Northern Ireland Lawrie McMenemy, mgbe ọ chọpụtara na Adebola bụ nwa amaala Britain a mụrụ na mba ọzọ ma ya mere o ruru eru igwu egwu maka mba ọ bụla, họọrọ ya maka egwuregwu mbụ ya na-elekọta, egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Slovakia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=N Ireland shock as McMenemy picks Nigerian|work=Irish Independent|date=13 March 1998|url=http://www.independent.ie/sport/n-ireland-shock-as-mcmenemy-picks-nigerian-26193150.html|accessdate=4 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adebola hapụrụ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, mana o gosipụtara mmasị n'ịgba bọọlụ maka mba ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=David|author=Anderson|title=Adebola to miss Slovakia clash|work=Irish Examiner|date=24 March 1998|url=http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/1998/03/24/phead.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtakwara ya na ndị otu [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] maka 1998 World Cup, mana o nweghị ike ịpụ.

Ma Northern Ireland ma Naịjirịa gara n'ihu na-achụso onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ; n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1998 McMenemy kọrọ na Adebola achọghị igwu egwu maka Naịjirị, ọ chọghịkwa itinye aka na Northern Ireland n'ihi na o nwere anya ya igwu egwu na England.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=David|author=Anderson|title=McMenemy scours leagues for talent|work=Irish Examiner|date=9 October 1998|url=http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/1998/10/09/phead.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Machị 1999, McMenemy mere mgbalị ikpeazụ na-enweghị isi iji mee ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ maka Northern Ireland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=David|author=Anderson|title=McMenemy is ignoring Germany in crisis claims|work=Irish Examiner|date=25 March 1999|url=http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/1999/03/25/phead.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'agbanyeghị enweghị ọdịdị ya na ọkwa klọb, ndị na-ahọrọ Naijiria ka na-atụle ya nke ọma ka etinye ya na ndị otu mbụ maka 2000 African Cup of Nations  na, mgbe ya na onye nkuzi Jo Bonfrere kwurịtara okwu, na ndị otu maka onye na-eme asọmpi World Cup na July 2000. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sports Digest|work=Irish Examiner|date=14 December 1999|url=http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/1999/12/14/results.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Adebola called into Nigeria squad|publisher=BBC Sport|date=30 June 2000|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/b/birmingham_city/813155.stm|accessdate=2 April 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọ nabataghị ọ bụla n'ime akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù ndị a.&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;[[w:Updated|match played 29 November 2011]] &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nottinghamforest.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0,,10308~8191,00.html |title=Player profiles: Dele Adebola |publisher=Nottingham Forest F.C. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706045349/http://www.nottinghamforest.co.uk/page/ProfilesDetail/0%2C%2C10308~8191%2C00.html |archive-date= 6 July 2009 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[w:Bristol City FC Player of the Season]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Egwuregwu klọb
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Oge
!Klọb
!Njikọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |England
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko FA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
|1994–95
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Crewe Alexandra
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Nkewa nke Abụọ
|30
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|30
|8
|-
|1995–96
|30
|8
|5
|2
|1
|1
|36
|11
|-
|1996–97
|35
|16
|3
|1
|1
|1
|39
|18
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1997–98
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Nkewa Mbụ
|27
|7
|1
|0
|1
|0
|29
|7
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Obodo Birmingham
|17
|7
|0
|0
|0
|0
|17
|7
|-
|1998–99
|41
|14
|1
|1
|4
|2
|46
|17
|-
|1999–2000
|43
|5
|1
|0
|5
|1
|49
|6
|-
|2000–01
|31
|6
|1
|1
|8
|5
|40
|12
|-
|2001–02
|Oldham Athletic (nke a gbazinyere) 
|Nkewa nke Abụọ
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|5
|0
|-
|2002–03
|Obí Crystal
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Nkewa Mbụ
|39
|5
|4
|0
|5
|2
|48
|7
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2003–04
|Obodo Coventry
|28
|2
|3
|0
|2
|1
|33
|3
|-
|Burnley (onye a gbazinyere) 
|3
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|3
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2004–05
|Bradford City (nke e gbazitere) 
| rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |Mmeri
|15
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|15
|3
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Obodo Coventry
|25
|5
|1
|1
|0
|0
|26
|6
|-
|2005–06
|44
|12
|3
|0
|2
|0
|49
|12
|-
|2006–07
|40
|8
|2
|0
|1
|1
|43
|9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2007–08
|26
|4
|2
|1
|3
|1
|31
|6
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Obodo Bristol
|20
|6
|0
|0
|0
|0
|20
|6
|-
|2008–09
|39
|10
|2
|0
|1
|0
|42
|10
|-
|2009–10
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ọhịa Nottingham
|34
|4
|2
|0
|2
|0
|38
|4
|-
|2010–11
|29
|2
|2
|1
|1
|0
|32
|3
|-
|2011–12
|Obodo Hull
|10
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|10
|0
|-
|-
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Ngụkọta
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |England
!611
!133
!33
!8
!37
!15
!681
!156
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!611
!133
!33
!8
!37
!15
!681
!156
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Crewe Alexandra'''

* Egwuregwu nke abụọ nke Football League: 1997

'''Obodo Birmingham'''

* Onye nke abụọ na Iko bọọlụ: 2000-01&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/worthington_cup/1187654.stm|title=Blues shot down as Liverpool lift cup|work=BBC Sport|date=25 February 2001|accessdate=28 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Candy Augustine Agbane''' (amụrụ na 22 Disemba 1996) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke ikpeazụ gbara bọọlụ dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ maka klọb Bangladesh Premier League Chittagong Abahani . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gundemkibris.com/spor/ktff-disiplin-kurulu-toplandi-h334816.html|title=KTFF Disiplin Kurulu toplandı|first=Gündem Kıbrıs|author=Gazetesi|work=gundemkibris.com|language=tr|accessdate=2 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na [[Ikorodu United F.C.]] na Nigeria Premier League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2016/02/21/champions-enyimba-lose-4-away-wins-herald-league-season-openers/|title=Champions Enyimba lose, 4 away wins herald league season openers|accessdate=24 March 2020|work=[[P.M. News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2016, Agbane sonyeere klọb Süper Lig Yenicami Ağdelen na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ.

=== Lefke TSK na MŠK Tesla Stropkov ===
Ọ sonyeere Lefke TSK na Septemba 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ktff.org/BilgiBankasi/FutbolcuDetayi/17191|title=CANDY AGBANE|publisher=ktff.org|accessdate=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sporyeni.com/disiplin-kurulu-kararlari-7786h.htm|title=Disiplin kurulu Kararlari|date=29 November 2018|publisher=sporyeni.com|accessdate=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.halkinsesikibris.com/futbol/yabanci-futbolcular-kesinlesti-h84384.html|title=Yabancı futbolcular, kesinleşti|date=4 October 2017|publisher=halkinsesikibris.com|accessdate=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nke ọma, ọ sonyeere klọb Northern Cyprus na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.haberatorkibris.com/yesilovaya-rekor-ceza-14935h.htm|title=Yeşilova'ya rekor ceza|date=7 March 2018|publisher=haberatorkibris.com|accessdate=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 3 Machị 2019, Agbane bịanyere aka na Slovak 3.  Otu egwuregwu Liga Stropkov na mbido 2019-2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://futbalnet.sk/member/1416895/|title=CANDY AUGUSTINE AGBAN|publisher=futbalnet.sk|accessdate=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://msk-tesla-stropkov.futbalnet.sk/tim/33980/hraci/|title=MŠK TESLA STROPKOV (MUŽI)|publisher=futbalnet.sk|accessdate=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://mskteslastropkov.sk/report-bardejovska-nova-ves-vs-msk-stropkov/|title=REPORT: ŠK MILENIUM 2000 Bardejovská Nová Ves vs. MŠK Stropkov|publisher=mskteslastropkov.sk|accessdate=24 March 2020|archivedate=24 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324195626/http://mskteslastropkov.sk/report-bardejovska-nova-ves-vs-msk-stropkov/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe otu oge gachara na Slovakia, ọ laghachiri na Lefke TSK na Jenụwarị 2020.

=== Chittagong Abahani ===
Mgbe ya na Mesarya SK nwechara obere oge, Candy bịanyere aka na klọb Premier League nke Bangladesh Chittagong Abahani na mbufe etiti oge na Eprel 2022. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgbakọ Eshia mbụ ya. O meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ anọ ma nye aka anọ n'ime egwuregwu iri maka ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ na oge mbụ ya. Ọ gbara otu ugboro wee nye otu enyemaka na egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke oge. N'August 2022, Candy bịanyere aka na Ctg Abahani nkwekọrịta maka oge 2022-23. Otú ọ dị, ọ gbaghị ihe mgbaru ọsọ na oge na-esote wee hapụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mgbe ọ merụrụ ahụ ogologo oge na etiti oge.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Profile, futbalnet.sk (n'asụsụ Slovak) 
* [http://www.ktff.org/BilgiBankasi/FutbolcuDetayi/17191 Profaịlụ], ktff.org
* Candy Augustine Agbanen'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Antoinette Quarré</title>
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'''Antoinette Quarré''' (January 16, 1813 - November 25, 1847) bụ onye France na-ede uri.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Antoinette Célinie Quarré na Jenụwarị 16, 1813, na Recey-sur-Ource, France.&lt;ref name=&quot;1frwp&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|language=fr|chapter=Acte de naissance d'Antoinette Quarré|title=Registre d'état-civil de la commune de Recey-sur-Ource (1801-1828), cote FRAD021EC 519/005|editor=Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or|pages=313-14|url=https://archives.cotedor.fr/v2/ad21/visualiseur/ir_ead_visu_lien.html?ir=26564&amp;id=780586224}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nne na nna ya bụ Cécile Quarré na nna a na-amaghị ama.

Ọ bụ ezie na ahụ́ erughị ya ala, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-asa ákwà na Dijon. Akụkọ mgbe ochie kwuru na ọ mụtara ịgụ ihe site na Voltaire Zaire. N'ịbụ onye ọkà mmụta, M. de Belloguet kụziri, ọ tụgharịrị na uri wee bipụta ọtụtụ edemede n'amaokwu na prose (nke dị na Journal des Demoiselles [fr]), yana otuto maka Princess Marie d'Orléans, nke nwetara ya, na 1839, nke a kpọtụrụ aha na Société des arts lettres et. O zigara amaokwu ya na Alphonse de Lamartine, onye ọ masịrị ya. Ọ zara ya n'August 24, 1838, jiri abụ nke isiokwu ya bụ &quot;À une jeune fille poète&quot; (To a Young Poet), nke o mesịrị tinye na &quot;Recueillements poétiques&quot; (Poetic Reflections). Quarré ji uri ọzọ zaghachi uri a, &quot;Reponse à M. de Lamartine&quot; (zaghachi Mr. de Lamartine). Ndị enyi Quarré gbara ya ume ka o bipụta mkpokọta mbụ ya, bụ́ nke pụtara na 1843 ma dọta mmasị nke ukwuu. 
[[Faịlụ:Dijon_(21)_Cimetière_des_Péjoces_-_Tombe_d'Antoinette_Quarré_-_01.jpg|thumb|Quarré dara]]
N'ihi ọdịdị ahụike na-adịghị ike, ọ nwụrụ (nke obi gbasaa) na Nọvemba 25, 1847, na Dijon.&lt;ref name=&quot;4frwp&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|language=fr|chapter=Acte de décès d'Antoinette Quarré|title=Registre des décès de la ville de Dijon (1er février 1847-31 décembre 1847), cote 5 MI 9 R 217|editor=Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or|url=https://archives.cotedor.fr/v2/ad21/visualiseur/ir_ead_visu_lien.html?ir=26564&amp;id=780398266}}&lt;/ref&gt; E liri ya na ili ozu Péjoces.

N'ihe osise ya nke Antoinette Quarré na Tour de France, Flora Tristan na-apụta dị ka onye iro n'ihu ọha megide Quarré. [a]

Xavier Privas, onye goguettier nke dị na [[Lyon]] ma mesịa bụrụ onye Paris, depụtara Quarré n'etiti ndị goguettières a ma ama n'akụkụ Élisa Fleury  na Élie Deleschaux  nke Paris, Reine Garde nke Aix-en-Provence, na Rose Harel  ya na Lisieux.

* Na ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5738490s.image.f81.tableDesMatieres Hégésippe Moreau]'', okwu e nyere na asọmpi Académie des Jeux Floraux, 1840
* ''Abụ nke Antoineette Quarré'', Dijon, 1843

== Ihe edeturu ==
{{notelist}}

== Edensibia ==</text>
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    <title>Ekigho Ehiosun</title>
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 {{updated|match played 17 May 2019}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=E.Ehiosun|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/ekigho-ehiosun/176152/|website=soccerway.com|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=22 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/41938/Ekigho_Ehiosun.html|title=Ekigho Ehiosun |website=National-Football-Teams.com |access-date=22 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ehiosun mụrụ na Warri. Ọ hapụrụ Delta United maka ụlọ ịgba egwu Delta State Warri Wolves na 2008. O meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 10 na 2009–10 iji duo klọb ahụ. Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ n'ime oge 2010–11, Ehiosun bụ onye kacha nweta goolu otu egwuregwu nwere goolu asaa, gụnyere okpu okpu megide Sharks FC.

=== Samsunspor ===
N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2011, Ehiosun, kwagara na klọb ndị Turkey bụ Samsunspor na nkwekọrịta otu afọ, yana nhọrọ nke abụọ ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ekigho Ehiosun joins Turkish club|work=africansoccer.weebly.com|url=http://africansoccer.weebly.com/news/ekigho-ehiosun-joins-turkish-club|accessdate=29 October 2014|date=15 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030042427/http://africansoccer.weebly.com/news/ekigho-ehiosun-joins-turkish-club|archivedate=30 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gençlerbirliği ===
N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, otu egwuregwu Turkey bụ Gençlerbirliği bịanyere aka na Ekigho na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ.

=== Gabala ===
N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2014, Ehiosun kwagara Gabala nke Azerbaijan Premier League na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego ogologo oge. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ekigho Ehiosun Joins Gabala On A Season - Long Loan|url=http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=12689|work=allnigeriasoccer.com|publisher=allnigeriasoccer|accessdate=27 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Julaị 2015, Ehiosun gbara arụkwaghịm na Samsunspor na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Official : Ekigho Ehiosun Returns For Third Stint With Samsunspor|url=http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=15660|work=allnigeriasoccer.com/|publisher=All Nigeria Soccer|accessdate=27 November 2015|date=24 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 21 Septemba 2017, Ehiosun bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu na Gabala. &lt;ref name=&quot;Gabala Sign Ehiosun&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ekiqo Ehiosun yenidən Qəbələ də|url=http://gabalafc.az/az/xeber/ekiqo-ehiosun-yeniden-qebele-de-3415|work=gabalafc.az|publisher=Gabala FK|accessdate=21 September 2017|language=Azerbaijani|date=21 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gabala kwupụtara na Ehiosun hapụrụ klọb ahụ na 4 Jenụwarị 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Qəbələ&quot; Endi Hallideylə yollarını ayırdı|url=http://gabalafc.az/az/xeber/qebele-endi-hallideyle-yollarini-ayirdi-3570|work=gabalafc.az|publisher=Gabala FK|language=Azerbaijani|date=4 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ya na ndị otu Naijiria National B nwechara ọzụzụ, akpọrọ ya aha dịka onye nọchiri anya Victor Anichebe na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ndị Eagles na Sierra Leone. Ehiosun gbara egwu nkeji asaa ka ọ bịarutere dị ka onye nọchiri anya ya, wee bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ 58th na akụkọ ntolite Naijiria gbara bọọlụ maka otu mba na mpụta mbụ ya.

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
{{Reflist}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Anụ ọhịa wolf ndị agha
|[[2008–09 Nigeria Premier League|2008–09]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria
|5
|0
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|5
|0
|-
|2009–10
|23
|10
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|23
|10
|-
|2010–11
|12
|7
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!40
!17
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!40
!17
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Samsunspor
|2011–12
|Süper Lig
|31
|9
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|32
|9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Gençlerbirliği
|2012–13
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Süper Lig
|12
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|0
|-
|2013–14
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
|2014–15
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!12
!0
!1
!0
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!13
!0
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Samsunspor (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2013–14
|Njikọ Mbụ nke TFF
|29
|9
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|9
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Gabala (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2014–15
|Njikọ Premier nke Azerbaijan
|29
|6
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|32
|6
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Samsunspor
|2015–16
|Njikọ Mbụ nke TFF
|30
|4
|1
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|5
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Gazişehir Gaziantep
|2016–17
|Njikọ Mbụ nke TFF
|22
|6
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|6
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Gabala
|2017–18
|Njikọ Premier nke Azerbaijan
|6
|0
|1
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|7
|1
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Hapoel Acre
|2018–19
|Njikọ Leumit
|30
|4
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!299
!55
!8
!2
!-
!-
!0
!0
!-
!-
!237
!57
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|-
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|2011
|5
|4
|-
|2012
|1
|1
|-
!Ngụkọta
!6
!5
|}
''Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ziri ezi dị ka egwuregwu a gbara na 23 Mee 2012''

=== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa ===

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;
!Mba
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe a na-anọ
!Onye mmegide
!Ihe ruru
!Nsonaazụ
!Ịsọ mpi
|-
|1.
|9 Febụwarị 2011
|Teslim Balogun Stadium, Lagos, Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]
| Sierra Leone
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ehiosun, Ekigho}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Postmodern feminism</title>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Hlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sidebar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Postmodern feminism bụ ngalaba nke nwanyị na-emegide isiokwu nwanyị zuru ụwa ọnụ. Dabere na nkà ihe ọmụma postmodern, nwanyị postmodern na-ajụ echiche ọdịnala gbasara okike, njirimara, na ike, ebe ọ na-ekwusi ike na mmekọrịta nke echiche ndị a.

Ndị na-ahụ maka nwanyị nke oge a na-arụ ụka na asụsụ na-ewuli eziokwu nakwa na ike agbakwunyere na ụkpụrụ ọha mmadụ, na-akpụzi njirimara na igbochi ụlọ ọrụ. Ha na-achọ ịgba mgba megide mmegide ọnụọgụ abụọ ọdịnala (dịka, nwoke / nwanyị, omenala / okike) na imebi usoro ndị na-achị achị.

Ntinye nke postmodern theory n'ime feminist theory anaghị anabata ngwa ngwa site na ụmụ nwanyị niile - ụfọdụ kwenyere na echiche postmodern na-emebi mwakpo nke femism na-anwa ịmepụta, ebe ndị ọzọ na-akwado njikọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Sands|first=Roberta|date=Nov 1992|title=Postmodern Feminist Theory and Social Work: A Deconstruction|journal=Social Work|volume=37|pages=489|doi=10.1093/sw/40.6.831|issn=1545-6846}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ya ==

=== Derrida ===
Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) mara echiche nke otu eziokwu, eziokwu ziri ezi ma ọ bụ &quot;ihe na-egosi gafere,&quot; na-arụ ụka na a na-ewu ihe ọ pụtara site na usoro na-enweghị njedebe nke ihe ngosi ndị na-ezo aka naanị na ibe ha. O webatara echiche nke &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwLw&quot;&gt;ọdịiche&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; iji gosipụta etu asụsụ si arụ ọrụ site na ọdịiche na nkwụsịtụ na-adịgide adịgide nke nkọwa. Ọrụ ya na-emesi echiche ahụ ike na asụsụ anaghị anọchite anya eziokwu kama ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Tong|first=Rosemarie|url=https://archive.org/details/feministthoughtc00tong|title=Feminist thought : a comprehensive introduction|publisher=Westview Press|year=1989|isbn=9780429493836|location=Boulder, Colorado|pages=[https://archive.org/details/feministthoughtc00tong/page/217 217]–224|oclc=1041706991}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFTong1989&quot;&gt;Tong, Rosemarie (1989). &lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-registration&quot; title=&quot;Free registration required&quot;&gt;[[iarchive:feministthoughtc00tong|''Feminist thought : a comprehensive introduction'']]&lt;/span&gt;. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. pp.&amp;nbsp;[[iarchive:feministthoughtc00tong/page/217|217]]–224. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780429493836|&lt;bdi&gt;9780429493836&lt;/bdi&gt;]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1041706991 1041706991].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Foucault ===
Michel Foucault (1926-1984) lere ike anya dị ka ike na-agbasa agbasa na nke na-akpụzi echiche mmadụ. N'ime usoro ya, ike abụghị naanị mmegide kama ọ na-arụpụta ihe, na-arụ ọrụ site na ụlọ ọrụ, ụkpụrụ, na nlekota onwe onye. Ọ tụrụ aro na ịmata ike ndị a nwere ike ime ka ndị mmadụ nwee ike ịma aka ma melite echiche ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

=== Ịbụ onye inyom na France ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;French Feminism, dị ka a maara taa, abụghị kpọmkwem ụlọ akwụkwọ echiche sitere na France, kama ọ bụ ihe Anglo-American phenomen. Ọ na-akọwa otu echiche jikọtara ya na ndị na-eche echiche na-asụ French—karịsịa Hélène Cixous, Luce Irigaray, na Julia Kristeva. Ọrụ ha gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na Freudian na Lacanian psychoanalysis, na-elekwasị anya na ahụmahụ tupu Oedipal, nnọchiteanya nne, na ndị amaghị ihe ọ bụla.

Alice Jardine chepụtara okwu a iji kọwaa ihe na-apụta n'etiti ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi nke France na 1980, ebe a na-akọwa ọdịda nke echiche Enlightenment. Maka ndị inyom, nke a pụtara ịlaghachi n'otu arụmụka ahụ / dị iche iche site na oghere ọhụrụ. Akwụkwọ nke Toril Mo Sexual/Textual Politics (1986) gara n'ihu na-akpụzi ndị inyom French site n'ịgụnye naanị Cixous, Irigaray, na Kristeva. Mo mekwara ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti Anglo-American na French feminists: mgbe Anglo-American feminists na-achọ ịchọta &quot;echiche nwanyị&quot;, French feminists kwenyere na ọ dịghị njirimara maka ụmụ nwanyị mana na &quot;nwere ike ịmata ụmụ nwanyị ebe a na-ahụ ọdịiche na ọdịiche&quot;.

Elaine Marks, onye ọkà mmụta na ngalaba nke Women's Studies, kwuru ọdịiche ọzọ dị n'etiti ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na France: Ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na French, ọkachasị ndị na-eme ihe ike, katọrọ ma wakpo usoro ndị na-abara ụmụ nwoke uru, yana ịkpọasị ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu ha, karịa ndị America ibe ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newfrenchfeminis00markrich|title=New French feminisms : an anthology|date=1980|publisher=University of Massachusetts Press|isbn=978-0870232800|editor=Marks|location=Amherst|oclc=5051713}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Echiche ==

=== Ebe asụsụ dị ===
Onye ọkà mmụta iwu Mary Joe Frug, onye guzobere otu ndị ọkà mmụta iwu a maara dị ka Fem-Crits - n'onwe ya bụ akụkụ nke usoro ọmụmụ iwu dị oke egwu - , &lt;ref name=&quot;baumgardner&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Baumgardner|first=Paul|title=Ronald Reagan, the Modern Right, and ... the Rise of the Fem-Crits|journal=Laws|volume=8|issue=4|doi=10.3390/laws8040026|date=October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; tụrụ aro na otu &quot;ụkpụrụ&quot; nke postmodernism bụ na ahụmịhe mmadụ dị &quot;n'ụzọ na-enweghị ike ime n'ime asụsụ&quot;. A na-eji ike eme ihe ọ bụghị naanị site na nrụgide kpọmkwem, kamakwa site n'ụzọ asụsụ si emepụta ma gbochie eziokwu anyị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Frug|first=Mary Joe|date=March 1992|title=A Postmodern Feminist Manifesto (An Unfinished Draft)|journal=Harvard Law Review|volume=105|issue=5|pages=1045–1075|doi=10.2307/1341520}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFFrug1992&quot;&gt;Frug, Mary Joe (March 1992). &quot;A Postmodern Feminist Manifesto (An Unfinished Draft)&quot;. ''Harvard Law Review''. '''105''' (5): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;1045–&lt;/span&gt;1075. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/1341520|10.2307/1341520]]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&amp;nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1341520 1341520].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; O kwukwara na n'ihi na asụsụ na-emeghe mgbe niile maka ntụgharị ọzọ, enwere ike iji ya guzogide nhazi na mgbochi a, yabụ na ọ bụ ebe nwere ike ịba uru maka ọgụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ihe na-emegide ihe dị mkpa ===
Otu onyinye mbụ na postmodern femism bụ &quot;[[A Cyborg Manifesto|Cyborg Manifesto]]&quot; nke Donna Haraway, nke na-agbagha ókèala dị mkpa n'etiti mmadụ, anụmanụ, na igwe. Haraway na-eji ihe atụ nke cyborg - ngwakọta nke igwe na ihe dị ndụ - iji kwuo na njirimara abụghị nke okike ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị ndụ, kama ọ bụ ihe owuwu mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-03-06|title=After Class Writing: Haraway’s “A Cyborg Manifesto” – ENG1710 Intro to Language and Technology, SP2018|url=https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/elliseng1710sp2018/2018/03/06/after-class-writing-haraways-a-cyborg-manifesto/|accessdate=2025-12-27|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/elliseng1710sp2018/2018/03/06/after-class-writing-haraways-a-cyborg-manifesto/ &quot;After Class Writing: Haraway's &quot;A Cyborg Manifesto&quot; – ENG1710 Intro to Language and Technology, SP2018&quot;]. 2018-03-06&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-12-27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Donna_Haraway_2016_2.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ọkọ akụkọ sayensị Donna Haraway]]
Site n'ịkwatu &quot;informatics nke ịchịkwa,&quot; Haraway na-akatọ ọdịnala ọdịda anyanwụ dualisms dị ka nwoke / nwanyị, ọdịbendị / okike, na uche / ahụ, nke nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nna ochie na nke ọchịchị. Ọ na-atụ aro na site na ịnakwere njirimara cyborg, ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịgafe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị njirimara nke oge gara aga ma kama ịmepụta njikọ dabere na ebumnuche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha na-emekọ ihe kama ịbụ ụdị ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;

Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti feminism postmodern na alaka ndị ọzọ nke feminism bụ ikekwe arụmụka na mmekọahụ, ma ọ bụ opekempe nwoke na nwanyị, bụ n'onwe ya sitere n'asụsụ wuru, echiche dị elu na akwụkwọ Judith Butler nke 1990, Nsogbu Gender. Ha na-adọta ma na-akatọ ọrụ Simone de Beauvoir, Michel Foucault, na Jacques Lacan, yana arụmụka Irigaray na ihe anyị weere dị ka &quot;nwanyị&quot; bụ nanị ngosipụta nke ihe e wuru dị ka nwoke.

Butler na-akatọ ọdịiche nke ụmụ nwanyị gara aga mere n'etiti (nke ndụ) mmekọahụ na (nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya). Ha na-ajụ ihe mere anyị ji chee na ihe onwunwe (dị ka ahụ) anaghị enwe usoro nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'onwe ha. Butler na-ekwu na nke a anaghị ekwe ka a katọọ nke ọma: ọ bụ ezie na ha ghọtara na okike bụ ihe na-ewu ewu, ndị na-ahụ mkpa ụmụ nwanyị na-eche na a na-ewu ya mgbe niile n'otu ụzọ ahụ. Arụmụka Butler na-egosi na ịdị n'okpuru ụmụ nwanyị enweghị otu ihe kpatara ya ma ọ bụ otu ngwọta.

Similarly, Frug maintains that sex is not something natural, nor is it something completely determinate and definable; rather, sex is part of a system of meaning, produced by language.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Cultural mechanisms &quot;encode the female body with meanings&quot;, and then go on to explain these meanings &quot;by an appeal to the 'natural' differences between the sexes, differences that the rules themselves help to produce&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template &quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2026)&quot;&gt;page&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Ihe omuma ndi ozo ===
Ihe dị mkpa na usoro postmodern nke Haraway bụ echiche nke ihe ọmụma dị n'ebe dị, nke na-eje ozi dị ka nkatọ nke Anya Chineke - echiche efu nke inweta ebumnuche zuru oke, echiche na-anọpụ iche nke ụwa site n'ebe ọ bụla. Ọ na-ekwu na a na-emepụta ihe ọmụma sayensị na ọdịbendị niile site na otu echiche a kapịrị ọnụ, nakwa na ịnakwere ọnọdụ ndị a bụ naanị ụzọ isi nweta &quot;ezi ihe&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Carl Silvio- Refiguring the Radical Cyborg in Mamoru Oshii’s Ghost in the Shell|url=https://www.depauw.edu/site/sfs/backissues/77/silvio77.htm|accessdate=2025-12-27|work=www.depauw.edu|archivedate=2026-01-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260104233246/https://www.depauw.edu/site/sfs/backissues/77/silvio77.htm}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. ''www.depauw.edu''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-12-27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ihe gbasara ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a, echiche a jụrụ echiche nke &quot;ahụmahụ nwanyị&quot; zuru ụwa ọnụ, kama ịkwado nghọta dị iche iche nke eziokwu nke na-akọwa njikọ agbụrụ, klas, na teknụzụ. Usoro a na-enye ohere maka sayensị ụmụ nwanyị nke na-akatọ ajọ mbunobi akụkọ ihe mere eme ma na-etinye aka n'ụzọ miri emi na eziokwu ihe onwunwe nke ụwa na-emetụta teknụzụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;

== Nkatọ ==
E nweela ọtụtụ nkatọ banyere ụmụ nwanyị postmodern kemgbe ọ malitere na 1990s. Ọtụtụ n'ime nkatọ ndị a sitere n'aka ndị na-akwado oge a na ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na-akwado echiche nke oge a.
[[Faịlụ:Gloria_Steinem_crop.jpg|thumb|Onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị bụ Gloria Steinem]]
Ndị nkatọ nke oge a lekwasịrị anya na isiokwu nke relativism na nihilism dị ka postmodernism kwuputara. Ha na-arụ ụka na site n'ịhapụ ụkpụrụ Enlightenment, postmodern feminism &quot;na-egbochi ohere nke ịtọhapụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&quot; Enwere ike ịhụ nchegbu a na ndị nkatọ dị ka Meaghan Morris, bụ ndị na-arụ ụka na ụmụ nwanyị postmodern nwere ike imebi ntọala ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke omume dabere na ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị, site na mgbagwoju anya ya. Alison Assiter bipụtara Enlighten Women (1995) iji katọọ postmodernists na postmodern feminists n'otu aka ahụ, na-arụ ụka na a ga-enwe nlọghachi na ụkpụrụ Enlightenment na nwanyị nke oge a. Gloria Steinem akatọkwala echiche ụmụ nwanyị, na ọkachasị echiche nwanyị postmodernist, dị ka oke agụmakwụkwọ, ebe okwu dị oke egwu na enweghị ike ịbịaru nso na abaghị uru nye onye ọ bụla.

Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ ndị a kpọrọ ''onwe ha'' ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị nke oge a katọrọ okwu ahụ bụ &quot;postmodernism&quot;: Butler, dịka ọmụmaatụ, jụrụ okwu ahụ bụ &quot;&quot;postmodernism&quot; dị ka ihe na-edoghị anya iji nwee ihe ọ pụtara. [[Paula Moya]] na-ekwu na Butler na-enweta ịjụ a na postmodernism site na ntụgharị nke ọrụ Cherríe Moraga: &quot;Ọ na-agụ nkwupụta Moraga na 'ihe ize ndụ dị n'ịhazi mmegbu' iji pụta na anyị enweghị ụzọ anyị ga-esi kpebie n'etiti ụdị mmegbu dị iche iche - na mgbalị ọ bụla iji kọwaa ma ọ bụ mee ka ụdị mmegbu ndị mmadụ na-ata na-ata bụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-enweghị isi, na-achịkwa, ma ọ bụ na-achịkọta nke na-eme na-emebi na-emechi anya na-emega n' ka ọ bụrụ na-emecha, na-emeziwanye ihe ngosi nke mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị nọ na-aghọta ya site na-eme nke ọma. Moya na-ekwu na n'ihi na Butler chere na a pụghị ịhazi ụdị mmegbu dị iche iche n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi, na a pọdụrụ ha ma ọlị; ma mee ka ụzọ dị mkpirisi site n'ịhapụ echiche nke ọ bụghị naanị postmodernism, kamakwa ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu.&lt;ref&gt;Moya, Paula M. L. ''From Postmodernism, 'Realism,' and the Politics of Identity: [[Cherríe Moraga]] and [[Chicana feminism|Chicana Feminism]]'', in {{Cite book|author=Gilbert|first=Susan M.|title=Feminist literary theory and criticism : a Norton reader|year=2007|publisher=W.W. Norton|location=New York|isbn=9780393927900|pages=787–797|edition=1st|authorlink=From Postmodernism, &quot;Realism,&quot; and the Politics of Identity: Cherrie Moraga and Chicana Feminism}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==
 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|40em}}

== Akwụkwọ ==

* {{Cite book|author=Nicholson|first=Linda|title=Feminism/postmodernism|date=1990|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9780415900591|location=New York}}
* {{Cite book|author=Assiter|first=Alison|title=Enlightened women: modernist feminism in a postmodern age|date=1996|publisher=Routledge|location=London New York|isbn=9780415083386}}
* {{Cite book|author=Kottiswari|first=W. S.|title=Postmodern feminist writers|publisher=Sarup &amp; Sons|location=New Delhi|year=2008|isbn=9788176258210}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Williams|first=Susan|title=A Feminist Theory of Malebashing|journal=Michigan Journal of Gender &amp; Law|date=1 January 1996|volume=4|issue=1|pages=35–127|url=https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjgl/vol4/iss1/2/|issn=1095-8835}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''[[Ȯra Bayelsa|Bayelsa]] United FC''' bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] nke dị na [[Yenagoa]], Bayelsa, Nigeria. Ha na-egwu na ngalaba Premier nke bọọlụ Naijiria, Nigeria Professional Football League. A na-egwu egwuregwu ha n'ụlọ na Samson Siasia Stadium, Ovom, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. Onye nkuzi nke otu ahụ ugbu a bụ Monday odigie, onye zụrụbu otu ahụ.

== Oge 2008/09 ==
N'ihi oke mmiri ozuzo na-eme ka ogige ahụ ghara igwu egwu, ha na-egwu oge 2007–2008 na Delta State obodo Oghara. N'ime oge 2008–09, Bayelsa manyere ịme egwuregwu ụlọ atọ n'Ibadan ka igwe mmadụ nwere nsogbu na derby ha na Ocean Boys. Mgbe ahụ na ezumike nke afọ ọhụrụ a kwụsịrị otu ahụ ka ọ ghara ịga n'ihu n'usoro nhazi egwuregwu ha n'agbanyeghị na ha nọ n'elu tebụl. Nke a bụ n'ihi ụgwọ na ụgwọ ọnwa pụtara. N'ime ihe ịtụnanya, otu a chụrụ onye ndụmọdụ teknụzụ Miekeme Fekete ozugbo ka ndị otu ahụ na-eme njem na Brazzaville iji gbaa bọọlụ CAF Confederation Cup. Ha meriri asọmpị Premier Naijiria nke mbụ ka ha gbachara 2–2 na Warri Wolves F.C. na June 14, na-eme ka ha ruo eruo maka 2010 CAF Champions League. Otú ọ dị, ememe ahụ dara jụụ mgbe ndị ohi gburu onyeisi ụgbọ mmiri Abel Tador awa ole na ole ka egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị.

== Afọ 2009/10 ==
Na Jenụwarị 2010, gọọmentị Bayelsa Steeti kwuru na ha na-achọ nkwado onwe onye iji weghara ndị otu ahụ. E wepụrụ ha na ngwụcha oge ahụ site na otu akara mgbe ha meriri atọ n'ime egwuregwu anọ ikpeazụ ha ma chụpụ ha ka ha gbaa egwuregwu n'ụlọ na [[Kano]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/dethroned-nigeria-champions-bayelsa-united-relegated/525911|title=Dethroned Nigeria champions Bayelsa United relegated|date=July 8, 2010|work=Kick Off|accessdate=December 6, 2019|archivedate=December 6, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206095913/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/dethroned-nigeria-champions-bayelsa-united-relegated/525911}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha mere mkpesa maka mwepụ ahụ, na-azọrọ na a gaara enye akara atọ site na egwuregwu a gbahapụrụ na Bauchi mgbe ndị otu Wikki Tourists hapụrụ egwuregwu ahụ. Mgbe ọtụtụ ọnwa nke ikpe ụlọ ikpe (na mmụba nwa oge nke league ruo ìgwè 24), e gosipụtara mwepụ ha na Septemba 2010.

== Oge 2011 ==
Nsogbu ego kpaghasịrị nloghachi Bayelsa na ngalaba nke abụọ. Ha hapụrụ ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu ka ha pụọ n'efu na mbido oge ahụ n'ihi akwụghị ụgwọ. N'ọnwa Mee afọ 2011, ha kwụsịrị asọmpi FA nke steeti ha ma mee ngagharị iwe n'ụlọ gọọmentị Bayelsa Steeti n'ihi akwụghị ụgwọ, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ na-alaghachi afọ abụọ na aha ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/bayelsa-united-players-barricade-government-house-over-unpaid-wages/530864|title=Bayelsa United players barricade Government House, over unpaid wages|date=May 10, 2011|work=Kick Off|accessdate=December 6, 2019|archivedate=December 6, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206100146/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/bayelsa-united-players-barricade-government-house-over-unpaid-wages/530864}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ahụ, ha nọ n'elu tebụl na National League Division 1-B.

== Oge 2012 ==
Ha meriri ndị otu itoolu ha iji merie nkwalite laghachi na Premier League ma bụrụ nke abụọ na ndị na-asọmpi Nembe City F.C. na asọmpi Super Four nke Naịjirịa. E wepụrụ ha mgbe ha mechara n'ọkwa ikpeazụ n'afọ 2015.

* '''Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria: 1'''

:: 2009.

* '''Nigeria FA Cup: 1'''

:: 2021.

* '''Super Cup nke Naịjirịa: 1'''

:: 2009.

== Ọrụ na asọmpi CAF ==

* '''CAF Confederation Cup: 1 mpụta'''

:: 2009 - Ọkara nke ikpeazụ&amp;nbsp;

* '''CAF Champions League: 1 mpụta'''

:: 2010 - Nzọụkwụ Mbụ&amp;nbsp;

== Ndị bụbu ndị isi nchịkwa ==

*[[w:|Alphonsus Dike]]
*[[w:|Jossy Dombraye]]
*[[w|:Ladan Bosso]]
*[[w|Richard Bubagha]]

*[[w:|Kali Gwegwe]]
*[[w:|Henry Nwosu]]

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140301053751/http://www.bayelsaunited.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ otu] (echekwara na 1 Machị 2014) 
* Bayelsa United FC Nsonaazụ - nsonaazụ dị ugbu a nke egwuregwu Bayelsa UnitedFC
* [http://&amp;#x3C;i&amp;#x20;id= AllAfrica.com/stories/200912310315.html&quot; id=&quot;mwow&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;Bayelsa, Ocean Boys maka ire ere] - AllAfrica.com&amp;nbsp;
* Bayelsa gbanwere ụgwọ N200m maka nnyefe n'efu. E debere ya na  Wayback Machine - ''KickoffNigeria.com''.&amp;nbsp;
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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  <page>
    <title>Apa United F.C.</title>
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        <username>Johnnybam</username>
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'''Apa United''' bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria. Ha na-egwu na Nigeria Amateur League Division Two . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gongnews.net/lobi-junnior-replaces-apa-united-in-nationwide-league/|title=Lobi Junnior replaces Apa United in NationWide League|accessdate=2016-09-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003072808/http://www.gongnews.net/lobi-junnior-replaces-apa-united-in-nationwide-league/|archivedate=2016-10-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruo n'afọ 2012, ha na-egwuri egwu na ngalaba nke abụọ nke Nigerian National League [1] na afọ abụọ na atọ na Nigerian Premier League, ruo May 2015. Ha na-adabere na Otukpo na 1,000 Otukpo Township Stadium. Enwere atụmatụ maka ama egwuregwu ọzọ.

== Edensibia==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Crown F.C.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2558" sha1="pvn5mdu469mui9vm25c2ddklz3nltwu" xml:space="preserve">'''Crown Football Club''' bụ otu klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ndị ọkachamara nke Naijiria nke dị na Ogbomosho, Oyo State, nke na-asọmpi na Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa. Klọb ahụ na-egwu na Lekan Salami Stadium, nke nwere ike ịba mmadụ 10,000. Maka oge 2010-11 ha gbara egwuregwu ụfọdụ na Ilaro Stadium dị nso na Ogun State wee laghachi na 2012/2013 na Soun Stadium.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E hiwere ha na 1994 site n'aka Rev. Prọfesọ Yusuf Ameh Obaje, onye prọfesọ mahadum, pastọ na onye bụbu minista Olusegun Obasanjo. Ndị isi ha na-asọ mpi bụ ndị agbata obi Oyo Shooting Stars F.C. nke Ibadan. Esemokwu dị n'etiti ha abụọ bịara sie ike mgbe 3SC laghachiri na National League Nigeria na 2006. Na nzukọ 13 ruo 2011, 3SC nwere ndekọ 9-2-2. Crown nwetara nkwalite na Premier League maka oge mbụ mgbe ọ gụchara n'isi nke 2010 Division 1B. A chụpụrụ ha na National League ka otu oge gachara na naanị iri na otu meriri.

== Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru ==

* '''Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa: 1'''

:: 2009-10

== Ndị egwuregwu ama ama ==
**[[w:|Alexander Olasumbo Lawal]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://emmzysportsportroom.webnode.com/l/meet-nnl-star-lawal-olasunmbo-alexande/|title=MEET NNL STAR LAWAL OLASUNMBO ALEXANDE :: Emmzysportsportroom|accessdate=2023-10-13|archivedate=2021-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303140249/https://emmzysportsportroom.webnode.com/l/meet-nnl-star-lawal-olasunmbo-alexande/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
**[[w:|Ibrahim Olanrewaju|Ibrahim Obayomi]]
**[[w|Abdulwaheed Afolabi]]
**[[w|flagicon|Nigeria]] [[w:|Peter Michael (footballer)|Peter Godly Michael]]

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130922232459/http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/home/131666-abia-warriors-fc-taraba-crown-join-giwa-in-glo-premier-league Abia, Taraba, Crown FC sonyeere Giwa na Glo Premier League (Nigerian Guardian)]
* [http://www.compassnews.net/Ng/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=32829:crown-fc-red-hot-for-pro-league&amp;catid=41:football&amp;Itemid=673 Crown FC red hot maka pro-league (http://www.compassnews.net)]  
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120229174955/http://www.tribune.com.ng/index.php/sports/6088-crown-management-debunks-sack-story Crown Management Debunks Sack Story (29 Mee 2010)]
* [https://naijaligue.blogspot.com/2010/08/premier-league-newcomers-battle-for-nnl.html Ndị ọhụrụ Premier League Agha maka NNL Title]
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    <title>Calabar Rovers FC</title>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Ndị Rọvar Calabar
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Calabar_Rovers_F.C._logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha zuru ezu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Klọb bọọlụ Calabar Rovers
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1976 (e guzobere ya ọzọ na 2008) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[U. J. Esuene Stadium]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |25,000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye isi oche
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Maurice Inok
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye njikwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |[[Bob Osim]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria National League|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #0000ff;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Agba ụlọ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}[[Calabar]] Rovers Football Club bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria nke dị na Calabar . Ha na-egwu egwuregwu ha na [[U. J. Esuene Stadium]].

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E hiwere klọb ahụ na 1976. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=History of Calabar Rovers Football Club|url=https://roversfc.sitesng.com/en_History.html|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=roversfc.sitesng.com|archivedate=2022-12-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209132045/https://roversfc.sitesng.com/en_History.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Ngalaba nke Abụọ nke Naijiria nke e guzobere na 1979. N'okpuru onye nkuzi Brazil bụ Paulo Luiz Campos, ha nabatara ụdị ngwa ngwa ma bulie ha n'ọkwa mgbe ha mechara nke abụọ na 1981.

Ha nọrọ n'elu ụgbọ elu ruo ihe dị ka afọ iri tupu e wepụ ha na league dị ala na 1993. N'oge ahụ, ha mere ọkara ikpeazụ Iko FA Cup ugboro abụọ mana ha enwetaghị nnukwu otuto ọ bụla. Egwuregwu ikpeazụ ha bụ mmeri 13-0 na [[Akwa United F.C.|Akwa United]] na August 12, 2006. N'ịbụ ndị a mara ikpe ịlaghachi na Njikọ Amateur nke Nigeria, Rovers nwere ndị egwuregwu atọ a chụpụrụ na mgbawa nke nyere Akwa ohere ka a kwalite ya na Premier League site na ọdịiche dị iche iche nke otu. Rovers, n'aka nke ọzọ, gbasara mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị.

=== Ịlaghachi na Njikọ Naijiria ===
N'ime ọnwa Mee 2008, gọọmentị Cross River steeti kwupụtara atụmatụ ịtụte ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ site na nkwụsịtụ site na nkwado ụlọ ọrụ. Site na nkwado nke United Cement Company (UNICEM), ha bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwado na Dankat FC nke Kano maka nde naira iri na abụọ ka ha gwuo na 2008–09 Nigerian Premier League. Ebe ọ bụ na klọb ahụ na Dankat nwetakwara otu egwuregwu, ha na-egwu oge mbụ ha na Northern Division A. UNICEM gbara ọgbakọ ahụ maka oge ise na-esote. Maka akụkụ nke oge 2009, ha na-egwuri egwu na Uzo Township Stadium mgbe a na-arụzi Stadium Esuene maka 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup.

== Ndị njikwa ==

* [[Dorian Marin]] (2017-19) 
* [[Bob Osim]] (2019-) 

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080417205915/http://www.brasileiroslafora.com.br/paulocampos.html Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị Paulo Campos] (echekwara na 17 Eprel 2008) 
* Calabar Rovers atụmatụ ịlọghachi (echekwara 31 Ọgọst 2021) 
* [http://www.guardiannewsngr.com/sports/article20//indexn3_html?pdate=090708&amp;ptitle=Rovers%20FC%20resurrects%20as%20Unicem-Rovers%20FC&amp;cpdate=090708 Rovers FC bilitere dị ka Unicem-Rovers FC]
* [http://www.guardiannewsngr.com/sports/article20//indexn3_html?pdate=010908&amp;ptitle=Rovers%20will%20bounce%20back,%20says%20Osim&amp;cpdate=010908 Rovers ga-alaghachi azụ, Osim na-ekwu] 
* &quot;Anyị kwesịrị isi ihe&quot;-Rovers (echekwara 22 February 2013) 
* [http://www.pioneerng.com/article.php?title=Unicem_Rovers_Defeat_Mighty_Jets&amp;id=3303 UNICEM Rovers meriri Mighty Jets]
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Ndị Rọvar Calabar
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Calabar_Rovers_F.C._logo.png|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha zuru ezu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Klọb bọọlụ Calabar Rovers
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1976 (e guzobere ya ọzọ na 2008) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[U. J. Esuene Stadium]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |25,000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye isi oche
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |Maurice Inok
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye njikwa
| class=&quot;infobox-data agent&quot; |[[Bob Osim]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria National League|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding: 0; background: #fff; color:#000; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;&quot; |
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;padding:0&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_left_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú|Team colours]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_body.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_right_arm.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #0000ff;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_shorts.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF;color:inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kit_socks_long.svg|link=|alt=|élú]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;'''[[Kit (association football)|Agba ụlọ]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}[[Calabar]] Rovers Football Club bụ klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria nke dị na Calabar . Ha na-egwu egwuregwu ha na [[U. J. Esuene Stadium]].

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E hiwere klọb ahụ na 1976. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=History of Calabar Rovers Football Club|url=https://roversfc.sitesng.com/en_History.html|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=roversfc.sitesng.com|archivedate=2022-12-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209132045/https://roversfc.sitesng.com/en_History.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ so na Ngalaba nke Abụọ nke Naijiria nke e guzobere na 1979. N'okpuru onye nkuzi Brazil bụ Paulo Luiz Campos, ha nabatara ụdị ngwa ngwa ma bulie ha n'ọkwa mgbe ha mechara nke abụọ na 1981.

Ha nọrọ n'elu ụgbọ elu ruo ihe dị ka afọ iri tupu e wepụ ha na league dị ala na 1993. N'oge ahụ, ha mere ọkara ikpeazụ Iko FA Cup ugboro abụọ mana ha enwetaghị nnukwu otuto ọ bụla. Egwuregwu ikpeazụ ha bụ mmeri 13-0 na [[Akwa United F.C.|Akwa United]] na August 12, 2006. N'ịbụ ndị a mara ikpe ịlaghachi na Njikọ Amateur nke Nigeria, Rovers nwere ndị egwuregwu atọ a chụpụrụ na mgbawa nke nyere Akwa ohere ka a kwalite ya na Premier League site na ọdịiche dị iche iche nke otu. Rovers, n'aka nke ọzọ, gbasara mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị.

=== Ịlaghachi na Njikọ Naijiria ===
N'ime ọnwa Mee 2008, gọọmentị Cross River steeti kwupụtara atụmatụ ịtụte ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ site na nkwụsịtụ site na nkwado ụlọ ọrụ. Site na nkwado nke United Cement Company (UNICEM), ha bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwado na Dankat FC nke Kano maka nde naira iri na abụọ ka ha gwuo na 2008–09 Nigerian Premier League. Ebe ọ bụ na klọb ahụ na Dankat nwetakwara otu egwuregwu, ha na-egwu oge mbụ ha na Northern Division A. UNICEM gbara ọgbakọ ahụ maka oge ise na-esote. Maka akụkụ nke oge 2009, ha na-egwuri egwu na Uzo Township Stadium mgbe a na-arụzi Stadium Esuene maka 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup.

== Ndị njikwa ==

* [[W: |Dorian Marin]] (2017-19) 
* [[Bob Osim]] (2019-)

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080417205915/http://www.brasileiroslafora.com.br/paulocampos.html Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị Paulo Campos] (echekwara na 17 Eprel 2008) 
* Calabar Rovers atụmatụ ịlọghachi (echekwara 31 Ọgọst 2021) 
* [http://www.guardiannewsngr.com/sports/article20//indexn3_html?pdate=090708&amp;ptitle=Rovers%20FC%20resurrects%20as%20Unicem-Rovers%20FC&amp;cpdate=090708 Rovers FC bilitere dị ka Unicem-Rovers FC]
* [http://www.guardiannewsngr.com/sports/article20//indexn3_html?pdate=010908&amp;ptitle=Rovers%20will%20bounce%20back,%20says%20Osim&amp;cpdate=010908 Rovers ga-alaghachi azụ, Osim na-ekwu] 
* &quot;Anyị kwesịrị isi ihe&quot;-Rovers (echekwara 22 February 2013) 
* [http://www.pioneerng.com/article.php?title=Unicem_Rovers_Defeat_Mighty_Jets&amp;id=3303 UNICEM Rovers meriri Mighty Jets]
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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    <title>Doma United F.C.</title>
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      <text bytes="3271" sha1="5camacj6x7j1uub1ith073cyv62wwmb" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Doma United
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Doma_United_F.C._logo.jpg|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha zuru ezu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Doma United Football Club
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha njirimara
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |''Agụ Savannah''
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1994
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[Pantami Stadium|Ogige Egwuregwu Pantami]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |12,000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye nwe ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Suleiman Umar
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria Premier League|Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |[[2023–24 Nigeria Professional Football League|2023–24]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Nke iri na asatọ n'ime iri abụọ (nke e wepụrụ) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |domaunitedfc.com
|}
 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}'''Doma United Football Club''' bụ klọb bọọlụ Naijiria nke dị na mpaghara Doma na [[Gombe]] . Kemgbe ọ nwetara nkwalite na 2022, klọb ahụ na-egwu na Nigeria Premier League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Doma United Reaffirm its commitment to playing in next season's NPFL|url=https://www.nigfooty.com/2022/07/doma-united-reaffirm-its-commitment-to.html|accessdate=2023-06-08|archivedate=2023-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526213911/https://www.nigfooty.com/2022/07/doma-united-reaffirm-its-commitment-to.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Azubuike|first=Chima|date=2022-12-31|title=NPFL: Doma not pushovers, insists owner Umar|url=https://punchng.com/npfl-doma-not-pushovers-insists-owner-umar/|accessdate=2023-06-08|work=[[The Punch]]|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E hiwere klọb ahụ na 1994 wee nọrọ ọtụtụ oge na asọmpi ndị dị ala tupu ọ nweta nkwalite na Premier League na 2022.

Ha gụchara 5th na Group B na oge izizi ha n'ọkwa elu, na-efunarị na super six.

== Ndị otu dị ugbu a ==
Ndepụta ndị otu maka oge 2023-24. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://domaunitedfc.com/first-team-players|title=First team players|work=domaunitedfc|accessdate=8 June 2023|archivedate=17 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717054204/https://domaunitedfc.com/first-team-players/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[w:nigerian|premier League]]

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.flashscore.com.ng/team/doma-united/Eq7PxH3d/results/ Nsonaazụ Doma United FC] - nsonaazụ dị ugbu a nke egwuregwu Doma United FC
[[Otú:Ȯra Gombe]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3272" sha1="d5xt04ss2ykw0mfwfwkg48or8kw12ma" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
|+ class=&quot;infobox-title fn org&quot; id=&quot;6&quot; |Doma United
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Doma_United_F.C._logo.jpg|frameless]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha zuru ezu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Doma United Football Club
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Aha njirimara
| class=&quot;infobox-data nickname&quot; |''Agụ Savannah''
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1994
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ala
| class=&quot;infobox-data label&quot; |[[Pantami Stadium|Ogige Egwuregwu Pantami]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ikike
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |12,000
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Onye nwe ya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Suleiman Umar
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nigeria Premier League|Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |[[2023–24 Nigeria Professional Football League|2023–24]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Nke iri na asatọ n'ime iri abụọ (nke e wepụrụ) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; text-align:left&quot; |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |domaunitedfc.com
|}
 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}'''Doma United Football Club''' bụ klọb bọọlụ Naijiria nke dị na mpaghara Doma na [[Gombe]] . Kemgbe ọ nwetara nkwalite na 2022, klọb ahụ na-egwu na Nigeria Premier League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Doma United Reaffirm its commitment to playing in next season's NPFL|url=https://www.nigfooty.com/2022/07/doma-united-reaffirm-its-commitment-to.html|accessdate=2023-06-08|archivedate=2023-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526213911/https://www.nigfooty.com/2022/07/doma-united-reaffirm-its-commitment-to.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Azubuike|first=Chima|date=2022-12-31|title=NPFL: Doma not pushovers, insists owner Umar|url=https://punchng.com/npfl-doma-not-pushovers-insists-owner-umar/|accessdate=2023-06-08|work=[[The Punch]]|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E hiwere klọb ahụ na 1994 wee nọrọ ọtụtụ oge na asọmpi ndị dị ala tupu ọ nweta nkwalite na Premier League na 2022.

Ha gụchara 5th na Group B na oge izizi ha n'ọkwa elu, na-efunarị na super six.

== Ndị otu dị ugbu a ==
Ndepụta ndị otu maka oge 2023-24. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://domaunitedfc.com/first-team-players|title=First team players|work=domaunitedfc|accessdate=8 June 2023|archivedate=17 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717054204/https://domaunitedfc.com/first-team-players/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[w:|Nigerian premier League]]

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.flashscore.com.ng/team/doma-united/Eq7PxH3d/results/ Nsonaazụ Doma United FC] - nsonaazụ dị ugbu a nke egwuregwu Doma United FC
[[Otú:Ȯra Gombe]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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    <title>Osa Guobadia</title>
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'''Osa Guobadia''' (amụrụ na 1 June 1987), nke a maara nke ọma site na aha njirimara ya bụ '''Ice-Cream''', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Osa Guobadia Returns From Suspension:: All Nigeria Soccer - The Complete Nigerian Football Portal|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=13589|accessdate=2021-06-25|work=www.allnigeriasoccer.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba n'ebe ọ bụla gafere n'ihu.

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ gbasịrị bọọlụ na SV Pasching na Bundesliga nke Austria, Guobadia nwere obere oge na klọb ndị ọzọ dị na Austria, dịka FC Wels, SC Schwanenstadt na ASV St. Marienkirchen.

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2008, ọ kwagara Macedonia, wee banye aka na otu egwuregwu Macedonia First League nke FK Makedonija Gjorče Petrov. Mgbe oge abụọ gachara, ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa, ọ na-egwuri egwu otu afọ na Kaduna United F.C. na Nigeria Premier League, tupu ọ laghachi Macedonia oge a, ya na otu egwuregwu ọzọ dị elu, FK Vardar..

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''FK Makedonija GP'''

* Njikọ Mbụ nke Masedonia: 2008-092008–09

'''FK Vardar'''

* Njikọ Mbụ nke Masedonia: 2011-122011–12

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Osa Guobadiana WorldFootball.net
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121002211123/http://guardian.touch-line.com/StatsCentre.asp?CTID=57&amp;CPID=120&amp;TEID=1403&amp;PLID=198441&amp;pStr=Player Profaịlụ na Guardian's Stats Centre]
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dosu Joseph</title>
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      <text bytes="3358" sha1="bx5tzcn3lk6mrnehz0pzdzmhkh2nyh8" xml:space="preserve">'''Joseph Dosu''' (amụrụ na 19 June 1973) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 February 2022|title=Peller Cup: Dosu Joseph woos young talents with Europe trials|url=https://punchng.com/peller-cup-dosu-joseph-woos-young-talents-with-europe-trials/|accessdate=6 April 2023|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dosu Joseph backs Dessers to be given another Nigeria opportunity {{!}} Goal.com Nigeria|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/dosu-joseph-backs-dessers-to-be-given-another-nigeria-opportunity/blt1f90ca9a50940d57|accessdate=6 April 2023|work=www.goal.com|language=en-NG}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Dosu nyeere Julius Berger aka imeri iko FA nke Naịjirịa na Nọvemba 1996, site n'idebe akara ya n'asọmpi ikpeazụ megide Katsina United. Ọrụ ya kwụsịrị ozugbo mgbe ihe mberede ụgbọala dị njọ mere na Lagos na 1997, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara inwe ike ime ka ọ daa mbà.

Mgbe 1996 Olympics gasịrị, Dosu bịanyere aka na Serie A club Reggiana. O nweghị mmetụta na [[Italy|Ịtali]] ma manye ya ịla ezumike nká mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na atọ, n'ihi ihe mberede ụgbọala na-akwụsị ọrụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120704203852/http://www.punchng.com/sports/i-was-determined-not-to-be-a-liability-to-my-family-joseph-dosu/ I was determined not to be a liability to my family – Joseph Dosu] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704203852/http://www.punchng.com/sports/i-was-determined-not-to-be-a-liability-to-my-family-joseph-dosu/ |date=4 July 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Ọ bụ naanị onye ọkpụkpọ nọ n'ụlọ a gụnyere na ndị otu egwuregwu Olympic nke Naijiria na 1996, ebe n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ onye na-enweghị ahụmahụ n'ime ndị na-edebe goolu atọ ahụ mechara bụrụ onye na-edebe ihe mbụ nke otu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/sports/2008/july/30/sports-30-07-2008-001.htm Dream Team 'll pull surprises – Dosu]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe o nwetasịrị Gold na Super Eagles na 1996 Olympic, ọ gara n'ihu na-egwu egwuregwu mba atọ ọzọ maka Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{NFT player|id=14760}}&lt;/ref&gt;  N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1996 FIFA World Cup qualifiers megide Burkina Faso, nke Super Eagles meriri 2-0 na Lagos. Egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Morocco na Disemba 1996, ebe ọ nọgidere na-enweghị akwụkwọ ọzọ, na FIFA World Cup qualifier megide Kenya na Jenụwarị 1997. Egwuregwu ahụ megide Kenya nke gwụrụ na 1-1 draw, bụ egwuregwu ikpeazụ ya maka Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{FIFA player|156905}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ nkuzi ==
Ọ malitere ọrụ nkuzi ya n'afọ 2009 dị ka onye isi nchịkwa site na Westerlo Football Academy nke dị na Lagos.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071657/http://mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/news/2011/oct/26-academy-team-shock-dream-team.html Dream Team ace Ayo Saka against match winner Hafiz Aremu Wednesday] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071657/http://mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/news/2011/oct/26-academy-team-shock-dream-team.html |date=4 March 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Ihe edeturu ==
{{Reflist}}
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  <page>
    <title>Peter Taiye Oladotun</title>
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'''Peter Taiye Oladotun''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Peter Taiye Oladotun.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 6 Disemba 1985 na Lagos) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] na Lija Athletic F.C. na Maltese First Division.

Ọ na-egwuri egwu na klọb Serbia FK Radnički Jugopetrol (Belgrade), FK Bežanija, FK PKB Padinska Skela na FK Radnički 1923 (Kragujevac), nke a maara n'oge ahụ dị ka Šumadija Radnički 1923, dịkwa na Montenegro, yana MK Rustıca, Croatia na MK Rustıca na Croatia. ya na NK Orijent (Rijeka), tupu ịkwaga Bosnia na Herzegovina na ịbanye na FK Sutjeska Foča.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120308071247/http://www.fksutjeskafoca.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=115:stie-oladotun-taiye-peter&amp;catid=1:sutjeska Sutjeska Foča] official website.&lt;/ref&gt;.  n'oge ọkọchị 2010 iji kpọọ na Njikọ nke Republika. N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2011 ọ kwagara Albania ka ya na KS Kamza na Superliga nke Albania mana mgbe naanị ọnwa 6 gasịrị ọ kwagara Malta site na ịbịanye aka na Marsaxlokk F.C. na Maltese Premier League.&lt;ref&gt;[https://int.soccerway.com/players/peter-oladotun/204174/ Peter Oladotun] at Soccerway&lt;/ref&gt; .  Na Jenụwarị afọ 2013 ọ sonyeere Lija Athletic F.C. na-egwu na Maltese First Division.

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Ebe ndị ọzọ e si nweta ya ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100204220432/http://www.fkradnicki.com/ekipa/napad/oladotun-taizae-peter/ Profaịlụ na foto] na FK Radnički 1923 ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
* Peter Taiye Oladotun na Srbijafudbal
* Statistics 2010-11 na BiHsoccer
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Penn Orji</title>
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&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/kerala-blasters-fc/squad/midfielder-10815-penn-orji-playerprofile|title=Penn Orji|publisher=Indian Super League|access-date=17 March 2015|archive-date=20 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420213104/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/kerala-blasters-fc/squad/midfielder-10815-penn-orji-playerprofile|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Penn Ikechukwu Orji''' (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1991) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa nke gbara bọọlụ ikpeazụ na Vasco na Goa Professional League dịka onye etiti etiti&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guardian Angel leave it late against dominant Vasco|url=https://khelnow.com/news/article/goa-pro-league-2018-19-guardian-angel-vasco-report|work=khelnow.com|accessdate=12 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Penn_Orji.jpg|thumb|Orji na East Bengal FC]]

== Edemsibia ==
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'''Pride in Lagos'''  bụ emume nganga LGBTQ a na-eme kwa afọ n’izu ikpeazụ nke ọnwa Juun na Lagos, Naịjirịa. E hiwere emume a n’afọ 2021 site n’aka QueerCity Media. Ọ bụ Olaide Kayode Timileyin guzobere ma na-ahụ maka njikwa ya. Emume a na-arụ ọrụ dịka ikpo okwu maka ime ka ndị mmadụ hụ ma mata obodo LGBTQ, iwulite mmekọrịta n’etiti ndị otu ya, ịkwado ikike ha, na ime emume, n’agbanyeghị ọnọdụ iwu na nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya siri ike. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dazed|date=2022-07-04|title=What it was like to attend Nigeria's Pride In Lagos event|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/politics/article/56473/1/the-inside-story-of-nigeria-s-first-ever-pride|accessdate=2025-06-29|work=Dazed|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wong|first=Hollie|date=2023-07-11|title=Pride in Lagos: Photos from Nigeria's 2023 LGBTQ+ celebration|url=https://www.gaytimes.com/originals/pride-in-lagos-photos-from-nigerias-2023-lgbtq-celebration/|accessdate=2025-06-29|work=GAY TIMES|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Admin|first=M. C. N.|date=2023-06-26|title=Adunni Tiwatope wants to build a community for queer people with Pride In Lagos|url=https://marieclaire.ng/adunni-tiwatope-wants-to-build-a-community-for-queer-people-with-pride-in-lagos/|accessdate=2025-07-03|work=Marie Claire Nigeria|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe omume ahụ adọtawo ọtụtụ narị ndị na-eme ihe na-enweghị isi kwa afọ ma na-eme ya n'usoro kemgbe 2021. Emume 2022 bụ emume mpako mbụ a nabatara n'ihu ọha na Naịjirịa, nke were izu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-06-11|title=Nigeria's repressed LGBTQ party people let 'true self' out at Lagos ball|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240611-nigeria-s-repressed-lgbtq-party-people-let-true-self-out-at-lagos-ball|accessdate=2025-06-29|work=France 24|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe gbara ya gburugburu ==
Na Naịjirịa, mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị, ngosipụta ịhụnanya n'ihu ọha n'etiti ndị nwoke na nwanyị otu, na òtù LGBTQ + bụ ndị omempụ n'okpuru Iwu Alụmdi na Nwunye (Mmachibido Iwu) nke 2014, nke na-ebu ntaramahụhụ ruo afọ 14 n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=|url=https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1250681/download|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404102814/https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1250681/download|archivedate=2022-04-04|accessdate=2025-07-01|work=www.justice.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'agbanyeghị ihere zuru ebe niile, omenala na-eme ihe n'okpuru ala anọgidewo na Lagos, gụnyere oghere gụnyere n'ime ejiji, obodo dijitalụ, na ihe nkiri ịgba egwú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Salako|first=Pelumi|date=23 June 2022|title=Pride month in Nigeria remains behind closed doors due safety and legal concerns|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/world/africa/2022-06-23-pride-month-in-nigeria-remains-behind-closed-doors-due-safety-and-legal-concerns/?utm_|work=Businesslive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Pride na Lagos malitere na June 2021 dị ka usoro ihe omume dị nro dị ka akụkụ, ihe nkiri, na ogbako iji kwalite ịdị n'otu na obodo, na-egosi otu n'ime ihe omume mpako ole na ole a haziri ahazi na Naijiria ruo ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Abiamuwe|first=Stephanie|title=The History of Pride: From Stonewall to Nigeria|url=https://www.ige-srh.org/the-history-of-pride-from-stonewall-to-nigeria/|accessdate=2025-07-03|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-07-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250703223047/https://www.ige-srh.org/the-history-of-pride-from-stonewall-to-nigeria/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na ụbọchị 20 ruo 26 Juun 2022, emume ahụ nwere ngosi nka, mkparịta ụka n’ọgbakọ , ngosi ejiji n’elu ikpo okwu , na emume mmechi nke drag na ballroom. Ndị haziri ya kọwara ya dịka “nke mbụ ụdị ya” n’ihe gbasara mgbasa ozi na mmetụta ọ nwere. O gosipụtara ndị a ma ama n’obodo queer dịka Aja Kween na Bisi Alimi, tinyere onye na-eme egwu Temmie Ovwasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wong|first=Hollie|date=2022-07-27|title=Pride In Lagos: Stunning photos from Nigeria's 'first of its kind' Pride|url=https://www.gaytimes.com/originals/pride-in-lagos-stunning-photos-from-nigerias-first-ever-pride-event/|accessdate=2025-07-03|work=GAY TIMES|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=For queer Nigerians, Pride celebrations mark hope and resilience|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2022/0623/For-queer-Nigerians-Pride-celebrations-mark-hope-and-resilience?utm_|accessdate=2025-07-03|work=Christian Science Monitor}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-01-09|title=Ballroom Celebrations Are a Bastion of Joy for LGBTQ Nigerians|url=https://www.thebody.com/article/nigeria-ballroom-bastion-joy-lgbtq-community|accessdate=2025-07-03|work=TheBody|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti afọ 2023, ihe omume ahụ enwetala ihe ngosi dị ukwuu, na ntinye aka ọha na eze ka ukwuu, nnọchiteanya ka ukwuu nke ndị na-emepụta ihe, na nkwenye nke ndị na'okpuru ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Opanuga|first=Jimisayo|date=2024-06-11|title=Nigeria's LGBTQ embraces 'true selves' at Lagos ball|url=https://guardian.ng/life/nigerias-lgbtq-embraces-true-selves-at-lagos-ball/|accessdate=2025-07-03|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Juun 2024, emume ahụ gụnyere nnukwu ụlọ ịgba egwú &quot;neo-goth&quot; iji cheta onye nwụrụ anwụ [[Fola Francis]], &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; onye mbụ na-eme ihe ngosi na-eme n'ihu ọha na Naịjirịa, onye nwụrụ na Disemba afọ 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kachi|first=Elvis|date=2024-04-17|title=How This Legendary Fashion Designer Mothered a Generation of Trans Nigerians|url=https://www.them.us/story/fola-francis-legendary-nigerian-designer-remembered-essay|accessdate=2025-07-03|work=Them|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sachdeva|first=Sahil|date=2024-06-20|title=Private Runways: Nigerian Fashion Labels Navigate Anti-LGBTQ Challenges - Level Up Magazine|url=https://levelupmag.com/private-runways-nigerian-fashion-labels-navigate-anti-lgbtq-challenges/|accessdate=2025-07-03|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ ahụ, e webatara Equality Summit &amp; Awards, nke gosipụtara akụkụ na nchekwa obodo, ike akụ na ụba, na nkwado ikike LGBTQ +.
[[Faịlụ:June_2025_Pride_in_Lagos_banner_-_Equality_Summit.jpg|thumb|Nzukọ panel na mpako nke 2025 na Lagos]]
Mbipụta 2025 gara n'ihu na omenala kwa afọ site na ịgba egwú nke emere na 27 June 2025. Ọ kwadokwara Nzukọ Ịha nhata na Bisi Alimi dị ka onye isi okwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What does it mean to organise a Pride in a country where you could face jail terms? B O L D N E S S What does it mean to organise Pride in a country with zero financial and/or corporate support? C O… {{!}} Bisi Alimi|url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/bisialimi_what-does-it-mean-to-organise-a-pride-in-activity-7341470415573213186-LKVG|accessdate=2025-12-11|work=www.linkedin.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omume ==
Ihe omume ndị a na-ahụkarị n'oge mpako na Lagos gụnyere:

* Symposia na mkparịta ụka panel banyere ikike ndị na-eme ihe ike, nchekwa obodo, ahụike uche, na inye ikike. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chioma about Pride in Nigeria|url=https://hivos.org/blog/chioma-about-pride-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2025-07-03|work=Hivos|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe ngosi nka, ihe nkiri, na ogbako na-egosi nkà na ụzụ nke Naijiria.
* Ihe omume ịgba egwú na drag dị ka &quot;The Grand Masquerade Ball&quot;, nke nwere isiokwu Afro-surrealist na ihe ngosi eji eme ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-07-05|title=What it was like to attend Nigeria's first-ever Pride event.|url=https://www.alturi.org/news_items/what-it-was-like-to-attend-nigerias-first-ever-pride-event/|accessdate=2025-07-03|work=Alturi|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sachdeva|first=Sahil|date=2024-06-20|title=Private Runways: Nigerian Fashion Labels Navigate Anti-LGBTQ Challenges - Level Up Magazine|url=https://levelupmag.com/private-runways-nigerian-fashion-labels-navigate-anti-lgbtq-challenges/|accessdate=2025-07-03|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ememe onyinye na nnọkọ netwọk iji bulie òtù na ndị enyi na-arụ ọrụ maka itinye LGBTQ +.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Aborowa|first=Ayomide &quot;Mimi&quot;|date=2024-12-09|title=In Lagos, Creative Identity Thrives in Community|url=https://www.cntraveler.com/story/in-lagos-creative-identity-thrives-in-community|accessdate=2025-07-03|work=Condé Nast Traveler|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchebe na nchekwa ==
N'iburu n'uche ihe mgbochi iwu nke Naijiria, a na-emekarị emume ahụ n'ebe nzuzo ma ọ bụ nke onwe, mara ọkwa n'oge na-adịghị anya. Ndị na-ahazi ihe na-etinye usoro nchebe dị ka nyocha ndabere na iwu na-enweghị foto maka nchebe ndị bịara. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndị LGBTQ na Naịjirịa

== Edensibia ==
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    <title>Okwukwe Maasai</title>
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'''Okwukwe Maasai''' bụ ozizi e dere n'afọ 1960 site n'aka ndị Maasai nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ mba Afrịka na ndị ozi ala ọzọ sitere na Nzukọ nke Mmụọ Nsọ . Mbipụta mbụ nke Okwukwe Maasai pụtara n' ime Fr. Vincent J. Donovan, &quot;Nweghachite Iso Ụzọ Kraịst&quot;, ebe Donovan na-akọ akụkọ banyere ọrụ ya n'etiti ndị Maasai nke ha ji zụlite nghọta nke Iso Ụzọ Kraịst.

== Ederede ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;Anyị kwere na otu Chineke kachasị di elu nke ịhụnanya, onye kere ụwa mara mma na ihe niile dị n'ime ya. O kekwara mmadụ ma chọọ ka mmadụ nwee obi ụtọ n'ụwa. Chineke hụrụ ụwa na mba na ebo niile dị n'ụwa n'anya. Anyị amatala Chineke a n' ime ọchịchịrị, anyị amatakwa Chineke ugbu a n' ìhè. Chineke kwere nkwa n'akwụkwọ ya na Baịbụl na ya ga-azọpụta ụwa na mba na ebo niile.

 Anyị kwenyere na Chineke mezuru nkwa ya nke ọma site n'izite nwa ya nwoke, Jizọs Kraịst, nwoke site n'anụ ahụ, onye Juu site n'agbụrụ, onye a mụrụ n'ogbenye n' ime obodo nta, onye hapụrụ ụlọ ya ma na-anọ mgbe niile na safari, na-eme ihe ọma, na-agwọ ndị mmadụ site n'ike nke Chineke, na-akụzi banyere Chineke na mmadụ, na-egosi na ihe okpukpe pụtara bụ ịhụnanya. Ndị nke ya jụrụ ya, taa ya ahụhụ ma kpọgide aka na ụkwụ ya n'obe, wee nwụọ. O dina n'ili, mana hyenas emetụghị ya aka, n'ụbọchị nke atọ o biliri n'ili. Ọ rịgoro n'eluigwe. Ọ bụ onyenweanyi.

 Anyị kwenyere na agbagharala mmehie anyị niile site n'aka ya. Ndị niile nwere okwukwe na ya aghaghị inwe mwute maka mmehie ha, e mee ha mmiri chukwu na Mmụọ Nsọ nke Chineke, bie ndụ dịka iwu ịhụnanya si dị ma kesaa achịcha ọnụ, iji kwusaa ozi ọma nye ndị ọzọ ruo mgbe Jizọs ga-abịa ọzọ. Anyị na-eche ya. Ọdindụ. Ọ dị ndụ. Nke a ka anyị kwenyere. Amen. &lt;ref name=&quot;CECColumbia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.christchurchcolumbia.org/parish-life/meditation-the-masai-creed/|title=Meditation: The Maasai Creed|author=Christ Episcopal Church|accessdate=|archivedate=2019-10-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015050958/https://www.christchurchcolumbia.org/parish-life/meditation-the-masai-creed}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

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'''Robert L. McGinnis''' bụ onye ọkà mmụta sayensị America, &lt;ref name=&quot;science&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/former-playwright-aims-turn-solar-and-wind-power-gasoline|title=This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline|date=2019-07-03|author=F. Service|first=Robert|publisher=Science}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye ọchụnta ego teknụzụ, na onye mepụtara ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ gụnyere Prometheus Fuels, &lt;ref name=&quot;MIT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/04/25/1050899/prometheus-fuels-startup-carbon-neutral/|title=This $1.5 billion startup promised to deliver clean fuels as cheap as gas. Experts are deeply skeptical|date=2022-04-25|author=Temple|first=James|publisher=MIT Technology Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mattershift &lt;ref name=&quot;uconn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://today.uconn.edu/2018/04/startup-develops-carbon-zero-fuels-uconn-partnership/|title=Startup Advances Carbon-Zero Fuels through UConn Partnership|date=2018-04-25|author=McBride|first=Jessica|publisher=UConn Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Oasys Water. [3] &lt;ref name=&quot;bloomberg1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-03-10/innovator-robert-mcginnis-of-oasys-water|title=Innovator: Robert McGinnis of Oasys Water|date=2011-03-10|author=Winter|first=Caroline|publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cnbc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/02/17/a-start-ups-that-solved-frackings-dirty-problem.html|title=A start-up that's solved fracking's dirty problem|date=2015-02-17|author=Zaleski|first=Andrew|publisher=CNBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka ọkà mmụta sayensị, a maara McGinnis nke ọma maka onyinye ya n’ụwa iwepụ nnu n’ime mmiri  na forward osmosis. Karịsịa, a na-enye ya otuto dịka otu n’ime ndị mepụtara ngwọta ịdọrọ mmiri  nke NH₃/CO₂ maka usoro iwepụ nnu n’ime mmiri nke forward osmosis (FO).&lt;ref name=&quot;wipo&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5buDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Rob+McGinnis+Yale+University&amp;pg=PA77|title=Patent Landscape Report on Desalination Technologies and the Use of Alternative Energies for Desalination - Rob McGinnis Yale University(p.77)|date=November 2011|publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization|isbn=978-92-805-2166-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;scispace&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://typeset.io/authors/robert-l-mcginnis-5fnc88miz6|title=Robert L. McGinnis' Contributions|publisher=SCISPACE|accessdate=2026-06-14|archivedate=2023-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218193040/https://typeset.io/authors/robert-l-mcginnis-5fnc88miz6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;shawnw&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.engineering.com/story/green-desalination-through-forward-osmosis|title=Green Desalination through Forward Osmosis|date=2013-10-28|author=Wasserman|first=Shawn|publisher=Engineering.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

McGinnis bụ onye isi na Prometheus Fuels, ụlọ ọrụ na-amalite teknụzụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke o guzobere na 2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;bloomberg2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-30/in-silicon-valley-the-quest-to-make-gasoline-out-of-thin-air|title=In Silicon Valley, the Quest to Make Gasoline Out of Thin Air|date=2019-04-30|author=Brustein|first=Joshua|publisher=Bloomberg}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MIT&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ==
Robert McGinnis gara Cabrillo College &lt;ref name=&quot;science&quot; /&gt; na [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]], ebe ọ nwetara nzere B.A. ya na Theater na 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;scw&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.santacruzworks.org/news/making-gasoline-out-of-thin-air|title=Making Gasoline Out of Thin Air|date=2019-11-26|author=Erickson|first=Doug|publisher=Santa Cruz Works}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bloomberg1&quot; /&gt; O mechara nweta nzere MS na [[Environmental engineering|Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi]] n'afọ 2007. N'ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum Yale, McGinnis gụsịrị Ph.D. ya na Injinia gburugburu ebe obibi na 2009; onye ndụmọdụ agụmakwụkwọ bụ Menachem Elimelech. E bipụtara ọrụ ya na edemede ya &quot;Ammonia - Carbon Dioxide Forward Osmosis Desalination and Pressure Retarded Osmosis&quot; na akwụkwọ akụkọ &quot;Desalination&quot; n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2005.  &lt;ref name=&quot;elimelech&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://elimelechlab.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/ResumeElimelech.pdf|title=Past Ph.D. Graduates - Robert McGinnis (p.8)|publisher=CURRICULUM VITAE of Menachem Elimelech}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencedirect&quot; /&gt;

McGinnis bụ onye agha nke U.S. Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD), ebe ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'oge Operation Desert Storm na-ewepụ ogbunigwe na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ọgbọ agha nke Persian Gulf.&lt;ref name=&quot;bloomberg1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;science&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ==
N'afọ 2002, e kenyere McGinnis ọrụ dị ka CTO na injinia nyocha na Osmotic Technologies Inc., (OTI), ụlọ ọrụ Yale University Incubator maka ịzụ ahịa nke osmosis desalination na ọgwụgwọ mmiri, nke mesịrị ghọọ ọrụ nnwale n'okpuru mmemme EUWP (Expeditionary Unit Water Purification Consortium). N'afọ 2006, McGinnis natara NSF-GRFP Graduate Research Fellowship site na National Science Foundation maka ọmụmụ Ph.D. ya n'okpuru nlekọta Menachem Elimelech, onye guzobere Yale's Environmental Engineering Program. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://seas.yale.edu/news-events/news/second-year-environmental-engineering-makes-us-news-top-10|title=For the Second Year, Environmental Engineering Makes The U.S. News' Top 10|author=|first=|date=|work=Yale School of Engineering &amp; Applied Science|language=en|accessdate=2017-07-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;elimelech&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://elimelechlab.yale.edu/news/american-chemical-society-environmental-chemistry-graduate-student-award-6|title=American Chemical Society Environmental Chemistry Graduate Student Award|publisher=Yale University: Elimelech Research Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọ nọ na Yale, mmasị nyocha sayensị McGinnis gụnyere mmepe usoro membrane ndị ike osmosis na-akwọ , imepụta membrane ọhụrụ, na iji membrane nke ọkwa nanometer eme nchọpụta . Isi ebe o lekwasịrị anya bụ mmepe na nhazi usoro forward osmosis na iji ya arụ ọrụ n’ezie, karịsịa n’ọrụ iwepụ nnu n’ime mmiri na usoro nhazi na ọgwụgwọ mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Robert-L-McGinnis-32296173|title=Robert L. McGinnis's research while affiliated with CUNY Graduate Center and other places}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kpọpụtala ọrụ ya n’akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị metụtara kemịstrị na teknụzụ gburugburu ebe obibi. McGinnis so kwa mepụta ihe ọnụ n’ihe karịrị patent 20 e nyere ikike n’ụwa membrane, ike, iwepụ nnu n’ime mmiri , na nanoteknụzụ site n’aka Ụlọ Ọrụ Patent na Akara Ahịa nke United States. N’afọ 2018, McGinnis nwetara ihe nrite AIChE Innovator Award for Innovation in Chemical Engineering Education, nke American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) nyere, maka ọhụụ na mmepe ọhụrụ n’agụmakwụkwọ injinia kemịkal.&lt;ref name=&quot;science&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://patents.justia.com/inventor/robert-l-mcginnis|title=Patents by Inventor Robert L. McGinnis|publisher=Justia Patents}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aiche.org/community/bio/rob-mcginnis|title=Rob McGinnis|date=3 October 2018|publisher=American Institute of Chemical Engineers}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aiche.org/resources/publications/cep/2018/december/aiche-awards-review-2018|title=AIChE Awards in Review: 2018|date=27 November 2018|publisher=American Institute of Chemical Engineers|accessdate=14 June 2026|archivedate=5 July 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240705232943/https://www.aiche.org/resources/publications/cep/2018/december/aiche-awards-review-2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ azụmahịa ==

=== Oasys Water ===
Nnyocha nke usoro osmosis n'ihu na ụlọ nyocha Elimelech na Yale dugara n'ịmepụta Oasys Water na 2008, ụlọ ọrụ dị na Cambridge, Massachusetts, na ebumnuche bụ isi nke ime ka teknụzụ nke usoro desalination na-arụ ọrụ a na-akpọ osmosis engineered (EO) bụrụ nke azụmahịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;bloomberg1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2009/02/21/oasys-water-raises-10m-for-new-desalination-technology/|title=Oasys Water raises $10M for new|date=22 February 2009|publisher=Venture Beat|accessdate=14 June 2026|archivedate=4 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704115828/https://venturebeat.com/2009/02/21/oasys-water-raises-10m-for-new-desalination-technology/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wipo&quot; /&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere dị ka ọrụ mmalite teknụzụ Yale.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/forward-osmosis-can-a-startup-reverse-desalination-5735|title=Forward Osmosis: Can a Startup Reverse Desalination?|date=2009-02-17|author=Kanellos|first=Michael|publisher=Green Tech Media}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://xconomy.com/boston/2009/03/02/oasys-water-aims-to-make-desalination-cheap-enough-to-crack-mainstream-market-relieve-shortages/|title=Oasys Water Aims to Make Desalination Cheap Enough to Crack Mainstream Market, Relieve Shortages|date=2009-03-02|author=McBride|first=Ryan|publisher=Xconomy|accessdate=2026-06-14|archivedate=2022-12-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208222242/https://xconomy.com/boston/2009/03/02/oasys-water-aims-to-make-desalination-cheap-enough-to-crack-mainstream-market-relieve-shortages/}}&lt;/ref&gt; McGinnis duziri ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka CTO ruo n'afọ 2012. &lt;ref name=&quot;cnbc&quot; /&gt; N'ikpeazụ, Oasys Water wuru nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmiri ise na China  ma mesịa jikọta ya na ụlọ ọrụ Woteer Water Technology nke dị na Beijing. &lt;ref name=&quot;cnbc&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.waterworld.com/home/article/16203120/oasys-looks-to-sell-forward-osmosis-ip-as-cash-flow-dries-up|title=Oasys looks to sell forward osmosis IP as cash flow dries up|date=2017-12-05|author=Freyberg|first=Tom|publisher=WaterWorld}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mattershift ===
N’afọ 2013, McGinnis hibere Mattershift, ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ nke na-emepụta membrane carbon nanotube maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta molekul . Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gara n’ihu na-achọ ụzọ isi gbanwee CO₂ sitere n’ikuku ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ ọkụ, fatịlaịza, ọgwụ, na ihe owuwu ụlọ n’enweghị iji mmanụ fosil .Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, nke dị na mpaghara San Francisco Bay Area, bidoro ọrụ ya na University of Connecticut (UCONN) dịka akụkụ nke Mmemme Nkuzi na Nkwado Teknụzụ nke mahadum ahụ .

