Ȯra Ọyọ

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|align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#d3d3d3&quot;|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot;&gt;'''Ȯra Ọyọ'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-small;&quot;&gt;[[List of Nigerian state nicknames|State nickname]]: Pace Setter State&lt;/span&gt;
|-
!align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Location
|-
!align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot;|[[File:Nigeria Oyo State map.png|200px|Location of Ọyọ State in Nigeria]]
|-
!align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#efefef&quot; colspan=&quot;3&quot;|Statistics
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|'''[[List of Nigerian state governors|Governor]]'''
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|[[Abiola Ajimobi]] ([[Action Congress of Nigeria|ACN]])
|-
!align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|[[List of Nigerian states by date of statehood|Date Created]]
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|[[3 Febrụwarị]] [[1976]]
|-
!align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|[[List of Nigerian state capitals|Capital]]
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|[[Ibadan]]
|-
!align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|[[List of Nigerian states by area|Area]]
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|28,454&amp;nbsp;km²&lt;br /&gt; [[List of Nigerian states by area|Ranked 14th]]
|-
|align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|'''[[List of Nigerian states by population|Population]]''' &lt;br /&gt; 1991 Census &lt;br /&gt; 2006 est.
|align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;| [[List of Nigerian states by population|Ranked 5th]]&lt;br /&gt; N/A &lt;br /&gt; 5,591,589
|-
!align=&quot;left&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|ISO 3166-2
|colspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;|NG-OY
|-
|'''Website'''
||[https://web.archive.org/web/20121008212824/http://www.oyostate.gov.ng/ oyostate.gov.ng]
|}
[[Usòrò:Ijio Hill, Iwajowa LGA, Oyo State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Ijio Hill, Iwajowa LGA, Oyo State]]
'''Ȯra Ọyọ''' ''(Oyo State)'' bu steti no n'ime [[Naigeria]]. 

== Ihu igwe ==
Ọra  Oyo nwere ihu igwe abụọ, ha bụ Udummiri na Ọkọchị. [[Okpomọkụ nke nguzozi mbara ala|Okpomọkụ]] nke Steeti a na ebido karị na (28.99*c rue na 84.18*f)

Oge Udummiri na ebido karị na ọnwa Apurelu rue na ọnwa Ọktoba  afọ ọbụla.

[[Oké ọkọchị|Oge Ọkọchị]] na ebido karị na ọnwa Ekeresimesi rue na ọnwa Maachị.

Na oge Ọkọchị, ana enwe oge Uguru nke na- ebido ọnwa Ekeresimesi ma kwụsị na ọnwa nke mbụ nke afọ.

[[Mgbanwe ihu igwe]] na enye nsogbu nke ukwuu n'ime ora ọyo

[[Mgbanwe ihu igwe]] na eme ka [[Idei mmiri]] na mbuze na enye kwa nsogbu na Steeti a.

==Lee nke ozo==
* [[Ora no na ime Naigeria]]


{{Ȯra no n'ime Naigeria}}

{{ÉdéNtạ}}

[[Òtù:Ȯra Ọyọ| ]]</text>
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    <title>Somkele Iyamah</title>
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Somkele Iyamah-Idhalama (amụrụ 23 Maachị 1988) bụ ihe onyonyo Naijiria na ihe nkiri [1] na ihe nlere anya. A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na 93 Days (2016), Party Wedding, The Arbitration (2016) na usoro TV Gidi Up (2013 – 2014) na Toronto International Film Festival [2] na Africa International Film Festival. Ọ bụ ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Multichoice's DSTV Explora, netwọkụ eriri satịlaịtị kachasị na Africa. Ọ pụtawo na ihe nkiri ahụ, Akụkọ nke onye agha 2: lọta site na ndị nwụrụ anwụ - usoro nke usoro ihe nkiri ịhụnanya nke 2016. A na-atụkwa ya n'ọrụ nke nna nna na mmemme ikpeazụ nke Star Trek Discovery (2024).

A mụrụ Iyamah na mpaghara Ika South nke Delta steeti nye Andrew na Onyi Iyamah, ha abụọ si Ika (Agbor). Ọ bụ nwa nke atọ n'ime ụmụ anọ. Onye nkuzi ya na-akpali akpali, Oriakụ Abe, gosipụtara ya na ịgba egwu na ihe nkiri mgbe ọ na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ Grange dị na Lagos.[1]

Somkele nwetara nzere bachelọ sayensị na Biochemistry na Mahadum McMaster. Somkele ewepụtala onwe ya maka ọtụtụ mmemme ebere na McMaster ma bụrụkwa ihe nlereanya n'oge ọ nọ na Nigeria. Webụsaịtị ya na-ekwu na ọrụ ya gụnyere Virgin Nigeria, Harp, ETB na Visafone Communications.[1]

== Ọrụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Gidi_up_2.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ndị isi [[Gidi Up]] gụnyere Ikechukwu Onunaku]]
[[Faịlụ:Somkele Iyamah interview in 2016 (cropped).png|thumb|Somkele Iyamah]]
Her first audition landed her a lead role. Her works for TV are in the [[Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|AMVCA]] nominated and critically acclaimed series, ''‘GIDI UP’'' by [[Ndani TV|NdaniTV]], Amazon's ‘''THE EXPAN,SE’'' and CBC's ‘''CORONER''’. Her career in film has led her to share the screen with Nollywood's directors such as Steve Gukas and [[Kemi Adetiba]]. She also shared screen-time with Hollywood veteran, Danny Glover in the biopic, ''93 DAYS'' where she plays one of the surviving doctors who caught Ebola in Nigeria directed by Steve Gukas which went on to win several awards and accolades. That role won her an ELOY award (best actress of the year), AMVCA nomination best-supportingting actress, an AMVCA trailblazer award win, TFAA award, an AMAA nominat,ion and an [[Emume ihe nkiri mba ụwa nke Afrịka|AFRIFF]] Jury Award. She starred alongside Hollywood veteran, Eric Roberts in the movie: ''A Soldier's Story 2: Return From The Dead'' which was released in Dec 2020''.'' &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Nkwado ụlọ ọrụ ya gụnyere Multichoice Nigeria (DSTV Ambassador), Jewel By Lisa, na The Access Bank Lagos City Marathon. Ọ nọ n'ihu GENEVIEVE Magazine ma Alma Mater ya, Mahadum McMaster gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ maka mbipụta pụrụ iche Canada @ 150 yana CNN n'ịntanetị. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka Onye isi mpaghara nke akara ejiji, Andrea Iyamah. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Somkele na-elekọta akara ejiji, ''Andrea Iyamah'', nke nwanne ya nwanyị nke obere, [[Dumebi Iyamah]], guzobere. Ọ lụrụ Captain Aaron Idhalama, onye ndu echiche na ọkachamara ụlọ ọrụ na ngalaba ụgbọ elu Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Aaron Idhalama|url=https://www.cognoviventures.com/team/aaron-idhalama/|accessdate=2020-10-05|work=Cognovi Ventures|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006143155/https://www.cognoviventures.com/team/aaron-idhalama/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere nwa nwoke nwere ọrịa kansa ma mesịa bụrụ onye na-enweghị ọrịa kansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-11-26|title=My son is cancer-free, actress Somkele Idhalama rejoices|url=https://punchng.com/my-son-is-cancer-free-actress-somkele-idhalama-rejoices/|accessdate=2022-07-25|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Afọ
!Ihe nrite
!Ụdị
!Ọrụ
!Nsonaazụ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2016
|Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) 
|International Rising Star
|Ya onwe ya|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.tiff.net/the-review/tiff-rising-stars-speak/|title=TIFF's Rising Stars|date=2017-01-06|work=TIFF|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Africa International Film Festival (AFRIFF) 
|Ihe nrite pụrụ iche nke ndị ọka ikpe
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |''[[93 Days|Ụbọchị 93]]''|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/afriff-2016-rita-dominic-rmd-somkele-idhalama-chioma-ude-attend-globe-awards-id5790119.html|title=AFRIFF 2016: Rita Dominic, RMD, Somkele Idhalama, Chioma Ude attend Globe Awards|last=Izuzu|first=Chidumga|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Onyinye The Exquisite Lady Of The Year (ELOY) 
|Onye Na-eme Ihe nkiri nke Afọ|{{Won}}
|-
|Ihe nrite ọdịnihu Africa
|Ihe nrite maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri|{{Won}} &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/arts-entertainment/naija-fashion/218400-winners-future-awards-africa-2016-named.html|title=Winners of Future Awards Africa 2016 named - Premium Times Nigeria|date=2016-12-19|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Ihe nrite Africa Movie Academy (AMAA) 
|Onye Nkwado Kasị Mma
|Ndị a họpụtara
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards
|Onye Nkwado Kasị Mma|{{Nom}}
|-
|Ihe nrite Trailblazer
|Ya onwe ya|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://buzznigeria.com/amvca-2017/|title=AMVCA 2017: Check Out Nigerian Entertainers Who Made The Nomination List|last=Partners|first=Alexander Moore|date=2017-03-02|work=Nigeria News Online &amp; Breaking News {{!}} BuzzNigeria.com|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ihe nkiri ==

=== Ihe nkiri ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Ọrụ
!Ihe edeturu
|-
|2013
|''Onye na-arọ nrọ''
|Isabella
|Echiche efu / Ịhụnanya
|-
|2015
|''Ngalaba ahụ''
|Ireti
|Mụ na Jide Kosoko, Osas Ighodaro Ajibade, O.C. ukeje, 
Onye nduzi: Remi Vaughn Richards
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2016
|''[[The Arbitration|Ikpe Ikpe]]''
|Ịda Ịnyịnya nke Omawumi
|Mụ na [[OC Ukeje|O.C. Ukeje]], [[Iretiola Doyle]], [[Adesua Etomi]] 
Onye nduzi: Niyi Akinmolayan
|-
|''Ojukokoro''
|Sade
|
|-
|''[[The Wedding Party (2016 film)|Ememe Agbamakwụkwọ]]''
|Disu nke Yemen
|Mụ na [[Adesua Etomi]], [[Richard Mofe-Damijo|Richard Mofe Damijo]], [[Iretiola Doyle]], [[Banky W.|Banky W]] 
Onye nduzi: [[Kemi Adetiba]]
|-
|''[[93 Days|Ụbọchị 93]]''
|Dr. Ada Igonoh
|Mụ na Danny Glover, [[Gideon Okeke]], [[Bimbo Akintola]], 
Onye nduzi: Steve Gukas
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2017
|''Ememe Agbamakwụkwọ 2''
|Disu nke Yemen
|Mụ na [[Adesua Etomi]], [[Richard Mofe-Damijo|Richard Mofe Damijo]], [[Iretiola Doyle]], [[Banky W.|Banky W]] 
Onye nduzi: [[Niyi Akinmolayan]]
|-
|''Onye Nleta''
|
|
|-
|2018
|''[[Lara na Beat]]''
|Dara Giwa
|Mụ na [[Seyi Shay]], [[Vector|Vector The Viper]], [[Chioma Chukwuka|Chioma Akpotha]] 
Onye nduzi: Tosin Coker
|-
|2019
|''Ọ bụ''
|
|
|-
|2020
|''Akụkọ Onye Agha: Nlaghachi site na Ndị Nwụrụ Anwụ''
|Zaya
|Mụ na Eric Roberts, [[Linda Ejiofor]], Daniel K. Daniel 
Onye nduzi: Frankie Ogar
|-
|2023
|''Orah''
|Akpụkpọ anụ
|Mpụ / Ihe nkiri / Ihe na-akpali akpali
|}

=== Telivishọn ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
|-
|2024
|Star Trek: Discovery
|Progenitor
|Star Trek: Discovery; season 5 episode 10: Life, Itself
|-
|2020
|The Expanse
|Engineer
|Network: Amazon Prime
|-
|2018
|Coroner
|Mrs. Kamau
|Network: CBC
|-
|2015
|Best Friends
|Uche
|Network: [http://ebonylifetv.com/ EbonyLife TV]
|-
|2014
|Gidi Up Season 2
|Yvonne
|Network: [[Ndani TV]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2013
|Gidi Up Season 1
|Yvonne
|Network: [[Ndani TV]]
|-
|Gidi Up (Pilot)
|Yvonne
|Network: [[Ndani TV]]
|}

== Hụkwa ==

* [[Ndepụta nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na Naijiria]]

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria narị afọ nke 21]]
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Zora Neale Hurston</title>
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      <text bytes="85401" sha1="ezj06wmfi7rg30ml2x517qijtxmlsvd" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Hurston-Zora-Neale-LOC.jpg|thumb|Zora Neale Hurston]]
'''Zora Neale Hurston''' (Januari 7, 1891&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated17&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Boyd |first=Valerie |title=Wrapped in Rainbows: The Life of Zora Neale Hurston |year=2003 |publisher=Scribner |location=New York |isbn=978-0-684-84230-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/wrappedinrainbow00boyd |url-access=limited }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;hurston5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hurston|first=Lucy Anne|title=Speak, so you can speak again : the life of Zora Neale Hurston|year=2004|isbn=0-385-49375-4|edition=First|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; – Januari 28, 1960) onye odee Amerika, onye ọkachamara n'agumagu maka ndụ mmadụ, nakwa onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ gosipụtara mgba agbụrụ na ndịda Amerika emeputara na mmalite 1900 wee bipụta nnyocha na hoodoo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Trefzer|first=Annette|date=2000|title=Possessing the Self: Caribbean Identities in Zora Neale Hurston's Tell My Horse|journal=African American Review|volume=34|issue=2|pages=299–312|doi=10.2307/2901255|jstor=2901255}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya kacha ewu ewu nime akwụkwọ o bipụtara bụ Anya Ha Na-ekiri Chineke, nke e bipụtara na 1937. O dekwara akụkọ mkpirisi, egwuregwu, na edemede karịrị '''Zora Neale Hurston''' (Januari 7, 1891&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated17&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;hurston5&quot;/&gt; – Januari 28, 1960) onye odee Amerika, onye ọkachamara n'agumagu maka ndụ mmadụ, nakwa onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Ọ gosipụtara mgba agbụrụ na ndịda Amerika emeputara na mmalite 1900 wee bipụta nnyocha na hoodoo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Trefzer|first=Annette|date=2000|title=Possessing the Self: Caribbean Identities in Zora Neale Hurston's Tell My Horse|journal=African American Review|volume=34|issue=2|pages=299–312|doi=10.2307/2901255|jstor=2901255}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya kacha ewu ewu nime akwụkwọ o bipụtara bụ Anya Ha Na-ekiri Chineke, nke e bipụtara na 1937. O dekwara akụkọ mkpirisi, egwuregwu, na edemede karịrị iri ise.

A mụrụ Hurston na Notasulga, Alabama, o wee soro ezinụlọ ya kwaga Eatonville, Florida na 1894. O mechara jiri Eatonville dị ka ntọala maka ọtụtụ akụkọ ya. N'oge ọrụ mbụ ya, Hurston mere nchọpụta gbasara mmadụ na agbụrụ mmadụ mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Barnard College na Columbia University.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://social.rollins.edu/wpsites/mosaic-hurston/2011/07/12/the-upbringing-and-education-of-zora-neale-hurston/|title=The Upbringing and Education of Zora Neale Hurston|website=social.rollins.edu|language=en|access-date=June 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925043547/http://social.rollins.edu/wpsites/mosaic-hurston/2011/07/12/the-upbringing-and-education-of-zora-neale-hurston/|last1=Flynn|first1=Elisabeth|last2=Deasy|first2=Caitlin|last3=Ruah|first3=Rachel|archive-date=September 25, 2017|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all|accessdate=March 16, 2022|archivedate=September 25, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925043547/http://social.rollins.edu/wpsites/mosaic-hurston/2011/07/12/the-upbringing-and-education-of-zora-neale-hurston/}}&lt;/ref&gt;  O nwere mmasị na akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Africa, American na Caribbean, nakwa ka ndị a si enye aka na njirimara obodo.

O dekwara akụkọ ifo gbasara ihe ndị dị ugbu a na obodo ojii wee bụrụ onye isi na Harlem Renaissance.  Satires ya dị mkpụmkpụ, na-esite na ahụmịhe ndị Africa-American na nkewa agbụrụ, ka ebipụtara n'akụkọ ọdịnala dị ka The New Negro na Fire!!!&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Newly-Complicated-Zora/125753|title=The Newly Complicated Zora Neale Hurston|last1=Carpio|first1=Glenda R.|date=January 2, 2011|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education|access-date=June 21, 2017|last2=Sollors|first2=Werner|language=en|issn=0009-5982|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626131647/http://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Newly-Complicated-Zora/125753/|archive-date=June 26, 2017|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Florida, Hurston dere ma bipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmagụ ya na akụkọ ọdịnala Africa-American na  North Florida, Mules and Men (1935), na akwụkwọ akụkọ atọ mbụ ya: Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934);  Anya Ha Na-ele Chineke (1937);  na Moses, Nwoke nke Ugwu (1939).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black History Profiles – Zora Neale Hurston|url=https://themadisontimes.themadent.com/article/from-the-harlem-renaissance-to-the-black-arts-movement-writers-who-changed-the-world/|last=Rae|first=Brianna|date=2016-02-19|website=The Madison Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-10|accessdate=2022-03-16|archivedate=2022-03-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308172016/https://themadisontimes.themadent.com/article/from-the-harlem-renaissance-to-the-black-arts-movement-writers-who-changed-the-world/}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ebipụtakwara n'oge a Gwa Ịnyịnya m: Voodoo na Ndụ na Haiti na Jamaica (1938), na-edekọ nyocha ya gbasara emume na Jamaica na Haiti.

Ọrụ Hurston metụtara ma ahụmahụ Africa-American na mgba ya dị ka nwanyị Africa-American. Ụwa agụmagụ amachaghị akwụkwọ ya ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ. Enweghachiri mmasị na 1975 mgbe onye edemede Alice Walker bipụtara otu akụkọ a kpọrọ, &quot;In Search of Zora Neale Hurston&quot;, na mbipụta March nke magazin Ms. nke afọ ahụ. Ihe odide Hurston nke ọ kpọrọ Every Tongue Got to Confess, nchịkọta akụkọ ifo gbakọtara na 1920, ka ebipụtara n'afọ 2001 mgbe achọpụtara ya na ebe nchekwa Smithsonian . Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na-abụghị akụkọ ifo nke a kpọrọ Barracoon: Akụkọ nke ikpeazụ &quot;Black Cargo&quot;, gbasara ndụ Cudjoe Lewis (Kossola), ka ebipụtara n'afọ 2018 mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.

===Akụkọ ndụ===
===Mmalite ndụ na Agụmakwụkwọ===

Hurston bụ nwa nke ise n'ime ụmụ asatọ nke John Hurston na Lucy Ann Hurston (née Potts) mụrụ. A mụrụ nne na nna ochie ya dika ndị ohu ohu. Nna ya bụ onye nkwusa Baptist na onye na-akọ ihe ubi, bụ onye mechara ghọọ ọkwá nkà, nne ya bụkwa onye nkụzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. A mụrụ ya na Notasulga, Alabama, na Jenụarị 7, 1891, ebe nna ya tolitere na nna nna ya bụ onye nkwusa nke ụka Baptist.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ, ezinụlọ ya kwagara Eatonville, Florida . N'afọ 1887, ọ bụ otu n'ime obodo ndị isi ojii ewebara na United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/29/us/29florida.html |last=Cave |first=Damien |title=In a Town Apart, the Pride and Trials of Black Life|date=September 28, 2008|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=August 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802014556/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/29/us/29florida.html|archive-date=August 2, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Hurston kwuru na Eatonville bụụrụ ya “ụlọ” ebe ọ ka bụ nwata mgbe ọ kwagara ebe ahụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ ebe a mụrụ ya. Afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, a họpụtara nna ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi obodo ahụ na 1897. N’afọ 1902, a kpọrọ ya ije ozi dị ka onye ozi nke ụka ya kacha ukwuu, Macedonia Missionary Baptist.

Dị ka okenye toro eto, Hurston na-ejikarị Eatonville mee ihe dị ka ntọala na akụkọ ya-ọ bụ ebe [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị Africa America]] nwere ike ibi dị ka ha chọrọ, na-adabereghi n'obodo ndị ọcha. Na 1901, ụfọdụ ndị nkụzi n’ebe ugwu gara Eatonville ma nye Hurston ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị meghere uche ya n’akwụkwọ ọgụgụ. O mechara kọwaa edemede a nke onwe ya dị ka ụdị “ọmụmụ&quot;. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;jsl&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Jones, Sharon L. (Sharon Lynette)|title=Critical companion to Zora Neale Hurston: a literary reference to her life and work|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8160-6885-2|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Hurston biri ndụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na Eatonville wee kọwaa ahụmahụ nke itolite ebe ahụ na edemede 1928 ya nke a kpọrọ, &quot; How it feels to be coloured Me &quot;. Eatonville na-enwezi “ Ememe Zora&quot; maka nsọpụrụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;zfh&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.zorafestival.org|title=ZORA! Festival Homepage|website=ZORA! Festival|language=en|access-date=June 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426193152/https://zorafestival.org/|archive-date=April 26, 2019|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nne Hurston nwụrụ na 1904, nna ya mechara lụọ Mattie Moge na 1905.&lt;ref name=&quot;chdr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://chdr.cah.ucf.edu/hurstonarchive/?p=chronology|title=Chronology of Hurston's Life|website=University of Central Florida|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802011229/https://chdr.cah.ucf.edu/hurstonarchive/?p=chronology|archive-date=August 2, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;   E weere nke a ka ọ bụ ihe jọgburu onwe ya n’ihi na a na-anụ kepu kepu na ya na Moge nwere mmekọahụ tupu nwunye mbụ ya anwụọ.  Nna Hurston na nwunye nna ya zigara ya ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi nke Baptist na Jacksonville, Florida . Ha mechara kwụsị ịkwụ ụgwọ akwụkwọ ya, e mechara chụọ ya n'ụlọakwụkwọ n'ihi ụgwọ akwụkwọ.