E bipụtara teknụzụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-eme ka carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes gbasaa ma nyochaa ya na Science Advances na Machị 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.greencarcongress.com/2018/03/20180310-mattershift.html|title=Mattershift scales up CNT membranes; potential for zero-carbon fuels for less than fossil|date=2018-03-10|publisher=Green Car Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Chemical Engineer nyochagharịrị nnyocha a na-emeghe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thechemicalengineer.com/news/carbon-nanotubes-could-make-carbon-zero-fuels-cheaper-than-fossil-fuels/|title=Carbon nanotubes could make carbon-zero fuels cheaper than fossil fuels|date=2018-03-15|author=Doyle|first=Amanda|publisher=The Chemical Engineer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Prometheus Fuels ===
McGinnis guzobere ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ ya ọzọ, Santa Cruz, California, Prometheus Fuels, mmalite ike na-emepụta ngwá ọrụ iji nyochaa CO&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;sub id=&quot;mw0w&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ikuku site na iji mmiri, ọkụ eletrik, na membrane nanotube iji mepụta mmanụ ụgbọala. Ọ malitere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na 2019 ma bụrụ onye isi oche kemgbe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Science Magazine July 2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Service|first=Robert F.|title=This former playwright aims to turn solar and wind power into gasoline|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/07/former-playwright-aims-turn-solar-and-wind-power-gasoline|work=[[Science (journal)|Science Magazine]]|language=en|date=3 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ahụ bụ otu n'ime abụọ ahọpụtara maka itinye ego na Machị 2019 site na Y Combinator mgbe arịrịọ incubator maka aro iji dozie mwepụ carbon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brustein|first=Joshua|title=In Silicon Valley, the Quest to Make Gasoline Out of Thin Air|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-30/in-silicon-valley-the-quest-to-make-gasoline-out-of-thin-air|work=Bloomberg.com|language=en|date=30 April 2019|quote=&quot;Y Combinator, a renowned early-stage investment firm, made a show of calling for new companies working on carbon removal.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ==

* Robert L. McGinnis; Kevin Reimund; Jian Ren; Lingling Xia na ndị ọzọ, ''Nnukwu polymer carbon nanotube membranes nwere oghere dị n'okpuru-1.27-nm'', na Science Advances, Mpịakọta 4, Mbipụta 3, 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Large-scale polymeric carbon nanotube membranes with sub–1.27-nm pores|journal=Science Advances|date=March 2018|volume=4|issue=3|doi=10.1126/sciadv.1700938|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.|pmid=29536038}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Robert L. McGinnis; Nathan T. Hancock; Marek S. Nowosielski-Slepowron; Gary D. McGurgan2, Ihe ngosi nke usoro desalination nke NH3/CO2 na-aga n'ihu na salinity brines dị elu, na Desalination Journal, Mpịakọta 312, 1 Machị 2013, Peeji 67-74 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916412006406|title=Pilot demonstration of the {{chem|NH|3}}/{{chem|CO|2}} forward osmosis desalination process on high salinity brines|journal=Desalination Journal|date=March 2013|volume=312|pages=67–74|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2012.11.032|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Robert L. McGinnis; Tzahi Y. Catha; Menachem Elimelech; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon na ndị ọzọ, Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes, na Desalination Journal, Mpịakọta 312, 1 Machị 2013, Peeji 31-38&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916412003657|title=Standard Methodology for Evaluating Membrane Performance in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes|journal=Desalination Journal|date=March 2013|volume=312|pages=31–38|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2012.07.005|author=Cath|first=Tzahi Y.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Robert L. McGinnis na Menachem Elimelech, Global Challenges in Energy and Water Supply: The Promise of Engineered Osmosis in Environ. Sci. Technol 2008, 42, 23, 8625-8629, 1 Disemba 2008&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Global Challenges in Energy and Water Supply: The Promise of Engineered Osmosis|journal=ACS Publications|date=December 2008|volume=42|issue=23|pages=8625–8629|doi=10.1021/es800812m|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.|pmid=19192773}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Robert L. McGinnis; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon; Menachem Elimelech, A novel ammonia-carbon dioxide osmotic heat engine for power generation, in Journal of Membrane Science, Mpịakọta 305, mbipụta 1-2, 15 Nọvemba 2007, Peeji 13-19 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376738807005844|title=A novel ammonia–carbon dioxide osmotic heat engine for power generation|journal=Journal of Membrane Science|date=November 2007|volume=305|issue=1–2|pages=13–19|doi=10.1016/j.memsci.2007.08.027|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Robert L. McGinnis; Menachem Elimelech, ''Ike achọrọ nke ammonia-carbon dioxide gaa n'ihu osmosis desalination'', na Desalination Journal, Mpịakọta 207, Mbipụta 1-3, 10 Machị 2007, Peeji 370-382 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916407000367|title=Energy requirements of ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis desalination|journal=Desalination Journal|date=March 2007|volume=207|issue=1–3|pages=370–382|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2006.08.012|author=McGinnis|first=Robert L.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Robert L. McGinnis; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon; Menachem Elimelech, Desalination by ammonia-carbon dioxide forward osmosis: Mmetụta nke ịdọrọ na inye nri na arụmọrụ usoro, na Journal of Membrane Science, Mpịakọta 278, Mbipụta 1-2, 5 Julaị 2006, Peeji 114-123 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376738805007982|title=Desalination by ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis: Influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance|journal=Journal of Membrane Science|date=July 2006|volume=278|issue=1–2|pages=114–123|doi=10.1016/j.memsci.2005.10.048|author=McCutcheon|first=Jeffrey R.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Robert L. McGinnis; Jeffrey L. McCutcheon na Menachem Elimelech, The Ammonia-Carbon Dioxide Forward Osmosis Desalination Process, in Water Conditioning and Purification, Jan 1, 2006 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://wcponline.com/2006/10/27/ammonia-carbon-dioxide-forward-osmosis-desalination-process/|title=Ammonia-Carbon Dioxide Forward Osmosis Desalination Process|journal=Water Conditioning and Purification|date=January 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Robert L. McGinnis; Jeffrey R. McCutcheon; Menachem Elimelech, A novel ammonia - carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process, in Desalination Journal, Mpịakọta 174, Mbipụta 1, 1 Eprel 2005, Peeji 1-11 &lt;ref name=&quot;sciencedirect&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916405000226|title=A novel ammonia—carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process|journal=Desalination|date=April 2005|volume=174|issue=1|pages=1–11|doi=10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.002|author=McCutcheon|first=Jeffrey R.}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMcCutcheonMcGinnisElimelech2005&quot;&gt;McCutcheon, Jeffrey R.; McGinnis, Robert L.; Elimelech, Menachem (April 2005). &lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-subscription&quot; title=&quot;Paid subscription required&quot;&gt;[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011916405000226 &quot;A novel ammonia—carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process&quot;]&lt;/span&gt;. ''Desalination''. '''174''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;1–&lt;/span&gt;11. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.002|10.1016/j.desal.2004.11.002]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Osmosis n'ihu
* Ịchụpụ nnu

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=t4ZIFUoAAAAJ&amp;hl=en Rob McGinnis na Google Scholar]
* [https://patents.google.com/?inventor=Robert+Mcginnis Google Patents - Onye mepụtara Robert L. McGinnis]
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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[[Faịlụ:Obaze_Oseloka.jpg|thumb|Oseloka Henry Obaze bụ onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye edemede. Onye bụbu onye ọrụ gọọmentị mba ụwa na United Nations, na onye bụbu onye otu Nigeria Diplomatic Service, ọ bụ onye nchịkwa ama ama, onye edemede na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ bụ onye na-eburu ọkọlọtọ nke Peoples Democratic Party maka ntuli aka Gọvanọ nke Anambra nke afọ 2017 nke e mere na Nọvemba 2017, ebe o mechara nke atọ.]]
'''Oseloka Henry Obaze (OHO) ''' {{Audio|Ig-Oseloka Henry Obaze.ogg|Listen}} (amụrụ na 9 Eprel 1955 na [[Ogidi, Anambra|Ogidi]], Nigeria) bụ nwa afọ Ochuche Umuodu na Anambra State, Nigeria. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya mba Naijiria, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, onye edemede na onye ọrụ United Nations lara ezumike nká nke jere ozi na nzukọ ahụ dị ka onye ọrụ gọọmentị mba ụwa n'etiti afọ 1991 na 2012. Tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ na United Nations, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ mba ọzọ (FSO) na Ngalaba [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] site na 1982-1991. Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na United Nations, Oseloka H. Obaze jere ozi dị ka Odeakwụkwọ nke Gọọmentị Steeti nke Anambra Steeti, Naịjirịa site na June, 2012 ruo June, 2015 n'okpuru onye bụbu Gọvanọ [[Peter Obi]]  [[Peter Obi|na onye bụbu Gọvanọ]] [[Willie Obiano]] . 

N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2016, Oseloka Obaze kwupụtara ebumnuche ya ịzọ ọkwa gọvanọ Anambra Steeti  n'okpuru Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), ma n'abalị 28 Ọgọst 2017, a họpụtara ya dịka onye na-ebu ọkọlọtọ pati ahụ. 

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Oseloka H. Obaze bụ nwa nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ isii Anthony Chukwunweike Obaze na Rosemary Omuluzua Obaze mụrụ. Nna ya, Anthony Obaze, bụ onye isi nchịkwa n’ọrụ gọọmenti ime obodo, ebe nne ya, Rosemary Obaze, bụ onye nkuzi. Ezinụlọ ahụ sitere na mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa. Ọ nọrọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na [[Onịchạ|Onitsha]], [[Ogidi, Anambra|Ogidi]], [[Aguata]], [[Umuahia]], na Uzuakoli, ebe nna ya jere ozi na Kansụl County dị iche iche. Ọ gara [[Amaka Boys|Christ the King College Onitsha]] a ma ama site na 1967 ruo 1973 (A kwụsịtụrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya n'oge na-adịghị anya n'ihi [[Nigerian Civil War|Agha Obodo Naijiria]]) na Dennis Memorial Grammar School na Onitsha &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2017-09-15|title=Take the Oseloka advantage|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/take-oseloka-advantage/|accessdate=2022-03-06|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; site na 1973 ruo 1974. Ọ gara Mahadum Nebraska Wesleyan na Mahadum nke Nebraska, ma na Lincoln, Nebraska, USA, ebe o nwetara nzere bachelọ na masta ya na sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmekọrịta mba ụwa.

== Ọrụ ọkachamara ==

=== Gọọmentị etiti nke Naịjirịa ===
Dị ka Onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ na Ngalaba Naịjirịa, Oseloka Obaze jere ozi nke mbụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mpụga, Grade VIII site na 1982 ruo 1983 wee bụrụ odeakwụkwọ nke atọ (ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị) site na 1983 ruo 1986 ma na Ministri nke ihe gbasara mpịakọta na Lagos. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke abụọ na onye enyemaka pụrụ iche (onye ndụmọdụ iwu) nye [[Joseph Nanven Garba|Major-General Joseph N. Garba]], na ikike ya dị iche iche dị ka onye nnọchi anya Naịjirịa na United Nations, 1987 ruo 1989; onye isi oche nke 44th United Nations General Assembly na onye nnọchianya Naịjirị site na 1989-1990. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Obaze jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ mbụ, Njikọ akụ na ụba abụọ na Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Nigeria)  na 1991. 

Ọ duziri ndị nnọchi anya Naijiria bụ ndị ya na onye bụbu onye isi ala South Africa Thabo Mbeki, na Gora Ebrahim, odeakwụkwọ Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na ''Nkwupụta UN banyere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, na ihe ndị na-emebi ya na Southern Africa''.

=== Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu ===
Oseloka H. Obaze sonyeere Secretariat nke United Nations na 1991 dị ka onye ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Ngalaba nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nchekwa (PSCA) na isi ụlọ ọrụ United Nations na New York ma tinye aka na mgbochi nkwurịta okwu na iwu udo mgbe esemokwu gasịrị. Dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ ya na UN, o nyere aka n'ịmepụta, idepụta na imecha akwụkwọ iwu na akụkọ nke Odeakwụkwọ ukwu UN n'oge ahụ Javier Perez de Cuellar na Nzukọ Ezumezu UN na Kansụl Nchebe UN. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ndị nnọchi anya pụrụ iche na ezigbo ọfịs nke odeakwụkwọ ukwu na Saịprọs (UNFICYP), na Zimbabwe na Northern Uganda na UNOCA, 1992 U.N. Electoral Observation Team na Angola UNAVEM II na Natal/Kwazulu South Africa na UNOMSA na 1994. Dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ ya na PSCA ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ iwu nye Prọfesọ [[Ibrahim Gambari]], mgbe ahụ U.N. Under Secretary-General for Political Affairs na okwu iwu metụtara Africa, U.N.- African Union (ebe ọ bụ onye otu Interdepartmental na Inter-Agency Task Force nke dere ma kwurịta nkwupụta UN-AU nke a bịanyere aka na Nọvemba 2006), Security Council isiokwu na sanctions panels, Security, Documentation na Electoral Assistance metụtara Africa gụnyere ịnọchite anya Under Secretary-gen na nzukọ-house na interdepartment. Ọ mepụtara nhọrọ iwu na nduzi na ụlọ ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị UN, na Somalia, Guinea Bissau, Central Africa Republic na West Africa UNOWA] na Under Secretary-General.

N'agbata afọ 2007 na 2012, Obaze rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye isi otu ndị isi na Secretariat nke Kansụl Nchebe, nke na-akwado ọrụ Kansụl Nchebe nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (UN). Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka odeakwụkwọ nke Ad Hoc Working Group on Conflict Prevention and Resolution in Africa  ma bụrụkwa onye nhazi njem maka ọtụtụ ọrụ na mmemme Kansụl Nchebe.

Tupu ọ hapụ ọrụ UN, Obaze jere ozi na U.N. National Competitive Examination Political Board, G to P Examination Board, Joint Appeals Board (JAB), na Central Review Committee (CRC). Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na UN Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) n’ime nyocha ya gbasara ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị pụrụ iche nke UN. Ọ nyere aka ma sonye na Kofi Annan Legacy For Africa Conference  nke UN na Mahadum Georgetown kwadoro n’ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2006.

Oseloka H. Obaze hapụrụ UN na 2012 iji soro Gọọmentị Anambra Steeti rụọ ọrụ ma [[Peter Obi]] họpụtara ya dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke Gọọmentụ Steeti.

=== Gọọmentị Anambra Steeti ===
Oseloka H. Obaze jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke itoolu nke Gọọmentị  nke Anambra Steeti site na 29 June 2012 ruo 8 June 2015 mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na United Nations. Chief Paul Odenigbo bu ya ụzọ ma Prọfesọ Solo Chukwulobelu nọchiri ya. Ọ bụ Gọvanọ Peter Obi họpụtara Obaze na mbụ ma mesịa bụrụ onye nọchiri Peter Obi, Gọvanor Willie Obiano họpụtara ya ọzọ na 17 Machị 2014 ebe ọ jere ozi ruo 8 June 2015.

Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya dịka Odeakwụkwọ Gọọmentị Steeti, Obaze jere ozi dịka Onye isi oche nke Board of Trustees nke Anambra State Flood Disaster Emergency Fund na Onye isi oche nke Anambra State Flood Disaster Council Committee. Ọ bụkwa onye nnọchi anya South East Zonal Review nke Iwu 1999 nke Naịjirịa, nke emere na 2012, yana Onye isi oche nke Anambra State Government Handover Committee na 2014. Obaze rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịlaghachi Alma mater ya [[Amaka Boys|Christ the King College Onitsha]] ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi ala ọzọ ndị ọzọ dị na Anambra State site na gọọmentị laghachi na ndị ozi ala ọzọ bụ ndị nwe ha na iwelite ihe karịrị N25 nde maka ọrụ mmelite na C.K.C. Onitsha.

== Nkwado ==
Mgbe ọ hapụrụ ọrụ gọọmentị na 2015, Obaze guzobere Selonnes Consult Ltd., ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka iwu, ọchịchị na njikwa, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye isi nchịkwa na onye isi njikwa. Site n'ọkwa ahụ, ọ gbara ọsọ maka ọkwa gọvanọ Anambra Steeti na 2017. Mgbe ọ nwesịrị mgbalị na-enweghị isi n'ọchịchị, ọ laghachiri n'ọrụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.

N'okwu iwu ọha na eze ya na UNIZIK na Febụwarị 2018, nke isiokwu ya bụ &quot;Akụnụba Ndọrọ Ndọrọ Ọchịchị nke Cattle Colony na Naịjirịa&quot;, ọ kọwara mmegbu na iji ohere na-ezighị ezi nke nnukwu uru akụ na ụba ehi dị na Naịjirịa.https://selonnes.com/2018/02/20/policy-brief-the-political-economy-of-cattle-colony-in-nigeria/

Receding, Emerging and Resurging Issues and Trends in the Security Sector &lt;nowiki&gt;https://selonnes.com/2019/06/20/policy-brief-6319-receding-emerging-issues-and-trends-in-the-sector/&lt;/nowiki&gt;[https://selonnes.com/2019/06/20/policy-brief-6319-receding-emerging-and-resurging-issues-and-trends-in-the-security-sector/ https://selonnes.com/2019/06/20/policy-brief-6319-receding-emerging-and-resurging-issues-and-trends-in-the-sector/]

Ndị Isi Naịjirịa na-akwado Enweghị Ntụkwasị Obi na Ọchịchị Onye Kwuo uche Ya [https://selonnes.com/2018/05/05/policy-brief-4718-nigerian-elite-indorse-democracys-uncertainties/ https://selonnes.com/2018/05/05/policy-brief-4718-Nigerian-elite-indorse-democracys-uncertainties/]

Mbelata Ọnụahịa nke Gọọmentị na Naịjirịa &lt;nowiki&gt;https://selonnes.com/2019/05/13/belata-ọnụahịa-ọchịchị-na-Nigeria/&lt;/nowiki&gt;[https://selonnes.com/2019/05/13/reducing-the-cost-of-governance-in-nigeria/ https://selonnes.com/2019/05/13/belata-ọnụ ego-ọchịchị-na-Nigeria/]

Akụ na ụba mmanụ Naịjirịa na-adọrọ mmasị site na Dissonance https://selonnes.com/2019/07/31/policy-brief-6519-nigerias-oil-economy-is-hobbled-by-dissonance/

Kụziere Ụmụaka nke ọma; Amụla Ha Nonsense https://selonnes.com/2018/11/17/teach-the-children-well-dont-teach-them-nonsense/

== Ndị otu ==
Onye otu, Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, https://niia.gov.ng/

Onye otu, Society for International Relations Awareness (SIRA) 

N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2020, a họpụtara Oseloka H. Obaze, onye otu Society for International Relations Awareness (SIRA), onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mba ọzọ na-eche na Afrịka, dịka onye isi oche, Kọmitii na-ahụ Maka Ọha na Eze nke Think Thank. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/12/sira-leading-foreign-relations-think-tank-gets-new-leadership/

== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Oseloka H. Obaze batara na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 2013 na steeti mgbe ọ na-azọ ọkwa gọvanọ nke Anambra Steeti n'okpuru [[All Progressives Grand Alliance|All Progressive Grand Alliance (APGA)]] mana pati ahụ wepụrụ ya na ndabere nke kaadị ndị na-eme ntụli aka. N'afọ 2016, ọ pụtara ọzọ n'asọmpi ahụ n'okpuru ndị isi na-emegide ya bụ Peoples Democratic Party ma kwupụta na ọ bụ onye na-ebu ọkọlọtọ nke pati ahụ n'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2017  iji sọọ mpi na ntuli aka gọvanọ nke steeti Anambra nke ndị Independent National Electoral Commission ga-eduzi.  N'akụkụ ikpeazụ nke afọ 2017 o bipụtara akwụkwọ iwu ọha na eze akpọrọ, &quot;Prime Witness&quot; na President Buhari's First Year in Office.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/12/19/obaze-publishes-prime-witness-on-buharis-first-year-in-office/|title=Obaze Publishes 'Prime Witness' on Buhari's First Year in Office - THISDAYLIVE|date=2017-12-19|accessdate=2018-05-17|language=en-US|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
Maazị Obaze bụ onye edemede na ode akwụkwọ nke akwụkwọ isii:

* Ihe nketa Joe Garba (2012);
* Regarscent Past - A Collection of Poems (2015);
* N'ebe a ka ọ na-eje ozi - Okwu Op-Eds, Essays na Advocacy for Good Governance (2016);
* Onye isi akaebe - Mgbanwe na ihe ịma aka iwu na Naịjirịa Buhari (2017).
* Ike nke Gọọmentị (2020) (&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.origami.com.ng/books/wepụ&lt;/nowiki&gt; ike nke gọọmentị/https://web.archive.org/web/20231130202025/https://www.origami.com.ng/books/waning-strength-of-government/
* Africa's Vision - A Second Anthology (2020) (https://web.archive.org/web/20231130202025/https://www.origami.com.ng/books/africas-vision-a-second-anthology/) 

O deela ọtụtụ edemede nkatọ gbasara iwu, okwu mba na nke mba ụwa. Ọ bụkwa onye otu Executive Advisory Board nke The New Diplomat Newspaper (Nigeria).

N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Nọvemba, 2020, Obaze kwuru okwu ncheta [[Chinụa Achebe|Chinua Achebe]] nke mbụ, nke akpọrọ &quot;Ọ bụrụ na ndị nwụrụ anwụ nwere ike ikwu, gịnị ka Achebe ga-ekwu maka Nọọchị Naịjirịa ugbu a?&quot; na mbipụta nke ise nke Chinua Achébe Literary Festival nke Society of Young Nigerian Writers (Anambra State Chapter) haziri nke emere na [[Óká|Awka]], Anambra State. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2020/11/19/achebe-resurrects-in-awka/|title=Achebe resurrects in Awka}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/293794/if-the-dead-could-speak-what-would-achebe-say-of-present-d.html|title=If the Dead Could Speak, What Would Achebe Say of Present Day Nigeria?}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://selonnes.com/2020/11/16/if-the-dead-could-speak-what-would-achebe-say-of-present-day-nigeria/|title=If the Dead Could Speak, What Would Achebe Say of Present Day Nigeria? – Selonnes Consult}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ kwupụtara okwu ncheta mbụ iji sọpụrụ onye edemede Naijiria kachasị elu, Late Prof. Chinua Achebe  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.igboradio.com/igbo-news/obaze-to-deliver-first-chinua-achebe-memorial-lecture-at-2020-literary-festival|title=Igbo Radio - Igbo News &amp;#124; News in Igbo Language|accessdate=2026-06-17|archivedate=2021-01-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122190545/https://www.igboradio.com/igbo-news/obaze-to-deliver-first-chinua-achebe-memorial-lecture-at-2020-literary-festival}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.creativewritingnews.com/anambra-young-writers-to-fete-achebe-90-with-literary-festival-memorial-lecture/|title=Anambra Young Writers to Fete Achebe @ 90 with Literary Festival, Memorial Lecture|date=14 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Osimiri Eiseb''', nke a makwaara dị ka Eiseb Omuramba, bụ osimiri na-asọ naanị n’oge ụfọdụ , ma ọ bụ omuramba, nke dị n’Ọzara Kalahari nke dị n’ọwụwa anyanwụ Namibia na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Botswana. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke usoro mgbapụta mmiri Eiseb–Epukiro, ma na-ebuga mmiri ya n’ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, n’ụzọ na-eduga n’akụkụ Okavango Delta.. &lt;ref name=&quot;ThomasShaw1991&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Thomas|first=David S. G.|title=The Kalahari Environment|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1991|isbn=9780521370806|url=https://the-eis.com/elibrary/sites/default/files/downloads/literature/The_Kalahari_Environment.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Osimiri a bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ fossil ma ọ bụ osimiri na-agbagwoju anya n'ebe ugwu Kalahari. Dị ka omiramba ndị ọzọ, ọ na-ebu mmiri n'elu naanị mgbe mmiri ozuzo gasịrị, ebe ala osimiri ya na ihe ndị metụtara ya dị mkpa maka mmiri dị n'okpuru ala, ịta nri, ebe obibi na iji mmiri eme ihe n'ógbè ahụ n'ebe ọkara mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobson1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jacobson|first=Peter J.|url=https://hydro-wiki.de/_media/en/projects/omaruru/1207_ephemeral-rivers-and-their-catchments.pdf|title=Ephemeral Rivers and Their Catchments: Sustaining People and Development in Western Namibia|publisher=Desert Research Foundation of Namibia|year=1995|isbn=9991670947|location=Windhoek|accessdate=16 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala ==
Osimiri Eiseb dị na Kalahari sandveld nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Namibia na ọdịda anyanwụ Botswana. A na-ejikọta ya na mpaghara Omaheke nke Namibia ma na-asọga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ime mpaghara mmiri Okavango sara mbara.&lt;ref name=&quot;ThomasShaw1991&quot; /&gt; Na ndepụta osimiri mba Namibia, a na-achịkọta Eiseb n'etiti osimiri na omiramba na-asọba na Okavango Delta. &lt;ref name=&quot;Strohbach2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Strohbach|first=Ben J.|year=2008|title=Mapping the major catchments of Namibia|url=https://hydro-wiki.de/_media/en/projects/omaruru/strohbach_2008.pdf|journal=Agricola|volume=18|pages=63–73|accessdate=16 June 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFStrohbach2008&quot;&gt;Strohbach, Ben J. (2008). [https://hydro-wiki.de/_media/en/projects/omaruru/strohbach_2008.pdf &quot;Mapping the major catchments of Namibia&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''Agricola''. '''18''': &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;63–&lt;/span&gt;73&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;16 June&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Osimiri ahụ bụ nke Eiseb-Epukiro, ọdọ mmiri dị n'etiti Eiseb na Epukiro. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ gbara Botswana gburugburu n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na-eru n'ebe ndịda gaa na Gobabis, ma kpuchie akụkụ nke mpaghara Omaheke na Otjozondjupa  nke Namibia.

A na-akpọ obodo dị nso nke Eiseb, nke a makwaara dị ka Eiseb Block, aha osimiri ahụ. Obodo a dị na Otjombinde Constituency nke Omaheke Region . &lt;ref name=&quot;NewEra2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=17 November 2015|title=Nguvauva wants Eiseb Block to be declared a constituency|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118135352/https://www.newera.com.na/2015/11/17/nguvauva-eiseb-block-declared-constituency/|accessdate=16 June 2026|work=New Era}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Omuramba ==
Eiseb bụ omuramba, okwu a na-eji na Namibia na Botswana maka osimiri oge ochie ma ọ bụ fossil na Kalahari. Omiramba na-akpakarị n'ọtụtụ oge n'afọ mana ọ nwere ike ijide mmiri n'elu mgbe nnukwu mmiri ozuzo gasịrị. Ha na-amịkarị mkpụrụ karịa ala dị larịị nke Kalahari n'ihi na ọwa ha nwere obere ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobson1995&quot; /&gt;

Omiramba dị na ugwu-ọwụwa anyanwụ Namibia na ugwu-ọdịda anyanwụ Botswana na-amalitekarị n’etiti Namibia ma na-asọga n’ebe etiti Botswana. A na-eche na ọtụtụ n’ime ha na-asọ ike karịa n’oge gara aga mgbe ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị mmiri mmiri karịa, ma n’oge ihu igwe ugbu a, ha na-asọ naanị mgbe ụfọdụ ma na-aga naanị obere ebe mgbe mmiri ozuzo gasịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobson1995&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Strohbach2008&quot; /&gt;

N'ebe ugwu Kalahari, osimiri fossil dị ka Eiseb, Epukiro, Omatako, Khaudom, Nhoma, Mpungu na Otjozondjou so n'ime isi ihe ndị na-akpaghasị ala ájá. Osimiri ndị a na pans ndị metụtara ya na-enwekarị ọsụsọ ma ọ bụ ụrọ dị mma ma nye ndị mmadụ, anụ ụlọ na anụ ọhịa mmiri n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma ọ bụ dị ka mmiri dị n'elu mgbe mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ site na olulu mmiri na-adịghị omimi.

== Ọdọ mmiri Eiseb-Epukiro ==
Ọdọ mmiri Eiseb-Epukiro bụ otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri Namibia. O nwere mpaghara elu nke 10,665 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; na atụmatụ mmiri kwa afọ nke ihe dị ka nde m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, ọkachasị site na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala.

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị mkpa n'ihi na mmiri dị n'elu ala anaghị arụ ọrụ, na-eme ka mmiri dị n&quot;okpuru ala bụrụ isi mmiri maka ebe obibi, anụ ụlọ na ihe ndị ọzọ a na-eji eme ihe. Usoro a bụ ihe atụ nke ọtụtụ Kalahari omiramba, ebe akara mmiri nwere ike ịcha n'elu ma ka dị mkpa dị ka mpaghara recharge, ebe mmiri na-adịghị omimi ma ọ bụ usoro alluvial nwere mmiri n'okpuru ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobson1995&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Simmonds2000&quot; /&gt;

A kpọtụrụ ọdọ mmiri Eiseb-Epukiro aha na nyocha mmiri sara mbara nke mpaghara Cubango-Okavango. Akụkọ njikọ maka Cubango-Okavango River Basin Water Audit chọpụtara ebe ịgba mmiri n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke Omatako Dam na n'akụkụ ọwụwa a nso Otjinene na Eiseb-Epukiro National Water basin.

== Geology na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala ==
Mpaghara ala dị ala nke Eiseb jikọtara na Eiseb Graben, nke bụ usoro mbibi ala dị n’ọwụwa anyanwụ Namibia. Ọrụ ọmụmụ geology e mere na mpaghara Gam gosiri na e nwere mmehie ala  na-agbagharị n’ụzọ ugwu-ọwụwa anyanwụ n’akụkụ ndịda Eiseb Omuramba, nke kwekọrọ na ugwu ájá  e si ebe ha kwaga, ma na-emetụta otú mmiri na-asọ taa .&lt;ref name=&quot;Simmonds2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Simmonds|first=A. L. E.|year=2000|title=Kalahari aquifers in the Gam area of north-eastern Namibia|url=https://mme.gov.na/files/publications/05a_Simmonds%20and%20Smalley_Kalahari%20aquifers_Gam.pdf|journal=Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia|volume=12|pages=469–474|accessdate=16 June 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSimmondsSmalley2000&quot;&gt;Simmonds, A. L. E.; Smalley, T. J. (2000). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250608141550/https://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/05a_Simmonds%20and%20Smalley_Kalahari%20aquifers_Gam.pdf &quot;Kalahari aquifers in the Gam area of north-eastern Namibia&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia''. '''12''': &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;469–&lt;/span&gt;474&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;16 June&lt;/span&gt; 2026&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Simmonds na Smalley kọrọ na a na-akọwa ihe owuwu ndị a dị ka mmejọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya na-emepụta mgbatị ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Okavango Delta graben. Na Namibia, a na-akpọ ihe owuwu a Eiseb Graben . &lt;ref name=&quot;Simmonds2000&quot;/&gt; Igwu ala n'etiti Eiseb Graben dị nso n'ókè Botswana gosipụtara na Kalahari sediments karịrị mita 250 n'ịdị arọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Simmonds2000&quot; /&gt;

Eiseb Graben dị ịrịba ama maka mmiri dị n'okpuru ala n'ihi na mmiri dị ala nke Kalahari nwere ike inye mmiri dị n n'okpuru mmiri n'akụkụ nke graben. Nnyocha na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Namibia egosila na nchọpụta mmiri dị n'okpuru ala n'ime nnukwu ala Kalahari nwere ike isi ike, nakwa na usoro igwu egwu na-emetụta nchọpụta na mmepe nke mmiri na-adịghị emepụta ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Simmonds2000&quot;/&gt;

== Okike na gburugburu ebe obibi na ojiji ala ==
Osimiri Eiseb dị n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi Kalahari sara mbara, ebe mmiri dị n'elu dị ụkọ na oge. Ala mmiri nke omiramba na-enye mpaghara ndị na-eme nri ma e jiri ya tụnyere ájá miri emi gbara ya gburugburu. Ndị mmadụ na anụ ụlọ na-eji ebe ndị a eme ihe ma nwee ike ịkwado ahịhịa na ịta nri n'oge mgbe sandveld gbara ya gburugburu anaghị arụpụta ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobson1995&quot; /&gt;

Na Northern Kalahari Woodlands nke Namibia, ọrụ ugbo na ịzụ anụ ụlọ bụ ihe dị mkpa iji ala eme ihe. A na-ejikarị mmiri ọṅụṅụ eme ihe site na aquifers ma jiri ya mee ihe maka ebumnuche ụlọ, ihe ọkụkụ, anụ ụlọ na anụ ọhịa. Ya mere, Eiseb na omiramba ndị metụtara ya bụ akụkụ nke isi mmiri maka ime obodo na ebe obibi ọzụzụ atụrụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Namibia.

== Njikwa mmiri ==
Njikwa mmiri na Eiseb-Epukiro basin na-adabere na nkụchi  nke mpaghara ahụ, mmiri elu na-asọ naanị mgbe ụfọdụ , na ịdabere ukwuu na mmiri dị n’ime ala . Atụmatụ njikwa akụrụngwa mmiri jikọtara ọnụ nke Namibia na-ele Eiseb-Epukiro anya dị ka otu basin pụrụ iche maka ebumnuche njikwa akụrụngwa mmiri.

Akwụkwọ atụmatụ ugbo na njikwa akụrụngwa mmiri Namibia nke oge a na-egosi na e nwere ọtụtụ basins, gụnyere Eiseb-Epukiro, ndị na-enwe nrụgide ma ọ bụ na-eche ihu nsogbu metụtara oke mmiri . A na-ejikọta nchegbu ndị a na mkpa sara mbara nke njikwa akụrụngwa mmiri jikọtara ọnụ , iji mmiri dị n’ime ala n’ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide , yana atụmatụ ala na mmiri nke na-eguzogide mgbanwe ihu igwe n’ime mpaghara kpọrọ nkụ nke Namibia.

== Mmekọrịta ya na usoro Okavango ==
Eiseb bụ akụkụ nke otu iyi na-agbanwe agbanwe na akara mmiri nke fossil jikọtara ya na Okavango Delta na Kalahari Basin. Okavango Delta bụ usoro mmiri dị n'ebe ugwu Botswana, ebe mmiri na-abanye na delta na-efu site na evapotranspiration na infiltration kama ịga n'oké osimiri.

N'adịghị ka osimiri Cubango-Okavango nke na-adị ndụ, Eiseb na-enye aka na usoro ahụ dị ka eriri mmiri mmiri Kalahari na-akwụsịtụ.  Ya mere a na-aghọta nke ọma dị ka usoro mmiri nke oge ma ọ bụ fossil dị n'ime mpaghara mmiri mmiri nke Okavango-Kalahari ka ukwuu karịa ka ọnyà na-aga n'ihu..&lt;ref name=&quot;ThomasShaw1991&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Strohbach2008&quot;/&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Omuramba
* Ọzara Kalahari
* Ndagwurugwu Kalahari
* Ọwara Okavango
* Ndepụta osimiri nke Namibia
* Ndepụta osimiri nke Botswana
* Mmiri na ịdị ọcha na Namibia

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Osimiri Orashi</title>
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'''Osimiri Orashi''' (nke a na-akpọkwa Urashi ma ọ bụ Ulasi), &lt;ref name=&quot;wedc.lboro.ac.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/conference/29/Mbajiorgu.pdf|title=A water quality study of Urashi river at selected locations|first=C. C.|author=Mbajiorgu|journal=29th WEDC International Conference Towards the Millennium Development Goals|date=2003|accessdate=May 13, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ osimiri nke ala Niger River, na isi iyi nke Oguta Lake, ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria. &lt;ref name=&quot;www.ccsenet.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jgg/article/view/29114|title=Impact of the 2012 Flood on Water Quality and Rural Livelihood in the Urashi Province of the Niger Delta, Nigeria|first=Prince Chinedu|author=Mmom|journal=Journal of Geography and Geology|volume=5|issue=1916–9779|date=2013|doi=10.5539/jgg.v5n3p216|accessdate=January 16, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceC&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://tours.logbaby.com/imo/content/attractions.html|title=The source of Urashi River|accessdate=May 20, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Urashi na-amalite site n'ugwu nkume ndị dị n'obodo Ezeama na Dikenafai, steeti Imo, n'ịdị elu ruru mita 183 (ụkwụ 600) karịa ọkwa oke osimiri. A na-akọwa iyi Orashi dịka isi iyi ndụ nye obodo ndị dị na Ideato South, n'ihi na ọ na-eje ozi dịka osimiri eji eme ọtụtụ ihe, dịka ịṅụ mmiri, ịsa ahụ, na ọrụ ndị ọzọ nye obodo dịka Umulewe, Umuchima, na Ntueke dị na mpaghara ahụ aka.&lt;ref name=&quot;www.ajol.info&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajazeb/article/download/41147/8555|title=Sanitary Quality of Urashi River, Okija, Anambra State, Nigeria|first=I.J|author=Anazoo|journal=African Journal of Applied Zoology and Environmental Biology|volume=7|issn=1119-023X|date=2008|doi=10.4314/ajazeb.v7i1.41147|accessdate=May 14, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.imoreporters.com/index.php/source-and-natural-course|title=Urashi River- Its Source and Natural Course|accessdate=May 20, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceG&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.channelstv.com/tag/umulewe/|title=NGO Partners With Imo, Sinks Borehole In 3 Communities|accessdate=May 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsụda Mmiri Urashi ==
Osimiri Urashi na-esi na nkume, na ala nke nsụda mmiri, &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceI&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.oralhistory-productions.org/articles/MyFathersVillage.pdf|title=My Father's Village – Excerpts from a Memoir in Progress (New York)|author=Nema Obih (E.Obih-Frank)|date=2004|accessdate=May 21, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; 183 m n'elu oke osimiri, na mpaghara Urashi nke Ezeama na Dikenafai, Imo steeti  &lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceB&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.ajol.info/index.php/afrrev/article/view/47562/33939|title=Urashi Waterfall Ecotourism Development and Cultural Challenges in Dikenafai, Ideato South Local Government Area, Nigeria|first=Henry M|author=Ijeoma|journal=African Research Review|volume=7|issn=1119-023X|date=2008|accessdate=May 20, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke nsụda mmiri ahụ dị gburugburu nkuku Ezeama, ebe ịchụàjà nke Chineke Mmiri. &quot;Ọ bụ ụzọ dị warara, nke na-adịchaghị mma nke e gburu n'ime ahịhịa nke oké ọhịa ahụ. Site n'ụzọ ahụ, mmadụ nwere ike ịnụ ka mmiri na-asọsi ike na-eto eto ka mmadụ na-eru nso. Otu anwụrụ ọkụ dị nro dị n'ime ikuku; ngwakọta dị ụtọ nke mmiri ozuzo na-atọ ụtọ nke na-agwakọta na ísì ala mmiri dị ọcha. “Ụzọ ahụ, nke na-erughị otu ụzọ n’ụzọ anọ nke maịl n’ogologo, mechara mepee gaa n’ebe sara mbara ma doo anya, ma n’otu ntabi anya nsụda mmiri ahụ pụtara. Ọ bụ ihe nkiri na-adọrọ mmasị nke ukwuu, dịka nnukwu amuma ọkụ eletrik n’ụbọchị ọkọchị na-enwu gbaa,” ka Nema Obih kọwara&quot;

== Mmiri na-asọ ==
Site na Dikenafai, Urashi na-agafe ọtụtụ obodo, gụnyere Urualla, Akokwa, Okija, Orsu, [[Ukpor]], [[Ihiala]], Uli, Oguta, Osemotor, Omoku, Obiakpo, Ebocha, Ukodu, Okarki, Mbiama na  Epie.Osimiri ahụ na-emepụta ọtụtụ alaka mmiri n’ụzọ ọ na-asọ, site na steeti Imo, gafee Anambra, Rivers, ruo Bayelsa, tupu ọ banye n’ime Osimiri Atlantik.  Ọ kewara ụzọ abụọ na Egbema. Akụkụ ka ukwuu (n'aka nri), gara n'ihu na-agafe Eluku tupu ọ kewaa n'ime abụọ ma na-ewepụ mmiri ya na ihe ndị dị n'ime ya na Edi Kalama (Degema) na Abonnema n'ime ọwara Biafra.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceD&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==

=== Osimiri Orashi na Oguta ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
Faịlụ:Orashi_River(1)_at_oguta.jpg|Wooden made boat and vegetation stabilized cut bank on Orashi river
Faịlụ:Orashi_River(6)_at_oguta.jpg|Residential thatched houses at the entrance of Orashi river
Faịlụ:Orashi_River(7)_at_oguta.jpg|Orashi river showing vegetation at the far side of the river bank
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Osimiri Orashi na Ideato South ===
&lt;gallery&gt;
Faịlụ:Orashi_River(4)_at_Ideato_South.jpg|Swimming and washing of clothes being done at the river.
Faịlụ:Orashi_River(4)_at_Ideato_South.jpg|Other side of Orashi River in Ideato South with palm trees, bamboo tree and bushes surrounding the river.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba ==
Ógbè Urashi dị na mpaghara oké ọhịa, n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria.Ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ, ịkụ nkwụ mmanụ na ịkụ azụ bụ ọrụ ndị mmadụ na isi ihe ha na- enweta.Enwere ike ịkpọ mpaghara ahụ 'ọhịa nkwụ mmanụ. &quot; A na-eji ọtụtụ ụdị osisi mara mpaghara ọhịa ahụ, mgbe ụfọdụ na-agafe ụdị 150 dị iche iche kwa hekta. Site na isi iyi ya ruo n'Oké [[Ȯra Rivers|Osimiri]] Atlantic, osimiri ahụ na-akwado ọtụtụ ndị ọkụ azụ ma na-enye ezinụlọ ha ụzọndụ.  Ógbè Urashi, nke gụnyere ọdọ mmiri Njaba, nwere ihe karịrị 35% nke olulu mmanụ na steeti Niger Delta nke [[Ọ̀hà Ímò|Imo]] na Rivers. &lt;ref name=&quot;www.nddc.gov.ng&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nddc.gov.ng/NDRMP%20Chapter%201.pdf|title=Federal Republic of Nigeria; The Niger Delta Region: Land and People|accessdate=May 14, 2016|work=www.nddc.gov.ng|archivedate=February 19, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219124004/http://www.nddc.gov.ng/NDRMP%20Chapter%201.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Okporo ụzọ Azụmaahịa na Ụzọ Mmiri ==
Osimiri Urashi dị ka ụzọ azụmaahịa na ọdịbendị oge ochie, enyewo ụzọ njem na ịkwaga maka obodo ndị si n'otu obodo gaa na nke ọzọ site na ụgbọ mmiri maka ọdịbendị, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma ọ bụ akụ na ụba n'ụbọchị  ahịa.Iji melite ụzọ mmiri dị n'ime ala na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], Gọọmentị etiti kwadoro  igwu mmiri nke Osimiri Urashi site na [[Oguta Lake|Ọdọ Mmiri Oguta]] na Imo Steeti ,Degema na Rivers Steeti. &lt;ref name=&quot;www.thetidenewsonline.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2012/05/16/fg-to-dredge-orashi-river-votes-n8-3bn-for-inland-waterways-port/|title=FG To Dredge Urashi River …Votes N8.3bn For Inland Waterways Port|date=May 16, 2012|work=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;businessandmaritimewestafrica.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://businessandmaritimewestafrica.com/port-infrastructure/fg-to-spend-n83bn-on-inland-ports-dredging-of-rivers/|title=FG To Spend N8.3bn On Inland Ports, Dredging Of Rivers|date=September 10, 2012|work=businessandmaritimewestafrica.com|accessdate=June 23, 2026|archivedate=August 11, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811171213/http://businessandmaritimewestafrica.com/port-infrastructure/fg-to-spend-n83bn-on-inland-ports-dredging-of-rivers}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ahụ nke e nyere Simidia S na I International Company na Mee 2012 ga-emecha n'ime ọnwa 12. A na-atụ anya na a ga-egwute osimiri ahụ dị kilomita 205 n'obosara nke mita 40, obosara nke elu nke mita 70 na omimi n'okpuru data eserese nke mita 1.5. &lt;ref name=&quot;www.dredgingtoday.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dredgingtoday.com/2012/05/02/nigeria-Urashi-river-dredging-progresses-well/|title=Nigeria: Urashi River Dredging Progresses Well|date=May 2012|work=www.dredgingtoday.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Ȯra Anambra]]
[[Otú:Ȯra Imo]]</text>
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    <title>Oluyoro Catholic Hospital</title>
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      <text bytes="2032" sha1="a19n6eosrqxz1x3w64aegqjfg6jqg4r" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox hospital|name=Oluyoro Catholic Hospital|org_group=estblished 12 March 1956 by Rt. Rev. Richard Finn, (SMA)|logo=|logo_size=|image=|image_size=225|alt=|caption=|coordinates=&lt;!-- {{coord|7.388842|3.920299|type:landmark|display=inline, title}} --&gt;|location=Oluyoro, Oke Adu Road, Ofa, [[Ibadan]]|region=|state=|country=Nigeria|healthcare=&lt;!-- UK: NHS; AU/CA: Medicare; ELSE free-form text, e.g. Private --&gt;|funding=|type=General|religious_affiliation=[[Catholic church]]|affiliation=|patron=|network=|standards=|emergency=|beds=|speciality=|helipad=|h1-number=|h1-length-f=|h1-length-m=|h1-surface=&lt;!-- up to h12 --&gt;|former_names=|constructed=|opened=1959&lt;!-- cite in article as well --&gt;|closed=|demolished=|website=&lt;!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} --&gt;|other_links=|module=}}
Oluyoro Catholic Hospital (e guzobere, 1959) bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nkeonwe kachasị ukwuu na Ibadan, Naịjirịa. A makwaara ya dịka ụlọ ọgwụ Katọlik Oluyoro Oke Ofa..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/strike-private-hospitals-record-boom-ibadan/|title=Private hospitals record boom in Ibadan|accessdate=December 29, 2017|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.journalrepository.org/media/journals/JAMMR_64/2017/Aug/Adelekan2372017JAMMR35670.pdf|title=Knowledge and Factors Associated with Treatment|work=Journal Repository|accessdate=December 29, 2017|archivedate=December 30, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230114921/http://www.journalrepository.org/media/journals/JAMMR_64/2017/Aug/Adelekan2372017JAMMR35670.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|year=2005|title=Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus among middle to high socioeconomic population|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TGpRAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=oluyoro+catholic+hospital+ibadan|journal=West African Journal of Medicine|volume=24|pages=143}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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'''Rudududjir marsh''' (French; 2°23′45′′S 30°22′45′′E / 2.39583°S 30.37917°E / -2.39583; 30.37917) bụ ala ahịhịa dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Kirundo Province, Burundi.

== Ebe ==
Tupu ụzọ egbutu ya n'etiti, Nyamabuno Marsh dị ihe karịrị mita 400 (1,300  n'obosara na ihe karịrị kilomita 15 (9.3 mi) n'ogologo.{{sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro |2005|p=58}} N'afọ 2005, a na-arụ ụzọ dị ihe dị ka mita 400 (ụkwụ 1,300) site na Karambo dị na Mpaghara Kirundo ruo Ruzo, Mpaghara Muyinga site na apịtị Ruduhira..{{sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro |2005|p=43}} Okporo ụzọ ahụ na-ekewa ala ahịhịa abụọ. Akụkụ aka nri na-ejigide aha Nyamabuno, ebe akụkụ aka ekpe na-akpọ Rududududira Marsh.{{sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro |2005|p=58}} Mmiri nke Nyamabuno na Rudukira na-agbanye mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Rweru na mmiri Vumasi, Rusenyi, Karambo na Nonwe.{{sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro |2005|p=43}}

== Iji ya eme ihe ==
Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2005, a pụrụ ịhụ mmalite nke mkpocha ugbo nke ala mmiri abụọ a maka ịkọ osikapa n'akụkụ abụọ nke okporo ụzọ ahụ.{{sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro |2005|p=43}} Ụzọ ahụ emeela ka mmiri daa, nke mere ka ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ malite ịkọ osikapa n'apịtị. Ụzọ ahụ ga-eme ka apịtị ndị ahụ kpọọ nkụ nke ọma ma belata ọkwa ọdọ mmiri ahụ. {{sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro |2005|p=58}} Onye nchịkwa nke obodo Bwambarangwe kwuru na 2005 na Ọrụ Nkwado na Nkwado Ọrụ Ugbo (PRASAB) iji mebie ala mmiri Nyamabuno amalitela.{{sfn|Nzigidahera|Fofo|Misigaro |2005|p=58}}

== Nchebe ==
E bipụtara atụmatụ njikwa na mmepe maka Protected Aquatic Landscape nke Bugesera na Septemba 2009. {{sfn|Nzigidahera|Nindorera|2009|p=1}} A kwadoro ya na ogbako e mere na 8 Julaị 2011. {{sfn|Kagera TAMP FAO}} Atụmatụ ahụ chebere Ọdọ Mmiri Kanzigiri na Ọdọ Mmị Rweru, nke a na-ejikọta ya na ọwa nke na-agafe Rudukira Marsh.{{sfn|Nzigidahera|Nindorera|2009|p=10}} Ọ kọwara Mpaghara Integral, nke bụ oghere ndị ga-anọgide na-enweghị mmetụta mmadụ. Ndị a gụnyere ọdọ mmiri Gacamarindi, ọdọ mmiri Nagitamo na Mwungere, na ala mmiri nke ndagwurugwu nke abụọ nke Osimiri Akanyaru nke na-ejikọ ya na ọdọ mmiri niile gụnyere ala mmiri Nyavyamo na Ruduhira. {{sfn|Nzigidahera|Nindorera|2009|pp=44–45}}

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist|25em}}

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation |url=https://www.fao.org/nr/kagera/news-archive/news-detail/en/c/87198/ |access-date=9 June 2024 |publisher=FAO |ref={{harvid|Kagera TAMP FAO}} |title=Kagera TAMP - Bugesera aquatic landscapes endowed with a management plan |date=8 July 2011 |location=Kirundo province, Burundi |archive-date=9 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609161848/https://www.fao.org/nr/kagera/news-archive/news-detail/en/c/87198/ |url-status=dead }}
*{{citation |url=https://bi.chm-cbd.net/sites/bi/files/2020-12/paysage-aquatique-nord-bi.pdf |access-date=9 June 2024 |language=fr |title=Paysage Aquatique Protege du Nord du Burundi – Etude D'identification
 |last1=Nzigidahera |first1=Benoît |last2=Fofo |first2=Alphonse |last3=Misigaro |first3=Apollinaire |date=August 2005}} 
*{{citation |url=https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/kagera/resource/TAMP%20Kagera%20_%20Plan_de_gestion_%20Paysages%20Aquatiques%20_Bugesera.pdf |accessdate=2024-06-17
 |last1=Nzigidahera |first1= Benoît |last2=Nindorera |first2=Damien |title=Plan de gestion et d’aménagement du Paysage Aquatique Protégé de Bugesera |language=fr |date=September 2009 }}
{{refend}}</text>
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    <title>Osimiri Ruzizi</title>
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 {{Reflist|30em}}'''Ruzizi''' (a na-edekwa mgbe ụfọdụ '''Rusizi''', [[Asụsụ French|French]]; ''Rivière Ruzizi''; Dutch: ''Ruzizi Rivier'') bụ osimiri, kilomita 117 (mile 73) n'ogologo,&lt;ref name=&quot;Paleolimnological&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.04.003|title=Paleolimnological Evidence for the Onset and Termination of Glacial Aridity from Lake Tanganyika, Tropical East Africa|year=2007|author=Felton, Anna A.|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|volume=252|issue=3–4}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke na-asọ site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Kivu ruo Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika na Central Africa, na-agbada site na ihe dị ka mita 1,500 (ụkwụ 4,900) ruo ihe dị ka mita 770 (ụkwụ 2,530) n'elu oke osimiri n'ogologo ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Google maps&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Google Maps|year=2013|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=-3.364167,29.267778&amp;spn=0.1,0.1&amp;t=m&amp;q=-3.364167,29.267778|publisher=Google Maps|accessdate=14 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oke kachasị elu na-eme n'ime kilomita iri anọ mbụ (maịlụ iri abụọ na ise), ebe e wuru ihe mgbochi mmiri eletrik. N'akụkụ ala nke ọzọ, Rọzizi Plain, ala nke Western Rift Valley, nwere ugwu ndị dị nro, osimiri ahụ na-asọba n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika site na delta, otu ma ọ bụ obere ọwa abụọ na-ekewa site na ọwa isi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Google maps&quot; /&gt;

Ruzizi bụ osimiri dị obere, nke e wuru ihe dị ka afọ 10,000 gara aga mgbe ugwu mgbawa nke jikọtara ya na mgbawa kọntinent kere Ugwu Virunga. Ugwu ndị ahụ gbochiri ụzọ mbụ ọdọ mmiri Kivu si abanye na mmiri mmiri nke Naịl ma kama nke ahụ, ọ manyere ọdọ mmiri ahụ ka ọ jupụta n'ebe ndịda site na Ruzizi na ebe ọpụpụ mmiri nke Congo.

== Ụzọ ==
[[Faịlụ:Etreinte_des_Eaux,_Le_Lac_Tanganyika_et_la_Rivière_Rusizi.jpg|thumb|Osimiri Ruzizi na-asọba n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika]]
N'akụkụ mmiri ya dị n'elu, osimiri ahụ na-etolite akụkụ nke ókèala dị n'etiti [[Rwanda]] n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Google maps&quot; /&gt; N'ịga n'ihu n'ala ala, ọ bụ akụkụ nke ókèala dị n'etiti DRC na Burundi, ebe nsọtụ ya dị n'ime Burundi kpamkpam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Google maps&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mokoso|first=Jean De Dieu Mangambu|date=31 March 2022|title=Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus 1758 at Ruzizi River and Lake Tanganyika (Territory of Uvira, South Kivu, DR Congo): population census and conservation implications|url=https://m.elewa.org/Journals/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/3.Mokoso.pdf|accessdate=23 November 2024|work=Elewa.org/Journals|publisher=ELEWA|archivedate=4 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204170253/https://m.elewa.org/Journals/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/3.Mokoso.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọdịda anyanwụ, ugwu ndị dị n'ugwu Fizi dị elu karịa osimiri ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Doyle|first=Mark|title=Retracing Che Guevara's Congo Footsteps|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4036605.stm|work=BBC News|date=25 November 2004|accessdate=14 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Àkwà mmiri Concord, nke bụ àkwà mmiri kachasị ogologo na Burundi, na-agafe osimiri ahụ nso ọnụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Africa South of the Sahara|editor=Murison, Katharine|publisher=Europa Publications|edition=32nd|isbn=978-1-85743-131-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tributaries nke Ruzizi River gụnyere Nyamagana, Muhira, Kaburantwa, Kagunuzi, Rubyiro na Ruhwa, na ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Acme Mapper (terrain)|publisher=Acme Labs|url=http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=-3.364167,29.267778&amp;z=12&amp;t=R&amp;marker0=-3.364167,29.267778,Ruzizi%20River|accessdate=14 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Osimiri Ruzizi, nke na-asọba n'ebe ndịda n'ime Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika, bụ akụkụ nke mmiri dị n'elu nke Osimiri Congo. Ndị nchọpụta Britain nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu dịka Richard Francis Burton na John Hanning Speke, ndị na-amaghị ebe Ruzizi si aga, chere na ọ nwere ike ịsọda n'ebe ugwu site n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ gaa n'akụkụ Osimiri Naịl Ọcha. Nnyocha ha na nchọpụta ndị ọzọ nke David Livingstone na Henry Morton Stanley mere gosiri na ọ bụghị eziokwu. Ruzizi na-asọba n'ime ọdọ mmiri Tanganyika, nke na-asọba n'ime Osimiri Lukuga dị ihe dị ka kilomita 120 (mile 75) n'ebe ndịda nke Ujiji. Lukuga na-asọba n'ọdịda anyanwụ n'ime Osimiri Lualaba, otu nnukwu mmiri nke Congo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ondaatje&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ondaatje|first=Christoper|title=Journey to the Source of the Nile|publisher=Harper Collins|location=Toronto|year=1998|isbn=978-0-00-200019-2|url=https://archive.org/details/journeytosourceo00onda/page/166}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala ==
Rifting, nke na-adọpụ nwayọọ nwayọọ nke efere tectonic, emepụtala usoro Rift nke Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka na ọtụtụ besịn na ọdọ mmiri ya. Sistemụ ahụ, n'ókè dị n'etiti efere Afrịka (Nubian Plate) na efere Somali, nwere alaka abụọ, ha abụọ na-eche ihu n'ebe ugwu-ndịda. Mkpọda n'alaka ọdịda anyanwụ, nke a na-akpọ Albertine Rift, malitere n'agbata afọ nde iri abụọ na ise na iri gara aga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Danley&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Danley|first=Patrick D.|title=The Impact of the Geologic History and Paleoclimate on the Diversification of East African Cichlids|journal=International Journal of Evolutionary Biology|volume=2012|pages=1–20|doi=10.1155/2012/574851|pmid=22888465|year=2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Osimiri Ruzizi dị n'akụkụ mkpọda ọdịda anyanwụ, nke gụnyere, site n'ebe ugwu ruo na ndịda, ọdọ mmiri Albert, George, Edward, Kivu, Tanganyika, Rukwa, Malawi, na ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Danley&quot; /&gt;

Mgbawa nke jikọtara ya na mgbawa ahụ gbanwere njikọ dị n'etiti mmiri dị n'ógbè ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Danley&quot; /&gt; Ihe dị ka afọ 13,000 ruo 9,000 gara aga, ihe mberede ugwu gbochiri ụzọ mbụ nke ọdọ mmiri Kivu si abanye na mmiri Naịl.&lt;ref name=&quot;Danley&quot; /&gt; Ugwu mgbawa ahụ mere ka ugwu ndị ahụ pụta, gụnyere ugwu ndị dị n'etiti Ọdọ Mmiri Kivu na Ọdọ Mmiri Edward, n'ebe ugwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Clark|first=J. D.|title=Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_r08AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA35|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London|year=1969|accessdate=16 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wee manye mmiri si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Kivu gaa n'ebe ndịda Ruzizi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Danley&quot; /&gt; Nke a, n'aka nke ya, mere ka ọkwa ọdọ mmiri Tanganyika dị elu, nke jupụtara n'osimiri Lukga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Danley&quot; /&gt; Mgbanwe dị iche iche n'ihe gbasara elu na ihu igwe emeela ka Ruzizi na Lukuga meghee ma mechie ọtụtụ ugboro kemgbe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Danley&quot; /&gt;

== Mmiri eletrik ==
E wuru ọdụ ọkụ eletrik Ruzizi I n'ọnụ ụzọ mmiri Ruzizi si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Kivu na 1958. E tinyere ọdụ ọkụ eletrik Ruzizi nke Abụọ n'afọ 1989. Ụlọ ọrụ atọ nke mba (Burundi, Rwanda na Democratic Republic of the Congo) nke Economic Community of the Great Lakes nwere na-arụ ọrụ Ruzizi I na II. Òtù a na-eme atụmatụ maka ime ọdọ mmiri abụọ ọzọ, Ruzizi nke Atọ na Ruzizi nke Anọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;water power&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Sizing Up African Hydro|journal=Water Power|url=http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/storyprint.asp?sc=2060823|date=4 October 2011|access-date=14 January 2013}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ruzizi nwere ike imepụta ihe dị ka megawatts 30 (MW) yana Ruzizi II ihe dịka 44 MW. A na-atụ anya na Ruzizi III, nke a ga-arụ n'okpuru abụọ ndị ọzọ, ga-enwe ike nke 145 MW mgbe ọ ga-arụ ọrụ n'ihe dị ka afọ 2027. Dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ Ruzizi nke Atọ, a ga-arụzigharị Ruzizi nke Mbụ na nke Abụọ. Ọ bụrụ na e mechaa wuo Ruzizi IV, a ga-etinye ya n'etiti Ruzizi II na Ruzizi III, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-arụ ọrụ karịa 200 MW. Na Jenụwarị 16, 2020, Ụlọ Akụ Mmepe Afrịka tinyere €8 nde maka enyemaka teknụzụ na ọrụ ọkụ eletrik Ruzizi IV.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/east-africa-afdb-grants-e8-million-for-the-ruzizi-iv-hydropower-project/|title=EAST AFRICA: AfDB grants €8 million for the Ruzizi IV hydropower project|date=2020-01-16|work=Afrik 21|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-01-16|archivedate=2020-01-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116145857/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/east-africa-afdb-grants-e8-million-for-the-ruzizi-iv-hydropower-project/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-atụ anya na ọ ga-enye 287 MW nye Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda na Burundi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Anụmanụ na osisi ==
A na-ahụkarị apịtị ahịhịa n'akụkụ isi ala nke osimiri ahụ na mmiri ndị dị n'akụkụ ya. N'akụkụ ọnụ ya, apịtị ndị dị n'akụkụ ọnụ ya ruru kilomita atọ (1.9 mi) obosara. A na-eme atụmatụ na oke ala apịtị dị na Burundi dị hekta 12,000 (eka 30,000) ebe ogologo ahịhịa dị iche iche site na mita 2 ruo 4 (6.6 ruo 13.1 ft), dabere na oke idei mmiri ahụ. Ndị bi ebe ahụ na-eji ahịhịa ndị ahụ eme ihe maka ịkụ ahịhịa na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'ime ụlọ. E wezụga osimiri ahụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ndagwurugwu dị n'okpuru osimiri ahụ nwere ahịhịa, nke ehi na-ata ahịhịa nke ukwuu.

Agụ iyi a na-akpọ Gustave, nke a na-akpọ agụ iyi na-eri mmadụ, na-agagharị n'akụkụ Osimiri Ruzizi na n'akụkụ ugwu nke Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika. A na-ekwu na Gustave, nke a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ dị ihe dị ka mita isii (ụkwụ iri abụọ) n'ogologo, ma dịkwa ihe dị ka kilogram narị itoolu (2,000 lb), gburu ma rie ọtụtụ mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=McRae|first=Michael|title=Gustave the Croc Surfaces to Strike Again|journal=National Geographic|url=http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/2008/02/gustave-update/michael-mcrae-text|issue=February 2008|accessdate=14 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihe nkiri ahụ nke na-egosi Gustave (&quot;Capturing the Killer Croc&quot;), onye na-akọ akụkọ ahụ kwuru na &quot;N'afọ 1950, oke ehi, enyí na anụ ọhịa warthog bi n'ala ahụ; ma mmadụ kpochapụrụ ha nke nta nke nta. Naanị onye lanarịrịnụ n'etiti nnukwu anụmanụ bụ hippopotamus. Ha na agụ iyi nile, nọ n'udo nke na esighi ike , na-ebikọ ọnụ n'osimiri ahụ.&quot;

== Hụkwa ==

* Àkwà mmiri Ruzizi nke Mbụ
* Àkwà mmiri Ruzizi nke Abụọ

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Commons category|Ruzizi River}}
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;'''Olatunji Oyeyemi Moronfoye''' ({{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Abike25-Olatunji Oyeyemi Moronfoye.wav|listen}}) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria nke jere ozi dị ka Kọmishọna maka Ozi na Kwara Steeti n'oge ọchịchị onye bụbu Gọvanọ [[Abdulfatah Ahmed]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2021-11-23|title=EFCC re-arraigns ex-Kwara commissioner|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/efcc-re-arraigns-ex-kwara-commissioner/|accessdate=2025-01-20|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Arụmụka ==
[[Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mpụ Akụ na Akụ na Ụgwọ|EFCC]] gbara Moronfoye akwụkwọ n'afọ 2015 maka ebubo nke iji ọrụ eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta, ịdọrọ ego ọha na eze, na ịkpa ego nke ihe dị ka nde naira iri na ise . E boro ya ebubo na ọ na-enye ihe karịrị nde Naịra abụọ na nkwekọrịta na ụlọ ọrụ ọ nwere mmasị na ya. E boro ya ebubo na ya na Ope Saraki, onye bụbu onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye Gọvanọ Abdulfatah Ahmed, onye nwekwara otu ebubo ahụ. E nyere ha abụọ mgbapụta mgbe a kpụchara ha ikpe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=eribake|first=akintayo|date=2015-05-14|title=N371m contract scam: Moronfoye, Kwara Commissioner, Ope Saraki arraigned|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/05/n371m-contract-scam-moronfoye-kwara-commissioner-ope-saraki-arraigned/|accessdate=2025-01-20|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=N371m Scam: Court Adjourns Ex-Kwara Commissioner's Case|url=https://nta.ng/2016/06/16/n371m-scam-court-adjourns-ex-kwara-commissioners-case/|accessdate=2025-01-20|work=Nigerian Television Authority|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121120758/https://nta.ng/2016/06/16/n371m-scam-court-adjourns-ex-kwara-commissioners-case/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=NAN|date=2016-02-09|title=EFCC re-arraigns ex-Kwara Commissioner, Saraki's cousin over contract scam|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/efcc-re-arraigns-ex-kwara-commissioner-sarakis-cousin-over-contract-scam/|accessdate=2025-01-20|work=The Eagle Online|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria]]</text>
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'''Mbeya''' ( na-akpọkwa '''Mbé''', '''Mbei''': French: Rivière Mbeya, Spanish: Río Mbeya)  Ọ bụ akụkụ mmiri nke Osimiri Komo. Mmiri ahụ dị square kilomita 6,940 (2,680 sq mi), 93% nke dị na Gabon (gụnyere akụkụ nke Crystal Mountains National Park) ebe nke fọdụrụ dị na Equatorial Guinea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/database/register/tables/IRB_africa.html|title=AFRICA|work=International River Basin Register|publisher=College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, [[Oregon State University]]|date=July 2012|accessdate=10 October 2017|archivedate=11 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011072315/http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/database/register/tables/IRB_africa.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ ike na mmiri nke Gabon, SEEG, nke bụ ngalaba Veolia, na-arụ ọrụ abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na mmiri eletrik n'akụkụ osimiri dị na Kinguélé (58 MW) na Tchimbélé (69 MW).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Connolly|first=Christina|url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pbaaf765.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011071705/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pbaaf765.pdf|archivedate=October 11, 2017|title=Challenges to Establishing Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) in Gabon: A Case Study of the Mbé River Basin|publisher=[[Wildlife Conservation Society]]|date=August 2009|accessdate=10 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Edensibịa==
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323306424|Lubigi]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Water_flowing_through_Lubigi_swamp_in_Namongona_Catchment_along_Kampala_Northern_Bypass.jpg|thumb|Ala Mmiri Lubigi na Uganda]]
'''Lubigi''' bụ ala mmiri dị n'ebe ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Kampala, isi obodo na obodo kachasị ukwuu na [[Uganda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.arocha.org/en/a-rocha-uganda/|date=23 February 2016|accessdate=23 February 2016|publisher=Arocha.org (ARO)|author=ARO|title=A Rocha Uganda: Lubigi Wetland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/-/691232/1171480/-/pd0poz/-/index.html|title=Wetland under siege|accessdate=23 February 2016|date=30 May 2011|first=John|author=Abimanyi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndekọ ala nke ala mmiri Lubigi bụ:0°19'12.0&quot;N, 32°31'12.0'E (Latitude:0°-19'12.0&quot;&quot;N; Longitude:32°31'-12.0&quot;E).

== Nchịkọta ==
Ala mmiri Lubigi bụ ebe mmiri dị mkpa, na-ejere obodo Kampala na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu na Wakiso District ozi. Mmiri ozuzo sitere n'ebe ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo ahụ na-agbanye, site na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na mmiri na-agbapụta n'elu ala, n'ime ala, ebe ọ na-akwado anụ ọhịa pụrụ iche, gụnyere ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 200, otu n'ime ha bụ crested crane, nnụnụ mba. Osisi ndị a ma ama bụ ahịhịa papaịrọs.&lt;ref name=&quot;Danger&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lubigi wetland faces extinction|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/907322/-/wy0r8c/-/index.html|accessdate=23 February 2016|date=27 April 2010|first=Zahra|author=Abigaba}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ebe ugwu, gburugburu Kisaasi na Ntinda, ala mmiri ahụ na-ejikọ na mmiri Nakivubo Channel, ala mmiri ọzọ nke na-asọba n'Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Port Bell. N'ebe ndịda, gburugburu Busega, ụfọdụ mmiri dị n'ala mmiri ahụ na-asọba na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria, ebe ndị ọzọ na-asọba na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ, n'akụkụ ụzọ Kampala-Mityana na-aga Buloba. N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Buloba, mmiri ahụ na-atụgharị gaa n'ebe ugwu dị ka mmiri nke Osimiri Mayanja, nke bụ akụkụ nke mmiri mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/1024640/-/u8chbw/-/index.html|title=City wetlands vanish as government looks on|date=3 October 2010|accessdate=23 February 2016|first=and Juliet Kigongo|author=Joseph Miti, Zahra Abigaba}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ==
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ala mmiri ahụ enwetawo nnukwu nsogbu site na mwakpo mmadụ. Gọọmentị Uganda arụọla ọrụ atọ dị mkpa n'ala mmiri ahụ, nke na-eme ka ọ daa:

* E wuru Kampala Northern Bypass Highway, nke meghere na 2009, site na ala mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Danger&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lubigi wetland faces extinction|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/907322/-/wy0r8c/-/index.html|accessdate=23 February 2016|date=27 April 2010|first=Zahra|author=Abigaba}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAbigaba2010&quot;&gt;Abigaba, Zahra (27 April 2010). [http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/907322/-/wy0r8c/-/index.html &quot;Lubigi wetland faces extinction&quot;]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 February&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* Cable eletrik dị elu na-ebu ike site na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Kawanda gaa na ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Mutundwe gafere Lubigi. A kwadoro eriri ike a 132 kilovolt na 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=23 February 2016|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Transmission-company-to-demolish-structures/-/688334/2224582/-/8isgmpz/-/index.html|date=28 February 2014|first=Frederic|author=Musisi|title=Transmission company to demolish structures built under power lines}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* National Water and Sewerage Corporation ewuola ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi nsịn'etiti ala mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Moses|url=http://observer.ug/component/content/article?id=30965:-lubigi-plant-to-tame-bwaise-sewage|title=Lubigi plant to tame Bwaise sewage|author=Mugalu|accessdate=23 February 2016|date=30 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 March 2014|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1339156/museveni-commissions-sh53b-lubigi-plant|accessdate=23 February 2016|first=Taddeo|author=Bwambale|title=Museveni commissions Sh53 billion Lubigi plant}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=24 February 2016|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Lubigi-women-found-gold-human-waste/-/691232/3089840/-/item/0/-/auw9g4z/-/index.html|title=How Lubigi women have found gold in human waste|date=24 February 2016|first=Lilian|author=Namagembe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iweghachi ya ==
Na Machị 2016, ndị ọrụ si na National Environment Management Authority nke Uganda malitere iwepụ ubi ndị ndị na-awakpo kụrụ na ọka, jim aki, unere, na okpete.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Paul|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/NEMA-begins-Lubigi-wetland-restoration/-/688334/3110232/-/146dph5/-/index.html|title=NEMA begins Lubigi wetland restoration|accessdate=10 March 2016|date=10 March 2016|author=Tajuba}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime ọnwa June 2024, ọtụtụ ndị enweghị ebe obibi na enweghị ọrụ n'ihi mbibi ụlọ, ụlọ ahịa site na Uganda National Environmental Management Authority (EMA) na ala mmiri Lubigi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Editorial|date=2024-06-18|title=NEMA soiled by selective and unjust evictions in Lubigi|url=https://observer.ug/index.php/viewpoint/81646-nema-soiled-by-selective-and-unjust-evictions-in-lubigi|accessdate=2024-06-21|work=The Observer - Uganda|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ya, ikike nke ndụ na ebe obibi nke ndị bi na ya emegideghị. N'ihi nchụpụ ndị a siri ike, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị omeiwu apụla ịjụ NEMA ajụjụ banyere ụdị omume a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-06-19|title=Among condemns force used in Lubigi evictions, demands govt response|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/among-condemns-force-used-in-lubigi-evictions-demands-govt-response-4662788|accessdate=2024-06-21|work=Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Kampala Capital City Authority

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1308593/forgotten-golden-value-wetlands-kampala Ọnụ ahịa ọla edo echefuru echefu nke ala mmiri na Kampala]
{{Hydrography of Uganda}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|00|19|12|N|32|31|12|E}}</text>
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[[Faịlụ:Water_flowing_through_Lubigi_swamp_in_Namongona_Catchment_along_Kampala_Northern_Bypass.jpg|thumb|Ala Mmiri Lubigi na Uganda]]
'''Lubigi''' bụ ala mmiri dị n'ebe ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Kampala, isi obodo na obodo kachasị ukwuu na [[Uganda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.arocha.org/en/a-rocha-uganda/|date=23 February 2016|accessdate=23 February 2016|publisher=Arocha.org (ARO)|author=ARO|title=A Rocha Uganda: Lubigi Wetland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/-/691232/1171480/-/pd0poz/-/index.html|title=Wetland under siege|accessdate=23 February 2016|date=30 May 2011|first=John|author=Abimanyi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndekọ ala nke ala mmiri Lubigi bụ:0°19'12.0&quot;N, 32°31'12.0'E (Latitude:0°-19'12.0&quot;&quot;N; Longitude:32°31'-12.0&quot;E).