===Ọrụ na ọmụmụ Ihe===
N'afọ 1916, onye na-agụ egwú Gilbert &amp; Sullivan weere Hurston n'ọrụ dị ka nwa agbọghọ na-eje ozi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Zora Neale Hurston&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090416185654/http://www.zoranealehurston.com/biography.html About Zora Neale Hurston] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416185654/http://www.zoranealehurston.com/biography.html |date=April 16, 2009 }}, Zora Neale Hurston official website, maintained by the Zora Neale Hurston Estate and Harper Collins.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://baltimoreauthors.ubalt.edu/writers/zorahurston.htm|title=Zora Neale Hurston|website=The Baltimore Literary Heritage Project|access-date=August 21, 2019|accessdate=March 16, 2022|archivedate=May 14, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514050306/http://baltimoreauthors.ubalt.edu/writers/zorahurston.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

N'afọ 1917, ọ maliteghachiri agụmakwụkwọ ya, ọ gara Morgan College, ngalaba ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke Morgan State University, kọleji ndị ịsị ojii na Baltimore, Maryland . N'oge a, o doro anya na iji ruo eruo maka agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'efu, Hurston dị afọ 26 malitere ịzọrọ 1901 dị ka afọ ọmụmụ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Zora Neale Hurston&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/news/zora-neale-hurston-biography-facts-black-history|title=Zora Neale Hurston: 7 Facts on Her 125th Birthday|last=Kettler|first=Sara|date=6 January 2016|website=Biography.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421045452/https://www.biography.com/news/zora-neale-hurston-biography-facts-black-history|archive-date=April 21, 2019|url-status=live|access-date=April 22, 2019|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke Morgan State University na 1918.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/hurs-zor.htm Zora Neale Hurston], Women in History.&lt;/ref&gt;

===Kọleji na ntakịrị mgbe ọ gụsịrị kọleji===
Mgbe ọ nọ na kọleji, ewebatara ya ka ọ na-elele ndụ site na enyo ndị na-agu maka ndu mmadụ n'ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ site na Eatonville. Otu n'ime ebumnuche ya bụ igosi myirịta dị n'etiti agbụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Staple|first=J.|date=2006|title=Zora Neale Hurston's Construction of Authenticity through Ethnographic Innovation|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Zora-Neale-Hurston%27s-Construction-of-Authenticity-Staple/5f71d3680d1a5c157811acf59b30a0984b997237|access-date=2021-02-04|s2cid=141415962|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Na 1918, Hurston malitere ọmụmụ ya na Mahadum Howard, kọleji ndị isi ojii na Washington, DC. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị e weere na mmalite nke Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc., nke a tọrọ ntọala ya maka ụmụ nwanyị ndị isi ojii, ma burukwa The Hilltop soro wee tọọ ntọala ya, the Hilltop a bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum.&lt;ref&gt;Shivonne Foster, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071124012428/http://media.www.thehilltoponline.com/media/storage/paper590/news/2007/11/20/Campus/Following.Footsteps.Zora.Neale.Hurston-3112139.shtml Following Footsteps: Zora Neale Hurston], ''[[The Hilltop (newspaper)|The Hilltop]]'', November 20, 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'asụsụ Spanish, Bekee, Grik, na ikwu okwu ọha wee nweta akara ugo mmụta na 1920.  N'afọ 1921, o dere obere akụkọ, &quot;John Redding Goes to Sea&quot;, nke mere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye so na otu ndị edemede a kpọrọ Alain Locke, The Stylus.

Hurston hapụrụ Howard na 1924, na 1925, e nyere ya ohere igu akwụkwọ n'efu nke onye nlekọta Barnard aha ya bu Annie Nathan Meyer&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Meyer|first=Annie Nathan|title=It's Been Fun: An Autobiography|year=1951|publisher=H. Schuman|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; nyere Barnard College of Columbia University, kọleji ụmụ nwanyị, ebe ọ bụ naanị nwa akwụkwọ isi ojii.&lt;ref name=&quot;oxfordreference.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Cheryl A |first=Wall L|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9XtCY7cijMC |title=The concise Oxford companion to African American literature|date=2001 |section=Hurston, Zora Neale |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-803175-8 | editor-last=Andrews |editor-first=William L |editor-last2=Foster |editor-first2=Frances Smith |editor-last3=Harris |editor-first3=Trudier}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mgbe ọ nọ na Barnard, o mere nchọpụta gbasara agbụrụ ya na ọkà mmụta gbasara agụmagụ ndụ mmadụ aha ya bu Franz Boas nke Mahadum Columbia, ma mesịa soro ya mụọ akwụkwọ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Ya na Ruth Benedict rụkwara ọrụ nakwa nwa akwụkwọ ibe ya bụ Margaret Mead.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/rothschild/cent_anth/early.html|title=A Century of Barnard Anthropology, The Early Period|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114101102/http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/rothschild/cent_anth/early.html|archive-date=January 14, 2009|df=mdy-all|accessdate=March 16, 2022|archivedate=January 14, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114101102/http://beatl.barnard.columbia.edu/rothschild/cent_anth/early.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Hurston nwetara BA na nkà mmụta ihe ọmụmụ na 1928, mgbe ọ dị afọ 37.

Hurston zutere Charlotte Osgood Mason, onye na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ na onye na-agụ akwụkwọ, bụ onye nwere mmasị na na ọrụ ya. Ọ kwadoro ndị odee Africa-American ndị ọzọ, dị ka Langston Hughes na Alain Locke, ndị gwara ya maka Hurston. Ma ọ gbalịkwara iduzi ọrụ ha. Mason kwadoro njem Hurston na ndịda maka nyocha site na 1927 ruo 1932,  site n'inye ya nkwado nke $200 kwa ọnwa. Ya onwe ya chọrọ ka Hurston nye ya ihe niile ọ na-anakọta gbasara egwu Negro, akụkọ ọdịnala, akwụkwọ, hoodoo, na ụdị omenala ndị ọzọ. N'otu oge ahụ, Hurston aghaghị ịgbalị ime ka obi di Boas mma dị ka onye ndụmọdụ agụmakwụkwọ ya, onye bụ onye na-akwado omenala ma chọọ ịkwatu echiche dị elu nke omenala na ọkwa nke ụkpụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hurston2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Zora Neale Hurston|title=Every Tongue Got to Confess: Negro Folk-tales from the Gulf States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CbNc4RgZ3NEC&amp;pg=PR26|year= 2009|publisher=HarperCollins e-books|isbn=978-0-06-174180-7|page=xxvi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Barnard, Hurston gụrụ akwụkwọ afọ abụọ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nkà mmụta ihe ọmụmụ na Mahadum Columbia, soro Boas na-arụ ọrụ n'ime oge a.  Mgbe ọ bi na Harlem na 1920s, Hurston nwere ezi mmekọrịta ya na ndị na-ede uri Langston Hughes na Countee Cullen, nakwa ọtụtụ ndị edemede ọzọ. Ụlọ ya, dị ka akụkọ ụfọdụ si kwuo, bụ ebe na-ewu ewu maka nnọkọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ. N'ihe dị ka oge a, Hurston nwekwara ihe ịga nke ọma n'oge mbụ, gụnyere itinye n'ime obere akụkọ na asọmpi edemede nke Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life , nke National Urban League bipụtara.

Hurston bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ a nabatara na otu ụmụ nwanyị a kpọrọ Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Incorporated, ọ bụ ndi ụmụ nwanyị ịsị ojii tọrọ ntọala otu ọgbakọ a na 1920 maka ụmụ nwanyị ndị isi ojii. O kwere nkwa na ngalaba Alpha sorority dị ka nwa akwụkwọ na Mahadum Howard.

===Alumdi ya===
Na 1927, Hurston lụrụ Herbert Sheen, onye egwu jazz na onye bụbu onye nkuzi na Howard; o mesịrị ghọọ dibịa. Alụmdi na nwunye ha biri na 1931. Na 1935, Hurston sonyeere Percy Punter, nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Columbia. O kpaliri àgwà Tea Cake na anya ha na-ekiri Chineke.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Folk Heroine|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/2003/01/12/folk-heroine/2a4a1c03-09a2-4cd0-8c2f-fba1b5b1169e/ |last=Lamar |first=Jake|newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |date=January 12, 2003|access-date=August 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911152131/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/2003/01/12/folk-heroine/2a4a1c03-09a2-4cd0-8c2f-fba1b5b1169e/|archive-date=September 11, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Na 1939, mgbe Hurston na-arụ ọrụ na WPA na Florida, ọ lụrụ Albert Price. Alụmdi na nwunye ahụ kwụsịrị mgbe ọnwa ole na ole gachara,   ma ha agbaghị alụkwaghịm ruo 1943. N'afọ sochirinụ, Hurston lụrụ James Howell Pitts nke Cleveland. Alụmdi na nwunye ahụ erughị otu afọ.   

Hurston biri n'otu ọnụ ụlọ dị na Eau Gallie, Florida ugboro abụọ: na 1929 nakwa na 1951.&lt;ref name=&quot;ft110306&quot;&gt;{{Cite news | first=Megan K. | last=Scott | title=Zora Neale Hurston's real home was in Brevard County — Famed author, folklorist spent many productive years in Brevard | url=https://www.floridatoday.com/story/life/2011/03/06/zora-neale-hurstons-real-home-was-in-brevard-county-famed/77153912/| newspaper=[[Florida Today]] | location=Melbourne | page= 1D | date=March 6, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;


===Nkwado nke ndi na-enye nkwado===
Mgbe onyinye ntọala dị iche iche kwụsịrị n'oge nnukwu ịda mbà n'obi, Hurston na enyi ya Langston Hughes abụọ dabere na nkwado nke onye ọrụ ebere Charlotte Osgood Mason, onye ọcha na-akwado edemede.&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;manuel&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;horner&quot;&gt;Horner, Shirley. [https://www.nytimes.com/1986/02/16/nyregion/about-books.html &quot;About Books&quot;], ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 16, 1986. Accessed March 5, 2011. &quot;For many years, Hughes enjoyed the patronage of &quot;an aged, well-preserved white dowager of enormous wealth and influence&quot;, Charlotte Mason...&quot; and &quot;Dr. [David Levering] Lewis said that his research 'points out that, thanks to Mrs. Mason's generosity, Hughes lived in the early 1930s in a one-family house in Westfield, where his neighbor was another of Harlem's luminaries, Zora Neale Hurston.'&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime afọ ndị na-esote 1930, Hurston biri na Westfield, New Jersey, mpaghara New York, ebe enyi ya Hughes nọ n'etiti ndị agbata obi ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;taylor&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Taylor |first=Yuval |year=2019 |title=Zora and Langston |publisher=W.W. Norton &amp; Company |isbn=978-0393243918 |df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;manuel&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-74410616/mule-bone-langston-hughes-and-zora-neale-hurston-s |url-access=subscription|title=Mule Bone: Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston's Dream Deferred of an African-American Theatre of the Black Word|last=Manuel|first=Carme|journal=[[African American Review]]|volume=35|issue=1|pages=77–92|date=22 March 2001|access-date=5 March 2011|quote=In February 1930, Hurston headed north, settling in Westfield, New Jersey. Godmother Mason ([[Charlotte Osgood Mason|Mrs. Rufus Osgood Mason]], their white protector) had selected Westfield, safely removed from the distractions of New York City, as a suitable place for both Hurston and Hughes to work.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412144624/https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-74410616/mule-bone-langston-hughes-and-zora-neale-hurston-s |archive-date=April 12, 2019|url-status=live|df=mdy-all|doi=10.2307/2903336|jstor=2903336}}&lt;/ref&gt; 


===Ụlọ Agụmakwụkwọ ya===  

Na 1934, Hurston guzobere ụlọ akwụkwọ nke nka ememe &quot;dabere na naanị nkwupụta Negro&quot; na Mahadum Bethune-Cookman (n'oge ahụ, ọ ka bụ Bethune-Cookman College), kọleji nke ndi isi ojii na Daytona Beach, Florida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Porter|first=A. P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vZ-1dEMZBggC&amp;pg=PA66|title=Jump at de sun : the story of Zora Neale Hurston|date=1992|publisher=Carolrhoda Books |isbn=0-87614-667-1|location=Minneapolis|pages=66 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Na 1956 Hurston nwetara ihe nrite kọleji Bethune-Cookman maka agụmakwụkwọ na mmekọrịta mmadụ na nkwado maka mmezu ya. Ngalaba Bekee na kọleji Bethune-Cookman ka raara onwe ya ụkọ ifonye maka ichekwa ihe nketa omenala ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Timeline&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://zoranealehurston.com/about/timeline/|title=Zora Neale Hurston|first=The Estate of Zora Neale|last=Hurston|access-date=February 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306000924/http://zoranealehurston.com/about/timeline|archive-date=March 6, 2013|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all|accessdate=March 16, 2022|archivedate=March 6, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306000924/http://zoranealehurston.com/about/timeline}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mgbe e mesịrị na ndụ ya, na ịga n'ihu na ọrụ edemede ya, Hurston jere ozi na ngalaba nke [[Nort Kárólínạ|North Carolina]] College for Negroes (ugbu a North Carolina Central University ) na Durham. 

===Ọrụ nke Antropọlọji nakwa akụkọ ifo===
Hurston gara njem nke ukwuu na Caribbean na South America wee tinye onwe ya na omume omenala obodo iji mee nchọpụta gbasara mmadụ. Site n'ọrụ ya na ndịda, nke Charlotte Osgood Mason onye ọgaranya na-enyere mmadụ aka kwadoro site na 1928 ruo 1932, Hurston dere Mules na Men na 1935.  Ọ nọ na-eme nchọpụta n'ogige osisi dị n'ebe ugwu Florida ma kwuo okwu banyere ajọ omume nke ndị ikom ndị ọcha nọ n'ọchịchị ndi na-ewere ụmụ nwanyị ndị ịsị ojii dị ka ndị ha ga na na-akwasa iko, ma mekwa ka ha mụọ ụmụ. Akpọrọ omume a ka emechara dị ka &quot; ikike paramour &quot;, nke putara ikike ụmụ nwoke n'ihi oke agbụrụ nke metụtara omume n'oge ịgba ohu. Akwụkwọ ahụ gụnyekwara ọtụtụ akụkọ ifo. Hurston si na ihe a nweta mmekọrịta akụkọ ifo o mepụtara maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya dị ka Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934). 

N'afọ 1935, Hurston mere njem gaa Georgia na Florida ya na Alan Lomax na Mary Elizabeth Barnicle maka nyocha banyere egwu ọdinala Afrika na America nakwa mmekọrịta ha na ịbụ ohu na egwu ochie nke Africa. Enyere ya ọrụ ịhọpụta mpaghara na isiokwu ndị a ga-enyocha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hurston|first=Zora Neale|title=Dust tracks on a road : an autobiography|others=Hemenway, Robert.|year=1995|isbn=0-252-01149-X|edition=2nd|location=Urbana|pages=[https://archive.org/details/dusttracksonr2nd00hurs/page/209 209]|oclc=11091136}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File: Zora Neale Hurston NYWTS.jpg|thumb|Hurston playing a hountar, or mama drum, 1937]]

N'afọ 1936 na 1937, Hurston gara Jamaica na Haiti maka ime nyocha, site na nkwado nke Guggenheim Foundation . O nwetara site na nyocha a maka ọrụ gbasara mmadụ, Tell my Horse (1938).

N'afọ 1938 na 1939, Hurston rụrụ ọrụ na Federal Writer's Project (FWP), akụkụ nke nchịkwa ọganihu ọrụ .  Egoro ya maka ahụmahụ ya dị ka odee na onye akụkọ ọdịnala, ọ chịkọtakwara ozi iji gbakwunye na mkpokọta akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala Florida. 

Site n'Ọktoba 1947 ruo Februarị 1948, Hurston biri na Honduras, nke dị n'ebe ugwu nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Puerto Cortés . O nwere olile anya ịchọta mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Mayan ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke mmepeanya a na-achọpụtabeghị.  : Mgbe ọ nọ na Puerto Cortés, o dere ọtụtụ Seraph na Suwanee, nke e mere na Florida. Hurston gosipụtara mmasị na ọdịdị ọtụtụ agburu nke ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ (ọtụtụ, dị ka Miskito Zambu na Garifuna, bụ ndị sitere na Africa ma na-emepụta omenala criole ).

[[File: Zora Neale Hurston and unidentified man 1935 Belle Glade FL.tif|thumb|Hurston in Florida on an anthropological research trip, 1935]]

N'ime afọ iri nke ikpeazụ ya, Hurston rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye edemede nweere onwe ya maka akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ụwa. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1952, Sam Nunn, onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Pittsburgh Courier , kpọtụrụ ya ka ọ gaa Florida iji wee leta ikpe igbu mmadụ nke Ruby McCollum . E boro McCollum ebubo igbu Dr. C. Leroy Adams, onye bụkwa onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. McCollum kwuru na ya manyere ya ka ha nwee mmekọahụ ka ọ wee mụọrọ ya nwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;movie&quot;&gt;Dr. C. Arthur Ellis, Jr. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140628225912/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/1/prweb4933714.htm &quot;New Florida-based Movie on Ruby McCollum Story Underscores Need for Black History Month&quot;], PR Web, January 5, 2011, accessed March 18, 2014,&lt;/ref&gt;  Hurston chetara ihe ọ hụrụ banyere ikike ụmụ nwoke ndị ọchana na-achị n'ogige osisi dị na North Florida, wee soro Nunn kparịta ụka màkà ya. Ha abụọ chere na ikpe ahụ nwere ike ịbụ maka &quot;ikike paramour&quot; dị otú ahụ, ma chọọ &quot;ikpughe ya nye ndị niile na-ege ntị&quot;. 

Mgbe ọ rutere Live Oak, ihe turu Hurston anya ya abụghị nanị iwu onye ọkà ikpe na-ekpe ikpe ahụ nyere kama site n'enweghị ike ime ka ndị bi n'ime obodo kwuo okwu banyere ikpe ahụ; ma ndị oji na ndị ọcha gbachiri nkịtị. O kwenyere na nke ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe metụtara ebubo eboro Dr. Adams' maka itinye aka na ịgba chaa chaa nke di Ruby, Sam McCollum. E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ya n'oge ikpe ahụ. A mara Ruby McCollum ikpe site n'aka ndị ọkà iwu bu naanị ụmụ nwoke, ndị ọkà iwu bu naanị ndị ọcha, ma maa ya ikpe ọnwụ. Hurston nwere ọrụ pụrụ iche ide ihe ndekọ n'usoro, The Life Story of Ruby McCollum, ihe karịrị ọnwa atọ na 1953 na akwụkwọ akụkọ uwa.  Akụkụ ya kwụsịrị na mberede mgbe ya na Nunn nwere nghọtahie banyere ụgwọ ya, o wee pụọ. 

Enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ onwe ya ịlaghachi maka mkpesa na ikpe nke abụọ, Hurston kpọtụụrụ onye nta akụkọ William Bradford Huie, onye ya na ya rụkọrọ ọrụ na The American Mercury, iji gbalịa ịmasị ya n'okwu ahụ. Ọ kpuchiri mkpesa na ikpe nke abụọ, ma mepụtakwa ihe sitere na nyocha ndabere. Hurston kesara ya ihe ya site na nnwale mbụ, mana ọ nabatara ya naanị obere oge n'akwụkwọ ya, Ruby McCollum: Nwanyị nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Suwannee (1956), nke ghọrọ onye na-ere ahịa kacha mma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Boyd&quot;&gt;[https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=14694 Elizabeth Boyd, &quot;Disquiet&quot;, Review of Tammy Evans, ''The Silencing of Ruby McCollum: Race, Class, and Gender in the South''], H-Net Review, July 2008, accessed March 18, 2014,&lt;/ref&gt; Hurston ñuriri n'ihi na:

&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Ihe akaebe McCollum n'ịgbachitere onwe ya bụ oge mbụ a na-ahapụ otu nwanyị sitere na Africa-America ka ọ gbaa akaebe maka nna nke nwa ya site n'aka onye ọcha. Hurston kwenyesiri ike na ọ bụ akaebe nke Ruby McCollum malitere okwu ikwusi 'ikike paramour' na ndị nkewa nke ndida.&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Hurston mechara rụọ ọrụ na Pan American World Airways Technical Library nakwa na Patrick Air Force Base na 1957. A chụrụ ya n'ọrụ n'ihi na ọ &quot;gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma&quot; karịa etu ọrụ ọ na-arụ si wee chọọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;ft140204&quot;&gt;{{Cite news | first=Ben | last=Brotemarkle | title=Zora Neale Hurston fond of writing in Eau Gallie cottage | url=http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20140204/NEWS01/302040022/Florida-Frontiers-Zora-Neale-Hurston-fond-writing-Eau-Gallie-cottage | newspaper=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida | pages=9A | date=February 4, 2014 | access-date=February 4, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222075355/http://www.floridatoday.com/article/20140204/NEWS01/302040022/Florida-Frontiers-Zora-Neale-Hurston-fond-writing-Eau-Gallie-cottage | archive-date=February 22, 2014 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ kwagara Fort Pierce, Florida . N'ịbụ onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ọ ga-achọta ha, Hurston rụrụ ọrụ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka onye nnọchiteanya onye nkụzi.. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri isii, Hurston lụrụ ọgụ &quot;iji nweta ihe oriri&quot; site n'enyemaka nke enyemaka ọha. N'otu oge ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odibo na Miami Beach's Rivo Alto Island.