== Nchịkọta ==
Ala mmiri Lubigi bụ ebe mmiri dị mkpa, na-ejere obodo Kampala na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu na Wakiso District ozi. Mmiri ozuzo sitere n'ebe ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo ahụ na-agbanye, site na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na mmiri na-agbapụta n'elu ala, n'ime ala, ebe ọ na-akwado anụ ọhịa pụrụ iche, gụnyere ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 200, otu n'ime ha bụ crested crane, nnụnụ mba. Osisi ndị a ma ama bụ ahịhịa papaịrọs.&lt;ref name=&quot;Danger&quot; /&gt;

N'ebe ugwu, gburugburu Kisaasi na Ntinda, ala mmiri ahụ na-ejikọ na mmiri Nakivubo Channel, ala mmiri ọzọ nke na-asọba n'Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Port Bell. N'ebe ndịda, gburugburu Busega, ụfọdụ mmiri dị n'ala mmiri ahụ na-asọba na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria, ebe ndị ọzọ na-asọba na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ, n'akụkụ ụzọ Kampala-Mityana na-aga Buloba. N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Buloba, mmiri ahụ na-atụgharị gaa n'ebe ugwu dị ka mmiri nke Osimiri Mayanja, nke bụ akụkụ nke mmiri mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/1024640/-/u8chbw/-/index.html|title=City wetlands vanish as government looks on|date=3 October 2010|accessdate=23 February 2016|first=and Juliet Kigongo|author=Joseph Miti, Zahra Abigaba}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ==
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ala mmiri ahụ enwetawo nnukwu nsogbu site na mwakpo mmadụ. Gọọmentị Uganda arụọla ọrụ atọ dị mkpa n'ala mmiri ahụ, nke na-eme ka ọ daa:

* E wuru Kampala Northern Bypass Highway, nke meghere na 2009, site na ala mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Danger&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lubigi wetland faces extinction|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/907322/-/wy0r8c/-/index.html|accessdate=23 February 2016|date=27 April 2010|first=Zahra|author=Abigaba}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAbigaba2010&quot;&gt;Abigaba, Zahra (27 April 2010). [http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/907322/-/wy0r8c/-/index.html &quot;Lubigi wetland faces extinction&quot;]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 February&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* Cable eletrik dị elu na-ebu ike site na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Kawanda gaa na ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Mutundwe gafere Lubigi. A kwadoro eriri ike a 132 kilovolt na 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=23 February 2016|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Transmission-company-to-demolish-structures/-/688334/2224582/-/8isgmpz/-/index.html|date=28 February 2014|first=Frederic|author=Musisi|title=Transmission company to demolish structures built under power lines}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* National Water and Sewerage Corporation ewuola ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi nsịn'etiti ala mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Moses|url=http://observer.ug/component/content/article?id=30965:-lubigi-plant-to-tame-bwaise-sewage|title=Lubigi plant to tame Bwaise sewage|author=Mugalu|accessdate=23 February 2016|date=30 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 March 2014|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1339156/museveni-commissions-sh53b-lubigi-plant|accessdate=23 February 2016|first=Taddeo|author=Bwambale|title=Museveni commissions Sh53 billion Lubigi plant}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=24 February 2016|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Lubigi-women-found-gold-human-waste/-/691232/3089840/-/item/0/-/auw9g4z/-/index.html|title=How Lubigi women have found gold in human waste|date=24 February 2016|first=Lilian|author=Namagembe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iweghachi ya ==
Na Machị 2016, ndị ọrụ si na National Environment Management Authority nke Uganda malitere iwepụ ubi ndị ndị na-awakpo kụrụ na ọka, jim aki, unere, na okpete.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Paul|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/NEMA-begins-Lubigi-wetland-restoration/-/688334/3110232/-/146dph5/-/index.html|title=NEMA begins Lubigi wetland restoration|accessdate=10 March 2016|date=10 March 2016|author=Tajuba}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime ọnwa June 2024, ọtụtụ ndị enweghị ebe obibi na enweghị ọrụ n'ihi mbibi ụlọ, ụlọ ahịa site na Uganda National Environmental Management Authority (EMA) na ala mmiri Lubigi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Editorial|date=2024-06-18|title=NEMA soiled by selective and unjust evictions in Lubigi|url=https://observer.ug/index.php/viewpoint/81646-nema-soiled-by-selective-and-unjust-evictions-in-lubigi|accessdate=2024-06-21|work=The Observer - Uganda|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ya, ikike nke ndụ na ebe obibi nke ndị bi na ya emegideghị. N'ihi nchụpụ ndị a siri ike, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị omeiwu apụla ịjụ NEMA ajụjụ banyere ụdị omume a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-06-19|title=Among condemns force used in Lubigi evictions, demands govt response|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/among-condemns-force-used-in-lubigi-evictions-demands-govt-response-4662788|accessdate=2024-06-21|work=Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Kampala Capital City Authority

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1308593/forgotten-golden-value-wetlands-kampala Ọnụ ahịa ọla edo echefuru echefu nke ala mmiri na Kampala]
{{Hydrography of Uganda}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|00|19|12|N|32|31|12|E}}</text>
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[[Faịlụ:Water_flowing_through_Lubigi_swamp_in_Namongona_Catchment_along_Kampala_Northern_Bypass.jpg|thumb|Ala Mmiri Lubigi na Uganda]]
'''Lubigi''' bụ ala mmiri dị n'ebe ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Kampala, isi obodo na obodo kachasị ukwuu na [[Uganda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.arocha.org/en/a-rocha-uganda/|date=23 February 2016|accessdate=23 February 2016|publisher=Arocha.org (ARO)|author=ARO|title=A Rocha Uganda: Lubigi Wetland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe ==
Lubigi na-eme okirikiri ọkara gburugburu obodo Kampala, na-amalite site na gburugburu Kisaasi n'ebe ugwu, na-agbatị gaa n'ọdịda anyanwụ, na-agafe na Bwaise na Kawaala, wee gbasaa gaa na ndịda site na Busega. Apịtị ahụ nwere ogwe aka nri nke na-agbatị n'akụkụ Kampala-Mityana Road na-aga Buloba, n'akụkụ Kampala-Masaka Road na-aga Kyengera, n'akụkụ Kampala–Hoima Ụzọ na-aga Nansana na n'akụkụ &quot;'Ụzọ Sentema'' nke sitere na Mengo ruo Sentema. E wuru Kampala Northern Bypass Highway]] n'ala mmiri ahụ ihe karịrị ọkara nke ogologo ya. E wuru Bwaise slum kpamkpam n'ime ala mmiri Lubigi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/-/691232/1171480/-/pd0poz/-/index.html|title=Wetland under siege |accessdate=23 February 2016|
date=30 May 2011|first=John |last=Abimanyi |newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] | location=Kampala}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhazi ala nke ala mmiri Lubigi bụ:0°19'12.0&quot;N, 32°31'12.0&quot;E (Latitude:0°19'12.0&quot;N; Longitude:32°31'12.0&quot;E).&lt;ref&gt;{{google maps|title=Location of Lubigi|accessdate=23 February 2016 | url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B019'12.0%22N+32%C2%B031'12.0%22E/@0.3268413,32.5531771,12z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchịkọta ==
Ala mmiri Lubigi bụ ebe mmiri dị mkpa, na-ejere obodo Kampala na mpaghara ndị gbara ya gburugburu na Wakiso District ozi. Mmiri ozuzo sitere n'ebe ugwu na ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo ahụ na-agbanye, site na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na mmiri na-agbapụta n'elu ala, n'ime ala, ebe ọ na-akwado anụ ọhịa pụrụ iche, gụnyere ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 200, otu n'ime ha bụ crested crane, nnụnụ mba. Osisi ndị a ma ama bụ ahịhịa papaịrọs.&lt;ref name=&quot;Danger&quot; /&gt;

N'ebe ugwu, gburugburu Kisaasi na Ntinda, ala mmiri ahụ na-ejikọ na mmiri Nakivubo Channel, ala mmiri ọzọ nke na-asọba n'Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Port Bell. N'ebe ndịda, gburugburu Busega, ụfọdụ mmiri dị n'ala mmiri ahụ na-asọba na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria, ebe ndị ọzọ na-asọba na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ, n'akụkụ ụzọ Kampala-Mityana na-aga Buloba. N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Buloba, mmiri ahụ na-atụgharị gaa n'ebe ugwu dị ka mmiri nke Osimiri Mayanja, nke bụ akụkụ nke mmiri mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/-/688342/1024640/-/u8chbw/-/index.html|title=City wetlands vanish as government looks on|date=3 October 2010|accessdate=23 February 2016|first=and Juliet Kigongo|author=Joseph Miti, Zahra Abigaba}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ==
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ala mmiri ahụ enwetawo nnukwu nsogbu site na mwakpo mmadụ. Gọọmentị Uganda arụọla ọrụ atọ dị mkpa n'ala mmiri ahụ, nke na-eme ka ọ daa:

* E wuru Kampala Northern Bypass Highway, nke meghere na 2009, site na ala mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Danger&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lubigi wetland faces extinction|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/907322/-/wy0r8c/-/index.html|accessdate=23 February 2016|date=27 April 2010|first=Zahra|author=Abigaba}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAbigaba2010&quot;&gt;Abigaba, Zahra (27 April 2010). [http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/907322/-/wy0r8c/-/index.html &quot;Lubigi wetland faces extinction&quot;]. ''[[Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 February&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* Cable eletrik dị elu na-ebu ike site na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Kawanda gaa na ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Mutundwe gafere Lubigi. A kwadoro eriri ike a 132 kilovolt na 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=23 February 2016|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Transmission-company-to-demolish-structures/-/688334/2224582/-/8isgmpz/-/index.html|date=28 February 2014|first=Frederic|author=Musisi|title=Transmission company to demolish structures built under power lines}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* National Water and Sewerage Corporation ewuola ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi nsịn'etiti ala mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Moses|url=http://observer.ug/component/content/article?id=30965:-lubigi-plant-to-tame-bwaise-sewage|title=Lubigi plant to tame Bwaise sewage|author=Mugalu|accessdate=23 February 2016|date=30 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 March 2014|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1339156/museveni-commissions-sh53b-lubigi-plant|accessdate=23 February 2016|first=Taddeo|author=Bwambale|title=Museveni commissions Sh53 billion Lubigi plant}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=24 February 2016|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Lubigi-women-found-gold-human-waste/-/691232/3089840/-/item/0/-/auw9g4z/-/index.html|title=How Lubigi women have found gold in human waste|date=24 February 2016|first=Lilian|author=Namagembe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iweghachi ya ==
Na Machị 2016, ndị ọrụ si na National Environment Management Authority nke Uganda malitere iwepụ ubi ndị ndị na-awakpo kụrụ na ọka, jim aki, unere, na okpete.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Paul|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/NEMA-begins-Lubigi-wetland-restoration/-/688334/3110232/-/146dph5/-/index.html|title=NEMA begins Lubigi wetland restoration|accessdate=10 March 2016|date=10 March 2016|author=Tajuba}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime ọnwa June 2024, ọtụtụ ndị enweghị ebe obibi na enweghị ọrụ n'ihi mbibi ụlọ, ụlọ ahịa site na Uganda National Environmental Management Authority (EMA) na ala mmiri Lubigi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Editorial|date=2024-06-18|title=NEMA soiled by selective and unjust evictions in Lubigi|url=https://observer.ug/index.php/viewpoint/81646-nema-soiled-by-selective-and-unjust-evictions-in-lubigi|accessdate=2024-06-21|work=The Observer - Uganda|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ya, ikike nke ndụ na ebe obibi nke ndị bi na ya emegideghị. N'ihi nchụpụ ndị a siri ike, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị omeiwu apụla ịjụ NEMA ajụjụ banyere ụdị omume a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-06-19|title=Among condemns force used in Lubigi evictions, demands govt response|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/among-condemns-force-used-in-lubigi-evictions-demands-govt-response-4662788|accessdate=2024-06-21|work=Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Kampala Capital City Authority

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1308593/forgotten-golden-value-wetlands-kampala Ọnụ ahịa ọla edo echefuru echefu nke ala mmiri na Kampala]
{{Hydrography of Uganda}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|00|19|12|N|32|31|12|E}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ọwa Mmiri Lubigi</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361642029|Lubigi Drainage Canal]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5365" sha1="izpbw8c0cw2m0lxdqlec1ylg6dsbql2" xml:space="preserve">Ọwa mmiri Lubigi bụ nnukwu ọwa mmiri nke dị na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Kampala, Uganda. Ọ na-agafe ala mmiri Lubigi ma bụrụ akụkụ nke netwọkụ mmiri mmiri kachasị mkpa na Kampala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=K. Kayima|first=John|date=August 2018|title=Ecological Characteristics and Morphological Features of the Lubigi Wetland in Uganda|url=http://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=7146|journal=Environment and Ecology Research|language=en|volume=6|issue=4|pages=218–228|doi=10.13189/eer.2018.060402|issn=2331-625X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Twinomujuni|first=Isaac|date=2019-05-21|title=Developing a De-silting plan for the Lubigi Drainage Channel.|url=http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12281/11688|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mepụtara ọwa mmiri ahụ iji melite mbufe mmiri ozuzo ma belata idei mmiri na-eme ugboro ugboro n'obodo ukwu ndị dị ala nke isi obodo Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Admin|first=KCCA web|date=2025-02-06|title=KCCA COMMITS TO FAST TRACKING LUBIGI DRAINAGE CHANNEL COMPLETION- KCCA {{!}} For a better City|url=https://www.kcca.go.ug/news/916/kcca-commits-to-fast-tracking-lubigi-drainage-channel-completion|accessdate=2026-06-20|work=KAMPALA CAPITAL CITY AUTHORITY {{!}} For a better City|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E mezigharịrị Lubigi Drainage Canal n'okpuru Ọrụ Mmepe Ụlọọrụ na Akụrụngwa Kampala nke Abụọ (KIIDP II), nke Kampala Capital City Authority mebere site na nkwado ego sitere na World Bank.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=witnessradio.org|date=2023-01-09|title=World Bank extends the Lubigi drainage project dispute resolution process for another six months. DEFENDING LAND AND ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS » Witness Radio|url=https://witnessradio.org/world-bank-extends-the-lubigi-drainage-project-dispute-resolution-process-for-another-six-months/|accessdate=2026-06-20|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Design Review and Construction Supervision of Drainage Improvement Works in Kampala (Lot 1: Lubigi Primary Channel and Lot 2: Nakamiro Secondary Channel) {{!}} Gauff Consultants Uganda Ltd|url=https://gauff.co.ug/project/design-review-and-construction-supervision-drainage-improvement-works-kampala-lot-1-lubigi|accessdate=2026-06-20|work=gauff.co.ug}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lubigi Drainage Channel|url=https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/68e5762082f60ead6d3ad3ab/6953f09bc33ba64f4f109f54_Uganda%20Case%20Page.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ahụ gụnyere ịgbasawanye, ime ka mmiri dị larịị na imezigharị ihe owuwu mmiri iji melite ike nke obodo ahụ na idei mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Development Projects : Second Kampala Institutional and Infrastructure Development Project - P133590|url=https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P133590|accessdate=2026-06-20|work=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọwa mmiri ahụ na-anakọta ma na-ebufe Mmri ozuzo site n'ọtụtụ obodo ukwu dị na Kampala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Admin|first=KCCA web|date=2021-05-31|title=140 People Okay Construction of Lubigi Drainage Channel- KCCA {{!}} For a better City|url=https://www.kcca.go.ug/news/478/140-People-Okay-Construction-of-Lubigi-Drainage-Channel|accessdate=2026-06-20|work=KAMPALA CAPITAL CITY AUTHORITY {{!}} For a better City|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ụzọ mmiri kachasị mkpa n'obodo ahụ ma na-ezube ibelata [[idei mmiri]] n'oge nnukwu mmiri ozuzo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Admin|first=KCCA web|date=2025-02-06|title=KCCA COMMITS TO FAST TRACKING LUBIGI DRAINAGE CHANNEL COMPLETION- KCCA {{!}} For a better City|url=https://www.kcca.go.ug/news/916/kcca-commits-to-fast-tracking-lubigi-drainage-channel-completion|accessdate=2026-06-20|work=KAMPALA CAPITAL CITY AUTHORITY {{!}} For a better City|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAdmin2025&quot;&gt;Admin, KCCA web (2025-02-06). [https://www.kcca.go.ug/news/916/kcca-commits-to-fast-tracking-lubigi-drainage-channel-completion &quot;KCCA COMMITS TO FAST TRACKING LUBIGI DRAINAGE CHANNEL COMPLETION- KCCA | For a better City&quot;]. ''KAMPALA CAPITAL CITY AUTHORITY | For a better City''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-06-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchegbu banyere gburugburu ebe obibi ==
Ọrụ mgbasawanye n'akụkụ ọwa mmiri ahụ emeela ka nchegbu banyere [[Environmental degradation|mmebi]] ala mmiri, ịkwụ ụgwọ nke ndị ọrụ ahụ metụtara na nguzozi ogologo oge n'etiti Nchịkwa idei mmiri na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nyamate|first=Blessing Jean|date=2026-05-29|title=NEMA, Stakeholders Resume Lubigi Wetland Restoration After Grace Period Ends|url=https://chimpreports.com/nema-stakeholders-resume-lubigi-wetland-restoration-after-grace-period-ends/|accessdate=2026-06-20|work=ChimpReports|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=K. Kayima|first=John|date=August 2018|title=Ecological Characteristics and Morphological Features of the Lubigi Wetland in Uganda|url=http://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=7146|journal=Environment and Ecology Research|language=en|volume=6|issue=4|pages=218–228|doi=10.13189/eer.2018.060402|issn=2331-625X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hụkwa ===

* Kampala Capital City Authority
* Ala Mmiri Lubigi

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>izpbw8c0cw2m0lxdqlec1ylg6dsbql2</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>671965</id>
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      <text bytes="5009" sha1="0020z7a9ulxyydygv5xdylfsw4cdls0" xml:space="preserve">Ọwa mmiri Lubigi bụ nnukwu ọwa mmiri nke dị na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Kampala, Uganda. Ọ na-agafe ala mmiri Lubigi ma bụrụ akụkụ nke netwọkụ mmiri mmiri kachasị mkpa na Kampala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=K. Kayima|first=John|date=August 2018|title=Ecological Characteristics and Morphological Features of the Lubigi Wetland in Uganda|url=http://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=7146|journal=Environment and Ecology Research|language=en|volume=6|issue=4|pages=218–228|doi=10.13189/eer.2018.060402|issn=2331-625X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Twinomujuni|first=Isaac|date=2019-05-21|title=Developing a De-silting plan for the Lubigi Drainage Channel.|url=http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12281/11688|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mepụtara ọwa mmiri ahụ iji melite mbufe mmiri ozuzo ma belata idei mmiri na-eme ugboro ugboro n'obodo ukwu ndị dị ala nke isi obodo Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E mezigharịrị Lubigi Drainage Canal n'okpuru Ọrụ Mmepe Ụlọọrụ na Akụrụngwa Kampala nke Abụọ (KIIDP II), nke Kampala Capital City Authority mebere site na nkwado ego sitere na World Bank.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=witnessradio.org|date=2023-01-09|title=World Bank extends the Lubigi drainage project dispute resolution process for another six months. DEFENDING LAND AND ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS » Witness Radio|url=https://witnessradio.org/world-bank-extends-the-lubigi-drainage-project-dispute-resolution-process-for-another-six-months/|accessdate=2026-06-20|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Design Review and Construction Supervision of Drainage Improvement Works in Kampala (Lot 1: Lubigi Primary Channel and Lot 2: Nakamiro Secondary Channel) {{!}} Gauff Consultants Uganda Ltd|url=https://gauff.co.ug/project/design-review-and-construction-supervision-drainage-improvement-works-kampala-lot-1-lubigi|accessdate=2026-06-20|work=gauff.co.ug}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lubigi Drainage Channel|url=https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/68e5762082f60ead6d3ad3ab/6953f09bc33ba64f4f109f54_Uganda%20Case%20Page.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ahụ gụnyere ịgbasawanye, ime ka mmiri dị larịị na imezigharị ihe owuwu mmiri iji melite ike nke obodo ahụ na idei mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Development Projects : Second Kampala Institutional and Infrastructure Development Project - P133590|url=https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P133590|accessdate=2026-06-20|work=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọwa mmiri ahụ na-anakọta ma na-ebufe Mmri ozuzo site n'ọtụtụ obodo ukwu dị na Kampala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Admin|first=KCCA web|date=2021-05-31|title=140 People Okay Construction of Lubigi Drainage Channel- KCCA {{!}} For a better City|url=https://www.kcca.go.ug/news/478/140-People-Okay-Construction-of-Lubigi-Drainage-Channel|accessdate=2026-06-20|work=KAMPALA CAPITAL CITY AUTHORITY {{!}} For a better City|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ụzọ mmiri kachasị mkpa n'obodo ahụ ma na-ezube ibelata [[idei mmiri]] n'oge nnukwu mmiri ozuzo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Admin|first=KCCA web|date=2025-02-06|title=KCCA COMMITS TO FAST TRACKING LUBIGI DRAINAGE CHANNEL COMPLETION- KCCA {{!}} For a better City|url=https://www.kcca.go.ug/news/916/kcca-commits-to-fast-tracking-lubigi-drainage-channel-completion|accessdate=2026-06-20|work=KAMPALA CAPITAL CITY AUTHORITY {{!}} For a better City|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAdmin2025&quot;&gt;Admin, KCCA web (2025-02-06). [https://www.kcca.go.ug/news/916/kcca-commits-to-fast-tracking-lubigi-drainage-channel-completion &quot;KCCA COMMITS TO FAST TRACKING LUBIGI DRAINAGE CHANNEL COMPLETION- KCCA | For a better City&quot;]. ''KAMPALA CAPITAL CITY AUTHORITY | For a better City''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-06-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchegbu banyere gburugburu ebe obibi ==
Ọrụ mgbasawanye n'akụkụ ọwa mmiri ahụ emeela ka nchegbu banyere [[Environmental degradation|mmebi]] ala mmiri, ịkwụ ụgwọ nke ndị ọrụ ahụ metụtara na nguzozi ogologo oge n'etiti Nchịkwa idei mmiri na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nyamate|first=Blessing Jean|date=2026-05-29|title=NEMA, Stakeholders Resume Lubigi Wetland Restoration After Grace Period Ends|url=https://chimpreports.com/nema-stakeholders-resume-lubigi-wetland-restoration-after-grace-period-ends/|accessdate=2026-06-20|work=ChimpReports|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=K. Kayima|first=John|date=August 2018|title=Ecological Characteristics and Morphological Features of the Lubigi Wetland in Uganda|url=http://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=7146|journal=Environment and Ecology Research|language=en|volume=6|issue=4|pages=218–228|doi=10.13189/eer.2018.060402|issn=2331-625X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hụkwa ===

* Kampala Capital City Authority
* Ala Mmiri Lubigi

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0020z7a9ulxyydygv5xdylfsw4cdls0</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ogige Ntụrụndụ Bou-Hedma</title>
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        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339847769|Bou-Hedma National Park]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Ogige Ntụrụndụ Bou-Hedma''' dị na Gafsa Governorate na Sidi Bouzid Governorate, na [[Tunisia]]. E kere ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ na Disemba 18, 1980, ọ nọkwa na ndepụta UNESCO nke Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa kemgbe Mee 28, 2008 

Ogige ntụrụndụ mba dị oke mkpa n'ihi osisi na anụmanụ ya. Ụdị anụmanụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke e webatara ebe a gụnyere scimitar oryx (Oryx dammah), addax (Addax nasomuculatus), enyí ugwu Afrịka (Struthio camelus camelus) na dama gazelle (Gazella dama mhorr). 

Bou-Hedma bụ ebe dị mkpa e ji ihe ochie gwuo egwu. Ọ gụnyere, tinyere ihe fọdụrụ n'ebe ndị Rom oge ochie bi, dịka obodo ndị Rom, àkwà mmiri ndị Rom nke Wadi Bautista, ọdọ mmiri ndị Rom oge ochie na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'ime ọwa mmiri ndị Rom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bou-Hedma National Park, TUNISIA|url=https://medomed.org/featured_item/bou-hedma-national-park-and-its-archaeological-landscape-tunisia/|accessdate=2020-09-21|work=Med-O-Med|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
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'''Ogige Ntụrụndụ Bou-Hedma''' dị na Gafsa Governorate na Sidi Bouzid Governorate, na [[Tunisia]]. E kere ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ na Disemba 18, 1980, ọ nọkwa na ndepụta UNESCO nke Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa kemgbe Mee 28, 2008 &lt;ref&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5384/ Bou-Hedma National Park in UNESCO]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ogige ntụrụndụ mba dị oke mkpa n'ihi osisi na anụmanụ ya. Ụdị anụmanụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke e webatara ebe a gụnyere scimitar oryx (Oryx dammah), addax (Addax nasomuculatus), enyí ugwu Afrịka (Struthio camelus camelus) na dama gazelle (Gazella dama mhorr). 

Bou-Hedma bụ ebe dị mkpa e ji ihe ochie gwuo egwu. Ọ gụnyere, tinyere ihe fọdụrụ n'ebe ndị Rom oge ochie bi, dịka obodo ndị Rom, àkwà mmiri ndị Rom nke Wadi Bautista, ọdọ mmiri ndị Rom oge ochie na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'ime ọwa mmiri ndị Rom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bou-Hedma National Park, TUNISIA|url=https://medomed.org/featured_item/bou-hedma-national-park-and-its-archaeological-landscape-tunisia/|accessdate=2020-09-21|work=Med-O-Med|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>41e9nymkxkp7byvfbbszhxpiy1bwnnj</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Olaokun Soyinka</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>671994</id>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>61353</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342996785|Olaokun Soyinka]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Olaokun Soyinka''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Olaokun Soyinka.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 11 Nọvemba 1958) bụ dọkịta Naijiria na onye bụbu onye isi oche Ogun State maka ahụike . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.channelstv.com/tag/dr-olaokun-soyinka/|title=Efforts In Containing Ebola Have Been Fantastic- Soyinka|accessdate=6 April 2015|work=Channels Television|date=23 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/ogun-targets-200-000-enrolees-for-insurance-health-scheme/202669/|title=Ogun Targets 200,000 Enrolees for Insurance Health Scheme|date=25 February 2015|accessdate=6 April 2015|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nna ya, Wole Soyinka, bụ onye nrite Nobel nke abụọ n'Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics {{!}} Dailytrust|url=https://dailytrust.com/|accessdate=2022-04-23|work=Daily Trust|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nigeria.gounna.com/show/show/41714/1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412040820/http://nigeria.gounna.com/show/show/41714/1|archivedate=12 April 2015|title=My father still owes me a pet dog –Olaokun Soyinka|work=Gounna|accessdate=6 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.african-writing.com/seven/uzoruzoatu.htm|title=The Essential Soyinka|author=Uzor Maxim Uzoatu|issn=1754-6672|accessdate=6 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;97&quot; href=&quot;./Wole_Soyinka&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Wole Soyinka&quot;&gt;Ajị Soyinka's son– Olaokun&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;website&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Online Nigeria&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;accessdate&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;6 April 2015&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;archive-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;13 April 2015&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;archive-url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150413084457/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=7892&amp;amp;amp;z=17&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;url-status&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;dead&amp;amp;quot;}},&amp;amp;quot;i&amp;amp;quot;:0}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwjQ\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt25\&quot; class=\&quot;citation web cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;mwjg\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20150413084457/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=7892&amp;amp;amp;z=17\&quot; id=\&quot;mwjw\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;My burden as Soyinka's son– Olaokun\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=\&quot;mwkA\&quot;&gt;Online Nigeria&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Archived from &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=7892&amp;amp;amp;z=17\&quot; id=\&quot;mwkQ\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;the original&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; on 13 April 2015&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;reference-accessdate\&quot; id=\&quot;mwkg\&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=\&quot;nowrap\&quot; id=\&quot;mwkw\&quot;&gt;6 April&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; 2015&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-online_6-0&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Olaokun_Soyinka#cite_note-online-6 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;3&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; O nwere ụmụnne itoolu. Ọ gara Government College, Ibadan, tupu ọ chụsoo ọrụ na Medicine.&lt;ref name=&quot;online&quot; /&gt; .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=eribake|first=akintayo|date=2010-04-03|title=How Sani Abacha died, by Jerry Useni (2)|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/04/how-sani-abacha-died-by-jerry-useni-2/|accessdate=2022-09-13|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ gara Mahadum nke London (St Thomas's Hospital Medical School) wee ruo eru dị ka mark na 1982 ma nweta MBA na Cranfield School of Management na 1986. Ọ ọrụ dị ka nri na UK tupu o guzobe ma bipụta British Journal of Cardiology .  Ọ bụ onye otu na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke Naijiria prodemocracy movement na ike ukwu nke NALICON (National Liberation Council of Nigeria).  Ọ bụkwa onye otu New Nigeria Forum ebe ya na Dr Kayode Fayemi rụ ọrụ iji bipụta NigeriaNow, akwụkwọ ndị prodemocracy.  Ya, ya na obere ndị na-eme ọnụ iwe (Bola Ahmed Tinubu, Kayode Fayemi na Wole Soyinka) rụkọrọ ọrụ ọnụ iji guzobe Radio Free Nigeria nke e mechara kpọwa Redio Kudirat, ụlọ ọrụ, nke na-agbasa ozi kwa ụbọchị na Naijiria.  Ọ la ọdịdị n'afọ 1998, mgbe onye aka ike nke ndị agha, Sani Abacha nwụsịrị.

.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2012-02-18|title=Affordable healthcare for all is the goal - Dr Olaokun Soyinka|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/02/affordable-healthcare-for-all-is-the-goal-dr-olaokun-soyinka-2/|accessdate=2022-04-23|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;ọrịa ọ la n'ụdị, ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-akpata nsogbu na eze.  Mgbe oge mmalite maka UN na CIDA nri, ọ mgbatị awụ atọ n'ikiri mba WHO dị ka onye na-abụ mbụ.  Akụ ya ka ọ bụrụ Kọmishọna maka akwụkwọ, Ogun State.  Mgbe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka Kọmishọna, ọ butere ụzọ n'imepụta usoro mmepụta nke Ogun State Community nke a na-akpọ Araya

== Edemsibia ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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    <title>Kimiko Hirata</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1295094354|Kimiko Hirata]]&quot;</comment>
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  &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}'''Kimiko Hirata''' (平田 仁子, ''Hirata Kimiko'', amụrụ n'afọ 1970) &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 1, 2021|title=Dr. Kimiko Hirata (2019 GSSS graduate) wins Goldman Environmental Prize, known as 'Green Nobel'|url=https://www.waseda.jp/fsss/sss/news-en/2021/07/01/9463/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=School of Social Sciences, Waseda University}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye na-akwado  ihu igwe na Japan. Dị ka onye guzobere Kiko Network, otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, ọ na-eme mkpọsa maka ibelata mwepụta anwụrụ ndị na-emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi ruo ihe karịrị afọ 20.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Watts|first=Jonathan|date=June 15, 2021|title='Our fight is more visible': Goldman environment prize winners see shift in political winds|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jun/15/we-need-real-change-japanese-activist-urges-faster-coal-phase-out|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ishii|first=Toru|date=July 10, 2021|title=Prize-winning activist warns world has 'no time to lose'|work=The Asahi Shimbun|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14379350|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ dị n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2022, ọrụ ya emeela ka a kagbuo atụmatụ iwulite ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik iri na asaa nke ga-eji kol  arụ ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 6, 2022|title=BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year?|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hirata duzikwara mkpọsa mwepụ kol dị mkpa megide  Mizuho Financial Group na Mitsubishi UFJ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Temple-West|first=Patrick|date=June 30, 2021|title=The rise of ESG-linked pay packages|work=FT.com|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2556248559|accessdate=2022-12-09|id={{ProQuest|2556248559}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka onye isi nchịkwa maka ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na atụmatụ  dị na Tokyo, Climate Integrate, nke na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite mbelata ikuku carbon ngwa ngwa.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 7, 2022|title=Japanese climate activist Kimiko Hirata makes BBC's 100 influential women list|work=Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/12/07/national/kimiko-hirata-bbc-influential-women/|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About – Our Team|url=https://en.climateintegrate.org/about|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=Climate Integrate|date=January 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2021, Hirata ghọrọ nwanyị Japan mbụ e nyere Goldman Environmental Prize, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 6, 2022|title=BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year?|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Watts|first=Jonathan|date=June 15, 2021|title='Our fight is more visible': Goldman environment prize winners see shift in political winds|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jun/15/we-need-real-change-japanese-activist-urges-faster-coal-phase-out|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke a na-akpọ &quot;Green Nobel&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Toussaint|first=Kristin|date=June 15, 2021|title=These are the winners of 2021's 'Green Nobels'|work=[[Fast Company]]|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90646325/these-are-the-winners-of-2021s-green-nobels|accessdate=2022-12-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2022, e depụtara aha ya na [[BBC 100 Women|Ndepụta BBC 100]] nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere mmetụta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 7, 2022|title=Japanese climate activist Kimiko Hirata makes BBC's 100 influential women list|work=Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/12/07/national/kimiko-hirata-bbc-influential-women/|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere PhD na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na site na Mahadum Waseda,  ma bụrụkwa onye dere Climate Change and Politics (2019) na Japanese,  ma soro dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na isiokwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 1, 2021|title=Dr. Kimiko Hirata (2019 GSSS graduate) wins Goldman Environmental Prize, known as 'Green Nobel'|url=https://www.waseda.jp/fsss/sss/news-en/2021/07/01/9463/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=School of Social Sciences, Waseda University}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About – Our Team|url=https://en.climateintegrate.org/about|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=Climate Integrate|date=January 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ na mmalite ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Hirata na ndịda Kumamoto prefecture, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na mahadum.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fukue|first=Natsuko|date=June 16, 2021|title='No time to waste' warns Japan climate activist|work=[[The Jakarta Post]]|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2021/06/16/no-time-to-waste-warns-japan-climate-activist.html|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere ịmara oke mgbanwe ihu igwe n'oge 1992 Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Japan kọrọ nke ukwuu maka ya, ọ malitere ịgụ akwụkwọ gụnyere Earth in the Balance nke AI Gore dere .&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Becktold|first=Wendy|date=June 15, 2021|title=From Ordinary to Extraordinary: Kimiko Hirata, Anti-Coal Activist|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/ordinary-extraordinary-kimiko-hirata-anti-coal-activist|accessdate=2022-12-15|work=Sierra – The Magazine of the Sierra Club}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere inwe mmasị na nkwado ọrụ mba ụwa mgbe ọ na-amụ ihe site n'aka Masako Hoshino, onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ ma  bụrụkwa onye nyere aka ịmalite otu n'ime NGO mbụ nke Japan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ishii|first=Toru|date=July 10, 2021|title=Prize-winning activist warns world has 'no time to lose'|work=The Asahi Shimbun|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14379350|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 2015|title=Global First Responder|url=https://www.gov-online.go.jp/eng/publicity/book/hlj/html/201508/201508_03_en.html|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=Government of Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ gara rụọ ọrụ n'aka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fukue|first=Natsuko|date=June 16, 2021|title='No time to waste' warns Japan climate activist|work=[[The Jakarta Post]]|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2021/06/16/no-time-to-waste-warns-japan-climate-activist.html|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara n'ihu na-agụ banyere nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ma mụọ Bekee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Becktold|first=Wendy|date=June 15, 2021|title=From Ordinary to Extraordinary: Kimiko Hirata, Anti-Coal Activist|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/ordinary-extraordinary-kimiko-hirata-anti-coal-activist|accessdate=2022-12-15|work=Sierra – The Magazine of the Sierra Club}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1996, ọ hapụrụ ọrụ ya wee kwaga United States maka ọrụ otu afọ na Climate Institute. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; N'ime afọ ya na US, ọ rụkwara ọrụ afọ ofufo na National Water Foundation na maka mmemme Smithsonian nke lekwasịrị anya na ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, ma mụọ ihe ọmụmụ gbasara njikwa NGO.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

O nwetara PhD na Mahadum Waseda  Graduate School of Social Sciences na 1999. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 1, 2021|title=Dr. Kimiko Hirata (2019 GSSS graduate) wins Goldman Environmental Prize, known as 'Green Nobel'|url=https://www.waseda.jp/fsss/sss/news-en/2021/07/01/9463/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=School of Social Sciences, Waseda University}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2021, ọ bụ osote prọfesọ nleta na Mahadum Commerce nke Chiba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=The Goldman Environmental Prize|date=March 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ dịka onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ ==
N'afọ 1997, ọ laghachiri Japan iji mee mkpọsa na COP 3, ebe a nabatara Kyoto Protocol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ishii|first=Toru|date=July 10, 2021|title=Prize-winning activist warns world has 'no time to lose'|work=The Asahi Shimbun|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14379350|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIshii2021&quot;&gt;Ishii, Toru (July 10, 2021). [https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14379350 &quot;Prize-winning activist warns world has 'no time to lose'&quot;]. ''The Asahi Shimbun''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;December 9,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=The Goldman Environmental Prize|date=March 18, 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/ &quot;2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata&quot;]. ''The Goldman Environmental Prize''. March 18, 2022&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;December 9,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; O hiwere Kiko Network, òtù NGO lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwụsị mgbanwe ihu igwe, na 1998. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Becktold|first=Wendy|date=June 15, 2021|title=From Ordinary to Extraordinary: Kimiko Hirata, Anti-Coal Activist|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/ordinary-extraordinary-kimiko-hirata-anti-coal-activist|accessdate=2022-12-15|work=Sierra – The Magazine of the Sierra Club}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBecktold2021&quot;&gt;Becktold, Wendy (June 15, 2021). [https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/ordinary-extraordinary-kimiko-hirata-anti-coal-activist &quot;From Ordinary to Extraordinary: Kimiko Hirata, Anti-Coal Activist&quot;]. ''Sierra – The Magazine of the Sierra Club''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;December 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kiko Network pụtara dị ka otu n'ime òtù ole na ole na-enyocha nkwenye Japan na Kyoto Protocol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== Ọgụ megide ike kol ===
Mgbe ala ọma jijiji, ebili mmiri tsunami, na ọdachi nuklia mere na Fukushima gasịrị n'ọnwa Maachị 2011, gọọmentị Japan gbanwere iwu iji kwe ka e wuo ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik ọhụrụ ndị na-eji kol arụ ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ishii|first=Toru|date=July 10, 2021|title=Prize-winning activist warns world has 'no time to lose'|work=The Asahi Shimbun|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14379350|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu  mgbe ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ nuklia emepụtala ihe dịka pasent 30 nke ọkụ Eletrik nkeJapan, mana gọọmentị mechiri ha n'ihi ọdachi ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Becktold|first=Wendy|date=June 15, 2021|title=From Ordinary to Extraordinary: Kimiko Hirata, Anti-Coal Activist|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/ordinary-extraordinary-kimiko-hirata-anti-coal-activist|accessdate=2022-12-15|work=Sierra – The Magazine of the Sierra Club}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị Japan malitere ịnwe obi abụọ banyere ike nuklia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Iji dozie nsogbu ike na-esote, gọọmentị rịọrọ ka e wuo ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eji kol arụ ọrụ, ka ọ na-erule afọ 2015, e nweelarị atụmatụ iwulite ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ iri ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; N'ụzọ dị otú a, Japan ghọrọ naanị MBA G7 nke nwere atụmatụ iwulite ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik ọhụrụ na-eji kol arụ ọrụ n'oge ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hirata|first=Kimiko|date=September 26, 2018|title=[Letter] Abe wants to save planet as Japan expands coal use|work=[[The Financial Times]]|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e375ae6c-bffa-11e8-95b1-d36dfef1b89a|accessdate=2022-12-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hirata ghọtara na Kiko Network kwesịrị ịgbanwe uche ya site n'ọrụ iwu kwadoro gaa na mkpọsa ndị mmadụ, &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Becktold|first=Wendy|date=June 15, 2021|title=From Ordinary to Extraordinary: Kimiko Hirata, Anti-Coal Activist|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/ordinary-extraordinary-kimiko-hirata-anti-coal-activist|accessdate=2022-12-15|work=Sierra – The Magazine of the Sierra Club}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBecktold2021&quot;&gt;Becktold, Wendy (June 15, 2021). [https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/ordinary-extraordinary-kimiko-hirata-anti-coal-activist &quot;From Ordinary to Extraordinary: Kimiko Hirata, Anti-Coal Activist&quot;]. ''Sierra – The Magazine of the Sierra Club''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;December 15,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; o wee nabata atụmatụ dị iche iche iji lụso kol ọgụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=The Goldman Environmental Prize|date=March 18, 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/ &quot;2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata&quot;]. ''The Goldman Environmental Prize''. March 18, 2022&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;December 9,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Kiko Network webatara weebụsaịtị iji soro atụmatụ ọrụ ike kol a na-atụ anya ya n'ofe mba ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Iji mee ka a mara ihe egwu ike ọkụ sitere na kol na-ebute na gburugburu ebe obibi nakwa na ahụike, Hirata na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị ọkachamara na mmetọ, ndị nta akụkọ, ndị ọkaiwu, na ndị isi obodo, yana ndị otu NGO ndị ọzọ rụkọrọ ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; N'ebe dị mkpa ebe a na-eme atụmatụ ọrụ ike kol, ọ zụlitere netwọk nke ndị na-akwado obodo, kwuo okwu na nnọkọ ọha, ma nyere aka mee ka ndị mmadụ bata na nnọkọ obodo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Ọ kpọkwara ndị ọkachamara mba ụwa ka ha kwado ya n'inyocha ọnụahịa na ihe ize ndụ metụtara ụlọ ọrụ kol, wee wepụta ihe ha chọpụtara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=The Goldman Environmental Prize|date=March 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hirata so onye nchọpụta si [[Greenpeace]] rụkọọ ọrụ na akụkọ nke chọpụtara na mmetọ ikuku a na-atụ anya ya ga-ebute ọnwụ 1,000 na Japan kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Becktold|first=Wendy|date=June 15, 2021|title=From Ordinary to Extraordinary: Kimiko Hirata, Anti-Coal Activist|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/ordinary-extraordinary-kimiko-hirata-anti-coal-activist|accessdate=2022-12-15|work=Sierra – The Magazine of the Sierra Club}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye, Sustainable Finance Program na Mahadum Oxford na Carbon Tracker mere nyocha nke ihe ize ndụ itinye ego nke mere ka a kagbuo ụlọ ọrụ kol ndị a na-eme atụmatụ yana ndị a na arụ, ma wepụ ụgbọ mmiri dị adị. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 6, 2019|title=Japan could face US$71 billion of stranded coal assets without policy reform|url=https://carbontracker.org/press-release-japan/|accessdate=2022-12-17|work=Carbon Tracker}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iji tinye nrụgide ọzọ na ahụ ndị na-eme iwu na Japan, Hirata na ndị NGO na mba ụwa rụkọtara ọrụ, gụnyere Climate Action Network, nke nyere Japan ọtụtụ ihe nrite &quot;Fossil of the Day&quot; maka 'ime ihe kachasị iji nweta nke kacha nta' n'ihe gbasara ọganihu na mgbanwe ihu igwe. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=The Goldman Environmental Prize|date=March 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fossil of the Day Archives|url=https://climatenetwork.org/resource_type/fossil-of-the-day/|accessdate=2022-12-18|work=Climate Action Network International}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbasa ozi ndị Japan kpuchiri mkpesa mba ụwa megide megide amụma kol nke Japan nke ukwuu;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Hirata haziri ngagharị iwe n'ọtụtụ nzukọ COP, [1] ma gwa ndị nta akụkọ okwu tupu nzukọ G20.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Goldman Environmental Prize|date=June 15, 2021|title=Kimiko Hirata, 2021 Goldman Environmental Prize, Japan|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbFHiAR-5m8|work=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=June 26, 2019|title=[Review] Environmentalists Protest Against Japan's Reliance on Coal to Raise Awareness Ahead of G20|work=Sputnik|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2246994300|accessdate=2022-12-18|id={{ProQuest|2246994300}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2022, mkpọsa Hirata nke ndị mmadụ na-eme iji dọta uche ha na mmetụta ha nwere ike inwe n'ihe gbasara mmetọ ikuku na mgbanwe ihu igwe emeela ka a kagbuo ụlọ ọrụ ike kol iri na asaa n'ime iri ise e mere atụmatụ ime.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ishii|first=Toru|date=July 10, 2021|title=Prize-winning activist warns world has 'no time to lose'|work=The Asahi Shimbun|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14379350|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 1, 2021|title=Dr. Kimiko Hirata (2019 GSSS graduate) wins Goldman Environmental Prize, known as 'Green Nobel'|url=https://www.waseda.jp/fsss/sss/news-en/2021/07/01/9463/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=School of Social Sciences, Waseda University}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbasa ozi maka iwepụ kol ===
N'afọ 2020, Hirata butere ụzọ na mkpọsa ndị nwere òkè iji manye megabank Mizuho Financial Group, onye na-agbazinye ego kachasị n'ụwa nye ndị na-emepụta kol, iji mee ka ọ gbasie iwu ya ike n'ịnye ụlọ ọrụ kọl ego.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=The Goldman Environmental Prize|date=March 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Yamaguchi|first=Yuzo|date=June 9, 2020|title=Japanese megabanks face growing investor pressure to fight climate change|work=S&amp;P Global Market Intelligence|url=https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/japanese-megabanks-face-growing-investor-pressure-to-fight-climate-change-58972698|accessdate=2022-12-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kiko Network tụpụtara atụmatụ ya site n'enyemaka nke ego Nordic isii n'etiti Machị, ọ bụ mkpebi mgbanwe ihu igwe mbụ nke ndị nwere òkè tụpụtara maka ụlọ ọrụ edepụtara na Japan.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; ma kpọọ maka nkwupụta mgbanwe ihu igwe, yana atụmatụ nwere ebumnuche akọwapụtara iji mee ka azụmahịa ya kwekọọ na nkwekọrịta ihu igwe Paris. &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sheldrick|first=Aaron|date=June 25, 2020|title=Mizuho shareholders reject first climate motion put to a Japanese company|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-mizuho-coal-idUSKBN23W0KU|accessdate=2022-12-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sim|first=Walter|date=April 21, 2020|title=Japan's mega banks vow not to finance new coal plants|work=[[The Straits Times]]|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2392372675|accessdate=2022-12-17|id={{ProQuest|2392372675}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Otu ọnwa mgbe a tụchara aro ahụ, Mizuho kwupụtara na ọ ga-akwụsị ịgbazinye ego nye ụlọ ọrụ kol ọhụrụ na Juun nke afọ ahụ, nakwa na ọ na-eme atụmatụ ịpụ na itinye ego kol na 2050; otu ụbọchị ka e mesịrị, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group kwupụtakwara na ọ ga-akwụsị inye mgbazinye ego nye ụlọ ọrụ kol na Mee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; Hirata zaghachiri na atụmatụ abụọ ahụ erughị nkwekọrịta Paris.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Yamaguchi|first=Yuzo|date=June 11, 2020|title=Japanese megabanks face growing investor pressure to fight climate change|work=SNL Asia-Pacific Financials Daily|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2412430596|accessdate=2022-12-17|id={{ProQuest|2412430596}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Na Juun 2020, ọ bụ ezie na mkpebi ahụ emezughị, ọ nwetara nkwado dị elu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, pasent 35 nke ndị nke ndị nwere òkè Mizuho tụrụ vootu na nkwado.   &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Temple-West|first=Patrick|date=June 30, 2021|title=The rise of ESG-linked pay packages|work=FT.com|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2556248559|accessdate=2022-12-09|id={{ProQuest|2556248559}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Na 2021, ọ gbara mbọ maka mkpebi ihu igwe yiri nke ahụ na Mitsubishi UFJ nke Kiko Group, Market Forces, Rainforest Action Network, na 350.org Japan tinyere ọnụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Temple-West|first=Patrick|date=June 30, 2021|title=The rise of ESG-linked pay packages|work=FT.com|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2556248559|accessdate=2022-12-09|id={{ProQuest|2556248559}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Atụmatụ nke chọrọ ka ụlọ akụ ahụ tinye ego ya na nkwekọrịta ihu igwe nke Paris meriri pasentị iri abụọ na atọ nke votu ndị nwere òkè. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

N'ihi mbọ Hirata na-agba ndị azụmaahịa ume ka ha kwụsị itinye aka na kol, ka ọ na-erule 2021, ihe karịrị ndị isi 10 na-emepụta kol mara ọkwa na ha ga-akwụsị imepụta ma ọ bụ kwado ọrụ kol ọhụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=The Goldman Environmental Prize|date=March 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Iwepụ ikuku carbon ===
Hirata kwụsịrị ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi mba ụwa nke Kiko Network na Disemba 2021, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka nọ na bọọdụ ndị nduzi ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 26, 2021|title=環境NGOの気候ネットワーク(KIKO)の平田仁子さんが、KIKOから&quot;卒業&quot;.新年から新たな活動へ|url=https://rief-jp.org/ct7/121150|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=Research Institute for Environmental Finance|language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Jenụwarị 2022, o hiwere Climate Integrate iji lekwasị anya na mbeleta mgbasa ikuku carbon site na ya na ndị mmekọ na Japan na mba ụwa ịrụkọ ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 6, 2022|title=BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year?|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About – Our Team|url=https://en.climateintegrate.org/about|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=Climate Integrate|date=January 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2022, Climate Integrate wepụtara akụkọ, &quot;Getting Lost on the Road to Decarbonization: Japan's Big Plans for Ammonia&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 19, 2022|title=【Report】Getting Lost on the Road to Decarbonization: Japan's Big Plans for Ammonia|url=https://beyond-coal.jp/en/documents/ammonia-report_climate-inetegrate/|accessdate=2022-12-18|work=Japan Beyond Coal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Hirata na di ya na  ụmụ ha abụọ bi na Tokyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 1, 2021|title=Dr. Kimiko Hirata (2019 GSSS graduate) wins Goldman Environmental Prize, known as 'Green Nobel'|url=https://www.waseda.jp/fsss/sss/news-en/2021/07/01/9463/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=School of Social Sciences, Waseda University}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.waseda.jp/fsss/sss/news-en/2021/07/01/9463/ &quot;Dr. Kimiko Hirata (2019 GSSS graduate) wins Goldman Environmental Prize, known as 'Green Nobel'&quot;]. ''School of Social Sciences, Waseda University''. July 1, 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;December 9,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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== Njikọ Mpụga ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbFHiAR-5m8 Kimiko Hirata, 2021 Goldman Environmental Prize, Japan] (YouTube)
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  &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}'''Kimiko Hirata''' (平田 仁子, ''Hirata Kimiko'', amụrụ n'afọ 1970) &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 1, 2021|title=Dr. Kimiko Hirata (2019 GSSS graduate) wins Goldman Environmental Prize, known as 'Green Nobel'|url=https://www.waseda.jp/fsss/sss/news-en/2021/07/01/9463/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=School of Social Sciences, Waseda University}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye na-akwado  ihu igwe na Japan. Dị ka onye guzobere Kiko Network, otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, ọ na-eme mkpọsa maka ibelata mwepụta anwụrụ ndị na-emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi ruo ihe karịrị afọ 20.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Watts|first=Jonathan|date=June 15, 2021|title='Our fight is more visible': Goldman environment prize winners see shift in political winds|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jun/15/we-need-real-change-japanese-activist-urges-faster-coal-phase-out|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ishii|first=Toru|date=July 10, 2021|title=Prize-winning activist warns world has 'no time to lose'|work=The Asahi Shimbun|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14379350|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ dị n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2022, ọrụ ya emeela ka a kagbuo atụmatụ iwulite ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik iri na asaa nke ga-eji kol  arụ ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 6, 2022|title=BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year?|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hirata duzikwara mkpọsa mwepụ kol dị mkpa megide  Mizuho Financial Group na Mitsubishi UFJ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Temple-West|first=Patrick|date=June 30, 2021|title=The rise of ESG-linked pay packages|work=FT.com|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2556248559|accessdate=2022-12-09|id={{ProQuest|2556248559}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka onye isi nchịkwa maka ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na atụmatụ  dị na Tokyo, Climate Integrate, nke na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite mbelata ikuku carbon ngwa ngwa.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 7, 2022|title=Japanese climate activist Kimiko Hirata makes BBC's 100 influential women list|work=Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/12/07/national/kimiko-hirata-bbc-influential-women/|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About – Our Team|url=https://en.climateintegrate.org/about|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=Climate Integrate|date=January 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2021, Hirata ghọrọ nwanyị Japan mbụ e nyere Goldman Environmental Prize, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 6, 2022|title=BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year?|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Watts|first=Jonathan|date=June 15, 2021|title='Our fight is more visible': Goldman environment prize winners see shift in political winds|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jun/15/we-need-real-change-japanese-activist-urges-faster-coal-phase-out|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke a na-akpọ &quot;Green Nobel&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Toussaint|first=Kristin|date=June 15, 2021|title=These are the winners of 2021's 'Green Nobels'|work=[[Fast Company]]|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90646325/these-are-the-winners-of-2021s-green-nobels|accessdate=2022-12-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2022, e depụtara aha ya na [[BBC 100 Women|Ndepụta BBC 100]] nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere mmetụta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 7, 2022|title=Japanese climate activist Kimiko Hirata makes BBC's 100 influential women list|work=Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/12/07/national/kimiko-hirata-bbc-influential-women/|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere PhD na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na site na Mahadum Waseda,  ma bụrụkwa onye dere Climate Change and Politics (2019) na Japanese,  ma soro dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na isiokwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About – Our Team|url=https://en.climateintegrate.org/about|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=Climate Integrate|date=January 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ na mmalite ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Hirata na ndịda Kumamoto prefecture, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na mahadum.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fukue|first=Natsuko|date=June 16, 2021|title='No time to waste' warns Japan climate activist|work=[[The Jakarta Post]]|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2021/06/16/no-time-to-waste-warns-japan-climate-activist.html|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere ịmara oke mgbanwe ihu igwe n'oge 1992 Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Japan kọrọ nke ukwuu maka ya, ọ malitere ịgụ akwụkwọ gụnyere Earth in the Balance nke AI Gore dere .&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Ọ malitere inwe mmasị na nkwado ọrụ mba ụwa mgbe ọ na-amụ ihe site n'aka Masako Hoshino, onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ ma  bụrụkwa onye nyere aka ịmalite otu n'ime NGO mbụ nke Japan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ gara rụọ ọrụ n'aka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fukue|first=Natsuko|date=June 16, 2021|title='No time to waste' warns Japan climate activist|work=[[The Jakarta Post]]|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2021/06/16/no-time-to-waste-warns-japan-climate-activist.html|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara n'ihu na-agụ banyere nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ma mụọ Bekee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 1996, ọ hapụrụ ọrụ ya wee kwaga United States maka ọrụ otu afọ na Climate Institute. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; N'ime afọ ya na US, ọ rụkwara ọrụ afọ ofufo na National Water Foundation na maka mmemme Smithsonian nke lekwasịrị anya na ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, ma mụọ ihe ọmụmụ gbasara njikwa NGO.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

O nwetara PhD na Mahadum Waseda  Graduate School of Social Sciences na 1999. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2021, ọ bụ osote prọfesọ nleta na Mahadum Commerce nke Chiba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=The Goldman Environmental Prize|date=March 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ dịka onye na-akwado ikike mmadụ ==
N'afọ 1997, ọ laghachiri Japan iji mee mkpọsa na COP 3, ebe a nabatara Kyoto Protocol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; O hiwere Kiko Network, òtù NGO lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwụsị mgbanwe ihu igwe, na 1998. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Kiko Network pụtara dị ka otu n'ime òtù ole na ole na-enyocha nkwenye Japan na Kyoto Protocol.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

=== Ọgụ megide ike kol ===
Mgbe ala ọma jijiji, ebili mmiri tsunami, na ọdachi nuklia mere na Fukushima gasịrị n'ọnwa Maachị 2011, gọọmentị Japan gbanwere iwu iji kwe ka e wuo ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik ọhụrụ ndị na-eji kol arụ ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ishii|first=Toru|date=July 10, 2021|title=Prize-winning activist warns world has 'no time to lose'|work=The Asahi Shimbun|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14379350|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu  mgbe ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ nuklia emepụtala ihe dịka pasent 30 nke ọkụ Eletrik nkeJapan, mana gọọmentị mechiri ha n'ihi ọdachi ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Ndị Japan malitere ịnwe obi abụọ banyere ike nuklia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Iji dozie nsogbu ike na-esote, gọọmentị rịọrọ ka e wuo ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-eji kol arụ ọrụ, ka ọ na-erule afọ 2015, e nweelarị atụmatụ iwulite ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ iri ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; N'ụzọ dị otú a, Japan ghọrọ naanị MBA G7 nke nwere atụmatụ iwulite ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik ọhụrụ na-eji kol arụ ọrụ n'oge ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hirata|first=Kimiko|date=September 26, 2018|title=[Letter] Abe wants to save planet as Japan expands coal use|work=[[The Financial Times]]|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e375ae6c-bffa-11e8-95b1-d36dfef1b89a|accessdate=2022-12-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hirata ghọtara na Kiko Network kwesịrị ịgbanwe uche ya site n'ọrụ iwu kwadoro gaa na mkpọsa ndị mmadụ, &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; o wee nabata atụmatụ dị iche iche iji lụso kol ọgụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Kiko Network webatara weebụsaịtị iji soro atụmatụ ọrụ ike kol a na-atụ anya ya n'ofe mba ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Iji mee ka a mara ihe egwu ike ọkụ sitere na kol na-ebute na gburugburu ebe obibi nakwa na ahụike, Hirata na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị ọkachamara na mmetọ, ndị nta akụkọ, ndị ọkaiwu, na ndị isi obodo, yana ndị otu NGO ndị ọzọ rụkọrọ ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; N'ebe dị mkpa ebe a na-eme atụmatụ ọrụ ike kol, ọ zụlitere netwọk nke ndị na-akwado obodo, kwuo okwu na nnọkọ ọha, ma nyere aka mee ka ndị mmadụ bata na nnọkọ obodo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Ọ kpọkwara ndị ọkachamara mba ụwa ka ha kwado ya n'inyocha ọnụahịa na ihe ize ndụ metụtara ụlọ ọrụ kol, wee wepụta ihe ha chọpụtara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=The Goldman Environmental Prize|date=March 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hirata so onye nchọpụta si [[Greenpeace]] rụkọọ ọrụ na akụkọ nke chọpụtara na mmetọ ikuku a na-atụ anya ya ga-ebute ọnwụ 1,000 na Japan kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Becktold|first=Wendy|date=June 15, 2021|title=From Ordinary to Extraordinary: Kimiko Hirata, Anti-Coal Activist|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/ordinary-extraordinary-kimiko-hirata-anti-coal-activist|accessdate=2022-12-15|work=Sierra – The Magazine of the Sierra Club}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye, Sustainable Finance Program na Mahadum Oxford na Carbon Tracker mere nyocha nke ihe ize ndụ itinye ego nke mere ka a kagbuo ụlọ ọrụ kol ndị a na-eme atụmatụ yana ndị a na arụ, ma wepụ ụgbọ mmiri dị adị. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 6, 2019|title=Japan could face US$71 billion of stranded coal assets without policy reform|url=https://carbontracker.org/press-release-japan/|accessdate=2022-12-17|work=Carbon Tracker}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iji tinye nrụgide ọzọ na ahụ ndị na-eme iwu na Japan, Hirata na ndị NGO na mba ụwa rụkọtara ọrụ, gụnyere Climate Action Network, nke nyere Japan ọtụtụ ihe nrite &quot;Fossil of the Day&quot; maka 'ime ihe kachasị iji nweta nke kacha nta' n'ihe gbasara ọganihu na mgbanwe ihu igwe. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=The Goldman Environmental Prize|date=March 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fossil of the Day Archives|url=https://climatenetwork.org/resource_type/fossil-of-the-day/|accessdate=2022-12-18|work=Climate Action Network International}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbasa ozi ndị Japan kpuchiri mkpesa mba ụwa megide megide amụma kol nke Japan nke ukwuu;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Hirata haziri ngagharị iwe n'ọtụtụ nzukọ COP, [1] ma gwa ndị nta akụkọ okwu tupu nzukọ G20.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Goldman Environmental Prize|date=June 15, 2021|title=Kimiko Hirata, 2021 Goldman Environmental Prize, Japan|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbFHiAR-5m8|work=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=June 26, 2019|title=[Review] Environmentalists Protest Against Japan's Reliance on Coal to Raise Awareness Ahead of G20|work=Sputnik|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2246994300|accessdate=2022-12-18|id={{ProQuest|2246994300}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2022, mkpọsa Hirata nke ndị mmadụ na-eme iji dọta uche ha na mmetụta ha nwere ike inwe n'ihe gbasara mmetọ ikuku na mgbanwe ihu igwe emeela ka a kagbuo ụlọ ọrụ ike kol iri na asaa n'ime iri ise e mere atụmatụ ime.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ishii|first=Toru|date=July 10, 2021|title=Prize-winning activist warns world has 'no time to lose'|work=The Asahi Shimbun|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14379350|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 1, 2021|title=Dr. Kimiko Hirata (2019 GSSS graduate) wins Goldman Environmental Prize, known as 'Green Nobel'|url=https://www.waseda.jp/fsss/sss/news-en/2021/07/01/9463/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=School of Social Sciences, Waseda University}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbasa ozi maka iwepụ kol ===
N'afọ 2020, Hirata butere ụzọ na mkpọsa ndị nwere òkè iji manye megabank Mizuho Financial Group, onye na-agbazinye ego kachasị n'ụwa nye ndị na-emepụta kol, iji mee ka ọ gbasie iwu ya ike n'ịnye ụlọ ọrụ kọl ego.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=The Goldman Environmental Prize|date=March 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Yamaguchi|first=Yuzo|date=June 9, 2020|title=Japanese megabanks face growing investor pressure to fight climate change|work=S&amp;P Global Market Intelligence|url=https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/japanese-megabanks-face-growing-investor-pressure-to-fight-climate-change-58972698|accessdate=2022-12-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kiko Network tụpụtara atụmatụ ya site n'enyemaka nke ego Nordic isii n'etiti Machị, ọ bụ mkpebi mgbanwe ihu igwe mbụ nke ndị nwere òkè tụpụtara maka ụlọ ọrụ edepụtara na Japan.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; ma kpọọ maka nkwupụta mgbanwe ihu igwe, yana atụmatụ nwere ebumnuche akọwapụtara iji mee ka azụmahịa ya kwekọọ na nkwekọrịta ihu igwe Paris. &lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sheldrick|first=Aaron|date=June 25, 2020|title=Mizuho shareholders reject first climate motion put to a Japanese company|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-mizuho-coal-idUSKBN23W0KU|accessdate=2022-12-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sim|first=Walter|date=April 21, 2020|title=Japan's mega banks vow not to finance new coal plants|work=[[The Straits Times]]|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2392372675|accessdate=2022-12-17|id={{ProQuest|2392372675}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Otu ọnwa mgbe a tụchara aro ahụ, Mizuho kwupụtara na ọ ga-akwụsị ịgbazinye ego nye ụlọ ọrụ kol ọhụrụ na Juun nke afọ ahụ, nakwa na ọ na-eme atụmatụ ịpụ na itinye ego kol na 2050; otu ụbọchị ka e mesịrị, Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group kwupụtakwara na ọ ga-akwụsị inye mgbazinye ego nye ụlọ ọrụ kol na Mee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; Hirata zaghachiri na atụmatụ abụọ ahụ erughị nkwekọrịta Paris.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Yamaguchi|first=Yuzo|date=June 11, 2020|title=Japanese megabanks face growing investor pressure to fight climate change|work=SNL Asia-Pacific Financials Daily|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2412430596|accessdate=2022-12-17|id={{ProQuest|2412430596}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Na Juun 2020, ọ bụ ezie na mkpebi ahụ emezughị, ọ nwetara nkwado dị elu karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya, pasent 35 nke ndị nke ndị nwere òkè Mizuho tụrụ vootu na nkwado.   &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Temple-West|first=Patrick|date=June 30, 2021|title=The rise of ESG-linked pay packages|work=FT.com|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2556248559|accessdate=2022-12-09|id={{ProQuest|2556248559}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Na 2021, ọ gbara mbọ maka mkpebi ihu igwe yiri nke ahụ na Mitsubishi UFJ nke Kiko Group, Market Forces, Rainforest Action Network, na 350.org Japan tinyere ọnụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Temple-West|first=Patrick|date=June 30, 2021|title=The rise of ESG-linked pay packages|work=FT.com|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2556248559|accessdate=2022-12-09|id={{ProQuest|2556248559}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Atụmatụ nke chọrọ ka ụlọ akụ ahụ tinye ego ya na nkwekọrịta ihu igwe nke Paris meriri pasentị iri abụọ na atọ nke votu ndị nwere òkè. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

N'ihi mbọ Hirata na-agba ndị azụmaahịa ume ka ha kwụsị itinye aka na kol, ka ọ na-erule 2021, ihe karịrị ndị isi 10 na-emepụta kol mara ọkwa na ha ga-akwụsị imepụta ma ọ bụ kwado ọrụ kol ọhụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Goldman Prize Winner – Kimiko Hirata|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/kimiko-hirata/|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=The Goldman Environmental Prize|date=March 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Iwepụ ikuku carbon ===
Hirata kwụsịrị ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi mba ụwa nke Kiko Network na Disemba 2021, ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka nọ na bọọdụ ndị nduzi ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 26, 2021|title=環境NGOの気候ネットワーク(KIKO)の平田仁子さんが、KIKOから&quot;卒業&quot;.新年から新たな活動へ|url=https://rief-jp.org/ct7/121150|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=Research Institute for Environmental Finance|language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Jenụwarị 2022, o hiwere Climate Integrate iji lekwasị anya na mbeleta mgbasa ikuku carbon site na ya na ndị mmekọ na Japan na mba ụwa ịrụkọ ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=December 6, 2022|title=BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year?|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1|accessdate=2022-12-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About – Our Team|url=https://en.climateintegrate.org/about|accessdate=2022-12-09|work=Climate Integrate|date=January 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2022, Climate Integrate wepụtara akụkọ, &quot;Getting Lost on the Road to Decarbonization: Japan's Big Plans for Ammonia&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 19, 2022|title=【Report】Getting Lost on the Road to Decarbonization: Japan's Big Plans for Ammonia|url=https://beyond-coal.jp/en/documents/ammonia-report_climate-inetegrate/|accessdate=2022-12-18|work=Japan Beyond Coal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Hirata na di ya na  ụmụ ha abụọ bi na Tokyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{authority control}}{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ Mpụga ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbFHiAR-5m8 Kimiko Hirata, 2021 Goldman Environmental Prize, Japan] (YouTube)
{{authority control}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kneiss</title>
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      <id>672007</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T16:08:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1274193828|Kneiss]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Kneiss.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Foto Satellite nke Kneiss Islands]]
'''Kneiss''' (Arabic) bụ agwaetiti nke obere agwaetiti dị na Gulf of Gabes, nke dị kilomita ole na ole n'ụsọ oké osimiri [[Tunisia]], ihe dị ka kilomita 50 n'ebe ndịda Sfax.&amp;nbsp;

Aha ha sitere n'ụdị otutu nke okwu ''knissa'' ([Christian] &quot;chọọchị&quot; na Tunisian Arabic) dịka agwaetiti etiti ka nwere ihe nchọpụta ihe ochie nke kwekọrọ na Cenae, ebe obibi ndị mọnk ebe Fulgentius nke Ruspe kwagara gburugburu afọ 503 ruo 505 AD&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ameur Oueslati, Roland Paskoff, Hédi Slim, Pol Trousset|date=1992|title=Les îles Kneiss et le monastère de Fulgence de Ruspe|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/antaf_0066-4871_1992_num_28_1_1207|journal=Antiquitées Africaines|volume=28|pages=223–247|doi=10.3406/antaf.1992.1207}}&lt;/ref&gt;, .&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Trousset|first=P.|date=2008-01-01|title=Kneiss|url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/99|journal=Encyclopédie berbère|language=fr|issue=28–29|pages=4251–4254|doi=10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.99|issn=1015-7344}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFTrousset2008&quot;&gt;Trousset, P. (2008-01-01). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala ==
Na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu, agwaetiti Kneiss anọ na-apụta n'ebe dị n'akụkụ mmiri nke dị kilomita iri na ise n'ogologo karịa kilomita iri na ụma: agwaetiti buru ibu nke dị kilomita abụọ na ọkara n'obosara nke dị gburugburu dị na North-East ma kpọọ ya ''Dzirat el Bessila''. 3 ndị ọzọ bụ agwaetiti dị na South-South West axis: ''Dzirat el Hajar'' &quot;àgwàetiti nke nkume&quot; karịa North, ''Dzirat el Laboua'' &quot;àgwàgwàetiti nke apịtị&quot; n'etiti na ''Dzirat el Gharbia''&quot;àgwà osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ&quot; kachasị South-West.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Trousset|first=P.|date=2008-01-01|title=Kneiss|url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/99|journal=Encyclopédie berbère|language=fr|issue=28–29|pages=4251–4254|doi=10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.99|issn=1015-7344}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFTrousset2008&quot;&gt;Trousset, P. (2008-01-01). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A kpọtụrụ aha ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu agwaetiti &quot;ndị tọgbọrọ n'efu na ndị na-ebighị&quot; n'akwụkwọ Grik Periplus nke Pseudo-Scylax. N'oge etiti, na chaatị Catalan Portolan, dịka nke Gabriel de Vallseca, ihe a na-akpọ taa agwaetiti atọ dị ka naanị otu agwaetiti toro ogologo, a na-akpọkwa Kneiss Frixols. A na-akpọ agwaetiti ndị a n'ozuzu na maapụ Arab dịka Surkenis ya bụ &quot;mgbidi-nke-Kneiss&quot; n'ihi na eriri agwaetiti ndị ahụ nwere ájá gbara ha gburugburu bụ &quot;mgbidi&quot; nye ebili mmiri dị elu ma na-echebe ọnụ mmiri gaa n'Ọdịda Anyanwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Trousset|first=P.|date=2008-01-01|title=Kneiss|url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/99|journal=Encyclopédie berbère|language=fr|issue=28–29|pages=4251–4254|doi=10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.99|issn=1015-7344}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe obibi ==
Nnukwu oke apịtị (hekta 14,500) na mmiri dị omimi bụ ebe obibi nnụnụ dị mkpa ma a na-echebe ha n'okpuru nkwekọrịta Ramsar.[1] Agwaetiti ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, tinyere apịtị dị n'etiti mmiri, ụsọ oké osimiri na ala ahịhịa dị n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri dị n'akụkụ, ka BirdLife International kpọrọ Mpaghara Nnụnụ Dị Mkpa (IBA) n'ihi na ha na-akwado ọtụtụ nnụnụ mmiri na ndị bi na ya n'oge oyi..&lt;ref name=&quot;bli&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/%C3%AEles-kneiss-iba-tunisia|title=Îles Kneiss|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|date=2024|work=BirdLife Data Zone|publisher=BirdLife International|accessdate=2024-10-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672019</id>
      <parentid>672007</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T18:39:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
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      <origin>672019</origin>
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      <text bytes="3741" sha1="mqtv2odf7g1n3xopx5ndl28bd1q6z93" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|Islands belonging to Tunisia}}
{{For|the German stage actor and singer|Ludwig Kneiss}}
{{Designation list
 | designation1 = Ramsar
 | designation1_offname = Iles Kneiss avec leurs zones intertidales
 | designation1_date = 7 November 2007
 | designation1_number = 1704&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Iles Kneiss avec leurs zones intertidales|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1704|accessdate=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

[[Faịlụ:Kneiss.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Foto Satellite nke Kneiss Islands]]
'''Kneiss''' (Arabic) bụ agwaetiti nke obere agwaetiti dị na Gulf of Gabes, nke dị kilomita ole na ole n'ụsọ oké osimiri [[Tunisia]], ihe dị ka kilomita 50 n'ebe ndịda Sfax.&amp;nbsp;

Aha ha sitere n'ụdị otutu nke okwu ''knissa'' ([Christian] &quot;chọọchị&quot; na Tunisian Arabic) dịka agwaetiti etiti ka nwere ihe nchọpụta ihe ochie nke kwekọrọ na Cenae, ebe obibi ndị mọnk ebe Fulgentius nke Ruspe kwagara gburugburu afọ 503 ruo 505 AD&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ameur Oueslati, Roland Paskoff, Hédi Slim, Pol Trousset|date=1992|title=Les îles Kneiss et le monastère de Fulgence de Ruspe|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/antaf_0066-4871_1992_num_28_1_1207|journal=Antiquitées Africaines|volume=28|pages=223–247|doi=10.3406/antaf.1992.1207}}&lt;/ref&gt;, .&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala ==
Na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu, agwaetiti Kneiss anọ na-apụta n'ebe dị n'akụkụ mmiri nke dị kilomita iri na ise n'ogologo karịa kilomita iri na ụma: agwaetiti buru ibu nke dị kilomita abụọ na ọkara n'obosara nke dị gburugburu dị na North-East ma kpọọ ya ''Dzirat el Bessila''. 3 ndị ọzọ bụ agwaetiti dị na South-South West axis: ''Dzirat el Hajar'' &quot;àgwàetiti nke nkume&quot; karịa North, ''Dzirat el Laboua'' &quot;àgwàgwàetiti nke apịtị&quot; n'etiti na ''Dzirat el Gharbia''&quot;àgwà osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ&quot; kachasị South-West.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A kpọtụrụ aha ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu agwaetiti &quot;ndị tọgbọrọ n'efu na ndị na-ebighị&quot; n'akwụkwọ Grik Periplus nke Pseudo-Scylax. N'oge etiti, na chaatị Catalan Portolan, dịka nke Gabriel de Vallseca, ihe a na-akpọ taa agwaetiti atọ dị ka naanị otu agwaetiti toro ogologo, a na-akpọkwa Kneiss Frixols. A na-akpọ agwaetiti ndị a n'ozuzu na maapụ Arab dịka Surkenis ya bụ &quot;mgbidi-nke-Kneiss&quot; n'ihi na eriri agwaetiti ndị ahụ nwere ájá gbara ha gburugburu bụ &quot;mgbidi&quot; nye ebili mmiri dị elu ma na-echebe ọnụ mmiri gaa n'Ọdịda Anyanwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Trousset|first=P.|date=2008-01-01|title=Kneiss|url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/99|journal=Encyclopédie berbère|language=fr|issue=28–29|pages=4251–4254|doi=10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.99|issn=1015-7344}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe obibi ==
Nnukwu oke apịtị (hekta 14,500) na mmiri dị omimi bụ ebe obibi nnụnụ dị mkpa ma a na-echebe ha n'okpuru nkwekọrịta Ramsar.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sites/index.html?action=SitHTMDetails.asp&amp;sid=6949&amp;m=0 Bird Life]&lt;/ref&gt; Agwaetiti ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, tinyere apịtị dị n'etiti mmiri, ụsọ oké osimiri na ala ahịhịa dị n'akụkụ ụsọ oké osimiri dị n'akụkụ, ka BirdLife International kpọrọ Mpaghara Nnụnụ Dị Mkpa (IBA) n'ihi na ha na-akwado ọtụtụ nnụnụ mmiri na ndị bi na ya n'oge oyi..&lt;ref name=&quot;bli&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/%C3%AEles-kneiss-iba-tunisia|title=Îles Kneiss|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|date=2024|work=BirdLife Data Zone|publisher=BirdLife International|accessdate=2024-10-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>mqtv2odf7g1n3xopx5ndl28bd1q6z93</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Maida Bilal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77390</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672017</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T18:07:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mirah50</username>
        <id>16972</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343502722|Maida Bilal]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>672017</origin>
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'''Maida Bilal''' bụ onye Bosnia na-akwado maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke a maara maka idu otu ụmụ nwanyị n'ime mkpọchi ụbọchị 503 nke kwụsịrị na Disemba 2018. Ìgwè ahụ guzogidere mmegharị na itinye ngwá ọrụ dị arọ nke mere ka a kagbuo iwu ụlọ mgbochi mmiri abụọ n'osimiri Kruščica. Omume a nyere aka chekwaa ma chebe osimiri Kruščica, isi iyi dị mkpa maka mmiri na akụrụngwa maka obodo Kruščica na ihe dị ka mmadụ 145,000 bi   na obodo abụọ dị nso, ka ha ghara imebi ya n'ụzọ a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe site na iwu ụlọ mgbochi mmiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-18|title=Maida Bilal - Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/maida-bilal/|accessdate=2022-12-24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sito-sucic|first=Daria|date=2021-06-16|title=Bosnian woman awarded 'Green Nobel' for fighting to save river|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/bosnian-woman-awarded-green-nobel-fighting-save-river-2021-06-16/|accessdate=2022-12-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;The River is Part of Me&quot;|url=https://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/articles/entry/the-river-is-part-of-me/|accessdate=2022-12-24|work=Earth Island Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Bilal ma zụlite ya na Kruščica , obodo nta dị n'ugwu dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ Sarajevo. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nwa oge na nchịkwa ego na-enweghị ahụmịhe mbụ na ngagharị iwe gburugburu ebe obibi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-18|title=Maida Bilal - Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/maida-bilal/|accessdate=2022-12-24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-24|title=Goldman Prize winner Maida Bilal and the women who saved a river in 503 days|url=https://www.lifegate.com/maida-bilal-bosnia-goldman-prize|accessdate=2022-12-24|work=LifeGate|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị maka mgbanwe ==
N'afọ 2017, Bilal so wee hiwe otu ụmụ amaala Eko Bistro ma ghọọ onye ọrụ afọ ofufo nke Bosnia-Herzegovina River Coalition, nke na-anọchite anya ìgwè 30 na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi si Bosnia na Herzegovina. Nguzogide nke otu ụmụ nwanyị ahụ mere ka mere ka a kagbuo iwu ụlọ mgbochi mmiri abụọ a tụrụ aro na osimiri ahụ, na Disemba 2018. Osimiri Kruščica bụ ihe dị mkpa maka obodo Kruščica na obodo ndị dị nso, na iwu ụlọ mgbochi mmiri ga-enwe mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na nke na-adịghị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi na obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sito-sucic|first=Daria|date=2021-06-16|title=Bosnian woman awarded 'Green Nobel' for fighting to save river|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/bosnian-woman-awarded-green-nobel-fighting-save-river-2021-06-16/|accessdate=2022-12-24}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSito-sucic2021&quot;&gt;Sito-sucic, Daria (2021-06-16). [https://www.reuters.com/world/bosnian-woman-awarded-green-nobel-fighting-save-river-2021-06-16/ &quot;Bosnian woman awarded 'Green Nobel' for fighting to save river&quot;]. ''Reuters''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Bilal na ndị ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ chere ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ihu n'oge mgbochi ahụ, gụnyere mmegbu na iyi egwu sitere n'aka ndị uwe ojii na ndị na-etinye ego, yana ọnọdụ ihu igwe siri ike. N'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike ndị a, ha nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'igbochi iwu ụlọ mgbochi mmiri na ime ka a mara ihe egwu nke mmụba ụlọ mgbochi  mmiri  na mpaghara ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sito-sucic|first=Daria|date=2021-06-16|title=Bosnian woman awarded 'Green Nobel' for fighting to save river|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/bosnian-woman-awarded-green-nobel-fighting-save-river-2021-06-16/|accessdate=2022-12-24}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSito-sucic2021&quot;&gt;Sito-sucic, Daria (2021-06-16). [https://www.reuters.com/world/bosnian-woman-awarded-green-nobel-fighting-save-river-2021-06-16/ &quot;Bosnian woman awarded 'Green Nobel' for fighting to save river&quot;]. ''Reuters''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why Balkan hydroelectricity is controversial – DW – 12/14/2021|url=https://www.dw.com/en/the-controversy-around-balkan-hydroelectricity/a-59793414|accessdate=2025-12-31|work=dw.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe nrite na mmata ===
N'ịkwado mbọ ya niile, Bilal enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye na nkwanye ùgwù. Na 2018, a kpọrọ ya &quot;Onye mmeri ụwa&quot; site na [[Ihe Omume Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|Mmemme Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]], na 2021, o nwetara ihe nrite Goldman Environmental Prize. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-18|title=Maida Bilal - Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/maida-bilal/|accessdate=2022-12-24|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/maida-bilal/ &quot;Maida Bilal - Goldman Environmental Prize&quot;]. 2022-03-18&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sito-sucic|first=Daria|date=2021-06-16|title=Bosnian woman awarded 'Green Nobel' for fighting to save river|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/bosnian-woman-awarded-green-nobel-fighting-save-river-2021-06-16/|accessdate=2022-12-24}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSito-sucic2021&quot;&gt;Sito-sucic, Daria (2021-06-16). [https://www.reuters.com/world/bosnian-woman-awarded-green-nobel-fighting-save-river-2021-06-16/ &quot;Bosnian woman awarded 'Green Nobel' for fighting to save river&quot;]. ''Reuters''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WWF Adria Congratulates Maida Bilal and Women of Kruščica on the Global Recognition for Their B|url=https://www.wwf.mg/?3821366/WWF-Adria-Congratulates-Maida-Bilal-and-Women-of-Kruica-on-the-Global-Recognition-for-Their-Battle-Against-Small-Hydropower-Plants|accessdate=2022-12-24|work=www.wwf.mg|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Earth.Org|date=2021-06-17|title=Here are the Winners of the 2021 Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://earth.org/2021-goldman-environmental-prize-winners/|accessdate=2025-12-31|work=Earth.Org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ nkwado ndị ọzọ ===
Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, Bilal etinyela aka na mbọ ndị ọzọ iji kwalite ikpe ziri ezi na [[ikike mmadụ]] na [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] . O kwuputara okwu megide ịkpa ókè na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị ma rụọ ọrụ iji mee ka a mara mkpa nhata nha nwoke na nwanyị dị na [[Nkwado ụmụ nwanyị|inye ụmụ nwanyị ike]] . Bilal abụrụkwala onye na-akwado ikike nke ndị a na-emegbu emegbu na ndị na-adịghị ike, gụnyere ndị pere mpe na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ. O dọtara uche na mgba na ihe ịma aka ndị otu a na-eche ihu ma kpọọ oku ka e mee mgbalị ka ukwuu iji kwado ma chebe ha. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;The River is Part of Me&quot;|url=https://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/articles/entry/the-river-is-part-of-me/|accessdate=2022-12-24|work=Earth Island Journal}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/articles/entry/the-river-is-part-of-me/ &quot;&quot;The River is Part of Me&quot;&quot;]. ''Earth Island Journal''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-18|title=Maida Bilal - Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/maida-bilal/|accessdate=2022-12-24|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/maida-bilal/ &quot;Maida Bilal - Goldman Environmental Prize&quot;]. 2022-03-18&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-03T18:13:53Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Mirah50</username>
        <id>16972</id>
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'''Maida Bilal''' bụ onye Bosnia na-akwado maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke a maara maka idu otu ụmụ nwanyị n'ime mkpọchi ụbọchị 503 nke kwụsịrị na Disemba 2018. Ìgwè ahụ guzogidere mmegharị na itinye ngwá ọrụ dị arọ nke mere ka a kagbuo iwu ụlọ mgbochi mmiri abụọ n'osimiri Kruščica. Omume a nyere aka chekwaa ma chebe osimiri Kruščica, isi iyi dị mkpa maka mmiri na akụrụngwa maka obodo Kruščica na ihe dị ka mmadụ 145,000 bi   na obodo abụọ dị nso, ka ha ghara imebi ya n'ụzọ a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe site na iwu ụlọ mgbochi mmiri. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-18|title=Maida Bilal - Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/maida-bilal/|accessdate=2022-12-24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sito-sucic|first=Daria|date=2021-06-16|title=Bosnian woman awarded 'Green Nobel' for fighting to save river|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/bosnian-woman-awarded-green-nobel-fighting-save-river-2021-06-16/|accessdate=2022-12-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;The River is Part of Me&quot;|url=https://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/articles/entry/the-river-is-part-of-me/|accessdate=2022-12-24|work=Earth Island Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Bilal ma zụlite ya na Kruščica , obodo nta dị n'ugwu dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ Sarajevo. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ nwa oge na nchịkwa ego na-enweghị ahụmịhe mbụ na ngagharị iwe gburugburu ebe obibi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-24|title=Goldman Prize winner Maida Bilal and the women who saved a river in 503 days|url=https://www.lifegate.com/maida-bilal-bosnia-goldman-prize|accessdate=2022-12-24|work=LifeGate|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị maka mgbanwe ==
N'afọ 2017, Bilal so wee hiwe otu ụmụ amaala Eko Bistro ma ghọọ onye ọrụ afọ ofufo nke Bosnia-Herzegovina River Coalition, nke na-anọchite anya ìgwè 30 na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi si Bosnia na Herzegovina. Nguzogide nke otu ụmụ nwanyị ahụ mere ka mere ka a kagbuo iwu ụlọ mgbochi mmiri abụọ a tụrụ aro na osimiri ahụ, na Disemba 2018. Osimiri Kruščica bụ ihe dị mkpa maka obodo Kruščica na obodo ndị dị nso, na iwu ụlọ mgbochi mmiri ga-enwe mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na nke na-adịghị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi na obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
Bilal na ndị ngagharị iwe ndị ọzọ chere ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ihu n'oge mgbochi ahụ, gụnyere mmegbu na iyi egwu sitere n'aka ndị uwe ojii na ndị na-etinye ego, yana ọnọdụ ihu igwe siri ike. N'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike ndị a, ha nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'igbochi iwu ụlọ mgbochi mmiri na ime ka a mara ihe egwu nke mmụba ụlọ mgbochi  mmiri  na mpaghara ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why Balkan hydroelectricity is controversial – DW – 12/14/2021|url=https://www.dw.com/en/the-controversy-around-balkan-hydroelectricity/a-59793414|accessdate=2025-12-31|work=dw.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe nrite na mmata ===
N'ịkwado mbọ ya niile, Bilal enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye na nkwanye ùgwù. Na 2018, a kpọrọ ya &quot;Onye mmeri ụwa&quot; site na [[Ihe Omume Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|Mmemme Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]], na 2021, o nwetara ihe nrite Goldman Environmental Prize. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WWF Adria Congratulates Maida Bilal and Women of Kruščica on the Global Recognition for Their B|url=https://www.wwf.mg/?3821366/WWF-Adria-Congratulates-Maida-Bilal-and-Women-of-Kruica-on-the-Global-Recognition-for-Their-Battle-Against-Small-Hydropower-Plants|accessdate=2022-12-24|work=www.wwf.mg|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Earth.Org|date=2021-06-17|title=Here are the Winners of the 2021 Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://earth.org/2021-goldman-environmental-prize-winners/|accessdate=2025-12-31|work=Earth.Org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ nkwado ndị ọzọ ===
Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, Bilal etinyela aka na mbọ ndị ọzọ iji kwalite ikpe ziri ezi na [[ikike mmadụ]] na [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] . O kwuputara okwu megide ịkpa ókè na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị ma rụọ ọrụ iji mee ka a mara mkpa nhata nha nwoke na nwanyị dị na [[Nkwado ụmụ nwanyị|inye ụmụ nwanyị ike]] . Bilal abụrụkwala onye na-akwado ikike nke ndị a na-emegbu emegbu na ndị na-adịghị ike, gụnyere ndị pere mpe na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ. O dọtara uche na mgba na ihe ịma aka ndị otu a na-eche ihu ma kpọọ oku ka e mee mgbalị ka ukwuu iji kwado ma chebe ha. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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    <title>Ọdọ Mmiri Tunis</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1310283344|Lake of Tunis]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Tunis_satellite.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Foto Satellite nke Tunis]]
[[Faịlụ:Lac_de_Tunis_1.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Ọdọ Mmiri Tunis]]
'''Ọdọ Mmiri Tunis''' (Arabic: بحيرة تونس ''Buḥayra Tūnis''; French: Lac de Tunis) bụ ọdọ mmiri eke dị n'etiti isi obodo Tunis nke Tunisia na Gulf of Tunis (Oké Osimiri Mediterenian). Ọdọ mmiri ahụ ruru square kilomita 37, n'adịghị ka nha ya, omimi ya dị obere nke ukwuu. Ọ bụbu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ebumpụta ụwa nke Tunis.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Faịlụ:La_Vera_descrittione_del_sito_della_citta_di_Tunisi_et_della_Goleta_sua_fortezza,_con_il_novo_forte_fatto_dalli_Turchi_nell'assedio_di_essa_nel_mese_d'Agosto_1574.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Tunis na 1574, na ọdọ mmiri, ọwa mmiri na La Goulette.]]
Njikọ Tunis na Carthage dị oke mkpa nye ndị Rom, ebe ọ pụtara ịchịkwa ala ime nri nke ọma. Ọdọ mmiri dị n'ebe ugwu gụnyere agwaetiti Chikly, nke bụbu ebe obibi nke ebe ndị Rom na Spen siri ike, ugbu a (kemgbe 1993) bụ ebe nchekwa okike. Ọwa dị na La Goulette jikọtara ọdọ mmiri ahụ na oké osimiri.

Dị ka onye na-ede akụkọ ihe mere eme Prudencio de Sandoval si kwuo, ọdọ mmiri ahụ jidere ihe mkpofu nke Tunis ma bụrụ nke na-adịghị omimi nke na nwoke toro ogologo nwere ike ịgafe. Ọ bụ naanị obere ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike ịbanye, na-aga n'ụzọ miri emi nke e gwupụtara site na La Goulette gaa n'aụkụ nke ọzọ ma jiri osisi mee akara. Galleys nwere ike ịbanye n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, mana ọ bụ naanị ndị ikom na-adọkpụ ya. N'oge mmeri nke Tunis, onye isi ndị Ottoman Hayreddin Barbarossa mere ka ọtụtụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ya nọrọ n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ, na-enyere ebe e wusiri ike nke Goulette aka na artillery ha, ọ bụ ezie na ha niile mechara jide.

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ gara n'ihu na-emebi emebi (mmụba nke ịdị elu nke ala, n'ọnọdụ a nke ala ọdọ mmiri, n'ihi nkwụsị nke ala) n'oge narị afọ nke 19. Ndị agha [[France|French]] na-achị ala ahụ gafere ọdọ mmiri ahụ na 10 kilomita n'ogologo, 450 mita n'obosara, na 6 mita miri emi. A na-eji mmiri ya eme ihe taa dị ka ụzọ awara awara maka ụgbọala na ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-ejikọ Tunis na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, La Goulette, na obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Carthage, Sidi Bou Said, na La Marsa.

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>n4qy3dhyzgim1n7d7d7517u3oza5t42</sha1>
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      <id>672023</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-03T18:56:29Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="3229" sha1="miqvnw4vmxlfa11s5p01obpkr70ykfa" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Natural lagoon in Tunisia}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2025}}
{{Expand French|Lac de Tunis|date=June 2012|topic=geo}}
{{Designation list
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = Complexe Lac de Tunis
| designation1_date = 23 January 2013
| designation1_number = 2096&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Complexe Lac de Tunis|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2096|accessdate=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

[[Faịlụ:Tunis_satellite.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Foto Satellite nke Tunis]]
[[Faịlụ:Lac_de_Tunis_1.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Ọdọ Mmiri Tunis]]
'''Ọdọ Mmiri Tunis''' (Arabic: بحيرة تونس ''Buḥayra Tūnis''; French: Lac de Tunis) bụ ọdọ mmiri eke dị n'etiti isi obodo Tunis nke Tunisia na Gulf of Tunis (Oké Osimiri Mediterenian). Ọdọ mmiri ahụ ruru square kilomita 37, n'adịghị ka nha ya, omimi ya dị obere nke ukwuu. Ọ bụbu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ebumpụta ụwa nke Tunis.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Faịlụ:La_Vera_descrittione_del_sito_della_citta_di_Tunisi_et_della_Goleta_sua_fortezza,_con_il_novo_forte_fatto_dalli_Turchi_nell'assedio_di_essa_nel_mese_d'Agosto_1574.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Tunis na 1574, na ọdọ mmiri, ọwa mmiri na La Goulette.]]
Njikọ Tunis na Carthage dị oke mkpa nye ndị Rom, ebe ọ pụtara ịchịkwa ala ime nri nke ọma. Ọdọ mmiri dị n'ebe ugwu gụnyere agwaetiti Chikly, nke bụbu ebe obibi nke ebe ndị Rom na Spen siri ike, ugbu a (kemgbe 1993) bụ ebe nchekwa okike. Ọwa dị na La Goulette jikọtara ọdọ mmiri ahụ na oké osimiri.

Dị ka onye na-ede akụkọ ihe mere eme Prudencio de Sandoval si kwuo, ọdọ mmiri ahụ jidere ihe mkpofu nke Tunis ma bụrụ nke na-adịghị omimi nke na nwoke toro ogologo nwere ike ịgafe. Ọ bụ naanị obere ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike ịbanye, na-aga n'ụzọ miri emi nke e gwupụtara site na La Goulette gaa n'aụkụ nke ọzọ ma jiri osisi mee akara. Galleys nwere ike ịbanye n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, mana ọ bụ naanị ndị ikom na-adọkpụ ya. N'oge mmeri nke Tunis, onye isi ndị Ottoman Hayreddin Barbarossa mere ka ọtụtụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ya nọrọ n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ, na-enyere ebe e wusiri ike nke Goulette aka na artillery ha, ọ bụ ezie na ha niile mechara jide.&lt;ref&gt;Prudencio de Sandoval, ''[https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/historia-de-la-vida-y-hechos-del-emperador-carlos-v--2/html/feecfcca-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_41.htm Historia de la vida y hechos del emperador Carlos V]''&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ gara n'ihu na-emebi emebi (mmụba nke ịdị elu nke ala, n'ọnọdụ a nke ala ọdọ mmiri, n'ihi nkwụsị nke ala) n'oge narị afọ nke 19. Ndị agha [[France|French]] na-achị ala ahụ gafere ọdọ mmiri ahụ na 10 kilomita n'ogologo, 450 mita n'obosara, na 6 mita miri emi. A na-eji mmiri ya eme ihe taa dị ka ụzọ awara awara maka ụgbọala na ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-ejikọ Tunis na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, La Goulette, na obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Carthage, Sidi Bou Said, na La Marsa.

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>miqvnw4vmxlfa11s5p01obpkr70ykfa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ndepụta nke ebe Ramsar na Tunisia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77392</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672025</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T19:17:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1310315248|List of Ramsar sites in Tunisia]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>672025</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9561" sha1="22iewpdkgspisa821gslvveec3nqf22" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Tente_de_sel.jpg|thumb|Chott el-Jérid]]
[[Faịlụ:BarquePecheLaguneGharElMelh.JPG|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Ghar El Melh]]
[[Faịlụ:Parcichkeul3.jpg|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Ichkeul]]
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebe Ramsar na [[Tunisia]] bụ 42 na 2022, nke kwekọrọ na ngụkọta nke 844,685 hekta nke ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramsar list&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Annotated List of Wetlands of International Importance|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/rsiswp_search/exports/Ramsar-Sites-annotated-summary-Tunisia.pdf?1669161017|accessdate=23 November 2022|publisher=[[Ramsar Convention]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'okpuru ebe ndị a bụ ndepụta ebe ndị a. Tunisia malitere isonye na Mgbakọ Ramsar na 1981 ma nwee ọtụtụ Ala Mmiri dị oke ibu, dịka Chott el Jerid na Ọdọ Mmiri Ichkeul, ebe UNESCO na-ahụ maka ihe nketa ụwa. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable centre sortable&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#ffbbbb&quot;
!Ramsar number
!Site name
!Filing date
!Governorate
!Area (ha)
!Coordinates
!Images
|-
|1696
|Ain Dahab
|November 7, 2007
|Siliana
|560
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|35|53|N|9|28|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1697
|Bahiret el Bibane
|November 7, 2007
|Medenine
|39,266
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|15|N|11|15|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2017
|Sidi el Barrak Dam
|February 2, 2012
|Beja
|2,734
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|37|00|N|09|01|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1698
|[[Lebna Barrage|Lebna Dam]]
|November 7, 2007
|Nabeul
|1,147
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|45|N|10|54|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2077
|Mlaabi Dam
|September 21, 2012
|Nabeul
|98
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|49|N|10|59|E|region: TN}}
|[[Faịlụ:Barrage_Mlaabi_Nabeul_07.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|2010
|[[Dam Merguellil|Merguellil Dam]]
|February 2, 2012
|Kairouan
|714
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|35|33|N|09|44|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2013
|Oued El Hajar Dam
|February 2, 2012
|Nabeul
|254
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|50|N|11|02|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2014
|Oued Ermal Dam
|February 2, 2012
|Zaghouan
|620
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|20|N|10|20|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2016
|Sidi Abdelmoneem Dam
|February 2, 2012
|Nabeul
|31
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|51|N|10|56|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2018
|Sidi Saad Dam
|February 2, 2012
|Kairouan
|8,650
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|35|22|N|09|40|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2005
|Chott Elguetar
|February 2, 2012
|Gafsa
|7,400
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|17|N|8|54|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1699
|Chott el Jerid
|November 7, 2007
|Tozeur and Kébili
|586,187
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|42|N|8|24|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2096
|[[Ọdọ Mmiri Tunis|Lake of Tunis]] Complex
|January 23, 2013
|Tunis
|2,243
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|49|N|10|14|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2100
|Wetland complex of the Sebkhet Oum Ez-Zessar and Sebkhet El Grine
|February 2, 2013
|Medenine
|9,195
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|39|N|10|31|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2101
|Wetland complex of the Ghdir El Goulla Dam and El Mornaguia (Al Mornaguia) Dam
|February 2, 2013
|Ariana
|273
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|46|42|N|10|02|16|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2076
|Wetland complex of the Chott el Guetayate and the Sebkhet Dhreia, and the Akarit, Rekhama and Meleh wadis
|September 21, 2012
|Sfax and Gabes
|4,845
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|06|N|10|01|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1700
|Djerba Bin El Ouedian
|November 7, 2007
|Medenine
|12,082
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|40|N|10|55|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1701
|Djerba Guellala
|November 7, 2007
|Medenine
|2,285
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|42|N|10|44|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1702
|Djerba [[Ras R'mal|Ras Rmel]]
|November 7, 2007
|Medenine
|1,856
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|52|N|10|54|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2447
|Garâa Sejenane
|February 2, 2021
|Bizerte
|4,322
|TN 37°05'51&quot;N 09°12'48&quot;E
|
|-
|1703
|Garaet Sidi Mansour
|November 7, 2007
|Gafsa
|2,426
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|14|N|9|29|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2008
|Gulf of Boughrara
|February 2, 2012
|Medenine
|12,880
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|28|N|10|34|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2009
|Les gorges de Seldja
|February 2, 2012
|Gafsa
|675
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|09|N|8|17|E|region: TN}}
|[[Faịlụ:Montagne_Seldja_à_Metlaoui_03.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|2012
|Islands of Kerkennah or the Kerkennah archipelago
|February 2, 2012
|Sfax
|1,500
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|47|N|11|14|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|213
|Ichkeul
|November 24, 1980
|Bizerte
|12,600
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|37|10|N|9|40|E|region: TN}}
|[[Faịlụ:Ichkeul_nature.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|1704
|[[Kneiss| Kneiss Islands]] with their intertidal zones
|November 7, 2007
|Sfax
|22,027
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|22|N|10|20|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1705
|Mejen Ech Chitan Lake and peatland
|November 7, 2007
|Bizerte
|7
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|37|9|N|9|6|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1706
|[[Lagoon Ghar al Milh|Ghar al Melh]] lagoon and Mejerda delta
|November 7, 2007
|Bizerte and Ariana
|10,168
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|37|6|N|10|11|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1707
|Eastern Cap Bon lagoons
|November 7, 2007
|Nabeul
|504
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|33|N|10|51|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2007
|Garaet Douza freshwater marshes
|February 2, 2012
|Gafsa
|1,400
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|28|N|8|29|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2011
|Oued Dekouk (wadi)
|February 2, 2012
|Tataouine
|5,750
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|32|08|N|10|32|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1708
|Dar Fatma peatlands
|November 7, 2007
|Jendouba
|13
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|48|N|8|46|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2220
|Saddine natural reserve
|February 2, 2012
|El Kef
|2,610
|TN 36°05'25&quot;N 08°30'46&quot;E
|
|-
|2015
|Salines of Monastir (salt ponds)
|February 2, 2012
|Monastir
|1,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|35|45|N|10|46|E|region: TN}}
|[[Faịlụ:Salines_de_Monastir,Tunisie.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|1709
|Salines of Thyna
|November 7, 2007
|Sfax
|3,343
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|39|N|10|43|E|region: TN}}
|[[Faịlụ:Flamingo_saline.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|1710
|Sebkhet Kelbia
|November 7, 2007
|Sousse
|8,732
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|35|50|N|10|15|E|region: TN}}
|[[Faịlụ:Sebkhet_kelbia_sousse_02.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|1711
|Sebkhet Noual
|November 7, 2007
|Sidi Bouzid and Sfax
|17,060
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|25|N|9|45|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2006
|[[Sebkha Halk El Menzel|Sebkhet Halk Elmanzel]] and Oued Essed (wadi)
|February 2, 2012
|Sousse
|1,450
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|35|59|N|10|30|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1712
|[[:fr:Sebkha_Séjoumi|Sebkha Séjoumi]]
|November 7, 2007
|Tunis
|2,979
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|45|N|10|9|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2019
|Sebkhet Sidi Elhani
|February 2, 2012
|Sousse and Mahdia
|36,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|51|N|10|56|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1713
|Sebkhet Soliman
|November 7, 2007
|Nabeul
|880
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|43|N|10|29|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1714
|Oasis wetlands of Kébili
|November 7, 2007
|Kébili
|2,419
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|30|N|8|55|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Sources :'' List established under the Ramsar Convention&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramsar list&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Annotated List of Wetlands of International Importance|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/rsiswp_search/exports/Ramsar-Sites-annotated-summary-Tunisia.pdf?1669161017|accessdate=23 November 2022|publisher=[[Ramsar Convention]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://rsis.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/rsiswp_search/exports/Ramsar-Sites-annotated-summary-Tunisia.pdf?1669161017 &quot;Annotated List of Wetlands of International Importance&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. [[Ramsar Convention]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==</text>
      <sha1>22iewpdkgspisa821gslvveec3nqf22</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672031</id>
      <parentid>672025</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T19:22:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>672031</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9300" sha1="7o74544eg6elvz6icttjj760udt9a5u" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Tente_de_sel.jpg|thumb|Chott el-Jérid]]
[[Faịlụ:BarquePecheLaguneGharElMelh.JPG|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Ghar El Melh]]
[[Faịlụ:Parcichkeul3.jpg|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Ichkeul]]
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebe Ramsar na [[Tunisia]] bụ 42 na 2022, nke kwekọrọ na ngụkọta nke 844,685 hekta nke ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramsar list&quot; /&gt; N'okpuru ebe ndị a bụ ndepụta ebe ndị a. Tunisia malitere isonye na Mgbakọ Ramsar na 1981 ma nwee ọtụtụ Ala Mmiri dị oke ibu, dịka Chott el Jerid na Ọdọ Mmiri Ichkeul, ebe UNESCO na-ahụ maka ihe nketa ụwa. 
{| class=&quot;wikitable centre sortable&quot;
|- align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#ffbbbb&quot;
!Ramsar number
!Site name
!Filing date
!Governorate
!Area (ha)
!Coordinates
!Images
|-
|1696
|Ain Dahab
|November 7, 2007
|Siliana
|560
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|35|53|N|9|28|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1697
|Bahiret el Bibane
|November 7, 2007
|Medenine
|39,266
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|15|N|11|15|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2017
|Sidi el Barrak Dam
|February 2, 2012
|Beja
|2,734
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|37|00|N|09|01|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1698
|[[Lebna Barrage|Lebna Dam]]
|November 7, 2007
|Nabeul
|1,147
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|45|N|10|54|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2077
|Mlaabi Dam
|September 21, 2012
|Nabeul
|98
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|49|N|10|59|E|region: TN}}
|[[Faịlụ:Barrage_Mlaabi_Nabeul_07.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|2010
|[[Dam Merguellil|Merguellil Dam]]
|February 2, 2012
|Kairouan
|714
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|35|33|N|09|44|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2013
|Oued El Hajar Dam
|February 2, 2012
|Nabeul
|254
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|50|N|11|02|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2014
|Oued Ermal Dam
|February 2, 2012
|Zaghouan
|620
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|20|N|10|20|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2016
|Sidi Abdelmoneem Dam
|February 2, 2012
|Nabeul
|31
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|51|N|10|56|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2018
|Sidi Saad Dam
|February 2, 2012
|Kairouan
|8,650
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|35|22|N|09|40|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2005
|Chott Elguetar
|February 2, 2012
|Gafsa
|7,400
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|17|N|8|54|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1699
|Chott el Jerid
|November 7, 2007
|Tozeur and Kébili
|586,187
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|42|N|8|24|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2096
|[[Ọdọ Mmiri Tunis|Lake of Tunis]] Complex
|January 23, 2013
|Tunis
|2,243
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|49|N|10|14|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2100
|Wetland complex of the Sebkhet Oum Ez-Zessar and Sebkhet El Grine
|February 2, 2013
|Medenine
|9,195
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|39|N|10|31|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2101
|Wetland complex of the Ghdir El Goulla Dam and El Mornaguia (Al Mornaguia) Dam
|February 2, 2013
|Ariana
|273
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|46|42|N|10|02|16|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2076
|Wetland complex of the Chott el Guetayate and the Sebkhet Dhreia, and the Akarit, Rekhama and Meleh wadis
|September 21, 2012
|Sfax and Gabes
|4,845
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|06|N|10|01|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1700
|Djerba Bin El Ouedian
|November 7, 2007
|Medenine
|12,082
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|40|N|10|55|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1701
|Djerba Guellala
|November 7, 2007
|Medenine
|2,285
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|42|N|10|44|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1702
|Djerba [[Ras R'mal|Ras Rmel]]
|November 7, 2007
|Medenine
|1,856
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|52|N|10|54|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2447
|Garâa Sejenane
|February 2, 2021
|Bizerte
|4,322
|TN 37°05'51&quot;N 09°12'48&quot;E
|
|-
|1703
|Garaet Sidi Mansour
|November 7, 2007
|Gafsa
|2,426
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|14|N|9|29|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2008
|Gulf of Boughrara
|February 2, 2012
|Medenine
|12,880
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|28|N|10|34|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2009
|Les gorges de Seldja
|February 2, 2012
|Gafsa
|675
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|09|N|8|17|E|region: TN}}
|[[Faịlụ:Montagne_Seldja_à_Metlaoui_03.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|2012
|Islands of Kerkennah or the Kerkennah archipelago
|February 2, 2012
|Sfax
|1,500
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|47|N|11|14|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|213
|Ichkeul
|November 24, 1980
|Bizerte
|12,600
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|37|10|N|9|40|E|region: TN}}
|[[Faịlụ:Ichkeul_nature.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|1704
|[[Kneiss| Kneiss Islands]] with their intertidal zones
|November 7, 2007
|Sfax
|22,027
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|22|N|10|20|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1705
|Mejen Ech Chitan Lake and peatland
|November 7, 2007
|Bizerte
|7
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|37|9|N|9|6|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1706
|[[Lagoon Ghar al Milh|Ghar al Melh]] lagoon and Mejerda delta
|November 7, 2007
|Bizerte and Ariana
|10,168
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|37|6|N|10|11|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1707
|Eastern Cap Bon lagoons
|November 7, 2007
|Nabeul
|504
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|33|N|10|51|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2007
|Garaet Douza freshwater marshes
|February 2, 2012
|Gafsa
|1,400
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|28|N|8|29|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2011
|Oued Dekouk (wadi)
|February 2, 2012
|Tataouine
|5,750
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|32|08|N|10|32|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1708
|Dar Fatma peatlands
|November 7, 2007
|Jendouba
|13
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|48|N|8|46|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2220
|Saddine natural reserve
|February 2, 2012
|El Kef
|2,610
|TN 36°05'25&quot;N 08°30'46&quot;E
|
|-
|2015
|Salines of Monastir (salt ponds)
|February 2, 2012
|Monastir
|1,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|35|45|N|10|46|E|region: TN}}
|[[Faịlụ:Salines_de_Monastir,Tunisie.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|1709
|Salines of Thyna
|November 7, 2007
|Sfax
|3,343
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|39|N|10|43|E|region: TN}}
|[[Faịlụ:Flamingo_saline.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|1710
|Sebkhet Kelbia
|November 7, 2007
|Sousse
|8,732
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|35|50|N|10|15|E|region: TN}}
|[[Faịlụ:Sebkhet_kelbia_sousse_02.jpg|thumb]]
|-
|1711
|Sebkhet Noual
|November 7, 2007
|Sidi Bouzid and Sfax
|17,060
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|25|N|9|45|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2006
|[[Sebkha Halk El Menzel|Sebkhet Halk Elmanzel]] and Oued Essed (wadi)
|February 2, 2012
|Sousse
|1,450
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|35|59|N|10|30|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1712
|[[:fr:Sebkha_Séjoumi|Sebkha Séjoumi]]
|November 7, 2007
|Tunis
|2,979
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|45|N|10|9|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|2019
|Sebkhet Sidi Elhani
|February 2, 2012
|Sousse and Mahdia
|36,000
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|51|N|10|56|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1713
|Sebkhet Soliman
|November 7, 2007
|Nabeul
|880
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|36|43|N|10|29|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
|1714
|Oasis wetlands of Kébili
|November 7, 2007
|Kébili
|2,419
|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|33|30|N|8|55|E|region: TN}}
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;6&quot; |''Sources :'' List established under the Ramsar Convention&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramsar list&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Annotated List of Wetlands of International Importance|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/rsiswp_search/exports/Ramsar-Sites-annotated-summary-Tunisia.pdf?1669161017|accessdate=23 November 2022|publisher=[[Ramsar Convention]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://rsis.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/rsiswp_search/exports/Ramsar-Sites-annotated-summary-Tunisia.pdf?1669161017 &quot;Annotated List of Wetlands of International Importance&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. [[Ramsar Convention]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==</text>
      <sha1>7o74544eg6elvz6icttjj760udt9a5u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Oued Zeroud</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77393</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672033</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T19:27:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1073221436|Oued Zeroud]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>672033</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2010" sha1="6bns4v3c8iojmc25rst4hk5ltkbfgdc" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Oued_Zeroud_Merguellil_Nebhana_drainage_basin-fr.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọdọ mmiri Oued Zeroud.]]
'''Zeroud Oued''' (واد زرود) bụ iyi dị n'etiti [[Tunisia]] na [[Latitude]], ọ na-aga site na Ọdọ Mmiri Sebkhet Cherita, n'ime Oké Osimiri Mediterenian na Gulf of Hammamet .

Ọ na-agbakọ mmiri ya nke ọma ruo kilomita iri anọ ọbụlagodi na ogologo akwa ya ruru kilomita 150. Ọ na-achịkọta mmiri ya site na usoro mmiri ndị na-asọpụta mpaghara Nara na Jebel Tazza, nke Sidi Saad, nke dị ihe dị ka kilomita 45 na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Kairouan na-ejide. N'okpuru mmiri ahụ, usoro mmiri ndị ahụ na-asọba n'ime Wadi Zeroud, na-asọba na mpaghara dị ihe dị ka kilomita iri na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Kairouan ebe ọ kwụsịrị ịbụ otu mmiri ahụ ma kewaa n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ụfọdụ n'ime ha sonyeere Sebkha Kelbia.
[[Faịlụ:Sebkhat_Kelbia_Kondar_Tunesien_2009.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Sebkha Kelbia, 2009.]]
Mmiri ozuzo ahụ belatara mpaghara ahụ mere ka mmiri ghara ịdị n'oge ọkọchị, kamakwa o butere idei mmiri n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, mgbe mmiri ozuzo na-ada n'oge dị mkpirikpi. Ịrụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ emeela ka ala ubi gbaa mmiri ma nyere aka gbochie idei mmiri, mana, agbanyeghị, o belatara oke mmiri dị n'ime ala nke ejiri ya mee ihe gabiga ókè. 

N'Oge ndị Rom, a na-arụ ọrụ ugbo n'ebe ahụ.

== Ọdọ Mmiri Sidi Saad ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 
Dam Sidi Saad bụ dam na Oued Zeroud nke e wuru na 1982, na 35°22'53&quot;North, 9° 1'42&quot;East n'etiti [[Nasrallah]] na Hajeb El Ayoun.

N'ịdị elu nke mita 82, ọ nwere ike ijide ihe ruru nde cubic mita 120 nke [[mmiri]] n'ime ọdọ mmiri nwere mpaghara elu nke [[Hectare|hekta]] 9,000. A na-eji ya eme ihe maka ibelata idei mmiri na ịgba mmiri. N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2012, a matara mmiri Sidi Saad dị ka Ebe Ramsar.</text>
      <sha1>6bns4v3c8iojmc25rst4hk5ltkbfgdc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672034</id>
      <parentid>672033</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T19:31:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>672034</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2492" sha1="0050sx0nnbt2c1bx786hyp9ricgbv3l" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Oued_Zeroud_Merguellil_Nebhana_drainage_basin-fr.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọdọ mmiri Oued Zeroud.]]
'''Zeroud Oued''' (واد زرود) bụ iyi dị n'etiti [[Tunisia]] na [[Latitude]], ọ na-aga site na Ọdọ Mmiri Sebkhet Cherita, n'ime Oké Osimiri Mediterenian na Gulf of Hammamet .

Ọ na-agbakọ mmiri ya nke ọma ruo kilomita iri anọ ọbụlagodi na ogologo akwa ya ruru kilomita 150. Ọ na-achịkọta mmiri ya site na usoro mmiri ndị na-asọpụta mpaghara Nara na Jebel Tazza, nke Sidi Saad, nke dị ihe dị ka kilomita 45 na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Kairouan na-ejide. N'okpuru mmiri ahụ, usoro mmiri ndị ahụ na-asọba n'ime Wadi Zeroud, na-asọba na mpaghara dị ihe dị ka kilomita iri na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Kairouan ebe ọ kwụsịrị ịbụ otu mmiri ahụ ma kewaa n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ụfọdụ n'ime ha sonyeere Sebkha Kelbia.
[[Faịlụ:Sebkhat_Kelbia_Kondar_Tunesien_2009.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Sebkha Kelbia, 2009.]]
Mmiri ozuzo ahụ belatara mpaghara ahụ mere ka mmiri ghara ịdị n'oge ọkọchị, kamakwa o butere idei mmiri n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, mgbe mmiri ozuzo na-ada n'oge dị mkpirikpi. Ịrụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ emeela ka ala ubi gbaa mmiri ma nyere aka gbochie idei mmiri, mana, agbanyeghị, o belatara oke mmiri dị n'ime ala nke ejiri ya mee ihe gabiga ókè. 

N'Oge ndị Rom, a na-arụ ọrụ ugbo n'ebe ahụ.

== Ọdọ Mmiri Sidi Saad ==
{{Designation list
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = Barrage de Sidi Saad
| designation1_date = 2 February 2012
| designation1_number = 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Barrage de Sidi Saad|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2018|accessdate=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 
Dam Sidi Saad bụ dam na Oued Zeroud nke e wuru na 1982, na 35°22'53&quot;North, 9° 1'42&quot;East n'etiti [[Nasrallah]] na Hajeb El Ayoun.

N'ịdị elu nke mita 82, ọ nwere ike ijide ihe ruru nde cubic mita 120 nke [[mmiri]] n'ime ọdọ mmiri nwere mpaghara elu nke [[Hectare|hekta]] 9,000. A na-eji ya eme ihe maka ibelata idei mmiri na ịgba mmiri. N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2012, a matara mmiri Sidi Saad dị ka Ebe Ramsar.&lt;ref&gt;[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2018 Oued Zeroud] at Ramsar Sites Information Service.&lt;/ref&gt;
==Edensibịa==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Tunisia}}</text>
      <sha1>0050sx0nnbt2c1bx786hyp9ricgbv3l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ọgba Chinhoyi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77394</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672039</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-03T21:00:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Vivian Amalachukwu</username>
        <id>17172</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339771984|Chinhoyi Caves]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>672039</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4372" sha1="40f3uehyoxa8dv7qm8kexr00cspu1d6" xml:space="preserve">
 

Ọgba Chinhoyi (nke a na-akpọbu Ọgba Sinoia) bụ otu ìgwè ọgba dolomite na  laịmstone na dị n'ugwu etiti nke Zimbabwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor=Scheffel|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/345 345]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba na 1955, nke Zimbabwe Parks &amp; Wildlife Management Authority na-achịkwa.

== Ebe ==
Ọgba ndị a dị na Makonde District, Mashonaland West Province, na ugwu etiti Zimbabwe. Ha dị ihe dị ka kilomita itoolu (mile 5.6), n'akụkụ ụzọ, n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Chinhoyi (nke bụbu Sinoia), obodo ukwu kacha nso, na ebe isi ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara na nke ógbè ahụ dị. Ebe a dị ihe dị ka kilomita 135 (mile 84), n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Harare, isi obodo ahụ. Ọgba ndị ahụ dị n'okporo ụzọ ukwu, Okporo ụzọ A-1, n'etiti Harare na Chirundu, n'ókè mba ụwa na Republic of Zambia, ihe dị ka kilomita 250 (mile 160), n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọgba ndị ahụ.

== Nchịkọta ==
E ji nkume lime na dolomite mee usoro ọgba ahụ. Isi ọgba ahụ nwere ọdọ mmiri cobalt acha anụnụ anụnụ, nke a na-akpọ Sleeping Pool ma ọ bụ Chirorodziva (&quot;Ọdọ Mmiri nke Ndị Dara&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor=Scheffel|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/345 345]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFScheffelWernet1980&quot;&gt;Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị na-egwu mmiri achọpụtala ụzọ mmiri si n'Ọgba Bat, obere ọnụ ụlọ nke Ọgba Ọchịchịrị, gaa n'ime ụlọ ọzọ a maara dị ka Ọgba Ndị Nwụrụ Anwụ. Enwere ike ịgba mmiri n'ọgba ndị ahụ n'afọ niile, ebe okpomọkụ anaghị agafe oke okpomọkụ nke 22 ruo 24 Celsius (72 ruo 75 Celsius) na-enweghị okpomọkụ thermocline efu. A na-ahụ ya nke ọma, ọ dịghịkwa anya nke ọma, mita 50 (160 ft) na karịa anaghị ahụkarị.Ndị otu ndị na-eme njem mmiri nke teknụzụ ndị na-egwu mmiri nke ukwuu na-eleta ebe a. Ọ bụghị ihe ọhụrụ ka ndị ọkachamara n'ịmụ mmiri na-egwu mmiri n'ebe karịrị mita 100 (ụkwụ 330) ebe a. Ebe a na-eme ụlọikwuu, nke National Parks Authority na-achịkwa, na ụlọ nkwari akụ dị n'ebe ahụ.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Aha obodo maka ọdọ mmiri ọgba ahụ, Chirorodziva (&quot;Ọdọ Mmiri nke Ndị Dara&quot;) sitere na ihe merenụ na 1830, ebe ndị otu agbụrụ Angonni wakporo ndị obodo ahụ ma tụba ndị ha gburu n'ime ọgba ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor=Scheffel|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/345 345]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFScheffelWernet1980&quot;&gt;Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Frederick Courtney Selous buru ụzọ kọwaa ọgba nkume limestone ahụ n'afọ 1888. Ọgba ndị a bụ usoro ọgba kachasị gbasaa na Zimbabwe nke ọha mmadụ nwere ike ịnweta.

== Okpukpe ==
Ọgba ndị a nwere ebe dị mkpa n'okpukpe ọdịnala Afrịka, ebe ọgba ndị ahụ dị ka ebe a na-eme mmiri ozuzo, nke gbara oke ọhịa dị nsọ gburugburu, ebe a na-apụghị igbutu osisi site na ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kwashirai|first=Vimbai|date=2010|title=Zimbabwe's Chinhoyi Caves: 1845-1945|journal=Global Environment|volume=3|issue=5|pages=71–110|doi=10.3197/ge.2010.030504|url=http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/7554}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ogbe nke Zimbabwe
* Mpaghara nke Zimbabwe
* Akụnụba nke  Zimbabwe

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://zimguide.com/chinhoyi-caves/ Ọgba Chinhoyi Zimbabwe]</text>
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Ọgba Chinhoyi (nke a na-akpọbu Ọgba Sinoia) bụ otu ìgwè ọgba dolomite na  laịmstone na dị n'ugwu etiti nke Zimbabwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor=Scheffel|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/345 345]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba na 1955, nke Zimbabwe Parks &amp; Wildlife Management Authority na-achịkwa.

== Ebe ==
Ọgba ndị a dị na Makonde District, Mashonaland West Province, na ugwu etiti Zimbabwe. Ha dị ihe dị ka kilomita itoolu (mile 5.6), n'akụkụ ụzọ, n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Chinhoyi (nke bụbu Sinoia), obodo ukwu kacha nso, na ebe isi ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara na nke ógbè ahụ dị. Ebe a dị ihe dị ka kilomita 135 (mile 84), n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Harare, isi obodo ahụ. Ọgba ndị ahụ dị n'okporo ụzọ ukwu, Okporo ụzọ A-1, n'etiti Harare na Chirundu, n'ókè mba ụwa na Republic of Zambia, ihe dị ka kilomita 250 (mile 160), n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọgba ndị ahụ.

== Nchịkọta ==
E ji nkume lime na dolomite mee usoro ọgba ahụ. Isi ọgba ahụ nwere ọdọ mmiri cobalt acha anụnụ anụnụ, nke a na-akpọ Sleeping Pool ma ọ bụ Chirorodziva (&quot;Ọdọ Mmiri nke Ndị Dara&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; Ndị na-egwu mmiri achọpụtala ụzọ mmiri si n'Ọgba Bat, obere ọnụ ụlọ nke Ọgba Ọchịchịrị, gaa n'ime ụlọ ọzọ a maara dị ka Ọgba Ndị Nwụrụ Anwụ. Enwere ike ịgba mmiri n'ọgba ndị ahụ n'afọ niile, ebe okpomọkụ anaghị agafe oke okpomọkụ nke 22 ruo 24 Celsius (72 ruo 75 Celsius) na-enweghị okpomọkụ thermocline efu. A na-ahụ ya nke ọma, ọ dịghịkwa anya nke ọma, mita 50 (160 ft) na karịa anaghị ahụkarị.Ndị otu ndị na-eme njem mmiri nke teknụzụ ndị na-egwu mmiri nke ukwuu na-eleta ebe a. Ọ bụghị ihe ọhụrụ ka ndị ọkachamara n'ịmụ mmiri na-egwu mmiri n'ebe karịrị mita 100 (ụkwụ 330) ebe a. Ebe a na-eme ụlọikwuu, nke National Parks Authority na-achịkwa, na ụlọ nkwari akụ dị n'ebe ahụ.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Aha obodo maka ọdọ mmiri ọgba ahụ, Chirorodziva (&quot;Ọdọ Mmiri nke Ndị Dara&quot;) sitere na ihe merenụ na 1830, ebe ndị otu agbụrụ Angonni wakporo ndị obodo ahụ ma tụba ndị ha gburu n'ime ọgba ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

Frederick Courtney Selous buru ụzọ kọwaa ọgba nkume limestone ahụ n'afọ 1888. Ọgba ndị a bụ usoro ọgba kachasị gbasaa na Zimbabwe nke ọha mmadụ nwere ike ịnweta.

== Okpukpe ==
Ọgba ndị a nwere ebe dị mkpa n'okpukpe ọdịnala Afrịka, ebe ọgba ndị ahụ dị ka ebe a na-eme mmiri ozuzo, nke gbara oke ọhịa dị nsọ gburugburu, ebe a na-apụghị igbutu osisi site na ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kwashirai|first=Vimbai|date=2010|title=Zimbabwe's Chinhoyi Caves: 1845-1945|journal=Global Environment|volume=3|issue=5|pages=71–110|doi=10.3197/ge.2010.030504|url=http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/7554}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ogbe nke Zimbabwe
* Mpaghara nke Zimbabwe
* Akụnụba nke  Zimbabwe

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://zimguide.com/chinhoyi-caves/ Ọgba Chinhoyi Zimbabwe]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354905697|David Purves]]&quot;</comment>
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Dr. '''David Purves''' (9 Eprel 1924 - 3 Jenụwarị 2015) bụ onye [[Sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi|ọkà mmụta sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi]] nke Scotland, onye na-ede egwuregwu na onye na- uri, na onye mmeri nke Asụsụ Scots.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Purves na Selkirk, Scotland; ọ bụ naanị nwa nwoke nke James Alexander Purves, bụ́ onye nwe ụlọ ahịa nri ukwu na Galashiels, na nwunye ya bụ́ May Lees. Ọ tolitere na mpaghara Borders ma gụọ akwụkwọ na Galashiels Academy.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Royal Air Force na [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]], na-enweta ọzụzụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka bọmbụ na [[Kánada|Canada]].

== Ọrụ dị ka onye sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi ==
Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Edinburgh, nweta nzere nsọpụrụ na PhD na Biochemistry. N'afọ 1956, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke Ngalaba Trace Element na East of Scotland College of Agriculture,  ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ọrụ ndụmọdụ ọrụ ugbo na ụkọ trace element na nsogbu nsị. N'afọ 1977, akwụkwọ sayensị ya Trace-Element Contamination of the Environment, nke gosipụtara mmetụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ikwe ka a gbasaa ọla n'ime Biosphere dị ka ihe na-emetọ. E bipụtara mbipụta e degharịrị edegharị na 1985.  N'afọ 1980, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation nyere ya ọrụ ịtụ aro ụkpụrụ maka ịhapụ nsị n'ala. Ọ lara ezumike nká na Edinburgh School of Agriculture na 1982, mana ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmasị na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka onye nlekọta nke Ngalaba Central Analytical ruo 1987.

== Òtù Mba Scotland ==
Purves zọọrọ Roxburgh, Selkirk na Peebles dịka onye ga-azọ ọkwa na mba Scotland na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu na Febụwarị 1974.[1] O tinyere isiakwụkwọ gbasara &quot;Amụma Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Scotland Nnwere Onwe&quot; na The Radical Approach: Papers on an Independent Scotland, nke Gavin Kennedy deziri ma Palingenesis Press Ltd. bipụtara na 1976.[2] Emesịa, a họpụtara ya na Kansụl Mba nke SNP, na n'afọ 1980, ọ bụkwa onye na-achịkọta Kọmitii Amụma Gburugburu Ebe Obibi ya.[3]...

== Asụsụ Scots ==
Purves na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ịkwalite Asụsụ Scots, na-enwe mmasị pụrụ iche na mmepe nke orthography ọkọlọtọ. N'afọ 1979, o nyere aka n'akwụkwọ gbasara mkpụrụ okwu Scots na The Scottish Literary Journal .  N'afọ 1985, na Mahadum Edinburgh's School of Scottish Studies, ọ duziri nzukọ nke ndị edemede nke oge a na Scots nke kwekọrịtara na ntuziaka maka mkpụrụ okwu Scots. Ndị a mechara bipụta site na Scots Language Society dị ka Recommendations for Writers in Scots .  The Saltire Society bipụtara akwụkwọ ya, A Scots Grammar, na 1997,  na mbipụta e degharịrị ma gbasaa na 2002.  Akwụkwọ ya bụ The Way Forward for the Scots Language ka Scottish Centre for Economic and Social Research bipụtara na 1997. 

E bipụtara uri ya na Scots n'ọtụtụ magazin, gụnyere AKROS, Lines Review, Cencrastus, Chapman, Lallans, Markings, Northwords na Reforesting Scotland.   E bipụtara nchịkọta abụọ nke uri ya na Scots: Thrawart Th fleins na 1976, na Hert's Bluid, Chapman 1995. A na-etinye uri ya &quot;On Mairriage&quot; na &quot;On Bairns&quot; na akwụkwọ edemede nke Scottish Poetry Library, Handfast na ''Handsel'' n'otu n'otu. E bipụtara uri ya &quot;Crabbit Angels&quot; na &quot;Cleikit&quot; na The Edinburgh Book of Twentieth-Century Scottish Poetry bipụtara na 2005.  E tinyere uri ya &quot;Heid Bummers&quot; (2006) na &quot;Mirzah's Brig&quot; (2009) na ''Ule Smeddum'' Test, akwụkwọ edemede nke narị afọ nke 21 na Scots nke Kennedy &amp; Boyd bipụtara na 2013. E tinyere uri ya &quot;Hard Wumman&quot;, &quot;Resurrection&quot; na &quot;Brierie Law&quot; na J. Derrick McClure's A Kist o Skinklan Things, anthology of Scots poetry from the first and second waves of the Scottish Renaissance, bipụtara site na Association for Scottish Literary Studies na 2017. 

Purves sụgharịrị narị abụọ nke uri oge ochie [[China|Ndị China]] na Scots, na nchịkọta anọ nke uri iri ise, nke akpọrọ, ''Ane Auld Sang'', Gean Blossoms, ''Jade Lute'' na ''Chrysants''.

Ọ bụ onye otu Scottish Society of Playwrights.

=== Ihe nkiri ===
E mepụtara egwuregwu atọ ya na Scotland, The Puddok an the Princess, The Knicht o the Riddils na Whuppitie Stourie, n'ọrụ aka. Egwuregwu ndị ọzọ dabere na akụkọ ifo na akụkọ ifo bụ The Ill Guidmither, nke dabere na akụkọ Peter Buchan chịkọtara na 1829, na Pompitie Finds a Needle, ihe nkiri nke akụkọ ụmụaka nke Agnes Grozier Herbertson dere nke e nyere ya na Edinburgh Playwrights Workshop. Puddok an the Princess bụ mmalite nke mmekorita ogologo oge na Charles Nowosielski nke Theatre Alba.[1] Mmepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwetara ihe nrite Fringe First Award na Edinburgh Festival Fringe na 1985. O nwere ngụkọta ihe ngosi asatọ ma Theatre Alba lere ya anya na 1986 na 1988.[2][3][4][5] E mere ihe nkiri Knicht o the Riddils na Brunton Theatre, Musselburgh, na Nọvemba na Disemba 1987.[6][7][8][9][10] Whuppitie Stourie, nke dabere na akụkọ ifo nke akụkọ ifo nke Scotland, ka Theatre Alba lere anya n'etiti Ọktoba 30 na Nọvemba 28 1989.[11][12][13][14]

N'ajụjụ ọnụ e nyere The Scotsman mgbe The Knicht o the Riddils na-egwu na Musselburgh, Purves gwara Catherine Lockerbie na ọ naghị anwa iṅomi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Scots dị ka Robert Maclellan. &quot;Ọ na-amasị m ka m ghara inwe ihe mgbochi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme&quot;, ka o kwuru. &quot;M na-ahọrọ ịlaghachi n'oge dị egwu, n'ụwa nke na-adịtụbeghị n'ezie mana nke nwere eziokwu nke ya. &quot;

Purves sụgharịkwara ọrụ ndị ndị ọzọ dere egwuregwu ka ọ bụrụ nke ndị Scotland. Akwụkwọ ya bụ The Thrie Sisters. nke Anton Chekhov sụgharịrị, nke bụ nsụgharị nke Three Sisters, nke Ụlọ ihe nkiri Alba mepụtara na Lauriston Halls na Edinburgh Festival Fringe na 1999.[1] E bipụtara akwụkwọ ya bụ The Tragedie o Macbeth, nsụgharị na mgbanwe nke Macbeth nke William Shakespeare na 1992,[2] nke Edinburgh Playwrights Workshop gụrụ na Machị nke afọ ahụ,[3] nke Ụlọ ihe nkiri Alba mere na Duddingston Kirk Gardens na Festival Fringe na Ọgọst 2002.[4] The Ootlaw, nke bụ nsụgharị n'ime akwụkwọ Scots of August Strindberg bụ The Outlaw nke Ụlọ ihe nkiri Alba mere na Duddingston Kirk na Fringe nke 2009.[5] Ọ sụgharịkwara akwụkwọ Little Red Riding Hood nke Eugene Schwartz ka ọ bụrụ nke ndị Scotland.

Ọ bụ onye otu Scottish Society of Playwrights.

=== Magazin Lallans ===
A họpụtara David Purves dị ka Preses nke Scots Language Society site na 1983 ruo 1986 ma jee ozi dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''Lallans'' site na 1987 ruo 1995. Ya na [[Neil MacCallum|Neil R. MacCallum]] sokwa dee akwụkwọ Mak it New, akwụkwọ edemede sitere na magazin ahụ, na 1995. 

== Akwụkwọ ==

* &quot;Ane Ill Turn: an example of the ''Standard Scots'' orthography&quot;, in [[J. K. Annand|Annand, J.K.]] (ed.), ''Lallans'', Number 2: Whitsunday 1974, p.&amp;nbsp;20,  
* &quot;The Spelling of Scots&quot;, in Annand, J.K. (ed.), ''Lallans'', Number 4: Whitsunday 1975, pp.&amp;nbsp;26 – 28
* ''Trace-Element Contamination of the Environment'', Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1977, 
* &quot;Environmental Policy in an Independent Scotland&quot;, in Kennedy, Gavin (ed.) (1976), ''The Radical Approach: Papers on an independent Scotland'', Palingenisis Press Ltd., Edinburgh, pp.&amp;nbsp;88–92,  
* ''Thrawart Threipins'', The Aquila Publishing Co. Ltd., Breakish, Isle of Skye, 1976,  
* &quot;A Scots Orthography&quot;, in ''The Scottish Literary Journal'', Supplement No. 9, Spring 1979
* &quot;The Scots Language in Drama&quot;, Electric Scotland
* ''The Puddok an the Princess'', Brown, Son &amp; Ferguson Ltd., Glasgow, 1992,  
* ''The Tragedie o Macbeth: A Rendering into Scots of Shakespeare's Play'', Rob Roy Press, 1992,  
* &quot;The Tragedie o Macbeth&quot;, in [[Neil MacCallum|MacCallum, Neil R.]] (ed.), ''Scots Glasnost'', VII, April 1993, Scots Independent (Newspapers) Ltd., pp.&amp;nbsp;9 – 11,  
* ''J.K. Annand: A Makar tae Mynd'', Obituary, in Renton, Jennie (ed.), ''Scottish Book Collector'', Volume 3, Number 12, August - September 1993, Edinburgh, p.&amp;nbsp;33
* &quot;The Lest o the Ettins&quot;, in Bryan, Tom (ed.), ''Northwords'' Issue 6, Ross and Cromarty Association of Writers' Groups, p.&amp;nbsp;19,  
* ''Hert's Bluid'', Chapman Publications, Edinburgh, 1995,  
* with Neil R. MacCallum, ''Mak it New: An Anthology of Twenty-one Years of Writing in Lallans'', The Mercat Press, Edinburgh, 1995,  
* ''The Way Forward for the Scots Language'', Scottish Council for Economic and Social Research, Peterhead
* ''A Scots Grammar: Scots Grammar and Usage'', The Saltire Society, Edinburgh, 2002,  
* &quot;The Language of Scots&quot;, in Clark, Nick (ed.), ''Poetic Hours'', Autumn 2004, Nottingham, p.&amp;nbsp;9,  
* &quot;Haiku &amp; Zen Buddhism&quot;, in Glen, Duncan (ed.), ''Scottish Poetry Library Newsletter'', January 2005, Scottish Poetry Library, Edinburgh, p.&amp;nbsp;5,  
* &quot;Polishing the Glass: Japanese Masters in Scots&quot;, in Clark, Nick (ed.), ''Poetic Hours'', Spring 2005, Nottingham, pp.&amp;nbsp;8 &amp; 9,  
* &quot;in ilka age: The Poetry of Li Po&quot;, in Clark, Nick (ed.), ''Poetic Hours'', Autumn 2005, Nottingham, pp.&amp;nbsp;4 &amp; 5,  
* &quot;From the Chinese of Ssü-K'ung T'u&quot;, in Hendry, Joy (ed.), ''Chapman'' 109, 2007

== Ndụ onwe ya ==
David Purves lụrụ Lilian Rosemary Stewart, onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, na Cramond Parish Kirk, Edinburgh, na 19 Septemba 1953.[1] Di na nwunye ahụ zutere na mahadum. Ha nọrọ afọ anọ mbụ nke ndụ alụmdi na nwunye ha na Stow, na Borders. Na 1957 ha laghachiri Edinburgh, buru ụzọ biri na Meadowfield Terrace, wee biri na Hillpark Avenue, Cluny Gardens, na Strathalmond Road. Di na nwunye ahụ mụrụ ụmụ nwoke atọ: Graeme Alexander Stewart (amụrụ 1954), Jamie Scott (amụrụ 1958), na David Neil (amụrụ 1964).
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1322701328|Barotse Floodplain]]&quot;</comment>
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 {{Reflist}}
[[Faịlụ:NASA_Barotse_Floodplain_compressed.JPG|thumb|580x580px|Foto satịlaịtị NASA nke na-egosi ebe '''mmiri Barotse''' dị ka mpaghara etiti nke na-egbuke egbuke ruo na-acha anụnụ anụnụ gbara ọchịchịrị.
'''1''' Ndị Zambezi na-asọga n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda site n'etiti ala idei mmiri ahụ;  ''' 2 ''' njikọta nke (aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri) Osimiri Lungwebungu, Ndịda Kashiji, Zambezi na Kabompo, nke na-egosi mmalite nke ala idei mmiri ahụ;  ''' 3 ''' njedebe nke ala idei mmiri dị n'ebe ndịda nke Senanga; ''' 4 ''' [[Nsụda Mmiri Ngonye|Ngonye Falls]] dị na Zambezi;  ''' 5 ''' Mongu, isi obodo Barotseland;  ''' 6 ''' Lealui, isi obodo Litunga n'akụkụ ebe idei mmiri dị;  ''' 7 ''' Limulunga, isi obodo Litunga n'oge idei mmiri;  ''' 8 ''' apịtị na ala idei mmiri nke Lungwebungu;  ''' 9 ''' Kabompo na-asọpụ mmiri n'ebe dị n'ime ọhịa kpọrọ nkụ nke a kpọrọ Cryptosepalum;  '''10''' Luena Flats (ala mmiri ozuzo); '''11''' Osimiri Luanginga na-eru mmiri na nso Kalabo;  '''12''' Osimiri Lui nwere obere idei mmiri;  '''13'''  nnukwu idei mmiri nke na-ebu oke mmiri si n'oké idei mmiri nke Osimiri Cuando dị na Angola; '''14''' Osimiri Cuando na ala idei mmiri, n'ókè dị n'etiti Angola na Zambia;  '''15'''Liuwa Plain National Park; '''16''' Ájá dị larịị nke dị n'ime ọhịa Miombo nke Zambezian nke dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ Mongu nwere ọtụtụ pans; '''17''' Sioma Ngwezi National Park.]]
'''Ala Idei Mmiri Barotse''', nke a makwaara dị ka '''Bulozi Plain, Lyondo, Ngulu,''' ma ọ bụ '''Zambezi Floodplain''', bụ otu n'ime ala mmiri dị ukwuu n'Africa, n'akụkụ Osimiri Zambezi dị na Western Province nke Zambia. Ọ bụ ebe a họpụtara Ramsar, nke a na-ewere dị ka ebe nchekwa dị elu.

Aha a na-aghọta na ala mmiri ahụ na-emepụta omenala na ụzọ ndụ nke ndị Lozi, &quot;Rotse&quot; bụ ụdị Lozi, na &quot;Ba&quot; pụtara &quot;ndị mmadụ&quot;. Ha ghọrọ alaeze dị ike na Central/South Africa n'okpuru eze ha ma ọ bụ Litunga Lewanika, nke alaeze ya gbatịrị ruo kilomita 300 site na ala ahụ ma kpọọ ya Barotseland.

== Ọdịdị ala na mpaghara ==
Mpaghara a bụ ala dị larịị nke dị ihe dị ka mita 1000, na-agbada ntakịrị gaa n'ebe ndịda. Zambezi na isi mmiri ya na-arịgo n'ala dị elu n'ebe ugwu, nke na-enweta ezigbo mmiri ozuzo (1400 mm kwa afọ) n'oge mmiri ozuzo site na Ọktoba ruo Mee. Idei mmiri na-agbada n'osimiri ahụ, na-eru mpaghara dị larịị nke e ji ájá Kalahari, ihe dị ka narị kilomita ise gafee. N'ebe ndịda, gburugburu Ngonye Falls, a na-ahụ nkume siri ike n'elu ya ma guzogidere ọchịchọ osimiri ahụ ịkpụ ọwa mmiri n'ime ya, ya mere ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi mmiri. N'azụ ya, ebe idei mmiri ahụ etolitela. N'okpuru mmiri iyi ahụ, osimiri ahụ na-asọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ karịa ka ọ na-asọ n'ala dị larịị ma na-asọ ọsọ ọsọ karịa na ndagwurugwu dị warara nke na-adịghị adịkarị mfe idei mmiri.

Ala idei mmiri ahụ sitere na njikọ Zambezi na Osimiri Kabompo na Lungwebungu n'ebe ugwu, ruo ebe dị ihe dị ka kilomita 230 n'ebe ndịda, n'elu mmiri Ngonye na ndịda Senanga. N'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ogologo ya, obosara ya karịrị kilomita iri atọ, na-eru kilomita iri ise n'obosara kachasị, n'ebe ugwu nke Mongu, obodo ukwu nke ala ahụ, dị n'akụkụ ya. Isi akụkụ nke ala ahụ dị ihe dịka 5500 km2,
mana ebe idei mmiri kacha elu bụ 10 750 km2 mgbe a tụlere ala idei mmiri nke ọtụtụ mmiri ozuzo, dịka Luena Flats. Idei mmiri Barotse bụ ala mmiri nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na Zambia mgbe usoro ọdọ mmiri Bangweulu dị n'akụkụ mmiri ahụ gasịrị, nke dị iche na inwe nnukwu ọdọ mmiri na apịtị na-adịgide adịgide, na obere ebe nke na-akpọ nkụ kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot; /&gt;

E sere foto satịlaịtị ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2004 n'oge oke idei mmiri ahụ, Rịba ama na akụkụ ugwu nke ala ahụ, dị nso na Lukulu, enweghị mmiri ozuzo, ala ebe ahụ na-adịtụ iche n'ogologo, mmiri ahụ na-anọgidekwa n'ọtụtụ ọwa mmiri.

== Ọnọdụ idei mmiri na oge ==

: ''Hụkwa ihu igwe nke Zambia[[Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Zambia]]''

Oke mmiri ozuzo na-eme n'ala idei mmiri ihe dị ka ọnwa atọ mgbe oge mmiri ozuzo gasịrị na Jenụwarị ruo Febụwarị. Idei mmiri na-abụkarị n'ọnwa Eprel, ma na-ala azụ site na Mee ruo Julaị, mgbe ahịhịa na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ala dị larịị a na-ekpughere. N'ime mmiri kacha ala n'osimiri ahụ na Nọvemba, idei mmiri ahụ ka nwere ihe dị ka kilomita 537 nke ọdọ mmiri, swamps na ọwa mmiri. Idei mmiri ahụ hapụrụ ala ntụ ntụ ruo oji nke na-eme nri nke kpuchiri ájá Kalahari, eme ka ihe ndị dị n'ime ala nke idei mmiri ahụ tinyere ájá sitere na ahịhịa ndị idei mmiri mbụ gburu, nakwa site na osisi mmiri ndị rere ure nke a hapụrụ ka ha kpọọ nkụ n'ime apịtị ahụ. Ọ na-enye ezigbo aja, mana n'oge ọkọchị, ọ na-esi ike n'ọkụ anyanwụ.

Ka idei mmiri na-ebelata, mmiri na-apụ n'ime ọdọ mmiri, apịtị, na ọdọ mmiri oxbow.

== Ebe okike ==
Ala idei mmiri ahụ dị n'ime ala ahịhịa ndị Zambia jupụtara na mmiri dị n'ime ya, ebe ájá dị ntakịrị elu nke na-akọ ahịhịa kpọrọ nkụ n'elu ya (ala ahịhịa Zambezian nke dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ) gbara ya gburugburu nwere savanna ọhịa (Zambezian Baikiaea lands) n'ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda, yana obere ọhịa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (Cryptosepalum dry forests) n'ebe ugwu na ọwụwa anyanwụ.

Idei mmiri ahụ na-enye ebe obibi mmiri maka azụ dịka azụ̀ tigerfish na bream, agụ iyi, hippopotamus, nnụnụ mmiri, nnụnụ ndị na-eri azụ̀, na lechwe, antelope. Mgbe idei mmiri gasịrị, ala ahụ bụ ebe obibi maka anụmanụ ndị na-ata nri dịka wildebeest, zebra, tsessebe na obere ele dịka oribi na steenbok, na anụ ndị na-eri ha.
A chụpụrụ ndị na-akọ ahịhịa n'ọtụtụ ebe site n'aka ehi ndị Lozi na-ata nri, mana ha enyela nnukwu anụ ọhịa n'ala ahịhịa kpọrọ nkụ dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ, ogigeụndụ Liuwa Plain, nke bụbu ebe ịchụ nta Litunga, e guzobere ya dị ka ebe nchekwa anụ ọhịa site n'aka Lewanika na narị afọ nke 19. In addition the entire western of the Zambezi within the country is a Game Management Area.
[[Faịlụ:Isolated_human_settlements_on_high_ground_in_the_Barotse_Floodplain.jpg|thumb|390x390px|'''Ebe obibi mmadụ dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ebe dị elu na Barotse Floodplain, Osimiri Zambezi dị nso n'obodo Mongu na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ, Zambia.''']]

== Okike mmadụ nke ala dị larịị ==
Ihe dị ka mmadụ 250,000 bi n'ala ahụ, ha na-enwekwa ọtụtụ ehi yiri nke ahụ, na-akwaga n'ala ahịhịa dị n'akụkụ ebe idei mmiri ahụ dị mgbe idei mmiri ahụ rutere. Ala idei mmiri ahụ bụ otu n'ime ebe kacha emepụta ihe maka ịzụ ehi na mba ahụ.

Ndị Lozi na-ejidekwa azụ̀, na-eri ihe dị ka okpukpu ise karịa nkezi mba ahụ. Mgbe idei mmiri ruru, ha na-eji ọnyà azụ̀ na ube azụ̀, ha na-ejikwa ụgbụ dị ka ihe e ji egwuri egwu n'ọdọ mmiri ndị idei mmiri ahụ hapụrụ. Azụ̀ na-apụta obere oge tupu iju mmiri ahụ, mmiri mbụ ahụ na-aghọ hypoxic (oxygen dị ala) nke na-egbu ọtụtụ azụ̀, ebe àkwá dị ndụ.

Ndị Lozi na-akụ ihe ọkụkụ na ala mmiri dị ka ọka, [[Osikàpà|osikapa]], poteto, na okpete.

Ọnwa Nọvemba ruo Jenụwarị bụ ọnwa ndị na-adịghị mma.
A na-emefusị ihe ubi echekwara site n'oge gara aga, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gwụchaa, n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, a ga-ebuga ya n'oge njem ahụ, ebe ihe ubi na ahịhịa nke oge ọhụrụ ahụ arụpụtabeghị ihe, n'otu oge ahụkwa, ịkụ azụ na-akwụsị maka oge ịmụ nwa. Ịchụ nta na ịchụ nta anụmanụ, nke nwere ike ime ka oghere ahụ jupụta, adịghịzi maka ọtụtụ mmadụ, ịchụ nta nnụnụ mmiri bụkwa otu n'ime ihe ole na ole e ji azụta ntụ ọka.

Ala idei mmiri ahụ na-ekpebi ma na-achịkwa ụzọ ndụ, akụnụba, ọha mmadụ na omenala nke Lozi, bụ́ ndị nwere nkà n'ịrụ ụgbọ mmiri, ndị na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na ndị na-egwu mmiri.
A na-eme emume njem kwa afọ nke idei mmiri na emume Kuomboka nke a na-eme na Mongu, isi obodo Barotseland na onye ga-anọchi ya, Western Province.

N'afọ mmiri ozuzo dịka nke afọ 2005, ihe onwunwe na ndụ na-efu n'ihi idei mmiri na Barotse Plain. Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ bụ ezigbo ihe atụ nke ụkpụrụ na idei mmiri eke kwa afọ site n'osimiri bara uru ma na-arụpụta ihe maka anụ ọhịa na ụmụ mmadụ, ebe igbochi osimiri iji chịkwaa idei mmiri, dịka o mere na Kafue Flats, nwere ike imebi gburugburu ebe obibi.

=== Ọganihu ===
A machibidoro mmepe na mbara ala ruo ugbu a -

* ọwa mmiri ahụ e gwuru n'oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị iji jikọta obere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na Mongu na ọwa mmiri Zambezi n'oge ọkọchị
* obere obodo na ogige ndị e wuru n'elu ugwu, dị ka Lealui
* egwu ole na ole n'oge ọkọchị
* Ụgbọ mmiri na Sandaula, Libonda na Lukulu
* ụfọdụ ubi osikapa na okpete.

Njikwa siri ike maka ụzọ Litunga si abanye n'ala idei mmiri na ịdị n'otu nke ndị obodo emeela ka mmepe azụmahịa nke ndị si mba ọzọ belata. 

==== Ụzọ Mmiri nke Barotse ====
[[Faịlụ:Bridge_over_the_Barotse_Floodplain_near_Mongu_city_aerial_view.jpg|thumb|'''Àkwà mmiri gafere n'ala mmiri nke Barotse n'obodo Mongu, mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ, Zambia.''']]
Ọrụ ọhụrụ, ụzọ Mongu-Kalabo, ga-enwe nnukwu ihe ga-esi na ya pụta. N'ihe dịka afọ 2002, e wuru ụzọ dị kilomita iri anọ na isii n'etiti ebe idei mmiri ahụ, wee jiri okporo ụzọ awara awara site na Mongu ruo Kalabo, site na ụgbọ mmiri gafere ọwa mmiri dị na Sandaula, nke a ga-eji akwa mmiri dị mita 500 dochie. A na-ewere ya dị ka mgbakwunye nke Ụzọ Lusaka-Mongu si Lusaka. E bu n'obi ka e mechaa ya na 2006, ọ bụ ihe siri ike iwu ụlọ n'elu ala idei mmiri ahụ mere ka ọ ghara ịdị irè. Ọ dịghị okwute dị n'ógbè ahụ, e jikwa ájá na ájá e si n'ime obere oghere ndị dị n'akụkụ ya wuo ụzọ okporo ụzọ ahụ. Idei mmiri karịrị nke a na-emebu kpuchiri nnukwu akụkụ. Onye ọrụ nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ ụlọ ọrụ dị na Kuwait nke kwetara na ọnọdụ siri ike. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Times nke Zambia kwuru na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ lere gburugburu ebe idei mmiri dị anya, ma hapụ nkwekọrịta ahụ. Emeela mgbanwe ndị sochiri iji bulie elu okporo ụzọ ahụ ma mee ka ọnụọgụgụ na nha nke ọwara mmiri dịkwuo elu, nke a butere nsogbu ego. A rụchara ụzọ ahụ n'afọ 2016. Otu onye ọrụ nkwekọrịta nke mba Chaịna, Aviation Industry Corporation nke mba Chaịna (AVIC International), rụchara ọrụ ahụ nke ruru nde dọla US 286.9. Ụzọ ahụ ruru Kilomita iri atọ na anọ n'ala Baroste, ebe àkwà mmiri iri abụọ na isii gafere ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/04/08/mongu-kalabo-road-completed/|title=Zambia : The Mongu-Kalabo road has been completed}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ndepụta nke ebe ndị a na-agafe Osimiri Zambezi

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

: '''Ihe odide map'''

* &quot;Zambia 1:1,500,000 2nd Edition&quot;, Terracarta/International Travel Maps, Vancouver, 2000.
* [https://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/mapcenter/map.aspx?TextLatitude=-0.336785200454403&amp;TextLongitude=29.5037588339211&amp;TextAltitude=6&amp;TextSelectedEntity=1075&amp;MapStyle=Comprehensive&amp;MapSize=Medium&amp;MapStyleSelectedIndex=0&amp;searchTextMap=Barotse+Floodplain&amp;MapStylesList=Comprehensive&amp;ZoomOnMapClickCheck=on ''MSN Encarta World Atlas'']  online nwetara na 19 Nọvemba 2007. 

&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|15|2|S|22|53|E}}
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[[Faịlụ:NASA_Barotse_Floodplain_compressed.JPG|thumb|580x580px|Foto satịlaịtị NASA nke na-egosi ebe '''mmiri Barotse''' dị ka mpaghara etiti nke na-egbuke egbuke ruo na-acha anụnụ anụnụ gbara ọchịchịrị.
'''1''' Ndị Zambezi na-asọga n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda site n'etiti ala idei mmiri ahụ;  ''' 2 ''' njikọta nke (aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri) Osimiri Lungwebungu, Ndịda Kashiji, Zambezi na Kabompo, nke na-egosi mmalite nke ala idei mmiri ahụ;  ''' 3 ''' njedebe nke ala idei mmiri dị n'ebe ndịda nke Senanga; ''' 4 ''' [[Nsụda Mmiri Ngonye|Ngonye Falls]] dị na Zambezi;  ''' 5 ''' Mongu, isi obodo Barotseland;  ''' 6 ''' Lealui, isi obodo Litunga n'akụkụ ebe idei mmiri dị;  ''' 7 ''' Limulunga, isi obodo Litunga n'oge idei mmiri;  ''' 8 ''' apịtị na ala idei mmiri nke Lungwebungu;  ''' 9 ''' Kabompo na-asọpụ mmiri n'ebe dị n'ime ọhịa kpọrọ nkụ nke a kpọrọ Cryptosepalum;  '''10''' Luena Flats (ala mmiri ozuzo); '''11''' Osimiri Luanginga na-eru mmiri na nso Kalabo;  '''12''' Osimiri Lui nwere obere idei mmiri;  '''13'''  nnukwu idei mmiri nke na-ebu oke mmiri si n'oké idei mmiri nke Osimiri Cuando dị na Angola; '''14''' Osimiri Cuando na ala idei mmiri, n'ókè dị n'etiti Angola na Zambia;  '''15'''Liuwa Plain National Park; '''16''' Ájá dị larịị nke dị n'ime ọhịa Miombo nke Zambezian nke dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ Mongu nwere ọtụtụ pans; '''17''' Sioma Ngwezi National Park.]]
'''Ala Idei Mmiri Barotse''', nke a makwaara dị ka '''Bulozi Plain, Lyondo, Ngulu,''' ma ọ bụ '''Zambezi Floodplain''', bụ otu n'ime ala mmiri dị ukwuu n'Africa, n'akụkụ Osimiri Zambezi dị na Western Province nke Zambia. Ọ bụ ebe a họpụtara Ramsar, nke a na-ewere dị ka ebe nchekwa dị elu.

Aha a na-aghọta na ala mmiri ahụ na-emepụta omenala na ụzọ ndụ nke ndị Lozi, &quot;Rotse&quot; bụ ụdị Lozi, na &quot;Ba&quot; pụtara &quot;ndị mmadụ&quot;. Ha ghọrọ alaeze dị ike na Central/South Africa n'okpuru eze ha ma ọ bụ Litunga Lewanika, nke alaeze ya gbatịrị ruo kilomita 300 site na ala ahụ ma kpọọ ya Barotseland.

== Ọdịdị ala na mpaghara ==
Mpaghara a bụ ala dị larịị nke dị ihe dị ka mita 1000, na-agbada ntakịrị gaa n'ebe ndịda. Zambezi na isi mmiri ya na-arịgo n'ala dị elu n'ebe ugwu, nke na-enweta ezigbo mmiri ozuzo (1400 mm kwa afọ) n'oge mmiri ozuzo site na Ọktoba ruo Mee. Idei mmiri na-agbada n'osimiri ahụ, na-eru mpaghara dị larịị nke e ji ájá Kalahari, ihe dị ka narị kilomita ise gafee. N'ebe ndịda, gburugburu Ngonye Falls, a na-ahụ nkume siri ike n'elu ya ma guzogidere ọchịchọ osimiri ahụ ịkpụ ọwa mmiri n'ime ya, ya mere ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe mgbochi mmiri. N'azụ ya, ebe idei mmiri ahụ etolitela. N'okpuru mmiri iyi ahụ, osimiri ahụ na-asọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ karịa ka ọ na-asọ n'ala dị larịị ma na-asọ ọsọ ọsọ karịa na ndagwurugwu dị warara nke na-adịghị adịkarị mfe idei mmiri.

Ala idei mmiri ahụ sitere na njikọ Zambezi na Osimiri Kabompo na Lungwebungu n'ebe ugwu, ruo ebe dị ihe dị ka kilomita 230 n'ebe ndịda, n'elu mmiri Ngonye na ndịda Senanga. N'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ogologo ya, obosara ya karịrị kilomita iri atọ, na-eru kilomita iri ise n'obosara kachasị, n'ebe ugwu nke Mongu, obodo ukwu nke ala ahụ, dị n'akụkụ ya. Isi akụkụ nke ala ahụ dị ihe dịka 5500 km2,
mana ebe idei mmiri kacha elu bụ 10 750 km2 mgbe a tụlere ala idei mmiri nke ọtụtụ mmiri ozuzo, dịka Luena Flats. Idei mmiri Barotse bụ ala mmiri nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na Zambia mgbe usoro ọdọ mmiri Bangweulu dị n'akụkụ mmiri ahụ gasịrị, nke dị iche na inwe nnukwu ọdọ mmiri na apịtị na-adịgide adịgide, na obere ebe nke na-akpọ nkụ kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;IUCN&quot;&gt;[http://www.cbd.int/doc/case-studies/inc/cs-inc-iucn-12-en.pdf &quot;Barotse Floodplain, Zambia: local economic dependence on wetland resources.&quot;] ''Case Studies in Wetland Valuation #2'': IUCN, May 2003.&lt;/ref&gt;

E sere foto satịlaịtị ahụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2004 n'oge oke idei mmiri ahụ, Rịba ama na akụkụ ugwu nke ala ahụ, dị nso na Lukulu, enweghị mmiri ozuzo, ala ebe ahụ na-adịtụ iche n'ogologo, mmiri ahụ na-anọgidekwa n'ọtụtụ ọwa mmiri.

== Ọnọdụ idei mmiri na oge ==

: ''Hụkwa ihu igwe nke Zambia[[Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke Zambia]]''

Oke mmiri ozuzo na-eme n'ala idei mmiri ihe dị ka ọnwa atọ mgbe oge mmiri ozuzo gasịrị na Jenụwarị ruo Febụwarị. Idei mmiri na-abụkarị n'ọnwa Eprel, ma na-ala azụ site na Mee ruo Julaị, mgbe ahịhịa na-eto ngwa ngwa n'ala dị larịị a na-ekpughere. N'ime mmiri kacha ala n'osimiri ahụ na Nọvemba, idei mmiri ahụ ka nwere ihe dị ka kilomita 537 nke ọdọ mmiri, swamps na ọwa mmiri. Idei mmiri ahụ hapụrụ ala ntụ ntụ ruo oji nke na-eme nri nke kpuchiri ájá Kalahari, eme ka ihe ndị dị n'ime ala nke idei mmiri ahụ tinyere ájá sitere na ahịhịa ndị idei mmiri mbụ gburu, nakwa site na osisi mmiri ndị rere ure nke a hapụrụ ka ha kpọọ nkụ n'ime apịtị ahụ. Ọ na-enye ezigbo aja, mana n'oge ọkọchị, ọ na-esi ike n'ọkụ anyanwụ.

Ka idei mmiri na-ebelata, mmiri na-apụ n'ime ọdọ mmiri, apịtị, na ọdọ mmiri oxbow.

== Ebe okike ==
Ala idei mmiri ahụ dị n'ime ala ahịhịa ndị Zambia jupụtara na mmiri dị n'ime ya, ebe ájá dị ntakịrị elu nke na-akọ ahịhịa kpọrọ nkụ n'elu ya (ala ahịhịa Zambezian nke dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ) gbara ya gburugburu nwere savanna ọhịa (Zambezian Baikiaea lands) n'ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda, yana obere ọhịa na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ (Cryptosepalum dry forests) n'ebe ugwu na ọwụwa anyanwụ.

Idei mmiri ahụ na-enye ebe obibi mmiri maka azụ dịka azụ̀ tigerfish na bream, agụ iyi, hippopotamus, nnụnụ mmiri, nnụnụ ndị na-eri azụ̀, na lechwe, antelope. Mgbe idei mmiri gasịrị, ala ahụ bụ ebe obibi maka anụmanụ ndị na-ata nri dịka wildebeest, zebra, tsessebe na obere ele dịka oribi na steenbok, na anụ ndị na-eri ha.
A chụpụrụ ndị na-akọ ahịhịa n'ọtụtụ ebe site n'aka ehi ndị Lozi na-ata nri, mana ha enyela nnukwu anụ ọhịa n'ala ahịhịa kpọrọ nkụ dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ, ogigeụndụ Liuwa Plain, nke bụbu ebe ịchụ nta Litunga, e guzobere ya dị ka ebe nchekwa anụ ọhịa site n'aka Lewanika na narị afọ nke 19. In addition the entire western of the Zambezi within the country is a Game Management Area.
[[Faịlụ:Isolated_human_settlements_on_high_ground_in_the_Barotse_Floodplain.jpg|thumb|390x390px|'''Ebe obibi mmadụ dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ebe dị elu na Barotse Floodplain, Osimiri Zambezi dị nso n'obodo Mongu na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ, Zambia.''']]

== Okike mmadụ nke ala dị larịị ==
Ihe dị ka mmadụ 250,000 bi n'ala ahụ, ha na-enwekwa ọtụtụ ehi yiri nke ahụ, na-akwaga n'ala ahịhịa dị n'akụkụ ebe idei mmiri ahụ dị mgbe idei mmiri ahụ rutere. Ala idei mmiri ahụ bụ otu n'ime ebe kacha emepụta ihe maka ịzụ ehi na mba ahụ.

Ndị Lozi na-ejidekwa azụ̀, na-eri ihe dị ka okpukpu ise karịa nkezi mba ahụ. Mgbe idei mmiri ruru, ha na-eji ọnyà azụ̀ na ube azụ̀, ha na-ejikwa ụgbụ dị ka ihe e ji egwuri egwu n'ọdọ mmiri ndị idei mmiri ahụ hapụrụ. Azụ̀ na-apụta obere oge tupu iju mmiri ahụ, mmiri mbụ ahụ na-aghọ hypoxic (oxygen dị ala) nke na-egbu ọtụtụ azụ̀, ebe àkwá dị ndụ.

Ndị Lozi na-akụ ihe ọkụkụ na ala mmiri dị ka ọka, [[Osikàpà|osikapa]], poteto, na okpete.