===Ọnwụ ya===
N'ime oge nsogbu ego na ahụike, a manyere Hurston ịbanye na St. Lucie County Welfare Home, bụ ebe ọ nwere ọrịa mkpọnwu ahụ. Ọ nwụrụ n'ọrịa obi ọbara mgbali elu na Jenụarị 28, 1960, e wee lie ya n'ogige a kpọrọ Garden of Heavenly Rest na Fort Pierce, Florida. Ozu ya nọ n'ili ọtụtụ oge na-enweghị akara ruo 1973. Onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ Alice Walker na onye otu ọkà mmụta Hurston Charlotte D. Hunt chọtara ili na-enweghị akara na mpaghara izugbe ebe e liri Hurston; ha kpebiri kaa ya akara dika a ga-asi na ọ bụ nke ya.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Charlotte Hunt, renewed interest in author Hurston,&quot; ''[[Tallahassee Democrat]]'', 25 March 25, 1997&lt;/ref&gt; Walker commissioned a gray marker inscribed with &quot;ZORA NEALE HURSTON / ''A GENIUS OF THE SOUTH'' / NOVELIST FOLKLORIST / ANTHROPOLOGIST / 1901–1960.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Plant2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Deborah G. Plant|title=Zora Neale Hurston: A Biography of the Spirit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aZfcDixewEYC&amp;pg=PA57|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-98751-0|pages=57}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Walker nyere ihe nrịbama nke e dere &quot;ZORA NEALE HURSTON / A GENIUS OF THE SOUTH / NOVELIST FOLKLORIST / ANTHROPOLOGIST / 1901-1960.&quot;  Ahịrị &quot;onye ọgụgụ isi nke ndịda&quot; sitere na abụ Jean Toomer, Georgia Dusk, nke pụtara n'akwụkwọ ya Cane. A mụrụ Hurston na 1891, ọ bụghị 1901.  

Mgbe Hurston nwụsịrị, e nyere iwu ka e suo akwụkwọ ya ọkụ. Otu onye ọrụ iwu na enyi ya, Patrick DuVal, mgbe ọ na-agafe n'ụlọ ebe o bi, kwụsịrị ma gbanyụọ ọkụ ahụ, e wee si otú a wee chekwa akwụkwọ edemede nke mechara baara ụmụ mmadụ uru. Enyere ohere nke mkpokọta a na ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum nke Florida na 1961 site n'aka Oriakụ Marjorie Silver, enyi, na onye agbata obi Hurston. Enyere ihe ndị ọzọ na 1970 na 1971 site n'aka Frances Grover, ada EO Grover, onye prọfesọ College Rollins na enyi ogologo oge nke Hurston. Na 1979, Stetson Kennedy nke Jacksonville, onye maara Hurston site na ọrụ ya na Federal Writers Project, gbakwunyere akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ (Zora Neale Hurston Papers, University of Florida Smathers Libraries, August 2008).


===Ọrụ edemede ya===
===1920s: The Harlem Renaissance===

Mgbe Hurston rutere obodo [[New York City]] na 1925, Harlem Renaissance nọ na ogogo dị elu ya, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị edemede na etiti ya. N'oge na-adịghị anya tupu ya abanye Barnard, a họrọ akụkọ mkpirikpi Hurston a kpọrọ &quot;Spunk&quot; maka New Negro, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akụkọ ifo, uri, na edemede na-elekwasị anya na nkà na akwụkwọ ndị Africa na African-American.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Richard |first=A. Long |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9XtCY7cijMC |title=The concise Oxford companion to African American literature|date=2001 |section=New Negro, The |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-803175-8 | editor-last=Andrews |editor-first=William L |editor-last2=Foster |editor-first2=Frances Smith |editor-last3=Harris |editor-first3=Trudier}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1926, otu ndị na-eto eto na-ede akwụkwọ ojii nke gụnyere Hurston, Langston Hughes, na Wallace Thurman, na-akpọ onwe ha Niggerati, wepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ edemede a na-akpọ Fire!! nke gosipụtara ọtụtụ ndị na-eto eto na-ese ihe na ndị edemede nke Harlem Renaissance.

N'afọ 1927, Hurston gara na mpaghara ndịda nke di omimi iji nakọta akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Africa na America. Ọ gbakwara Cudjoe Kazzola Lewis ajụjụ ọnụ, nke Africatown, Alabama, onye bụ onye ikpeazụ ama ama lanarịrị ndị Afrịka gbara ohu bu n'ụgbọ Clotilda, ụgbọ ohu iwu na-akwadoghị nke batara US na 1860, wee si otú a bụrụ onye ikpeazụ ama nke e e bufere n'ụgbọ mmiri maka Azụmahịa ohu transatlantic . N'afọ sochirinụ, o bipụtara isiokwu bụ &quot;Cudjoe's Own Story of the last African slave&quot; (1928). Dị ka onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ ya bụ Robert E. Hemenway si kwuo, ibe a na-edepụta ọrụ nke Emma Langdon Roche,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Zora Neale Hurston: A Literary Biography|last=Hemenway|first=Robert E.|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=1980|isbn=978-0252008078|location=Urbana and Chicago|pages=[https://archive.org/details/zoranealehurston00robe/page/96 96–99]}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye edemede Alabama nke dere banyere Lewis n'ime akwụkwọ e dere na 1914. Hurston gbakwunyere ozi ọhụrụ gbasara ndụ kwa ụbọchị na obodo Lewis nke Bantè.

Hurston bu n’obi ibipụta mkpokọta ọtụtụ narị akụkọ ọdịnala sitere na ọmụmụ ihe ya na mpaghara ndịda. Ọ chọrọ ka ha nọrọ na nke mbụ dịka o kwere mee mana ọ gbalịsiri ike ime ka atụmanya nke onye ndụmọdụ ya, Franz Boas, na onye na-elekọta ya, Charlotte Osgood Mason. Ebipụtaghị ihe odide a n'oge ahụ. E mechara chọta otu n'ime ebe nchekwa Smithsonian n'etiti akwụkwọ nke ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ William Duncan Strong, enyi Boas. Hurston's Negro Folk-tales sitere na Gulf States ka ebipụtara n'ime afọ 2001 dika Every Tongue Got to confess.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Largesse of Zora Neale Hurston&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.villagevoice.com/2002/04/16/the-largesse-of-zora-neale-hurston/|title=The Largesse of Zora Neale Hurston|website=villagevoice.com|date=April 16, 2002|access-date=April 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404005546/https://www.villagevoice.com/2002/04/16/the-largesse-of-zora-neale-hurston/|archive-date=April 4, 2019|url-status=live|df=mdy-all|accessdate=March 16, 2022|archivedate=April 4, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404005546/https://www.villagevoice.com/2002/04/16/the-largesse-of-zora-neale-hurston/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1928, Hurston ji ihe onwunwe ndị ọzọ laghachite na Alabama; ọ gbara Lewis ajụjụ ọnụ karịa, ma sere foto ya na ndị ọzọ nọ n'ime obodo ahu, wee dekọọ naanị ihe onyonyo a ma ama banyere ya - onye Afrịka eji ahia ohu gbagara United States. Dabere na ihe a, o dere ihe odide, Barracoon, na-emecha ya na 1931. Hemenway kọwara ya dị ka &quot;akụkọ dị egwu nke ukwuu, nke a na-edepụta nke ọma maka onye na-agụ akwụkwọ ama ama.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hemenway |first=Robert E. |title=Zora Neale Hurston : a literary biography|date=1977|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=0-252-00652-6|location=Urbana|pages=100–101}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;Diouf, Sylviane A. (Sylviane Anna). (2007) ''Dreams of Africa in Alabama: The Slave Ship Clotilde and the Story of the Last Africans Brought to America.'' New York: Oxford University Press. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xjPKi1CDP2MC&amp;pg=pa225 p. 225] {{isbn|978-0-19-531104-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;    A kọwakwara ya dị ka “edemede akaebe”, karịa n'ụdị ọmụmụ gbasara mmadụ ndị ọzọ kemgbe ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri abụọ.

Mgbe ajụjụ ọnụ ndi a gasịrị, onye na-akwado agụmagụ Hurston nakwa onye na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ, Charlotte Osgood Mason, matara banyere Lewis wee malite iziga ya ego maka nkwado ya. Ndị nta akụkọ gbakwara Lewis ajụjụ ọnụ maka mbipụta ya nke mpaghara na nke mba.&lt;ref&gt;Diouf, Sylviane A. (Sylviane Anna). (2007) ''Dreams of Africa in Alabama: The Slave Ship Clotilde and the Story of the Last Africans Brought to America.'' New York: Oxford University Press. [https://books.google.com/books?id=xjPKi1CDP2MC&amp;pg=pa226 p. 226] {{isbn|978-0-19-531104-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;  E mechara bipụta ihe odide Hurston nke a kpọrọ &quot;Barracoon&quot; na Mee 8, 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;History&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Little|first1=Becky|title=The Last Slave Ship Survivor Gave an Interview in the 1930s. It Just Surfaced|url=https://www.history.com/news/zora-neale-hurston-barracoon-slave-clotilda-survivor|website=History|publisher=History|access-date=May 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504232902/https://www.history.com/news/zora-neale-hurston-barracoon-slave-clotilda-survivor|archive-date=May 4, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vulture1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Halle Kiefer |url=https://www.vulture.com/2017/12/new-zora-neale-hurston-book-to-be-published-in-2018.html |title=New Zora Neale Hurston Book to Be Published in 2018 |publisher=Vulture.com |date=December 18, 2017 |access-date=May 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504011008/http://www.vulture.com/2017/12/new-zora-neale-hurston-book-to-be-published-in-2018.html |archive-date=May 4, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Barracoon&quot;, ma ọ bụ ogige n'asụsụ Spanish, bụ ebe a tụkpụrụ ndị Africa ejidere n'ụlọ mkpọrọ nwa oge tupu ebuga ha mba ọzọ maka ịgba ohu.

Na 1929, Hurston kwagara Eau Gallie, Florida, ebe ọ nọ wee dee Mules na Men. E bipụtara ya na 1935.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian River Journal &quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Indian River Journal|series=Brevard Historical Commission |first=Ben |last=Brotemarkle |date= Fall–Winter 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Afọ 1930s===
Ka ọ na-erute 1930 na afọ ndị ọzọ na-esote ya, Hurston ebipụtala ọtụtụ akụkọ mkpirisi nke gụnyere Mules na Men (1935), ọrụ dị egwu nke &quot;akwụkwọ ọgụgụ akwụkwọ&quot; bu nke na-edepụta akụkọ ọdịnala ndị Afrika bi na America site na ogige osisi dị na North Florida. N'afọ 1930, ya na Langston Hughes jikọrọ aka wee dee Mule Bone: A Comedy of Negro Life, egwuregwu nke ha na-emetụbeghị. Mmekọrịta ha mere ka ọbụbụenyi ha daa.  Emechara mee egwuregwu a na 1991.&lt;ref name=&quot;Publishers Weekly&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-4792-1302-3|title=Fiction Book Review: Harlem Mosaics|work=Publishers Weekly|date= April 28, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Hurston megharịrị ọrụ gbasara mmadụ maka nka. Ntụle akụkọ ọdịnala ya, The Great Day, gosipụtara abụ na egwu Africa bụ ezie, wee mee ihe ngosi ya nke mbu na John Golden Theatre na New York na Januari 1932.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kraut&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine | url=http://sfonline.barnard.edu/hurston/kraut_02.htm | title=Everybody's Fire Dance: Zora Neale Hurston and American Dance History | last=Kraut | first=Anthea | magazine=S&amp;F Online | volume=3 | number=2 | date=Winter 2005 | issn=1558-9404 }}&lt;/ref&gt; N'agbanyeghị nyocha dị mma, ọ nwere naanị otu ngosi nke ọra. Mpụta mbụ nke Broadway hapụrụ Hurston na ụgwọ ruru dọla narị isii ($600). Ọ dịghị ndị na-emepụta ihe chọrọ ịga n'ihu na-eme ihe ngosi zuru ya

N'ime 1930s, Zora Neale Hurston weputara nyocha egwu abụọ ọzọ nke a kpọrọ From Sun to Sun, nke bụ mmegharị nke Great Day, na Singing Steel. Hurston nwere nkwenye siri ike na akụkọ ifo kwesịrị ịbụ ihe nkiri.

E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ atọ nke Hurston na 1930 nke a kpọrọ Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934); Anya Ha Na-ekiri Chineke (1937), nke e dere n'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Haiti ma leba anya n'ọrụ nkà ya n'akwụkwọ a kporo Moses, Nwoke nke Ugwu (1939).

N'afọ 1937, e nyere Hurston onyinye Guggenheim Fellowship iji mee nchọpụta agbụrụ na Jamaica na Haiti.  Tell my horse (1938) dekọrọ akụkọ ya banyere ọrụ ya na ọmụmụ emume ime mmụọ na omenala na Jamaica na vodoun na Haiti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zora Neale Hurston|url=http://outhistory.org/exhibits/show/aa-history-month-bios/zora-neale-hurston|last=Henderson|first=Kali|website=outhistory.org|access-date=2020-05-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Afọ ndị 1940s na 1950s===
N'afọ ndị 1940, e bipụtara ọrụ Hurston n'akwụkwọ mbiputa ndị gụnyere American Mercury na Saturday Evening Post . Akwụkwọ akụkọ ikpeazụ ya e bipụtara, nke aha ya bu Seraph na Suwanee, nke ama ama maka itinye uche ya na mkpụrụedemede dị ọcha, bu nke ebipụtara na 1948. Ọ nyochara ihe oyiyi nke ụmụ nwanyị &quot; ihe mkpofu ọcha &quot;. Jackson (2000) na-arụ ụka na ntụgharị uche Hurston na mkpofu, na iwu klaasị na njirimara nwoke na nwanyị n'etiti ndị ọcha dara ogbenye na-egosipụta okwu eugenics nke 1920s.&lt;ref&gt;Chuck Jackson, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220316192437/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Waste+and+Whiteness:+Zora+Neale+Hurston+and+the+Politics+of+Eugenics.-a070434327 &quot;Waste and Whiteness: Zora Neale Hurston and the Politics of Eugenics&quot;], ''African American Review'', 2000, 34(4): 639–660.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1952, ndị Pittsburgh Courier zigara Hurston ka ọ ga leta ikpe igbu ọchụ nke e boro Ruby McCollum, nwunye ojii bara ọgaranya, onye gburu onye ọcha na-akpa ókè agbụrụ. O nyekwara aka na Ruby McCollum: Nwanyị nọ na Jail Suwannee (1956), akwụkwọ nke onye nta akụkọ na onye na-akwado ikike obodo William Bradford Huie.

===Edemede ndị ebipụtara ka ọ nwuchara===
Ihe odide Hurston Every Tongue Got to Confess (2001), nke bu nchịkọta akụkọ ifo anakọtara na 1920s, ka ebipụtara ka Hurston nwuchara mgbe achọpụtachara ya na ebe nchekwa Smithsonian . 

N'afọ 2008, Library nke America họọrọ ụfọdụ n'ime akụkọ sitere na Ruby McCollum: Nwanyị nọ na Jail Suwannee (1956), nke Hurston nke a nyere aka na nsonye na nlegharị anya nke narị afọ abụọ gara aga banyere ide akụkọ mpụ ndị America.

E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Hurston a kpọrọ Barracoon na 2018.  Barracoon bụ ụdị ụlọ mkpọrọ a tụrụ ndị ohu tupu a kpọga ha mba ofesi. 


===Echiche ime mmụọ===
N'Isi nke iri na ise nke Dust Tracks on a Road, nke isiokwu ya bụ &quot;Okpukpe&quot;, Hurston kwupụtasiri ekweghị ekwe na nlelị maka theism na nkwenkwe okpukpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://medium.com/religion-bites/religion-by-zora-neale-hurston-4fa3b147579e|title= 'Religion' by Zora Neale Hurston|date= August 24, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-ekwu:
&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Ekpere yiri m mkpu nke adịghị ike, na mgbalị iji zere, site n'aghụghọ, iwu egwuregwu dị ka e debere. Anaghị m ekwere adịghị ike. Ana m anabata ihe ịma aka nke ibu ọrụ. Ndụ, dị ka ọ dị, adịghị atụ m egwu, ebe ọ bụ na emewo m udo na eluigwe na ụwa dị ka m hụrụ ya, na-eruberekwara iwu ya isi.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14128-zora-neale-hurston|title=Freethought of the Day|website=ffrf.org|accessdate=2022-03-16|archivedate=2021-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612114348/https://ffrf.org/news/day/dayitems/item/14128-zora-neale-hurston}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ajụ n'ụzọ doro anya nkwenkwe Baptist nke nna onye nkwusa ya, ọnọdụ ime mmụọ ya dị nnọọ mgbagwoju anya karịa ekweghị na Chineke. Ọ na-enyocha voodoo, ruo n'ókè nke ikere òkè n'ememe ndị dị otú ahụ, ọzọkwa na ihe odide mbụ ya a na-enyochabeghị maka akụkọ ndụ ya na-ekwu maka mmasị o nwere maka ndị a kọrọ akụkọ ha na Bible dị ka Eze Devid : &quot;Ọ bụ onye na-eme dika obi Chineke si chọọ, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ nke ọma n'inyere aka ka Chineke wee kpochapu ndi nādighi-agu n'ọlu ndi nākpasa ebe ahu. 

===Ozuzo n'anya ọha na eze===
Ọrụ Hurston dabara na nzuzo ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ, n'ihi ma omenala na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ojiji olumba nke Africa-American, dị ka e gosipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ Hurston, bịara bụrụ nke na adịghị ewu ewu. Ndị na-eto eto na-ede akwụkwọ chere na ọ bụ ihe na-eweda ala iji ụdị olumba dị otú ahụ, n'ihi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke akụkọ ifo dị n'akwụkwọ America. Ọzọkwa, Hurston emewo nhọrọ dị mma na mkparịta ụka nke ọmụmụ agụmakwụkwọ. N'ịche echiche dị ka onye na-agụ akụkọ ọdịnala, Hurston gbalịsiri ike ịnọchite anya usoro okwu nke oge ahụ, nke o dekọtara site na nnyocha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Duck|first1=Leigh Anne|title='Go there to know there': Zora Neale Hurston and the Chronotype of the Folk|journal=American Literary History|date=2001|volume=13|issue=2|pages=265–294|jstor=3054604|doi=10.1093/alh/13.2.265|s2cid=145060987}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ Hurston katọrọ iji olumba ya, na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe na-akatọ omenala ndị Africa na America na gbanye kwa mkpọrọgwụ na mgbe agha obodo gasịrị, omenala ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ọcha. Ndị edemede a, ejiikọtara ha na Harlem Renaissance, katọrọ ọrụ Hurston dika nke na-adịghi akwalite mmegharị ahụ. Richard Wright, na ntụle ya nke Anya Ha Na-ekiri Chineke, kwuru:

Ntụgharị uche nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ya enweghị isiokwu, enweghị ozi, enweghị echiche. Na isi, a na-agwa ndị Negro akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, kama ọ bụ ndị na-ege ntị na-acha ọcha bụ ndị ọ maara otú e si emeju ihe ụtọ ha, ọ na-erigbu oge nke ndụ Negro nke bụ &quot;quaint,&quot; usoro nke na-eme ka ọnụ ọchị dị nro na egbugbere ọnụ. agbụrụ &quot;karịrị&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[[Richard Wright (author)|Richard Wright]], &quot;Between Laughter and Tears&quot;, ''[[The New Masses]]'', October 5, 1937.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mana kamgbe narị afọ nke iri abụọ, enweela mmụgharị na mmasị n'ọrụ Hurston. Kemgbe ahụ, ndị nkatọ etowo otú o si jiri nkà na-ekwu okwu akpaala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Qashgari|first=Sawsan|date=2017|title=Racism, Feminism, and Language in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God|journal=AWEJ for Translation and Literary Studies|volume=1|pages=10|ssrn=2980166}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime afọ 1930s na 1940s, mgbe e bipụtachara ọrụ ya, onye odee Africa-American mbụ bụ Richard Wright, onye bụbu onye Kọmunist.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/profiles/w/richard-wright.html|last=Colville|first=Liz|website=findingdulcinea.com|date=September 4, 2010|title=Happy Birthday, Richard Wright, Groundbreaking Author of &quot;Black Boy&quot; and &quot;Native Son&quot;|access-date=January 27, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125113111/http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/profiles/w/richard-wright.html|archive-date=January 25, 2010|url-status=live|df=mdy-all|accessdate=March 16, 2022|archivedate=January 25, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125113111/http://www.findingdulcinea.com/features/profiles/w/richard-wright.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wright dere n'ụzọ doro anya n'okwu gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọchịchị Kọmunist enweghị ya, mana o jiri mgba nke ndị Africa bi na America maka nkwanye ugwu na ọganihu akụ na ụba dịka ntọala na mkpali maka ọrụ ya. Ndị ọzọ na-ede akwụkwọ Africa-American na-ewu ewu n'oge ahụ, dị ka Ralph Ellison, na-emeso otu nchegbu dị ka Wright.

Hurston, onye bụ onye nchekwa, nọ n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke esemokwu maka nkwa nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke aka ekpe maka ndị Africa-America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Richard Wright encyclopedia|date=2008|publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-35519-6|editor-last=Ward|editor-first=Jerry Washington|location=Westport, Conn. |editor-last2=Butler|editor-first2=Robert | section=Hurston, Zora Neale }}&lt;/ref&gt; Iji maa atụ, n'afọ 1951, Hurston rụrụ arumaru ụka na nkwado akụ̀ na ụba New Deal nkeá mere ka ndị Africa America nwee ntụkwasị obi na-emerụ ahụ na gọọmenti nakwa na ndabere a nyefere ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ikike dị ukwuu. 