Ọnwa Nọvemba ruo Jenụwarị bụ ọnwa ndị na-adịghị mma.
A na-emefusị ihe ubi echekwara site n'oge gara aga, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gwụchaa, n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, a ga-ebuga ya n'oge njem ahụ, ebe ihe ubi na ahịhịa nke oge ọhụrụ ahụ arụpụtabeghị ihe, n'otu oge ahụkwa, ịkụ azụ na-akwụsị maka oge ịmụ nwa. Ịchụ nta na ịchụ nta anụmanụ, nke nwere ike ime ka oghere ahụ jupụta, adịghịzi maka ọtụtụ mmadụ, ịchụ nta nnụnụ mmiri bụkwa otu n'ime ihe ole na ole e ji azụta ntụ ọka.

Ala idei mmiri ahụ na-ekpebi ma na-achịkwa ụzọ ndụ, akụnụba, ọha mmadụ na omenala nke Lozi, bụ́ ndị nwere nkà n'ịrụ ụgbọ mmiri, ndị na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na ndị na-egwu mmiri.
A na-eme emume njem kwa afọ nke idei mmiri na emume Kuomboka nke a na-eme na Mongu, isi obodo Barotseland na onye ga-anọchi ya, Western Province.

N'afọ mmiri ozuzo dịka nke afọ 2005, ihe onwunwe na ndụ na-efu n'ihi idei mmiri na Barotse Plain. Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ bụ ezigbo ihe atụ nke ụkpụrụ na idei mmiri eke kwa afọ site n'osimiri bara uru ma na-arụpụta ihe maka anụ ọhịa na ụmụ mmadụ, ebe igbochi osimiri iji chịkwaa idei mmiri, dịka o mere na Kafue Flats, nwere ike imebi gburugburu ebe obibi.

=== Ọganihu ===
A machibidoro mmepe na mbara ala ruo ugbu a -

* ọwa mmiri ahụ e gwuru n'oge ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị iji jikọta obere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na Mongu na ọwa mmiri Zambezi n'oge ọkọchị
* obere obodo na ogige ndị e wuru n'elu ugwu, dị ka Lealui
* egwu ole na ole n'oge ọkọchị
* Ụgbọ mmiri na Sandaula, Libonda na Lukulu
* ụfọdụ ubi osikapa na okpete.

Njikwa siri ike maka ụzọ Litunga si abanye n'ala idei mmiri na ịdị n'otu nke ndị obodo emeela ka mmepe azụmahịa nke ndị si mba ọzọ belata. 

==== Ụzọ Mmiri nke Barotse ====
[[Faịlụ:Bridge_over_the_Barotse_Floodplain_near_Mongu_city_aerial_view.jpg|thumb|'''Àkwà mmiri gafere n'ala mmiri nke Barotse n'obodo Mongu, mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ, Zambia.''']]
Ọrụ ọhụrụ, ụzọ Mongu-Kalabo, ga-enwe nnukwu ihe ga-esi na ya pụta. N'ihe dịka afọ 2002, e wuru ụzọ dị kilomita iri anọ na isii n'etiti ebe idei mmiri ahụ, wee jiri okporo ụzọ awara awara site na Mongu ruo Kalabo, site na ụgbọ mmiri gafere ọwa mmiri dị na Sandaula, nke a ga-eji akwa mmiri dị mita 500 dochie. A na-ewere ya dị ka mgbakwunye nke Ụzọ Lusaka-Mongu si Lusaka. E bu n'obi ka e mechaa ya na 2006, ọ bụ ihe siri ike iwu ụlọ n'elu ala idei mmiri ahụ mere ka ọ ghara ịdị irè. Ọ dịghị okwute dị n'ógbè ahụ, e jikwa ájá na ájá e si n'ime obere oghere ndị dị n'akụkụ ya wuo ụzọ okporo ụzọ ahụ. Idei mmiri karịrị nke a na-emebu kpuchiri nnukwu akụkụ. Onye ọrụ nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ ụlọ ọrụ dị na Kuwait nke kwetara na ọnọdụ siri ike. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Times nke Zambia kwuru na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ lere gburugburu ebe idei mmiri dị anya, ma hapụ nkwekọrịta ahụ. Emeela mgbanwe ndị sochiri iji bulie elu okporo ụzọ ahụ ma mee ka ọnụọgụgụ na nha nke ọwara mmiri dịkwuo elu, nke a butere nsogbu ego. A rụchara ụzọ ahụ n'afọ 2016. Otu onye ọrụ nkwekọrịta nke mba Chaịna, Aviation Industry Corporation nke mba Chaịna (AVIC International), rụchara ọrụ ahụ nke ruru nde dọla US 286.9. Ụzọ ahụ ruru Kilomita iri atọ na anọ n'ala Baroste, ebe àkwà mmiri iri abụọ na isii gafere ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/04/08/mongu-kalabo-road-completed/|title=Zambia : The Mongu-Kalabo road has been completed}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ndepụta nke ebe ndị a na-agafe Osimiri Zambezi

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

: '''Ihe odide map'''

* &quot;Zambia 1:1,500,000 2nd Edition&quot;, Terracarta/International Travel Maps, Vancouver, 2000.
* [https://encarta.msn.com/encnet/features/mapcenter/map.aspx?TextLatitude=-0.336785200454403&amp;TextLongitude=29.5037588339211&amp;TextAltitude=6&amp;TextSelectedEntity=1075&amp;MapStyle=Comprehensive&amp;MapSize=Medium&amp;MapStyleSelectedIndex=0&amp;searchTextMap=Barotse+Floodplain&amp;MapStylesList=Comprehensive&amp;ZoomOnMapClickCheck=on ''MSN Encarta World Atlas'']  online nwetara na 19 Nọvemba 2007. 

&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|15|2|S|22|53|E}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359253214|Ralph Okeke]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Ralph U. Okeke
| office              = Member of the House of Representatives of Nigeria
| constituency        = [[Anambra East]]/[[Anambra West]]
| term_start          = 2007
| term_end            = 2011
| party               = Peoples Democratic Party
| occupation          = Politician
}}
'''Ralph U. Okeke''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ Naijiria na onye bụbu onye otu House of representatives nke Naijiria.  Ọ nọchitere anya Anambra East / Anambra West nke Anambra State site na 2007 ruo 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2008-04-18|title=The House of Representatives, Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=http://www.nassnig.org:80/House/House_2007_2011/Member_Pages/RepMembers_2007_to_2011.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418093046/http://www.nassnig.org:80/House/House_2007_2011/Member_Pages/RepMembers_2007_to_2011.html|archivedate=2008-04-18|accessdate=2025-12-29|work=Federal Republic of Nigeria National Assembly}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/okeke-u-raphael|accessdate=2025-12-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwafor|date=2017-02-15|title=Ojukwu would've joined APC if he was alive —Ex-Rep|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/02/ojukwu-wouldve-joined-apc-alive-ex-rep/|accessdate=2025-12-30|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
A nsogbu Okeke ka ọ bụrụ onye nwe anya ụlọ na 2007 na ikpo okwu nke Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) ma jee ozi ruo 2011. Chriscato Ikechukwu Ameke nọchiri ya..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/okeke-u-raphael|accessdate=2025-12-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/okeke-u-raphael &quot;Citizen Science Nigeria&quot;]. ''citizensciencenigeria.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-12-30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị otu House of Representatives nke Nigeria, 2007-2011

== Edemsibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <comment>Fix</comment>
      <origin>672048</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2425" sha1="9rl97fvjvxlcumwtehip21hl8ggrf0y" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Ralph U. Okeke
| office              = Member of the House of Representatives of Nigeria
| constituency        = [[Anambra East]]/[[Anambra West]]
| term_start          = 2007
| term_end            = 2011
| party               = Peoples Democratic Party
| occupation          = Politician
}}
'''Ralph U. Okeke''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ Naijiria na onye bụbu onye otu House of representatives nke Naijiria.  Ọ nọchitere anya Anambra East / Anambra West nke Anambra State site na 2007 ruo 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2008-04-18|title=The House of Representatives, Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=http://www.nassnig.org:80/House/House_2007_2011/Member_Pages/RepMembers_2007_to_2011.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418093046/http://www.nassnig.org:80/House/House_2007_2011/Member_Pages/RepMembers_2007_to_2011.html|archivedate=2008-04-18|accessdate=2025-12-29|work=Federal Republic of Nigeria National Assembly}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/okeke-u-raphael|accessdate=2025-12-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwafor|date=2017-02-15|title=Ojukwu would've joined APC if he was alive —Ex-Rep|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/02/ojukwu-wouldve-joined-apc-alive-ex-rep/|accessdate=2025-12-30|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
A nsogbu Okeke ka ọ bụrụ onye nwe anya ụlọ na 2007 na ikpo okwu nke Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) ma jee ozi ruo 2011. Chriscato Ikechukwu Ameke nọchiri ya..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/okeke-u-raphael|accessdate=2025-12-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/okeke-u-raphael &quot;Citizen Science Nigeria&quot;]. ''citizensciencenigeria.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-12-30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị otu House of Representatives nke Nigeria, 2007-2011

== Edemsibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <revision>
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        <username>Aluta editor</username>
        <id>62822</id>
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      <comment>fixed refference with ref tag</comment>
      <origin>672141</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2237" sha1="cjuad3kpyhlvyzyisgqt5zn6fxee4os" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Ralph U. Okeke
| office              = Member of the House of Representatives of Nigeria
| constituency        = [[Anambra East]]/[[Anambra West]]
| term_start          = 2007
| term_end            = 2011
| party               = Peoples Democratic Party
| occupation          = Politician
}}
'''Ralph U. Okeke''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ Naijiria na onye bụbu onye otu House of representatives nke Naijiria.  Ọ nọchitere anya Anambra East / Anambra West nke Anambra State site na 2007 ruo 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2008-04-18|title=The House of Representatives, Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=http://www.nassnig.org:80/House/House_2007_2011/Member_Pages/RepMembers_2007_to_2011.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418093046/http://www.nassnig.org:80/House/House_2007_2011/Member_Pages/RepMembers_2007_to_2011.html|archivedate=2008-04-18|accessdate=2025-12-29|work=Federal Republic of Nigeria National Assembly}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwafor|date=2017-02-15|title=Ojukwu would've joined APC if he was alive —Ex-Rep|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/02/ojukwu-wouldve-joined-apc-alive-ex-rep/|accessdate=2025-12-30|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
A nsogbu Okeke ka ọ bụrụ onye nwe anya ụlọ na 2007 na ikpo okwu nke Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) ma jee ozi ruo 2011. Chriscato Ikechukwu Ameke nọchiri ya..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/okeke-u-raphael|accessdate=2025-12-30|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/okeke-u-raphael &quot;Citizen Science Nigeria&quot;]. ''citizensciencenigeria.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-12-30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị otu House of Representatives nke Nigeria, 2007-2011

== Edemsibia ==
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    <title>Iheanacho Nwogu</title>
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{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Iheanacho Nwogu
| image               = 
| office              = Member, Abia State House of Assembly
| constituency        = Osisioma North State Constituency
| term_start          = 2023
| predecessor         = 
| party               = Labour Party (2024–present)&lt;br&gt;Young Progressives Party (2023–2024)
}}
{{Reflist}}Iheanacho Nwogu Listenⓘ bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa nke na-eje ozi dịka onye otu ụlọ omeiwu steeti Abia na-anọchite anya ndị omeiwu Osisioma North State. &lt;ref name=&quot;signalnews&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-09-18|title=Iheanacho Nwogu Reaffirms Maximum Support For Osisioma Ngwa North Women At August Meeting|url=https://signalnews.com.ng/iheanacho-nwogu-promises-osisioma-ngwa-north-women-maximum-support-at-august-meeting/|accessdate=2025-01-02|work=Signal News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;TW-31D&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Chionye|first=Eucharia|date=31 December 2024|title=Abia Lawmaker Distributes Gifts To Constituents, Promises Better Days – The Whistler Newspaper|url=https://thewhistler.ng/abia-lawmaker-distributes-gifts-to-constituents-promises-better-days/|accessdate=2 January 2025|work=[[The Whistler (newspaper)|The Whistler]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DP-30N&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Chibuike|first=Daniel|date=2023-11-30|title=Appeal Court upholds YPP, PDP House of Assembly members' victories in Abia|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/11/30/appeal-court-upholds-ypp-pdp-house-of-assembly-members-victories-in-abia/|accessdate=2025-01-02|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwafor|date=2024-05-14|title=Otti receives defecting YPP lawmakers into LP|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/05/otti-receives-defecting-ypp-lawmakers-into-lp/|accessdate=2025-07-05|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu nke asatọ n'Abia n'afọ 2023 n'okpuru otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Young Progressives Party (YPP) tupu o mechaa gbapụ gaa na otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Labour Party (LP).&lt;ref name=&quot;nigerianleaders&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-08|title=Complete List Of Abia State House of Assembly Members|url=https://nigerianleaders.com/complete-list-of-abia-state-house-of-assembly-members/|accessdate=2025-01-02|work=Nigerian Leaders}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DP-14M&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ugwu|first=Francis|date=2024-05-14|title=Two Abia lawmakers dump YPP for Labour Party|url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/05/14/two-abia-lawmakers-dump-ypp-for-labour-party/|accessdate=2025-01-02|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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| name                = Iheanacho Nwogu
| image               = 
| office              = Member, Abia State House of Assembly
| constituency        = Osisioma North State Constituency
| term_start          = 2023
| predecessor         = 
| party               = Labour Party (2024–present)&lt;br&gt;Young Progressives Party (2023–2024)
}}
{{Reflist}}Iheanacho Nwogu Listenⓘ bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa nke na-eje ozi dịka onye otu ụlọ omeiwu steeti Abia na-anọchite anya ndị omeiwu Osisioma North State. &lt;ref name=&quot;signalnews&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-09-18|title=Iheanacho Nwogu Reaffirms Maximum Support For Osisioma Ngwa North Women At August Meeting|url=https://signalnews.com.ng/iheanacho-nwogu-promises-osisioma-ngwa-north-women-maximum-support-at-august-meeting/|accessdate=2025-01-02|work=Signal News}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;TW-31D&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Chionye|first=Eucharia|date=31 December 2024|title=Abia Lawmaker Distributes Gifts To Constituents, Promises Better Days – The Whistler Newspaper|url=https://thewhistler.ng/abia-lawmaker-distributes-gifts-to-constituents-promises-better-days/|accessdate=2 January 2025|work=[[The Whistler (newspaper)|The Whistler]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DP-30N&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Chibuike|first=Daniel|date=2023-11-30|title=Appeal Court upholds YPP, PDP House of Assembly members' victories in Abia|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/11/30/appeal-court-upholds-ypp-pdp-house-of-assembly-members-victories-in-abia/|accessdate=2025-01-02|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwafor|date=2024-05-14|title=Otti receives defecting YPP lawmakers into LP|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/05/otti-receives-defecting-ypp-lawmakers-into-lp/|accessdate=2025-07-05|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu nke asatọ n'Abia n'afọ 2023 n'okpuru otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Young Progressives Party (YPP) tupu o mechaa gbapụ gaa na otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Labour Party (LP).&lt;ref name=&quot;nigerianleaders&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-08|title=Complete List Of Abia State House of Assembly Members|url=https://nigerianleaders.com/complete-list-of-abia-state-house-of-assembly-members/|accessdate=2025-01-02|work=Nigerian Leaders}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DP-14M&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ugwu|first=Francis|date=2024-05-14|title=Two Abia lawmakers dump YPP for Labour Party|url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/05/14/two-abia-lawmakers-dump-ypp-for-labour-party/|accessdate=2025-01-02|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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    <title>Abraham Oba</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361968930|Abraham Oba]]&quot;</comment>
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Abraham Oba Listenⓘ bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa. Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dịka onye otu ụlọ omeiwu steeti Abia nke na-anọchite anya Aba Central Constituency na nzuko omeiwu steeti ahụ.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Emeruwa|first=Chijindu|date=2021-10-06|title=Abia: APGA lawmaker, Abraham Oba defects to PDP|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/10/06/abia-apga-lawmaker-abraham-oba-defects-to-pdp/|accessdate=2025-01-11|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Abia Assembly suspends Minority Leader for opposing N30billion loan|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/187474-abia-assembly-suspends-minority-leader-for-opposing-n30billion-loan.html?tztc=1|accessdate=2025-01-11|work=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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      <text bytes="825" sha1="gl9fqqbclmajeiup3v8g3w2b28djwz5" xml:space="preserve">Abraham Oba Listenⓘ bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa. Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dịka onye otu ụlọ omeiwu steeti Abia nke na-anọchite anya Aba Central Constituency na nzuko omeiwu steeti ahụ.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Emeruwa|first=Chijindu|date=2021-10-06|title=Abia: APGA lawmaker, Abraham Oba defects to PDP|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/10/06/abia-apga-lawmaker-abraham-oba-defects-to-pdp/|accessdate=2025-01-11|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Abia Assembly suspends Minority Leader for opposing N30billion loan|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/187474-abia-assembly-suspends-minority-leader-for-opposing-n30billion-loan.html?tztc=1|accessdate=2025-01-11|work=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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    <title>Chudi Offodile</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359253204|Chudi Offodile]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Chudi Offodile
| office              = Federal Representative
| constituency        = [[Awka]]
| term_start          = 1999
| term_end            = 2005
| occupation          = Politician
}}
Chudi Offodile {{Audio|Ig-Chudi Offodile.ogg|Listen}} bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ na onye edemede Naijiria.  Ọ nọchitere anya Awka Federal Constituency na National Assembly site na 1999 ruo 2005.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rapheal|date=2024-05-04|title=Chudi Offodile: When patience is a virtue|url=https://thesun.ng/chudi-offodile-when-patience-is-a-virtue/|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2020, a mgbaàmà ya dị ka onye isi ụmụaka na Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA)..  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Jeremiah|first=Urowayino|date=2020-03-18|title=Anambra govt congratulates Offodile on appointment to NIMASA Board|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/anambra-govt-congratulates-offodile-on-appointment-to-nimasa-board/|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oni|first=Aderonke|date=2024-03-11|title=Chudi Offodile succeeds Bashir Jamoh as acting NIMASA DG|url=https://www.thecable.ng/chudi-offodile-succeeds-bashir-jamoh-as-acting-nimasa-dg/|accessdate=2025-02-03|work=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị otu House of Representatives nke Nigeria, 1999-2003

== Edemsibia ==
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'''Payson R. Stevens''' (amụrụ na Machị 29, 1945) bụ onye na-ese ihe, onye edemede, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, onye na'eme ihe nkiri, na onye na-ekwu okwu sayensị si United States. A na-ewere Stevens dị ka onye na-ebute ụzọ na nkwurịta okwu sayensị na ngalaba nke usoro ụwa (ESS) na Mgbanwe ihu igwe na US. A makwaara ya dị ka onye mbụ na-ese ihe dijitalụ na nke elektrọnik, onye na-ese foto, na onye na-ede uri. Na mgbakwunye, a maara ya maka ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ọrụ ebere ya na [[California]], US, na Himachal Pradesh, India.

== Ndụ onwe onye na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Payson R. Stevens na Dr. Naomi Miller Coval-Apel, onye dọkịta ezé a ma ama na New York, na Eric Stevens.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kay|first=Ernest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gpErAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=namoi+miller+coval|title=The Two Thousand Women of Achievement|date=1972|publisher=Melrose Press|isbn=978-0-900332-24-1|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2000-12-01|title=Paid Notice: Deaths COVAL, APEL, DR. NAOMI MILLER|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/01/classified/paid-notice-deaths-coval-apel-dr-naomi-miller.html|accessdate=2023-03-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Stevens nwere nzụlite na nka, molecular biology, biological oceanography, na eserese eserese. O nwere BA na Mahadum New York. Ọ gụrụ molecular biology maka masters ya na Mahadum City nke New York site na 1965 ruo 1968. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Arts Students League na School of Visual Arts na New York City . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chandok|first=Neha|date=2008-10-09|title=Payson Stevens to be honored by PCI for his work with My Himachal|url=https://hillpost.in/2008/10/payson-stevens-to-be-honored-by-pci-for-his-work-with-my-himachal/7055/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe e mesịrị, Stevens rụchara ọrụ ụfọdụ na Scripps Institution of Oceanography, n'okpuru nduzi nke Roger Revelle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Barton|first=Jenifer|date=2023|title=Branding the Earth: Selling Earth system science in the United States, 1983-1988|journal=Social Studies of Science|language=en|volume=53|issue=1|pages=49–80|doi=10.1177/03063127221122436|issn=0306-3127|pmid=36112799}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Stevens is married to the Indian writer Kamla K. Kapur. They live in Del Mar, San Diego County, California.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bio - Kamla K. Kapur|url=https://www.kamlakkapur.com/bio/|work=kamlakkapur.com|date=8 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021|title=Del Mar City Council Meeting Agenda, October 18, 2021 City Council Meeting, Information received after the council agenda was distributed.|url=https://www.delmar.ca.us/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_10182021-2848|work=delmar.ca.us}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.delmar.ca.us/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_10182021-2848 &quot;Del Mar City Council Meeting Agenda, October 18, 2021 City Council Meeting, Information received after the council agenda was distributed&quot;]. ''delmar.ca.us''. 2021.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwurịta okwu sayensị ==
Stevens bụ onye ndụmọdụ naenye aka na akwụkwọ nkuzi kọleji Biology Today na Geology Today, nke CRM bipụtara na 1972 na 1973 n'otu n'otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chandok|first=Neha|date=2008-10-09|title=Payson Stevens to be honored by PCI for his work with My Himachal|url=https://hillpost.in/2008/10/payson-stevens-to-be-honored-by-pci-for-his-work-with-my-himachal/7055/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFChandok2008&quot;&gt;Chandok, Neha (2008-10-09). [https://hillpost.in/2008/10/payson-stevens-to-be-honored-by-pci-for-his-work-with-my-himachal/7055/ &quot;Payson Stevens to be honored by PCI for his work with My Himachal&quot;]. ''Hill Post''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2023-03-07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=50 Watts: An Artist's Interpretation of a Flashback: Biology Today 3|url=https://50watts.com/filter/textbooks/An-Artist-s-Interpretation-of-a-Flashback-Biology-Today-3|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=50watts.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Stevens bụ onye edemede maka ihe ngosi 'Antarctica: Desert of Ice, Sea of Life', nke KPBS gosipụtara na Nọvemba 19, 1979.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Antarctica: Desert of Ice, Sea of Life|url=https://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-526-x639z91q27|work=americanarchive.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ngosi a meriri CINE Golden Eagle Award na 1980 Silver Award na US Industrial Film Festival. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=GhJbAAAAYAAJ&amp;dq=Antarctica:+Desert+of+Ice,+See+of+Life&amp;pg=RA15-PA31-IA13|title=Princeton Alumni Weekly|date=1983|publisher=Princeton University Press|language=en|chapter=Class Notes - 62, Jeff Kirsch}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1979, Stevens guzobere ụlọ ọrụ InterNetwork Inc. (INI) 'iji nye ọrụ nkwurịta okwu nye òtù ndị chọrọ ịnye ozi sayensị nye ndị na-ege ntị na-eji mgbasa ozi dịgasị iche iche'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Barton|first=Jenifer|date=2023|title=Branding the Earth: Selling Earth system science in the United States, 1983-1988|journal=Social Studies of Science|volume=53|issue=1|pages=57|doi=10.1177/03063127221122436|pmid=36112799}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1985, Kọmitii Sayensị Ụwa nke NASA gakwuuru Stevens maka enyemaka n'ịkpọtụrụ ndị na-abụghị ndị ọrụ, dị ka ndị bureaucrats, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na ọha na eze, na ọzụzụ ESS na-amalite n'oge ahụ. Stevens na ụlọ ọrụ ya INI kwadebere ihe ESS na atụmatụ iji kwalite ha. Ụfọdụ n'ime isiokwu ESS Stevens / INI nyere aka mepụta ma gosipụta ihe ndị gụnyere mmeghe ESS,  Mgbanwe ihu igwe, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=NASA Advisory Council Earth System Sciences Committee|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5BVOAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=+Payson+Stevens&amp;pg=PA208|title=Earth System Science: A Program for Global Change|date=1986|publisher=NASA|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọrụ mbara igwe maka data oceanographic, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InZNAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=payson+stevens&amp;pg=PP24|title=Reports to the Nation on Our Changing Planet|date=1991|publisher=University Center for Atmospheric Research|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; El Nino, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_zhSAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=payson+stevens|title=El Niño and Climate Prediction|date=1994|publisher=University Corporation for Atmospheric Research|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Ozone layer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fkvehJr0im4C&amp;dq=payson+stevens&amp;pg=PT2|title=Topex/Poseidon, a United States/France Mission: Oceanography from Space : the Oceans and Climate|date=1992|publisher=NASA|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Albritton|first=Daniel L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2VZfXJ0zVyIC&amp;q=payson+stevens|title=Our Ozone Shield|date=1992|publisher=University Corporation for Atmospheric Research|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro eji eme ihe na ihe ndị a na atụmatụ nkwalite na-ejikọkarị ya na ahịa ụlọ ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Barton|first=Jenifer|date=2023|title=Branding the Earth: Selling Earth system science in the United States, 1983-1988|journal=Social Studies of Science|volume=53|issue=1|pages=56|doi=10.1177/03063127221122436|pmid=36112799}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka e mesịrị na 1990s, InterNetwork Inc. ghọrọ ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ, nke a na-akpọ InterNetwork Media Inc. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About InterNetwork Media|url=http://www.in-media.com/About.html|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=www.in-media.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chandok|first=Neha|date=2008-10-09|title=Payson Stevens to be honored by PCI for his work with My Himachal|url=https://hillpost.in/2008/10/payson-stevens-to-be-honored-by-pci-for-his-work-with-my-himachal/7055/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFChandok2008&quot;&gt;Chandok, Neha (2008-10-09). [https://hillpost.in/2008/10/payson-stevens-to-be-honored-by-pci-for-his-work-with-my-himachal/7055/ &quot;Payson Stevens to be honored by PCI for his work with My Himachal&quot;]. ''Hill Post''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2023-03-07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dịka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke sayensị bụ Jenifer Barton si kwuo, 'Ọrụ Payson Stevens nyere aka gbanwee ngwaahịa ESS na atụmatụ nkwukọrịta dị iche iche ka ọ bụrụ akara sayensị'.[1] Arụmụka ndị yiri ya gbasara mkpa ọrụ Stevens dị maka ESS pụtakwara na ajụjụ ọnụ nke ọkà mmụta sayensị ụwa bụ Berrien Moore III (2011), nakwa na Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences (2008).[2][3]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Berrien Moore III Oral History|url=https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/oral_histories/NASA_HQ/ESS/MooreB/MooreB_4-4-11.htm|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Wilson|first=W.S.|title=Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences|publisher=Academic Press|year=2008|editor=J.H. Steele, K. K. Turekian &amp; S. A. Thorpe|edition=2nd|pages=70|chapter=Satellite oceanography, history, and introductory concepts}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1989, Stevens gosipụtara ọrụ INI na 'Sundance Symposium on Global Climate Change' nke Robert Redford.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nc9UAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=robert+redford+payson+stevens|title=Communication Art|publisher=Coyne &amp; Blanchard|year=1990|isbn=978-0-9694432-0-9|location=California|pages=109|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1990, Stevens kwuru Okwu TED banyere okpomọkụ ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Alsop|first=Stewart|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=KzsEAAAAMBAJ&amp;dq=TED+2+global+warming+1990&amp;pg=PA106|title=Info World - the weekly for personal computing professionals|date=March 5, 1990|publisher=InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.|pages=106|language=en|chapter=Personal Computers Are Finally Becoming Good Enough for Art}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1993, ụlọ ọrụ Stevens bụ INI natara onyinye John Wesley Powell site na United States Geological Survey . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/yb/1993fy/report.pdf|title=U.S. Geological Survey Yearbook - Fiscal Year 1993|publisher=United States Government Printing Office|year=1994|pages=94}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1994, INI gara n'ihu nata onyinye onye isi ala maka imepụta ihe magburu onwe ya site n'aka onye isi ala Bill Clinton. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About InterNetwork Media|url=http://www.in-media.com/About.html|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=www.in-media.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.in-media.com/About.html &quot;About InterNetwork Media&quot;]. ''www.in-media.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2023-03-07&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPcnAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=payson+stevens|title=New Media|date=1994|publisher=HyperMedia Communications, Incorporated|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchekwa okike ==
Na ngwụcha afọ 1970, Stevens sonyere na mbọ ọha na eze na-agba iji nweta traktị ụfọdụ, nke a kara akara maka Igwu mmanụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri na Outer Continental Shelf dị nso na San Diego, California, ehichapụ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=United States Congress House Select Committee on the Outer Continental Shelf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8F7d3oUHcBgC&amp;dq=san+diego+OCS+payson+r+stevens&amp;pg=PA1019|title=O.C.S. Oversight of 1978 Amendments: Hearings Before the Select Committee on the Outer Continental Shelf, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, First Session, on Oversight on the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act Amendments of 1978|date=1979|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
north
Na afọ 2000, otu ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo bụ́ 'Friends of GHNP' hiwere site n'aka Stevens na Sanjeeva Pandey, onye ọrụ Indian Forest Service, onye bụkwa onye nduzi nke Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP), nke dị na steeti Himachal Pradesh nke ugwu India.[1] Stevens bụ onye isi na Friends of GHNP, bụ́ ndị chịkọtara akwụkwọ nhọpụta ahụ ma duzie ngwa maka ọkwa UNESCO World Heritage Site maka Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP) na Himachal Pradesh, India.[2] Na June 2014, GHNP ghọrọ Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa nke UNESCO.[3][4]


5aKemgbe 2021, Stevens etinyela aka na mbọ ọha na eze na-agba iji chebe ugwu na osimiri dị na Del Mar, California, n'akụkụ [[Òrìmìlì Pacific|Oké Osimiri Pacific]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021|title=Del Mar City Council Meeting Agenda, October 18, 2021 City Council Meeting, Information received after the council agenda was distributed.|url=https://www.delmar.ca.us/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_10182021-2848|work=delmar.ca.us}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Concerned Citizens of Del Mar and Coastal Bluff Conservancy, Del Mar|date=2021|title=Protect and Preserve Del Mar Bluffs and Beach|url=https://sciencereport.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/DEL+MAR+BLUFFS+IMPACTS+-+Viz+n+Sience+Report+8Nov2021-v2+Final+Submission.pdf|work=sciencereport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ enyemaka ==
Stevens bụ onye otu ntọala na onye ndụmọdụ bọọdụ nke otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGO) 'My Himachal', nke e guzobere na 2006. NGO a zụrụ ụmụ nwanyị ime obodo dị ka ndị ọrụ nlekọta ahụike, hazie ihe ngosi ahụike njem, ma guzobe obere ego agụmakwụkwọ, niile n'akụkụ dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Himachal Pradesh, India.[1] Maka ọrụ a, Project Concern International nyere Stevens nsọpụrụ na 2008.[2][3]

== Ihe osise ==

* N'afọ ndị 1960, Stevens bụ akụkụ nke Bread and Puppet Theatre na New York City.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Katoch|first=Avnish|date=2006-10-11|title=Nicholas Roerich's 132nd birth anniversary|url=https://hillpost.in/2006/10/nicholas-roerich’s-132nd-birth-anniversary/758/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1983, e gosipụtara ihe osise kọmputa ya nke akpọrọ 'Entropy' na SIGGRAPH 1983: Art Show na Detroit, Michigan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brad de Graf, Payson Stevens: Entropy – ACM SIGGRAPH ART SHOW ARCHIVES|url=https://digitalartarchive.siggraph.org/artwork/brad-de-graf-payson-stevens-entropy/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=digitalartarchive.siggraph.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SIGGRAPH 1983: Art Show – ACM SIGGRAPH ART SHOW ARCHIVES|url=https://digitalartarchive.siggraph.org/exhibition/siggraph-1983-art-show/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=digitalartarchive.siggraph.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2006, Roerich Memorial Museum and Art Gallery na Naggar, India, kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ihe osise Stevens, nke akpọrọ 'Flux and Flow'. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Development Report of International Roerich Memorial Trust from 01.01.2002 till 08.09.2012 - by Alena Adamkova|url=https://lebendige-ethik.net/index.php/english/45-report-irmt-adamkova/327-adamkova-1-copy|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=lebendige-ethik.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2007, e gosipụtara ihe osise Stevens na nke Lotte Koch na Nele von Mengerhausen na ngosi 'Alles im Fluss', na Tannerhof na Bayerischzell, Germany.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2007|title=Veranstaltungskalender Kultur und Brauchtum|url=https://www.kulturvision-aktuell.de/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/kulturbegegnungen07.pdf|work=kulturvision-aktuell.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2007, ụlọ ngosi nka gọọmentị na ụlọ ngosi nka dị na Chandigarh, India, kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ihe osise Stevens, nke akpọrọ 'Energy Flows'. Ihe osise ndị ahụ dabeere na isiokwu nke ike nke mmiri na-asọ, na mmụba nke mkpụrụ obi mmadụ site na ndụ na ọnwụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Katoch|first=Avnish|date=2007-10-10|title=Payson Stevens exhibition at Chandigarh Museum and Art Gallery|url=https://hillpost.in/2007/10/payson-stevens-exhibition-at-chandigarh-museum-and-art-gallery/3222/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2008, Doordarshan, onye mgbasa ozi ọha na eze nke India, gosipụtara nka na ndụ Steven na Himalayas nke India, na ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi akpọrọ 'Energy Landscapes - The Art of Payson R. Stevens'.
* N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2009, na San Diego Museum of Art na California, Stevens kwuru okwu ma gosipụta ihe ngosi o mere na ebe obibi ndị mọnk Tabo oge ochie na Ndagwurugwu Spiti, India, ebe ya na nwunye ya tọrọ atọ izu abụọ n'ihi snow mberede na Septemba afọ 2008. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Katoch|first=Avnish|date=2009-01-20|title=Payson Stevens talk at San Diego Museum of Art|url=https://hillpost.in/2009/01/payson-stevens-of-my-himachal-to-talk-in-san-diego-museum-of-art/9804/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Na Septemba 2009, American Center nke US Embassy na New Delhi, India, kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ihe osise Stevens, nke akpọrọ 'Dark Forest/Ghana Jungle'. Ihe osise ndị ahụ dabeere na echiche ya banyere ike na-agafe n'oké ọhịa gbara ọchịchịrị.
* Na Febụwarị 2010, Southwestern College Art Gallery na Chula Vista, California, kwadoro ihe ngosi nke ọrụ nka Stevens site na 1970s gaa n'ihu, nke akpọrọ 'Energy Landscapes'. Ihe ngosi a gosipụtara ihe osise Stevens, ihe osise, ihe osisa kọmputa, akwụkwọ na posters, na ọrụ ya site na InterActive Media.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Katoch|first=Avnish|date=2010-01-17|title=Energy Landscapes - The Art of Payson R. Stevens: A My Himachal Fund Raiser|url=https://hillpost.in/2010/01/energy-landscapes-the-art-of-payson-r-stevens-a-my-himachal-fund-raiser/18104/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Hill Post|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 2015, uri vidio Stevens 'Ajanta: Small Universe' bụ nhọrọ gọọmentị na Delhi International Film Festival, India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Spiritual Messages-I : Ajanta: Small Universe|url=https://filmfreeway.com/434537|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=FilmFreeway|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu afọ ahụ, e gosipụtara uri vidio ya 'Entropic Void' na movingpoems.com.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bonta|first=Dave|date=2015-06-22|title=Entropic Void by Payson R. Stevens|url=https://movingpoems.com/2015/06/entropic-void-by-payson-r-stevens/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=Moving Poems|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 2015 na 2016, Stevens gosipụtara uri vidio ya na San Diego Museum of Art, California.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015|title=Messages from India|url=https://filmfreeway-production-storage-01.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/attachments/files/001/359/599/original/SDMA_PRS_Talk_March_2015.png?X-Amz-Expires=3600&amp;X-Amz-Date=20230307T202528Z&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2CLUDU3Q532SSOBJ/20230307/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Signature=0e768b826dd15969a7984d3e2b0d98b3da12443dbfa86fd0568ab6dfd0e03782|work=filmfreeway}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016|title=Visions of Sacred India|url=https://filmfreeway-production-storage-01.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/attachments/files/001/359/644/original/PRS_VTPs_SDMA_eVite_19_March_2016.png?X-Amz-Expires=3600&amp;X-Amz-Date=20230307T202528Z&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2CLUDU3Q532SSOBJ/20230307/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Signature=826289294223cb07f17159322b14005591102b54d6f84edb396ede9dafbb3006|work=filmfreeway}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2016, e gosipụtara uri vidio Stevens 'Divine Spell' na London International Short Film Festival.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-10-20|title=London International Short Film Festival 2016|url=https://bermondseysquare.net/short-film-festival/|accessdate=2023-03-08|work=Bermondsey Square|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 2017, abụ vidio anọ nke Stevens pụtara na ''Atticus Review''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mullins|first=Matt|date=2017-09-22|title=Four from Payson Stevens|url=https://atticusreview.org/four-payson-stevens/|accessdate=2023-03-07|work=Atticus Review|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ==

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Usoro igwu egwu OCS: San Diego na-emechi ọkwa. Oceans, 4, peeji nke 57-60.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Akụkọ ndụ na ịkụ azụ nke Pacific whiting, Merluccius productus''. Northwest na Alaska Fisheries Centre.
* Bernstein, R.L. na Stevens, P.R., 1986. Mmetụta dịpụrụ adịpụ nke oké osimiri. ''Sayensị mbara igwe na ngwa: Ọganihu na ikike (A 87-30876 12-12).'' New York, IEEE Press, peeji nke 123-131.&amp;nbsp;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ịnakwere Ụwa: Echiche ọhụrụ nke mbara ala anyị na-agbanwe agbanwe.'' San Francisco: Chronicle Books.
* Stevens, P.R. na Steinmetz, S., 2002. ''Meshuggenary: Ime emume ụwa nke Yiddish''. Simon na Schuster.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ị nọ n'Ụwa''. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ụwa Dị n'Ime'' Gị. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]

== Edensibịa ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Kafue Flats''' (a na-akpọ n'ógbè ahụ '''Butwa'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Sorensen|first=Carol|title=Controls and Sanctions over the Use of Resources In the Kafue Flats of Zambia|journal=Presented at the International Association for the Study of Common Property Fifth Common Property Conference 24–28 May 1995 at Bode, Norway|date=1995}}&lt;/ref&gt;) bụ nnukwu ebe apịtị, ọdọ mmiri mepere emepe na ala idei mmiri nke mmiri na-ezo n'oge dị n'Osimiri Kafue na mpaghara ndịda, etiti na Lusaka nke Zambia. Ha dị obere n'ime mmiri dị larịị, nke dị kilomita 240 (maịlụ 150) n'ogologo na ihe dị ka kilomita 50 (maịlụ 31), mmiriara ruo ihe na-erughị otu mita n'oge mmiri ozuzo (n'ime ọdọ mmiri ụfọdụ na ebe apịtị na-adịgide adịgide), ma kpọọ nkụ wee ghọọ ala ojii dị nro n'oge ọkọchị.

== Ọdịdị ala ==
Kafue Flats dị ihe dị ka kilomita 240 (mile 150) n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo ọdịda anyanwụ n'akụkụ Osimiri Kafue site n'okpuru oghere Itezhi-Tezhi, ebe Ọdọ Mmiri Itezhi-Tezhi dị, ruo n'obodo Kafue na mmalite nke Kafue Gorge. N'ebe kachasị obosara ha, ha dị kilomita iri ise (maịlụ iri atọ na otu) n'obosara, ebe ha niile dịkwa ihe dị ka kilomita iri isii na ise (maịlụ iri abụọ na ise). Elu Osimiri Kafue na-ada site na mita 1,030 (ụkwụ 3,380) na Itezhi-Tezhi ruo mita 990 (ụkwụ 3,250) na obodo Kafue.

Obodo Mazabuka na ebe a na-ere shuga na Nakambala dị n'akụkụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, obere obodo ahụ dịkwa na nsọtụ ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụlọ ndị ahụ.
[[Faịlụ:Kafue_Flats_in_flood_and_the_Itezhi-Tezhi_dam_14_February_2008.jpg|center|thumb|600x600px|Ihe oyiyi NASA MODIS nke Kafue Flats na idei mmiri na Itezhi-Tezhi dam - 14 Febụwarị 2008.]]
Ụlọ Kafue dị n'ime akụkụ nke Mpaghara Itezhi-Tezhi na Mumbwa dị na Central Province, Mpaghara Kafue dị na Lusaka Province na Monze, Namwala na mpaghara Mazabuka dị na mpaghara ndịda.

== Ndị mmadụ ==
A na-eche na ndị Batwa (maọbụ Twa) bụ ndị mbụ bi na mpaghara Kafue Flats mana ugbu a ha bụ obere ndị bi n'ala dị elu gburugburu ọwa mmiri Kafue ebe ha na-azụ azụ. A na-ewerekarị Batwa dị ka ndị fọdụrụ ndụ nke ndị na-agagharị agagharị bụ́ ndị bi na Zambia ogologo oge tupu ndị Bantu amalite ịbịa site na Kongo Basin n'ebe ugwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|editor=Kashoki|title=Language in Zambia|date=1978|publisher=International African Institute|location=London|isbn=0-85302-054-X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-azụ ehi bụ ndị Ila na Balundwe (ma ọ bụ Lundwe, ma ọ bụ Plateau Tonga) na-achị mpaghara ahụ ugbu a, ma ọ dịkarịa ala n'ala ndị isi iri abụọ na otu,&lt;ref name=&quot;world_fish&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lungu|first=A|title=Field study: assessing migration and mobility patterns, access to health services and vulnerabilities of female fish traders in the Kafue Flats fishery, Zambia: research design report|date=2008|publisher=World Fish Center}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye bịara n'ógbè ahụ n'agbata afọ 200 na 300 gara aga. Ha dabere na ọrụ ugbo, ịkụ azụ, ịzụ ehi na anụ ọhịa, ọtụtụ mgbe, ha na-agagharị n'etiti ebe obibi a kapịrị ọnụ n'ime ọhịa na ebe a na-azụ ehi n'ime ụlọ ndị dị larịị mgbe idei mmiri ahụ kwụsịrị. Tinyere obodo ndị bi ebe ahụ, e nwekwara ndị na-akụ azụ̀ si n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke mba ahụ na-abata n'oge. Ndị a si mba ọzọ kwabata bụ ndị Bemba si n'ebe ugwu nke mba ahụ na mpaghara Copperbelt, nakwa ndị Lozi si n'ógbè Western Province.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Merten|first=Sonja|title=Property rights, food security and child growth: Dynamics of insecurity in the Kafue Flats of Zambia|journal=Food Policy|date=2008|volume=33|issue=5|pages=434–443|doi=10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.01.004}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọnụọgụgụ ndị mmadụ amụbaala nke ukwuu kemgbe afọ 1970, ka ọ na-erule afọ 2004, e nwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ogige ịkụ azụ iri na otu dị mkpa n'ala ahụ, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha bụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala ndị ọkụ azụ 500 bi na ya. Tinyere nke ahụ, e nwere ọtụtụ ebe a na-akụ azụ nwa oge n'oge ọkọchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;chabwela&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Chabwela|first=Harry|title=Governance issues, potentials and failures of participatory collective action in the Kafue Flats, Zambia|journal=International Journal of the Commons|date=2010|volume=4|issue=2|url=http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/189/158|doi=10.18352/ijc.189|accessdate=2015-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-ekewapụ ndị Batwa n'etiti agbụrụ ndị ọzọ, ọkachasị ndị ọkụ azụ Bemba na ndị Lozi bụ́ ndị na-ewere ha dị ka ndị na-adịghị mma. N'aka nke ọzọ, ndị otu ndị ọzọ na-akwanyere Ila ùgwù nke ukwuu n'ihi na ha bụ otu n'ime ndị kacha nwee anụ ụlọ na mpaghara ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na ịkụ azụ na ịchụ nta na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọdịbendị ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;chabwela&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Chabwela|first=Harry|title=Governance issues, potentials and failures of participatory collective action in the Kafue Flats, Zambia|journal=International Journal of the Commons|date=2010|volume=4|issue=2|url=http://www.thecommonsjournal.org/index.php/ijc/article/view/189/158|doi=10.18352/ijc.189|accessdate=2015-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmiri na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ==
E gbanweela usoro mmiri nke Osimiri Kafue na Kafue Flats nke ukwuu site na owuwu nke dam abụọ n'afọ 1970, mbụ na Kafue Gorge dị n'okpuru ala ụlọ ndị ahụ wee gaa Itezhi-Tezhi dị n'elu ala ndị ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke atụmatụ iji mepụta ike mmiri eletrik.

E mechachara Ọdọ Mmiri Kafue Gorge, nke nwere ike mmepụta ike mmiri 600MW, na 1972, wee mepụta ebe nchekwa mmiri dị n'okpuru Kafue Flats nke nwere ikike nchekwa nke nde m3 785. Iji mee ka ike eletrik dịkwuo elu (ruo 900 MW), e mechara mmiri ọzọ dị mita 65 n'elu Itezhi-Tezhi, n'elu Kafue Flats, na 1976. Ebe nchekwa mmiri a nwere mmiri ruru nde mita ise na narị asaa (5,700 nde m3) ma kpuchie mpaghara 370 km2 (140 sq mi) nke Osimiri Kafue na akụkụ mmiri ya bụ Osimiri Musa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Obrdlik|first=P|title=Regulated Rivers in Zambia - The Case Study of the Kafue River|journal=Regulated Rivers: Research and Management|date=1989|volume=3|pages=371–380|doi=10.1002/rrr.3450030135}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mmiri Itezhi-Tezhi na-echekwa mmiri n'oge mmiri ozuzo, nke a na-ahapụ ya maka turbines na Kafue Gorge Dam na ebe ọkụ eletrik n'oge ọkọchị. Mmiri na-ewe ihe dị ka izu asatọ iji gaa n'etiti Itezhi-tezhi na Kafue Gorge.

Tupu e wuo ọdọ mmiri ahụ na Itezhi-Tezhi, idei mmiri nke Kafue Flats bụ n'ihi na mmiri na-asọ asọ n'ime Osimiri Kafue malitere ịrị elu mgbe mmiri ozuzo malitere na n'etitiọvemba ruo Disemba, idei mmiri na-emekarị n'etiti ọnwa Eprel na Mee. The flaMgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, mmiri dị n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ ga-agbapụta nwayọ nwayọ, ebe ọ fọrọ obere ka ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-erule Ọktoba ruo Nọvemba n'afọ na-esote. 

== Ebe ndị a na-echebe ==
Ụlọ Kafue dị n'ime ya gụnyere ogige ntụrụndụ mba abụọ (ebe nchekwa nke ụdị nke abụọ), ogige ntụrụndụ mba Lochinvar na Blue Lagoon. E guzobere ogige ntụrụndụ abụọ a n'afọ 1970 n'ala e ji azụ ehi emebu. Ogige Ntụrụndụ Lochinvar nke dị kilomita 428 (165 sq mi), nke a ma ama maka ọtụtụ Kafue lechwe, dị na ndịda Osimiri Kafue ma enwere ike iru ya site n'okporo ụzọ Lusaka-Livingstone dị na Monze.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lochinvar National Park|url=https://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/national-parks/lochinvar-national-park|work=zambiatourism.com|publisher=Zambia Tourism|accessdate=30 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogige Ntụrụndụ Lochinvar nwere otu n'ime ọnụọgụgụ kachasị elu nke kreen wattled na-adịghị ike na Afrịka.

Enwere ike iru Blue Lagoon National Park, nke dị n'ebe ugwu Kafue, site n'okporo ụzọ dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Lusaka nke dị n'akụkụ Lusaka nke dị n'akụkụ Lusaka. Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ nke dị kilomita 500 (sq mi) bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ nnụnụ mmiri dị iche iche, tinyere nnụnụ mmiri dị iche iche, nnụnụ zebra, nnụnụ ọhịa na nnụnụ ndị Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Blue Lagoon National Park|url=https://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/national-parks/blue-lagoon-national-park|work=zambiatourism.com|publisher=Zambia Tourism|accessdate=30 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mpaghara Njikwa Egwuregwu Kafue Flats (GMA) (IUCN Category VI echebere) kpuchiri obosara kilomita 6,000 (sq mi 2,300) nke Kafue Flats n'èzí ogige ntụrụndụ mba abụọ ahụ. GMA na-echebe gburugburu ebe obibi na anụ ọhịa ma na-enye ohere maka iji ihe ndị sitere n'okike eme ihe n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide.

E tinyere ụlọ elu Kafue n'ime ndepụta Ramsar nke Wetlands of International Importance na 1991, nke nwere mpaghara dị 6,000 km2 (2,300 sq mi) nke dabara na Kafue Flats GMA.&lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar_zambia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-zambia/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E15789_4000_0__|work=ramsar.org|publisher=The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands|accessdate=23 August 2014|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: Zambia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Protected_areas_of_the_Kafue_Flats.jpg|center|thumb|600x600px|Kafue Flats, Blue Lagoon National Park, Lochinvar National Park na Kafue Flats Game Management Area (GMA).]]

== Ọrụ ugbo ==
Ala gbara Kafue Flats gburugburu bụ mpaghara ọrụ ugbo dị mkpa na [[Zambia]]. Tinyere ịkwado ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na obere ndị ọrụ ugpo, ụlọ ndị ahụ bụkwa isi iyi nke mmiri ịgba mmiri maka nnukwu ọrụ ugbo azụmahịa atọ lekwasịrị anya na njedebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụlọ ndị ahụ.

Ọrụ ugbo azụmaahịa kacha ochie n'elu Kafue Flats bụ Nakambala Sugar Estate nke dị n'akụkụ ndịda nke ụlọ ndị ahụ dị na Mazabuka. Estate Nakambala, nke Zambia Sugar Plc nwe ya bụ enyemaka nke ụlọ ọrụ South Africa Illovo Sugar, tinyere ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọrụ ugbo bụ ndị kacha emepụta shuga na Zambia ma na-arụ ọrụ n'ihe dị ka hekta 20,000 nke ala ubi a na-agba mmiri.

N'ebe ugwu nke Kafue Flats, ụlọ ọrụ Consolidated Farming Ltd., nke dị na Zambia, na-emepụta shuga n'okpuru akara Kafue Sugar site na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta mmiri dị hekta 9,000 nke Kafue Flats.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Commercial Farming|url=http://www.sabletransport.com/farming.html|work=sabletransport.com|publisher=Sable Transport}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Consolidated Farming, usoro ịgba mmiri nke Chiansi na-akọ ọka wit na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ a na-agba mmiri na hekta 200, yana atụmatụ ịgbasa ruo hekta 2,500.

== Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi ==
Kafue Flats nwere usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke ala mmiri, ọdọ mmiri, ọdọ ọkụ ehi, ịhapụ ọwa osimiri, marshes na dives gbara ala ahịhịa na ọhịa gburugburu.

Ụlọ ndị ahụ nwere mpaghara abụọ dị iche iche. Ebe ndị idei mmiri na-adị n'etiti oge na ebe ndị na-adịgide adịgide bụ akụkụ nke ala ahịhịa ndị Zambia jupụtara na ya, ala ahịhịa na oke ọhịa gbara ya gburugburu dịkwa n'ime oke ọhịa Zambezian na Mopane.

Ala dị n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ dị arọ ma na-agbawa agbawa nke ukwuu mgbe ọ kpọrọ nkụ, na-arapara nke ukwuu ma na-adị nro ma na-adị plastik mgbe mmiri dị. Ala ndị a na-abụkarị isi awọ ojii ma ọ bụ isi awọ gbara ọchịchịrị ma na-emepụta ihe na-adịghị mma nke a maara dị ka gilgai nke nwere usoro obere ugwu na-eguzo 20–60 cm n'elu ebe ndị dị okirikiri dị ihe dị ka mita 2–7 n'obosara.

=== Ahịhịa ===
Ụdị ahịhịa ndị bụ́ isi dị na Kafue Flats bụ ọhịa (miombo, mopane, Acacia, na Combretum), ala ahịhịa termitaria, ala ahịhịa ndị idei mmiri juru, ala apịtị na ugwu na ọdọ mmiri na-adịgide adịgide.

=== Anụ Ọhịa ===
[[Faịlụ:Wattled_Crane_1400.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Crane wattle.]]
Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis), ele pụrụ iche maka ibi n'ọnọdụ apịtị nke ụlọ ndị ahụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Schuster&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Schuster|first=Richard|title=Will the Kafue Lechwe Survive the Kafue Dams?|journal=Oryx|date=1980|volume=15|issue=5|pages=476–489|doi=10.1017/s0030605300029203}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọ na-agbasa n'ógbè ahụ. E mere atụmatụ na e nwere anụmanụ 250,000 bi na Kafue Flat na 1931, otu n'ime anụmanụ kachasị ibu ibu n'ụwa nke nwere ike ibu kilogram 11,000/km2 (63,000 lb/sq mi).&lt;ref name=&quot;Schuster&quot; /&gt;

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2005, a chọpụtara na ọnụọgụgụ ndị lechwe adaala ruo puku iri atọ na asatọ, ọnụọgụgụ ahụ nọgidere na-adịgide ruo mgbe e mechara ọnụọgụgụ ndị ọzọ na 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lechwe_Population&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Chansa|first=Wilbroad|title=The population status of the Kafue lechwe in the Kafue Flats, Zambia|journal=African Journal of Ecology|date=2010|volume=48|issue=3|pages=837–840|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01188.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ekwu na ọnụ ọgụgụ Kafue lechwe na-ebelata bụ n'ihi iwu nke Itezhi-Tezhi Dam na mgbanwe sochirinụ n'ike na oge idei mmiri na-aga yana ịchụ nta n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị na nrụgide nke mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ehi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lechwe_Population&quot; /&gt;

Tinyere lechwe, zebra Grant bụ ụdị anụmanụ buru ibu a na-ahụkarị n'ime anụ ọhịa ndị dị n'ala. Blue wildebeest, Cape buffalo, roan, greater kudu, hippo dị na ọnụọgụgụ pere mpe, ọkachasị n'ime na gburugburu Lochinvar na Blue Lagoon National Parks.

=== Nnụnụ ===
Mpaghara Kafue Flats na-akwado ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 450 dị iche iche nke nwere nsogbu, ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ na ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ a kpọkwara mpaghara ahụ dị ka Mpaghara Nnụnụ na Ụdị Dị Iche Iche (IBA) site na [[Nnụnụ nke Mba Nile|Birdlife International]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Important Bird Areas factsheet: Kafue Flats|url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/kafue-flats-iba-zambia|work=birdlife.org|publisher=Birdlife International|accessdate=9 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ ndị ahụ dị n'ala dị iche iche nwere ọtụtụ nnụnụ mmiri bi ebe ahụ na ndị na-akwaga ebe ọzọ, gụnyere ọtụtụ ebe obibi ndị na-azụlite ụmụ anụmanụ n'ime apịtị ndị dị n'ime ha. Ụlọ ndị ahụ nwekwara ọtụtụ anụ ọhịa dị iche iche na njupụta ha, ọkachasị udele.&lt;ref name=&quot;ibas&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Leonard|first=Peter|title=Important bird areas in Zambia: priority sites for conservation|date=2005|publisher=Zambian Ornithological Society|location=Lusaka|isbn=9982-811-01-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ ndị ahụ dị oke mkpa maka kreen wattled (Bugeranus carunculatus) nke edepụtara na Ndepụta Red IUCN dị ka ndị na-adịghị ike. Ọnụọgụgụ nke kreen wattled dị n'ụlọ ndị ahụ dara site n'agbata afọ 2000 na 3000 n'afọ 1970 ruo ihe na-erughị 1000 ka ọ na-erule afọ 2002.&lt;ref name=&quot;ibas&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Leonard|first=Peter|title=Important bird areas in Zambia: priority sites for conservation|date=2005|publisher=Zambian Ornithological Society|location=Lusaka|isbn=9982-811-01-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụdị anụmanụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa a hụrụ na Kafue Flat gụnyere crowned crane, slaty egret, lappet faced vulture, lesser kestrel na corn crake.&lt;ref name=&quot;ibas&quot; /&gt;

Ihe iyi egwu nye ndụ nnụnụ nke Kafue Flats gụnyere mgbanwe na oke na oge idei mmiri nke mgbochi mmiri dị n'elu Itezhi-Tezhi kpatara, mgbasa nke ụdị ahịhịa ndị na-awakpo na mmetụta nke mmụba nke ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;ibas&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Leonard|first=Peter|title=Important bird areas in Zambia: priority sites for conservation|date=2005|publisher=Zambian Ornithological Society|location=Lusaka|isbn=9982-811-01-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==

[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[All Progressives Congress|APC]]
| spouse              = 
| occupation          = Politician
| caption             = 
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}}
'''Abubakar na Suleiman''' bụ onye agha ndị Naijiria bụ onye mgbaàmà ka ọ bụrụ ọkà okwu nke 9th Bauchi State House of Assembly na 2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Alkassim|first=Balarabe|date=20 June 2019|title=JUST IN: Bauchi Assembly: Suleiman emerges Speaker|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/just-in-bauchi-assembly-suleiman-emerges-speaker.html|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suleiman, onye otu [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] na-anọchite anya, Ningi State electorate bụ onye a họpụtara dị ka ọkà okwu nke ụlọ ahụ site na 11 n'ime ndị 31 so na nzukọ ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/politics/two-speakers-emerge-in-bauchi-assembly/|title=Two speakers emerge in Bauchi Assembly|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime ndị otu iri na otu onye ọkà okwu Suleiman, bụ ndị bụ ndị otu People's Democratic Party ebe atọ bụ ndị nnupụisi nke ọtụtụ ndị All Progressives Congress.  Akụkọ ndị otu iri na nke pati elele (APC) n' ike ike n'ihe ahụ n'oge mmalite aka ahụ.  Otu ihe mere ọhụrụ aka nke ya n'ebe dị iche ma akwado onye bụ ọkà okwu nke ngwaọrụ nke Kawuwa Damina onye na-ọso maka nhọpụta ọzọ maka ọkà okwu nke map.  [1][2][3] E mechara dozie Nsogbu ahụ.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=23 November 2019|title=Bauchi Assembly crisis over —Speaker, Suleiman|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/bauchi-assembly-crisis-over-speaker-suleiman/|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=22 June 2019|title=Bauchi Assembly crisis: APC runs to Buhari, IG for help|url=https://businessday.ng/politics/article/bauchi-assembly-crisis-apc-runs-to-buhari-ig-for-help/|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2019, a họpụtara Suleiman ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Nzukọ Ndị Isi nke Ndị omeiwu steeti nke mpaghara Northeast. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=NewsTimes|first=Daily|date=16 November 2019|title=Northeast Speakers Elect Bauchi Speaker to Chair Zonal Speakers Conference|url=https://dailynewstimesco.wordpress.com/2019/11/16/northeast-speakers-elect-bauchi-speaker-to-chair-zonal-speakers-conference/|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=Daily NewsTimes Nigeria|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359255653|Emeka Obioma]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Emeka Obioma
| office              = Chief Whip
| constituency        = Umuahia South State Constituency
| status              = Incumbent
| term_start          = 29 May 2023
| party               = Labour Party(LP)
| education           = [[Abia State University]]
| birth_date          = 7th December
| honorific_prefix    = [[Rt. Hon|Hon.]]
}}
'''Emeka Obioma Listenⓘ bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa. Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka onyeisi ndị omeiwu steeti Abia nke na-anọchite anya ndị omeiwu Umuahia South State. A họpụtara ya n'ọkwa na 29 Mee 2023.'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Abiakam|first=Gloria|date=July 5, 2023|title=Labour Party Gets Majority Leader Abia 8th Assembly, As House Receives List Of Commissioner Nominees|url=https://fmino.gov.ng/labour-party-gets-majority-leader-abia-8th-assembly-as-house-receives-list-of-commissioner-nominees/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Emeka Obioma bụ onye otu Labour Party. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=May 8, 2024|title=Complete List Of Abia State House of Assembly Members|url=https://nigerianleaders.com/abia-state-house-assembly-members/|work=Nigerian Leaders}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Emeka Obioma (amụrụ na Disemba 7) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a dịka onyeisi ndị uwe ojii nke Ụlọ Omeiwu Steeti Abia&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Abiakam|first=Gloria|date=July 5, 2023|title=Labour Party Gets Majority Leader Abia 8th Assembly, As House Receives List Of Commissioner Nominees|url=https://fmino.gov.ng/labour-party-gets-majority-leader-abia-8th-assembly-as-house-receives-list-of-commissioner-nominees/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAbiakam2023&quot;&gt;Abiakam, Gloria (July 5, 2023). [https://fmino.gov.ng/labour-party-gets-majority-leader-abia-8th-assembly-as-house-receives-list-of-commissioner-nominees/ &quot;Labour Party Gets Majority Leader Abia 8th Assembly, As House Receives List Of Commissioner Nominees&quot;].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=House of Assembly – Abia State Government|url=https://abiastate.gov.ng/house-of-assembly/|accessdate=2025-07-08|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; anọchite anya Umuahia South State Constituency dị ka onye otu Labour Party (LP). Obioma bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum steeti Abia  &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Obioma malitere ọrụ omeiwu ya mgbe o meriri oche maka Umuahia South na ntuli aka ụlọ omeiwu nke Abia nke afọ 2023. Mgbe e chiri ya n'ọkwa na 29 Mee 2023, a họpụtara ya dịka onyeisi Whip nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwado usoro pati na ịhazi azụmaahịa ndị omeiwu n'ime dịka onyeisi Whip. . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Abiakam|first=Gloria|date=July 5, 2023|title=Labour Party Gets Majority Leader Abia 8th Assembly, As House Receives List Of Commissioner Nominees|url=https://fmino.gov.ng/labour-party-gets-majority-leader-abia-8th-assembly-as-house-receives-list-of-commissioner-nominees/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAbiakam2023&quot;&gt;Abiakam, Gloria (July 5, 2023). [https://fmino.gov.ng/labour-party-gets-majority-leader-abia-8th-assembly-as-house-receives-list-of-commissioner-nominees/ &quot;Labour Party Gets Majority Leader Abia 8th Assembly, As House Receives List Of Commissioner Nominees&quot;].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2023-06-18|title=Hon Emeka Obioma holds thanksgiving, appreciates God &amp; constituents -|url=https://nationalwatch247.com/hon-emeka-obioma-holds-thanksgiving-appreciates-god-constituents/|accessdate=2025-07-08|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Machị 2024, Obioma kwadoro iwu e bu n'obi ịmepụta ebe a na-akụzi ndị nọọsụ, nke e zigara Kọmitii Ụlọ Ọrụ Ahụike..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=I will champion a Bill for Rights of Elders; Abia Assembly Chief Whip, Emeka Obioma declares|url=https://nationalsunrisee.blogspot.com/2024/10/i-will-champion-bill-for-rights-of.html|accessdate=2025-07-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Obioma kwuru na
 

== Ihe odide ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>eyb10ggqgr7bblcs5lckncnwkjt4365</sha1>
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  <page>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343506859|Niwat Roykaew]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Niwat Roykaew''', onye a makwaara dị ka &quot;'''Kru Thi'''&quot;, bụ [[Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi|onye na-ahụ maka]] gburugburu ebe obibi na Thailand nke a maara maka mbọ ọ na-agba iji chebe Osimiri Mekong site na mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọrụ mmepe. Ọ bụ onye hiwere Chiang Kong Conservation Group, netwọk nke obodo nta iri atọ nke Thailand na-achọ idozi nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke mmepe n'akụkụ Mekong kpatara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cottam|first=Bryony|date=2022-05-26|title=Retired schoolteacher Niwat Roykaew wins the 2022 Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://geographical.co.uk/science-environment/niwat-roykaew-wins-2022-goldman-environmental-prize|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Geographical|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A maara ya maka mbọ ọ na-agba ịkwụsị ọrụ mgbawa nke China na-akwado na Mekong, nke gaara ebibi kilomita 248 nke osimiri ahụ ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi. E nyere ọrụ Roykaew onyinye Goldman Environmental Prize nke afọ 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-04-19|title=Niwat Roykaew - Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/niwat-roykaew/|accessdate=2022-12-25|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndabere ==
Osimiri Mekong bụ nnukwu ihe dị n'ime mmiri dị ọcha na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, ọ na-enye nri, mmiri ọṅụṅụ, na mmiri a na-agba agba nye ihe karịrị nde mmadụ iri isii na ise. Ọ bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ [[Biodiversity|ụdị ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ]] ma a maara ya maka usoro idei mmiri na oké ọkọchị ya kwa afọ, nke na-emepụta ọnọdụ dị mkpa maka nnukwu njem azụ. Otú ọ dị, Mekong enwetawo ihe iyi egwu site na ọrụ mmepe, ọkachasị owuwu mgbochi ụlọ mmiri, nke nwere ike imebi mmiri si n'osimiri ahụ pụta ma nwee mmetụta ọjọọ na gburugburu ebe obibi na obodo ndị dị nso. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Niwat award a call to act|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|date=27 May 2022|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2316678/niwat-award-a-call-to-act|accessdate=2022-12-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cottam|first=Bryony|date=2022-05-26|title=Retired schoolteacher Niwat Roykaew wins the 2022 Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://geographical.co.uk/science-environment/niwat-roykaew-wins-2022-goldman-environmental-prize|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Geographical|language=en-gb}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCottam2022&quot;&gt;Cottam, Bryony (2022-05-26). [https://geographical.co.uk/science-environment/niwat-roykaew-wins-2022-goldman-environmental-prize &quot;Retired schoolteacher Niwat Roykaew wins the 2022 Goldman Environmental Prize&quot;]. ''Geographical''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-01-29|title=Chinese firm fails to convince locals over Mekong blasting|url=https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/regional-cooperation/mekong-blasting/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=The Third Pole|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị dị otu a bụ ọrụ mmezi ọwa ịnya ụgbọ mmiri Lancang-Mekong, nke a makwaara dịka ọrụ ịgbawa osimiri Mekong, nke tụrụ aro ịgbawa maịlụ 248 nke Mekong dị nso n'ókèala Thailand-Laotian iji mepụta ọwa sara mbara nke ụgbọ mmiri bu [[China|ndị China]] na agafe. Ọrụ a gaara enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere mbibi nke ebe obibi anụmanụ na ahịhịa dị iche iche, yana mmetụta ọjọọ n'ịkụ azụ na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Niwat award a call to act|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|date=27 May 2022|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2316678/niwat-award-a-call-to-act|accessdate=2022-12-25}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2316678/niwat-award-a-call-to-act &quot;Niwat award a call to act&quot;]. ''Bangkok Post''. 27 May 2022&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-01-29|title=Chinese firm fails to convince locals over Mekong blasting|url=https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/regional-cooperation/mekong-blasting/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=The Third Pole|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/regional-cooperation/mekong-blasting/ &quot;Chinese firm fails to convince locals over Mekong blasting&quot;]. ''The Third Pole''. 2019-01-29&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omume ==
Roykaew, onye a mụrụ ma zụlite na Chiang Kong n'akụkụ osimiri Mekong, hiwere otu nchekwa Chiang Kong na 1995. Otu a bụ netwọk nke obodo iri atọ dị na Thailand nke na-achọ idozi nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ọrụ mmepe na Mekong kpatara. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cottam|first=Bryony|date=2022-05-26|title=Retired schoolteacher Niwat Roykaew wins the 2022 Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://geographical.co.uk/science-environment/niwat-roykaew-wins-2022-goldman-environmental-prize|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Geographical|language=en-gb}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCottam2022&quot;&gt;Cottam, Bryony (2022-05-26). [https://geographical.co.uk/science-environment/niwat-roykaew-wins-2022-goldman-environmental-prize &quot;Retired schoolteacher Niwat Roykaew wins the 2022 Goldman Environmental Prize&quot;]. ''Geographical''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Defender of the Mekong, retired Thai teacher wins 'Green Nobel' {{!}} Coconuts|url=https://coconuts.co/bangkok/news/defender-of-the-mekong-retired-thai-teacher-wins-green-nobel/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Coconuts|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe Roykaew nụrụ maka ọrụ mgbawa Mekong, ọ malitere nhazi megide ya. O jiri  mmekọrịta o nwere na òtù ndị obodo, ndị bi n'ime obodo, òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmenti, na ụlọ mgbasa ozi dọta uche ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ ahụ na ndị gọọmenti.  O nyere ajụjụ ọnụ ma mepụta mgbasa ozi sara mbara, na-ekwusi ike na ụdị ndụ dị iche iche nwere ike ịla n'iyi na ọdịda gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụrụ na ọrụ ahụ agaa n'ihu. O dukwara ngagharị iwe ụgbọ mmiri na Mekong iji mee mkpesa banyere mgbawa ahụ ma zute ndị ọkụ azụ na Thailand na Laos iji mee ka a mara mmetụta nke ọrụ ahụ nwere ike inwe. Ọ gbara ndị obodo ume ka ha bịanye aka n'akwụkwọ mkpesa megide ọrụ ahụ, nke e zigara ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya China na [[Bangkok]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cottam|first=Bryony|date=2022-05-26|title=Retired schoolteacher Niwat Roykaew wins the 2022 Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://geographical.co.uk/science-environment/niwat-roykaew-wins-2022-goldman-environmental-prize|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Geographical|language=en-gb}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCottam2022&quot;&gt;Cottam, Bryony (2022-05-26). [https://geographical.co.uk/science-environment/niwat-roykaew-wins-2022-goldman-environmental-prize &quot;Retired schoolteacher Niwat Roykaew wins the 2022 Goldman Environmental Prize&quot;]. ''Geographical''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=AsiaNews.it|title=&quot;Green Nobel&quot; goes to activist who saved Mekong River rapids|url=https://www.asianews.it/news-en/%E2%80%9CGreen-Nobel%E2%80%9D-goes-to-activist-who-saved-Mekong-River-rapids-55894.html|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=www.asianews.it|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mgbakwunye na ịhazi ngagharị iwe na mkpọsa maka nkwado ọha na eze, Roykaew jikwa sayensị ụmụ amaala mee ihe iji dekọọ ụdị ndụ dị iche iche dị n'elu Mekong. Ya na ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị nchọpụta rụkọrọ ọrụ iji chọpụta ụdị azụ 100, gụnyere 16 a hụrụ naanị na ebe mmiri siri ike na-asọ n'osimiri, ma jiri ozi a kwado maka nchebe nke mpaghara ahụ. O kwupụtakwara mmegide ya megide ọrụ ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ Gọọmentị Thailand na kọmitii ndị omeiwu, na-eme ka mmetụta ọjọọ nwere ike inwe na gburugburu ebe obibi na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ pụta ìhè.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-04-19|title=Niwat Roykaew - Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/niwat-roykaew/|accessdate=2022-12-25|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/niwat-roykaew/ &quot;Niwat Roykaew - Goldman Environmental Prize&quot;]. 2022-04-19&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Thai Mekong Campaigner Awarded Prominent Environmental Prize|url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/05/thai-mekong-campaigner-awarded-prominent-environmental-prize/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=thediplomat.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ihi mgbalị Roykaew na nkwado nke obodo Mekong, a kwụsịrị ọrụ ịgbawa osimiri Mekong na Febụwarị 2020. Nke a bụ oge mbụ gọọmentị Thailand kagburu ọrụ gafere ókèala n'ihi nchegbu gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=AsiaNews.it|title=&quot;Green Nobel&quot; goes to activist who saved Mekong River rapids|url=https://www.asianews.it/news-en/%E2%80%9CGreen-Nobel%E2%80%9D-goes-to-activist-who-saved-Mekong-River-rapids-55894.html|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=www.asianews.it|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAsiaNews.it&quot;&gt;AsiaNews.it. [https://www.asianews.it/news-en/%E2%80%9CGreen-Nobel%E2%80%9D-goes-to-activist-who-saved-Mekong-River-rapids-55894.html &quot;&quot;Green Nobel&quot; goes to activist who saved Mekong River rapids&quot;]. ''www.asianews.it''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=llevin|date=2020-02-06|title=Victory on the Upper Mekong: Thai Cabinet Terminates Rapids Blasting Project|url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/news/blog-victory-on-the-upper-mekong-thai-cabinet-terminates-rapids-blasting-project/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=International Rivers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkwanye ùgwù ===
Na 2022, e nyere Roykaew ihe nrite Goldman Environmental Prize, nke a na-akpọkarị &quot;Green Nobel&quot;, iji kwado mbọ ọ gbara ichekwa Osimiri Mekong na ikike nke obodo. Ọ bụ onye mbụ si Thailand nwetara ihe nrite ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-04-19|title=Niwat Roykaew - Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/niwat-roykaew/|accessdate=2022-12-25|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/niwat-roykaew/ &quot;Niwat Roykaew - Goldman Environmental Prize&quot;]. 2022-04-19&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu nke a, na 2021, a kpọrọ ya dị ka otu n'ime &quot;Ndị dike nke Mekong&quot; site n'aka Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Mekong, otu nzukọ nke na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka a mara banyere Osimiri Mekong na mkpa ọ dị na mpaghara ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=School|first=The Mekong|date=2022-05-27|title=Chiang Khong Conservation Group Director Niwat Roykaew is awarded the 2022 Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://mekongschool.org/en/chiang-khong-conservation-group-director-niwat-roykaew-is-awarded-the-2022-goldman-environmental-prize/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=The Mekong School|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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        <username>Mirah50</username>
        <id>16972</id>
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      <comment>Fixed reference errors</comment>
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'''Niwat Roykaew''', onye a makwaara dị ka &quot;'''Kru Thi'''&quot;, bụ [[Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi|onye na-ahụ maka]] gburugburu ebe obibi na Thailand nke a maara maka mbọ ọ na-agba iji chebe Osimiri Mekong site na mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọrụ mmepe. Ọ bụ onye hiwere Chiang Kong Conservation Group, netwọk nke obodo nta iri atọ nke Thailand na-achọ idozi nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke mmepe n'akụkụ Mekong kpatara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cottam|first=Bryony|date=2022-05-26|title=Retired schoolteacher Niwat Roykaew wins the 2022 Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://geographical.co.uk/science-environment/niwat-roykaew-wins-2022-goldman-environmental-prize|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Geographical|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A maara ya maka mbọ ọ na-agba ịkwụsị ọrụ mgbawa nke China na-akwado na Mekong, nke gaara ebibi kilomita 248 nke osimiri ahụ ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi. E nyere ọrụ Roykaew onyinye Goldman Environmental Prize nke afọ 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-04-19|title=Niwat Roykaew - Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/niwat-roykaew/|accessdate=2022-12-25|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndabere ==
Osimiri Mekong bụ nnukwu ihe dị n'ime mmiri dị ọcha na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia, ọ na-enye nri, mmiri ọṅụṅụ, na mmiri a na-agba agba nye ihe karịrị nde mmadụ iri isii na ise. Ọ bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ [[Biodiversity|ụdị ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ]] ma a maara ya maka usoro idei mmiri na oké ọkọchị ya kwa afọ, nke na-emepụta ọnọdụ dị mkpa maka nnukwu njem azụ. Otú ọ dị, Mekong enwetawo ihe iyi egwu site na ọrụ mmepe, ọkachasị owuwu mgbochi ụlọ mmiri, nke nwere ike imebi mmiri si n'osimiri ahụ pụta ma nwee mmetụta ọjọọ na gburugburu ebe obibi na obodo ndị dị nso. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Niwat award a call to act|language=en|work=Bangkok Post|date=27 May 2022|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/2316678/niwat-award-a-call-to-act|accessdate=2022-12-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-01-29|title=Chinese firm fails to convince locals over Mekong blasting|url=https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/regional-cooperation/mekong-blasting/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=The Third Pole|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị dị otu a bụ ọrụ mmezi ọwa ịnya ụgbọ mmiri Lancang-Mekong, nke a makwaara dịka ọrụ ịgbawa osimiri Mekong, nke tụrụ aro ịgbawa maịlụ 248 nke Mekong dị nso n'ókèala Thailand-Laotian iji mepụta ọwa sara mbara nke ụgbọ mmiri bu [[China|ndị China]] na agafe. Ọrụ a gaara enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere mbibi nke ebe obibi anụmanụ na ahịhịa dị iche iche, yana mmetụta ọjọọ n'ịkụ azụ na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe omume ==
Roykaew, onye a mụrụ ma zụlite na Chiang Kong n'akụkụ osimiri Mekong, hiwere otu nchekwa Chiang Kong na 1995. Otu a bụ netwọk nke obodo iri atọ dị na Thailand nke na-achọ idozi nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke ọrụ mmepe na Mekong kpatara. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Defender of the Mekong, retired Thai teacher wins 'Green Nobel' {{!}} Coconuts|url=https://coconuts.co/bangkok/news/defender-of-the-mekong-retired-thai-teacher-wins-green-nobel/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=Coconuts|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe Roykaew nụrụ maka ọrụ mgbawa Mekong, ọ malitere nhazi megide ya. O jiri  mmekọrịta o nwere na òtù ndị obodo, ndị bi n'ime obodo, òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmenti, na ụlọ mgbasa ozi dọta uche ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ ahụ na ndị gọọmenti.  O nyere ajụjụ ọnụ ma mepụta mgbasa ozi sara mbara, na-ekwusi ike na ụdị ndụ dị iche iche nwere ike ịla n'iyi na ọdịda gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụrụ na ọrụ ahụ agaa n'ihu. O dukwara ngagharị iwe ụgbọ mmiri na Mekong iji mee mkpesa banyere mgbawa ahụ ma zute ndị ọkụ azụ na Thailand na Laos iji mee ka a mara mmetụta nke ọrụ ahụ nwere ike inwe. Ọ gbara ndị obodo ume ka ha bịanye aka n'akwụkwọ mkpesa megide ọrụ ahụ, nke e zigara ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya China na [[Bangkok]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Na mgbakwunye na ịhazi ngagharị iwe na mkpọsa maka nkwado ọha na eze, Roykaew jikwa sayensị ụmụ amaala mee ihe iji dekọọ ụdị ndụ dị iche iche dị n'elu Mekong. Ya na ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị nchọpụta rụkọrọ ọrụ iji chọpụta ụdị azụ 100, gụnyere 16 a hụrụ naanị na ebe mmiri siri ike na-asọ n'osimiri, ma jiri ozi a kwado maka nchebe nke mpaghara ahụ. O kwupụtakwara mmegide ya megide ọrụ ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ Gọọmentị Thailand na kọmitii ndị omeiwu, na-eme ka mmetụta ọjọọ nwere ike inwe na gburugburu ebe obibi na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ pụta ìhè.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Thai Mekong Campaigner Awarded Prominent Environmental Prize|url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/05/thai-mekong-campaigner-awarded-prominent-environmental-prize/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=thediplomat.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ihi mgbalị Roykaew na nkwado nke obodo Mekong, a kwụsịrị ọrụ ịgbawa osimiri Mekong na Febụwarị 2020. Nke a bụ oge mbụ gọọmentị Thailand kagburu ọrụ gafere ókèala n'ihi nchegbu gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=AsiaNews.it|title=&quot;Green Nobel&quot; goes to activist who saved Mekong River rapids|url=https://www.asianews.it/news-en/%E2%80%9CGreen-Nobel%E2%80%9D-goes-to-activist-who-saved-Mekong-River-rapids-55894.html|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=www.asianews.it|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAsiaNews.it&quot;&gt;AsiaNews.it. [https://www.asianews.it/news-en/%E2%80%9CGreen-Nobel%E2%80%9D-goes-to-activist-who-saved-Mekong-River-rapids-55894.html &quot;&quot;Green Nobel&quot; goes to activist who saved Mekong River rapids&quot;]. ''www.asianews.it''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=llevin|date=2020-02-06|title=Victory on the Upper Mekong: Thai Cabinet Terminates Rapids Blasting Project|url=https://www.internationalrivers.org/news/blog-victory-on-the-upper-mekong-thai-cabinet-terminates-rapids-blasting-project/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=International Rivers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkwanye ùgwù ===
Na 2022, e nyere Roykaew ihe nrite Goldman Environmental Prize, nke a na-akpọkarị &quot;Green Nobel&quot;, iji kwado mbọ ọ gbara ichekwa Osimiri Mekong na ikike nke obodo. Ọ bụ onye mbụ si Thailand nwetara ihe nrite ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Tupu nke a, na 2021, a kpọrọ ya dị ka otu n'ime &quot;Ndị dike nke Mekong&quot; site n'aka Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Mekong, otu nzukọ nke na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka a mara banyere Osimiri Mekong na mkpa ọ dị na mpaghara ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=School|first=The Mekong|date=2022-05-27|title=Chiang Khong Conservation Group Director Niwat Roykaew is awarded the 2022 Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://mekongschool.org/en/chiang-khong-conservation-group-director-niwat-roykaew-is-awarded-the-2022-goldman-environmental-prize/|accessdate=2022-12-25|work=The Mekong School|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
      <sha1>anryjbnmeiawbdr17og499dd3xkd4uz</sha1>
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    <title>Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Vivian Amalachukwu</username>
        <id>17172</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357416454|Lake Kachera]]&quot;</comment>
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A makwaara '''Ọdọ mmiri Kachera''' dịka '''Ọdọ mmiri Kachira, Ọdọ mmiri Kachera, Ọdọ mmiri Kakyera''' na '''Ọdọ mmiri Kachra''' bụ ọdọ mmiri dị ọhụrụ nke dị na mpaghara Rakai na mpaghara Mbarara na Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:63&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 January 2021|title=Smelly water threatens livelihoods in lyantonde|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/smelly-water-threatens-livelihoods-in-lyantonde-1512590|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Fred|first=Turyakira|date=4 June 2021|title=Companies asked for support to save river Rwizi|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/agriculture/companies-asked-for-support-to-save-river-rwi-NV_105223|accessdate=21 May 2024|work=New Vision}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:07&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf|title=THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN|publisher=RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT|location=Uganda|pages=6, 8, 14, 15|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenStreetMap&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=OpenStreetMap|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/search|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=OpenStreetMap|language=en|archivedate=7 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307213415/https://www.openstreetmap.org/search}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=27 January 2022|title=Rakai launches campaign for sustainable fishing on Lake Kachera, Kijanebarola|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US|archivedate=22 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522103849/https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachira lake, Western Region, Uganda|url=https://ug.geoview.info/lake_kachira,232904|accessdate=17 June 2024|work=ug.geoview.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ akụkụ nke usoro ala mmiri Mburo-Nakivale nakwa akụkụ nke usoro ọdọ mmiri dị mgbagwoju anya a maara dị ka ọdọ mmiri Koki nke nnukwu apịtị kewara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:45&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dismas|first=Mbabazi|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf|title=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Nature Uganda|location=Uganda|pages=76, 77, 80|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachera|url=https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Inside Lake Mburo National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibwika|first=Daniel|url=http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35204|title=Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use|chapter=Human activities and interests within and around lakes of the Victoria and Kyoga basin and their consequences to sustainable fish production, Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use|date=2000|publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI)|location=Uganda|pages=4, 7|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eric O.|first=Odada|url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf|title=Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities|date=2006|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS)|location=Kenya|pages=79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachera|url=https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html|accessdate=17 June 2024|work=Inside Lake Mburo National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri ndị na-emepụta ọdọ mmiri satịlaịtị Victoria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:53&quot; /&gt;

== Ebe ==
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera dị na mpaghara Mbarara dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Uganda. Lake Kachera is located at coordinates 0.595°S 31.115°E &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenStreetMap&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=OpenStreetMap|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/search|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=OpenStreetMap|language=en|archivedate=7 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307213415/https://www.openstreetmap.org/search}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.openstreetmap.org/search &quot;OpenStreetMap&quot;]. ''OpenStreetMap''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230307213415/https://www.openstreetmap.org/search Archived] from the original on 7 March 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 May&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachera|url=https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Inside Lake Mburo National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html &quot;Lake Kachera&quot;]. ''Inside Lake Mburo National Park''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 May&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachera|url=https://mbararatours.com/attractions/lake-kachera.html|accessdate=17 June 2024|work=Mbarara Tours|language=en-US|archivedate=17 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617142344/https://mbararatours.com/attractions/lake-kachera.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọdọ mmiri Kachera dị n'ebe dị elu nke mita 1,232 (ụkwụ 4,042) karịa ọkwa oké osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt; Ọ dị nso n'Ọdọ Mmiri Mburo National Park.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf|title=THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN|publisher=RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT|location=Uganda|pages=6, 8, 14, 15|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dismas|first=Mbabazi|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf|title=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Nature Uganda|location=Uganda|pages=76, 77, 80|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachera|url=https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html|accessdate=17 June 2024|work=Inside Lake Mburo National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html &quot;Lake Kachera&quot;]. ''Inside Lake Mburo National Park''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera bụ akụkụ nke usoro ọdọ mmiri Koki nke kewapụrụ na Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria site na mmụba nke nnukwu apịtị, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri ndị na-emepụta ọdọ mmiri satịlaịtị Victoria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachera|url=https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Inside Lake Mburo National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html &quot;Lake Kachera&quot;]. ''Inside Lake Mburo National Park''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 May&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibwika|first=Daniel|url=http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35204|title=Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use|chapter=Human activities and interests within and around lakes of the Victoria and Kyoga basin and their consequences to sustainable fish production, Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use|date=2000|publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI)|location=Uganda|pages=4, 7|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibwika2000&quot;&gt;Kibwika, Daniel (2000). &quot;Human activities and interests within and around lakes of the Victoria and Kyoga basin and their consequences to sustainable fish production, Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use&quot;. [http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35204 ''Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use'']. Uganda: National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI). pp.&amp;nbsp;4, 7. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:1834/35204|1834/35204]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dismas|first=Mbabazi|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf|title=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Nature Uganda|location=Uganda|pages=76, 77, 80|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDismas2009&quot;&gt;Dismas, Mbabazi (1 January 2009). [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf ''Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda''] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Uganda: Nature Uganda. pp.&amp;nbsp;76, 77, 80. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522131044/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on 22 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 July&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eric O.|first=Odada|url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf|title=Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities|date=2006|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS)|location=Kenya|pages=79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 January 2021|title=Smelly water threatens livelihoods in lyantonde|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/smelly-water-threatens-livelihoods-in-lyantonde-1512590|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Monitor|language=en|archivedate=22 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522162018/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/smelly-water-threatens-livelihoods-in-lyantonde-1512590}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọdọ Mmiri Koki gụnyere Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera, Ọdọ Mmiri Mburo, Ọdọ Mmiri Kijanebalola na Ọdọ Mmiri Nakivali.&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot; /&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala na nhazi ala ==
Mgbe ihe omume El Niño nke afọ 1997 gasịrị, Ọdọ Mmiri Kacheera furu ọtụtụ mmiri ya n'Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria n'ihi nnukwu mmiri si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Kijjanebarora na-asọpụta, ọkwa ya wee daa site na mita atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibwika|first=Daniel|url=http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35204|title=Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use|chapter=Human activities and interests within and around lakes of the Victoria and Kyoga basin and their consequences to sustainable fish production, Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use|date=2000|publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI)|location=Uganda|pages=4, 7|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibwika2000&quot;&gt;Kibwika, Daniel (2000). &quot;Human activities and interests within and around lakes of the Victoria and Kyoga basin and their consequences to sustainable fish production, Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use&quot;. [http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35204 ''Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use'']. Uganda: National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI). pp.&amp;nbsp;4, 7. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:1834/35204|1834/35204]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera tụfurukwa agwaetiti ya na-ese n'elu mmiri nke bụbu ebe a na-edebe azụ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt; Apịtị, oke ọhịa na oke ọhịa kpuchiri akụkụ osimiri ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Braczkowski|first=Aleksander|date=27 January 2022|title=Leopard and spotted hyena densities in the Lake Mburo National Park, southwestern Uganda|journal=PeerJ|language=en|volume=10|doi=10.7717/peerj.12307|pmid=35127275|issn=2167-8359}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera bụ ọdọ mmiri dị omimi nke nwere nkezi omimi nke mita ise (ụkwụ iri na isii) ma jupụtakwa ala nke square kilomita iri anọ na abụọ (maịlụ iri na isii) na ụsọ oké osimiri nke kilomita iri asatọ na otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:04&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf|title=THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN|publisher=RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT|location=Uganda|pages=6, 8, 14, 15|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogologo ya kacha elu bụ kilomita iri abụọ (maịlụ iri na abụọ) na obosara ya bụ kilomita atọ na ọkara (maịlụ abụọ na ọkara).&lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dismas|first=Mbabazi|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf|title=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Nature Uganda|location=Uganda|pages=76, 77, 80|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Osimiri Ruizi na-asọ site na mpaghara Bushenyi wee gafee ọdọ mmiri Kachera na ọdọ mmiri Kijanebalola tupu ọ banye n'ọdọ mmiri Mburo wee kwụsị na ọdọ mmiri Victoria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibwika|first=Daniel|url=http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35204|title=Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use|chapter=Human activities and interests within and around lakes of the Victoria and Kyoga basin and their consequences to sustainable fish production, Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use|date=2000|publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI)|location=Uganda|pages=4, 7|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKibwika2000&quot;&gt;Kibwika, Daniel (2000). &quot;Human activities and interests within and around lakes of the Victoria and Kyoga basin and their consequences to sustainable fish production, Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use&quot;. [http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35204 ''Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use'']. Uganda: National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI). pp.&amp;nbsp;4, 7. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:1834/35204|1834/35204]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Habari|date=5 January 2023|title=Attractions in Mbarara {{!}} Mbarara City Tour {{!}} Uganda Safaris Tours|url=https://www.habariugandatours.com/attractions-in-mbarara/|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=www.habariugandatours.com|language=en-US|archivedate=22 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522131044/https://www.habariugandatours.com/attractions-in-mbarara/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-asọba mmiri ya n'ime ọdọ mmiri Victoria site na Osimiri Kagera nke bụ naanị osimiri na-asọpụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dismas|first=Mbabazi|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf|title=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Nature Uganda|location=Uganda|pages=76, 77, 80|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDismas2009&quot;&gt;Dismas, Mbabazi (1 January 2009). [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf ''Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda''] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Uganda: Nature Uganda. pp.&amp;nbsp;76, 77, 80. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522131044/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on 22 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 July&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Osimiri Rwizi na-awụsakwa mmiri ya n'ime ọdọ mmiri Victoria site na ọdọ mmiri Kachera nke bụ usoro mmiri mmiri maka ọdọ mmiri Victoria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 September 2021|title=River Rwizi on the verge of drying up|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/letters/river-rwizi-on-the-verge-of-drying-up-3547386|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 July 2020|title=Conservationists walk 330 kilometres to save River Rwizi|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/conservationists-walk-330-kilometres-to-save-river-rwizi-1879882|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Monitor|language=en|archivedate=22 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522162023/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/conservationists-walk-330-kilometres-to-save-river-rwizi-1879882}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mbarara: A city choking on plastic waste|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_160763|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=New Vision|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi ==
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere ụdị nnụnụ dị iche iche, azụ̀, osisi na anụmanụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachera|url=https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Inside Lake Mburo National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html &quot;Lake Kachera&quot;]. ''Inside Lake Mburo National Park''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 May&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf|title=THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN|publisher=RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT|location=Uganda|pages=6, 8, 14, 15|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụdị azụ̀ dị iche iche ===
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere ụdị azụ dị iche iche, gụnyere; Naịl tilapia, ''Oreochromis esculentus'', (a maara n'ógbè a dị ka engege), na ''Astatoreochromis'', ''Astatotilapia'', ''Clarias'', ''[[Haragachromis]]'', na ụdị Protopterus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachera|url=https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Inside Lake Mburo National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html &quot;Lake Kachera&quot;]. ''Inside Lake Mburo National Park''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 May&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=27 January 2022|title=Rakai launches campaign for sustainable fishing on Lake Kachera, Kijanebarola|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US|archivedate=22 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522103849/https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/ &quot;Rakai launches campaign for sustainable fishing on Lake Kachera, Kijanebarola&quot;]. ''The Independent Uganda''. 27 January 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522103849/https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/ Archived] from the original on 22 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 May&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf|title=THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN|publisher=RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT|location=Uganda|pages=6, 8, 14, 15|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf ''THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN''] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Uganda: RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT. pp.&amp;nbsp;6, 8, 14, 15. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231109045109/http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on 9 November 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 July&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dismas|first=Mbabazi|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf|title=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Nature Uganda|location=Uganda|pages=76, 77, 80|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachera|url=https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html|accessdate=17 June 2024|work=Inside Lake Mburo National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html &quot;Lake Kachera&quot;]. ''Inside Lake Mburo National Park''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere azụ̀ ndị na-abụghị nke cichlid nke obodo ahụ, gụnyere; ''Clarias gariepinus'', ''[[Clarias liocephalus]]'', na ''Protopterus aethiopicus''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eric O.|first=Odada|url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf|title=Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities|date=2006|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS)|location=Kenya|pages=79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụdị osisi ===
Osisi dị n'akụkụ osimiri nke ọdọ mmiri Kachera nwere ''Cyperus papyrus'', ''Cyperus esculentus'', ''Phragmites mauritianus'', ụfọdụ ọhịa, na ubi unere.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dismas|first=Mbabazi|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf|title=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Nature Uganda|location=Uganda|pages=76, 77, 80|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDismas2009&quot;&gt;Dismas, Mbabazi (1 January 2009). [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf ''Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda''] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Uganda: Nature Uganda. pp.&amp;nbsp;76, 77, 80. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522131044/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on 22 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 July&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 January 2021|title=Smelly water threatens livelihoods in lyantonde|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/smelly-water-threatens-livelihoods-in-lyantonde-1512590|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Monitor|language=en|archivedate=22 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522162018/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/smelly-water-threatens-livelihoods-in-lyantonde-1512590}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/smelly-water-threatens-livelihoods-in-lyantonde-1512590 &quot;Smelly water threatens livelihoods in lyantonde&quot;]. ''Monitor''. 5 January 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522162018/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/smelly-water-threatens-livelihoods-in-lyantonde-1512590 Archived] from the original on 22 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 May&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ụdị algae ====
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere ngụkọta nke taxa 47 gụnyere; Cyanophyta (17), Chlorophyta (19), Bacillariophyta (5), Euglenophyta (3), Pyrrophyta (1), Chrysophyta (1), na Cryptophyta (1).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eric O.|first=Odada|url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf|title=Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities|date=2006|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS)|location=Kenya|pages=79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEric_O.Daniel_O.Washington_O.2006&quot;&gt;Eric O., Odada; Daniel O., Olago; Washington O., Ochola (2006). [https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf ''Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities''] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS). pp.&amp;nbsp;79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522131044/https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on 22 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 July&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche ===

==== Zooplankton ====
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere taxa zooplankton iri abụọ na abụọ. E nwere ndị nnọchiteanya nke Diplostraca; ''[[Ceriodaphnia cornuta]]'', ''[[Moina micrura]]'', ''[[Eucyclops]]'', ''Mesocyclops'', ''Toronaeus incisus'', na ''[[Toronaeus neglectus]]'', ya naRotifera, nke gụnyere; ''Asplanchna'', ''[[Brachionus angularis]]'', ''[[Brachionus bidentatus]]'', ''[[Brachionus budapestinensis]]'', ''[[Brachionus quadridentatus]]'', ''Brachionus calyciflorus'', ''[[Brachionus falcatus]]'', ''[[Brachionus patulus]]'', ''[[Filinia longiseta]]'', ''[[Filinia opoliensis]]'', ''Hexarthra'', ''[[Keratella tropica]]'', ''[[Lecane bulla]]'', ''[[Polyarthra vulgaris]]'', ''[[Synchaeta pectinata]]'', na ''[[Trichocerca cylindrica]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eric O.|first=Odada|url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf|title=Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities|date=2006|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS)|location=Kenya|pages=79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEric_O.Daniel_O.Washington_O.2006&quot;&gt;Eric O., Odada; Daniel O., Olago; Washington O., Ochola (2006). [https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf ''Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities''] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS). pp.&amp;nbsp;79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522131044/https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on 22 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 July&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ndị Amphibians ====
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere ụdị amphibians asatọ dị n'ime mmiri nke gụnyere; ''Bufo gutturalis'' (guttural toad), ''Hyperolius acuticeps'' (sharp-nosed reed frog), ''Hyperolius kivuensis kivuensis'' (Kivu reed frog), ''Hyperolius viridiflavus bayoni'', na ''Hyperolius viridiflavus viridiflavus'' (common reed frog), ''Phrynobatrachus natalensis'' (Natal dwarf puddle frog), ''Ptychadena mascareniensis'' (Mascarene grassland frog), ''Ptychadena oxyrhynchus'' (Kaffirland grassland frog), ''[[Ptychadena porissisima]]'' (Ethiopia grassland frog), na ''Xenopus victorianus'' (Lake Victoria clawed frog).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eric O.|first=Odada|url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf|title=Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities|date=2006|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS)|location=Kenya|pages=79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEric_O.Daniel_O.Washington_O.2006&quot;&gt;Eric O., Odada; Daniel O., Olago; Washington O., Ochola (2006). [https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf ''Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities''] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS). pp.&amp;nbsp;79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522131044/https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on 22 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 July&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Anụ na-akpụ akpụ ====
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere ụdị anụ 7 nke na-akpụ akpụ, gụnyere; ''Agama atricollis'' (common tree agama), ''Cocodylus niloticus'' (Nile crocodile), ''[[Mabuya maculilabris]]'' (speckle-lipped skink), ''Mabuya striata'' (common striped skink), ''Naja melanoleuca'' (water cobra), ''Python sebae'' (rock python), na ''Varanus niloticus'' (Nile monitor).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eric O.|first=Odada|url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf|title=Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities|date=2006|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS)|location=Kenya|pages=79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEric_O.Daniel_O.Washington_O.2006&quot;&gt;Eric O., Odada; Daniel O., Olago; Washington O., Ochola (2006). [https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf ''Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities''] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS). pp.&amp;nbsp;79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522131044/https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on 22 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 July&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Anụmanụ ====
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere ụdị anụmanụ ise dị iche iche nke gụnyere; ''Atilax paludinosus'' (marsh mongoose), ''Hippopotamus amphibius'' (hippopotamus), ''Lophuromys sikapusi'' (common brush-furred bat), ''Lutra maculicollis'' (spot-necked otter), na ''Praomys jacksoni'' (Jackson's soft-furred rat).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eric O.|first=Odada|url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf|title=Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities|date=2006|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS)|location=Kenya|pages=79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEric_O.Daniel_O.Washington_O.2006&quot;&gt;Eric O., Odada; Daniel O., Olago; Washington O., Ochola (2006). [https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf ''Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities''] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS). pp.&amp;nbsp;79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522131044/https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on 22 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 July&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ akụ na ụba na nke mmadụ ==
Ịkụ azụ, nhazi azụ, njem nlegharị anya, ọrụ ugbo, ilekọta anụ ụlọ, ọrụ ugbo agwakọtara agwakọta bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ akụ na ụba a na-eme gburugburu Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=27 January 2022|title=Rakai launches campaign for sustainable fishing on Lake Kachera, Kijanebarola|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US|archivedate=22 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522103849/https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/ &quot;Rakai launches campaign for sustainable fishing on Lake Kachera, Kijanebarola&quot;]. ''The Independent Uganda''. 27 January 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522103849/https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/ Archived] from the original on 22 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 May&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:06&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf|title=THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN|publisher=RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT|location=Uganda|pages=6, 8, 14, 15|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:44&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dismas|first=Mbabazi|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf|title=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Nature Uganda|location=Uganda|pages=76, 77, 80|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=HULME|first=D.|url=https://hummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/gdi/publications/workingpapers/archive/cc/cc_wp03.pdf|title=COMMUNITY CONSERVATION IN PRACTICE: A CASE STUDY OF LAKE MBURO NATIONAL PARK|date=1998|publisher=Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester|isbn=1-900728915|location=Crawford House, Precinct Centre, Oxford Road, MANCHESTER M13 9GH|pages=14, 30, 36|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchekwa ==
Ndị ọchịchị mpaghara Rakai na-eme mkpọsa maka ịkụ azụ na-adịgide adịgide site n'inye ndị ọkụ azụ ntuziaka na ime iwu na ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ dịka igbochi ịkụ azụ n'ebe ụfọdụ ebe ọdịda, ijide ndị na-etinye aka n'ọrụ ịkụ azụ̀ iwu na-akwadoghị site na ndị nche mmiri na ala na-arụkọkwa ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị Uganda na òtù obodo ịkụ azụ (BMU).&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=27 January 2022|title=Rakai launches campaign for sustainable fishing on Lake Kachera, Kijanebarola|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US|archivedate=22 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522103849/https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/ &quot;Rakai launches campaign for sustainable fishing on Lake Kachera, Kijanebarola&quot;]. ''The Independent Uganda''. 27 January 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240522103849/https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/ Archived] from the original on 22 May 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 May&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:05&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf|title=THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN|publisher=RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT|location=Uganda|pages=6, 8, 14, 15|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2010/ug-government-gazette-dated-2010-09-03-no-53.pdf|title=The Uganda Gazette|publisher=Uganda Printing and Publishing Corporation (UPPC)|year=2010|series=53|location=Uganda|pages=195, 196, 214|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://budget.finance.go.ug/sites/default/files/Indivisual%20LG%20Budgets/LG%20%20Annual%20Workplan_201314_Rakai.pdf|title=Local government Workplan for 2013/14, Vote: 549 Rakai District|date=|publisher=Ministry of Finance, Government of Uganda|year=|location=Uganda|pages=45, 46, 100|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na 2017 ruo 2020, National Environment Management Authority of Uganda (NEMA) weghachiri hekta 200 nke gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Kachera mebiri emebi na mpaghara Kiruhura site na mpaghara nchekwa, ịkụ osisi na iwepụ ihe owuwu iwu na-akwadoghị na mpaghara nchekwa, yana ịkpalite obodo na njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.nema.go.ug/sites/default/files/NEMA%20Annual%20Report%20FY%202018-19_0.pdf|title=ANNUALCORPORATE REPORT FOR 2018/19|date=2019|publisher=National Environment Management Authority (NEMA)|location=Uganda|pages=17, 18, 44|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.mwe.go.ug/sites/default/files/library/SPR%20FINAL%20BOOK%202019.pdf|title=Water and Environment Sector Performance Report 2019|publisher=Ministry of Water and Environment, Government of Uganda|year=2019|location=Uganda|pages=122, 152, 153|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.globalwaters.org/sites/default/files/spr-20-final-combined.pdf|title=Water and Environment Sector Performance Report 2020|publisher=Ministry of Water and Environment, Government of Uganda|year=2020|location=Uganda|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* Lake Kyoga
* Lake Kijanebalola
* Lake Nakivali

== Edensibia ==
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A makwaara '''Ọdọ mmiri Kachera''' dịka '''Ọdọ mmiri Kachira, Ọdọ mmiri Kachera, Ọdọ mmiri Kakyera''' na '''Ọdọ mmiri Kachra''' bụ ọdọ mmiri dị ọhụrụ nke dị na mpaghara Rakai na mpaghara Mbarara na Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:63&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 January 2021|title=Smelly water threatens livelihoods in lyantonde|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/smelly-water-threatens-livelihoods-in-lyantonde-1512590|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Fred|first=Turyakira|date=4 June 2021|title=Companies asked for support to save river Rwizi|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/agriculture/companies-asked-for-support-to-save-river-rwi-NV_105223|accessdate=21 May 2024|work=New Vision}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:07&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf|title=THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN|publisher=RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT|location=Uganda|pages=6, 8, 14, 15|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenStreetMap&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=OpenStreetMap|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/search|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=OpenStreetMap|language=en|archivedate=7 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307213415/https://www.openstreetmap.org/search}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=27 January 2022|title=Rakai launches campaign for sustainable fishing on Lake Kachera, Kijanebarola|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US|archivedate=22 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522103849/https://www.independent.co.ug/rakai-launches-campaign-for-sustainable-fishing-on-lake-kachera-kijanebarola/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachira lake, Western Region, Uganda|url=https://ug.geoview.info/lake_kachira,232904|accessdate=17 June 2024|work=ug.geoview.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ akụkụ nke usoro ala mmiri Mburo-Nakivale nakwa akụkụ nke usoro ọdọ mmiri dị mgbagwoju anya a maara dị ka ọdọ mmiri Koki nke nnukwu apịtị kewara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:45&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dismas|first=Mbabazi|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf|title=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Nature Uganda|location=Uganda|pages=76, 77, 80|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachera|url=https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Inside Lake Mburo National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kibwika|first=Daniel|url=http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35204|title=Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use|chapter=Human activities and interests within and around lakes of the Victoria and Kyoga basin and their consequences to sustainable fish production, Biodiversity of Lake Victoria: Its conservation and sustainable use|date=2000|publisher=National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI)|location=Uganda|pages=4, 7|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:53&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eric O.|first=Odada|url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf|title=Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities|date=2006|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS)|location=Kenya|pages=79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachera|url=https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-kachera-lake-mburo.html|accessdate=17 June 2024|work=Inside Lake Mburo National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri ndị na-emepụta ọdọ mmiri satịlaịtị Victoria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:53&quot; /&gt;

== Ebe ==
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera dị na mpaghara Mbarara dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Uganda. Lake Kachera is located at coordinates 0.595°S 31.115°E &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;OpenStreetMap&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Kachera|url=https://mbararatours.com/attractions/lake-kachera.html|accessdate=17 June 2024|work=Mbarara Tours|language=en-US|archivedate=17 June 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617142344/https://mbararatours.com/attractions/lake-kachera.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọdọ mmiri Kachera dị n'ebe dị elu nke mita 1,232 (ụkwụ 4,042) karịa ọkwa oké osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt; Ọ dị nso n'Ọdọ Mmiri Mburo National Park.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf|title=THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN|publisher=RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT|location=Uganda|pages=6, 8, 14, 15|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dismas|first=Mbabazi|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf|title=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Nature Uganda|location=Uganda|pages=76, 77, 80|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera bụ akụkụ nke usoro ọdọ mmiri Koki nke kewapụrụ na Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria site na mmụba nke nnukwu apịtị, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri ndị na-emepụta ọdọ mmiri satịlaịtị Victoria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eric O.|first=Odada|url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf|title=Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities|date=2006|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS)|location=Kenya|pages=79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 January 2021|title=Smelly water threatens livelihoods in lyantonde|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/smelly-water-threatens-livelihoods-in-lyantonde-1512590|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Monitor|language=en|archivedate=22 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522162018/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/smelly-water-threatens-livelihoods-in-lyantonde-1512590}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọdọ Mmiri Koki gụnyere Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera, Ọdọ Mmiri Mburo, Ọdọ Mmiri Kijanebalola na Ọdọ Mmiri Nakivali.&lt;ref name=&quot;:52&quot; /&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala na nhazi ala ==
Mgbe ihe omume El Niño nke afọ 1997 gasịrị, Ọdọ Mmiri Kacheera furu ọtụtụ mmiri ya n'Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria n'ihi nnukwu mmiri si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Kijjanebarora na-asọpụta, ọkwa ya wee daa site na mita atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt; Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera tụfurukwa agwaetiti ya na-ese n'elu mmiri nke bụbu ebe a na-edebe azụ̀.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt; Apịtị, oke ọhịa na oke ọhịa kpuchiri akụkụ osimiri ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Braczkowski|first=Aleksander|date=27 January 2022|title=Leopard and spotted hyena densities in the Lake Mburo National Park, southwestern Uganda|journal=PeerJ|language=en|volume=10|doi=10.7717/peerj.12307|pmid=35127275|issn=2167-8359}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera bụ ọdọ mmiri dị omimi nke nwere nkezi omimi nke mita ise (ụkwụ iri na isii) ma jupụtakwa ala nke square kilomita iri anọ na abụọ (maịlụ iri na isii) na ụsọ oké osimiri nke kilomita iri asatọ na otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:04&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf|title=THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN|publisher=RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT|location=Uganda|pages=6, 8, 14, 15|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogologo ya kacha elu bụ kilomita iri abụọ (maịlụ iri na abụọ) na obosara ya bụ kilomita atọ na ọkara (maịlụ abụọ na ọkara).&lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dismas|first=Mbabazi|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf|title=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Nature Uganda|location=Uganda|pages=76, 77, 80|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Osimiri Ruizi na-asọ site na mpaghara Bushenyi wee gafee ọdọ mmiri Kachera na ọdọ mmiri Kijanebalola tupu ọ banye n'ọdọ mmiri Mburo wee kwụsị na ọdọ mmiri Victoria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Habari|date=5 January 2023|title=Attractions in Mbarara {{!}} Mbarara City Tour {{!}} Uganda Safaris Tours|url=https://www.habariugandatours.com/attractions-in-mbarara/|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=www.habariugandatours.com|language=en-US|archivedate=22 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522131044/https://www.habariugandatours.com/attractions-in-mbarara/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-asọba mmiri ya n'ime ọdọ mmiri Victoria site na Osimiri Kagera nke bụ naanị osimiri na-asọpụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot; /&gt; {{Cite bo

Osimiri Rwizi na-awụsakwa mmiri ya n'ime ọdọ mmiri Victoria site na ọdọ mmiri Kachera nke bụ usoro mmiri mmiri maka ọdọ mmiri Victoria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 September 2021|title=River Rwizi on the verge of drying up|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/letters/river-rwizi-on-the-verge-of-drying-up-3547386|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 July 2020|title=Conservationists walk 330 kilometres to save River Rwizi|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/conservationists-walk-330-kilometres-to-save-river-rwizi-1879882|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=Monitor|language=en|archivedate=22 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522162023/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/conservationists-walk-330-kilometres-to-save-river-rwizi-1879882}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mbarara: A city choking on plastic waste|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_160763|accessdate=22 May 2024|work=New Vision|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi ==
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere ụdị nnụnụ dị iche iche, azụ̀, osisi na anụmanụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf|title=THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN|publisher=RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT|location=Uganda|pages=6, 8, 14, 15|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụdị azụ̀ dị iche iche ===
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere ụdị azụ dị iche iche, gụnyere; Naịl tilapia, ''Oreochromis esculentus'', (a maara n'ógbè a dị ka engege), na ''Astatoreochromis'', ''Astatotilapia'', ''Clarias'', ''[[Haragachromis]]'', na ụdị Protopterus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dismas|first=Mbabazi|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf|title=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Nature Uganda|location=Uganda|pages=76, 77, 80|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere azụ̀ ndị na-abụghị nke cichlid nke obodo ahụ, gụnyere; ''Clarias gariepinus'', ''[[Clarias liocephalus]]'', na ''Protopterus aethiopicus''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eric O.|first=Odada|url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/7987/environment_development.pdf|title=Environment for Development: An Ecosystems Assessment of Lake Victoria Basin Environmental and Socio-economic Status, Trends and Human Vulnerabilities|date=2006|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Pan African START Secretariat (PASS)|location=Kenya|pages=79, 83, 93, 98, 102, 104, 109, 110, 111|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụdị osisi ===
Osisi dị n'akụkụ osimiri nke ọdọ mmiri Kachera nwere ''Cyperus papyrus'', ''Cyperus esculentus'', ''Phragmites mauritianus'', ụfọdụ ọhịa, na ubi unere.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot; /&gt;

==== Ụdị algae ====
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere ngụkọta nke taxa 47 gụnyere; Cyanophyta (17), Chlorophyta (19), Bacillariophyta (5), Euglenophyta (3), Pyrrophyta (1), Chrysophyta (1), na Cryptophyta (1).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

=== Ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche ===

==== Zooplankton ====
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere taxa zooplankton iri abụọ na abụọ. E nwere ndị nnọchiteanya nke Diplostraca; ''[[Ceriodaphnia cornuta]]'', ''[[Moina micrura]]'', ''[[Eucyclops]]'', ''Mesocyclops'', ''Toronaeus incisus'', na ''[[Toronaeus neglectus]]'', ya naRotifera, nke gụnyere; ''Asplanchna'', ''[[Brachionus angularis]]'', ''[[Brachionus bidentatus]]'', ''[[Brachionus budapestinensis]]'', ''[[Brachionus quadridentatus]]'', ''Brachionus calyciflorus'', ''[[Brachionus falcatus]]'', ''[[Brachionus patulus]]'', ''[[Filinia longiseta]]'', ''[[Filinia opoliensis]]'', ''Hexarthra'', ''[[Keratella tropica]]'', ''[[Lecane bulla]]'', ''[[Polyarthra vulgaris]]'', ''[[Synchaeta pectinata]]'', na ''[[Trichocerca cylindrica]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

==== Ndị Amphibians ====
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere ụdị amphibians asatọ dị n'ime mmiri nke gụnyere; ''Bufo gutturalis'' (guttural toad), ''Hyperolius acuticeps'' (sharp-nosed reed frog), ''Hyperolius kivuensis kivuensis'' (Kivu reed frog), ''Hyperolius viridiflavus bayoni'', na ''Hyperolius viridiflavus viridiflavus'' (common reed frog), ''Phrynobatrachus natalensis'' (Natal dwarf puddle frog), ''Ptychadena mascareniensis'' (Mascarene grassland frog), ''Ptychadena oxyrhynchus'' (Kaffirland grassland frog), ''[[Ptychadena porissisima]]'' (Ethiopia grassland frog), na ''Xenopus victorianus'' (Lake Victoria clawed frog).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

==== Anụ na-akpụ akpụ ====
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere ụdị anụ 7 nke na-akpụ akpụ, gụnyere; ''Agama atricollis'' (common tree agama), ''Cocodylus niloticus'' (Nile crocodile), ''[[Mabuya maculilabris]]'' (speckle-lipped skink), ''Mabuya striata'' (common striped skink), ''Naja melanoleuca'' (water cobra), ''Python sebae'' (rock python), na ''Varanus niloticus'' (Nile monitor).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

==== Anụmanụ ====
Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera nwere ụdị anụmanụ ise dị iche iche nke gụnyere; ''Atilax paludinosus'' (marsh mongoose), ''Hippopotamus amphibius'' (hippopotamus), ''Lophuromys sikapusi'' (common brush-furred bat), ''Lutra maculicollis'' (spot-necked otter), na ''Praomys jacksoni'' (Jackson's soft-furred rat).&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ akụ na ụba na nke mmadụ ==
Ịkụ azụ, nhazi azụ, njem nlegharị anya, ọrụ ugbo, ilekọta anụ ụlọ, ọrụ ugbo agwakọtara agwakọta bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ akụ na ụba a na-eme gburugburu Ọdọ Mmiri Kachera.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:06&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf|title=THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN|publisher=RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT|location=Uganda|pages=6, 8, 14, 15|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:44&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dismas|first=Mbabazi|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78049050.pdf|title=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Nature Uganda|location=Uganda|pages=76, 77, 80|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=HULME|first=D.|url=https://hummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/gdi/publications/workingpapers/archive/cc/cc_wp03.pdf|title=COMMUNITY CONSERVATION IN PRACTICE: A CASE STUDY OF LAKE MBURO NATIONAL PARK|date=1998|publisher=Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester|isbn=1-900728915|location=Crawford House, Precinct Centre, Oxford Road, MANCHESTER M13 9GH|pages=14, 30, 36|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchekwa ==
Ndị ọchịchị mpaghara Rakai na-eme mkpọsa maka ịkụ azụ na-adịgide adịgide site n'inye ndị ọkụ azụ ntuziaka na ime iwu na ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ dịka igbochi ịkụ azụ n'ebe ụfọdụ ebe ọdịda, ijide ndị na-etinye aka n'ọrụ ịkụ azụ̀ iwu na-akwadoghị site na ndị nche mmiri na ala na-arụkọkwa ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị Uganda na òtù obodo ịkụ azụ (BMU).&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:05&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.umb.no/statisk/e-bok/document/Rakai_development_plan.pdf|title=THREE YEAR PRODUCTION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PLAN|publisher=RAKAI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT|location=Uganda|pages=6, 8, 14, 15|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/ug/2010/ug-government-gazette-dated-2010-09-03-no-53.pdf|title=The Uganda Gazette|publisher=Uganda Printing and Publishing Corporation (UPPC)|year=2010|series=53|location=Uganda|pages=195, 196, 214|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://budget.finance.go.ug/sites/default/files/Indivisual%20LG%20Budgets/LG%20%20Annual%20Workplan_201314_Rakai.pdf|title=Local government Workplan for 2013/14, Vote: 549 Rakai District|date=|publisher=Ministry of Finance, Government of Uganda|year=|location=Uganda|pages=45, 46, 100|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na 2017 ruo 2020, National Environment Management Authority of Uganda (NEMA) weghachiri hekta 200 nke gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Kachera mebiri emebi na mpaghara Kiruhura site na mpaghara nchekwa, ịkụ osisi na iwepụ ihe owuwu iwu na-akwadoghị na mpaghara nchekwa, yana ịkpalite obodo na njikwa gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.nema.go.ug/sites/default/files/NEMA%20Annual%20Report%20FY%202018-19_0.pdf|title=ANNUALCORPORATE REPORT FOR 2018/19|date=2019|publisher=National Environment Management Authority (NEMA)|location=Uganda|pages=17, 18, 44|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.mwe.go.ug/sites/default/files/library/SPR%20FINAL%20BOOK%202019.pdf|title=Water and Environment Sector Performance Report 2019|publisher=Ministry of Water and Environment, Government of Uganda|year=2019|location=Uganda|pages=122, 152, 153|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.globalwaters.org/sites/default/files/spr-20-final-combined.pdf|title=Water and Environment Sector Performance Report 2020|publisher=Ministry of Water and Environment, Government of Uganda|year=2020|location=Uganda|language=en|accessdate=10 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* Lake Kyoga
* Lake Kijanebalola
* Lake Nakivali

== Edensibia ==
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    <title>Nchịkwa na nchekwa nke ala mmiri na Uganda</title>
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        <username>Vivian Amalachukwu</username>
        <id>17172</id>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353863385|Management and conservation of wetlands in Uganda]]&quot;</comment>
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Ala mmiri dị na Uganda bụ ihe ndị sitere n'okike dị oke ọnụ ahịa nke na-ekpuchi square kilomita 30,105 (11,624 sq mi) nke mkpokọta ala Uganda nke dị square kilomita 241,500 (93,200 sq mi) nke ruru 13% nke mkpokọta ala ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Willbroad|first=Byamukama|date=2019-05-18|title=Sustainable Management and Conservation of Wetland Resources in Uganda: A Review|url=https://www.ommegaonline.org/article-details/article/2479|journal=Journal of Environment and Health Science|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=47–51|issn=2378-6841}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Uganda, a na-eji ala mmiri eme ihe n'obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu maka ihe owuwu, ọrụ ugbo, njem nlegharị anya, ọrụ aka, arịa ụlọ, ịkụ azụ, na ebe obibi mmadụ na mwepụta nke ihe bara uru, mkpụrụ osisi ọhịa na ebe ịchụ nta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ka Gọọmentị National Resistance Movement weghaara ọchịchị na 1986, e nwere nnukwu nsogbu n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụnụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, gburugburu ebe obibi na njikwa ala mmiri na-adịghị mma. N'ime mbọ ọ na-agba iji weghachi uche mmadụ, gọọmentị mere ihe dị oke mkpa n'ime ọnwa asatọ mbụ ha iji weghachi ma gbochie mbibi nke ala mmiri. Site na ntuziaka nchịkwa nke e nyere na Septemba 1986, gọọmentị malitere iweghachi akụrụngwa mmiri site n'itinye iwu machibidoro nnukwu atụmatụ mmiri ozuzo ruo mgbe e tinyere iwu sayensị kwadoro ma kwekọọ na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=James|first=D.|date=1976|title=Airframe Material Requirements|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/74526|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences|volume=282|issue=1307|pages=83–89|doi=10.1098/rsta.1976.0104|issn=0080-4614}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ego ala mmiri ==
A na-enweta ego maka mweghachi ala mmiri dị na Uganda site n'aka Ụlọ Ọrụ Gburugburu Ebe Obibi Ụwa n'okpuru ọrụ ọhụrụ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe, nke na-amata mkpa ala mmiri dị n'ichebe obodo dị iche iche site na mgbanwe ihu igwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uganda|url=https://nature-stewardship.org/where-we-work/uganda/|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=NatuReS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=m.t.eiblmeier|date=2022-10-18|title=Launch of partnership wetland conservation activities in Uganda|url=https://nature-stewardship.org/countries/launch-of-wetland-conservation-activities-under-the-commercial-flower-farms-integrated-catchment-management-partnership-in-uganda/|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=NatuReS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ego a na-enye ohere ka ụdị ndụ ndị ọzọ na-eguzogide ihu igwe belata nrụgide na okike na ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ. Ọrụ a ga-ewe afọ ise, nke ga-efu ihe karịrị nde dọla US$4.3, nke Ministri nke Mmiri na Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Uganda ga-arụ, site na nkwado nke [[Ihe Omume Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN Environment Programme]] (UNEP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ugandan wetlands protect communities from climate change, says government {{!}} Global Adaptation Network (GAN)|url=https://www.unep.org/gan/news/press-release/ugandan-wetlands-protect-communities-climate-change-says-government|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=www.unep.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Usoro iwu ==
Ndị omeiwu nke Uganda enyefela usoro iwu nke na-amanye gọọmentị ijide ntụkwasị obi nye ndị mmadụ ma chebe ha, ọdọ mmiri ndị sitere n'okike, osimiri, ala mmiri, ebe nchekwa ọhịa, ebe nchekwa anụ ọhịa, ogige ntụrụndụ mba na ala ọ bụla a ga-echekwa maka ebumnuche gburugburu ebe obibi na njem nlegharị anya maka ọdịmma nke ụmụ amaala niile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The protection of wetlands in Uganda: too little too late|url=https://www.ensafrica.com/news/detail/3284/the-protection-of-wetlands-in-uganda-too-litt|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=www.ensafrica.com|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị a gụnyere Iwu Ala (Mkpụrụokwu 227) nke machibidoro gọọmentị ịgbazite ma ọ bụ ịpụpụ ala mmiri. Usoro iwu ọzọ nke na-echebe gburugburu ebe obibi bụ Iwu Gburugburu Ebe Obibi Mba nke afọ 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;mondaq.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Protection Of Wetlands In Uganda: Too Little Too Late - Climate Change - Uganda|url=https://www.mondaq.com/climate-change/981290/the-protection-of-wetlands-in-uganda-too-little-too-late|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=www.mondaq.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchekwa ==
Gọọmentị Uganda amalitela ime atụmatụ maka nchekwa na mkpọsa iji chekwaa ala mmiri dị n'ofe obodo ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;mondaq.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Protection Of Wetlands In Uganda: Too Little Too Late - Climate Change - Uganda|url=https://www.mondaq.com/climate-change/981290/the-protection-of-wetlands-in-uganda-too-little-too-late|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=www.mondaq.com}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.mondaq.com/climate-change/981290/the-protection-of-wetlands-in-uganda-too-little-too-late &quot;The Protection Of Wetlands In Uganda: Too Little Too Late - Climate Change - Uganda&quot;]. ''www.mondaq.com''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2023-06-28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Òtù na Ndị Mmekọ n'okpuru Mmekọrịta Njikwa Oke Mkpọchi Azụmahịa Flowere Farms zukọrọ ọnụ ịlụso mbibi ala mmiri gburugburu Greater Kampala ọgụ kemgbe 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-15|title=Uganda wants people to leave flooded wetlands - and not come back {{!}} PreventionWeb|url=https://www.preventionweb.net/news/uganda-wants-people-leave-flooded-wetlands-and-not-come-back|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=www.preventionweb.net|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sustainable Management and Conservation of Wetland Resources in Uganda: A Review|url=https://www.kab.ac.ug/publication/sustainable-management-and-conservation-of-wetland-resources-in-uganda-a-review/|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=Kabale University|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ịma aka ==
Nchekwa ala mmiri na Uganda echewo ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ihu, ha gụnyere mmụba nke ndị mmadụ na-etinye aka na mmiri mmiri maka ebe obibi, ọrụ ugbo na maka akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-29|title=Lubigi wetland evictions leave taxi operators, passengers stranded|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/lubigi-wetland-evictions-leave-taxi-operators-passengers-stranded/|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ emere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya nke UBOS mere na 2014, ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ na-eto na ọnụego 3.2% kwa afọ ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gbadaa okpukpu atọ site na nde 12.6 na 1980 ruo nde 34.8 na 2014. Nke a egbochila mbọ gọọmentị na-agba n'ichebe akụrụngwa ala mmiri, ndị mmanye iwu na ịchụpụ ndị mmadụ bụ ụzọ ọzọ gọọmentị si eme ihe kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-12|title=Govt asked to evict investors from wetlands|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-asked-to-evict-investors-from-wetlands-3912268|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* National Forestry Authority
* Health in Uganda

== Edensibia ==
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Ala mmiri dị na Uganda bụ ihe ndị sitere n'okike dị oke ọnụ ahịa nke na-ekpuchi square kilomita 30,105 (11,624 sq mi) nke mkpokọta ala Uganda nke dị square kilomita 241,500 (93,200 sq mi) nke ruru 13% nke mkpokọta ala ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Willbroad|first=Byamukama|date=2019-05-18|title=Sustainable Management and Conservation of Wetland Resources in Uganda: A Review|url=https://www.ommegaonline.org/article-details/article/2479|journal=Journal of Environment and Health Science|language=en|volume=5|issue=1|pages=47–51|issn=2378-6841}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Uganda, a na-eji ala mmiri eme ihe n'obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu maka ihe owuwu, ọrụ ugbo, njem nlegharị anya, ọrụ aka, arịa ụlọ, ịkụ azụ, na ebe obibi mmadụ na mwepụta nke ihe bara uru, mkpụrụ osisi ọhịa na ebe ịchụ nta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ka Gọọmentị National Resistance Movement weghaara ọchịchị na 1986, e nwere nnukwu nsogbu n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụnụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, gburugburu ebe obibi na njikwa ala mmiri na-adịghị mma. N'ime mbọ ọ na-agba iji weghachi uche mmadụ, gọọmentị mere ihe dị oke mkpa n'ime ọnwa asatọ mbụ ha iji weghachi ma gbochie mbibi nke ala mmiri. Site na ntuziaka nchịkwa nke e nyere na Septemba 1986, gọọmentị malitere iweghachi akụrụngwa mmiri site n'itinye iwu machibidoro nnukwu atụmatụ mmiri ozuzo ruo mgbe e tinyere iwu sayensị kwadoro ma kwekọọ na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=James|first=D.|date=1976|title=Airframe Material Requirements|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/74526|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences|volume=282|issue=1307|pages=83–89|doi=10.1098/rsta.1976.0104|issn=0080-4614}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ego ala mmiri ==
A na-enweta ego maka mweghachi ala mmiri dị na Uganda site n'aka Ụlọ Ọrụ Gburugburu Ebe Obibi Ụwa n'okpuru ọrụ ọhụrụ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe, nke na-amata mkpa ala mmiri dị n'ichebe obodo dị iche iche site na mgbanwe ihu igwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uganda|url=https://nature-stewardship.org/where-we-work/uganda/|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=NatuReS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=m.t.eiblmeier|date=2022-10-18|title=Launch of partnership wetland conservation activities in Uganda|url=https://nature-stewardship.org/countries/launch-of-wetland-conservation-activities-under-the-commercial-flower-farms-integrated-catchment-management-partnership-in-uganda/|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=NatuReS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ego a na-enye ohere ka ụdị ndụ ndị ọzọ na-eguzogide ihu igwe belata nrụgide na okike na ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ. Ọrụ a ga-ewe afọ ise, nke ga-efu ihe karịrị nde dọla US$4.3, nke Ministri nke Mmiri na Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Uganda ga-arụ, site na nkwado nke [[Ihe Omume Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN Environment Programme]] (UNEP).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ugandan wetlands protect communities from climate change, says government {{!}} Global Adaptation Network (GAN)|url=https://www.unep.org/gan/news/press-release/ugandan-wetlands-protect-communities-climate-change-says-government|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=www.unep.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Usoro iwu ==
Ndị omeiwu nke Uganda enyefela usoro iwu nke na-amanye gọọmentị ijide ntụkwasị obi nye ndị mmadụ ma chebe ha, ọdọ mmiri ndị sitere n'okike, osimiri, ala mmiri, ebe nchekwa ọhịa, ebe nchekwa anụ ọhịa, ogige ntụrụndụ mba na ala ọ bụla a ga-echekwa maka ebumnuche gburugburu ebe obibi na njem nlegharị anya maka ọdịmma nke ụmụ amaala niile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The protection of wetlands in Uganda: too little too late|url=https://www.ensafrica.com/news/detail/3284/the-protection-of-wetlands-in-uganda-too-litt|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=www.ensafrica.com|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị a gụnyere Iwu Ala (Mkpụrụokwu 227) nke machibidoro gọọmentị ịgbazite ma ọ bụ ịpụpụ ala mmiri. Usoro iwu ọzọ nke na-echebe gburugburu ebe obibi bụ Iwu Gburugburu Ebe Obibi Mba nke afọ 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;mondaq.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Protection Of Wetlands In Uganda: Too Little Too Late - Climate Change - Uganda|url=https://www.mondaq.com/climate-change/981290/the-protection-of-wetlands-in-uganda-too-little-too-late|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=www.mondaq.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchekwa ==
Gọọmentị Uganda amalitela ime atụmatụ maka nchekwa na mkpọsa iji chekwaa ala mmiri dị n'ofe obodo ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;mondaq.com&quot; /&gt; Òtù na Ndị Mmekọ n'okpuru Mmekọrịta Njikwa Oke Mkpọchi Azụmahịa Flowere Farms zukọrọ ọnụ ịlụso mbibi ala mmiri gburugburu Greater Kampala ọgụ kemgbe 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-15|title=Uganda wants people to leave flooded wetlands - and not come back {{!}} PreventionWeb|url=https://www.preventionweb.net/news/uganda-wants-people-leave-flooded-wetlands-and-not-come-back|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=www.preventionweb.net|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sustainable Management and Conservation of Wetland Resources in Uganda: A Review|url=https://www.kab.ac.ug/publication/sustainable-management-and-conservation-of-wetland-resources-in-uganda-a-review/|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=Kabale University|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ịma aka ==
Nchekwa ala mmiri na Uganda echewo ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka ihu, ha gụnyere mmụba nke ndị mmadụ na-etinye aka na mmiri mmiri maka ebe obibi, ọrụ ugbo na maka akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-29|title=Lubigi wetland evictions leave taxi operators, passengers stranded|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/lubigi-wetland-evictions-leave-taxi-operators-passengers-stranded/|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ emere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya nke UBOS mere na 2014, ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ na-eto na ọnụego 3.2% kwa afọ ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gbadaa okpukpu atọ site na nde 12.6 na 1980 ruo nde 34.8 na 2014. Nke a egbochila mbọ gọọmentị na-agba n'ichebe akụrụngwa ala mmiri, ndị mmanye iwu na ịchụpụ ndị mmadụ bụ ụzọ ọzọ gọọmentị si eme ihe kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-12|title=Govt asked to evict investors from wetlands|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/govt-asked-to-evict-investors-from-wetlands-3912268|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* National Forestry Authority
* Health in Uganda

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1328198262|Lake Bisina]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina,''' nke a makwaara dịka '''Ọdọ Mmiri Salisbury''' na '''Ọdọ Mmiri Bisinia,''' bụ ọdọ mmiri dị ọhụrụ n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Uganda. Ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri satịlaịtị nke Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga, nke ọ na-asọba n'ime ya, ma ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ala mmiri papyrus jikọtara ha abụọ kpọmkwem.&lt;ref name=&quot;Green2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Green, J.|year=2009|chapter=The Kyoga Catchment|pages=205–214|editor=H.J. Dumont|title=The Nile|series=Monographiae Biologicae|publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V|isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge mmiri ozuzo na-ezo nke ukwuu, Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina nwere ike ịdị omimi ruo mita isii (ụkwụ iri abụọ) ma na-ejikọkarị ya na obere ọdọ mmiri Opeta, mana n'oge ọkọchị, ha abụọ kewapụrụ onwe ha nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mbabazi, D.|year=2009|chapter=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|pages=75–84|editor=M.O. Opige|title=Ecological baseline surveys of Lake Bisina, Lake Opeta, Lake Mburo and Nakivali wetlands systems|publisher=Kampala, Uganda, Nature Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi ==
Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina bụ otu n'ime 33 dị mkpa na Uganda, ebe kemgbe afọ 2006, ọ bụ ebe mmiri Ramsar dị mkpa maka mba ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramsar 12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ramsar Convention on Wetlands|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: Uganda|url=http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-notes-annotated-ramsar-15873/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E15873_4000_0__|accessdate=28 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107023855/http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-notes-annotated-ramsar-15873/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E15873_4000_0__|archivedate=7 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị mkpa maka azụ, ọkachasị ọtụtụ cichlids dị ka haplochromine ''Haplochromis orthostoma'', ''H. argenteus'' (o yiri ka ọ pụwala n'ebe dị iche iche dị na Lake Victoria), ''H. latifasciatus'', ''H. lividus'', ''H. martini'' (o yiri ka ọ pụwala n'ebe dị iche iche dị na Lake Victoria), ''H. maxillaris'', ''H. nubilus'', ''[[Haplochromis parvidens|H. parvidens]]'', ''H. phytophagus'' na ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ ndị a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wanda2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wanda, F.|year=2011|title=Herbivory of Hydrilla verticillata by Cichlid Fish in Lake Bisina, Uganda|journal=Journal of East African Natural History|volume=100|issue=1&amp;2|pages=113–121}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na e webatara perch Naịl n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina na mbido afọ 1970, nnyocha ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya achọpụtabeghị ụdị a, nke a metụtara mbibi nke ọtụtụ haplochromine cichlids n'ebe ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mbabazi, D.|year=2009|chapter=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|pages=75–84|editor=M.O. Opige|title=Ecological baseline surveys of Lake Bisina, Lake Opeta, Lake Mburo and Nakivali wetlands systems|publisher=Kampala, Uganda, Nature Uganda}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMbabazi,_D.2009&quot;&gt;Mbabazi, D. (2009). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; E webatara ụfọdụ ụdị tilapia n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina, ha ka dịkwa, tinyere ụdị ndị a na-akpọ Singida na Victoria tilapias.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wanda2011&quot; /&gt; Ụdị azụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama nke dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina gụnyere azụ̀ azụ̀ e ji nkume rụọ, na ụdị azụ̀ dị iche iche catfish, African tetras na elephantfish.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot; /&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Lake_Bisinia_along_Soroti_Mbale_Highway.jpg|alt=Lake Bisinia along Soroti Mbale Highway,|thumb|'''Lake Bisinia n'akụkụ Soroti Mbale Highway''']]
Nnyocha e mere n'ime osisi mmiri dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina gosiri ụdị osisi mmiri dị n'ime akwara iri na ise tinyere Chara spp. (algae akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị iche iche). Otu nnyocha ahụ sere ụkpụrụ osisi mmiri n'ofe ọdọ mmiri ahụ ma kọọ akụkọ gbasara obodo osisi ndị metụtara omimi na nhazi mmiri.

Ala mmiri dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina na-akwado nnụnụ mmiri pụrụ iche. Nnyocha Nature Uganda na-egosi ọrụ ịzụlite ụmụ anụmanụ na mkpa nchekwa nke papyrus na ebe obibi mmiri mmiri jupụtara n'oge dị na mmiri Bisina. Akụkọ nnyocha ezubere iche na-egosi na Fox's Weaver (Ploceus spekeoides) bụ ụdị anụmanụ a na-anaghị ahụkarị n'ọhịa nke jikọtara ya na ala mmiri mmiri na-ezo n'oge na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Uganda, gụnyere ebe mmiri na nsọtụ ọdọ mmiri Bisina.

Akụkọ mmalite nke Nature Uganda na-egosi nrụgide sitere na ịkọ ihe, ịta ahịhịa, mgbanwe ala mmiri na nsị mmiri dị ka ihe egwu dị mkpa nye ọrụ ala mmiri na ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na sistemụ ala mmiri Bisina-Opeta. Akụkọ ubi ndị lekwasịrị anya n'ụdị anụmanụ na-egosikwa na e nwere mfu na mgbanwe ebe obibi n'ala mmiri mmiri nke mmiri na-ezo n'oge dị ka ihe iyi egwu dị mkpa maka nnụnụ mmiri ndị a na-amaghị ama nke e dekọrọ n'ime nnukwu ọdọ mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Bisina.

== Ọdịdị ala na sayensị mmiri ==
Ọdọ mmiri Bisina dị ihe dị ka kilomita iri na ise n'ebe ugwu nke obodo Kumi na ihe dị ka kilomita iri abụọ n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Soroti. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ihe dị ka kilomita 192 ma dị ihe dị ka mita 1,050 n'elu ọkwa oké osimiri. Apịtị papyrus na nnukwu idei mmiri nke jikọtara ya na Osimiri Apedura gbara ya gburugburu, nke na-asọpụ akụkụ nke Karamoja gaa n'usoro ọdọ mmiri ahụ.

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị omimi. N'ihe gbasara nnwale ubi n'etiti Febụwarị 2008 na Ọgọst 2009, omimi dị n'ebe a na-enyocha ihe dị iche iche sitere na 0.6 ruo 5.0 m, nkezi nke 2.89 m.

== Ọnọdụ Ramsar na Mpaghara Nnụnụ Dị Mkpa ==
E hiwere Sistemụ Ala Mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina dị ka Ebe Ramsar na Septemba 15, 2006. Ebe a dị na Ramsar obosara ya ruru hekta 54,229 ma edepụtara ya maka mpaghara Kumi, Katakwi na Soroti. A kọwakwara ọdọ mmiri Bisina na nnukwu ogige mmiri Bisina-Opeta dị ka ebe dị mkpa maka nnụnụ n'ọrụ nchekwa ebe ahụ na Uganda.

== Ndị mmadụ na ebe obibi ==
Obodo ndị gbara usoro Bisina-Opeta gburugburu na-adabere na akụrụngwa ala mmiri. Ojiji mpaghara e dekọrọ n'ọrụ mmalite gụnyere ịkụ azụ, ịgbara anụ ụlọ mmiri, na iweta ihe ndị e ji ala mmiri mee, tinyere ịgbasa ebe obibi na ịkọ ihe ubi n'ebe dị nso n'ala mmiri. Akụkọ mmalite na-ejikọkwa mmụba nke siltation na mbelata ọrụ nchekwa idei mmiri na nrụgide ala na mmiri ozuzo, gụnyere mmebi n'ime ọdọ mmiri dị n'elu mmiri na-enye usoro ahụ nri.

== Leekwa ==

* [[Faịlụ:Lake_Bisinia_Swamp_with_Papyrus_along_Soroti_Mbale_Highway.jpg|alt=Lake Bisinia|thumb|Foto nke Ọdọ Mmiri Bisinia]]Kapir Atiira, obodo dị nso n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina
* Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga
* [[Ọdọ Mmiri Opeta]]

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* NatureUganda (2009) baseline report (PDF): https://nru.uncst.go.ug/bitstreams/ee4e416b-eb8d-4ae3-bf41-981de1adeae7/download

* Ramsar Sites List (22 November 2024) (PDF): https://medwet.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/RamsarSitesList_22November2024.pdf

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
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'''Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina,''' nke a makwaara dịka '''Ọdọ Mmiri Salisbury''' na '''Ọdọ Mmiri Bisinia,''' bụ ọdọ mmiri dị ọhụrụ n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Uganda. Ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri satịlaịtị nke Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga, nke ọ na-asọba n'ime ya, ma ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ala mmiri papyrus jikọtara ha abụọ kpọmkwem.&lt;ref name=&quot;Green2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Green, J.|year=2009|chapter=The Kyoga Catchment|pages=205–214|editor=H.J. Dumont|title=The Nile|series=Monographiae Biologicae|publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V|isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge mmiri ozuzo na-ezo nke ukwuu, Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina nwere ike ịdị omimi ruo mita isii (ụkwụ iri abụọ) ma na-ejikọkarị ya na obere ọdọ mmiri Opeta, mana n'oge ọkọchị, ha abụọ kewapụrụ onwe ha nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mbabazi, D.|year=2009|chapter=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|pages=75–84|editor=M.O. Opige|title=Ecological baseline surveys of Lake Bisina, Lake Opeta, Lake Mburo and Nakivali wetlands systems|publisher=Kampala, Uganda, Nature Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi ==
Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina bụ otu n'ime 33 dị mkpa na Uganda, ebe kemgbe afọ 2006, ọ bụ ebe mmiri Ramsar dị mkpa maka mba ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramsar 12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ramsar Convention on Wetlands|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: Uganda|url=http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-notes-annotated-ramsar-15873/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E15873_4000_0__|accessdate=28 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107023855/http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-notes-annotated-ramsar-15873/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E15873_4000_0__|archivedate=7 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị mkpa maka azụ, ọkachasị ọtụtụ cichlids dị ka haplochromine ''Haplochromis orthostoma'', ''H. argenteus'' (o yiri ka ọ pụwala n'ebe dị iche iche dị na Lake Victoria), ''H. latifasciatus'', ''H. lividus'', ''H. martini'' (o yiri ka ọ pụwala n'ebe dị iche iche dị na Lake Victoria), ''H. maxillaris'', ''H. nubilus'', ''[[Haplochromis parvidens|H. parvidens]]'', ''H. phytophagus'' na ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ ndị a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wanda2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wanda, F.|year=2011|title=Herbivory of Hydrilla verticillata by Cichlid Fish in Lake Bisina, Uganda|journal=Journal of East African Natural History|volume=100|issue=1&amp;2|pages=113–121}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na e webatara perch Naịl n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina na mbido afọ 1970, nnyocha ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya achọpụtabeghị ụdị a, nke a metụtara mbibi nke ọtụtụ haplochromine cichlids n'ebe ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot; /&gt; E webatara ụfọdụ ụdị tilapia n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina, ha ka dịkwa, tinyere ụdị ndị a na-akpọ Singida na Victoria tilapias.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wanda2011&quot; /&gt; Ụdị azụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama nke dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina gụnyere azụ̀ azụ̀ e ji nkume rụọ, na ụdị azụ̀ dị iche iche catfish, African tetras na elephantfish.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot; /&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Lake_Bisinia_along_Soroti_Mbale_Highway.jpg|alt=Lake Bisinia along Soroti Mbale Highway,|thumb|'''Lake Bisinia n'akụkụ Soroti Mbale Highway''']]
Nnyocha e mere n'ime osisi mmiri dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina gosiri ụdị osisi mmiri dị n'ime akwara iri na ise tinyere Chara spp. (algae akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị iche iche). Otu nnyocha ahụ sere ụkpụrụ osisi mmiri n'ofe ọdọ mmiri ahụ ma kọọ akụkọ gbasara obodo osisi ndị metụtara omimi na nhazi mmiri.

Ala mmiri dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina na-akwado nnụnụ mmiri pụrụ iche. Nnyocha Nature Uganda na-egosi ọrụ ịzụlite ụmụ anụmanụ na mkpa nchekwa nke papyrus na ebe obibi mmiri mmiri jupụtara n'oge dị na mmiri Bisina. Akụkọ nnyocha ezubere iche na-egosi na Fox's Weaver (Ploceus spekeoides) bụ ụdị anụmanụ a na-anaghị ahụkarị n'ọhịa nke jikọtara ya na ala mmiri mmiri na-ezo n'oge na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Uganda, gụnyere ebe mmiri na nsọtụ ọdọ mmiri Bisina.

Akụkọ mmalite nke Nature Uganda na-egosi nrụgide sitere na ịkọ ihe, ịta ahịhịa, mgbanwe ala mmiri na nsị mmiri dị ka ihe egwu dị mkpa nye ọrụ ala mmiri na ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na sistemụ ala mmiri Bisina-Opeta. Akụkọ ubi ndị lekwasịrị anya n'ụdị anụmanụ na-egosikwa na e nwere mfu na mgbanwe ebe obibi n'ala mmiri mmiri nke mmiri na-ezo n'oge dị ka ihe iyi egwu dị mkpa maka nnụnụ mmiri ndị a na-amaghị ama nke e dekọrọ n'ime nnukwu ọdọ mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Bisina.

== Ọdịdị ala na sayensị mmiri ==
Ọdọ mmiri Bisina dị ihe dị ka kilomita iri na ise n'ebe ugwu nke obodo Kumi na ihe dị ka kilomita iri abụọ n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Soroti. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ihe dị ka kilomita 192 ma dị ihe dị ka mita 1,050 n'elu ọkwa oké osimiri. Apịtị papyrus na nnukwu idei mmiri nke jikọtara ya na Osimiri Apedura gbara ya gburugburu, nke na-asọpụ akụkụ nke Karamoja gaa n'usoro ọdọ mmiri ahụ.

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị omimi. N'ihe gbasara nnwale ubi n'etiti Febụwarị 2008 na Ọgọst 2009, omimi dị n'ebe a na-enyocha ihe dị iche iche sitere na 0.6 ruo 5.0 m, nkezi nke 2.89 m.

== Ọnọdụ Ramsar na Mpaghara Nnụnụ Dị Mkpa ==
E hiwere Sistemụ Ala Mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina dị ka Ebe Ramsar na Septemba 15, 2006. Ebe a dị na Ramsar obosara ya ruru hekta 54,229 ma edepụtara ya maka mpaghara Kumi, Katakwi na Soroti. A kọwakwara ọdọ mmiri Bisina na nnukwu ogige mmiri Bisina-Opeta dị ka ebe dị mkpa maka nnụnụ n'ọrụ nchekwa ebe ahụ na Uganda.

== Ndị mmadụ na ebe obibi ==
Obodo ndị gbara usoro Bisina-Opeta gburugburu na-adabere na akụrụngwa ala mmiri. Ojiji mpaghara e dekọrọ n'ọrụ mmalite gụnyere ịkụ azụ, ịgbara anụ ụlọ mmiri, na iweta ihe ndị e ji ala mmiri mee, tinyere ịgbasa ebe obibi na ịkọ ihe ubi n'ebe dị nso n'ala mmiri. Akụkọ mmalite na-ejikọkwa mmụba nke siltation na mbelata ọrụ nchekwa idei mmiri na nrụgide ala na mmiri ozuzo, gụnyere mmebi n'ime ọdọ mmiri dị n'elu mmiri na-enye usoro ahụ nri.

== Leekwa ==

* [[Faịlụ:Lake_Bisinia_Swamp_with_Papyrus_along_Soroti_Mbale_Highway.jpg|alt=Lake Bisinia|thumb|Foto nke Ọdọ Mmiri Bisinia]]Kapir Atiira, obodo dị nso n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina
* Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga
* [[Ọdọ Mmiri Opeta]]

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* NatureUganda (2009) baseline report (PDF): https://nru.uncst.go.ug/bitstreams/ee4e416b-eb8d-4ae3-bf41-981de1adeae7/download

* Ramsar Sites List (22 November 2024) (PDF): https://medwet.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/RamsarSitesList_22November2024.pdf

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360509782|Lake George (Uganda)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Ọdọ Mmiri George''' ma ọ bụ '''Ọdọ Mmiri Katunguru''' bụ ọdọ mmiri dị na Uganda. O nwere oke ala nke kilomita 250 (mita 97) ma bụrụkwa akụkụ nke usoro ọdọ mmiri ukwu nke Afrịka, ọ bụ ezie na a naghị ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri ukwu.  Dịka ọdọ mmiri ndị ọzọ dị na mpaghara ahụ, aha otu onye si n'ezinụlọ eze Britain gbanwere aha ya, n'ọnọdụ a, Prince George, onye mechara bụrụ Eze George V.  Ọdọ Mmiri George na-asọba n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ n'ime Ọdọ Mmiri Edward n'ime Ọwa Kazinga.

Ndị Batooro, Basongora, Banyampaka na Banyankore, tinyere ndị ọzọ, bi n'ógbè gbara ọdọ mmiri ahụ gburugburu.  Mba ndị a niile na-asụ asụsụ ndị yiri ibe ha nke a na-akpọkarị asụsụ Runyakitara. ''Akatunguru'' bụ okwu pụtara 'yabasị' ma ndị mmadụ dị iche iche a na-eji ya.  N'ihi ya, a bịara mara ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ka Katunguru n'ihi ọdịdị ya dị ka yabasị.

Onye nchọpụta Wales bụ Henry Morton Stanley bụ onye Europe mbụ hụrụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'afọ 1875, mgbe ọ gbasịrị ọsọ nke Osimiri Katonga si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria n'oge njem ya na mba Africa. O chere na ọ bụ akụkụ nke Lake Albert, o mere ka ọ gbanwee aha ya ka ọ bụrụ '''''Beatrice Gulf'''''.  A kwụsịtụrụ atụmatụ nyocha n'ihi egwu nke esemokwu na alaeze Bunyoro.  N'oge nleta nke abụọ ya na mpaghara ahụ, n'afọ 1888 n'oge njem enyemaka Emin Pasha, Stanley chọtara ọdọ mmiri Edward, ma ghọta na e nwere ọdọ mmiri abụọ nọọrọ onwe ha, nyere Lake George aha ya ugbu a.

== Ọdịdị ala na sayensị mmiri ==
Ọdọ Mmiri George dị na 0°0'N, 30°12'E ma nwee elu nke mita 914 n'elu ọkwa oké osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake George {{!}} Lake George {{!}} World Lake Database - ILEC|url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3591|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=wldb.ilec.or.jp}}&lt;/ref&gt; Osimiri ndị si n'Ugwu Rwenzori na-asọpụta na-asọba n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ha bụ Rumi, Mubuku na Nsonge, ha na-asọpụta na Kaziga Channel nke jikọtara Lake George na Lake Edward.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-12-05|title=Explore the Beauty of Lake George {{!}}Uganda {{!}}Boat rides {{!}}Adventure|url=https://abundadiscoveriesuganda.com/explore-the-beauty-of-lake-george/|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=Abunda Discoveries Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Surface area [km2]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |250
|-
|Volume [km3]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |0.8
|-
|Maximum depth [m]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4.5
|-
|Mean depth [m]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2.4
|-
|Water level
| align=&quot;center&quot; |Unregulated
|-
|Normal range of annual water level fluctuation [m]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |0.1
|-
|Residence time [yr]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |0.3
|-
|Catchment area [km2]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |9,705
|}

== Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Lakes_and_mountains_of_western_Uganda_ESA298477.tiff|thumb|304x304px|Ọdọ mmiri na ugwu ndị dị n'ọdịda anyanwụ Uganda]]
Na Maachị afọ 1988, a họpụtara Lake George na Uganda dịka Ala Mmiri Ramsar nke Mkpa Mba Nile nke mbụ, nke mere ka o doo anya na ọ dị mkpa maka ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake George, Uganda|url=https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2020/01/Lake_George_Uganda|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=www.esa.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ eutrophic na alkaline n'ihi algae na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke nwere ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ ma na-enye aka na agba akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ya dịka a na-ahụ ya site na satịlaịtị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake George, Uganda|url=https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2020/01/Lake_George_Uganda|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=www.esa.int|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2020/01/Lake_George_Uganda &quot;Lake George, Uganda&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ganf|first=G. G.|date=1974|title=Phytoplankton Biomass and Distribution in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake (Lake George, Uganda)|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4214981|journal=Oecologia|volume=16|issue=1|pages=9–29|issn=0029-8549}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-akwado ala mmiri na osimiri, bụ́ ebe obibi nye ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 150, gụnyere ụgbala dị iche iche nke nwere ọnụ saddle, yana hippopotamuses, elephants, Nile crocodiles na sitatunga antelopes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake George|url=https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/lake-george/|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=Gorilla Trekking Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake George|url=https://www.insidequeenelizabethnationalpark.com/lake-george.html|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=Inside Queen Elizabeth National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ụdị dị iche iche bara ụba nke bara uru n'akụ azụ, dịka tilapia, ọtụtụ ụdị cichlids, yana lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus) na ọtụtụ ụdị azụ̀ catfish (Bagrus docmac and Clarias gariepinus).&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Case of Lakes Edward-George and Kazinga Channel|url=https://docslib.org/doc/7318261/the-case-of-lakes-edward-george-and-kazinga-channel|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=Docslib|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mmadụ na njem nlegharị anya ==
Lake George dị n'ime Ogige Ntụrụndụ Queen Elizabeth nke mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa maka njem nlegharị anya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-12-05|title=Explore the Beauty of Lake George {{!}}Uganda {{!}}Boat rides {{!}}Adventure|url=https://abundadiscoveriesuganda.com/explore-the-beauty-of-lake-george/|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=Abunda Discoveries Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://abundadiscoveriesuganda.com/explore-the-beauty-of-lake-george/ &quot;Explore the Beauty of Lake George |Uganda |Boat rides |Adventure&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  Ndị bi n'ógbè gbara ya gburugburu na-enweta ihe ha ji ebi ndụ site n'ịkụ azụ̀, si otú a na-adabere n'ebe a na-azụ azụ̀ a ma ama n'ógbè ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Case of Lakes Edward-George and Kazinga Channel|url=https://docslib.org/doc/7318261/the-case-of-lakes-edward-george-and-kazinga-channel|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=Docslib|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://docslib.org/doc/7318261/the-case-of-lakes-edward-george-and-kazinga-channel &quot;The Case of Lakes Edward-George and Kazinga Channel&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị mmadụ nwekwara ike ịga njem ụgbọ mmiri, ikiri nnụnụ, ịnya ụgbọ mmiri, yana ikiri anụ ọhịa dịka hippos, nnụnụ, na ọbụna ele n'ala mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake George|url=https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/lake-george/|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=Gorilla Trekking Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/lake-george/ &quot;Lake George&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=polly|date=2019-02-25|title=Lake George - Lake George community tour|url=https://www.queenelizabethparkuganda.com/information/lake-george-community-tour/|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=Queen Elizabeth National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;300&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Wild_Life_at_the_banks_of_Kazinga_channel,_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park_15.jpg|Ndụ Anụ ọhịa n'akụkụ ọwa Kazinga, Queen Elizabeth National Park
Faịlụ:A_bloat_of_Hippos_in_Kazinga_Channel,_Western_Uganda.jpg|Ọwa Kazinga nke jikọtara Ọdọ Mmiri George na Ọdọ Mmiri Edward
Faịlụ:Feathers_in_Flight;_Birds_Flock_Behind_Our_Boat,_Seizing_Opportunities_on_Kazinga_Channel_01.jpg|Nku n'efe efe; Nnụnụ na-efegharị n'azụ ụgbọ mmiri anyị, na-eji ohere ndị dị na Kazinga Channel eme ihe.
Faịlụ:Kazinga_Channel_in_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park.jpg|Kazinga Channel dị na Queen Elizabeth National Park na-ekiri anụ ọhịa.
Faịlụ:Passenger_boats_at_Kazinga_Channel_in_Kasese_district_in_western_Uganda_04.jpg|Ụgbọ mmiri ndị njem na Kazinga Channel dị na mpaghara Kasese dị na ọdịda anyanwụ Uganda
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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        <id>17172</id>
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'''Ọdọ Mmiri George''' ma ọ bụ '''Ọdọ Mmiri Katunguru''' bụ ọdọ mmiri dị na Uganda. O nwere oke ala nke kilomita 250 (mita 97) ma bụrụkwa akụkụ nke usoro ọdọ mmiri ukwu nke Afrịka, ọ bụ ezie na a naghị ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri ukwu.  Dịka ọdọ mmiri ndị ọzọ dị na mpaghara ahụ, aha otu onye si n'ezinụlọ eze Britain gbanwere aha ya, n'ọnọdụ a, Prince George, onye mechara bụrụ Eze George V.  Ọdọ Mmiri George na-asọba n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ n'ime Ọdọ Mmiri Edward n'ime Ọwa Kazinga.

Ndị Batooro, Basongora, Banyampaka na Banyankore, tinyere ndị ọzọ, bi n'ógbè gbara ọdọ mmiri ahụ gburugburu.  Mba ndị a niile na-asụ asụsụ ndị yiri ibe ha nke a na-akpọkarị asụsụ Runyakitara. ''Akatunguru'' bụ okwu pụtara 'yabasị' ma ndị mmadụ dị iche iche a na-eji ya.  N'ihi ya, a bịara mara ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ka Katunguru n'ihi ọdịdị ya dị ka yabasị.

Onye nchọpụta Wales bụ Henry Morton Stanley bụ onye Europe mbụ hụrụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'afọ 1875, mgbe ọ gbasịrị ọsọ nke Osimiri Katonga si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria n'oge njem ya na mba Africa. O chere na ọ bụ akụkụ nke Lake Albert, o mere ka ọ gbanwee aha ya ka ọ bụrụ '''''Beatrice Gulf'''''.  A kwụsịtụrụ atụmatụ nyocha n'ihi egwu nke esemokwu na alaeze Bunyoro.  N'oge nleta nke abụọ ya na mpaghara ahụ, n'afọ 1888 n'oge njem enyemaka Emin Pasha, Stanley chọtara ọdọ mmiri Edward, ma ghọta na e nwere ọdọ mmiri abụọ nọọrọ onwe ha, nyere Lake George aha ya ugbu a.

== Ọdịdị ala na sayensị mmiri ==
Ọdọ Mmiri George dị na 0°0'N, 30°12'E ma nwee elu nke mita 914 n'elu ọkwa oké osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake George {{!}} Lake George {{!}} World Lake Database - ILEC|url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3591|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=wldb.ilec.or.jp}}&lt;/ref&gt; Osimiri ndị si n'Ugwu Rwenzori na-asọpụta na-asọba n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ha bụ Rumi, Mubuku na Nsonge, ha na-asọpụta na Kaziga Channel nke jikọtara Lake George na Lake Edward.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-12-05|title=Explore the Beauty of Lake George {{!}}Uganda {{!}}Boat rides {{!}}Adventure|url=https://abundadiscoveriesuganda.com/explore-the-beauty-of-lake-george/|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=Abunda Discoveries Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Surface area [km2]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |250
|-
|Volume [km3]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |0.8
|-
|Maximum depth [m]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4.5
|-
|Mean depth [m]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2.4
|-
|Water level
| align=&quot;center&quot; |Unregulated
|-
|Normal range of annual water level fluctuation [m]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |0.1
|-
|Residence time [yr]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |0.3
|-
|Catchment area [km2]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |9,705
|}

== Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Lakes_and_mountains_of_western_Uganda_ESA298477.tiff|thumb|304x304px|Ọdọ mmiri na ugwu ndị dị n'ọdịda anyanwụ Uganda]]
Na Maachị afọ 1988, a họpụtara Lake George na Uganda dịka Ala Mmiri Ramsar nke Mkpa Mba Nile nke mbụ, nke mere ka o doo anya na ọ dị mkpa maka ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake George, Uganda|url=https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2020/01/Lake_George_Uganda|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=www.esa.int|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ eutrophic na alkaline n'ihi algae na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nke nwere ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ ma na-enye aka na agba akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ya dịka a na-ahụ ya site na satịlaịtị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ganf|first=G. G.|date=1974|title=Phytoplankton Biomass and Distribution in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake (Lake George, Uganda)|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4214981|journal=Oecologia|volume=16|issue=1|pages=9–29|issn=0029-8549}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-akwado ala mmiri na osimiri, bụ́ ebe obibi nye ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 150, gụnyere ụgbala dị iche iche nke nwere ọnụ saddle, yana hippopotamuses, elephants, Nile crocodiles na sitatunga antelopes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake George|url=https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/lake-george/|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=Gorilla Trekking Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake George|url=https://www.insidequeenelizabethnationalpark.com/lake-george.html|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=Inside Queen Elizabeth National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ụdị dị iche iche bara ụba nke bara uru n'akụ azụ, dịka tilapia, ọtụtụ ụdị cichlids, yana lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus) na ọtụtụ ụdị azụ̀ catfish (Bagrus docmac and Clarias gariepinus).&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Case of Lakes Edward-George and Kazinga Channel|url=https://docslib.org/doc/7318261/the-case-of-lakes-edward-george-and-kazinga-channel|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=Docslib|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mmadụ na njem nlegharị anya ==
Lake George dị n'ime Ogige Ntụrụndụ Queen Elizabeth nke mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa maka njem nlegharị anya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;  Ndị bi n'ógbè gbara ya gburugburu na-enweta ihe ha ji ebi ndụ site n'ịkụ azụ̀, si otú a na-adabere n'ebe a na-azụ azụ̀ a ma ama n'ógbè ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Ndị mmadụ nwekwara ike ịga njem ụgbọ mmiri, ikiri nnụnụ, ịnya ụgbọ mmiri, yana ikiri anụ ọhịa dịka hippos, nnụnụ, na ọbụna ele n'ala mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=polly|date=2019-02-25|title=Lake George - Lake George community tour|url=https://www.queenelizabethparkuganda.com/information/lake-george-community-tour/|accessdate=2025-08-11|work=Queen Elizabeth National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;300&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Wild_Life_at_the_banks_of_Kazinga_channel,_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park_15.jpg|Ndụ Anụ ọhịa n'akụkụ ọwa Kazinga, Queen Elizabeth National Park
Faịlụ:A_bloat_of_Hippos_in_Kazinga_Channel,_Western_Uganda.jpg|Ọwa Kazinga nke jikọtara Ọdọ Mmiri George na Ọdọ Mmiri Edward
Faịlụ:Feathers_in_Flight;_Birds_Flock_Behind_Our_Boat,_Seizing_Opportunities_on_Kazinga_Channel_01.jpg|Nku n'efe efe; Nnụnụ na-efegharị n'azụ ụgbọ mmiri anyị, na-eji ohere ndị dị na Kazinga Channel eme ihe.
Faịlụ:Kazinga_Channel_in_Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park.jpg|Kazinga Channel dị na Queen Elizabeth National Park na-ekiri anụ ọhịa.
Faịlụ:Passenger_boats_at_Kazinga_Channel_in_Kasese_district_in_western_Uganda_04.jpg|Ụgbọ mmiri ndị njem na Kazinga Channel dị na mpaghara Kasese dị na ọdịda anyanwụ Uganda
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Naịl Ọcha</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360314011|White Nile]]&quot;</comment>
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Osimiri Naịl Ọcha (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') bụ osimiri dị n'Ebe Ugwu na Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka. Ọ dị obere obere, mana ọ dị ogologo (ma gbasawanye ma dịkwa omimi), n'ime nnukwu mmiri abụọ nke Osimiri Naịl, nke buru ibu bụ Osimiri Naịl Blue. Aha &quot;Ọcha&quot; sitere na ájá ụrọ e ji mmiri buo nke na-eme ka mmiri ahụ dị ka agba na-acha ọcha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=clay&amp;pg=PA362|title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12|date=1867|accessdate=30 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ihe doro anya, &quot;Nsi Nile Ọcha&quot; na-ezo aka n'osimiri e guzobere n'Ọdọ Mmiri No, na njikọta nke Osimiri Bahr al Jabal na Bahr el Ghazal. N'ụzọ sara mbara, &quot;Nlaị ọcha&quot; na-ezo aka n'akụkụ niile nke osimiri na-asọpụta site na Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria ruo na njikọta ya na Blue Nile: &quot;Nlaị Victoria&quot; site na Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria site na Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga bụbụ &quot;Albert Nile&quot; ruo ókèala South Sudan, wee ruo &quot;Ugwu Naịl&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Bahr-al-Jabal&quot; ruo ọdọ mmiri nke No.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dumont|first=Henri J.|title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use|date=2009|pages=344–345|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9781402097263|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&amp;q=Kyoga&amp;pg=PA345|accessdate=30 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot; aịle ike ịgụnye isi mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria, nke kachasị dị anya bụ kilomita 3,700 (maịlụ 2,300) site na Osimiri Blue.&lt;ref name=&quot;abc-clio&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Penn|first=James R.|title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook|date=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781576070420|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&amp;q=Luvironza&amp;pg=PA299|accessdate=30 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:White_and_Blue_Nile-en.svg|thumb|Maapụ na-egosi Osimiri Ọcha na Osimiri Naịl Anụnụ Naịl Anụnụ Naịl dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka.]]