N'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike nke bawanyere, Hurston nọgidere na nwere onwe ya na inwe nchekwube siri ike. O dere n'akwụkwọ ozi na 1957:

&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Ma emeela m uto dị egwu dị ka onye na-ese ihe. . . . Achọghị m ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya . . Ọ bụrụgodi na m anwụọ n’enweghị ego, mmadụ ga-eli m, ma etu ọsila dị, achọghị m ka ọ dị otú ahụ.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://inthesetimes.com/article/7077/zora_neale_hurstons_lost_decade|title=Zora Neale Hurston's Lost Decade|first=Eve|last=Ottenberg|date=April 8, 2011|via=In These Times|access-date=November 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118053830/http://inthesetimes.com/article/7077/zora_neale_hurstons_lost_decade|archive-date=November 18, 2016|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;


===Nkwanye ùgwù akwanyeere ya mgbe ọ nwusiri===
[[File:Zora Neale Hurston (1938).jpg|thumb|Zora Neale Hurston, photo by [[Carl Van Vechten]] (1938)]]

* Obodo Zora Neale Hurston nke Eatonville, Florida, na-eme ememe ndụ ya kwa afọ n'ememe akpọrọ Zora Neale Hurston Festival of Arts and Humanities.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.zoranealehurstonfestival.com/|title=Zora Neale Hurston Festival – Festival of Arts and Humanities|access-date=May 8, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528160020/http://www.zoranealehurstonfestival.com/|archive-date=May 28, 2007|url-status=live|df=mdy-all|accessdate=March 16, 2022|archivedate=May 28, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528160020/http://www.zoranealehurstonfestival.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ebe Zora Neale Hurston Museum of Fine Arts dị, nakwa ọbá akwụkwọ e meghere na-aha ya na Jenụwarị 2004.

* Ụlọ Zora Neale Hurston dị na Fort Pierce ka ahọpụtara ka ọ bụrụ akara ngosi nke mba . Obodo a na-eme ememme Hurston kwa afọ site na mmemme dị iche iche dị ka ịkpọasị, oriri ụbọchị ọmụmụ, na mmemme ọtụtụ ụbọchị na njedebe nke Eprel nke a maara dị ka Ememme Zora.&lt;ref name=&quot;zfh&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=nyt-forgotten-florida&gt;{{cite news|last1=Graham|first1=Adam|title=Forgotten Florida, Through a Writer's Eyes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/04/travel/04culture.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0|access-date=June 14, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 31, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206074537/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/04/travel/04culture.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0|archive-date=December 6, 2017|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
  
* Onye edemede Alice Walker chọpụtara ili Hurston na-enweghị akara na 1973. Ọ rụnyere akara ili nke e dere &quot;A Genius of the South&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.urchinmovement.com/2013/02/05/a-headstone-for-an-aunt-how-alice-walker-found-zora-neale-hurston/  | first=Geo | last=Ong | date=February 5, 2013|title=A Headstone for an Aunt: How Alice Walker Found Zora Neale Hurston|website=urchinmovement.com|access-date=May 7, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508053739/http://www.urchinmovement.com/2013/02/05/a-headstone-for-an-aunt-how-alice-walker-found-zora-neale-hurston/|archive-date=May 8, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=lucie-grave&gt;{{cite web|title=Zora Dust Tracks Heritage Marker 4|url=http://www.stlucieco.gov/zora/zora_marker_4.htm|website=Dust Tracks Heritage Trail|publisher=St. Lucie County Online|access-date=June 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802231206/http://stlucieco.gov/zora/zora_marker_4.htm|archive-date=August 2, 2014|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all|accessdate=March 16, 2022|archivedate=August 2, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802231206/http://stlucieco.gov/zora/zora_marker_4.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=grosvenor-npr&gt;{{cite news|last1=Grosvenor|first1=Vertamae|title=Intersections: Crafting a Voice for Black Culture|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1849395|access-date=June 14, 2014|work=National Public Radio|date=April 26, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504090401/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1849395|archive-date=May 4, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
* Alice Walker bipụtara &quot;Ịchọpụta onye bu Zora Neale Hurston&quot; na March 1975 na mbipụta nke magazin Ms., na-atụgharị mmasị na ọrụ Hurston.&lt;ref name=&quot;barnard-news&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Archaeology of a Classic: Celebrating Zora Neale Hurston '28|url=http://barnard.edu/news/archaeology-classic-celebrating-zora-neale-hurston-28|website=News &amp; Events|publisher=Barnard College|access-date=June 14, 2014|date=December 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715001314/http://barnard.edu/news/archaeology-classic-celebrating-zora-neale-hurston-28|archive-date=July 15, 2014|url-status=live|df=mdy-all|accessdate=March 16, 2022|archivedate=July 15, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715001314/http://barnard.edu/news/archaeology-classic-celebrating-zora-neale-hurston-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/powerprose/hurston/  | first=Christa Smith | last=Anderson|title=Power of Prose – Hurston|website=pbs.org|access-date=June 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001161135/http://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/powerprose/hurston/|archive-date=October 1, 2017|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Na 1991, Mule Bone: A Comedy of Negro Life, egwuregwu 1930 nke Langston Hughes na Hurston mere n'Ụlọ ihe nkiri Lincoln Center n'obodo New York

* Na 1994, a kpọbatara Hurston na 'National Women's Hall of Game's.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/zora-neale-hurston/ |website=National Women's Hall of Fame |title=Zora Neale Hurston |access-date=November 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121072749/https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/zora-neale-hurston/ |archive-date=November 21, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Na 2002, ọkà mmụta Molefi Kete Asante depụtara Zora Neale Hurston na ndepụta ya nke mmadụ narị ndị Afrika-Amerika Kasị Ukwuu.&lt;ref&gt;Asante, Molefi Kete (2002). ''100 Greatest African Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia''. Amherst, New York. [[Prometheus Books]]. {{ISBN|1-57392-963-8}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ụlọ akwụkwọ Barnard nyefere ọgbakọ 2003 Virginia C. Gildersleeve na Hurston. 'Jumpin' na Sun': Ịtụle ndụ na ọrụ nke Zora Neale Hurston lekwasịrị anya n'ọrụ ya na mmetụta ya.&lt;ref name=barnard-gildersleeve-archive&gt;{{cite news|title=Conference Celebrates Legacy of Zora Neale Hurston|url=http://www.barnard.edu/newnews/news101003.html|access-date=June 14, 2014|work=Barnard News Center|publisher=Barnard College|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040604070224/http://www.barnard.edu/newnews/news101003.html | first=Jo | last=Kadlecek|archive-date=June 4, 2004 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nkuzi Alice Walker's Gildersleeve kọwara ọrụ ya n'ịchọpụta na ịkpọsa ihe nketa Hurston.&lt;ref name=gildersleeve-video&gt;{{cite web|last1=Walker|first1=Alice|title=Finding a World that I Thought Was Lost: Zora Neale Hurston and the People She Looked at Very Hard and Loved Very Much|url=http://sfonline.barnard.edu/hurston/walker_01.htm|website=S&amp;F Online|publisher=Barnard College|access-date=July 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008221809/http://sfonline.barnard.edu/hurston/walker_01.htm|archive-date=October 8, 2014|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* E hiwere ihe nrite Zora Neale Hurston na 2008; a na-enye ya onye otu American Library Association onye &quot;gosipụtara idu ndú n'ịkwalite akwụkwọ ndị America America&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ala.org/rusa/awards/znh |title=The Zora Neale Hurston Award |publisher=American Library Association |access-date=July 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820113753/http://www.ala.org/rusa/awards/znh |archive-date=August 20, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;

* A kpọbatara Hurston dị ka onye otu New York Writers Hall of Fame na 2010.

* Akwụkwọ akụkọ Harlem Mosaics (2012) nke Whit Frazier na-egosi ọbụbụenyi dị n'etiti Langston Hughes na Hurston ma na-akọ akụkọ otú ọbụbụenyi ha siri daa n'oge mmekorita ha na egwuregwu nke 1930 ha, a kpọrọ Mule Bone: A Comedy of Negro Life.
 
* Na Jenụwarị 7, 2014, Google mere ncheta ụbọchị ọmụmụ nke Hurston.&lt;ref&gt;Anika Myers Palm (January 7, 2014). [http://www.orlandosentinel.com/features/blogs/gone-viral/os-google-doodle-honors-hurston-20140107,0,351684.post &quot;Google doodle honors Eatonville's Zora Neale Hurston&quot;] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]''. Retrieved January 7, 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CNET-Hurston&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-bestows-author-zora-neale-hurston-her-own-doodle/ |title=Google bestows author Zora Neale Hurston her own doodle |last1=Kerr |first1=Dara |date=January 7, 2014 |website=CNET |access-date=January 7, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
* Ọ bụ otu n'ime mmadụ iri na abụọ anabatara na Alabama Writers Hall of Fame na June 8, 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rick Bragg, Harper Lee will be among Alabama Writers' Forum's inductees|url=https://www.tuscaloosanews.com/article/20150525/News/605152280|last=Cobb|first=Mark Hughes|date=May 25, 2015|website=Tuscaloosa News|language=en|access-date=2020-05-10}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
* Edere ihe sitere na akụkọ ndụ ya bụ &quot;Dust Tracks on a Road&quot; na ihe nkiri akwụkwọ akụkọ August 28: A Day in the Life of a People, nke Ava DuVernay duziri, bụ nke arụpụtara na mmeghe nke Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture na 2016.&lt;ref name=Essence-NMAAHC-2016&gt;{{cite news|last1=Davis|first1=Rachaell|title=Why Is August 28 So Special To Black People? Ava DuVernay Reveals All In New NMAAHC Film|url=http://www.essence.com/2016/09/22/ava-duvernay-premiere-nmaahc|work=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence]]|date=September 22, 2016|access-date=August 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716082304/https://www.essence.com/2016/09/22/ava-duvernay-premiere-nmaahc|archive-date=July 16, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;smithsonianmag2017&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |last1=Keyes |first1=Allison |title=In This Quiet Space for Contemplation, a Fountain Rains Down Calming Waters |magazine=Smithsonian Magazine |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/quiet-space-contemplation-fountain-rains-down-calming-waters-180964981/ |year=2017 |access-date=March 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311201639/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/quiet-space-contemplation-fountain-rains-down-calming-waters-180964981/ |archive-date=March 11, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bustle.com/p/ava-duvernays-august-28-delves-into-just-how-monumental-that-date-is-to-black-history-in-america-10220382 | first= Tai  | last= Gooden |title=Ava Duvernay's 'August 28' Delves Into Just How Monumental That Date Is To Black History In America |publisher=Bustle.com |access-date=August 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830174225/https://www.bustle.com/p/ava-duvernays-august-28-delves-into-just-how-monumental-that-date-is-to-black-history-in-america-10220382 |archive-date=August 30, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
  
* A sọpụrụ Hurston n'ime egwuregwu ndị ụmụ akwụkwọ dere ma mee na Indian River Charter High School na Ọktoba 2017, Jenụarị 2018, na Jenụarị 2019. Egwuregwu ahụ dabere na akwụkwọ ozi edere n'etiti Hurston na Vero Beach entrepreneur, onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye ọsụ ụzọ, Waldo E. Sexton.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tcpalm.com/story/specialty-publications/vero-beach/2017/11/14/unlikely-friendship-waldo-sexton-zora-neale-hurston-come-life-charter-high/850272001/|title=Unlikely friendship of Waldo Sexton, Zora Neale Hurston will come to life at Charter High|website=TCPalm|language=en|access-date=August 27, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://irchs.org/irchs-celebrates-vero-beachs-100th-year-anniversary/|first=Jessica|last=Krueger|title=IRCHS Celebrates Vero Beach's 100th Year Anniversary|date=October 23, 2018|website=Indian River Charter High School|language=en-US|access-date=August 27, 2019|archive-date=August 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827151525/https://irchs.org/irchs-celebrates-vero-beachs-100th-year-anniversary/|url-status=dead|accessdate=March 16, 2022|archivedate=August 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827151525/https://irchs.org/irchs-celebrates-vero-beachs-100th-year-anniversary/}}&lt;/ref&gt;


===Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị===

Hurston bụ onye Republican bụ onye nwere ọmịiko na amụma mba ọzọ nke na-etinyeghi aka na Old Right na onye na-akwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị enyemaka onwe onye Booker T. Washington . O kwenyeghị na nkà ihe ọmụma (gụnyere Kọmunist na New Deal ) nke ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọrụ ibe ya na Harlem Renaissance kwadoro, dị ka Langston Hughes, bụ onye nọ na 1930 bụ onye na-akwado Soviet Union ma too ya n'ọtụtụ abụ ya. John McWhorter akpọọla Hurston &quot;Ndị nchekwa nchekwa ojii kacha amasị America&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;McWhoter&quot;&gt;[[John McWhorter|McWhorter, John]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090816182536/http://www.city-journal.org/2009/19_3_urb-zora-neale-hurston.html &quot;Thus Spake Zora&quot;], {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816182536/http://www.city-journal.org/2009/19_3_urb-zora-neale-hurston.html|date=August 16, 2009}} ''City Journal'', Summer 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Root&quot;&gt;[[John McWhorter|McWhorter, John]] (January 4, 2011) [https://www.theroot.com/why-zora-neale-hurston-was-a-conservative-1790862242 Why Zora Neale Hurston Was a Conservative]  ''[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]]''&lt;/ref&gt;  ebe David T. Beito na Linda Royster Beito rụrụ ụka na ọ ga-aka mma iji mara ya dị ka onye nnwere onwe . N'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ ihe jikọrọ ya na Old Right na amụma ụlọ na nke mba ọzọ, Hurston abụghị onye nchekwa ọha . Ihe odide ya na-egosi njikọ nke feminism. N'akụkụ a, echiche ya yiri ndị edemede libertarian abụọ bụ ndị ha na ya dịkọrọ ndụ: Rose Wilder Lane na Isabel Paterson.&lt;ref name=&quot;Beito&quot;&gt;[[David T. Beito]] and Linda Royster Beito, [http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_12_04_4_beito.pdf &quot;Isabel Paterson, Rose Wilder Lane, and Zora Neale Hurston on War, Race, the State, and Liberty&quot;], ''Independent Review'' 12, Spring 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọ bụ ezie na nhota nke onwe ya na-egosi ekwenyeghị n'okpukpe, Hurston ewepụghị ihe ime mmụọ dị ka egosipụtara na akwụkwọ maka akụkọ ndụ ya nke e bipụtara na 1942, a kpọrọ ya, &quot;Dust Tracks on a Road&quot;:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Ekpere yiri ka ọ bụ mkpu nke adịghị ike, na mgbalị iji zere, site n'aghụghọ, iwu egwuregwu dị ka e debere. Anaghị m ahọrọ ịnakwere adịghị ike. Ana m anabata ihe ịma aka nke ibu ọrụ. Ndụ, dị ka ọ dị, adịghị atụ m egwu, ebe ọ bụ na emewo m udo na eluigwe na ụwa dị ka m hụrụ ya, na-eruberekwa isi n'iwu ya. Oké osimiri na-adịghị ehi ụra mgbe nile n'ihe ndina ya, na-eti mkpu &quot;ogologo oge?&quot; ruo Oge; nde akpụ akpụ ọkụ na-enweghị isi; iche echiche nke akụkụ abụọ a naanị, na-enye m nri zuru oke maka nkeji iri nke ndụ m tụrụ anya ya. Ọ dị m ka nkwenye a haziri ahazi bụ mkpokọta okwu gburugburu ọchịchọ. Ọ dị m ka enweghị m mkpa maka nke ahụ. Agbanyeghị, agaghị m, site n'okwu ma ọ bụ omume, nwaa ịnapụ onye ọzọ nkasi obi ọ na-enye. Ọ bụghị naanị m. Onye ọzọ nwere ike na-ele m anya na ndị mmụọ ozi. Isi-iyi nke ahịrị edo edo nke ụtụtụ site n'alụlụ nke miri emi nke ụtụtụ ezuworo m. Amaara m na ọ dịghị ihe na-emebi emebi; ihe na-agbanwe naanị ụdị. Mgbe nsụhọ anyị maara dị ka ndụ kwụsịrị, ama m na m ka ga-abụ akụkụ na akụkụ nke ụwa. M bụ akụkụ tupu anyanwụ akpọrepu n'ime udi na-agbawa pụta na ebube mgbanwe. Abụ m mgbe e si n’ọnụ ọkụ ya chụpụ ụwa. M ga-eji ụwa laghachi na Nna Sun ma ka dị adị mgbe anyanwụ tufuru ọkụ ya wee gbarie n'ime enweghi ngwụcha ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke mkpọmkpọ ebe nke mbara igwe. Gịnị mere ụjọ ji? Ihe dị n'ime m bụ okwu, na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-emegharị mgbe niile, ma ọ dịghị efu; ya mere kedu ihe mkpa nke ụka na nkwenye ịgọnarị onwe m nkasi obi nke mmadụ ibe m nile? Akara sara mbara nke eluigwe na ala anaghị achọ mgbaaka mkpịsị aka. Abụ m otu onye nwere enweghị ngwụcha, ọ nweghịkwa mmesi obi ike ọzọ&lt;ref name=FFRF&gt;Freedom From Religion Foundation [https://web.archive.org/web/20140107173554/https://ffrf.org/news/day/famous-freethinkers-secular-stars/spotlight/item/14128-zora-neale-hurston &quot;Zora Neale Hurston&quot;] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140107173554/https://ffrf.org/news/day/famous-freethinkers-secular-stars/spotlight/item/14128-zora-neale-hurston |date=January 7, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Na 1952, Hurston kwadoro mkpọsa onyeisi oche nke Senator Robert A. Taft . Dịka Taft, Hurston megidere amụma New Deal nke Franklin D. Roosevelt . Ọ kekọrịtakwara mmegide ya megide amụma mba ofesi itinye aka na Roosevelt na Truman . N'ime akwụkwọ mbụ o dere maka akụkọ ndụ ya, Dust Tracks on a Road, Hurston jiri ọchịchị United States tụnyere &quot;ngere&quot; na ngwongwo zuru ezu na Mafia - dị ka raket nchebe. Ọ na-akparị ndị na-achọ &quot;nnwere onwe&quot; maka ndị si mba ọzọ mana ọ gọnarị ya ndị mmadụ nọ na obodo ha: Roosevelt &quot;nwere ike ịkpọ aha n'ofe oke osimiri&quot; maka nnwere onwe anọ ya, mana o nweghị &quot;obi ike ikwu okwu ọbụna nwayọọ na ụlọ.&quot;  Mgbe Truman tụbara bọmbụ atọm na Japan ọ kpọrọ ya &quot;onye na-egbu anụ nke Asia&quot;. 

Hurston guzogidere mkpebi nke ulọikpe Kasị Elu n'ikpe Brown v. Board of Education ikpe nke 1954. O chere na ọ bụrụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche hà n'ezie (ma o kwenyere na ha na-aghọ ngwa ngwa), ịkụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị isi ojii na nso ụmụ akwụkwọ ọcha agaghị eme ka agụmakwụkwọ ka mma. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-echegbu onwe ya maka mbibi nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị isi ojii na ndị nkuzi isi ojii dị ka ụzọ isi nyefee ọdịnala ọdịnala nye ọgbọ ndị Africa America n'ọdịnihu. O kwuputara mmegide nke a n'akwụkwọ ozi, &quot;Court Order Can't Make Races Mix&quot;, nke e bipụtara na Orlando Sentinel na August 1955. Hurston agbanwebeghị mmegide ya ogologo oge n'ihi nkewa. Kama, ọ tụrụ egwu na mkpebi ụlọikpe ahụ nwere ike bụrụ ihe atụ maka gọọmentị etiti imebi nnwere onwe onye ọ bụla n'ọtụtụ okwu n'ọdịnihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://archive.lewrockwell.com/epstein/epstein15.html|title=Court Order Can't Make the Races Mix by Zora Neale Hurston|access-date= February 2, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150622222829/http://archive.lewrockwell.com/epstein/epstein15.html |archive-date=June 22, 2015 |url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Hurston megidekwara ọgwụgwọ mmasị maka ndị Africa-America, Ọ na-ekwu si:

&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Ọ bụrụ na m na-ekwu na usoro dum ga-ewe iwe ka m nwee mmeri, ana m ekwu na enweghị m ike ịnọdụ ala na egwuregwu ahụ nakwa na ekwesịrị ịme iwu dị nchebe iji nye m ohere. M jụrụ nke ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na ndị ọzọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, nyefee m aka ka m hụ ihe m nwere ike ime, n'agbanyeghị na m maara na ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-emekọ ihe site na ala na ịghọ aghụghọ ule dị ka ọkụ n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ&quot;.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
 

===Nkatọ akatọro ya===
===Echiche maka ibiakọta ọnụ===

Darwin Turner, onye prọfesọ bekee, na ọkachamara n'ime akwụkwọ African-American kwujoro Hurston n'afọ 1971 maka imegide njikọta nakwa maka mmemme mmegide iji nye ndị ojii ikike ịrụ ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Turner |first=Darwin T. |title=In a Minor Chord: Three Afro-American Writers and Their Search for Identity |url=https://archive.org/details/inminorchordthre0000turn |url-access=registration |year=1971 |publisher=Southern Illinois University Press |location=Carbondale|isbn=978-0809304813 |oclc=909407023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; N'agbanyeghị na a katọrọ ya, Hurston pụtara na ọ na-emegide mwekota dabere na mpako na echiche nke nnwere onwe. Ọ kweghị &quot;ehulata ala ihu onye ọcha&quot;, ma kwuo na &quot;ụlọ akwụkwọ Negro zuru oke&quot; adịkarị kamgbe n'afọ 1955.&lt;ref&gt;Eriksen, John M. [http://johneriksen.net/bc/bc_cb.htm ''Brevard County, Florida : A Short History to 1955'']  Chapter 13. &quot;Negro Writer Opposes Court Ruling&quot;, ''Titusville Star Advocate'', September 30, 1955, p. 2.&lt;/ref&gt;  A kọwara Hurston dị ka “onye na-agba mbọ inye ụmụ nwanyị isi ojii ike” n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe ọ rụzuru n'otu n'otu yana nkwenye siri ike ya na ụmụ nwanyị ojii nwere ike ịbụ &quot;onwe ha&quot;. Otú ọ dị, nkatọ a na-akatọkarị banyere ọrụ ya bụ na enweghị isi nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị agbụrụ ya na ederede ya, karịsịa banyere ụmụ nwanyị ojii, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ &quot;onye bụ isi maka ikpere arụsị ndị ọcha.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ikard|first=David|title=Ruthless Individuality and the Other(Ed) Black Women in Zora Neale Hurston's &quot;Their Eyes Were Watching God&quot;|date=2009|journal=CLA Journal|volume=53|issue=1|pages=1–22|issn=0007-8549|jstor=44395261}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Nnyocha na Nnọchiteanya===
Ndị ode akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ dị iche iche katọkwara Hurston maka ihe ngosi ya na-akpali akpali nke voodoo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Brock|first=H. i|date=1935-11-10|title=The Full, True Flavor of Life in a Negro Community; Mules and Men. By Zora Neale Hurston. With an Introduction by Franz Boas. Ten Illustrations by Miguel Covarrubias. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company. [Book review]|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/11/10/archives/the-full-true-flavor-of-life-in-a-negro-community-mules-and-men-by.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=2020-05-10|issn=0362-4331}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na magazin Crisis na 1943, Harold Preece katọrọ Hurston n'ihi ọbịbịa ya nke &quot;Negro primitivism&quot; iji kwalite ọrụ edemede ya.&lt;ref&gt;Preece, Harold, &quot;The Negro Folk Cult&quot;, ''Crisis'', v. 43, no. 12, December 1936.&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Negro History mere mkpesa na ọrụ ya na voodoo bụ ebubo nke amaghị ama na nkwenkwe ụgha nke ndị Africa na America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=McNeill|first=B. C.|date=April 1936|title=Zora Neale Hurston, with foreword by Franz Boas and illustrations by Miguel Covarrubias, Mules and Men|journal=The Journal of Negro History|language=en|volume=21|issue=2|pages=223–225|doi=10.2307/2714574|jstor=2714574|issn=0022-2992}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jeffrey Anderson kwuru na ụzọ nyocha Hurston bụ ihe a na-enyo enyo nakwa na ihe ọ na-ekwu maka ọrụ ya bu voodoo abuchaghi ihe mere eme. Ọ hụrụ na ọ kwetara ịmepụta mkparịta ụka maka akwụkwọ ya Mules na Men n'akwụkwọ ozi o degaara Ruth Benedict ma kọwaa ịkọ akụkọ Mules na Men akụkọ nke ndị dọkịta voodoo na-asọ mpi mgbe ọ bụ nwata na akụkọ ndụ ya mesịrị. Anderson kwenyere na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị ọzọ Hurston kwuru na akwụkwọ voodoo ya bu ihe a na-enyo enyo.

Ọtụtụ ndị na-ede akwụkwọ ekwuola na Hurston tinyere aka na ideghari ọrụ ndị ọzọ degoro nakwa na ọtụtụ ihe ndi o dere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya a kpọrọ &quot;Akụkọ Cudjo banyere onye ohu Afrịka ikpeazụ&quot; bụ ihe mmadụ ndị ọzọ degoro maka ya,&lt;ref&gt;Robert Hemenway, &quot;Zora Neale Hurston: A Literary Biography&quot;, [https://archive.org/details/zoranealehurston00robe/page/73 pp. 73–78], [https://archive.org/details/zoranealehurston00robe/page/96 pp. 96–99]&lt;/ref&gt; nakwa na ọ na-edekwa ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ndị ọzọ n'ọrụ ya na voodoo.


===Akwụkwọ ndekọ aha ahọpụtara===
* &quot;Journey's End&quot; (Negro World, 1922), poetry

* &quot;Night&quot; (Negro World, 1922), poetry

* &quot;Passion&quot; (Negro World, 1922), poetry
Color Struck (Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life, 1925), play

* Muttsy (Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life) 1926, short story.
* &quot;Sweat&quot; (1926), short story

* &quot;How It Feels to Be Colored Me&quot; (1928), essay

* &quot;Hoodoo in America&quot; (1931) in The Journal of American Folklore

* &quot;The Gilded Six-Bits&quot; (1933), short story

* Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934), novel

* Mules and Men (1935), non-fiction

* Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), novel

* Tell My Horse (1938), non-fiction

* Moses, Man of the Mountain (1939), novel

* Dust Tracks on a Road (1942), autobiography

* Seraph on the Suwanee (1948), novel

* &quot;What White Publishers Won't Print&quot; (Negro Digest, 1950)

* I Love Myself When I Am Laughing… and Then Again When I Am Looking Mean and Impressive: A Zora Neale Hurston Reader (Alice Walker, ed.; 1979)

* The Sanctified Church (1981)

* Spunk: Selected Stories (1985)

* Mule Bone: A Comedy of Negro Life (play, with Langston Hughes; edited with introductions by George Houston Bass and Henry Louis Gates Jr.; 1991)

* The Complete Stories (introduction by Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Sieglinde Lemke; 1995)

* Novels &amp; Stories: Jonah's Gourd Vine, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Moses, Man of the Mountain, Seraph on the Suwanee, Selected Stories (Cheryl A. Wall, ed.; Library of America, 1995)  ISBN 978-0-940450-83-7

* Folklore, Memoirs, &amp; Other Writings: Mules and Men, Tell My Horse, Dust Tracks on a Road, Selected Articles (Cheryl A. Wall, ed.; Library of America, 1995)  ISBN 978-0-940450-84-4

* Every Tongue Got to Confess: Negro Folk-tales from the Gulf States (2001)

* Zora Neale Hurston: A Life in Letters, collected and edited by Carla Kaplan (2003)

* Collected Plays (2008)

* Barracoon: The Story of the Last &quot;Black Cargo&quot; (2018)

* Hitting a Straight Lick with a Crooked Stick: Stories from the Harlem Renaissance (2020)

===Ihe nkiri, ihe onyonyo na redio===
* Na 1935 na 1936, Zora Neale Hurston mere ihe nkiri dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ ya na Florida na Haiti. Gụnyere ihe akaebe agbụrụ dị ụkọ nke okpukpe Hoodoo na Vodou na US na Haiti.

* Na 1989, PBS mere ihe nkiri dabere na ndụ Hurston nke isiokwu ya bụ Zora bụ Aha m!

* Usoro ihe onyonyo ụmụaka nke 1992–95 PBS Ghostwriter, bụ nke mesiri ike n'ịgụ na nka, gosipụtara ndị isi na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo Zora Neale Hurston na mpaghara Fort Greene nke Brooklyn, New York.

* Ihe nkiri 2004 a kpọrọ Brother to Brother, nke etinyere ụfọdụ n'ime ya n'oge Harlem Renaissance, gosipụtara Hurston (nke Aunjanue Ellis gosipụtara).

* Anya ha nọ na-ekiri Chineke ka emegharịrị maka ihe nkiri 2005 nke otu aha ahụ site n'aka Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Productions, nke Suzan-Lori Parks na-eme teleplay. Ihe nkiri a gosiri Halle Berry dị ka Janie Starks.

* Na Eprel 9, 2008, PBS gbasara akwụkwọ akụkọ ụwa nke were nkeji irí itoolu, Zora Neale Hurston: Jump at the Sun,  nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri Kristy Andersen dere ma mepụta ya,  dị ka akụkụ nke usoro American Masters . 

* Na 2009, Hurston gosipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ 90 nkeji gbasara ọrụ WPA Writers' akpọrọ mkpụrụ obi nke ndị mmadụ: Writing America's Story,   nke malitere na ọwa Smithsonian. Ọrụ ya na Florida n'oge 1930 ka e mere ka ọ pụta ìhè na akwụkwọ ibe, Soul of a People: The WPA Writers' Project Uncovers Depression America .
  
* Na 2017, Jackie Kay gosipụtara ihe nkiri 30 nkeji BBC Radio 4 gbasara Hurston akpọrọ Nwanyị Half na Shadow, nke izizi na Eprel 17, wee bụrụ nke dị ka pọdkastị.
  
* Rozonda Thomas na-egwu Hurston na ihe nkiri 2017 Marshall


===Hụkwa===
{{Portal|United States|Conservatism|Biography}}
* [[Florida literature]]
* [[Kevin Brown (author)]]

===Ebensidee===
===Ihe ndetu===
{{reflist}}


===Nkọwapụta===

* 28th Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities.  ZORA! Festival.  The Association to Preserve the Eatonville Community, 2017. Web. 10 April 2017.

* Abcarian, Richard, and Marvin Klotz. &quot;Zora Neale Hurston.&quot; In ''Literature: The Human Experience'', 9th edition. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2006, pp.&amp;nbsp;1562–63.

* Anderson, Christa S. &quot;African American Women.&quot; PBS. Public Broadcasting Service, 2005.  Web. 9 April 2017.

* Baym, Nina (ed.), &quot;Zora Neale Hurston.&quot; In ''The Norton Anthology of American Literature'', 6th edition, Vol. D. New York, [[W. W. Norton &amp; Co.]], 2003, pp.&amp;nbsp;1506–07.

* Beito, David T. &quot;Zora Neale Hurston,&quot; American Enterprise 6 (September/October 1995), pp.&amp;nbsp;61–3.
* Beito, David T. and Beito, Linda Royster, &quot;[http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_12_04_4_beito.pdf Isabel Paterson, Rose Wilder Lane, and Zora Neale Hurston on War, Race, the State, and Liberty]&quot;. ''Independent Review'' 12 (Spring 2008).

* Boyd, Valerie (2003). ''Wrapped in Rainbows: The Life of Zora Neale Hurston''. New York: Scribner. {{ISBN|0-684-84230-0}}.

* Ellis, C. Arthur. ''Zora Hurston And The Strange Case Of Ruby McCollum'', 1st edition. Lutz, FL: Gadfly Publishing, 2009.

* Estate of Zora Neale Hurston. &quot;Zora Neale Hurston.&quot; The Official Website of Zora Neale Hurston.  Zora Neale Hurston Trust, 2015.  Web. 11 April 2017.

* Flynn, Elisabeth, Caitlin Deasy, and Rachel Ruah. &quot;The Upbringing and Education of Zora Neale Hurston.&quot; Project Mosaic: Hurston. Rollins College, 11 July 2011.  Web.  11 April 2017.

* Harrison, Beth. &quot;Zora Neale Hurston and Mary Austin: A Case Study in Ethnography, Literary Modernism, and Contemporary Ethnic Fiction. MELUS. 21.2 (1996) 89–106. {{ISBN|978-0-9820940-0-6}}.

* [[Robert Hemenway|Hemenway, Robert E.]] ''Zora Neale Hurston: A Literary Biography''. Urbana: [[University of Illinois Press]], 1977. {{ISBN|0-252-00807-3}}.

* Hemenway, Robert E. &quot;Zora Neale Hurston.&quot; In Paul Lauter and Richard Yarborough (eds.), ''The Heath Anthology of American Literature'', 5th edition, Vol. D. New York: [[Houghton Mifflin Co.]], 2006, pp.&amp;nbsp;1577–78.

* Jones, Sharon L. ''A Critical Companion to Zora Neale Hurston: A Literary Reference to Her Life and Work'' (New York: Facts on File, 2009).

* Kaplan, Carla (ed.). ''Zora Neale Hurston:  A Life in Letters''. New York: Random House, 2003.

* Kraut, Anthea, &quot;Between Primitivism and Diaspora: The Dance Performances of [[Josephine Baker]], Zora Neale Hurston, and [[Katherine Dunham]]&quot;, ''Theatre Journal'' 55 (2003), pp.&amp;nbsp;433–50.

* Menefee, Samuel Pyeatt, &quot;Zora Neale Hurston (1891–1960).&quot; In Hilda Ellis Davidson and Carmen Blacker (eds.), ''Women and Tradition: A Neglected Group of Folklorists'', Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2000, pp.&amp;nbsp;157–72.

* Trefler, Annette.  &quot;Possessing the Self: Caribbean Identities in Zora Neale Hurston's Tell My Horse.&quot; African American Review. 34.2 (2000): 299–312.

* Tucker, Cynthia. &quot;Zora! Celebrated Storyteller Would Have Laughed at Controversy Over Her Origins. She Was Born In Notasulga, Alabama but Eatonville Fla., Claims Her As Its Own&quot;; article documents Kristy Andersen's research into Hurston's birthplace; ''[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|Atlanta Journal and Constitution]]'', January 22, 1995.

* Visweswaran, Kamala. ''Fictions of Feminist Ethnography.'' Minneapolis: [[University of Minnesota Press]], 1994. {{ISBN|0-8166-2336-8}}

* Walker, Alice. &quot;In Search of Zora Neale Hurston&quot;, ''[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]'' (March 1975), pp.&amp;nbsp;74–79, 84–89.

===Ọgụgụ ọzọ===

* {{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Valerie|authorlink=Valerie Boyd|title=Wrapped in Rainbows: The Life of Zora Neale Hurston|url=https://archive.org/details/wrappedinrainbow00boyd|url-access=registration|year=2003|publisher=Scribner|isbn=0684842300}}

* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/zoranealehurston00robe|title=Zora Neale Hurston: A Literary Biography|last=Hemenway|first=Robert|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=1977|isbn=0252006526|location=Urbana|url-access=registration}}

* {{cite book|last=Jones|first=Sharon Lynette|title=Critical Companion to Zora Neale Hurston: A Literary Reference to Her Life and Work|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vkRUxa8mc7YC|year=2009|publisher=[[Infobase Publishing]]|isbn=978-0816068852}}

* Lucy Anne Hurston (her niece), ''Speak So You Can Speak Again.''

* Moylan VL. ''Zora Neale Hurston’s Final Decade''. University Press of Florida; 2011. {{ISBN|0813035783}}

* Plant, Deborah G. ''Zora Neale Hurston : A Biography of the Spirit''. Praeger Publishers, 2007. {{ISBN|9780275987510}}

* Norwood, Alisha. [https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/zora-hurston &quot;Zora Hurston&quot;]. National Women's History Museum. 2017

* [https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2012/02/famous-contributors-zora-neale-hurston/ Zora Neale Hurston's &quot;The Conscience of the Court&quot;] in ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]''

===Njikọ Mpuga===
{{Commons category}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{Official website}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20011122204522/http://www.galegroup.com/free_resources/bhm/bio/hurston_z.htm Zora Neale Hurston] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011122204522/http://www.galegroup.com/free_resources/bhm/bio/hurston_z.htm |date=November 22, 2001 }} from the ''Concise Dictionary of American Literary Biography''

* [https://zorafestival.org/ Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities (ZORA! Festival)]

* [http://www.c-span.org/video/?169204-1/writings-hughes-hurston Writings of Hughes and Hurston] from [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Writers: A Journey Through History]]''

* [https://wfpp.columbia.edu/pioneer/zora-neale-hurston/ Zora Neale Hurston] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407024423/https://wfpp.columbia.edu/pioneer/zora-neale-hurston/ |date=April 7, 2020 }} at Women Film Pioneers Project at [[Columbia University]]

* {{imdb name|403678}}

===Ụlọakwụkwọ na ebe nchekwa===
* [http://www.howard.edu/library/reference/guides/hurston/ Zora Neale Hurston: 1891–1960]guide at [[Howard University]] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223053359/http://www.howard.edu/library/reference/guides/hurston/ |date=December 23, 2014 }}

* {{LCAuth|n79086453|Zora Neale Hurston|67|}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190404044023/http://social.rollins.edu/wpsites/mosaic-hurston/ Project Mosaic: Zora Neale Hurston]{{Dead link|date=March 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ([[Rollins College]])

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426001150/http://asp3.rollins.edu/olin/oldsite/archives/hurston.htm Olin Library Special Collection and Archive Zora Neale Hurston Collection] (Rollins College)

* [https://archives.nypl.org/scm/20707 Zora Neale Hurston Collection] at the [[Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture]]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060903231722/http://www.floridamemory.com/Collections/folklife/sound_hurston.cfm Sound recordings of Hurston in the 1930s] at the [[State Library and Archives of Florida]]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090727061724/http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~zoraneal/ Zora Neale Hurston Digital Archive] at the [[University of Central Florida]]

* [http://ufdc.ufl.edu/zora/ University of Florida Digital Collections Archive] at the [[University of Florida]]

* [http://drs.library.yale.edu:8083/saxon/SaxonServlet?style=http://drs.library.yale.edu:8083/saxon/EAD/yul.ead2002.xhtml.xsl&amp;source=http://drs.library.yale.edu:8083/fedora/get/beinecke:hurston/EAD&amp;query=zora%20neale%20hurston&amp;filter=&amp;hitPageStart=1 Zora Neale Hurston Collection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308145351/http://drs.library.yale.edu:8083/saxon/SaxonServlet?style=http%3A%2F%2Fdrs.library.yale.edu%3A8083%2Fsaxon%2FEAD%2Fyul.ead2002.xhtml.xsl&amp;source=http%3A%2F%2Fdrs.library.yale.edu%3A8083%2Ffedora%2Fget%2Fbeinecke%3Ahurston%2FEAD&amp;query=zora%20neale%20hurston&amp;filter=&amp;hitPageStart=1 |date=March 8, 2012 }}. James Weldon Johnson Collection in the Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.

* [https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/166231 Voices from the Gap's biography] – [[University of Minnesota]]

===Ebe nchekwa e meghere emeghe===
* {{Gutenberg author | id=Hurston,+Zora+Neale }}
* {{FadedPage|id=Hurston, Zora Neale|name=Zora Neale Hurston|author=yes}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Zora Neale Hurston |birth=1891 |death=1960}}
* {{Librivox author |id=9438}}
* {{OL author}}

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'''Michael Oluwadurotimi Obafemi''' (amụrụ 6 Julaị 2000) bụ onye ọkachamara na ndị na-agba [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] nke Irish na-agba dị ka onye ọkpọ maka EFL Championship klọb nke Swansea City .

== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Obafemi na Dublin ma nne na nna bu ndi Naijiria. Ezinụlọ ya kwagara gaa England ha zụlitere ya na mpaghara [[London]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;more&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/i-cant-stop-here-irish-youngster-makes-his-premier-league-debutand-now-he-wants-more-36514263.html|title='I can't stop here' - Irish youngster makes his Premier League debut...and now he wants more|work=Independent.ie|date=21 January 2018|accessdate=7 February 2018|author=Aidan Fitzmaurice}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwanne ya nwoke nke tọrọ ya bu Afolabi Obafemi bụkwa onye na-agba bọọlụ. 

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Watford hapụrụ Obafemi tupu ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya nke iri na anọ bu n'afọ 2014. O hapụrụ otu afọ ọ gbaghi bọọlu, tupu ọ banye Leyton Orient n'afọ 2015, ma gafeekwa na Southampton n'afọ 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Carl|author=Anka|title=Two London boys trying to make their mark on the south coast – meet Ramsay and Obafemi|url=https://theathletic.co.uk/1170568/2019/09/03/two-london-boys-trying-to-make-their-mark-on-the-south-coast-meet-ramsay-and-obafemi/|work=The Athletic|date=2 September 2019|accessdate=13 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Southampton ===
Obafemi mere ọkachamara mpụta mbụ ya maka Southampton dị ka onye nọchiri anya ha na nkeji 82 nke ha na Tottenham Hotspur gbara 1-1 n'ubọchi 21 Jenụwarị n'afọ 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.the42.ie/ireland-u19-youngster-makes-the-bench-for-southamptons-premier-league-clash-3809610-Jan2018/|title=17-year-old Irish striker makes debut in Southampton's Premier League clash|publisher=Journal Media|work=The42|accessdate=21 January 2018|author=Paul Fennessy}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ịbụ onye dị afọ 17 na ụbọchị 199, Obafemi ghọrọ onye kacha nta nke abụọ na ndị ọkpụkpọ ịpụta na egwuregwu Premier League maka Southampton mana Luke Shaw bu ụzọ pụta n'afọ 17 na ụbọchị 116. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Mike|author=Henson|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/42679252|title=Southampton 1–1 Tottenham|work=BBC Sport|date=21 January 2018|accessdate=21 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere goolu nke atọ gbagoro goolu ọkachamara mbụ ya na mmeri 3–1 na Huddersfield na n'ubochi 22 n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2018; na 18 afọ na 169 ụbọchị, ọ ghọrọ onye na enye goolu kacha nta nke Southampton na Premier League. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oscroft|first=Tim|title=Huddersfield Town 1 Southampton 3|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46576164|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=22 December 2018|date=22 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Obodo Swansea ===
N'ụbọ́chị 31 n'ọnwa Ọgọst n'afọ 2021, Obafemi sonyeere Swansea City maka ụgwọ a kọrọ na ọ dị n'etiti nde £1.5 na £2, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Michael Obafemi: Swansea City sign Southampton and Republic of Ireland striker|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58402433|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=1 September 2021|date=31 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọ́chị 23 n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2021, Obafemi nyere goolu mbụ ya maka Swansea na mmeri 2–1 ha meriri Birmingham City . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vincent|first=Gareth|date=23 October 2021|title=Birmingham City 2–1 Swansea City|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58935824|accessdate=24 October 2021|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Obafemi tozuru oke ịnọchite anya England, Naijiria na Repoblik nke Ireland . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Michael Obafemi: Martin O'Neill won't rush Southampton player to make international decision|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46210415|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=16 November 2018|date=14 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agbanyeghị, n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2018 ọ kwadoro Repoblik nke Ireland. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Michael Obafemi: Southampton starlet commits to the Republic of Ireland|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46226854|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=16 November 2018|date=15 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Obafemi anọchiela anya Repoblik nke Ireland n'ọkwa ndị afọ na akaghi-19, mpụta mbụ ya n'oge mkpọsa Asompi Iru eru 2019 nke UEFA European. 