== Usoro ọmụmụ ==

=== Isi mmiri ===
[[Faịlụ:RusumoFalls2.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Rusumo Falls]]
Osimiri Kagera, nke na-asọba n'ime ọdọ mmiri Victoria dị nso n'obodo Tanzania nke Bukoba, bụ osimiri kachasị ogologo maka nri ọdọ mmiri Victoria, ọ bụ ezie na isi mmalite ekwekọrịtaghị na nke bụ mmiri kachasị ogologo nke Kagera, nke bụkwa isi iyi kachasị anya nke Naịl.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|accessdate=4 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; A pụrụ iwere isi iyi nke Naịl dị ka Ruvyironza, nke na-apụta na Bururi Province, Burundi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html|title=Nile River|accessdate=5 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html|archivedate=10 January 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; (nke dịdebere Bukirasaz), ma ọ bụ Nyabarongo, nke si n’ọhịa Nyungwe na Rwanda na-asọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|accessdate=4 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Osimiri abụọ a na-azụ ihe na-ezukọ n'akụkụ Rusumo Falls n'ókè dị n'etiti Rwanda na Tanzania. A maara mmiri ndị a maka ihe omume mere n'etiti 28-29 Eprel 1994, mgbe mmadụ 250,000 si Rwanda gafere àkwà mmiri Rusumo na-abanye n'ime Ngara, Tanzania, n'ime awa 24, n'ihe Kọmishọna Ukwu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Maka Ndị Gbara Ọsọ Ndụ kpọrọ &quot;mpụga ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ kachasị ukwuu na nke kachasị ọsọ n'oge a&quot;. Kagera bụ akụkụ nke ókèala Rwanda-Tanzania na Tanzania-Uganda tupu ọ banye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria.

=== Na Uganda ===
[[Faịlụ:Flipping_raft_in_Bujagali_falls,_Uganda.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Rafter na-efegharị n'ime Mmiri Bujagali dị nso n'ọnụ ọnụ mmiri Victoria Nile]]
Aha osimiri ọcha dị na Uganda bụ &quot;Victoria Nile&quot; site na Lake Victoria site na Lake Kyoga ruo Lake Albert, wee bụrụ &quot;Albert Nile&quot; site na ebe ahụ ruo ókèala ya na South Sudan.

==== Victoria Nile ====
[[Faịlụ:Victoria_Nile_River,_Uganda_(15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]
Osimiri Victoria na-amalite site na nsọtụ ọdọ mmiri Victoria, na Jinja, Uganda, n'ụsọ oké osimiri ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fishery&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1|year=1990|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations|isbn=92-5-102983-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA291|author=vanden Bossche|first=J.-P.|accessdate=4 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ala ala site na Ọdụ Ike Nalubaale na Ọdụ Ike Kiira dị na nsọtụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ, osimiri ahụ gafere Mmiri Mmiri Bujagali (ebe ọdụ ọkụ Bujagali dị) ihe dị ka kilomita iri na ise (mile itoolu na ọkara) site na Jinja. Osimiri ahụ na-asọga n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ site na Uganda ruo Lake Kyoga dị n'etiti obodo ahụ, wee si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo Lake Albert.

Na Karuma Falls, osimiri ahụ na-asọ n'okpuru àkwà mmiri Karuma (2°14'45.40°N 32°15'9.05&quot;E) n'akụkụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Murchison Falls National Park. N'oge ọtụtụ nnupụisi nke Lord's Resistance Army, Karuma Bridge, nke e wuru na 1963 iji nyere ndị na-emepụta owu aka, bụ ebe kacha mkpa n'ụzọ na-aga Gulu, ebe ụgbọala gbakọtara n'ime ndị agha tupu e nye ha ndị agha iso ha gaa ebe ikpeazụ ha ga-agbaga n'ebe ugwu. Na afọ 2009, gọọmentị Uganda kwupụtara atụmatụ ha ịrụ ọrụ ike mmiri nke nwere ike megawatt 750, ọtụtụ kilomita n'ebe ugwu nke àkwà mmiri ahụ, nke e mere atụmatụ imecha na 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508|first=Hereward|author=Holland|date=8 May 2009|accessdate=18 April 2014|work=[[Reuters]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508|archivedate=19 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ akụ ụwa kwadoro inye obere ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik nke nwere ike megawatt 200, mana Uganda họọrọ ọrụ buru ibu karị, nke ndị Uganda ga-akwụ ụgwọ n'ime obodo ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Joe|author=Wacha|publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online|url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967|date=29 October 2011|accessdate=18 April 2014|title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967|archivedate=19 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tupu ha abanye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Albert, a kpọchiri osimiri ahụ n'ime ụzọ dị mita asaa n'obosara na Murchison Falls, nke na-egosi na ọ banyere n'alaka ọdịda anyanwụ nke East Africa Rift. Osimiri ahụ wee banye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Albert nke dị n'akụkụ Ugwu Blue dị na Democratic Republic of the Congo.

A na-akpọkwa akụkụ osimiri site na Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga ruo Ọdọ Mmiri Albert &quot;Nịl Kyoga&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law|date=1980|publisher=M.K. Nawaz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ|language=en|accessdate=5 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Albert Nile ====
[[Faịlụ:A_track_and_pedestrians_cross_the_Albert_Nile_bridge_in_Northern_Uganda.jpg|thumb|Àkwà mmiri dị na Albert Nile]]
A na-akpọ osimiri ahụ nke na-asọpụta site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Albert n'ebe ugwu &quot;Albert Nile&quot;. Ọ na-ekewa mpaghara dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Ọdịda Anyanwụ nke Uganda na mba ndị ọzọ dị na mba ahụ. Àkwà mmiri gafere Albert Nile dị nso n'ọnụ ụzọ mbata ya na Mpaghara Nebbi, mana arụbeghị àkwà mmiri ọzọ n'elu akụkụ a. Ụgbọ mmiri na-ejikọ ụzọ dị n'etiti Adjumani na Moyo, ma ọ bụghị ya, a na-eji obere ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri eme njem n'osimiri ahụ.

=== Na mba Saụt Sudan na mba Sudan ===
[[Faịlụ:Zusammenfluss_der_Nile.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb|Njikọta nke Osimiri Blue na White dị nso na Khartoum]]
Site n'ebe osimiri ahụ si Uganda bata na South Sudan, osimiri ahụ na-abanye n'okpuru aha &quot;Ugwu Naịl&quot;. Site n'Ọdọ Mmiri No na South Sudan, osimiri ahụ ghọrọ &quot;Nsi Mmiri Ọcha&quot; n'ụzọ siri ike, ya mere ọ na-aga n'ebe ugwu ruo Sudan ebe ọ na-akwụsị na njikọ ya na Blue Nile.

==== Ugwu Naịl ====
[[Faịlụ:White_Nile_River_(30741802592).jpg|thumb|Osimiri ọcha Naịl nke Uganda]]
Site na Nimule dị na South Sudan, nke dị nso na ókèala ya na Uganda, a na-akpọ osimiri ahụ &quot;Ugwu Naịl&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Baḥr al-Jabal&quot; (nke bụkwa &quot;Baḥr el-Jebel&quot;,), n'ụzọ nkịtị &quot;Osimiri Ugwu&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Osimiri Ugwu&quot;.[14] A maara steeti ndịda Sudan nke Central Equatoria nke osimiri ahụ na-esi na ya agafe dị ka Bahr al-Jabal ruo 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073|work=[[Sudan Tribune]]|date=16 April 2006|accessdate=4 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073|archivedate=4 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akụkụ ndịda nke osimiri ahụ gafere ọtụtụ mmiri mmiri tupu ọ ruo n'ala dị larịị nke Sudan na nnukwu apịtị dị n'okpuru mmiri. Ọ na-aga n'Ọdọ Mmiri No, ebe ọ na-ejikọta na Bahr el Ghazal wee mepụta Osimiri Naịl Ọcha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parsons&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Parsons|first=Ellen C.|title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa|date=1905|publisher=Macmillan Company|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281|language=en|accessdate=5 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Osimiri anabranch nke a na-akpọ Bahr el Zeraf na-asọpụta site na Bahr al-Jabal na Sudd, wee banye na White Nile. Ugwu Naịl na-asọpụta site na obere ndagwurugwu na n'elu ọtụtụ mmiri mmiri nke gụnyere Fula (Fola) Rapids.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org|url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain|accessdate=2020-08-20|work=www.waterbodies.org|language=en|archivedate=21 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|Mmiri Naịl ọcha na Naịl nke na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-ejikọ aka na Khartoum, isi obodo nke Sudan.]]

==== Ebe kwesịrị ekwesị maka Nile Ọcha ====
Nye ụfọdụ ndị, Osimiri Ọcha na-amalite site na njikọ nke Ugwu Naịl na Bahr el Ghazal na Ọdọ Mmiri No.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parsons&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Parsons|first=Ellen C.|title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa|date=1905|publisher=Macmillan Company|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281|language=en|accessdate=5 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ Mmiri White Nile dị kilomita 120 nke na-asọga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ site n'Ọdọ Mmiri No ruo n'ọnụ Sobat dị nro ma na-ejide ọtụtụ apịtị na ọdọ mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shahin&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shahin|first=Mamdouh|title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin|date=1985|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9780444424334|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC|language=en|accessdate=5 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe idei mmiri gasịrị, ọdọ mmiri Sobat River na-ebu nnukwu mmiri mmiri, na-agbakwụnye nke ukwuu na agba ọcha nke Naịl Ọcha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426|title=Sobat River|accessdate=21 January 2008|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site n'obodo Malakal nke abụọ dị na South Sudan, osimiri ahụ na-asọ nwayọ nwayọ mana ọ naghị apịtị abanye na Sudan, wee ruo n'ebe ugwu ruo Khartoum. N'ala Malakal, Kodok dị, ebe ihe mere na 1898 Fashoda mere, nke gosipụtara njedebe nke Scramble for Africa.

Na Sudan, osimiri ahụ nwetara aha ya na steeti Sudan nke White Nile, tupu ya esonye na nnukwu Blue Nile na Khartoum wee mepụta Osimiri Naịl.

== Ụzọ mmiri dị n'ime ime obodo ==
Osimiri Naịl Ọcha bụ ụzọ mmiri a na-esi aga site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Albert ruo Khartoum site na Ọdọ Mmiri Jebel Aulia. Agbanyeghị, naanị n'etiti Juba na Uganda chọrọ nkwalite ma ọ bụ ọwa mmiri iji mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-agagharị.

N'ime oge ụfọdụ n'afọ, a na-eji mmiri aga osimiri ruo Gambela, Etiopia, na Wau, South Sudan.

== Leekwa ==

* Ndepụta osimiri nke Sudan
* Ndepụta osimiri nke South Sudan

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways]
* [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] Archived 9 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine
* [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes on trucks/loader cranes and pallets can increase efficiency)
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Osimiri Naịl Ọcha (Arabic: النيل الأبيض ''an-nīl al-'abyaḍ'') bụ osimiri dị n'Ebe Ugwu na Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka. Ọ dị obere obere, mana ọ dị ogologo (ma gbasawanye ma dịkwa omimi), n'ime nnukwu mmiri abụọ nke Osimiri Naịl, nke buru ibu bụ Osimiri Naịl Blue. Aha &quot;Ọcha&quot; sitere na ájá ụrọ e ji mmiri buo nke na-eme ka mmiri ahụ dị ka agba na-acha ọcha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foVRAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=clay&amp;pg=PA362|title=The New American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Volume 12|date=1867|accessdate=30 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ihe doro anya, &quot;Nsi Nile Ọcha&quot; na-ezo aka n'osimiri e guzobere n'Ọdọ Mmiri No, na njikọta nke Osimiri Bahr al Jabal na Bahr el Ghazal. N'ụzọ sara mbara, &quot;Nlaị ọcha&quot; na-ezo aka n'akụkụ niile nke osimiri na-asọpụta site na Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria ruo na njikọta ya na Blue Nile: &quot;Nlaị Victoria&quot; site na Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria site na Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga bụbụ &quot;Albert Nile&quot; ruo ókèala South Sudan, wee ruo &quot;Ugwu Naịl&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Bahr-al-Jabal&quot; ruo ọdọ mmiri nke No.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dumont|first=Henri J.|title=The Nile: Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use|date=2009|pages=344–345|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9781402097263|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF_U1NoknHoC&amp;q=Kyoga&amp;pg=PA345|accessdate=30 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot; aịle ike ịgụnye isi mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria, nke kachasị dị anya bụ kilomita 3,700 (maịlụ 2,300) site na Osimiri Blue.&lt;ref name=&quot;abc-clio&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Penn|first=James R.|title=Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook|date=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781576070420|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&amp;q=Luvironza&amp;pg=PA299|accessdate=30 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:White_and_Blue_Nile-en.svg|thumb|Maapụ na-egosi Osimiri Ọcha na Osimiri Naịl Anụnụ Naịl Anụnụ Naịl dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka.]]

== Usoro ọmụmụ ==

=== Isi mmiri ===
[[Faịlụ:RusumoFalls2.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Rusumo Falls]]
Osimiri Kagera, nke na-asọba n'ime ọdọ mmiri Victoria dị nso n'obodo Tanzania nke Bukoba, bụ osimiri kachasị ogologo maka nri ọdọ mmiri Victoria, ọ bụ ezie na isi mmalite ekwekọrịtaghị na nke bụ mmiri kachasị ogologo nke Kagera, nke bụkwa isi iyi kachasị anya nke Naịl.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=McLeay|first=cam|date=2 July 2006|title=The truth about the source of R. Nile|work=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/459/507212|accessdate=4 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; A pụrụ iwere isi iyi nke Naịl dị ka Ruvyironza, nke na-apụta na Bururi Province, Burundi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html|title=Nile River|accessdate=5 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110025022/http://www.egyptattraction.com/nile-river-egypt.html|archivedate=10 January 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; (nke dịdebere Bukirasaz), ma ọ bụ Nyabarongo, nke si n’ọhịa Nyungwe na Rwanda na-asọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|work=BBC News|date=31 March 2006|title=Team reaches Nile's 'true source'|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/hampshire/4864782.stm|accessdate=4 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Osimiri abụọ a na-azụ ihe na-ezukọ n'akụkụ Rusumo Falls n'ókè dị n'etiti Rwanda na Tanzania. A maara mmiri ndị a maka ihe omume mere n'etiti 28-29 Eprel 1994, mgbe mmadụ 250,000 si Rwanda gafere àkwà mmiri Rusumo na-abanye n'ime Ngara, Tanzania, n'ime awa 24, n'ihe Kọmishọna Ukwu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Maka Ndị Gbara Ọsọ Ndụ kpọrọ &quot;mpụga ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ kachasị ukwuu na nke kachasị ọsọ n'oge a&quot;. Kagera bụ akụkụ nke ókèala Rwanda-Tanzania na Tanzania-Uganda tupu ọ banye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria.

=== Na Uganda ===
[[Faịlụ:Flipping_raft_in_Bujagali_falls,_Uganda.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Rafter na-efegharị n'ime Mmiri Bujagali dị nso n'ọnụ ọnụ mmiri Victoria Nile]]
Aha osimiri ọcha dị na Uganda bụ &quot;Victoria Nile&quot; site na Lake Victoria site na Lake Kyoga ruo Lake Albert, wee bụrụ &quot;Albert Nile&quot; site na ebe ahụ ruo ókèala ya na South Sudan.

==== Victoria Nile ====
[[Faịlụ:Victoria_Nile_River,_Uganda_(15235696844).jpg|thumb|Victoria Nile, Uganda]]
Osimiri Victoria na-amalite site na nsọtụ ọdọ mmiri Victoria, na Jinja, Uganda, n'ụsọ oké osimiri ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fishery&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Issue 18, Volume 1|year=1990|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]], United Nations|isbn=92-5-102983-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&amp;pg=PA291|author=vanden Bossche|first=J.-P.|accessdate=4 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ala ala site na Ọdụ Ike Nalubaale na Ọdụ Ike Kiira dị na nsọtụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ, osimiri ahụ gafere Mmiri Mmiri Bujagali (ebe ọdụ ọkụ Bujagali dị) ihe dị ka kilomita iri na ise (mile itoolu na ọkara) site na Jinja. Osimiri ahụ na-asọga n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ site na Uganda ruo Lake Kyoga dị n'etiti obodo ahụ, wee si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo Lake Albert.

Na Karuma Falls, osimiri ahụ na-asọ n'okpuru àkwà mmiri Karuma (2°14'45.40°N 32°15'9.05&quot;E) n'akụkụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Murchison Falls National Park. N'oge ọtụtụ nnupụisi nke Lord's Resistance Army, Karuma Bridge, nke e wuru na 1963 iji nyere ndị na-emepụta owu aka, bụ ebe kacha mkpa n'ụzọ na-aga Gulu, ebe ụgbọala gbakọtara n'ime ndị agha tupu e nye ha ndị agha iso ha gaa ebe ikpeazụ ha ga-agbaga n'ebe ugwu. Na afọ 2009, gọọmentị Uganda kwupụtara atụmatụ ha ịrụ ọrụ ike mmiri nke nwere ike megawatt 750, ọtụtụ kilomita n'ebe ugwu nke àkwà mmiri ahụ, nke e mere atụmatụ imecha na 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uganda To Increase Capacity of Electricity Project|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508|first=Hereward|author=Holland|date=8 May 2009|accessdate=18 April 2014|work=[[Reuters]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/08/uganda-energy-idAFL8103159920090508|archivedate=19 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ akụ ụwa kwadoro inye obere ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik nke nwere ike megawatt 200, mana Uganda họọrọ ọrụ buru ibu karị, nke ndị Uganda ga-akwụ ụgwọ n'ime obodo ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Joe|author=Wacha|publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online|url=http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967|date=29 October 2011|accessdate=18 April 2014|title=Uganda Oil Money to Finance Karuma Power Project|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419041625/http://www.ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=37967|archivedate=19 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tupu ha abanye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Albert, a kpọchiri osimiri ahụ n'ime ụzọ dị mita asaa n'obosara na Murchison Falls, nke na-egosi na ọ banyere n'alaka ọdịda anyanwụ nke East Africa Rift. Osimiri ahụ wee banye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Albert nke dị n'akụkụ Ugwu Blue dị na Democratic Republic of the Congo.

A na-akpọkwa akụkụ osimiri site na Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga ruo Ọdọ Mmiri Albert &quot;Nịl Kyoga&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Indian Journal of International Law: Official Organ of the Indian Society of International Law|date=1980|publisher=M.K. Nawaz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoEvAQAAIAAJ|language=en|accessdate=5 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Albert Nile ====
[[Faịlụ:A_track_and_pedestrians_cross_the_Albert_Nile_bridge_in_Northern_Uganda.jpg|thumb|Àkwà mmiri dị na Albert Nile]]
A na-akpọ osimiri ahụ nke na-asọpụta site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Albert n'ebe ugwu &quot;Albert Nile&quot;. Ọ na-ekewa mpaghara dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Ọdịda Anyanwụ nke Uganda na mba ndị ọzọ dị na mba ahụ. Àkwà mmiri gafere Albert Nile dị nso n'ọnụ ụzọ mbata ya na Mpaghara Nebbi, mana arụbeghị àkwà mmiri ọzọ n'elu akụkụ a. Ụgbọ mmiri na-ejikọ ụzọ dị n'etiti Adjumani na Moyo, ma ọ bụghị ya, a na-eji obere ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri eme njem n'osimiri ahụ.

=== Na mba Saụt Sudan na mba Sudan ===
[[Faịlụ:Zusammenfluss_der_Nile.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb|Njikọta nke Osimiri Blue na White dị nso na Khartoum]]
Site n'ebe osimiri ahụ si Uganda bata na South Sudan, osimiri ahụ na-abanye n'okpuru aha &quot;Ugwu Naịl&quot;. Site n'Ọdọ Mmiri No na South Sudan, osimiri ahụ ghọrọ &quot;Nsi Mmiri Ọcha&quot; n'ụzọ siri ike, ya mere ọ na-aga n'ebe ugwu ruo Sudan ebe ọ na-akwụsị na njikọ ya na Blue Nile.

==== Ugwu Naịl ====
[[Faịlụ:White_Nile_River_(30741802592).jpg|thumb|Osimiri ọcha Naịl nke Uganda]]
Site na Nimule dị na South Sudan, nke dị nso na ókèala ya na Uganda, a na-akpọ osimiri ahụ &quot;Ugwu Naịl&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Baḥr al-Jabal&quot; (nke bụkwa &quot;Baḥr el-Jebel&quot;,), n'ụzọ nkịtị &quot;Osimiri Ugwu&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Osimiri Ugwu&quot;.[14] A maara steeti ndịda Sudan nke Central Equatoria nke osimiri ahụ na-esi na ya agafe dị ka Bahr al-Jabal ruo 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Southern Sudan Bahr al-Jabal State changes name|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073|work=[[Sudan Tribune]]|date=16 April 2006|accessdate=4 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004191445/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article15073|archivedate=4 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akụkụ ndịda nke osimiri ahụ gafere ọtụtụ mmiri mmiri tupu ọ ruo n'ala dị larịị nke Sudan na nnukwu apịtị dị n'okpuru mmiri. Ọ na-aga n'Ọdọ Mmiri No, ebe ọ na-ejikọta na Bahr el Ghazal wee mepụta Osimiri Naịl Ọcha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parsons&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Parsons|first=Ellen C.|title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa|date=1905|publisher=Macmillan Company|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281|language=en|accessdate=5 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=The Source of the Nile: Rwenzori Mountains National Park |date=16 June 2010 |url=http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |language=en |access-date=2020-08-20 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803182239/http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-1472 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Osimiri anabranch nke a na-akpọ Bahr el Zeraf na-asọpụta site na Bahr al-Jabal na Sudd, wee banye na White Nile. Ugwu Naịl na-asọpụta site na obere ndagwurugwu na n'elu ọtụtụ mmiri mmiri nke gụnyere Fula (Fola) Rapids.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nile River (Mountain) {{!}} Waterbodies.org|url=http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain|accessdate=2020-08-20|work=www.waterbodies.org|language=en|archivedate=21 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021185241/http://www.waterbodies.org/waterbody/nile-river-mountain}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|thumb|Mmiri Naịl ọcha na Naịl nke na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-ejikọ aka na Khartoum, isi obodo nke Sudan.]]

==== Ebe kwesịrị ekwesị maka Nile Ọcha ====
Nye ụfọdụ ndị, Osimiri Ọcha na-amalite site na njikọ nke Ugwu Naịl na Bahr el Ghazal na Ọdọ Mmiri No.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parsons&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Parsons|first=Ellen C.|title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa|date=1905|publisher=Macmillan Company|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281|language=en|accessdate=5 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ Mmiri White Nile dị kilomita 120 nke na-asọga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ site n'Ọdọ Mmiri No ruo n'ọnụ Sobat dị nro ma na-ejide ọtụtụ apịtị na ọdọ mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shahin&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shahin|first=Mamdouh|title=Hydrology of the Nile Basin|date=1985|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=9780444424334|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhRHvYmTPqQC|language=en|accessdate=5 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe idei mmiri gasịrị, ọdọ mmiri Sobat River na-ebu nnukwu mmiri mmiri, na-agbakwụnye nke ukwuu na agba ọcha nke Naịl Ọcha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.library.eb.com/eb/article-9068426|title=Sobat River|accessdate=21 January 2008|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site n'obodo Malakal nke abụọ dị na South Sudan, osimiri ahụ na-asọ nwayọ nwayọ mana ọ naghị apịtị abanye na Sudan, wee ruo n'ebe ugwu ruo Khartoum. N'ala Malakal, Kodok dị, ebe ihe mere na 1898 Fashoda mere, nke gosipụtara njedebe nke Scramble for Africa.

Na Sudan, osimiri ahụ nwetara aha ya na steeti Sudan nke White Nile, tupu ya esonye na nnukwu Blue Nile na Khartoum wee mepụta Osimiri Naịl.

== Ụzọ mmiri dị n'ime ime obodo ==
Osimiri Naịl Ọcha bụ ụzọ mmiri a na-esi aga site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Albert ruo Khartoum site na Ọdọ Mmiri Jebel Aulia. Agbanyeghị, naanị n'etiti Juba na Uganda chọrọ nkwalite ma ọ bụ ọwa mmiri iji mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-agagharị.

N'ime oge ụfọdụ n'afọ, a na-eji mmiri aga osimiri ruo Gambela, Etiopia, na Wau, South Sudan.

== Leekwa ==

* Ndepụta osimiri nke Sudan
* Ndepụta osimiri nke South Sudan

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://atlas.nilebasin.org/treatise/inland-waterway-transport/ Nile inland Waterways]
* [https://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/2.5+South+Sudan+Waterways+Assessment South Sudan Waterway Assessment] Archived 9 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine
* [https://content.unops.org/publications/South-Sudan-River-Barge-System-Feasibility-Report-2018.pdf?mtime=20180309110200 Feasibility study river barge system] (Cranes on trucks/loader cranes and pallets can increase efficiency)
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1322396849|Geothermal activity]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:S04_130_Solfatara,_Fumarole.jpg|alt=A rocky surface with a mound centrally in the image. The mound has holes in the top. Surrounding rocks have been stained orange and yellow. There is smoke or steam rising from the top.|thumb|280x280px|A fumarole na crater Solfatara, oroma na odo na-acha site na mineral ndị anwụrụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-etinye ka ha na-ajụ oyi na okpomọkụ gburugburu.]]
Ọrụ geothermal bụ otu usoro nnyefe okpomọkụ sitere n'okike, na-eme n'elu ụwa, nke sitere na ọnụnọ nke okpomọkụ karịrị akarị n'okpuru ala nke ebe ahụ metụtara, nke na-abụkarị site na ọnụnị nke igneous intrusion n'okpuru ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;geot&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|language=ru|url=http://geotherm.ginras.ru/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|title=Лаборатория тепломассопереноса // Геологический институт РАН|work=geotherm.ginras.ru|accessdate=2023-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ geothermal nwere ike igosipụta onwe ya n'ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche, gụnyere, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, okpomọkụ dị elu, ụdị dị iche iche nke ọrụ hydrothermal, na ọnụnọ nke fumaroles nke na-ewepụta gas ọkụ.

== Physics ndabere ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Ọrụ okpomọkụ dị n'ime ala na-apụtakarị n'ógbè ndị nwere ugwu mgbawa, ebe ọ na-akwalite ya site na ọnụnọ nke ụlọ magma. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọ nwere ike ịbụ ọkụ dị n'okpuru ala ma ọ bụ nnukwu ihe ndị na-eme ka redioaktivu jupụta. Isi mmalite ndị ọzọ nke ikpo ọkụ dị n'ime nwere ike ịbụ ọdịiche ndọda nke ihe, esemokwu mmiri, mgbanwe, ma ọ bụ mgbanwe nke usoro. Mwepụ nke okpomọkụ n'elu na-eme ma n'ụdị mmiri okpomọkụ na-eduzi, ma ọ bụ n'ụdị mbufe okpomọkụ convective site na mmiri ma ọ bụ gas.[1]...
[[Faịlụ:11-Sol-de-la-Manana-nX-16.jpg|alt=A pool of greyish-blue bubbling sludge surrounded by rocks and steam|thumb|280x280px|ite apịtị na Sol de Mañana Hydrothermal field, [[Bolivia]]. Agba odo n'ime ala na-esite na sulfur deposits.]]

== Ụdị ọrụ geothermal ==

=== Fumaroles na ikuku ===
Fumaroles, ma ọ bụ oghere mgbawa ugwu, bụ oghere dị n'ala ebe uzuoku na gas na-esi na ya apụta na mbara igwe. Ebe ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru okpomọkụ na-adịkarị n'elu ụlọ magma na-arụ ọrụ, nke na-ewepụta gas ọkụ mgbe niile nke na-aga n'elu site na oghere dị n'ime nkume. Ebe oghere ndị a na-eru elu ha na-emepụta fumaroles. A maara ebe oghere ndị a dị ka ubi Fumarole. Fumaroles na-etolite nnukwu ihe nke mineral sulfuric, nke na-ada site na nkwụsịtụ mgbe gas mgbawa ugwu jụrụ oyi na ikuku.[1]

=== Ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ ===
Ice cauldrons bụ ihe na-eme mgbe okpomọkụ na-emetụta ice cap, ma ọ bụ site na mgbawa ugwu ma ọ bụ mmepụta okpomọkụ dị n'ihu site na mpaghara geothermal na-arụ ọrụ. Ice cauldrons nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ ọdịdị dị iche iche. Ihe ndị a sitere na oghere dị nro n'ime ice cap ruo n'oghere miri emi nwere mgbidi dị elu nke mgbanaka dị n'etiti. Obosara nke ice cauldrons nwere ike ịdị site na mita 50 ruo ihe dị ka kilomita 10, ebe omimi nwere ike ịdị na ọtụtụ mita ruo ọtụtụ narị mita. Ọdịdị nke olulu ahụ nwere ike iguzosi ike ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu, ọ nweghịkwa njikọ na ọdịdị nke isi iyi okpomọkụ.

== Ọrụ okpomọkụ mmiri ==
Okpomọkụ na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala nwere ike imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ọtụtụ ụzọ.

=== Mmiri na-esi ísì ụtọ ===
[[Faịlụ:Great_Geysir_(2).jpg|alt=A green landscape with a platform of grey rock. steam is rising from a pool or hole in the middle of the platform|thumb|280x280px|Geysir, a geyser na Iceland, aha a na-akpọ ihe omume ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=geyser {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of geyser by etymonline|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/geyser|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=www.etymonline.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Geysers are the most well known hydrothermal feature. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; They occur when groundwater in underground cavities becomes superheated under a lid of colder surface water. When the superheated water breaches the surface, it flashes to steam, causing the pressure below it to suddenly drop, which causes a chain reaction where most of the water in the geyser's feed system flashes to steam all at once.

E nwere ụdị isi mmiri abụọ. Mmiri iyi, nke na-agbawa n'oké mgbawa site na ọdọ mmiri, na mmiri mmiri, nke na'ime mmiri na-agbanye n'ime mmiri ruo nkeji ole na ole site na ihe sinter nke silicon nke a debere gburugburu isi ikuku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|title=Hydrothermal Features - Yellowstone National Park|url=https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/kidsyouth/hydrothermal.htm|accessdate=2023-04-02|work=www.nps.gov|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Isi iyi na ite apịtị ===
[[Faịlụ:Wai-o-tapu_panorama.jpg|alt=A crystal-clear pool with a bright yellow bottom. Where the water is deeper the bottom seems more green or blue. In the background, where the water of the first pool turns red, there is a raised rim surrounding a smaller bright-blue pool, which steams heavily. The pools have white beaches and are surrounded by a pine forest|thumb|464x464px|Isi iyi abụọ dị na Waiotapu, New Zealand, na Palette nke onye na-ese ihe n'ihu, na Champagne Pool kpọmkwem n'azụ ya n'azụ. ]]
N'ebe ndị ọzọ, mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na-ekpo ọkụ na-agbakọta n'ọdọ mmiri, na-emepụta isi iyi na-ekwo ọkụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=O'Banion|first=K.|date=1980-07-14|title=Geothermal energy and the land resource: conflicts and constraints in The Geysers-Calistoga KGRA|doi=10.2172/6817678|url=https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6817678|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe obere mmiri dị n'okpuru ala dị, mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-arị elu na njikọta ya na ọrụ microbial na-eduga n'ịmepụta ite apịtị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Dahlquist|first=G. R.|date=2016-12-01|title=What's in the mud?: Water-rock-microbe interactions in thermal mudpots and springs|journal=AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.B21E0469D|volume=2016|pages=B21E–0469}}&lt;/ref&gt; Omume nke ite apịtị ndị a nwere ike ịdịgasị iche na okirikiri oge dabere na ọdịiche dị na mmiri ozuzo na ọkwa nke tebụl mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mudpots - Old Faithful Virtual Visitor Center|url=https://www.nps.gov/features/yell/ofvec/exhibits/treasures/thermals/mudpots/mudpotseasons.htm|accessdate=2023-04-21|work=www.nps.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lynch|first=D. K.|date=2008-08-01|title=The Wister Mud Pot Lineament: Southeastward Extension or Abandoned Strand of the San Andreas Fault?|url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/bssa/article/98/4/1720-1729/341930|journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America|language=en|volume=98|issue=4|pages=1720–1729|doi=10.1785/0120070252|issn=0037-1106}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbawa nke mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ ===
Mgbawa hydrothermal na-eme mgbe mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na-enweghị ike iru n'elu, na-eme ka nrụgide dị n'okpuru ala rịa elu ruo mgbe a ruru ebe dị oke egwu ma mee mgbawa, na-ewepụ mmiri na-okpo ọkụ na nkume.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hydrothermal Explosions {{!}} U.S. Geological Survey|url=https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yellowstone/hydrothermal-explosions|accessdate=2023-07-18|work=www.usgs.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Geothermal energy - Ike okpomọkụ a na-emepụta ma na-echekwa n'ụwa
* Geothermal gradient - Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okpomọkụ na-abawanye na omimi n'ime ụwa
* Geothermal heating - Ojiji nke ike geothermal maka okpomọkụ
* Geothermal power - Ike sitere na ike okpomọkụ

== Edensibịa ==</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362386051|Hawau Nuru]]&quot;</comment>
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{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Hauwa Nuru
| office              = Commissioner for Finance, Kwara State
| country             = Nigeria
| appointer           = Governor AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq
}}
'''Hauwa Nuru''' (nke a na-akpọkwa ''Hawau Nuru'') bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ego na Naịjirịa, onye na-ahụ maka ọha, na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke na-arụ ọrụ dịka Kọmishọna maka ego na Kwara Steeti, Naịjirịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=IWD: Inspiring and Awards Winning Amazons|url=https://guardian.ng/specials/iwd-inspiring-and-awards-winning-amazons-2/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|date=2026-03-09|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kwara governor inaugurates gender-balanced exco|url=https://guardian.ng/news/kwara-governor-inaugurates-gender-balanced-ex-co-with-record-number-of-female-commissioners/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nwere ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ nke ahụmịhe na ego, ụtụ isi, na njikwa ngalaba ọha na eze n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ onwe na nke ọha.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=IWD: Inspiring and Awards Winning Amazons|url=https://guardian.ng/specials/iwd-inspiring-and-awards-winning-amazons-2/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|date=2026-03-09|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://guardian.ng/specials/iwd-inspiring-and-awards-winning-amazons-2/ &quot;IWD: Inspiring and Awards Winning Amazons&quot;]. ''The Guardian Nigeria''. 2026-03-09&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;leaderbox&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Hauwa Nuru|url=https://leaderbox.africa/leaders/dr-hauwa-nuru|work=Leaderbox Africa|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Hauwa Nuru nwere nzere Master of Business Administration (MBA) na Banking and Finance nakwa nzere Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) nke nwere ọkachamara n'ịchịisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=IWD: Inspiring and Awards Winning Amazons|url=https://guardian.ng/specials/iwd-inspiring-and-awards-winning-amazons-2/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|date=2026-03-09|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://guardian.ng/specials/iwd-inspiring-and-awards-winning-amazons-2/ &quot;IWD: Inspiring and Awards Winning Amazons&quot;]. ''The Guardian Nigeria''. 2026-03-09&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gakwara mmemme ọzụzụ ndị isi na ụlọ ọrụ gụnyere Harvard Business School na Manchester Business School . &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian1&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Nuru nwere ihe karịrị afọ 30 nke ahụmịhe ọkachamara na ụlọ akụ, ego, ụtụ isi, na nchịkwa ọha. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=IWD: Inspiring and Awards Winning Amazons|url=https://guardian.ng/specials/iwd-inspiring-and-awards-winning-amazons-2/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|date=2026-03-09|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://guardian.ng/specials/iwd-inspiring-and-awards-winning-amazons-2/ &quot;IWD: Inspiring and Awards Winning Amazons&quot;]. ''The Guardian Nigeria''. 2026-03-09&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka Onyeisi Ego (Onye njikwa ego) na Eko Electricity Distribution Company, ebe ọ na-ahụ maka ọrụ ego ma na-etinye aka na mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian1&quot; /&gt;

O nweela ọkwa ndị isi n'òtù dị iche iche gafee ngalaba dị iche iche gụnyere ego, ike, na agribusiness.&lt;ref name=&quot;leaderbox&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Hauwa Nuru|url=https://leaderbox.africa/leaders/dr-hauwa-nuru|work=Leaderbox Africa|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://leaderbox.africa/leaders/dr-hauwa-nuru &quot;Dr. Hauwa Nuru&quot;]. ''Leaderbox Africa''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
N'afọ 2023, Gọvanọ AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Kọmishọna na-ahụ maka ego na Kwara Steeti.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kwara governor inaugurates gender-balanced exco|url=https://guardian.ng/news/kwara-governor-inaugurates-gender-balanced-ex-co-with-record-number-of-female-commissioners/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://guardian.ng/news/kwara-governor-inaugurates-gender-balanced-ex-co-with-record-number-of-female-commissioners/ &quot;Kwara governor inaugurates gender-balanced exco&quot;]. ''The Guardian Nigeria''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka onye kọmishọna, ọ keere òkè n'ịkwalite iwu ụtụ isi, imeziwanye nchịkwa ego, na ịkwalite nghọta na ego ọha.&lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Patriotism in Action: The Inspiring Story of Dr. Hauwa Nuru|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2024/04/09/patriotism-in-action-the-inspiring-story-of-dr-hauwa-nuru/|work=[[This Day]]|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;businessday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kwara govt assures investors of enabling environment for businesses|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/kwara-govt-assures-investors-of-enabling-environment-for-businesses/|work=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O tinyekwara aka na mkpebi iwu dị iche iche metụtara ndebanye aha ndị ọrụ, nchịkwa ezumike nká, na ọchịchị ego na steeti ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardiannews&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Unregistered workers to forfeit salary, bonus in Kwara|url=https://guardian.ng/news/unregistered-workers-to-forfeit-salary-bonus-in-kwara/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;leadership&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kwara pensioners to receive gratuities on first-served basis|url=https://leadership.ng/kwara-pensioners-to-receive-gratuities-on-first-served-basis/|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ na mmata ==
Nuru enwetala nkwado maka onyinye ya na njikwa ego ọha na eze na ụtụ isi, gụnyere onyinye sitere na Society of Women in Taxation (SWIT) maka ọrụ ya n'ịkwalite nchịkwa ụtụ isi na ịkwalite idu ndú ụmụ nwanyị.&lt;ref name=&quot;kwara&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Finance Commissioner honoured by Society of Women in Taxation|url=https://www.kwaramoc.com.ng/2025/04/society-for-women-in-taxation-honours.html|work=Kwara State Ministry of Communications|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Hauwa Nuru
| office              = Commissioner for Finance, Kwara State
| country             = Nigeria
| appointer           = Governor AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq
}}
'''Hauwa Nuru''' (nke a na-akpọkwa ''Hawau Nuru'') bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ego na Naịjirịa, onye na-ahụ maka ọha, na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke na-arụ ọrụ dịka Kọmishọna maka ego na Kwara Steeti, Naịjirịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=IWD: Inspiring and Awards Winning Amazons|url=https://guardian.ng/specials/iwd-inspiring-and-awards-winning-amazons-2/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|date=2026-03-09|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kwara governor inaugurates gender-balanced exco|url=https://guardian.ng/news/kwara-governor-inaugurates-gender-balanced-ex-co-with-record-number-of-female-commissioners/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nwere ihe karịrị afọ iri atọ nke ahụmịhe na ego, ụtụ isi, na njikwa ngalaba ọha na eze n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ onwe na nke ọha.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian1&quot; /&gt;{{Cite web|title=IWD: Inspiring and Awards Winning Amazons|url=https://guardian.ng/specials/iwd-inspiring-and-awards-winning-amazons-2/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|date=2026-03-09|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://guardian.ng/specials/iwd-inspiring-and-awards-winning-amazons-2/ &quot;IWD: Inspiring and Awards Winning Amazons&quot;]. ''The Guardian Nigeria''. 2026-03-09&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;leaderbox&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Hauwa Nuru|url=https://leaderbox.africa/leaders/dr-hauwa-nuru|work=Leaderbox Africa|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Hauwa Nuru nwere nzere Master of Business Administration (MBA) na Banking and Finance nakwa nzere Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) nke nwere ọkachamara n'ịchịisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian1&quot; /&gt;{{Cite web|title=IWD: Inspiring and Awards Winning Amazons|url=https://guardian.ng/specials/iwd-inspiring-and-awards-winning-amazons-2/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|date=2026-03-09|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://guardian.ng/specials/iwd-inspiring-and-awards-winning-amazons-2/ &quot;IWD: Inspiring and Awards Winning Amazons&quot;]. ''The Guardian Nigeria''. 2026-03-09&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gakwara mmemme ọzụzụ ndị isi na ụlọ ọrụ gụnyere Harvard Business School na Manchester Business School . &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian1&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Nuru nwere ihe karịrị afọ 30 nke ahụmịhe ọkachamara na ụlọ akụ, ego, ụtụ isi, na nchịkwa ọha. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian1&quot; /&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka Onyeisi Ego (Onye njikwa ego) na Eko Electricity Distribution Company, ebe ọ na-ahụ maka ọrụ ego ma na-etinye aka na mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian1&quot; /&gt;

O nweela ọkwa ndị isi n'òtù dị iche iche gafee ngalaba dị iche iche gụnyere ego, ike, na agribusiness.&lt;ref name=&quot;leaderbox&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
N'afọ 2023, Gọvanọ AbdulRahman AbdulRazaq họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Kọmishọna na-ahụ maka ego na Kwara Steeti.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian2&quot; /&gt;

Dị ka onye kọmishọna, ọ keere òkè n'ịkwalite iwu ụtụ isi, imeziwanye nchịkwa ego, na ịkwalite nghọta na ego ọha.&lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Patriotism in Action: The Inspiring Story of Dr. Hauwa Nuru|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2024/04/09/patriotism-in-action-the-inspiring-story-of-dr-hauwa-nuru/|work=[[This Day]]|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;businessday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kwara govt assures investors of enabling environment for businesses|url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/kwara-govt-assures-investors-of-enabling-environment-for-businesses/|work=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O tinyekwara aka na mkpebi iwu dị iche iche metụtara ndebanye aha ndị ọrụ, nchịkwa ezumike nká, na ọchịchị ego na steeti ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardiannews&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Unregistered workers to forfeit salary, bonus in Kwara|url=https://guardian.ng/news/unregistered-workers-to-forfeit-salary-bonus-in-kwara/|work=The Guardian Nigeria|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;leadership&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kwara pensioners to receive gratuities on first-served basis|url=https://leadership.ng/kwara-pensioners-to-receive-gratuities-on-first-served-basis/|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ na mmata ==
Nuru enwetala nkwado maka onyinye ya na njikwa ego ọha na eze na ụtụ isi, gụnyere onyinye sitere na Society of Women in Taxation (SWIT) maka ọrụ ya n'ịkwalite nchịkwa ụtụ isi na ịkwalite idu ndú ụmụ nwanyị.&lt;ref name=&quot;kwara&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Finance Commissioner honoured by Society of Women in Taxation|url=https://www.kwaramoc.com.ng/2025/04/society-for-women-in-taxation-honours.html|work=Kwara State Ministry of Communications|accessdate=2026-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356628580|Blue Nile]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Osimiri Blue Nile''' bụ osimiri nke malitere na Lake Tana na Etiopia. Ọ na-aga ihe dị ka kilomita 1,450 (mile 900) site na Etiopia na Sudan. Tinyere Osimiri Naịl Ọcha, ọ bụ otu n'ime nnukwu mmiri abụọ nke Osimiri Naịl ma na-enye ihe dịka 85.6% nke mmiri na Osimiri Naịl n'oge mmiri ozuzo.

== Usoro ọmụmụ ==
A kọwala ogologo osimiri ahụ site na isi iyi ya ruo na njikọ ya dị n'etiti kilomita 1,460 na 1,600 (mile 910 na 990). Ihe a nwere ike ịbụ na osimiri ahụ na-asọfe n'ọtụtụ ndagwurugwu ndị a na-apụghị ịbanye n'ime ha nke a gbubiri n'Ugwu Etiopia ruo omimi nke ihe dị ka mita 1,500 (ụkwụ 4,900). Dịka akwụkwọ ndị Central Statistical Agency, otu ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị Etiopia bipụtara si kwuo, Osimiri Blue Nile nwere ogologo zuru oke nke kilomita 1,450 (mi 900), nke kilomita 800 (mi 500) dị n'ime Etiopia.

=== Na Etiopia ===
Osimiri Blue Nile malitere na Gish Abay dị na Sekela na Etiopia (ebe a na-akpọ ya Osimiri Abay). Osimiri ahụ na-asọgakarị n'ebe ndịda tupu ọ banye n'osimiri dị ihe dị ka kilomita 400 (maịlụ 250) n'ogologo, ihe dị ka kilomita 30 (maịlụ 19) site na Ọdọ Mmiri Tana, nke bụ nnukwu ihe mgbochi maka njem na nkwukọrịta n'etiti ugwu na ndịda Etiopia. Ndị otu Britain kpọburu ndagwurugwu ahụ &quot;Grand Canyon&quot; na 1968, wee malite ịgbada osimiri ahụ site na Lake Tana ruo na njedebe nke ndagwurugwu ahụ; u rafting osimiri ndị sochirinụ kpọrọ ya &quot;Grand Canyon nke Naịl&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzx5qS4AvzwC&amp;dq=%22Grand+Canyon+of+the+Nile%22&amp;pg=PA37|title=Breakthroughs: An Integrated Advanced English Program|first=Marina|author=Engelking|date=15 April 2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-542738-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; TheMmiri Blue Nile (Amharic: Tis Abay, nke pụtara &quot;ọkụ dị mma&quot;), otu n'ime ebe ndị njem nleta kachasị na Etiopia, dị na mmalite nke ndagwurugwu ahụ

Osimiri ahụ na-agbagharị gafee ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Etiopia tupu ọtụtụ mmiri dị n'etiti ọdọ mmiri Tana na ókèala Etiopia-Sudan na-enye ya nri. Ndị nọ n'akụkụ aka ekpe ya, n'usoro ala, gụnyere Osimiri Wanqa, Osimiri Bashilo, Osimiri Walaqa, Osimiri Wanchet, Osimiri Jamma, Osimiri Muger, Osimiri Guder, Osimiri Agwel, Osimiri Nedi, Osimiri Didessa na Osimiri Dabus. Ndị nọ n'akụkụ aka nri, dịkwa n'usoro ala, gụnyere Handassa, Tul, Abaya, Sade, Tammi, Cha, Shita, Suha, Muga, Gulla, Temcha, Bachat, Katlan, Jiba, Chamoga, Weter na Beles.

=== Na Sudan ===
[[Faịlụ:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|alt=|thumb|Foto satịlaịtị nke ebe White na Blue Nile jikọtara ọnụ]]
Osimiri Blue Nile na-aga n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ ruo Sudan. Ọ na-aga ihe dị ka kilomita 650 (mile 400), na-agafe Er Roseires wee nata Osimiri Dinder n'akụkụ aka nri ya na Dinder. Na Khartoum, Osimiri Blue Nile na-esonye na Osimiri White Nile, dịka Osimiri Nile si dị, ọ na-agafe Ijipt ruo Oké Osimiri Mediterenian na Alexandria.

== Mmiri mmiri ==
[[Faịlụ:Zusammenfluss_der_Nile.JPG|alt=|thumb|Njikọta nke osimiri Naịl Blue na White dị nso Khartoum, isi obodo Sudan]]
Mmiri nke Osimiri Blue Nile na-eru oke kachasị n'oge mmiri ozuzo site na June ruo Septemba, mgbe ọ na-enye 80–86% nke mmiri nke Osimiri Nile kwesịrị ekwesị. Osimiri ahụ bụ isi iyi nke idei mmiri nke Naịl n'Ijipt nke nyere aka mee ka Ndagwurugwu Naịl dị mma ma mee ka akụkọ ifo Ijipt oge ochie na nke ndị Ijipt pụta ìhè. Mgbe e mechara mmiri Aswan na 1970, idei mmiri ndị a kwụsịrị ime na ala Ijipt. N'oge ọkọchị, mmiri ozuzo, idei mmiri Blue Nile, na-ebibi nnukwu ala na-eme nri site na Ugwu Etiopia ma na-ebuga ya n'ala dị ka ájá, na-eme ka mmiri ahụ gbaa ọchịchịrị ma ọ bụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ aja aja ma ọ bụ ojii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Its Origin, Falls, and Gorge|url=http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820192901/http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm|archivedate=20 August 2015|accessdate=11 October 2015|publisher=Dinknesh Ethiopia Tour}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Osimiri Naịl dị oke mkpa maka ndụ Ijipt: dịka akụkụ kachasị mkpa nke Naịl, ọ na-enye ihe karịrị 85% nke mmiri Naịl. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị mkpụmkpụ karịa Naịl Ọcha, pasentị iri ise na itoolu nke mmiri ruru Ijipt sitere n'ugwu Etiopia site na Naịl Anụnụ. Osimiri ahụ bụkwa ebe dị mkpa maka Sudan, ebe Roseires Dam na Sennar Dam na-enye aka na pasentị iri asatọ nke mmepụta ọkụ eletrik mba ahụ site na ike mmiri. Ọdọ mmiri ndị a na-enyekwa aka ịgba mmiri n'ime atụmatụ Gezira, nke a ma ama maka oke mma ya dị elu nke owu, yana mmepụta ihe ubi wit na nri anụmanụ n'ógbè ahụ.

Na Nọvemba afọ 2012, Etiopia malitere iwu mgbidi mmiri Grand Ethiopia Renaissance Dam, nke nwere ike megawatt 6000 n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ. A na-atụ anya na ọdọ mmiri ahụ ga-eme ka akụnụba Etiopia dịkwuo mma. Ma, mba Sudan na mba Ijipt kwupụtara nchegbu ha gbasara mbelata mmiri dị.[6] Mmepụta ọkụ eletrik malitere na Febụwarị 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60451702|title=Ethiopia starts generating power from River Nile dam|work=BBC News|date=20 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Faịlụ:Completed_new_Sebara_Dildiy_bridge.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Àkwà mmiri nkwụsịtụ nke dị n'elu Osimiri Naịl Blue. Ọ bụ naanị àkwà mmiri eriri ndị na-eje ije na-agafe Osimiri Naịl Blue na Etiopia.]]
[[Faịlụ:Bridges_across_the_Blue_Nile_Gorge.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Naịl Blue dị na Etiopia.]]
Ijipt Egwna-atụ egwu Etiopia nwere ike igbochi Blue Nile bụ isi ihe kpatara mmekọrịta dị ogologo ma dị mgbagwoju anya dị n'etiti Etiopia na Ijipt. WhiỌ bụ ezie na Ijipt tụkwasịrị Etiopia obi maka mmiri ya, Etiopia dabere na Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate nke Alexandria maka ikike nna ochie na nhọpụta nke obodo ukwu yahiNjikọta a emeela ka ihe ndị mere kemgbe narị afọ nke iri na otuorRuo ọtụtụ narị afọ, iyi egwu nke igbochi Osimiri Blue Nile bụ atụmatụ dị irè iji hụ na a họpụtara ndị isi obodo Ijipt. Agbanyeghị, n'ọrụ, a nwaghị ịgbanwe mmiri osimiri ahụ ma ọ bụ iji ya mee ihe n'ụzọ buru ibu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Uhlig|first=Siegbert|title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C|date=2003|pages=27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nsogbu mbụ pụtara n'oge ọchịchị Eze Zagwe Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, onye ndị Ijipt chere na ọ na-agbalị ịtụgharị osimiri ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na alaeze ya eruteghị Osimiri Naịl Anụnụ. Ọ bụ Eze Ukwu Amda Seyon nke Mbụ buru ụzọ biri na mpaghara Blue Nile wee malite ịgbasa Iso Ụzọ Kraịst ebe ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Uhlig|first=Siegbert|title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C|date=2003|pages=27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị Eze Ukwu nke usoro ndị eze Solomon, ọkachasị Dawit nke Abụọ, Yeshaq nke Mbụ, na Zara Yaqob, gara n'ihu na-ekwusi ike na ọchịchị Etiopia dị n'osimiri ahụ dịka ngwa ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ha mekwara ka echiche a sikwuo ike n'okwu okpukpe, na-akọwapụta Blue Nile na Gihon nke dị na Baịbụl ma na-agbanwe Tammera Maryam ka o wee kwado ikike ha nwere n'elu mmiri. Akụkọ ifo ndị Yuropu oge ochie gbasara Etiopia dị ike nke Ndị Kraịst nke na-enyere aka na mbibi nke Alakụba mere ka mkpa nke Blue Nile dị na mmekọrịta Ethio-Egypt dịkwuo elu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Uhlig|first=Siegbert|title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C|date=2003|pages=27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye mbụ a maara na Yuropu hụrụ Osimiri Naịl Naịl Blue na Etiopia, ebe osimiri ahụ si bịa, bụ Pedro Páez, onye Spen bụ Jesuit nke rutere n'isi iyi osimiri ahụ na 21 Eprel 1618. Agbanyeghị, João Bermudes, onye Portugal, onye kpọrọ onwe ya &quot;Patriarch nke Etiopia&quot;, nyere nkọwa mbụ nke Tis Abay River Falls n'akwụkwọ ncheta ya nke e bipụtara na 1565, na ọtụtụ ndị Yuropu bi na Etiopia na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 15 dịka Pêro da Covilhã gaara ahụ osimiri ahụ ogologo oge tupu Páez, mana ha eruteghị ebe o si bịa. Onye ozi ala ọzọ nke ndị Pọtugal bụ́ Jerónimo Lobo, onye na-eme nchọpụta na Scotland, rutere ebe Osimiri Naịl si apụta n'afọ 1629, na 1770, onye nchọpụta na Scotland bụ́ James Bruce ruru ya.

Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nchọpụta Yuropu chere echiche ịchọpụta ụzọ Osimiri Naịl site na njikọ Blue Nile na White Nile ruo n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana, Ọwa Mmiri Blue Nile emeghị ka mgbalị niile ghara isi ike kemgbe Frédéric Cailliaud gbalịrị ime ya n'afọ 1821. Onye America bụ́ W.W. Macmillan mere mgbalị mbụ siri ike nke onye na-abụghị onye obodo iji chọpụta ókè osimiri a ruru n'ókèala ya na 1902, onye nchọpụta nke mba Norway bụ́ B.H. Jenssen nyeere aka; Jenssen si Khartoum gbagoo n'elu osimiri ebe Macmillan si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana gbadaa. Agbanyeghị, ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahụ gbachiri ụgbọ mmiri Jenssen n'ebe dị nso n'ókèala Sudan na Etiopia, ụgbọ mmiri Macmillan gbawara obere oge ka e buliri ha. Macmillan gbara Jenssen ume ka ọ gbalịa ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri site na Khartoum ọzọ na 1905, mana a manyere ya ịkwụsị kilomita 500 (maịlụ 300) site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana. Robert Cheesman, onye dere ihe ijuanya ya mgbe ọ bịarutere Etiopia mgbe ọ chọpụtara na mmiri dị n'elu nke &quot;otu n'ime osimiri kachasị ama ama n'ụwa, otu onye ndị ochie maara aha ya nke ọma&quot; n'oge ndụ ya &quot;e ji ahịrị ntụpọ mara ya na map ahụ&quot;, nwere ike ịse foto nke elu nke Blue Nile n'etiti 1925 na 1933. O mere nke a ọ bụghị site n'ịso osimiri ahụ n'akụkụ ya na site n'ọwara mmiri ya a na-apụghị ịgafe agafe kama site n'ịgbaso ya site n'ugwu dị n'elu, na-eji ịnyịnya ibu aga ihe dị ka kilomita 8,000 (maịlụ 5,000) n'akụkụ obodo dị nso.

N'afọ 1950 na 1960, ọtụtụ ndị na-anya kayak na-agbagharị n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ndagwurugwu ahụ. Na 1968, dịka Haile Selassie si kwuo, otu ndị agha na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị dị mmadụ iri isii nke ndị Britain na ndị Etiopia batara n'osimiri ahụ site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana ruo ebe dị nso n'ókèala Sudan nke onye nchọpụta bụ́ John Blashford-Snell duziri. Ndị otu ahụ jiri ụgbọ mmiri Avon Inflatables nke e wuru n'ụzọ pụrụ iche ma gbanwee ụgbọ mmiri mwakpo ndị e ji aka ha mee iji kwọọ ụgbọ mmiri ndị dị egwu. Njem ụgbọ mmiri ndị sochirinụ n'afọ 1970 na 1980 na-ekpuchi naanị akụkụ nke ndagwurugwu osimiri ahụ.

Na 1999, onye edemede bụ Virginia Morell &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp|title=Blue Nile: Ethiopia's River of Magic and Mystery - Bookreporter.com|work=bookreporter.com|accessdate=3 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608171628/http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp|archivedate=8 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye na-ese foto Nevada Wier mere njem ahụ site n'ụgbọ mmiri si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana gaa Sudan, na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara njem ha mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/|title=Blue Nile @ nationalgeographic.com|publisher=Ngm.nationalgeographic.com|accessdate=27 January 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006021132/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/|archivedate=6 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2000, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ akụkọ American na National Geographic, Kenneth Frantz, hụrụ foto Nevada Wier sere maka National Geographic nke ga-eme ka ọ chọta ụlọ ọrụ ebere ahụ. Foto a gosiri àkwà mmiri gbawara agbawa n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ebe mmadụ iri nọ n'akụkụ abụọ nke ogwe ahụ gbawara agbawa na-adọkpụ ibe ha site na iji eriri. Eze Ukwu Fasilides wuru àkwà mmiri akụkọ ihe mere eme a n'ihe dị ka afọ 1660 site n'iji teknụzụ àkwà mmiri ndị Rom wetara Etiopia site n'aka ndị agha Portugal n'oge agha ha na ndị Alakụba wakporo na 1507.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Baynes|first=Thomas Spencer|title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, Volume 1|year=1838|publisher=Henry G. Allen and Company|edition=Ninth|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TKcMAAAAYAAJ|chapter=Abyssinia}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2001 na 2009, ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo Bridges to Prosperity si mba Amerịka gaa rụzie àkwà mmiri gbawara agbawa n'ofe Osimiri Blue Nile wee mechaa wuo àkwà mmiri ọhụrụ nke na-anaghị emetụta ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/|title=Envisioning a world where poverty caused by rural isolation no longer exists|publisher=Bridges to Prosperity|accessdate=27 January 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112041000/http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/|archivedate=12 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 28 Eprel 2004, ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ala Pasquale Scaturro na onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ, onye na-eme kayak na onye na-eme ihe nkiri ihe nkiri Gordon Brown, ghọrọ ndị mbụ a maara iji mmiri na-agagharị na Blue Nile n'ozuzu ya. Ọ bụ ezie na njem ha gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, Brown na Scaturro bụ naanị ndị fọdụrụ na njem ahụ dum. Ha jiri igwefoto IMAX na kamera vidiyo abụọ ejiri aka dee akụkọ banyere njem ha, na-akọ akụkọ ha na fim ahụ bụ Mystery of the Nile na n'akwụkwọ nwere otu aha ahụ.

Na ụbọchị iri abụọ na itoolu nke ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2005, onye Canada bụ Les Jickling na onye otu ya bụ Mark Tanner, onye New Zealand, mechara njem mbụ nke Blue Nile na Nile zuru oke site n'aka mmadụ na Sudan na Egypt. Njem ha nke karịrị kilomita 5,000 (maịlụ 3,100) were ọnwa ise wee gaa njem site na Etiopia, Sudan, na Ijipt. Ha kọrọ na ha ji ụgbọ mmiri gafee ebe agha obodo, ebe a maara maka ndị ohi, ma hụkwa ọtụtụ ihe egwu na ọsọ ọsọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm|title=Department - Alumni Association|work=web.uvic.ca|accessdate=1 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202121003/http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm|archivedate=2 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* Ndepụta osimiri Etiopia
* Ndepụta osimiri nke Sudan 

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070506010335/http://www.aber.ac.uk/quaternary/tana/ The Tana Project]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080512003609/http://www.niletrip.com/ Paddling the Blue Nile]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Osimiri Blue Nile''' bụ osimiri nke malitere na Lake Tana na Etiopia. Ọ na-aga ihe dị ka kilomita 1,450 (mile 900) site na Etiopia na Sudan. Tinyere Osimiri Naịl Ọcha, ọ bụ otu n'ime nnukwu mmiri abụọ nke Osimiri Naịl ma na-enye ihe dịka 85.6% nke mmiri na Osimiri Naịl n'oge mmiri ozuzo.

== Usoro ọmụmụ ==
A kọwala ogologo osimiri ahụ site na isi iyi ya ruo na njikọ ya dị n'etiti kilomita 1,460 na 1,600 (mile 910 na 990). Ihe a nwere ike ịbụ na osimiri ahụ na-asọfe n'ọtụtụ ndagwurugwu ndị a na-apụghị ịbanye n'ime ha nke a gbubiri n'Ugwu Etiopia ruo omimi nke ihe dị ka mita 1,500 (ụkwụ 4,900). Dịka akwụkwọ ndị Central Statistical Agency, otu ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị Etiopia bipụtara si kwuo, Osimiri Blue Nile nwere ogologo zuru oke nke kilomita 1,450 (mi 900), nke kilomita 800 (mi 500) dị n'ime Etiopia.

=== Na Etiopia ===
Osimiri Blue Nile malitere na Gish Abay dị na Sekela na Etiopia (ebe a na-akpọ ya Osimiri Abay). Osimiri ahụ na-asọgakarị n'ebe ndịda tupu ọ banye n'osimiri dị ihe dị ka kilomita 400 (maịlụ 250) n'ogologo, ihe dị ka kilomita 30 (maịlụ 19) site na Ọdọ Mmiri Tana, nke bụ nnukwu ihe mgbochi maka njem na nkwukọrịta n'etiti ugwu na ndịda Etiopia. Ndị otu Britain kpọburu ndagwurugwu ahụ &quot;Grand Canyon&quot; na 1968, wee malite ịgbada osimiri ahụ site na Lake Tana ruo na njedebe nke ndagwurugwu ahụ; u rafting osimiri ndị sochirinụ kpọrọ ya &quot;Grand Canyon nke Naịl&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzx5qS4AvzwC&amp;dq=%22Grand+Canyon+of+the+Nile%22&amp;pg=PA37|title=Breakthroughs: An Integrated Advanced English Program|first=Marina|author=Engelking|date=15 April 2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-542738-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; TheMmiri Blue Nile (Amharic: Tis Abay, nke pụtara &quot;ọkụ dị mma&quot;), otu n'ime ebe ndị njem nleta kachasị na Etiopia, dị na mmalite nke ndagwurugwu ahụ

Osimiri ahụ na-agbagharị gafee ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Etiopia tupu ọtụtụ mmiri dị n'etiti ọdọ mmiri Tana na ókèala Etiopia-Sudan na-enye ya nri. Ndị nọ n'akụkụ aka ekpe ya, n'usoro ala, gụnyere Osimiri Wanqa, Osimiri Bashilo, Osimiri Walaqa, Osimiri Wanchet, Osimiri Jamma, Osimiri Muger, Osimiri Guder, Osimiri Agwel, Osimiri Nedi, Osimiri Didessa na Osimiri Dabus. Ndị nọ n'akụkụ aka nri, dịkwa n'usoro ala, gụnyere Handassa, Tul, Abaya, Sade, Tammi, Cha, Shita, Suha, Muga, Gulla, Temcha, Bachat, Katlan, Jiba, Chamoga, Weter na Beles.

=== Na Sudan ===
[[Faịlụ:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|alt=|thumb|Foto satịlaịtị nke ebe White na Blue Nile jikọtara ọnụ]]
Osimiri Blue Nile na-aga n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ ruo Sudan. Ọ na-aga ihe dị ka kilomita 650 (mile 400), na-agafe Er Roseires wee nata Osimiri Dinder n'akụkụ aka nri ya na Dinder. Na Khartoum, Osimiri Blue Nile na-esonye na Osimiri White Nile, dịka Osimiri Nile si dị, ọ na-agafe Ijipt ruo Oké Osimiri Mediterenian na Alexandria.

== Mmiri mmiri ==
[[Faịlụ:Zusammenfluss_der_Nile.JPG|alt=|thumb|Njikọta nke osimiri Naịl Blue na White dị nso Khartoum, isi obodo Sudan]]
Mmiri nke Osimiri Blue Nile na-eru oke kachasị n'oge mmiri ozuzo site na June ruo Septemba, mgbe ọ na-enye 80–86% nke mmiri nke Osimiri Nile kwesịrị ekwesị. Osimiri ahụ bụ isi iyi nke idei mmiri nke Naịl n'Ijipt nke nyere aka mee ka Ndagwurugwu Naịl dị mma ma mee ka akụkọ ifo Ijipt oge ochie na nke ndị Ijipt pụta ìhè. Mgbe e mechara mmiri Aswan na 1970, idei mmiri ndị a kwụsịrị ime na ala Ijipt. N'oge ọkọchị, mmiri ozuzo, idei mmiri Blue Nile, na-ebibi nnukwu ala na-eme nri site na Ugwu Etiopia ma na-ebuga ya n'ala dị ka ájá, na-eme ka mmiri ahụ gbaa ọchịchịrị ma ọ bụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ aja aja ma ọ bụ ojii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Its Origin, Falls, and Gorge|url=http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820192901/http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm|archivedate=20 August 2015|accessdate=11 October 2015|publisher=Dinknesh Ethiopia Tour}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Osimiri Naịl dị oke mkpa maka ndụ Ijipt: dịka akụkụ kachasị mkpa nke Naịl, ọ na-enye ihe karịrị 85% nke mmiri Naịl. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị mkpụmkpụ karịa Naịl Ọcha, pasentị iri ise na itoolu nke mmiri ruru Ijipt sitere n'ugwu Etiopia site na Naịl Anụnụ. Osimiri ahụ bụkwa ebe dị mkpa maka Sudan, ebe Roseires Dam na Sennar Dam na-enye aka na pasentị iri asatọ nke mmepụta ọkụ eletrik mba ahụ site na ike mmiri. Ọdọ mmiri ndị a na-enyekwa aka ịgba mmiri n'ime atụmatụ Gezira, nke a ma ama maka oke mma ya dị elu nke owu, yana mmepụta ihe ubi wit na nri anụmanụ n'ógbè ahụ.

Na Nọvemba afọ 2012, Etiopia malitere iwu mgbidi mmiri Grand Ethiopia Renaissance Dam, nke nwere ike megawatt 6000 n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ. A na-atụ anya na ọdọ mmiri ahụ ga-eme ka akụnụba Etiopia dịkwuo mma. Ma, mba Sudan na mba Ijipt kwupụtara nchegbu ha gbasara mbelata mmiri dị.[6] Mmepụta ọkụ eletrik malitere na Febụwarị 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60451702|title=Ethiopia starts generating power from River Nile dam|work=BBC News|date=20 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Faịlụ:Completed_new_Sebara_Dildiy_bridge.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Àkwà mmiri nkwụsịtụ nke dị n'elu Osimiri Naịl Blue. Ọ bụ naanị àkwà mmiri eriri ndị na-eje ije na-agafe Osimiri Naịl Blue na Etiopia.]]
[[Faịlụ:Bridges_across_the_Blue_Nile_Gorge.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Naịl Blue dị na Etiopia.]]
Ijipt Egwna-atụ egwu Etiopia nwere ike igbochi Blue Nile bụ isi ihe kpatara mmekọrịta dị ogologo ma dị mgbagwoju anya dị n'etiti Etiopia na Ijipt. WhiỌ bụ ezie na Ijipt tụkwasịrị Etiopia obi maka mmiri ya, Etiopia dabere na Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate nke Alexandria maka ikike nna ochie na nhọpụta nke obodo ukwu yahiNjikọta a emeela ka ihe ndị mere kemgbe narị afọ nke iri na otuorRuo ọtụtụ narị afọ, iyi egwu nke igbochi Osimiri Blue Nile bụ atụmatụ dị irè iji hụ na a họpụtara ndị isi obodo Ijipt. Agbanyeghị, n'ọrụ, a nwaghị ịgbanwe mmiri osimiri ahụ ma ọ bụ iji ya mee ihe n'ụzọ buru ibu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Uhlig|first=Siegbert|title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C|date=2003|pages=27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nsogbu mbụ pụtara n'oge ọchịchị Eze Zagwe Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, onye ndị Ijipt chere na ọ na-agbalị ịtụgharị osimiri ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na alaeze ya eruteghị Osimiri Naịl Anụnụ. Ọ bụ Eze Ukwu Amda Seyon nke Mbụ buru ụzọ biri na mpaghara Blue Nile wee malite ịgbasa Iso Ụzọ Kraịst ebe ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Uhlig|first=Siegbert|title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C|date=2003|pages=27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị Eze Ukwu nke usoro ndị eze Solomon, ọkachasị Dawit nke Abụọ, Yeshaq nke Mbụ, na Zara Yaqob, gara n'ihu na-ekwusi ike na ọchịchị Etiopia dị n'osimiri ahụ dịka ngwa ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ha mekwara ka echiche a sikwuo ike n'okwu okpukpe, na-akọwapụta Blue Nile na Gihon nke dị na Baịbụl ma na-agbanwe Tammera Maryam ka o wee kwado ikike ha nwere n'elu mmiri. Akụkọ ifo ndị Yuropu oge ochie gbasara Etiopia dị ike nke Ndị Kraịst nke na-enyere aka na mbibi nke Alakụba mere ka mkpa nke Blue Nile dị na mmekọrịta Ethio-Egypt dịkwuo elu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Uhlig|first=Siegbert|title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C|date=2003|pages=27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye mbụ a maara na Yuropu hụrụ Osimiri Naịl Naịl Blue na Etiopia, ebe osimiri ahụ si bịa, bụ Pedro Páez, onye Spen bụ Jesuit nke rutere n'isi iyi osimiri ahụ na 21 Eprel 1618. Agbanyeghị, João Bermudes, onye Portugal, onye kpọrọ onwe ya &quot;Patriarch nke Etiopia&quot;, nyere nkọwa mbụ nke Tis Abay River Falls n'akwụkwọ ncheta ya nke e bipụtara na 1565, na ọtụtụ ndị Yuropu bi na Etiopia na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 15 dịka Pêro da Covilhã gaara ahụ osimiri ahụ ogologo oge tupu Páez, mana ha eruteghị ebe o si bịa. Onye ozi ala ọzọ nke ndị Pọtugal bụ́ Jerónimo Lobo, onye na-eme nchọpụta na Scotland, rutere ebe Osimiri Naịl si apụta n'afọ 1629, na 1770, onye nchọpụta na Scotland bụ́ James Bruce ruru ya.

Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nchọpụta Yuropu chere echiche ịchọpụta ụzọ Osimiri Naịl site na njikọ Blue Nile na White Nile ruo n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana, Ọwa Mmiri Blue Nile emeghị ka mgbalị niile ghara isi ike kemgbe Frédéric Cailliaud gbalịrị ime ya n'afọ 1821. Onye America bụ́ W.W. Macmillan mere mgbalị mbụ siri ike nke onye na-abụghị onye obodo iji chọpụta ókè osimiri a ruru n'ókèala ya na 1902, onye nchọpụta nke mba Norway bụ́ B.H. Jenssen nyeere aka; Jenssen si Khartoum gbagoo n'elu osimiri ebe Macmillan si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana gbadaa. Agbanyeghị, ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahụ gbachiri ụgbọ mmiri Jenssen n'ebe dị nso n'ókèala Sudan na Etiopia, ụgbọ mmiri Macmillan gbawara obere oge ka e buliri ha. Macmillan gbara Jenssen ume ka ọ gbalịa ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri site na Khartoum ọzọ na 1905, mana a manyere ya ịkwụsị kilomita 500 (maịlụ 300) site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana. Robert Cheesman, onye dere ihe ijuanya ya mgbe ọ bịarutere Etiopia mgbe ọ chọpụtara na mmiri dị n'elu nke &quot;otu n'ime osimiri kachasị ama ama n'ụwa, otu onye ndị ochie maara aha ya nke ọma&quot; n'oge ndụ ya &quot;e ji ahịrị ntụpọ mara ya na map ahụ&quot;, nwere ike ịse foto nke elu nke Blue Nile n'etiti 1925 na 1933. O mere nke a ọ bụghị site n'ịso osimiri ahụ n'akụkụ ya na site n'ọwara mmiri ya a na-apụghị ịgafe agafe kama site n'ịgbaso ya site n'ugwu dị n'elu, na-eji ịnyịnya ibu aga ihe dị ka kilomita 8,000 (maịlụ 5,000) n'akụkụ obodo dị nso.

N'afọ 1950 na 1960, ọtụtụ ndị na-anya kayak na-agbagharị n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ndagwurugwu ahụ. Na 1968, dịka Haile Selassie si kwuo, otu ndị agha na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị dị mmadụ iri isii nke ndị Britain na ndị Etiopia batara n'osimiri ahụ site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana ruo ebe dị nso n'ókèala Sudan nke onye nchọpụta bụ́ John Blashford-Snell duziri. Ndị otu ahụ jiri ụgbọ mmiri Avon Inflatables nke e wuru n'ụzọ pụrụ iche ma gbanwee ụgbọ mmiri mwakpo ndị e ji aka ha mee iji kwọọ ụgbọ mmiri ndị dị egwu. Njem ụgbọ mmiri ndị sochirinụ n'afọ 1970 na 1980 na-ekpuchi naanị akụkụ nke ndagwurugwu osimiri ahụ.

Na 1999, onye edemede bụ Virginia Morell &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp|title=Blue Nile: Ethiopia's River of Magic and Mystery - Bookreporter.com|work=bookreporter.com|accessdate=3 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608171628/http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp|archivedate=8 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye na-ese foto Nevada Wier mere njem ahụ site n'ụgbọ mmiri si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana gaa Sudan, na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara njem ha mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/|title=Blue Nile @ nationalgeographic.com|publisher=Ngm.nationalgeographic.com|accessdate=27 January 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006021132/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/|archivedate=6 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2000, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ akụkọ American na National Geographic, Kenneth Frantz, hụrụ foto Nevada Wier sere maka National Geographic nke ga-eme ka ọ chọta ụlọ ọrụ ebere ahụ. Foto a gosiri àkwà mmiri gbawara agbawa n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ebe mmadụ iri nọ n'akụkụ abụọ nke ogwe ahụ gbawara agbawa na-adọkpụ ibe ha site na iji eriri. Eze Ukwu Fasilides wuru àkwà mmiri akụkọ ihe mere eme a n'ihe dị ka afọ 1660 site n'iji teknụzụ àkwà mmiri ndị Rom wetara Etiopia site n'aka ndị agha Portugal n'oge agha ha na ndị Alakụba wakporo na 1507.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Baynes|first=Thomas Spencer|title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, Volume 1|year=1838|publisher=Henry G. Allen and Company|edition=Ninth|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TKcMAAAAYAAJ|chapter=Abyssinia}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2001 na 2009, ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo Bridges to Prosperity si mba Amerịka gaa rụzie àkwà mmiri gbawara agbawa n'ofe Osimiri Blue Nile wee mechaa wuo àkwà mmiri ọhụrụ nke na-anaghị emetụta ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/|title=Envisioning a world where poverty caused by rural isolation no longer exists|publisher=Bridges to Prosperity|accessdate=27 January 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112041000/http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/|archivedate=12 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 28 Eprel 2004, ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ala Pasquale Scaturro na onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ, onye na-eme kayak na onye na-eme ihe nkiri ihe nkiri Gordon Brown, ghọrọ ndị mbụ a maara iji mmiri na-agagharị na Blue Nile n'ozuzu ya. Ọ bụ ezie na njem ha gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, Brown na Scaturro bụ naanị ndị fọdụrụ na njem ahụ dum. Ha jiri igwefoto IMAX na kamera vidiyo abụọ ejiri aka dee akụkọ banyere njem ha, na-akọ akụkọ ha na fim ahụ bụ Mystery of the Nile na n'akwụkwọ nwere otu aha ahụ.

Na ụbọchị iri abụọ na itoolu nke ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2005, onye Canada bụ Les Jickling na onye otu ya bụ Mark Tanner, onye New Zealand, mechara njem mbụ nke Blue Nile na Nile zuru oke site n'aka mmadụ na Sudan na Egypt. Njem ha nke karịrị kilomita 5,000 (maịlụ 3,100) were ọnwa ise wee gaa njem site na Etiopia, Sudan, na Ijipt. Ha kọrọ na ha ji ụgbọ mmiri gafee ebe agha obodo, ebe a maara maka ndị ohi, ma hụkwa ọtụtụ ihe egwu na ọsọ ọsọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm|title=Department - Alumni Association|work=web.uvic.ca|accessdate=1 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202121003/http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm|archivedate=2 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* Ndepụta osimiri Etiopia
* Ndepụta osimiri nke Sudan 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070506010335/http://www.aber.ac.uk/quaternary/tana/ The Tana Project]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080512003609/http://www.niletrip.com/ Paddling the Blue Nile]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343569023|Paul Sein Twa]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Paul Sein Twa''' (amụrụ 1972 ma ọ bụ 1973 (afọ 52–53) ) &lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chandran|first=Rina|date=2020-12-03|title=Indigenous wisdom protects forests, says prize-winning Myanmar activist|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-landrights-prize-interview-idUSKBN28D0ZY|accessdate=2023-01-12|work=Reuters|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye Karen na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na onye na-akwado ndị obodo si Myanmar,  nke na-arụ ọrụ iji chekwaa omenala na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọdọ mmiri Salween. &lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters&quot; /&gt; O so guzobe Karen Environmental and Social Action Network (KESAN) na 2001 iji nyere obodo ndị Karen aka ichebe na ichekwa ala na ihe nketa ha. O nwetara ihe nrite Goldman Environmental Prize na 2020 maka mbọ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-18|title=Paul Sein Twa - Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/paul-sein-twa/|accessdate=2022-12-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Supporting communities to fight for environmental justice, Indigenous rights, and peace|url=https://www.discoverwildlife.com/people/meet-the-scientist/supporting-communities-to-fight-for-environmental-justice-indigenous-rights-and-peace/|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=Discover Wildlife|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Sein Twa nyere aka guzobe Salween Peace Park, ebe a na-echekwa ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na ihe nketa omenala nke ọdọ mmiri Salween.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Supporting communities to fight for environmental justice, Indigenous rights, and peace|url=https://www.discoverwildlife.com/people/meet-the-scientist/supporting-communities-to-fight-for-environmental-justice-indigenous-rights-and-peace/|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=Discover Wildlife|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.discoverwildlife.com/people/meet-the-scientist/supporting-communities-to-fight-for-environmental-justice-indigenous-rights-and-peace/ &quot;Supporting communities to fight for environmental justice, Indigenous rights, and peace&quot;]. ''Discover Wildlife''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na KESAN rụrụ ọrụ na obodo nta 348 na-anọchite anya ihe dị ka ndị Karen 68,000 iji jụọ ndị obodo ajụjụ ma kwalite nkwado maka ogige ahụ, nke e guzobere na Disemba 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Green Nobel' Prize-Winning Activist Says Indigenous Wisdom Protects Forests|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/fr/content/goldman-prize-indigenous-activist-biodiversity/|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=Global Citizen|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ICCA Consortium|url=https://www.iccaconsortium.org/index.php/people/paul-sein-twa/|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=ICCA Consortium|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Our struggle is far from over': Karen activist wins prestigious Goldman prize|url=https://myanmarmix.com/en/articles/our-struggle-is-far-from-over-karen-activist-wins-prestigious-goldman-prize|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=Myanmar Mix|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ chọpụtakwara usoro ọchịchị ala ọdịnala a na-akpọ Kaw, nke machibidoro ịchụ nta nke ụdị anụmanụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ ma na-eme ka njikọ ndị Karen na ala nna nna ha sikwuo ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=To End Seven Decades of Ethnic Conflict, He Helped Set Up Peace Park|url=https://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/articles/entry/to-end-seven-decades-of-ethnic-conflict-Goldman-Prize-winner-Paul-Sein-Twa-helped-set-up-peace-park/|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=Earth Island Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwanye ùgwù ==
N'afọ 2018, Salween Peace Park natara ihe nrite Paul K. Feyerabend - ụwa nke ịdị n'otu Ga-ekwe Omume. N'afọ 2020, Sein Twa natara ihe nrite Goldman Environmental Prize iji kwado mbọ ọ na-agba iji kwalite ụmụ amaala Karen. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-18|title=Paul Sein Twa - Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/paul-sein-twa/|accessdate=2022-12-30|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/paul-sein-twa/ &quot;Paul Sein Twa - Goldman Environmental Prize&quot;]. 2022-03-18&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-12-30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Myanmar: Land rights defender Paul Sein Twa wins 2020 Goldman Environmental Prize for Asia|url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/myanmar-land-rights-defender-paul-sein-twa-wins-2020-goldman-environmental-prize-for-asia/|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=Business &amp; Human Rights Resource Centre|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Arora|first=Sumit|date=2020-12-15|title=Myanmar's Paul Sein Twa receives Goldman Environmental Prize 2020|url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/myanmars-paul-sein-twa-receives-goldman-environmental-prize-2020/|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=adda247|language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọfịs Mpaghara [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] Asia na-eme atụmatụ ịkwado ụmụ amaala na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè site n'itinye ọchịchị na-agụnye ihe n'usoro na mmemme ya maka 2021-2024. Dị ka akụkụ nke mmekorita ya na Sein Twa na KESAN na ọrụ Accelerating Tiger Recovery na Thailand-Myanmar Transboundary Region project, IUCN Asia amalitela mkparịta ụka banyere ọchịchị mmiri na ọdọ mmiri Salween.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-04|title=Paul Sein Twa, co-founder of KESAN and Salween Peace Park in Myanmar, receives Goldman Environmental Prize 2020|url=https://www.iucn.org/news/asia/202012/paul-sein-twa-co-founder-kesan-and-salween-peace-park-myanmar-receives-goldman-environmental-prize-2020|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=IUCN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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'''Paul Sein Twa''' (amụrụ 1972 ma ọ bụ 1973 (afọ 52–53) ) &lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chandran|first=Rina|date=2020-12-03|title=Indigenous wisdom protects forests, says prize-winning Myanmar activist|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-landrights-prize-interview-idUSKBN28D0ZY|accessdate=2023-01-12|work=Reuters|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye Karen na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na onye na-akwado ndị obodo si Myanmar,  nke na-arụ ọrụ iji chekwaa omenala na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọdọ mmiri Salween. &lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters&quot; /&gt; O so guzobe Karen Environmental and Social Action Network (KESAN) na 2001 iji nyere obodo ndị Karen aka ichebe na ichekwa ala na ihe nketa ha. O nwetara ihe nrite Goldman Environmental Prize na 2020 maka mbọ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-18|title=Paul Sein Twa - Goldman Environmental Prize|url=https://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/paul-sein-twa/|accessdate=2022-12-30|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Supporting communities to fight for environmental justice, Indigenous rights, and peace|url=https://www.discoverwildlife.com/people/meet-the-scientist/supporting-communities-to-fight-for-environmental-justice-indigenous-rights-and-peace/|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=Discover Wildlife|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Sein Twa nyere aka guzobe Salween Peace Park, ebe a na-echekwa ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na ihe nketa omenala nke ọdọ mmiri Salween.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ya na KESAN rụrụ ọrụ na obodo nta 348 na-anọchite anya ihe dị ka ndị Karen 68,000 iji jụọ ndị obodo ajụjụ ma kwalite nkwado maka ogige ahụ, nke e guzobere na Disemba 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Green Nobel' Prize-Winning Activist Says Indigenous Wisdom Protects Forests|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/fr/content/goldman-prize-indigenous-activist-biodiversity/|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=Global Citizen|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ICCA Consortium|url=https://www.iccaconsortium.org/index.php/people/paul-sein-twa/|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=ICCA Consortium|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Our struggle is far from over': Karen activist wins prestigious Goldman prize|url=https://myanmarmix.com/en/articles/our-struggle-is-far-from-over-karen-activist-wins-prestigious-goldman-prize|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=Myanmar Mix|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ chọpụtakwara usoro ọchịchị ala ọdịnala a na-akpọ Kaw, nke machibidoro ịchụ nta nke ụdị anụmanụ ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ ma na-eme ka njikọ ndị Karen na ala nna nna ha sikwuo ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=To End Seven Decades of Ethnic Conflict, He Helped Set Up Peace Park|url=https://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/articles/entry/to-end-seven-decades-of-ethnic-conflict-Goldman-Prize-winner-Paul-Sein-Twa-helped-set-up-peace-park/|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=Earth Island Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwanye ùgwù ==
N'afọ 2018, Salween Peace Park natara ihe nrite Paul K. Feyerabend - ụwa nke ịdị n'otu Ga-ekwe Omume. N'afọ 2020, Sein Twa natara ihe nrite Goldman Environmental Prize iji kwado mbọ ọ na-agba iji kwalite ụmụ amaala Karen. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Myanmar: Land rights defender Paul Sein Twa wins 2020 Goldman Environmental Prize for Asia|url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/myanmar-land-rights-defender-paul-sein-twa-wins-2020-goldman-environmental-prize-for-asia/|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=Business &amp; Human Rights Resource Centre|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Arora|first=Sumit|date=2020-12-15|title=Myanmar's Paul Sein Twa receives Goldman Environmental Prize 2020|url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/myanmars-paul-sein-twa-receives-goldman-environmental-prize-2020/|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=adda247|language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọfịs Mpaghara [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] Asia na-eme atụmatụ ịkwado ụmụ amaala na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè site n'itinye ọchịchị na-agụnye ihe n'usoro na mmemme ya maka 2021-2024. Dị ka akụkụ nke mmekorita ya na Sein Twa na KESAN na ọrụ Accelerating Tiger Recovery na Thailand-Myanmar Transboundary Region project, IUCN Asia amalitela mkparịta ụka banyere ọchịchị mmiri na ọdọ mmiri Salween.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-04|title=Paul Sein Twa, co-founder of KESAN and Salween Peace Park in Myanmar, receives Goldman Environmental Prize 2020|url=https://www.iucn.org/news/asia/202012/paul-sein-twa-co-founder-kesan-and-salween-peace-park-myanmar-receives-goldman-environmental-prize-2020|accessdate=2022-12-30|work=IUCN|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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    <title>Sebkha Kelbia</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1308244275|Sebkha Kelbia]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Sebkhat_Kelbia_Kondar_Tunesien_2009.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Sebkhat Kelbia, 2009.]]
'''Sebkha Kelbia''' (سبخة الكلبية) bụ ọdọ mmiri na-akpaghị aka na [[Tunisia]] nke na-ekpuchi [[Hectare|hekta]] 8000 na Sousse Governorate, na 35°50'34&quot;North, 10°16'18&quot;East, ndịda Kondar.

A na-ewere ya dị ka ala mmiri nke abụọ kachasị mkpa na mba ahụ mgbe e mesịrị Ọdọ Mmiri Ichkeul, a na-akpọ ya ebe nchekwa ihe okike site n'iwu nke Ministri Ọrụ Ugbo nke Disemba 18, 1993. Osimiri Oued Nebhana, Oued Merguellil na Oued Zeroud na-asọba n'ala ọdọ mmiri kpọrọ nkụ n'oge mmiri ozuzo, mana ugbu a, ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri ndị na-echebe ala ahụ pụọ na idei mmiri na-achịkwa ya. Ọdọ mmiri ndị ahụ tinyere ọrụ nke nnukwu atụmatụ ịgba mmiri ugbo enweela mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na sebkha, nke a na-amụbeghị ruo ugbu a. A na-eme atụmatụ na ndị ọrụ ugbo bi na gburugburu Sebkha Kelbia dị puku iri abụọ na atọ.

== Edensibịa ==
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      <text bytes="1406" sha1="6xh7vvns2no9apr5xrcozi10nvplv8a" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Lake in Tunisia}}
{{Designation list
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = Sebkhet Kelbia
| designation1_date = 7 November 2007
| designation1_number = 1710&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sebkhet Kelbia|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1710|access-date=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
[[Faịlụ:Sebkhat_Kelbia_Kondar_Tunesien_2009.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Sebkhat Kelbia, 2009.]]
'''Sebkha Kelbia''' (سبخة الكلبية) bụ ọdọ mmiri na-akpaghị aka na [[Tunisia]] nke na-ekpuchi [[Hectare|hekta]] 8000 na Sousse Governorate, na 35°50'34&quot;North, 10°16'18&quot;East, ndịda Kondar.

A na-ewere ya dị ka ala mmiri nke abụọ kachasị mkpa na mba ahụ mgbe e mesịrị Ọdọ Mmiri Ichkeul, a na-akpọ ya ebe nchekwa ihe okike site n'iwu nke Ministri Ọrụ Ugbo nke Disemba 18, 1993. Osimiri Oued Nebhana, Oued Merguellil na Oued Zeroud na-asọba n'ala ọdọ mmiri kpọrọ nkụ n'oge mmiri ozuzo, mana ugbu a, ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri ndị na-echebe ala ahụ pụọ na idei mmiri na-achịkwa ya. Ọdọ mmiri ndị ahụ tinyere ọrụ nke nnukwu atụmatụ ịgba mmiri ugbo enweela mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na sebkha, nke a na-amụbeghị ruo ugbu a. A na-eme atụmatụ na ndị ọrụ ugbo bi na gburugburu Sebkha Kelbia dị puku iri abụọ na atọ.

== Edensibịa ==
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    <title>Sebkha Sidi El Hani</title>
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        <id>15845</id>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1290748508|Sebkha Sidi El Hani]]&quot;</comment>
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|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;&quot; |[[File:Sebkhet_Sidi_Alhani_Colours.jpg|264x264px]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Sebkhet Sidi Alhani Agba.&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:256px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:256px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Tunisian_Republic_location_map_Topographic.png|class=notpageimage noviewer|483x483px|Location of the salt lake in Tunisia.]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:27.922%;left:68.298%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-3px;top:-3px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|alt=Location of the salt lake in Tunisia.|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Sebkhet de Sidi El Hani]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pr&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;left:4px&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sebkhet nke Sidi El Hani&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;adr&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe
| class=&quot;infobox-data region&quot; |Gọọmenti Sousse, [[Tunisia]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;span title=&quot;Geographical coordinates&quot;&gt;Njikọ&lt;/span&gt;
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|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụdị
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |ọdọ mmiri nnu
|}
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;'''Sebkha Sidi El Hani''' ({{Lang|tg-Arab|سبخة سيدي الهاني}}) bụ ọdọ mmiri nnu dị na Sousse Governorate nke Tunisia, kilomita 25 (mile 16) na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo Sousse na kilomita 25 (mile 16) na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo Kairouan. Ọ na-ekpuchi mpaghara dị hekta 36,000 ma nwee oke ala atọ: Sidi El Hani sebkha stricto sensu, Sebkha Souassi na Sekha Dkhila. E tinyere ọtụtụ ọdọ mmiri, dị ka Wadi Chrita, Wadi Mansoura na Wadi Oum El Mellah, ọ na-ejide mmiri n'afọ niile naanị mgbe ụfọdụ. Ebe a na-adọba mmiri ahụ bụ square kilomita 360 (mile 140) sistemụ ahụ na-asọba n'ime Oké Osimiri Mediterenian.
[[Faịlụ:Oued_Zeroud_Merguellil_Nebhana_drainage_basin-fr.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Map nke Sebkhet nke Sidi El Hani]]
&lt;gallery&gt;
Faịlụ:Sebkhet_Sidi_Alhani_Salt.jpg|Sebkhet Sidi Alhani Salt pan
Faịlụ:Sebkhet_Sidi_Alhani_Structure.jpg|Sebkhet Sidi Alhani Structure
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn org&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%; color:black;&quot; |Sebkhet nke Sidi El Hani
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;&quot; |[[File:Sebkhet_Sidi_Alhani_Colours.jpg|264x264px]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Sebkhet Sidi Alhani Agba.&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:256px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:256px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Tunisian_Republic_location_map_Topographic.png|class=notpageimage noviewer|483x483px|Location of the salt lake in Tunisia.]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:27.922%;left:68.298%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-3px;top:-3px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|alt=Location of the salt lake in Tunisia.|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Sebkhet de Sidi El Hani]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pr&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;left:4px&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sebkhet nke Sidi El Hani&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;adr&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe
| class=&quot;infobox-data region&quot; |Gọọmenti Sousse, [[Tunisia]]
|-
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|-
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| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |ọdọ mmiri nnu
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
{{Designation list
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = Sebkhet Sidi Elhani
| designation1_date = 2 February 2012
| designation1_number = 2019&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sebkhet Sidi Elhani|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2019|accessdate=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
'''Sebkha Sidi El Hani''' ({{Lang|tg-Arab|سبخة سيدي الهاني}}) bụ ọdọ mmiri nnu dị na Sousse Governorate nke Tunisia, kilomita 25 (mile 16) na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke obodo Sousse na kilomita 25 (mile 16) na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo Kairouan. Ọ na-ekpuchi mpaghara dị hekta 36,000 ma nwee oke ala atọ: Sidi El Hani sebkha stricto sensu, Sebkha Souassi na Sekha Dkhila. E tinyere ọtụtụ ọdọ mmiri, dị ka Wadi Chrita, Wadi Mansoura na Wadi Oum El Mellah, ọ na-ejide mmiri n'afọ niile naanị mgbe ụfọdụ. Ebe a na-adọba mmiri ahụ bụ square kilomita 360 (mile 140) sistemụ ahụ na-asọba n'ime Oké Osimiri Mediterenian.
[[Faịlụ:Oued_Zeroud_Merguellil_Nebhana_drainage_basin-fr.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Map nke Sebkhet nke Sidi El Hani]]
&lt;gallery&gt;
Faịlụ:Sebkhet_Sidi_Alhani_Salt.jpg|Sebkhet Sidi Alhani Salt pan
Faịlụ:Sebkhet_Sidi_Alhani_Structure.jpg|Sebkhet Sidi Alhani Structure
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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    <title>Ndagwurugwu Selja</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362238547|Selja Gorges]]&quot;</comment>
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Selja Gorges (site na transcription ọdịnala fr. Gorges de Selja) ma ọ bụ Thelja Gorges dị ka e si sụgharịa ya na Arabic (Arabic حلق الثالجة) dị na ndịda Tunisia na Gafsa Governorate. 

Ndagwurugwu ndị ahụ jikọtara Ndagwurịta okwu Gafsa na mbara ala Redeyef. Mpaghara ahụ nwere ọtụtụ phosphate.

== Ala Mmiri Ramsar ==
Ọdọ Mmiri ndị a bụ ndagwurugwu okike dị ọtụtụ kilomita n'ogologo, nwere nnukwu ndagwurugwu miri emi, ebe Thelja Wadi na-aga n'ụzọ dị omimi na-aga Chott El Gharsa. Gburugburu ya bụ ugwu na ala kpọrọ nkụ, ha bụkwa akụkụ nke Djebels nke Saharan Atlas (nke dị n'etiti mita 210 na mita 450). Ebe dị hekta 675 ka a na-echebe dị ka ala mmiri Ramsar, ebe mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị n'afọ niile (ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere obere mmiri na-asọ asọ).

Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ nwere ụdị osisi na osisi iri anọ na ise nke gụnyere: esparto ma ọ bụ &quot;alfa&quot; ahịhịa Macrochloa tenacissima, Juncus conglomeratus, French tamarisk Tamarix gallica, caper Capparis spinosa, le Batoum, canes Arundo donax na bridal broom Retama monosper

Anụmanụ ndị a ma ama bụ Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos na-eyi egwu na ezé Uromastyx acanthinura, nke a maara maka ikike ya ịnagide ọnọdụ ọzara siri ike. Na mgbakwunye, a na-ahụ anụmanụ ndị a n'ógbè ahụ ma kwado mkpa ọ dị ichebe ebe obibi ha:

hyena Crocuta crocuta a hụrụ n'anya, nkịta ọhịa Rüppell dị oke ụkọ Vulpes rueppellii, nwamba ọhịa Afrịka Felis silvestris lybica, mbe Tunisia (ma ọ bụ Nabeul) Testudo graeca nabeulensis, onye na-enyocha ọzara Varanus griseus, agụ owuru nwere imi ogologo Gambelia wislizenii, nduru mbe Europe Streptopelia turtur, onye na-eri anụ ehi na Europe merops apiaster, agwọ Montpellier Malpolon monspessulanus, Agwọ Moorish (Daboia mauritanica) na agbọ nwere mpi Sahara Cerastes cerastes

Maka nnụnụ, na mgbakwunye na ugo ọla edo nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ndagwurugwu ahụ na-enwekwa Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo), Barbary partridge ''Alectoris barbara,'' nkume nduru ''Columba livia,'' European turtle dove (''Streptopelia turtur''), crag martin (''Ptyonoprogne rupestris'') na collared sand martin (''Riparia riparia'') 

Ebe ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe mmetọ na-eyi egwu n'ihi ọrụ ndị a na-egwupụta ihe n'elu mmiri na ihe owuwu ndị metụtara njem nleta, mana ọ bụ akụkụ nke mmemme onye isi ala mepụtara na 2009 iji chekwaa biotopes, mee ka ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche sie ike, gbaa njem nleta gburugburu ebe obibi ume, ma kwado nyocha sayensị na njem nleta.

== Ụgbọ okporo ígwè ==
[[Faịlụ:Selja_gorge_railway.svg|thumb|Ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na mpaghara Selja Gorges na-acha ọbara ọbara.]]
N'afọ 1896, e wuru ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè iji jikọta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Sfax na obodo Gabes (ebe a na-edozi ore phosphate) na obodo Métlaoui. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ala gbatịrị ụzọ ahụ gafere Metlaoui gaa na mbara ala Redeyef iji buru phosphate e wepụtara na ebe ndị a na-eguzogide ihe n'ebe ahụ. A ghaghị idozi okporo ụzọ na ndagwurugwu ahụ, gafee ugwu ahụ ma chọọ iwu ọtụtụ ọwa mmiri na àkwà mmiri.

Na mgbakwunye, ụgbọ okporo ígwè maka ndị njem nleta nke e ji ụgbọ okporo ígwè a rụzigharịrị arụzigharị site na ebe a na-egwupụta phosphate nke a na-akpọ Red Lizard na-eburu ndị mmadụ si Metlaoui banye na ndagwurugwu maka njem ahụ. . 

N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2009, nnukwu mmiri ozuzo mere ka idei mmiri jupụta n'ala dị larịị na idei mmiri ahụ banyere na ndagwurugwu Gafsa na-agafe na ndagwuregwu Selja. Nke a kpatara nnukwu mmebi na okporo ụzọ na mfu nke ụgbọ ala na mmechi nke ụzọ ruo otu afọ ruo mgbe e wughachiri ya na nrụzi ya.&lt;gallery widths=&quot;225px&quot; heights=&quot;220px&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Red_butte,_Selja_gorges,_Tunisia.jpg|Red butte along the railway line
Faịlụ:Selja02(js).jpg|Tourists on the  &quot;Red Lizard&quot; train, 2012
Faịlụ:Gorges_de_Selja_28.jpg|Selja Gorges 2016
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke Ramsar Wetlands nke Mba Nile

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Commons category|Selja Gorges|Selja Gorges}}

* Ihe ngosi nke ndagwurugwu mmiri, JakPrzetrwac.pl [https://web.archive.org/web/20120322133406/http://www.jakprzetrwac.pl/Katastrofa_w_w%C4%85wozie_Selja] (n'asụsụ Polish) 
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <id>672152</id>
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        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
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'''Selja Gorges''' (site na transcription ọdịnala fr. Gorges de Selja) ma ọ bụ Thelja Gorges dị ka e si sụgharịa ya na Arabic (Arabic حلق الثالجة) dị na ndịda Tunisia na Gafsa Governorate. 

Ndagwurugwu ndị ahụ jikọtara Ndagwurịta okwu Gafsa na mbara ala Redeyef. Mpaghara ahụ nwere ọtụtụ phosphate.

== Ala Mmiri Ramsar ==
Ọdọ Mmiri ndị a bụ ndagwurugwu okike dị ọtụtụ kilomita n'ogologo, nwere nnukwu ndagwurugwu miri emi, ebe Thelja Wadi na-aga n'ụzọ dị omimi na-aga Chott El Gharsa. Gburugburu ya bụ ugwu na ala kpọrọ nkụ, ha bụkwa akụkụ nke Djebels nke Saharan Atlas (nke dị n'etiti mita 210 na mita 450). Ebe dị hekta 675 ka a na-echebe dị ka ala mmiri Ramsar, ebe mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị n'afọ niile (ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere obere mmiri na-asọ asọ).

Ebe nrụọrụ ahụ nwere ụdị osisi na osisi iri anọ na ise nke gụnyere: esparto ma ọ bụ &quot;alfa&quot; ahịhịa Macrochloa tenacissima, Juncus conglomeratus, French tamarisk Tamarix gallica, caper Capparis spinosa, le Batoum, canes Arundo donax na bridal broom Retama monosper

Anụmanụ ndị a ma ama bụ Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos na-eyi egwu na ezé Uromastyx acanthinura, nke a maara maka ikike ya ịnagide ọnọdụ ọzara siri ike. Na mgbakwunye, a na-ahụ anụmanụ ndị a n'ógbè ahụ ma kwado mkpa ọ dị ichebe ebe obibi ha:

hyena Crocuta crocuta a hụrụ n'anya, nkịta ọhịa Rüppell dị oke ụkọ Vulpes rueppellii, nwamba ọhịa Afrịka Felis silvestris lybica, mbe Tunisia (ma ọ bụ Nabeul) Testudo graeca nabeulensis, onye na-enyocha ọzara Varanus griseus, agụ owuru nwere imi ogologo Gambelia wislizenii, nduru mbe Europe Streptopelia turtur, onye na-eri anụ ehi na Europe merops apiaster, agwọ Montpellier Malpolon monspessulanus, Agwọ Moorish (Daboia mauritanica) na agbọ nwere mpi Sahara Cerastes cerastes

Maka nnụnụ, na mgbakwunye na ugo ọla edo nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ndagwurugwu ahụ na-enwekwa Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo), Barbary partridge ''Alectoris barbara,'' nkume nduru ''Columba livia,'' European turtle dove (''Streptopelia turtur''), crag martin (''Ptyonoprogne rupestris'') na collared sand martin (''Riparia riparia'') 

Ebe ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe mmetọ na-eyi egwu n'ihi ọrụ ndị a na-egwupụta ihe n'elu mmiri na ihe owuwu ndị metụtara njem nleta, mana ọ bụ akụkụ nke mmemme onye isi ala mepụtara na 2009 iji chekwaa biotopes, mee ka ụdị dị iche iche dị iche iche sie ike, gbaa njem nleta gburugburu ebe obibi ume, ma kwado nyocha sayensị na njem nleta.

== Ụgbọ okporo ígwè ==
[[Faịlụ:Selja_gorge_railway.svg|thumb|Ụgbọ okporo ígwè, na mpaghara Selja Gorges na-acha ọbara ọbara.]]
N'afọ 1896, e wuru ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè iji jikọta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Sfax na obodo Gabes (ebe a na-edozi ore phosphate) na obodo Métlaoui. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ala gbatịrị ụzọ ahụ gafere Metlaoui gaa na mbara ala Redeyef iji buru phosphate e wepụtara na ebe ndị a na-eguzogide ihe n'ebe ahụ. A ghaghị idozi okporo ụzọ na ndagwurugwu ahụ, gafee ugwu ahụ ma chọọ iwu ọtụtụ ọwa mmiri na àkwà mmiri.

Na mgbakwunye, ụgbọ okporo ígwè maka ndị njem nleta nke e ji ụgbọ okporo ígwè a rụzigharịrị arụzigharị site na ebe a na-egwupụta phosphate nke a na-akpọ Red Lizard na-eburu ndị mmadụ si Metlaoui banye na ndagwurugwu maka njem ahụ. . 

N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2009, nnukwu mmiri ozuzo mere ka idei mmiri jupụta n'ala dị larịị na idei mmiri ahụ banyere na ndagwurugwu Gafsa na-agafe na ndagwuregwu Selja. Nke a kpatara nnukwu mmebi na okporo ụzọ na mfu nke ụgbọ ala na mmechi nke ụzọ ruo otu afọ ruo mgbe e wughachiri ya na nrụzi ya.&lt;gallery widths=&quot;225px&quot; heights=&quot;220px&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Red_butte,_Selja_gorges,_Tunisia.jpg|Red butte along the railway line
Faịlụ:Selja02(js).jpg|Tourists on the  &quot;Red Lizard&quot; train, 2012
Faịlụ:Gorges_de_Selja_28.jpg|Selja Gorges 2016
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke Ramsar Wetlands nke Mba Nile

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Commons category|Selja Gorges|Selja Gorges}}

* Ihe ngosi nke ndagwurugwu mmiri, JakPrzetrwac.pl [https://web.archive.org/web/20120322133406/http://www.jakprzetrwac.pl/Katastrofa_w_w%C4%85wozie_Selja] (n'asụsụ Polish) 
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>jom7p2zyllmysekqx02xvoz2a2wg6qf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ọdọ Mmiri Sidi el Barrak</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-04T11:19:53Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362100291|Sidi el Barrak Dam]]&quot;</comment>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn org&quot; style=&quot;background-color:skyblue; color:inherit;&quot; |Ọdọ Mmiri Sidi El Barrak
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Barrage_Sidi_El_Barraq.jpg|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;N'elu mmiri na ọdọ mmiri&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:240px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:240px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Tunisian_Republic_location_map_Topographic.png|class=notpageimage noviewer|453x453px|Sidi El Barrak Dam is located in Tunisia]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:8.77%;left:36.944%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-4px;top:-4px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Sidi El Barrak Dam]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pr&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;left:5px&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ọdọ Mmiri Sidi El Barrak&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;Ebe dị na Tunisia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Aha gọọmentị&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ihe mgbochi mmiri Sidi El Barrak
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Tunisia
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sidi_el_Barrak_Dam&amp;params=37_01_29_N_08_56_11_E_type:landmark_region:TN &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;37°01′29′′N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;08°56′11′′E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;/&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECC;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x7A;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x6E;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECD;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;37.02472°N 8.93639°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;﻿ / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;37.02472; 8.93639&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;indicator name=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sidi_el_Barrak_Dam&amp;params=37_01_29_N_08_56_11_E_type:landmark_region:TN &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;37°01′29″N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;08°56′11″E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &amp;#xfeff;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;37.02472°N 8.93639°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;37.02472; 8.93639&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/indicator&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ihe owuwu malitere&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1994
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụbọchị mmeghe&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2000
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color:skyblue; color:inherit;&quot; |Mmiri na mmiri na-asọba
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụdị mmiri&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ eme mmiri
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ihe ndị a na-eme ka ha ghara ịdị mma
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Osimiri Oued Zouara
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ogologo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |30 m (98 ft) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ogologo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |500 m (1,640 ft) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe mgbochi mmiri&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2,700,000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (3,531,467 cu yd) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ikike nke ụzọ mmiri&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |517 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s (18,258 cu ft/s) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color:skyblue; color:inherit;&quot; |Ebe a na-echekwa mmiri
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ngụkọta nke ikike&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |264,000,000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (214,028 [[Akụkụ ụkwụ|acre⋅ft]]) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|- class=&quot;infobox-hiddenrow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-below&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;border-style:solid;border-width:4px;border-color:#8DE3D2&quot;&gt;Ala Mmiri Ramsar&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Aha gọọmentị&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ihe mgbochi mmiri nke Sidi El Barrak
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ndị a họpụtara
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2 Febụwarị 2012
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ihe odide no.&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2017
|}
'''Ọdọ Mmiri Sidi El Barrak''' bụ ebe a na-adọba mmiri nke dị kilomita iri na asatọ (mile iri na otu) n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Tabarka na kilomita abụọ (mile otu) site n'Oké Osimiri Mediterenian n'akụkụ Osimiri Oued Zouara na Beja Governorate, Tunisia. E wuru ya n'etiti afọ 1994 na 2000, isi ihe mere e ji rụọ ya bụ mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sidi el Barrak|url=http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/tunisie/sidi-el-barrak/|publisher=Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika|accessdate=22 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ mmepe Sidi el Barrak, a na-agba mmiri echekwara na dam ahụ gaa na Seyjame Dam, na ọnụego nke 265,000,000 m3 (214,839 acre⋅ft) kwa afọ. A na-enye mmiri a na Tunis, Cap Bon na Sahel, tinyere Sfax maka ojiji obodo yana ọrụ ugbo. Emechara ọrụ ahụ dum na 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sidi el Barrak Dam Completion Report|url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/ADB-BD-IF-2004-111-EN-TUNISIA-SIDI-EL-BARRAK-DAM-CONSTRUCTION-PCR-DEC.PDF|publisher=African Development Bank|accessdate=22 August 2011|date=November 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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      <id>672156</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-04T11:23:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn org&quot; style=&quot;background-color:skyblue; color:inherit;&quot; |Ọdọ Mmiri Sidi El Barrak
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Barrage_Sidi_El_Barraq.jpg|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;N'elu mmiri na ọdọ mmiri&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:240px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:240px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Tunisian_Republic_location_map_Topographic.png|class=notpageimage noviewer|453x453px|Sidi El Barrak Dam is located in Tunisia]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:8.77%;left:36.944%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-4px;top:-4px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Sidi El Barrak Dam]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pr&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;left:5px&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ọdọ Mmiri Sidi El Barrak&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;Ebe dị na Tunisia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Aha gọọmentị&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ihe mgbochi mmiri Sidi El Barrak
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Tunisia
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sidi_el_Barrak_Dam&amp;params=37_01_29_N_08_56_11_E_type:landmark_region:TN &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;37°01′29′′N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;08°56′11′′E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;/&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECC;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x7A;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x6E;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECD;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;37.02472°N 8.93639°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;﻿ / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;37.02472; 8.93639&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;indicator name=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sidi_el_Barrak_Dam&amp;params=37_01_29_N_08_56_11_E_type:landmark_region:TN &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;37°01′29″N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;08°56′11″E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &amp;#xfeff;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;37.02472°N 8.93639°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;37.02472; 8.93639&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/indicator&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ihe owuwu malitere&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1994
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụbọchị mmeghe&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2000
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color:skyblue; color:inherit;&quot; |Mmiri na mmiri na-asọba
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụdị mmiri&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ eme mmiri
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ihe ndị a na-eme ka ha ghara ịdị mma
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Osimiri Oued Zouara
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ogologo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |30 m (98 ft) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ogologo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |500 m (1,640 ft) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe mgbochi mmiri&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2,700,000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (3,531,467 cu yd) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ikike nke ụzọ mmiri&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |517 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s (18,258 cu ft/s) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color:skyblue; color:inherit;&quot; |Ebe a na-echekwa mmiri
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ngụkọta nke ikike&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |264,000,000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (214,028 [[Akụkụ ụkwụ|acre⋅ft]]) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|- class=&quot;infobox-hiddenrow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-below&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;border-style:solid;border-width:4px;border-color:#8DE3D2&quot;&gt;Ala Mmiri Ramsar&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Aha gọọmentị&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ihe mgbochi mmiri nke Sidi El Barrak
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ndị a họpụtara
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2 Febụwarị 2012
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ihe odide no.&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2017 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Barrage de Sidi El Barrak|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2017|accessdate=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|}

'''Ọdọ Mmiri Sidi El Barrak''' bụ ebe a na-adọba mmiri nke dị kilomita iri na asatọ (mile iri na otu) n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Tabarka na kilomita abụọ (mile otu) site n'Oké Osimiri Mediterenian n'akụkụ Osimiri Oued Zouara na Beja Governorate, Tunisia. E wuru ya n'etiti afọ 1994 na 2000, isi ihe mere e ji rụọ ya bụ mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sidi el Barrak|url=http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/tunisie/sidi-el-barrak/|publisher=Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika|accessdate=22 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ mmepe Sidi el Barrak, a na-agba mmiri echekwara na dam ahụ gaa na Seyjame Dam, na ọnụego nke 265,000,000 m3 (214,839 acre⋅ft) kwa afọ. A na-enye mmiri a na Tunis, Cap Bon na Sahel, tinyere Sfax maka ojiji obodo yana ọrụ ugbo. Emechara ọrụ ahụ dum na 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sidi el Barrak Dam Completion Report|url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/ADB-BD-IF-2004-111-EN-TUNISIA-SIDI-EL-BARRAK-DAM-CONSTRUCTION-PCR-DEC.PDF|publisher=African Development Bank|accessdate=22 August 2011|date=November 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ</title>
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        <username>Dagentle</username>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347478658|Biodegradation]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Slime.mold.jpg|thumb|Ọdịdị na-acha odo odo na-eto n'elu ite akwụkwọ mmiri]]
Mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ bụ mmebi nke Ihe ndị dị ndụ site na microorganisms, dị ka nje bacteria na fungi. [a] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Young|first=Reginald|title=Improved, reference quality genome sequence of the plastic-degrading greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella|url=https://academic.oup.com/g3journal/advance-article/doi/10.1093/g3journal/jkae070/7639139?login=true|journal=G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics|date=2024|volume=14|issue=6|doi=10.1093/g3journal/jkae070|pmid=38564250}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'adịghị ka Mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ, phytodegradation nke nwere ngwa ole na ole, na-adabere na osisi na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ iji mee ka mmebi ahụ.

N'eziokwu, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ngwakọta kemịkalụ (chemical compounds) na ihe (materials) niile na-enwe Mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ, ya bụ, mmebi ha site n'aka ihe ndị dị ndụ. Ihe kacha ekpebi ọsọ mmebi a bụ oge. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akwụkwọ nri nwere ike ire ma ọ bụ mebie n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole, ebe ụfọdụ ụdị plastik nwere ike iwe ogologo oge tupu ha emebie.

Ụkpụrụ European Union (EU) na-eji atụ biodegradability na-ekwu na ihe karịrị pasent 90% nke ihe mbụ (original material) ga-agbanwerịrị site n'ọrụ ihe ndị dị ndụ ka ọ bụrụ carbon dioxide (CO₂), mmiri, na mineral n'ime ọnwa isii.

Mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ anaghị emetụta elements, n'ihi ya, ihe ndị na-emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi sitere na ọla dị arọ (heavy metals) anaghị emebi site n'ọrụ ihe ndị dị ndụ.

== Usoro ==
Enwere ike kewaa usoro nke Mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ n'ime nzọụkwụ atọ: biodeterioration, biofragmentation, na assimilation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A na-akọwa ọdịda nke ihe ndị dị ndụ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ọdịda nke elu nke na-agbanwe njirimara igwe, nke anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal nke ihe ahụ. Nzọụkwụ a na-eme mgbe a na-ekpughe ihe ahụ na ihe ndị na-adịghị adị n'èzí ma na-enye ohere maka mmetọ site na imebi ọdịdị ihe ahụ. Ụfọdụ ihe abiotic na-emetụta mgbanwe ndị a bụ mkpakọ (mechanical), ìhè, okpomọkụ na kemịkal na gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Polymer biodegradation: mechanisms and estimation techniques|journal=Chemosphere|volume=73|issue=4|pages=429–42|date=September 2008|pmid=18723204|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.06.064}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na biodeterioration na-emekarị dị ka ọkwa mbụ nke biodegradation, ọ nwere ike n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ na-agbakọta na biofragmentation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Muller|first=Rolf-Joachim|editor=Steinbüchel|chapter=Biodegradability of Polymers: Regulations and Methods for Testing|title=Biopolymers|publisher=Wiley-VCH|isbn=978-3-527-30290-1|chapterurl=https://application.wiley-vch.de/books/biopoly/pdf_v10/vol10_19.pdf|doi=10.1002/3527600035.bpola012|year=2005|accessdate=2018-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hueck,  Otú ọ dị, kọwara biodeterioration dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na ihe ndị mmadụ, na-agụnye ihe ndị dị ka mmebi nke ihu nkume nke ụlọ,  corrosion nke ọla site na microorganisms ma ọ bụ naanị mgbanwe mara mma nke sitere na ihe ndị dị adị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hueck|first=Hans|date=January 1966|title=The biodeterioration of materials as part of hylobiology|journal=Material und Organismen|volume=1|pages=5–34}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Introduction to Biodeterioration|author=Allsopp|first=Dennis|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-511-61706-5|location=Cambridge}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Nkụwasasị Polymer site n'ọrụ ndu bụ usoro mgbaji nke polymer ebe a na-agbaji njikọ kemịkal dị n'ime polymer ahụ, na-emepụta oligomer na monomer n'ọnọdụ ya.[1] Usoro e si agbaji ihe ndị a na-adịkwa iche dabere ma oksịjen ọ dị ma ọ bụ na ọ dịghị n'ime usoro ahụ. Mgbaji ihe site n'aka ụmụ irighiri ndụ (microorganisms) mgbe oksịjen dị bụ mgbaze aerobic (aerobic digestion), ebe mgbaji ihe mgbe oksịjen adịghị bụ mgbaze anaerobic (anaerobic digestion).[2] Isi ọdịiche dị n'etiti usoro abụọ a bụ na usoro anaerobic na-emepụta methane, ebe usoro aerobic anaghị emepụta ya (agbanyeghị na usoro abụọ ahụ na-emepụta carbon dioxide, mmiri, ụdị fọdụrụnụ, na biomass ọhụrụ).[3] Na mgbakwunye, mgbaze aerobic na-emekarị ngwa ngwa karịa mgbaze anaerobic. Otú ọ dị, mgbaze anaerobic na-arụ ọrụ ka mma n'ibelata olu na ibu (mass) nke ihe a na-emebi emebi.[4] N'ihi na mgbaze anaerobic nwere ike ibelata olu na ibu nke mkpofu ma na-emepụtakwa gas sitere n'okike (methane), a na-eji teknụzụ mgbaze anaerobic eme ihe n'ọtụtụ usoro ijikwa mkpofu. A na-ejikwa ya dị ka isi iyi nke ume ọhụrụ a pụrụ imeghari (renewable energy) nke obodo nwere ike iji.

N'oge assimilation, a na-ejikọta ngwaahịa ndị sitere na biofragmentation n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ microbial.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Polymer biodegradation: mechanisms and estimation techniques|journal=Chemosphere|volume=73|issue=4|pages=429–42|date=September 2008|pmid=18723204|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.06.064}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLucasBienaimeBelloyQueneudec2008&quot;&gt;Lucas N, Bienaime C, Belloy C, Queneudec M, Silvestre F, Nava-Saucedo JE (September 2008). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ụfọdụ n'ime ngwaahịa ndị sitere na nkwarụ na-ebugharị n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ site na ndị na-ebu membrane. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọzọ ka ga-enwe mmeghachi omume biotransformation iji mepụta ngwaahịa ndị a ga-ebugharị n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ. Ozugbo n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ ahụ, ngwaahịa ndị ahụ na-abanye n'Ụzọ catabolic nke na-eduga na mmepụta nke adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị na mkpụrụ ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

; Usoro nhazi nke biodegradation nke ikuku
: Cpolymer + O2 → Cresidue + Cbiomass + CO2 + H2O

; Anaerobic biodegradation equation
: Cpolymer → Cresidue + Cbiomass + CO2 + CH4 + H2O

== Ihe ndị na-emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Decomposition_rates_of_marine_debris_items,_OWID.svg|thumb|Oge a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ ga-emebi ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị n'oké osimiri. A na-egosi ihe plastik na-acha anụnụ anụnụ.]]
N'ọrụ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ '''ngwakọta kemịkal (chemical compounds)''' na '''ihe dị iche iche (materials)''' niile na-agafe usoro '''mbibi sitere n'aka ihe dị ndụ (biodegradation)'''. Otú ọ dị, ihe kacha mkpa bụ '''ọsọ''' mbibi ahụ na-eme. Usoro mbibi ahụ nwere ike were '''ụbọchị ole na ole, izu, afọ, ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ narị afọ'''.

Ọtụtụ ihe na-ekpebi ọsọ mbibi nke ngwakọta organic ndị a. Ha gụnyere '''ìhè''', '''mmiri''', '''oksịjen (oxygen)''', na '''okpomọkụ'''.[1] Otu ihe ọzọ dị mkpa bụ '''bioavailability''', nke pụtara ogo ma ọ bụ ọsọ ihe ahụ si bụrụ nke a pụrụ ịnata n'ime usoro ihe dị ndụ ma ọ bụ bụrụ nke dị n'ebe ihe omume ndu na-eme.[2] Tupu ụmụ irighiri ndụ (microorganisms) enwee ike imebi ngwakọta ahụ, ọ ga-ebu ụzọ gbazee n'ime mmiri ma ọ bụ ngwọta (solution) ka ọ bụrụ nke ha nwere ike iji.

A pụrụ ịtụ ọsọ '''biodegradation''' n'ọtụtụ ụzọ. Otu ụzọ bụ iji '''ule respirometry''', nke a na-eji tụọ ọrụ ụmụ irighiri ndụ na-eji '''oksịjen (aerobic microbes)'''. N'ule a, a na-etinye '''nlele mkpofu siri ike (solid waste sample)''' n'ime akpa nwere '''ụmụ irighiri ndụ''' na '''ala''', e mesịa a na-enye ngwakọta ahụ oksịjen. Ka ụbọchị na-aga, ụmụ irighiri ndụ na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-emebi ihe nlele ahụ ma na-emepụta '''carbon dioxide (CO₂)'''. Ọnụ ọgụgụ CO₂ a na-emepụta na-egosi ogo ma ọ bụ ọsọ mbibi ahụ.

A pụkwara ịtụ '''biodegradability''' site n'ọrụ ụmụ irighiri ndụ na-adịghị achọ oksịjen ('''anaerobic microbes'''), site n'ịtụ oke '''methane''' ma ọ bụ '''alloy''' ha na-emepụta n'oge usoro ahụ.[3]

Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche ihe ndị na-emetụta ọnụego biodegradation n'oge nnwale ngwaahịa iji hụ na nsonaazụ ndị a na-emepụta ziri ezi ma bụrụ ndị a pụrụ ịdabere na ha. Ọtụtụ ihe ga-anwale dị ka ndị nwere ike imebi n'okpuru ọnọdụ kachasị mma na ụlọ nyocha maka nkwado mana nsonaazụ ndị a nwere ike ọ gaghị egosipụta ezigbo nsonaazụ ụwa ebe ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Research of the biodegradability of degradable/biodegradable plastic material in various types of environments|journal=Przegląd Naukowy. Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska|volume=26|year=2017|pages=3–14|doi=10.22630/PNIKS.2017.26.1.01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe nwere ike ịnwale dị ka biodegrading na ọnụego dị elu na ụlọ nyocha nwere ike ọ gaghị emebi na ọnụego kachasị elu n'ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa n'ihi na ebe a na-akpofu ahịha anaghị enwekarị ìhè, mmiri, na ọrụ microbial dị mkpa maka mmebi.&lt;ref name=&quot;SLH&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1543-measuring-biodegradability|title=Measuring biodegradability|work=Science Learning Hub|accessdate=2018-09-19|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya mere, ọ dị ezigbo mkpa na e nwere ụkpụrụ maka ngwaahịa plastik biodegradable, nke nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi. Mmepe na ojiji nke usoro nyocha ziri ezi nwere ike inye aka hụ na plastik niile a na-emepụta ma na-ere ahịa ga-emebi n'ezie na gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|date=1995|editor=Scott|title=Degradable Polymers|publisher=Dordrecht Springer|location=Netherlands|doi=10.1007/978-94-011-0571-2|isbn=978-94-010-4253-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu ule e mepụtara maka nzube a bụ DINV 54900.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Biodegradable Polymeric Materials-Not the Origin but the Chemical Structure Determines Biodegradability|journal=Angewandte Chemie|volume=38|issue=10|pages=1438–1442|date=May 1999|pmid=29711570|doi=10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(19990517)38:10&lt;1438::aid-anie1438&gt;3.0.co;2-u}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọganihu ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya emeela ka nlekota oge nke polymer biodegradation site na iji biosensors jikọtara ya na mmụta igwe, na-emeziwanye izi ezi nke nyocha mmebi n'okpuru ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi dịgasị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;Javed2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Javed|first=M.|title=Real-time monitoring of polymer biodegradation using biosensors and machine learning|journal=Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical|volume=417|year=2024|doi=10.1016/j.snb.2024.134294}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Oge a na-atụle maka ngwakọta iji mebie na gburugburu mmiri 
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:175px;&quot; |Ngwaahịa
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:175px;&quot; |Oge Ịga Biodegrade
|-
|[[Akpụkpọ anụ akwụkwọ]]
|Izu 2-4
|-
|Akwụkwọ akụkọ
|Izu 6
|-
|[[Apple|Isi apụl]]
|Ọnwa 2
|-
|Igbe kaadị
|Ọnwa 2
|-
|[[Katọn|katọn mmiri ara ehi]] e ji wax kpuchie
|Ọnwa 3
|-
|Ogwe aka owuwe ihe ubi
|1-5 ọnwa
|-
|Gloves [[Ajị anụ]]
|1 afọ
|-
|Plywood
|Afọ 1-3
|-
|Ogwe [[Ńkú|osisi]] ndị e sere ese
|Afọ 13
|-
|Igbe plastik
|Afọ 10-20
|-
|Igbe tin
|Afọ 50
|-
|Diaper ndị a na-atụfu
|Afọ 50-100
|-
|Bottle plastik
|100 Afọ
|-
|Igbe aluminum
|Afọ 200
|-
|Igbe iko
|Enweghị mkpebi
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Oge maka ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị iji mebie na gburugburu ụwa &lt;ref name=&quot;SLH&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1543-measuring-biodegradability|title=Measuring biodegradability|work=Science Learning Hub|accessdate=2018-09-19|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1543-measuring-biodegradability &quot;Measuring biodegradability&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nri
|Ụbọchị 5 - 1 ọnwa
|-
|Akwụkwọ
|Ọnwa 2-5
|-
|T-shirt Cotton
|Ọnwa 6
|-
|Akpụkpọ anụ oroma
|Ọnwa 6
|-
|Akwụkwọ osisi
|1 afọ
|-
|Akpụkpọ ụkwụ ajị anụ
|Afọ 1-5
|-
|Katọn mmiri ara ehi e ji plastik kpuchie
|Afọ 5
|-
|akpụkpọ ụkwụ Akpụkpọ anụ
|Afọ 25-40
|-
|Nylon akwa
|Afọ 30-40
|-
|Igbe tin
|Afọ 50-100
|-
|Igbe aluminum
|Afọ 80-100
|-
|Igbe iko
|Otu nde afọ
|-
|Iko Styrofoam
|Afọ 500 ruo mgbe ebighi ebi
|-
|Igbe plastik
|Afọ 500 ruo mgbe ebighi ebi
|}

== Ụdị ihe onwunwe n'otu n'otu ==

=== Ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ ===
Polycyclic aromatics bụ ihe nwere ike ibute ọrịa kansa nke a na-emepụta site na nhazi nke mmanụ na coal.

=== Plastik ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Okwu ahụ bụ plastik mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.882682/full|title=Effect of Different Ratios of Glycerol and Erythritol on Properties of Corn Starch-Based Films|journal=Frontiers in Nutrition|date=2022-04-25|doi=10.3389/fnut.2022.882682|accessdate=2026-03-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-ezo aka n'ihe ndị na-anọgide na-enwe ike ha n'oge a na-eji ha eme ihe ma na-agbada n'ime ihe ndị dị ala na ihe ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu mgbe ejiri ha mee ihe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ikada_2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ikada|first=Yoshito|date=February 2000|title=Biodegradable polyesters for medical and ecological applications|journal=Macromolecular Rapid Communications|volume=21|issue=3|pages=117–132|doi=10.1002/(sici)1521-3927(20000201)21:3&lt;117::aid-marc117&gt;3.0.co;2-x|url=http://web.mit.edu/course/10/10.569/www/ikadaPEreview.pdf|accessdate=2011-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eme ka mmebi a nwee ike site na mwakpo nke microorganisms na ihe ahụ, nke na-abụkarị polymer na-adịghị agbaze na mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Muller|first=Rolf-Joachim|editor=Steinbüchel|chapter=Biodegradability of Polymers: Regulations and Methods for Testing|title=Biopolymers|publisher=Wiley-VCH|isbn=978-3-527-30290-1|chapterurl=https://application.wiley-vch.de/books/biopoly/pdf_v10/vol10_19.pdf|doi=10.1002/3527600035.bpola012|year=2005|accessdate=2018-09-19}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMuller2005&quot;&gt;Muller RJ (2005). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Enwere ike inweta ihe ndị dị otú ahụ site na njikọ kemịkal, fermentation site na microorganisms, na site na kemịkal gbanwere kemịkal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Biodegradable plastics from renewable sources|journal=Folia Microbiologica|volume=48|issue=1|pages=27–44|date=January 2003|pmid=12744074|doi=10.1007/bf02931273}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Plastik na-agbada na ọnụego dịgasị iche iche. A na-ahọrọ pọmpụ dabeere na PVC maka ijikwa [[Mmiri mkpofu|nsị]] n'ihi na PVC na-eguzogide mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-emepụta ụfọdụ ihe nkwakọba ihe nke ga-emebi ngwa ngwa mgbe ọ na-ekpughe gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kyrikou|first=Ioanna|date=12 Apr 2007|title=Biodegradation of Agricultural Plastic Films: A Critical Review|journal=Journal of Polymers and the Environment|volume=15|issue=2|pages=125–150|doi=10.1007/s10924-007-0053-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe atụ nke polymer ndị na-emepụta ihe na-agbada ngwa ngwa gụnyere polycaprolactone, polyesters ndị ọzọ na aromatic-aliphatic esters, n'ihi na njikọ ester ha nwere ike ịwakpo mmiri. Ihe atụ a ma ama bụ poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, Polylactic acid a na-enweta na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ndị ọzọ bụ cellulose-based cellulose acetate na celluloid (cellulose nitrate).
[[Faịlụ:Polylactid_sceletal.svg|thumb|Polylactic acid bụ ihe atụ nke plastik nke na-agbada ngwa ngwa.]]
N'okpuru ọnọdụ oxygen dị ala, plastik na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbaji. Enwere ike ime ka usoro mmebi ahụ dị ngwa n'ime ụyọkọ compost a haziri n'ụzọ pụrụ iche. Plastic ndị dabeere na starch ga-emebi n'ime ọnwa abụọ ruo anọ n'ime ụlọ compost, ebe polylactic acid bụ nke a na-ejighị n'aka, na-achọ okpomọkụ dị elu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/pls/portallive/docs/1/33773706.PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602155241/http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/pls/portallive/docs/1/33773706.PDF|archivedate=2013-06-02|title=Section 6: Biodegradability of Packaging Waste|publisher=Imperial College London|accessdate=2014-03-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Polycaprolactone na polycaprolactona-starch composites na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ emebi, mana ihe dị n'ime ya na-eme ka ọ dị ngwa site n'ịhapụ polycaprolactorone nwere oghere, ebe dị elu. Ka o sina dị, ọ na-ewe ọtụtụ ọnwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wu|first=Chin-San|title=Physical properties and biodegradability of maleated-polycaprolactone/starch composite|journal=Polymer Degradation and Stability|date=January 2003|volume=80|issue=1|pages=127–134|doi=10.1016/S0141-3910(02)00393-2|url=http://www.kyu.edu.tw/93/epaperv6/93-129.pdf|accessdate=2012-06-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2016, a chọpụtara nje bacteria aha ya bụ ''Ideonella sakaiensis'' ka ọ na-emebi PET. N'afọ 2020, enzyme na-emebi PET nke nje bacteria, PETase, agbanweela ma jikọta ya na MHETase iji mebie PET ngwa ngwa, ma mebie PEF. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Carrington|first=Damian|title=New super-enzyme eats plastic bottles six times faster|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/28/new-super-enzyme-eats-plastic-bottles-six-times-faster|accessdate=12 October 2020|work=The Guardian|date=28 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Plastic-eating enzyme 'cocktail' heralds new hope for plastic waste|url=https://phys.org/news/2020-09-plastic-eating-enzyme-cocktail-heralds-plastic.html|accessdate=12 October 2020|work=phys.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Knott|first=Brandon C.|title=Characterization and engineering of a two-enzyme system for plastics depolymerization|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=24 September 2020|volume=117|issue=41|pages=25476–25485|doi=10.1073/pnas.2006753117|pmid=32989159|language=en|issn=0027-8424}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2021, ndị na-eme nchọpụta kọrọ na ngwakọta nke microorganisms sitere na afọ ehi nwere ike imebi ụdị plastik atọ.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Spary|first=Sara|title=Cows' stomachs can break down plastic, study finds|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/02/world/cows-plastic-scli-intl-scn/index.html|accessdate=14 August 2021|work=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Quartinello|first=Felice|title=Together Is Better: The Rumen Microbial Community as Biological Toolbox for Degradation of Synthetic Polyesters|journal=Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology|date=2021|volume=9|doi=10.3389/fbioe.2021.684459|language=English|issn=2296-4185}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta plastik agafeela ọbụna ikwu na plastik ha nwere ike ime compostage, na-edekarị starch ọka dị ka ihe mejupụtara ya. Otú ọ dị, nkwupụta ndị a bụ ihe a na-enyo enyo n'ihi na ụlọ ọrụ plastik na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru nkọwa nke ya nke compostable:

: &quot;nke nwere ike ịnata ire ure nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na ebe a na-eme compost nke mere na ihe ahụ anaghị ahụ anya ma na-agbawa n'ime carbon dioxide, mmiri, inorganic compounds na biomass na ọnụego kwekọrọ na ihe ndị a maara compostable. &quot; (Ref: ASTM D 6002) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.compostable.info/compostable.htm|title=Compostable|publisher=Compostable.info|accessdate=2014-03-02|archivedate=2020-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112012056/http://www.compostable.info/compostable.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ejikarị okwu ahụ bụ &quot;composting&quot; eme ihe n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi iji kọwaa biodegradation nke ihe nkwakọba ihe. Nkọwa iwu dị maka compostability, usoro nke na-eduga na compost. European Union na-enye ụkpụrụ anọ: &lt;ref name=&quot;EN 13432&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Requirements of the EN 13432 standard|url=https://docs.european-bioplastics.org/publications/bp/EUBP_BP_En_13432.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924190657/https://docs.european-bioplastics.org/publications/bp/EUBP_BP_En_13432.pdf|archivedate=2018-09-24|date=April 2015|work=European Bioplastics|accessdate=July 22, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|chapter=Polymers, Biodegradable|title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|date=2012|publisher=Wiley-VCH|location=Weinheim|doi=10.1002/14356007.n21_n01|isbn=978-3-527-30673-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# Ihe mejupụtara kemịkal: ihe na-agbaze agbaze na ọla dị arọ yana fluorine kwesịrị ịbụ nke a kpaara ókè.
# Biodegradability: ntụgharị nke &gt;90% nke ihe mbụ na , mmiri na mineral site na usoro ndụ n'ime ọnwa 6.
# Disintegrability: ọ dịkarịa ala 90% nke ịdị arọ mbụ ga-agbaze n'ime ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị nwere ike ịgafe 2x2 mm sieve.
# Quality: enweghị ihe na-egbu egbu na ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbochi composting.

== Nkà na ụzụ nke mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ ==
Nkà na ụzụ nke mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ bụ teknụzụ e guzobere na ngwa ụfọdụ na nkwakọ ngwaahịa, mmepụta, na ọgwụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid12161646&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Biodegradable polymers for the environment|journal=Science|volume=297|issue=5582|pages=803–7|date=August 2002|pmid=12161646|doi=10.1126/science.297.5582.803|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1231185|accessdate=2019-06-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isi ihe mgbochi maka mmejuputa zuru oke bụ mgbanwe n'etiti biodegradability na arụmọrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, plastik ndị dabeere na lactide bụ ihe nkwakọba dị ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ọdịnala.

CEN (European Standards Organisation) na-akọwa  mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ dị ka &quot;mmebi nke sitere na ihe omume oxidative na cell-mediated, ma ọ bụ n'otu oge ma ọ bụ na-aga n'ihu&quot;. Ọ bụ ezie na mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akọwakọta ya dị ka &quot;oxo-fragmentable, na &quot;oxo -degradable&quot; okwu ndị a na- akọwa naanị nke mbụ ma ọ gaghị eji emebi ihe site na usoro nke oxo-biadegradation akọwapụtara ma mee ihe iji mee ihe iji nye ya dị ukwuu iji mee ihe eji emebi usoro ndụ dị ka ọ dị mma iji mee ka usoro biodegradation: nkọwa dị mma iji nye usoro mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ iji mee ka ọ dị mkpa iji mee ka ihe iji mee ka&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid15864950&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Biodegradability of degradable plastic waste|journal=Waste Management &amp; Research|volume=23|issue=2|pages=95–100|date=April 2005|pmid=15864950|doi=10.1177/0734242X05051045}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị ọrụ ahụike na-eji teknụzụ nke mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ eme ihe karịsịa. A na-ekewa polymers ndị a na-emebi emebi n'ìgwè atọ: ọgwụ, gburugburu ebe obibi, na itinye n'ọrụ abụọ, ebe a na-eke ha n'ìhè abụọ: nke okike na nke aka mere.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ikada_2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ikada|first=Yoshito|date=February 2000|title=Biodegradable polyesters for medical and ecological applications|journal=Macromolecular Rapid Communications|volume=21|issue=3|pages=117–132|doi=10.1002/(sici)1521-3927(20000201)21:3&lt;117::aid-marc117&gt;3.0.co;2-x|url=http://web.mit.edu/course/10/10.569/www/ikadaPEreview.pdf|accessdate=2011-03-08}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIkadaTsuji2000&quot;&gt;Ikada Y, Tsuji H (February 2000). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ndi Nka nu uzu ocha na-eji ojiji nke supercritical carbon dioxide, nke n'okpuru nrụgide dị elu na okpomọkụ ime ụlọ bụ ihe na-agwọ agwọ nke nwere ike iji plastik biodegradable mee polymer ọgwụ mkpuchi. A na-eji polymer (nke pụtara ihe mejupụtara mkpụrụ ndụ nwere usoro nhazi ugboro ugboro nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ogologo) iji tinye ọgwụ tupu etinye ya n'ime ahụ ma dabere na lactic acid, ihe a na-emepụta n'ime anụ ahụ, ya mere enwere ike iwepụ ya n'ụzọ okike. A na-emepụta mkpuchi ahụ maka ịhapụ ya n'oge ụfọdụ, na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgwụ ndị achọrọ ma na-eme ka uru ọgwụgwọ dịkwuo ukwuu. Prọfesọ Steve Howdle na-ekwu na polymer biodegradable na-adọrọ mmasị karịsịa maka iji ya na nnyefe ọgwụ, dịka ozugbo a kpọbatara ha n'ime ahụ ha anaghị achọ iweghachite ma ọ bụ mmegharị ọzọ ma na-emebi ha n'ihe ndị na-agbari agbari, ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu. Polymer dị iche iche na-emebi na ọnụego dị iche iche n'ime ahụ ya mere enwere ike ịhazi nhọrọ polymer iji nweta ọnụego ntọhapụ achọrọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Using Green Chemistry to Deliver Cutting Edge Drugs|author=The University of Nottingham|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070913132945.htm|work=Science Daily|date=September 13, 2007|accessdate=September 24, 2018|archivedate=September 24, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924070721/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/09/070913132945.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngwa ndị ọzọ nke biomedic gụnyere ojiji nke mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ, elastic shape-memory polymers. Enwere ike iji ihe ndị a na-etinye na ya eme ihe ugbu a maka usoro ịwa ahụ na-emetụta obere site na polymer thermoplastic. Polymer ndị a nwere ike ịgbanwe ọdịdị ha ugbu a site na mmụba nke okpomọkụ, na-akpata ikike ncheta ọdịdị yana sutures na-emebi ngwa ngwa. N'ihi ya, ihe ndị a na-etinye n'ime ya nwere ike ịbanye ugbu a site na obere incisions, ndị dọkịta nwere ike ime nkwarụ dị mgbagwoju anya n'ụzọ dị mfe, na sutures na ihe ndị ọzọ na-enyere aka nwere ike imebi mgbe a wasịrị ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid11976407&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Biodegradable, elastic shape-memory polymers for potential biomedical applications|journal=Science|volume=296|issue=5573|pages=1673–6|date=May 2002|pmid=11976407|doi=10.1126/science.1066102}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ na Imepụta kọmpọọsụ ==
Enweghị nkọwa zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ ma enwere nkọwa dị iche iche nke composting, nke dugara na mgbagwoju anya dị ukwuu n'etiti okwu ndị ahụ. A na-ejikọkarị ha ọnụ; Otú ọ dị, ha enweghị otu ihe ọ pụtara. Mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ bụ mmebi nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ala site na microorganisms dị ka nje bacteria na fungus ma ọ bụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gómez|first=Eddie F.|title=Biodegradability of conventional and bio-based plastics and natural fiber composites during composting, anaerobic digestion and long-term soil incubation|journal=Polymer Degradation and Stability|date=December 2013|volume=98|issue=12|pages=2583–2591|doi=10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.09.018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Composting bụ usoro mmadụ na-akpali nke biodegradation na-eme n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bpiworld.org/Composting|title=Biodegradable Products Institute – Composting|work=bpiworld.org|language=en|accessdate=2018-09-24|archivedate=2018-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924185940/https://bpiworld.org/Composting}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe dị iche n'etiti ha abụọ bụ na otu usoro na-eme n'ụzọ okike na otu bụ nke mmadụ na-akpali.

Ihe na-emebi emebi nwere ike ire ure na-enweghị isi iyi oxygen (anaerobically) n'ime carbon dioxide, mmiri, na biomass, mana akọwaghị usoro iheomume ahụ kpọmkwem. N'otu aka ahụ, ihe a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ carbon dioxide, mmiri, na biomass; Otú ọ dị, ihe a ga-eme ka a bụrụ ihe na-emefu na-emebi n'ime ihe ndị na-abụghị ihe. A na-akọwa usoro maka composting n'ụzọ doro anya karị, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ mmadụ na-achịkwa ya. N'ụzọ bụ isi, composting bụ usoro biodegradation ngwa ngwa n'ihi ọnọdụ kachasị mma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Magdoff|first=Fred|date=November 1993|title=Building Soils for Better Crops|journal=Soil Science|volume=156|issue=5|doi=10.1097/00010694-199311000-00014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tụkwasị na nke a, ngwaahịa ikpeazụ nke composting ọ bụghị naanị na ọ laghachiri na ọnọdụ mbụ ya, kamakwa ọ na-emepụta ma na-agbakwunye microorganisms bara uru na ala a na-akpọ [[humus]]. Enwere ike iji ihe a sitere n'okike mee ihe n'ogige na n'ugbo iji nyere aka ịzụlite osisi ndị dị mma n'ọdịnihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.accessscience.com/content/325510|title=Humus|author=Morris|first=Schnitzer|journal=AccessScience|doi=10.1036/1097-8542.325510|accessdate=2018-09-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Composting na-eme mgbe niile n'ime oge dị mkpirikpi ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ usoro akọwapụtara nke ọma ma mee ka ọ dị ngwa site na ntinye aka mmadụ. Biodegradation nwere ike ime n'oge dị iche iche n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị iche iche, mana a na-ezube ime ya n'ụzọ okike na-enweghị ntinye aka mmadụ.
[[Faịlụ:Organic_Waste_Disposal_Streams.pdf|thumb|Ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-anọchite anya ụzọ dị iche iche nke mkpofu ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|chapter=Composting in the Framework of the EU Landfill Directive|date=2002|title=Microbiology of Composting|pages=473–486|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|doi=10.1007/978-3-662-08724-4_39|isbn=978-3-642-08705-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ọbụna n'ime composting, enwere ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke nke a nwere ike ime. Ụdị composting abụọ bụ n'ụlọ na azụmahịa. Ha abụọ na-emepụta ala dị mma iji mee ihe ọzọ - isi ihe dị iche bụ ihe ndị nwere ike ịbanye na usoro ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Magdoff|first=Fred|date=November 1993|title=Building Soils for Better Crops|journal=Soil Science|volume=156|issue=5|doi=10.1097/00010694-199311000-00014}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMagdoff1993&quot;&gt;Magdoff F (November 1993). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ejikarị composting n'ụlọ eme ihe maka ihe oriri na ihe ubi karịrị akarị, dị ka ahịhịa. Commercial composting nwere ike imebi ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ dị mgbagwoju anya, dị ka plastik sitere na ọka na nnukwu ihe, dị ka alaka osisi. Commercial composting na-amalite site na ntuziaka nke ihe eji eme ihe site na iji igwe ma ọ bụ igwe ọzọ iji malite usoro ahụ. N'ihi na composting n'ụlọ na-emekarị na obere ma ọ naghị agụnye nnukwu ígwè ọrụ, ihe ndị a agaghị emebi n'ụzọ zuru ezu na composting ụlọ. Ọzọkwa, otu nnyocha atụwo ma gosipụta ọdịiche dị n'ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na-ekwu na enwere uru na ọghọm na ha abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The use of life cycle assessment for the comparison of biowaste composting at home and full scale|journal=Waste Management|volume=30|issue=6|pages=983–94|date=June 2010|pmid=20211555|doi=10.1016/j.wasman.2010.02.023|url=http://ddd.uab.cat/record/163720|accessdate=2018-09-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnyocha ndị na-esonụ na-enye ihe atụ nke akọwapụtara composting dị ka akụkụ nke biodegradation na ọnọdụ sayensị. Nnyocha mbụ, &quot;Nnyocha nke Biodegradability nke Plastics n'okpuru Simulated Composting Conditions in a Laboratory Test Setting,&quot; na-enyocha composting n'ụzọ doro anya dị ka usoro ọnọdụ ndị na-adaba n'okpuru ụdị mmebi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1996-01-01|title=Assessment of biodegradability of plastics under simulated composting conditions in a laboratory test system|journal=International Biodeterioration &amp; Biodegradation|volume=37|issue=1–2|pages=85–92|doi=10.1016/0964-8305(95)00089-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tụkwasị na nke a, nnyocha a na-esote lere anya na biodegradation na mmetụta composting nke polylactic acid na-agwakọta na kemịkal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2012-02-01|title=Some composting and biodegradation effects of physically or chemically crosslinked poly(lactic acid)|journal=Polymer Testing|volume=31|issue=1|pages=83–92|doi=10.1016/j.polymertesting.2011.09.012|author=Żenkiewicz|first=Marian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Karịsịa ịkọwa composting na biodegrading dị ka okwu abụọ dị iche iche. Nnyocha nke atọ na nke ikpeazụ na-enyocha ụkpụrụ Europe nke ihe biodegradable na compostable na ụlọ ọrụ nkwakọba ihe, ọzọ na-eji okwu ahụ iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2001-01-01|title=European current standardization for plastic packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation|journal=Polymer Testing|language=en|volume=20|issue=5|pages=517–521|doi=10.1016/S0142-9418(00)00068-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdịiche dị n'etiti okwu ndị a dị oke mkpa n'ihi na mgbagwoju anya na-[[Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu]] na-eduga n'ịtọhapụ ihe ndị mmadụ n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị kwa ụbọchị. Nkà na ụzụ nke mbibi emeela ka e nwee ọganihu dị ukwuu n'otú anyị si ewepụ ihe mkpofu; ugbu a, e nwere ihe mkpofu, imegharị ihe, na ihe mkpofu iji melite usoro mkpofu. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na a na-agbagwoju anya na iyi mkpofu ndị a ugboro ugboro, mgbe ahụ usoro mkpofu ahụ adịghị mma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Plastic Bag Externalities and Policy in Rhode Island|url=http://seattlebagtax.org/referencedpdfs/en-akullianetal.pdf|journal=Brown Policy Review|date=2006|accessdate=2018-09-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mepụtara ihe ndị a na-emebi emebi na ihe ndị a ga-eme ka ha gbasaa iji hụ na ihe mkpofu mmadụ nwere ike imebi ma laghachi na ọnọdụ mbụ ya, ma ọ bụ n'ihe gbasara composting ọbụna tinye ihe na-edozi ahụ n'ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences|volume=364|issue=1526|pages=2127–39|date=July 2009|pmid=19528060|doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0289}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe a tụpụrụ ngwaahịa a na-etinye compostable karịa composted ma zigara ya n'ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa, ihe ndị a mepụtara na mgbalị na-efu efu. Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ka ụmụ amaala ghọta ọdịiche dị n'etiti okwu ndị a ka e wee nwee ike iwepụ ihe ndị ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi na nke ọma.

== Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ==
[[Mmetọ plastik]] sitere na ịtụfu iwu na-akwadoghị na-eweta ihe ize ndụ ahụike nye anụ ọhịa. Ụmụ anụmanụ na-ejikarị plastik eme ihe maka nri, na-akpata mgbagwoju anya nke eriri afọ. Chemicals na-eji nwayọ emebi, dị ka polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), nonylphenol (NP), na pesticides a na-ahụkwa na plastik, nwere ike ịhapụ n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi ma mesịa bụrụ nke anụ ọhịa riri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Webb|first=Hayden|date=2012-12-28|title=Plastic Degradation and Its Environmental Implications with Special Reference to Poly(ethylene terephthalate)|journal=Polymers|volume=5|issue=1|pages=1–18|doi=10.3390/polym5010001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chemicals ndị a na-arụkwa ọrụ na ahụike mmadụ, dịka iri nri na-adịghị mma (n'usoro a na-akpọ biomagnification na bioaccumulation) ejikọtara ya na nsogbu ndị dị ka ọrịa kansa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Food web-specific biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants|journal=Science|volume=317|issue=5835|pages=236–9|date=July 2007|pmid=17626882|doi=10.1126/science.1138275}}&lt;/ref&gt; nsogbu akwara, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Human mercury exposure and adverse health effects in the Amazon: a review|journal=Cadernos de Saude Publica|volume=24|pages=s503–20|date=2008|issue=Suppl 4|pmid=18797727|doi=10.1590/s0102-311x2008001600004}}&lt;/ref&gt; na mgbanwe homonụ. Ihe atụ a ma ama nke biomagnification na-emetụta ahụike n'oge na-adịbeghị anya bụ mmụba nke ikpughe na ọkwa dị elu nke mercury n'ime azụ, nke nwere ike imetụta homonụ mmekọahụ n'ime ụmụ mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Perspectives in endocrine toxicity of heavy metals--a review|journal=Biological Trace Element Research|volume=160|issue=1|pages=1–14|date=July 2014|pmid=24898714|doi=10.1007/s12011-014-0023-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In efforts to remediate the damages done by slow-degrading plastics, detergents, metals, and other pollutants created by humans, economic costs have become a concern. Marine litter in particular is notably difficult to quantify and review.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Newman|first=Stephanie|chapter=The Economics of Marine Litter|date=2015|title=Marine Anthropogenic Litter|pages=367–394|publisher=Springer International Publishing|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_14|isbn=978-3-319-16509-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Researchers at the World Trade Institute estimate that cleanup initiatives' cost (specifically in ocean ecosystems) has hit close to thirteen billion dollars a year.&lt;ref name=&quot;Matsangou_2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Elizabeth|author=Matsangou|date=2 July 2018|url=https://www.worldfinance.com/markets/counting-the-cost-of-plastic-pollution|title=Counting the cost of plastic pollution|accessdate=17 September 2018|work=World Finance}}&lt;/ref&gt; The main concern stems from marine environments, with the biggest cleanup efforts centering around garbage patches in the ocean. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a garbage patch the size of Mexico, is located in the Pacific Ocean. It is estimated to be upwards of a million square miles in size. While the patch contains more obvious examples of litter (plastic bottles, cans, and bags), tiny microplastics are nearly impossible to clean up.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Plastic debris and policy: Using current scientific understanding to invoke positive change|journal=Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry|volume=35|issue=7|pages=1617–26|date=July 2016|pmid=27331654|doi=10.1002/etc.3408}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''National Geographic'' reports that even more non-biodegradable materials are finding their way into vulnerable environments – nearly thirty-eight million pieces a year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Shaena|author=Montanari|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/07/ocean-plastic-patch-south-pacific-spd/|title=Plastic Garbage Patch Bigger Than Mexico Found in Pacific|date=2017-07-25|accessdate=2018-09-17|work=National Geographic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe ndị na-emebibeghị nwekwara ike ịbụ ebe mgbaba maka ụdị ndị na-awakpo, dị ka ikpuru tube na barnacles. Mgbe gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbanwe na nzaghachi maka ụdị ndị na-awakpo, ụdị ndị bi na ya na nguzozi nke ihe onwunwe, ọdịiche dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na ọgaranya nke ụdị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Environmental implications of plastic debris in marine settings--entanglement, ingestion, smothering, hangers-on, hitch-hiking and alien invasions|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences|volume=364|issue=1526|pages=2013–25|date=July 2009|pmid=19528053|doi=10.1098/rstb.2008.0265}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ndị a nwere ike ịkwado akụ na ụba mpaghara n'ụzọ ịchụ nta na aquaculture, nke na-ata ahụhụ na nzaghachi maka mgbanwe ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2018-10-01|title=Marine plastic pollution as a planetary boundary threat – The drifting piece in the sustainability puzzle|journal=Marine Policy|language=en|volume=96|pages=213–220|doi=10.1016/j.marpol.2017.11.035}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu aka ahụ, obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na njem nleta gburugburu ebe obibi na-efunahụ ego site na mmụba nke mmetọ, ebe ọ bụ na osimiri ma ọ bụ ụsọ mmiri ha anaghịzi achọ ndị njem. Ụlọ ọrụ World Trade Institute na-ekwukwa na obodo ndị na-enwekarị mmetụta nke mmebi nke biodegradation bụ mba ndị dara ogbenye na-enweghị ụzọ ịkwụ ụgwọ maka nhicha ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Matsangou_2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Elizabeth|author=Matsangou|date=2 July 2018|url=https://www.worldfinance.com/markets/counting-the-cost-of-plastic-pollution|title=Counting the cost of plastic pollution|accessdate=17 September 2018|work=World Finance}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMatsangou2018&quot;&gt;Matsangou E (2 July 2018). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime mmetụta nzaghachi dị mma, ha n'aka nke ha nwere nsogbu ịchịkwa isi iyi mmetọ nke ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Socioeconomic Disparities and Air Pollution Exposure: a Global Review|journal=Current Environmental Health Reports|volume=2|issue=4|pages=440–50|date=December 2015|pmid=26381684|doi=10.1007/s40572-015-0069-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Okwu mmalite nke &quot;Mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ&quot; ==
Ojiji mbụ a maara nke Mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ na ihe ndị dị ndụ bụ na 1959 mgbe e ji ya kọwaa mmebi nke ihe n'ime ihe ndị na-adịghị emerụ ahụ site na microorganisms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/biodegradable|title=Definition of BIODEGRADABLE|work=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-09-24|archivedate=2018-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924190238/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/biodegradable}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugbu a, a na-ejikọkarị Mgbukpọ nke Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ na ngwaahịa ndị na-adịghị emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi bụ akụkụ nke okirikiri ụwa dị ka Okirikiri carbon ma nwee ike ịtọgbọ azụ n'ime ihe okike.

== Hụkwa ==
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== Ihe edeturu ==
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== Ihe odide ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

=== Ụkpụrụ site na ASTM International ===

* D5210- Ụzọ Nnyocha Standard maka Ịchọpụta Anaerobic Biodegradation nke Plastic Materials na Ọnụnọ nke Obodo Mmiri Mmiri Mmị
* D5526- Ụzọ Nnyocha Standard maka Ịchọpụta Anaerobic Biodegradation nke Plastic Materials n'okpuru Ọnọdụ Nchịkọta Ngwa ngwa
* D5338- Ụzọ Nnyocha Standard maka Ịchọpụta Aerobic Biodegradation nke Plastic Materials n'okpuru Ọnọdụ Nchịkwa Composting, Na-etinye Okpomọkụ Thermophilic
* D5511- Ụzọ Nnyocha Standard maka Ịchọpụta Anaerobic Biodegradation nke Plastic Materials n'okpuru High-Solids Anaerobic-Digestion Conditions
* D5864- Ụzọ Nnyocha Standard maka Ịchọpụta Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation nke Lubricants ma ọ bụ Ihe Ha
* D5988- Ụzọ Nnyocha Standard maka Ịchọpụta Aerobic Biodegradation nke Plastic Materials na Ala
* D6139- Ụzọ Nnyocha Standard maka Ịchọpụta Aerobic Aquatic Biodegradation nke Lubricants ma ọ bụ Ihe Ha Na-eji Gledhill Shake Flask
* D6006- Ntuziaka ọkọlọtọ maka Ịtụle Biodegradability nke Hydraulic Fluids
* D6340- Ụzọ Nnyocha Aerobic Biodegradation nke Radiolabeled Plastic Materials na Aqueous ma ọ bụ Compost Environment
* D6691- Ụzọ Nnyocha Standard maka Ịchọpụta Aerobic Biodegradation nke Plastic Materials na Marine Environment site na Consortium Microbial ma ọ bụ Natural Sea Water Inoculum
* D6731-Ụzọ Nnyocha Aerobic, Aquatic Biodegradability nke Lubricants ma ọ bụ Lubricant Components na Respirometer mechiri emechi
* D6954- Ntuziaka ọkọlọtọ maka ikpughe na ịnwale plastik nke na-emebi na gburugburu ebe obibi site na ngwakọta nke oxidation na Biodegradation
* D7044- Nkọwapụta ọkọlọtọ maka Biodegradable Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids
* D7373-Ụzọ Nnyocha Standard maka ịkọ ọdịdị nke Lubricants site na iji Bio-kinetic Model
* D7475- Ụzọ Nnyocha Standard maka Ịchọpụta Aerobic Degradation na Anaerobic Biodegradation nke Plastic Materials n'okpuru Accelerated Bioreactor Landfill Conditions
* D7665- Ntuziaka ọkọlọtọ maka Nnyocha nke Mmiri Na-ebufe Okpomọkụ

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.european-bioplastics.org/ European Bioplastics Association]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130723014926/http://www.fpintl.com/resources/wp_biodegradable_plastics.htm Sayensị nke Plastic Biodegradable: Eziokwu n'azụ Biodegradable Plastic Packaging Material]
* [http://www.biosphereplastic.com/uncategorized/what-is-biodegradation/ Nkọwa plastik a na-emebi emebi]
{{Waste}}{{Authority control}}
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