N'abali 6 n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2018, a kpọrọ Obafemi aha n'otu ndị isi Repoblik nke Ireland oge mbụ maka enyi na enyi ha na Ugwu Ireland n'abali 15 n'ọnwa Nọvemba na egwuregwu UEFA Nations League megide Denmark n'abali 19 n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.the42.ie/martin-oneill-on-michael-obafemi-4326098-Nov2018/|title=18-year-old Southampton striker earns praise after first Ireland call-up|date=6 November 2018|work=The42|accessdate=7 November 2018|author=Paul Fennessy}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.the42.ie/ireland-squad-denmark-northern-ireland-4324713-Nov2018/|title=Nigerian-eligible Southampton teenager among four new call-ups in Ireland squad|date=6 November 2018|work=The42|accessdate=7 November 2018|author=Ben Blake}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bịara dị ka onye nọchiri anya na ọkara nke abụọ nke 0-0 sere megide Denmark iji mee mpụta mbụ ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Denmark 0 Republic of Ireland 0|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46256127|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=20 November 2018|date=19 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ ghọkwara onye ọkpụkpọ mbụ a mụrụ n'afọ 2000 gawa n'ihu iji nweta okpu ndi isi maka Ireland. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.the42.ie/michael-obafemi-reaction-denmark-november-2018-4348604-Nov2018/|title=Proud Obafemi 'never had any doubts' about representing Ireland|date=19 November 2018|work=The42|accessdate=20 November 2018|author=Paul Dollery}}&lt;/ref&gt; Obafemi mere mpụta mbụ ya maka ndị otu Repoblik nke Ireland ndi afọ ha akaghi-21 n'abali 10 n'ọnwa Ọctoba n'afọ 2019, na-apụta na oche, na eserese 0-0 ha na ndị na akaghi afọ-21 nke Italy na Ama Egwuregwu Tallaght  . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Michael got the crowd on the edge of their seats, he was running 70 yards with the ball'|url=https://www.the42.ie/stephen-kenny-on-michael-obafemi-2-4846686-Oct2019/|work=The 42|accessdate=28 December 2019|date=11 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
{{updated|match played 5 February 2022}}

Maka egwuregwu bọọlu agbara n'ubochi 5 n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2022.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Mpụta na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Iko FA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Iko EFL
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Mkpokọta
|-
! Nkewa
! Ngwa
! Ebumnuche
! Ngwa
! Ebumnuche
! Ngwa
! Ebumnuche
! Ngwa
! Ebumnuche
! Ngwa
! Ebumnuche
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | Southampton
| 2017-18 
| Njikọ Njikọ
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| 1
| 0
|-
| 2018-19 
| Njikọ Njikọ
| 6
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| 7
| 1
|-
| 2019-20 
| Njikọ Njikọ
| 21
| 3
| 2
| 0
| 2
| 1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| 25
| 4
|-
| 2020-21 
| Njikọ Njikọ
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| 5
| 0
|-
| 2021-22 
| Njikọ Njikọ
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| 1
| 0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Mkpokọta
! 32
! 4
! 2
! 0
! 5
! 1
! 0
! 0
! 39
! 5
|-
| Obodo Swansea
| 2021-22 
| Asọmpi
| 19
| 5
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|&lt;nowiki&gt; 0|21|5&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; | Ngụkọta ọrụ
! 47
! 8
! 3
! 0
! 6
! 1
! 0
! 0
! 56
! 9
|}

=== Mba ụwa ===
{{updated|match played 19 November 2018}}name=NFT&gt;{{NFT player |id=72659|name=Obafemi, Michael |accessdate=28 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maka egwuregwu bọọlu agbara n'ubochi 19 n'ọnwa Novemba n'afọ 2018.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Mpụta na ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke otu mba na afọ
! Otu mba
! Afọ
! Ngwa
! Ebumnuche
|-
| Republic nke Ireland
| 2018
| 1
| 0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Mkpokọta
! 1
! 0
|}

== Ebensidee ==

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{{databox}}
'''Michael Ngadeu-Ngadjui''' (ka amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1990) bụ [[Footbọl|onye]] [[Kameroon|Kamerun]] na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbara otu egwuregwu Gent nke [[Belgium]] bọọlụ na ndị isi ndị otu mba Kamerun.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ngadeu zụrụ dịka onye ntorobịa na Canon Yaoundé. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Cameroon, ọ nọrọ ọnwa isii na-amụ German iji mụọ Civil Engineering na Germany.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportschau.de/fussball/international/afrika-cup-interview-ngadeu-ngadjui-100.html|title=Interview mit dem Kameruner Michael Ngadeu Ngadjui - International - Fußball - sportschau.de|work=www.sportschau.de|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129194735/http://www.sportschau.de/fussball/international/afrika-cup-interview-ngadeu-ngadjui-100.html|archivedate=2017-01-29}} &lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ nọ na Germany, ọ gbara bọọlụ na SV Sandhausen II na 1. FC Nürnberg II, tupu ọ gafee na klọb Botoșani nke Romania n'afọ 2014, ebe o mechara yi uwe aka onye isi.

=== Slavia Prague ===
N'agbanyeghị asịrị jikọtara ya na ịkwaga Steaua Bucharest, n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2016 ọ rụchara mbufe € 500k na Slavia Prague.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.gsp.ro/international/campionate/exclusiv-primul-interviu-dat-in-romania-de-ngadeu-dupa-castigarea-cupei-africii-a-vorbit-si-despre-steaua-dar-si-despre-jucatorul-pe-care-l-vede-in-nationala-romaniei-502980.html|title=EXCLUSIV Primul interviu dat în România de Ngadeu după câștigarea Cupei Africii » A vorbit și despre Steaua, dar și despre jucătorul pe care-l vede în naționala României|work=GSP|accessdate=2018-04-06|language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 9 Mee 2018, ọ gbara bọọlụ dịka Slavia Prague meriri na 2017–18 Czech Cup final megide Jablonec .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.footballdatabase.eu/football.match.jablonec.slavia-prague.1242394.en.html|title=Jablonec 1-1 Slavia Prague - November 27, 2017 / HET Liga 2017/2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Jenụwarị 2019, mbufe nde euro 4.5 na Premier League n'akụkụ Fulham dara na nkeji ikpeazụ, mgbe Ngadeu jiri ụgbọelu gaa [[London]] ma gafee ahụike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sport.tn.nova.cz/clanek/tvrdik-se-zlobi-na-fulham-ngadeu-byl-temer-prodany-prestup-padl.html|title=Tvrdík se zlobí na Fulham! Ngadeu byl téměř prodaný, přestup padl|date=February 2019|accessdate=2022-06-03|archivedate=2019-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218064235/http://sport.tn.nova.cz/clanek/tvrdik-se-zlobi-na-fulham-ngadeu-byl-temer-prodany-prestup-padl.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O gosipụtara ọzọ nke ọma na oge 2018–19, ma na mkpọsa Europa League nke Slavia nke biri na nkeji iri na ise, na n'ụlọ, ebe ndị otu ahụ nwetara okpukpu abụọ mbụ ha kemgbe 1942.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.slavia.cz/zapas.asp?id=Double-Slavia-3368|title=Double Slavia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ná ngwụsị nke oge 2018-19 Czech First League, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-agbachitere egwuregwu ahụ.

=== Gent ===
Na Julaị 2019, Ngadeu kwagara klọb Gent nke Belgium.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kaagent.be/nl/supporter/news/17-07-2019/welcome-michael-ngadeu|title=Welcome Michael Ngadeu!}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Ngadeu mere egwuregwu izizi ya maka ndị otu mba Cameroon na mmeri 2–0 megide Gambia maka 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualification.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afrik-foot.com/can-2017-le-cameroun-sans-forcer-l-ethiopie-en-salle-d-attente|title=CAN 2017 : Le Cameroun sans forcer, l'Ethiopie en salle d'attente - Afrik-foot.com : l'actualité du football africain|author=Lantheaume|first=Romain|work=www.afrik-foot.com|date=3 September 2016|accessdate=2018-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara n'ihu na-egwu nkeji ọ bụla nke mmeri Cameroon na 2017 Africa Cup of Nations campaign, na-enye goolu abụọ, gụnyere ikpochapụ akara na-esote goolu mmeri na egwuregwu nke otu megide Guinea-Bissau. N'ikpeazụ, a kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị na-agbachitere atọ na Confederation of African Football's Team of the Tournament .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-US/NewsCenter/News/NewsDetails?id=auMqtAj3SdstqcMlrNnjPQ==|title=Bassogog named Total Man of the Competition|author=Football|first=CAF - Confederation of African|work=www.cafonline.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-04-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ lọtara na 2017 Africa Cup of Nations, o nyere naanị okpu-trick nke ọrụ ya maka Slavia Prague na egwuregwu mbụ ya na 25 Febụwarị 2017 na mmeri 8-1 ha na Příbram.

Na Septemba 2018, a kpọrọ ya dịka onye isi maka onye njikwa ọhụrụ Clarence Seedorf nke mbụ 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification game megide The Comoros .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.camfoot.com/actualites/comores-cameroun-michael-ngadeu-ngadjui-nouveau-capitaine-des-lions,29137.html==|title=Michael Ngadeu Ngadjui new captain of Indomitable Lions|author=Football|first=Camfoot|work=www.camfoot.com|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2018-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnụọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Ngosipụta nakwa akara goolu ndị klọb nyere, nakwa asọmpi. 
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Cup
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Continental
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Botoșani
|2014–15
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Liga I
|28
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |–
|29
|1
|-
|2015–16
|25
|6
|0
|0
|0
|0
|25
|6
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!53
!7
!1
!0
!0
!0
!54
!7
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Slavia Prague
|2016–17
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Czech First League
|27
|6
|4
|0
|5{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]|name=UEL}}
|0
|36
|6
|-
|2017–18
|20
|1
|2
|0
|9{{efn|Four appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], five appearances and one goal in UEFA Europa League}}
|1
|31
|2
|-
|2018–19
|29
|0
|3
|0
|13{{efn|Two appearances in UEFA Champions League, eleven appearances and one goal in UEFA Europa League}}
|1
|45
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!76
!7
!9
!0
!27
!2
!112
!9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Gent
|2019–20
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Belgian First Division A
|29
|3
|1
|0
|12{{efn|name=UEL}}
|1
|42
|4
|-
|2020–21
|27
|1
|0
|0
|7{{efn|Three appearances in UEFA Champions League, four appearances in UEFA Europa League}}
|0
|34
|1
|-
|2021–22
|31
|2
|3
|0
|13{{efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}}
|0
|47
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!87
!6
!4
!0
!32
!1
!123
!7
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!216
!20
!14
!0
!59
!3
!289
!23
|}
 

=== Mba ụwa ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Ihe ngosi goolu ndị otu mba nakwa afọ a gbara ya
!National team
!Year
!Apps
!Goals
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Cameroon
|2016
|4
|0
|-
|2017
|17
|2
|-
|2018
|4
|0
|-
|2019
|9
|0
|-
|2020
|1
|0
|-
|2021
|7
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!42
!4
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ'' na-edepụta ihe mgbaru ọsọ Cameroon na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ọsọ Ngadeu-Ngadjui ọ bụla gasịrị.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke goolu mba ụwa nke Michael Ngadeu-Ngadjui nyere
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Akara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Asọmpi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|18 Jenụwarị 2017
|Stade d'Angondjé, Libreville, Gabon
| Guinea-Bissau
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
|2017 Africa Cup of Nations
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|2 Febụwarị 2017
|Stade de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| Ghana
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
|2017 Africa Cup of Nations
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
|3 Septemba 2021
|Paul Biya Stadium, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| Malawi
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2022 FIFA World Cup qualification
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4
|11 Ọktoba 2021
|Stade Ibn Batouta, Tangiers, Morocco
| Mozambique
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Slavia Prague'''

* Czech First League: 2016–17, 2018–19
* Czech Cup: 2017–18, 2018–19

'''Gent'''

* Iko Belgium: 2021–22

Camaroon 

* Iko mba Afrịka: 2017

== Edensibia ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Adriaan Hermanus Diedericks''' (amụrụ na 1 Nọvemba 1990, Cape Town, South Afrịka) bụ onye na-ese ihe na South Afrịka. A maara ya maka ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla nchara ya nke oge a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.absolutart.co.za/contemporary-artists/diedericks-adriaan|title=Diedericks, Adriaan – Investment Art {{!}} Art Valuations|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2018-01-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129100756/http://www.absolutart.co.za/contemporary-artists/diedericks-adriaan}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://franschhoek.org.za/event/solo-exhibition-by-adriaan-diedericks-perceptive-resonance-at-art-in-the-yard/|title=Franschhoek Wine Valley {{!}} Solo exhibition by Adriaan Diedericks &quot;Perceptive Resonance&quot; at Art in the Yard|work=franschhoek.org.za|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2019-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011156/https://franschhoek.org.za/event/solo-exhibition-by-adriaan-diedericks-perceptive-resonance-at-art-in-the-yard/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Stellenbosch n'afọ 2012, ọ mụtara Lionel Smit site na 2013 ruo 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.effettoarte.com/adriaan-diedericks/|title=Adriaan Diedericks {{!}} Effetto Arte, Rivista d'Arte Online|author=Cairoli|first=Isabella|date=2014-12-29|work=Effetto Arte|language=it|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2019-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212012026/http://www.effettoarte.com/adriaan-diedericks/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Diedericks bụ SASOL New Signatures Finalist na 2010 na 2014 na PPC YCSA Finalist na 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.contemporaryand.com/fr/exhibition/sasol-new-signatures-western-cape-finalists/|title=SASOL New Signatures – Western Cape Finalists {{!}} Contemporary And|work=www.contemporaryand.com|language=de|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2019-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011506/https://www.contemporaryand.com/fr/exhibition/sasol-new-signatures-western-cape-finalists/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.art.co.za/news/the-character-of-concrete-ppc-young-concrete-sculptors-awards-2013.php|title=The Character of Concrete - PPC Young Concrete Sculptors Awards 2013 - Art.co.za Art Blog - News|work=www.art.co.za|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2019-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011946/https://www.art.co.za/news/the-character-of-concrete-ppc-young-concrete-sculptors-awards-2013.php}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2014, a kpọrọ Diedericks ka ọ sonye na Art Fair Strasbourg na Cologne.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.calameo.com/read/0029015244888635fe217|title=ST-ART - Catalogue 2014|work=calameo.com|accessdate=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/arts-portal/visual-arts/grande-provence-boasts-a-treasure-trove-for-art-lovers-1813039|title=Grande Provence boasts 'a treasure trove' for art-lovers {{!}} Cape Times|work=www.iol.co.za|accessdate=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E gosipụtara ya n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ gụnyere ''SA Art Times'', ''Top Billing'', ''Effe O' Arte'', Visi, ''Die Burger'', Country Life, ''Ubi Bene''&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www2-mannheimer-morgen.morgenweb.de/anzeigen/beilagen/2017_03_ubibene/index.html#page_124|title=Blätterkatalog|work=www2-mannheimer-morgen.morgenweb.de|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2019-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011636/https://www2-mannheimer-morgen.morgenweb.de/anzeigen/beilagen/2017_03_ubibene/index.html#page_124}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ''SLOW Magazine''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.freemagazines.co.za/index.php/our-free-magazines/slow-magazine/item/580-slow-edition-48-april-2018|title=SLOW Edition 48 - April 2018|work=www.freemagazines.co.za|accessdate=2018-12-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011414/https://www.freemagazines.co.za/index.php/our-free-magazines/slow-magazine/item/580-slow-edition-48-april-2018|archivedate=2019-02-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.topbilling.com/articles/Sculpting-masterpieces-with-Adriaan-Diedericks-.html?articleID=3112|title=Sculpting masterpieces with Adriaan Diedericks|work=www.topbilling.com|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2025-10-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251018162644/http://www.topbilling.com/articles/Sculpting-masterpieces-with-Adriaan-Diedericks-.html?articleID=3112}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.visi.co.za/artists-we-love-adriaan-diedericks/adriaan-2/|title=Artists We Love: Adriaan Diedericks|work=Visi|accessdate=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://barnardgallery.com/wp-content/uploads/merged.pdf|title=Visuele eer betoon aan koerant gebore uit hoop en smart|author=|first=|date=|work=barnardgallery.com|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.countrylife.co.za/leisure/down-to-a-fynart|title=Down to a FynArt|author=Grobler|first=Nicol|date=2016-04-18|work=SA Country Life|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2017-07-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728020221/http://www.countrylife.co.za/leisure/down-to-a-fynart}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Diedericks mepere ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọla nchara na 2016 na Strand, South Afrịka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://99loop.co.za/exhibitions/2017/1/25/diedericks-christened-ships|title=Christened Ships {{!}} Diedericks|work=99 Loop|accessdate=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2017, Diedericks gara nnọkọ nke anọ nke International Artist Symposium ya na ndị omenkà 9 ndị ọzọ si gburugburu ụwa na Museum Villa Böhm na Germany ''[http://www.stadtmuseum-neustadt.de/ ebe]'' ọ rụrụ ọrụ na sandstone na nke mbụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;/&gt;

Diedericks tinyere nnukwu ihe ọkpụkpụ ọha na eze na Stellenbosch, Hermanus, Franschhoek na Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sost.co.za/exhibitions/reflections/sculptures|title=Sculptures|work=www.sost.co.za|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2019-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043950/http://www.sost.co.za/exhibitions/reflections/sculptures}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.artangelsinitiative.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/2018-EH-ArtAngels-Cape-Town-LR.pdf|title=Art Angeles Initiative 2018|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044331/http://www.artangelsinitiative.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/2018-EH-ArtAngels-Cape-Town-LR.pdf|archivedate=2019-03-06|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụdị ==
Ọrụ Diedericks na-egosipụta ụdị ihe ọkpụkpụ nke Gris oge ochie, na mmezi nke oge a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africanah.org/adriaan-diedericks/|title=Adriaan Diedericks|author=admin|date=2017-02-05|work=AFRICANAH.ORG|accessdate=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'iji akụkọ ifo oge ochie, nke Afrịka na nke Europe, Diedericks na-agụnye ihe osise nke ụmụ nwoke, ịnyịnya na ụgbọ mmiri. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ Michel Foucault's Theory of Power na dialectic nke nna ukwu na ohu Hegel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://artintheyard.co.za/project/adriaan-diedericks/|title=Adriaan Diedericks|date=2016-03-09|work=Art In The Yard|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2019-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011714/https://artintheyard.co.za/project/adriaan-diedericks/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ndị ahọpụtara ==

=== 2018 ===

* Cape Town Art Fair, L99P Gallery, Cape Town&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://99loop.co.za/exhibitions/capetown-artfair-2018|title=Investec Cape Town Art Fair {{!}} 16 - 18 Feb 2018|work=99 Loop|accessdate=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2017 ===

* Perceptive Resonance, Solo Exhibition, Art nin the Yard Gallery&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;
* Christened Ships, L99p Gallery. Cape Town.
* Cape Town Art Fair, L99P Gallery, Cape Town&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://99loop.co.za/exhibitions/capetown-art-fair-2017|title=Cape Town Art Fair|work=99 Loop|accessdate=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2016 ===

* Ahụ na-ejegharị ejegharị, Ngosipụta nke Onwe, Rust na Vrede Gallery, Cape Town&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rust-en-vrede.com/adriaan-diedericks/|title=Rust-en-Vrede Gallery – ADRIAAN DIEDERICKS|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2019-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011545/http://www.rust-en-vrede.com/adriaan-diedericks/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Turbine Art Fair, Lizamore &amp; Associates&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://lizamore.co.za/blog/2016/7/7/turbine-art-fair-2016|title=TURBINE ART FAIR 2016|work=Lizamore &amp; Associates|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2019-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011408/http://lizamore.co.za/blog/2016/7/7/turbine-art-fair-2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2015 ===

* Seraph, Ngosipụta nke Onwe, Jan Royce Gallery, Cape Town&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetownmylove.com/2015/09/23/do-check-out-seraph-a-solo-exhibition-by-local-artist-adriaan-diedericks/|title=Do check out SERAPH - a solo exhibition by local artist Adriaan Diedericks|date=2015-09-23|work=Cape Town My Love|accessdate=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Binne Buiteland. Gallery na Leviseur, Bloemfontein&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/volksblad/20150521/281784217679696|title=PressReader.com - Connecting People Through News|work=www.pressreader.com|accessdate=2018-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Dị ka ọ dị, otú ahụ ka ọ dị, Ngosipụta Solo, Grande Provence, Franschhoek&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.grandeprovence.co.za/experiences/exhibitions-at-the-gallery/past-exhibition-%E2%80%93-as-is,-so-was-by-adriaan-diedericks/|title=PAST EXHIBITION – 'as is, so was' by Adriaan Diedericks - Grande Provence Heritage Wine Estate|work=www.grandeprovence.co.za|accessdate=2018-12-20|archivedate=2019-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717185333/http://www.grandeprovence.co.za/experiences/exhibitions-at-the-gallery/past-exhibition-%E2%80%93-as-is,-so-was-by-adriaan-diedericks/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2014 ===

* ST-ART, Strasbourg Art Fair, L'Art Industriel, Strasbourg&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;
* Art Cologne, L'Art Industriel, Cologne

== Nchịkọta ndị ahọpụtara ==

* Ellerman Contemporary
* Quoin Rock Wine Estate
* Cavalli Wine &amp; Stud Estate
* Holbar AG Liechtenstein
* PPC Private Collection
* Modern Art Projects Collection, Richmond
* Association of Arts Pretoria
* MXIT Private Collection
* Bartinney Wine Estate

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Adrianne Byrd</title>
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'''Adrianne Janette Byrd''' (amụrụ na Nọvemba 23, 1970- Ọktoba 30, 2020) bụ onye edemede Africa-America kacha ere ahịa nke ihe karịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ ịhụnanya 50. Akwụkwọ ya kachasị ewu ewu, The Beautiful Ones, dị n'ihe karịrị 400 WorldCat libraries.&lt;ref name=&quot;world&quot;&gt;[http://www.worldcat.org/wcidentities/lccn-no97061543 WorldCat author listing]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Byrd na Memphis, [[Tennessee]], n'ime ezinụlọ ndị agha. Ọ gara Europe niile dị ka nwatakịrị. Nwanne Byrd nke okenye mere ka ọ mata akwụkwọ akụkọ ịhụnanya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, ọ zụlitere mmasị n'ide akụkọ ifo.

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 1994, onye ọrụ ibe ya mere ka Byrd mara otu isiokwu gbasara Romance Writers of America. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1996, ọ resịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, Defenseless, na Kensington Publishing. N'afọ 2006, o so dee trilogy Hoodwives n'okpuru aha De'nesha Diamond . N'ikpeazụ, o dere usoro Divas kacha ere ahịa (Hood). [citation needed]

Akwụkwọ mba, gụnyere Today Az Black Woman, Upscale, na Heart and Soul gosipụtara ọrụ ya. O nwetakwala  nrite mpaghara maka edemede ihe nkiri.

N'afọ 2014, Byrd bi na [[Jorjiạ (state)|Georgia]], USA. Ọ na-ede dị ka Diamond maka usoro Hoodwives na Divas. O dekwara dị ka Layla Jordan na AJ Byrd.

== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ==
Measure of Man bụ ihe ọchị ịhụnanya banyere nwanyị, Peyton Garner, onye kwenyere na nwanne ya nwoke, Flex Adams, achọtawo onye ọhụụ ọhụrụ, Trey &quot;Lincoln&quot; Carver, mgbe ọ kwụsịrị mmekọrịta afọ iri. Otú ọ dị, Lincoln abụghị nwoke na-edina nwoke ma ọ bụ mara onye Flex bụ. Mgbe Peyton na Lincoln zutere na New York, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha abụọ malitere. Ka ezinụlọ Peyton na-ezukọta maka agbamakwụkwọ, nghọtahie ndị a malitere ịpụta.

My Destiny bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ịhụnanya banyere nwanyị aha ya bụ Destiny nke na-asọ onye agbata obi ọhụrụ ya oyi, onye ọka iwu aha ya bụ Miles Stafford, onye kwagara n'ụlọ ahụ gafere ụlọ nzukọ ahụ. Ka Destiny na-ahụ omume mpako ya na mmasị ya maka ụmụ nwanyị, ọ mechara jụ mmasị ya n'ebe ọ nọ. Otú ọ dị, mgbe nkwụsị ọkụ na-emebi ndụ ha abụọ, n'oge na-adịghị anya, a na-ejikọta ha ọnụ ma Destiny na-aghọta ngwa ngwa na ọ nwere ike ikpe Miles ikpe ngwa ngwa. Mgbe ha ghọsịrị ndị enyi, ha na-emeghe ụlọ ọrụ iwu nke ha ọnụ. Ka ha na-etolite, ma Destiny na Miles na-achọ ihe ndị ọzọ na-amasị ịhụnanya, mana ha abụọ enweghị ike ịchọta onye kwesịrị ekwesị. Afọ iri gara aga na Destiny chọtara Miles mgbe ọ na-aṅụbiga mmanya ókè ma gosipụta mmasị ọhụrụ na onye ọ hụrụ n'anya mbụ.

== Onyinye ==

=== Ihe nrite RT ===
RT Awards na-enye site na Romantic Times Magazine

* 2003 Comfort of A Man- Best Multicultural
* 2010 Obi Nzuzo-Mkpa Multicultural
* 2011-A Christmas Affair- Best Kimani Romance&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20181211052642/http://www.rtbookreviews.com/book-review/christmas-affair &quot;A Christmas Affair - Adrianne Byrd&quot;]. ''rtbookreviews.com''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Emma Awards, nke Romance Slam Jam nyere

* 2003- Ntụziaka nke Romance Omenala Nwoke kachasị amasị ya
* 2012- King's Passion- Best Romance Sequel

''Romance in Color Ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na-ahọrọ onyinye''

* 2003- Nkwado nke Akwụkwọ Nwoke kacha hụ n'anya
* 2003- Obi iru ala nke dike nwoke kachasị amasị ya
* 2003- Comfort of a Man- Favorite Heroine.

''Ihe omuma nke Romance''

* 2003- Nkwado nke ịhụnanya nwoke kacha mma nke Arabesque.

'''Bibliography:'''

* Enweghị nchebe (1997) Kensington/ Pinnacle.
* Nwoke nke Ụlọ-Otu n'ime Nde (1998) Kensington/Pinnacle.
* Chefuo m (1998) Kensington/ Pinnacle.
* I Promise (1999) Kensington/ Pinnacle
* Say You Love Me (2000) BET/ Arabesque.
* Ịhụnanya Deception (2000) BET/ Arabesque.
* All I've Ever Wanted (2001) BET/ Arabesque.
* Nkwado Ịhụnanya (2002) BET/Arabesque.
* My Destiny (2003) BET/Arabesque
* Obi iru ala nke Nwoke (2003) BET/Arabesque
* Unforgettable (2004) BET/Arabesque
* Ọ bụrụ na ị na-atụ egwu (2004)-Avon HarperCollins
* Mkpụrụ nke Nwoke (2005) BET/Arabesque
* Ndị mara mma (2005) BET/ Arabesque
* Deadly Double (2005) BET/Arabesque&lt;ref&gt;[http://freshfiction.com/review.php?id=1503 &quot;Review: Deadly Double by Adrianne Byrd | Old lovers, murder and amnesia make a this a page turner&quot;]. ''freshfiction.com''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bookreview.com/$spindb.query.listreview2.booknew.12502|title=Archived copy|work=www.bookreview.com|accessdate=6 June 2022|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140831221314/http://www.bookreview.com/$spindb.query.listreview2.booknew.12502|archivedate=31 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.midwestbookreview.com/mbw/jul_05.htm &quot;Deadly Double&quot;]. ''Midwest Book Review''.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Oge Ọrụ Ebube (2005) BET/Arabesque
* Mgbe Ị bụ nke M (2006) BET/Arabesque
* Nwa m (2006) Harlequin/ Kimani
* Ohere maka ezumike - Ịchọta Isi Ihe Aka Mma (2006)
* Harlequin/Arabesque
* Mgbe Valentine na-agbagwoju anya-2007) Harlequin/ Kimani
* Blue Skies (2007) Harlequin/ Arabesque
* Mmetụta Ọkụ (2007) Harlequin/ Arabesque
* Ịhụ Onye Ọtụrụ n'anya (2007) Harlequin/ Arabesque
* Nwunye Abụọ na Agbamakwụkwọ ( 2008) Harlequin/ Kimani
* Arụmụka (2008) Harlequin/ Arabesque
* Ihe nketa onye ọ hụrụ n'anya (2008) Harlequin/ Kimani&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20181210020058/https://www.rtbookreviews.com/book-review/her-lovers-legacy &quot;HER LOVER'S LEGACY&quot;]. ''RT Book Reviews''.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sinful Chocolate (2009) Harlequin/ Kimani
* Ịhụnanya Na-ewe Oge (2009) Harlequin/ Arabesque
* Queen of Hearts (2009) Harlequin/ Arabesque
* Tender to His Touch (2009) Harlequin/ Arabesque
* Okpomọkụ ahụ (2010) Harlequin/ Kimani&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20181212122043/http://www.rtbookreviews.com/book-review/body-heat-2 &quot;BODY HEAT&quot;]. ''RT Reviews'',&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ịhụnanya Mbụ (2010) Harlequin/ Kimani
* Otu oge n'oge ezumike-Candy Christmas ( 2010) Harlequin/
* Arabic
* Naanị Ọchịchọ M (2011) Harlequin/ Kimani
* Eze Passion (2011)-Harlequin/ Arabesque
* Eze Nkwa (2011)- Harlequin/ Arabesque
* Eze Obi ụtọ (2011) Harlequin/ Arabesque
* Ihe Omume Krismas (2011) Harlequin/ Kimani

* Ndị isi na-enweghị olileanya ( 2008) Simon na Schuster/ Touchtone
* Shameless Hoodwives (2008) Simon na Schuster/ Touchtone
* Ndụ Hood (2009) Simon na Schuster/ Touchtone
* Obi mgbawa ( 2010) Kensington/ Dafina
* Hustlinia Divas (2010) Kensington/ Dafina
* Street Divas (2011) Kensington/ Dafina
* Gangsta Divas ( 2012) Kensington/ Dafina
* Boss Divas (2013) Kensington/ Dafina

'''Dị ka Layla Jordan'''

* The Liarʹs Club (2010) Kensington/ Dafina

'''Dị ka A.J. Byrd'''

* Ịchụ Romeo (2009) Harlequin/ Kimani Tru
* Losing Romeo (2010) Harlequin/ Kimani Tru Dị ka WorldCat si kwuo, a na-edebe akwụkwọ ahụ n'ọbá akwụkwọ 274&lt;ref name=&quot;world&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/b/adrianne-byrd/
* https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002533/http://www.harlequin.com/author.html?authorid=1236
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Michael Holman (filmmaker)</title>
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'''Michael Thomas Holman''' bụ ónyé na-ese ihe, ónyé édémédé, ónyé na-eme ihe nkiri na ónyé na-eti egwu na New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=May 6, 2019|title=With East Village exhibition, the art of Jean-Michel Basquiat comes home|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/with-east-village-exhibition-the-art-of-jean-michel-basquiat-comes-home|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=August 9, 2020|work=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị n'etiti ọbọdọ na mmalite afọ 1980 na onye mepụtara mmemme egwu Hip Hop Graffiti Rock. Holman bụ onye guzobere, ya na Jean-Michel Basquiat, nke otu nnwale Gray.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Boch|first=Richard|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/mudd-club/oclc/972429558?referer=br&amp;ht=edition|title=The Mudd Club|publisher=[[Feral House]]|year=2017|isbn=978-1-62731-051-2|location=Port Townsend, WA|pages=82|language=English|oclc=972429558}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2016, ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze nke New York nwetara ihe ndekọ Holman màkà Performing Arts na Lincoln Center.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts Acquires Michael Holman Archive, First Hip-Hop Collection in its Holdings|url=https://www.nypl.org/press/press-release/october-3-2016/new-york-public-library-performing-arts-acquires-michael-holman|accessdate=2022-01-07|work=The New York Public Library}}&lt;/ref&gt; National Museum of African American History and Culture nwetara ihe ndị ọzọ Holman. Holman emeela ya Confessions Of A Subculturalist spoken word performance na Bruno Walter Auditorium na Lincoln Center, na ụda na vidiyo ya ''The Subjective Gaze'', Parts 1&amp;2 performance na New York City's Museum of Modern Art.

Holman dèrè ma duzie Nile Rodgers 'We Are Family Foundation 10th Anniversary Gala na Tommy Boy Music 30th Anniversory Performance na Montreux Jazz Festival.

== Ọrụ ==
Holman nwetara nzèrè Bachelor of Economics na Mahadum San Francisco na 1978.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=New York Stories: Michael Holman|url=https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2013/05/new-york-stories-michael-holman|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-08-09|work=Redbull Music Academy|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara gaa New York University Graduate School of Film.

Mgbè ọ na-agba egwú na disko dị n'ebe ugwu California, a kpọbatara ya n'òtù egwu egwu a na-akpọ The Tubes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Early Hip-Hop Evangelist Michael Holman on New York, Basquiat and Graffiti Rock|url=https://daily.redbullmusicacademy.com/2015/09/michael-holman-feature|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-08-09|work=Redbull Music Academy|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mée 1978, Holman kwagara New York City ịrụ ọrụ na Wall Street. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;N'ebe ahụ, ọ chọpụtara otu Fab Five graffiti ma bụrụ enyi Fab 5 Freddy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ihe nkiri na telivishọn ===
Holman mere  nkírí nka dị mkpirikpi nke gosipụtara na The Mudd Club, Tier 3, The Ritz na ebe egwu ndị ọzọ.

N'afọ 1984, Holman mepụtara ma kwado ihe ngosi telivishọn hip-hop dị mkpirikpi, Graffiti Rock .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1984-06-28|title='Graffiti Rock' Tunes In On the Hip-Hop Culture|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/28/arts/graffiti-rock-tunes-in-on-the-hip-hop-culture.html|accessdate=2022-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A gwara Holman ma nye ya akụkọ mmepe na ihe nkiri maka ihe nkiri Miramax nke 1996 ''Basquiat'', nke Julian Schnabel duziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Turan|first=Kenneth|date=August 6, 1996|title='Basquiat': The Tortures of Creative Life|work=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-08-09-ca-32563-story.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ pụtakwara na ihe nkiri nke gosipụtara ndụ onye otu ya nwụrụ anwụ Jean-Michel Basquiat.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Holman dere, mepụta ma duzie mmemme telivishọn ụmụaka maka Nickelodeon Network, ọkachasị Blue's Clues na Eureekańs Castle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1035537/?ref_=pro_nm_visitcons|accessdate=April 28, 2022|title=Michael Holman}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akwụkwọ akụkọ na agụmakwụkwọ ===
Dị ka onye edemede na onye nta akụkọ, Holman edeela maka ''East Village Eye'', ''ArtForum'' na Art Monthly.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gonzalez|first=David|date=2013-07-22|title=A One-Episode Show With a Lasting Impact on Hip-Hop|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/22/nyregion/a-one-episode-show-with-a-lasting-impact-on-hip-hop.html|accessdate=2022-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkà mara mma ===
Holman mepụtara  na Mudd Club, ọkachasị The Soul Party na 1980.

Ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze nke New York maka Performing Arts, Jerome Robbins Dance Division nwetara ihe ndekọ Holman na 2016. N'otu afọ ahụ, National Museum of African American History and Culture nwetara  ole na ole Holman si na 1980s.

== Ndị a nabatara ==
Holman natara Paulette Goddard Award, Best Film, NYU, maka Head's, You Win, na 1987.

O meriri Best Video Of The Year site na Rolling Stone Magazine maka Run DMC music video Christmas In Hollis na 1987.

Eureeka's Castle meriri Cable Industry Ace Award na 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Louie|first=Elaine|date=1990-04-22|title=Style Makers; Eli Noyes and Kit Laybourne, Children's Broadcasters|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/22/style/style-makers-eli-noyes-and-kit-laybourne-children-s-broadcasters.html|accessdate=2022-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

* Ihe osise Rock (1984)
* New York Beat Movie (1981)

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Yellow Chilli Restaurant</title>
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{{Infobox restaurant|name=Yellow Chilli|logo=|logo_width=|logo_alt=|image=|image_width=|image_alt=|image_caption=|pushpin_map=|map_width=|map_alt=|map_caption=|established=&lt;!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --&gt;|current-owner=Ebere Shogbola|chef=|head-chef=|food-type=[[African cuisine]] [[European cuisine|Continental cuisine]]|dress-code=|rating=|street-address=27 Oju Olobun Close, Victoria Island|city=[[Lagos]]|postcode=|country=Nigeria|seating-capacity=170|reservations=|website={{URL|http://yellowchilling.com/}}}}
Yellow Chili bụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ụlọ mmanya na-ewu ewu  dị na Victoria Island,  na obodo [[Lagos]], nke na-ahụ maka nri ọdịnala Naijiria na nkè Continental.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tatler.com/news/articles/november-2013/the-nigerians-have-arrived David Jenkins, &quot;The Nigerians have arrived... and London is paying attention&quot;, ''The Tatler'', 24 November 2014]. Accessed 28 December 2014&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2010/10/13/the-yellow-chilli-introduces-customer-loyalty-scheme/|publisher=Bella Naija|title=The Yellow Chilli Introduces Customer Loyalty Scheme|accessdate=November 13, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.travelstart.com.ng/blog/10-great-restaurants-lagos-mainland/|title=10 Great Restaurants in Lagos Mainland|work=Travel Start|accessdate=November 1, 2014|date=2014-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nape.org.ng/conference/hotel-travel/feeding-in-lagos.html|work=NAPE|title=Feeding in Lagos|accessdate=November 4, 2014|archivedate=November 4, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104235712/http://nape.org.ng/conference/hotel-travel/feeding-in-lagos.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.businesstravellerafrica.co.za/archive/2011/march-2011-2/special-reports/dining-out-in-africa|title=Dining Out in Africa|publisher=Business Traveller Africa|date=February 25, 2013|accessdate=November 7, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.wordtravels.com/Cities/Colorado/Lagos/Restaurants|work=World Travels|title=Restaurants in Lagos|accessdate=November 7, 2014|archivedate=November 7, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107051944/http://www.wordtravels.com/Cities/Colorado/Lagos/Restaurants}}&lt;/ref&gt;  O nwere ebe ọzọ dị na [[Ikeja]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.travelstart.com.ng/blog/10-great-restaurants-lagos-mainland/|title=10 Great Restaurants in Lagos Mainland|work=Travel Start|accessdate=November 1, 2014|date=2014-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkọwa na ihe ịchọ mma ==
Alaka ọ bụla na-anọdụ ala n'ala abụọ. E kewara ala ala nke alaka Victoria Island ụzọ abụọ bụ isi iri nri na-eduga n'obere ebe a na-anọdụ ala; ala elu nwere ọkwa abụọ nke oche. Ala ala nke alaka ụlọ ọrụ GRA nwere nnukwu ebe obibi nke nwere akụkụ abụọ pere mpe n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla. A na-edozi ala dị n'elu dị ka ebe ezumike na ụlọ mmanya mara mma. Enwekwara ụlọ iri nri nkeonwe n'ala ala, yana ebe obibi ubi.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.farebuzz.com/updates/lagos-home-to-many-stylish-and-trendy-restaurants-in-nigeria.aspx#.VFw5yvnF_84|title=Lagos – Home to many stylish and trendy restaurants in Nigeria|work=Fare Buzz|accessdate=November 7, 2014|archivedate=November 7, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107062452/http://www.farebuzz.com/updates/lagos-home-to-many-stylish-and-trendy-restaurants-in-nigeria.aspx#.VFw5yvnF_84}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=omL5460steUC&amp;dq=frenchies+restaurant+lagos&amp;pg=PA136|title=Lagos: Where to eat and drink|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|author=Lizzie Williams|isbn=978-184-16-239-79|pages=133–136|accessdate=November 4, 2014|year=2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nape.org.ng/conference/hotel-travel/feeding-in-lagos.html|work=NAPE|title=Feeding in Lagos|accessdate=November 4, 2014|archivedate=November 4, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104235712/http://nape.org.ng/conference/hotel-travel/feeding-in-lagos.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://theculturetrip.com/africa/nigeria/articles/lagos-10-great-restaurants-for-a-taste-of-nigerian-culture/|title=Lagos' 10 Great Restaurants for a Taste of Nigerian Culture|work=The Culture Trip|accessdate=November 1, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.hallmarknews.com/lagos-is-food-capital-of-africa-bahnam/|title=Lagos is food capital of Africa—Bahnam|date=April 8, 2014|publisher=Hallmark News|accessdate=November 7, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African City Tour: This is Lagos|url=http://issues.ayibamagazine.com/african-city-tour-this-is-lagos/|work=Ayiba|accessdate=November 7, 2014|archivedate=November 8, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108195833/http://issues.ayibamagazine.com/african-city-tour-this-is-lagos/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.timeout.com/travel/features/683/lagos|work=TimeOut|title=Lagos: Chaotic, frenzied, sometimes hazardous, but at least Lagos causes a reaction|author=Ocran|first=Nana|accessdate=1 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
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    <title>Néziha Labidi</title>
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'''Neziha Labidi''' bụ [[Tunisia|onye]] ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Tunisia. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Minista nke Ụmụ nwanyị, Ezinụlọ na Ụmụaka na kọmitii nke Praịm Minista Youssef Chahed.&lt;ref name=&quot;un_gouvernement_pour_remettre_jeune_afrique_2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=21 August 2016|title=Youssef Chahed, un gouvernement pour remettre la Tunisie sur les rails|language=fr|work=Jeune Afrique|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/350641/politique/youssef-chahed-gouvernement-remettre-tunisie-rails/|accessdate=15 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;neziha_labidi_cv&quot; /&gt;

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne na afo otu puku narị itoolu, iri asaa na itoolu .&lt;ref name=&quot;neziha_labidi_cv&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Neziha Labidi|url=https://www.idlo.int/fr/system/files/event-documents/Bio%20-%20Neziha%20Labidi.pdf|accessdate=28 February 2021|work=Minister of Woman Family and Childhood, Tunisia}}
[[Category:CS1 maint: url-status]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebenside ==
{{Reflist}}
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    <title>Ella Koblo Gulama</title>
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{{Databox}}Onye isi ala '''Ella Koblo Gulama''' OBE, GCOR (26 Jenụwarị na afọ 1921, 9 Septemba, na afọ 2006) bụ onye isi ala na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Sierra Leone. N'afọ 1957, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu na [[Sierra Leone]]. A họpụtara ya ọzọ n'afọ 1962. N'oge ọchịchị Milton Margai, Gulama ghọrọ Sierra Leone na onye isi ala Sahara Africa nke mbụ.

Gulama nọchitere anya Sierra Leone na mba ofesi na njem ya kpọgara ya n'Africa, Europe, North America na Middle East. N'afọ 1957 dị ka onye ọbịa nke Ngalaba Steeti, ọ gara mba United States ọnwa anọ n'oge ọ zutere osote onye isi ala Richard Nixon.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ===
Na 21 Jenụwarị, na afọ 1921, a mụrụ Gulama n'otu n'ime ezinụlọ ndị kachasị ike na Sierra Leone n'obodo Moyamba, Moyamba District na Southern Province nke British Sierra Leone. Nne ya bụ Lucy Gulama na nna ya bụ Paramount Chief Julius Gulama bụ ndị agbụrụ Mendes. Dị ka nna ya, Paramount Chief Momoh Gulama, Julius bụ Paramount Head of Kaiyamba Chiefdom.

Ella gụrụ akwụkwọ na Harford School for Girls na Moyamba, na Women Teacher's College, mgbe ahụ na Fourah Bay College na Freetown.

=== Alụmdi na nwunye ===
N'afọ 1944, Gulama lụrụ onye isi Paramount dị ike bụ Bai Koblo Pathbana II nke Marampa, Masimera Chiefdom, onye agbụrụ Temne. Njikọ agbụrụ ha bụ ihe atụ na-egbuke egbuke nke ịdị n'otu mba.

Site na na afọ 1944 ruo na afọ 1952 Gulama biri na Lunsar ebe ọ bụ onye isi Consort.&lt;ref name=&quot;TPV&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/one-country-one-people|title=One Country, One People?|author=Vanguard|first=The Patriotic|date=2012-12-12|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|language=en|accessdate=2018-07-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di na nwunye ahụ nwere ụmụ asaa, gụnyere Frances, Francis Obai, Jubilee, Alex Soccoh, June, Julius Maada, na Jilo.&lt;ref name=&quot;GTSL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://globaltimes-sl.com/moyamba-a-shadow-of-its-former-glory/|title=Moyamba, A Shadow Of Its Former Glory. – Global Times News|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-07-14|archivedate=2018-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714192952/http://globaltimes-sl.com/moyamba-a-shadow-of-its-former-glory/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koblo na-asụ ọtụtụ asụsụ ma na-asị Bekee, Mende, Temne, na Sherbro nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;TPV&quot;/&gt;

=== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ===
Gulama nwere ọrụ pụrụ iche na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma bụrụ onye ndu nwanyị ọsụ ụzọ. A na-akọwa ndụ ya site n'ozi. Ọ bụ onye otu Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), nke nna ya nyere aka guzobe. N'afọ 1957, Gulama malitere ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị wee bụrụ onye otu Moyamba District Council.Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara na House of Representatives nke Sierra Leone dị ka onye isi oche nke Moyamba District. N'afọ 1962, a họpụtara ya ọzọ ma Praịm Minista Milton Margai mere ya Minista. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nwere ọkwa minista na mpaghara Sahara Afrika. Site na afọ 1960 ruo na afọ 1967 Gulama bụ onye isi oche nke Federation of Women's Organisations na Sierra Leone.

N'oge ọ bụ onye isi, o mere ka okporo ámá Moyamba dị mma ma were ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu ụlọ na Britain n'ọrụ iji wụnye mmiri dị ọcha.&lt;ref name=&quot;GTSL&quot;/&gt;

Na ntuli aka nke afọ 1967, Gulama weghachiri oche ya ma na-eje ozi na ọchịchị Sir Albert Margai. Otú ọ dị, ndị mmegide All People's Congress (APC) meriri ọtụtụ ndị omeiwu. Esemokwu ike n'etiti ndị na-azọ ọkwa, Margai nke SLPP na Siaka Stevens nke APC sochiri, na-eme ka mba ahụ ghara ịdị mma ma na-akpata ngwa ngwa nke ndị agha.

Mgbe ndị otu APC nke Steven mesịrị nweta ike wee malite ijide afọ 30 ha na Sierra Leone. E boro Gulama ebubo na ya na nwanne di ya David Lansana na-arụkọ ọrụ na nnupụisi ya megide Stevens.&lt;ref name=&quot;WVM&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090122143326/http://www.worldviewmagazine.com/issues/fall1999/topstory.html Sierra Leone Powers Lost] Worldview Magazine, Fall 1999&lt;/ref&gt; E jidere ya ma debe ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Pademba Road ihe karịrị otu afọ. E mechara wepụ ya ma tọhapụ ya.Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, Stevens họpụtara di ya Paramount Chief Bai Koblo Pathbana II na kọmitii ya. Nnakwere di ya na-anọghị n'ọkwa ahụ mere ka mmekọrịta Gulama na Sir Albert Margai sikwuo ike karịa nke ọkachamara.&lt;ref name=&quot;WVM&quot; /&gt; A manyere Gulama ka ọ gaa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe Sir Albert Margai tụfuru ọchịchị.

Na mbido afọ 1970, Gulama gbanwere ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya wee bụrụ onye ndú nke APC Women's Organisation of Moyamba District. Site na afo 1985 ruo na afọ 1991 Gulama jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke National Organization for Women (Sierra Leone).N'afọ 1992, a họpụtara ya ọzọ dịka onye isi oche nke Kaiyamba Chiefdom. Gulama sooro ọtụtụ NGO rụkọọ ọrụ iji zụlite akụrụngwa na ọrụ ugbo nke Chiefdom na distrikti ya.

=== Agha Obodo Sierra Leone ===
Ndị mercenary Revolutionary United Front (RUF) bibiri Sierra Leone ma bibie Moyamba District, na-egbu ọtụtụ iri puku mmadụ ma na-ebibi ihe niile Gulama jiri ndụ ya na-ewulite. Mgbe ndị nnupụisi malitere mkpọsa igbu onye isi ọ bụla na mba ahụ. Ndị nnupụisi ji obi ọjọọ gbuo Chief Bunduka nke Kailahun District na Paramount Chief Bonai Fei nke Bo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WVM&quot;/&gt; Mgbe a wakporo ndị isi Gulama ma ndị nnupụisi gbara ụlọ ya ọkụ ma gbaa ya ọkụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;WVM&quot; /&gt; A manyere Gulama ịgbaga n'isi obodo Freetown.

Ọ laghachiri Moyamba wee malite iwughachi Chiefdom ya na Moyamba District mana ahụike Gulama malitere ịda ya. Ka o sina dị, o nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-ejere mba ya ozi na Sierra Leone Export Development and Investment Corporation (SLEDIC) (1994X1996) dị ka otu n'ime ndị nduzi nke The Sierra Leone Commercial Bank Limited.

== Ịkwado ụmụ nwanyị ==
Otu n'ime ihe na-atọ Gulama ụtọ bụ ịkwalite agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ agbọghọ na imeziwanye ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị na Sierra Leone. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na alma mater ya, Harford School for Girls dị ka onye otu Board of Governors. Gulama bụkwa onye otu gọọmentị ndị Sierra Leone Scholarship Advisory Board na Bursary Committee nke Fourah Bay College.

== Chọọchị United Methodist ==
Gulama bụ Onye Kraịst ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na United Methodist Church. Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke Nzukọ nke ụka na Finance na Administration site na afọ  1985 ruo na afọ 1991.

== Onyinye na nsọpụrụ ==
Ọ bụ onye natara ọtụtụ onyinye gụnyere MBE na afọ 1959, OBE na afo 1965 site n'aka Eze Nwanyị Elizabeth maka &quot;ọrụ ọha na eze dị ka Minista na-enweghị Portfolio&quot;, na Grand Commander of the Order of the Rokel site n'afọ Onye isi ala Ahmed Tejan Kabbah.

== Ọnwụ ==
Gulama nwụrụ na 10 Septemba, na afọ 2006. N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2006, ọtụtụ puku ndị na-eru uju gbakọtara iji gaa ememe ncheta ya na Trinity United Methodist Church na Moyamba. N'ozi ahụ, Onye isi ala Ahmed Tejan Kabbah kọwara ya dị ka &quot;nwanyi nke ihe&quot;, onye gbakwụnyere:&lt;blockquote&gt; Madam Ella Koblo-Gulama ebiwo ndụ kwesịrị nṅomi, dị ka nne, nwunye na nwanyị ọchịchị nke ike ya mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a na-akwanyere ùgwù.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]]: 1965 Birthday Honours - Onye isi nke Order of the British Empire.
* [[Sierra Leone]]: Grand Commander of the [[Usoro nke Rokel|Order of the Rokel]].

== Ebenside ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/womeninpower/Africa.htm Ndị Nwanyị Na-edu N'Africa]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723015939/http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/article_20053691.shtml Kabbah na-asọpụrụ P.C. Madam Ella Koblo Gulama]
[[Òtù:Ọmụmụ afọ 1921]]
[[Òtù:Ọnwụ afọ 2006]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Ịkwado</title>
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CLIVAR (mgbanwe ihu igwe na amụma) bụ akụkụ nke World Climate Research Programme. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịkọwa ma ghọta mgbanwe ihu igwe na amụma na ógè ógè ógè ruo otu narị afọ, ịchọpụta usoro anụ ahụ na-ahụ màkà mgbanwe ihu igwe ma mepụta ihe ngosi na ikike ịkọ ọdịnihu màkà ihe ngosi ihu igwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;about&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.clivar.org/about/about-clivar|title=About CLIVAR|publisher=CLIVAR|accessdate=July 3, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara Dr Antonietta Capotondi dị ka ónyé isi óche PICES WG-49 na-anọchite anya CLIVAR n'afọ 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.clivar.org/news/dr-antonietta-capotondi-was-elected-pices-wg-49-co-chair-representing-clivar|title=Dr Antonietta Capotondi was elected as PICES WG-49 co-chair representing CLIVAR|publisher=CLIVAR|accessdate=January 15, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ihe na-esonụ bụ usoro iheomume nkè CLIVAR na ihe ndị bu ya ụzọ:&lt;ref name=&quot;about&quot;/&gt;

* 1985: World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) bịdoro TOGA (Tropical-Ocean Global Atmosphere) (1985-1995), iji mụọ mgbanwe mgbanwe kwà afọ nke usoro ikuku oké osimiri na-akpali na okpomọkụ.
* 1990: WCRP malitere akụkụ mbụ nke World Ocean Circulation Experiment (afọ 1990 ruo afọ 1997)
* 1991: Kọmitii Sayensị Jikọrọ Aka (JSC) kpọrọ otu ndị ọkachamara ka ha gbakọta ma tụlee ntụziaka ndị nwéré ike ime n'ọdịnihu màkà nyocha ihu igwe, na-ewu na ntọala nke TOGA na WOCE.
* 1992: E bipụtara mkparịta ụka nke Kọmitii Sayensị Jikọrọ Aka n'afọ 1992 na broshuọ akpọrọ [[[[[[&lt;nowiki&gt;[[A]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;]]: A study of Climate Variability and Predictability]]]]
* 1993: WCRP JSC kpebiri ime CLIVAR dị ka ọrụ dị mkpa.
* 1995: A malitere CLIVAR n'ụzọ iwu, na mmalite dị ka ọrụ afọ iri na ise. Mmalite ahụ dakọtara na njedebe nke TOGA.
* 1997: E bipụtara atụmatụ mmejuputa CLIVAR mbụ.

== Òtù na òtù ọrụ ==
CLIVAR nwèrè ọtụtụ akụkụ na ìgwè na-arụ ọrụ dabere na ọmụmụ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na amụma nkè ihe dị íchè íchè nke usoro ihu igwe ụwa.

=== Òtù zuru ụwa ọnụ ===
CLIVAR nwèrè akụkụ atọ zuru ụwa ọnụ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.clivar.org/panels-and-working-groups/global|title=Global|publisher=CLIVAR|accessdate=July 3, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Global Synthesis and Observation Panel (GSOP)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.clivar.org/organization/gsop|title=Global Synthesis and Observation Panel|accessdate=July 3, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ndị ọkachamara na Nchọpụta na Nkọwa Mgbanwe Ihu igwe (ETCCDI)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.clivar.org/organization/etccdi|title=CCl/CLIVAR/JCOMM Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices|publisher=CLIVAR|accessdate=July 3, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Òtù Ọrụ na Ocean Model Development (WGOMD)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.clivar.org/organization/wgomd|title=CLIVAR Working Group on Ocean Model Development (WGOMD)|publisher=CLIVAR|accessdate=July 3, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ngalaba mpaghara ===
Ngalaba mpaghara na-elekwasị anya n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke usoro ihu igwe. Ebe ọ bụ na mpaghara dị íchè iche nke oké osimiri dị íchè íchè, ma nye ọrụ dị mkpa nke oké osimiri na ịchịkwa ihu igwe n'etiti afọ, afọ iri, na narị afọ nke CLIVAR tụlere, nkewa n'ime akụkụ dị íchè íchè dabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na mpaghara nke usoro oké osimiri. N'ụzọ doro ányá, ihe ndị a bụ ndepụta nke mpaghara mpaghara:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.clivar.org/panels-and-working-groups/regional|title=Regional|publisher=CLIVAR|accessdate=July 3, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Asian-Australian Monsoon Panel (AAMP)
* Atlantic Implementation Panel (AIP)
* CLIVAR/GEWEX Africa Climate Panel (ACP)
* CLIVAR/CliC/SCAR Southern Ocean Panel (SOP)
* CLIVAR/IOC-GOOS Indian Ocean Panel (IOP)
* Pacific Panel (PP)
* Mgbanwe nke American Monsoon Systems (VAMOS)

=== Ihe omume mba ===
E nwèrè mmemme CLIVAR mba anọ, nke na-agba ọsọ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ma na-enye aka na mmemme CLIVars mba ụwa:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.clivar.org/organization/national-programmes|title=National Programmes|publisher=CLIVAR|accessdate=July 3, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* US CLIVAR: Nke a na-enye aka kpọmkwem na U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) site na ịhazi na ịkwalite nyocha n'ime US iji melite akwụkwọ, nghọta, imepụta na amụma nke ọdịiche dị na ihu igwe ụwa na mpaghara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.usclivar.org/|title=US CLIVAR|accessdate=July 3, 2014|publisher=US CLIVAR|archivedate=August 11, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811062203/http://www.usclivar.org/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akwado ya site na mmemme na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị United States ise: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Science Foundation (NSF), United States Department of Energy (DOE), na Office of Naval Research (ONR).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.usclivar.org/about-us-clivar|title=About US CLIVAR|accessdate=July 3, 2014|archivedate=July 14, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714183358/http://www.usclivar.org/about-us-clivar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* CLIVAR-[[Spain]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.clivar.es/|title=CLIVAR-España|accessdate=July 3, 2014|archivedate=July 14, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714201505/http://www.clivar.es/}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Spain
* Canadian CLIVAR Research Network
* UK CLIVAR

== Hụkwa ==

* VAMOS Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Studies

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
Official website</text>
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    <title>2010 idei mmiri West Africa</title>
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      <text bytes="18182" sha1="6onmjitmkr9d9ghnylyevwbvqs8cvj1" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Vicenza flooding Nov.1, 2010.jpg|thumb|2010 idei mmiri West Africa]]
'''Idei mmiri nke Naijiria''' nke afọ 2010 bụ idei mmiri gafee [[Niger]] nké méré ka ihe karịrị mmadụ 111,000 ghara inwe ébé obibi. Niger enweela oke ụkọ nri na-esote oke ọkọchị na mpaghara Sahel. Ka ọ na-erule ụbọchị iri abụo na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2010, ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ isií  ruo asatọ anwụọla. A chụpụrụ [[Oshimiri Orimiri|osimiri]] Niger ruo n'ókè kachasị elu n'ime afọ irí asatọ.&lt;ref&gt;[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/08/2010824133834821879.html Thousands left homeless in Niger] [[Al Jazeera]], 24 August 2010&lt;/ref&gt; Idei mmiri ahụ mechara gbasaa n'akụkụ [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Osimiri]] Niger gaa [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Togo]] na [[Benin]] n'ime ọnwa ole na ole sochirinụ. Oké ifufe ndị ọzọ dakwara na [[Central African Republic|CAR]], [[Morocco]] na ugwu [[Algeria]].

== June 1 - 2 ==
E gosipụtara n'ubochi abụọ n'ọnwa Juun na ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ irí abụọ na anọ nwụrụ na Ghana na ngwụsị izu gara-aga dị ka Maazị Kofi Portuphy, ónyé nhazi nke National Disaster Management Organisation si kwuo. Mpaghara atọ, gụnyere isi obodo Accra jupụtara na nnukwu mmiri na Sunday gara-aga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/cgi-app/reports?LANG=en&amp;MENU=207&amp;FILE=u1&amp;DAY=20100621|title=Specific weather topics Weatheronline|first=|author=weatheronline.co.uk|date=|work=WeatherOnline.co.uk|accessdate=5 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== July 11 ==
N'ubochi irí na otu n'ọnwa Julaị, CHF 134,948 (USD 124,353 ma ọ bụ EUR 101,870) ahọpụtara site na Federal's Disaster Relief Emergency Fund iji kwado Ghana's Red Cross Society n'inye enyemaka isi iji nyéré ihe dị ka mmadụ 5,000 áká.&lt;ref name=&quot;ifrc.org&quot;&gt;[http://www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/10/MDRGH002do.pdf MDRGH002do.pdf]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[The International Federation's Disaster Relief Emergency Fund|International Federation's Disaster Relief Emergency Fund]] (DREF) bụ nkè International Federation mepụtara n'afọ 1985 iji hụ na nkwado ego dị ozugbo màkà enyemaka ọdachi Red Cross na Red Crescent.&lt;ref name=&quot;ifrc.org&quot;/&gt;

== Ọgọstụ 910 ==
N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, gọọmentị [[Ghana]] nyèrè ịdọ aka ná ntị màkà idei mmiri màkà mpaghara atọ dị N'ébé ugwu n'ihi ịrị elu mmiri na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri abụọ na idei mmiri dakwasịrị [[Burkina Faso]]. Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi nke [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN]] bụ Irin kwùrù na mmadụ iri anọ nwụrụ na idei mmiri na Ghana n'ogè ọnwa Juun na Julaị ébé mmadụ iri na anọ nwụrụ na Burkina Faso n'ọnwa gara aga.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-10929144|work=BBC News|title=Niger River floods destroying homes and crops|date=10 August 2010|accessdate=3 December 2010 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt;
International Federation of the Red Cross kwuru na ọ na-enye áká màkà idei mmiri na mmiri ozuzo metụtara ala na [[Central African Republic]] na [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]].  CAFOD kwukwara na ọ na-eme atụmatụ iziga enyemaka na Guinea. Mmiri ozuzo mèrè ka ala daa gburu ma ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ irí na atọ (karịsịa ụmụaka ) n'isi obodo Sierra Leone, Freetown.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot; /&gt; Nnukwu mmiri ozuzo dara n'akụkụ mmiri nke Osimiri Niger gburugburu [[Burkina Faso]]&lt;ref name=&quot;familyfarming.typepad.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://familyfarming.typepad.com/leisas_farm/2010/08/niger-floods-after-the-drought.html|title=Niger: Floods after the drought - LEISA's Farm / AgriCultures Network blog|author=|date=|work=Typepad.com|accessdate=5 February 2017|archivedate=5 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205183039/http://familyfarming.typepad.com/leisas_farm/2010/08/niger-floods-after-the-drought.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; kpatara idei mmiri n'elu mmiri, n'akụkụ [[Oshimiri Orimiri|osimiri]] ruo na mpaghara Niamey's Commune anọ n'ubochi itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọst, 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;familyfarming.typepad.com&quot; /&gt;

N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2010, idei mmiri nké [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Osimiri]] Niger gburu anụmanụ 30,000, bibie ụlọ 500 na mmadụ 20,000 na-enweghị ébé obibi n'ihi nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na West na Central Africa dị ka [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN]] si kwuo.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot;/&gt;
Akụkụ ugwu nke [[Chad]] dị n'ọzara Sahara (mba nke ụnwụ nri jidere na mbido afọ a) ma dekọọ mmiri ozuzo kachasị njọ n'ime afọ irí ise na nkume akụ́ mmiri igwe dị ka àkwá mebiri ihe ọkụkụ na etiti [[Guinea]] n'ogè ọnwa Julaị, ka UN kwuru.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot; /&gt;

== Ọgọstụ 2031 ==
N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, idei mmiri kachasị njọ n'ime afọ iri asatọ dakwasịrị mpaghara Shale. [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]] (UN) dọrọ áká ná ntị na Niger, [[Chad]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] na ugwu [[Niger|Nigeria]] nọ n'ọgba aghara nri mpaghara kachasị njọ kemgbe afọ 2006. Na savannah [[Nkeji Ochíchííwu Kano|Kano]], Naịjirịa, ihe karịrị ezinụlọ 2,000 gbapụrụ n'ihi idei mmiri na mpaghara [[Ȯra Jigawa|Jigawa]] dị nso, a gbapụrụ obodo dum n'ihi nnukwu idei mmiri. Nnukwu idei mmiri na-eme gbụrụ-gbúrụ akụkụ nkè Ọdọ Mmiri Chad.&lt;ref name=&quot;npr.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129316900|title=In Grip Of Drought, Floods, Niger Faces Hunger Crisis|author=|date=|work=NPR.org|accessdate=5 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Idei mmiri dakwasịrị Niger nké méré ka ihe karịrị mmadụ 111,000 ghàrà inwe ébé obibi. Niger enweela oke ụkọ nri na-esote oke ọkọchị na mpaghara Sahel. Ka ọ na-erule ụbọchị iri abụo na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2010, ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ isií ruo asatọ anwụọla. A chụpụrụ [[Oshimiri Orimiri|osimiri]] Niger ruo n'ókè kachasị elu n'ime afọ iri itoolu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/08/2010824133834821879.html|title=Thousands left homeless in Niger|author=|date=24 August 2010|work=Aljazeera.net|accessdate=5 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Naịjirịa ahụla ka obodo niile dị N'ébé ugwu na-asa mmiri ma ndị ọrụ enyemaka emecha chọpụta na mmadụ 200,000 enweghị ébé obibi na Niger kemgbe mmiri ozuzo bidoro ịda n'etiti ọnwa Ọgọst.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benin1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20101018/wl_africa_afp/beninfloods|title=beninfloods;|publisher=news.yahoo.com|date=18 October 2010|accessdate=15 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025022824/http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20101018/wl_africa_afp/beninfloods|archivedate=25 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu [[Mauritania]], nwatakịrị ka idei mmiri nké mebiri àkwà mmiri na ọtụtụ ụlọ n'obodo ugwu nke Aioun. Nnukwu idei mmiri na-eme gbụrụ-gbúrụ akụkụ nkè ọdọ mmiri Chad.&lt;ref name=&quot;npr.org&quot;/&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, puku mmadụ iri atọ na otu gbapụrụ na idei mmiri nké ndịda Sudan. Ihe karịrị mmadụ 57,135 enweghị ebe obibi kwuru [[Olivia Lomoro]], osote odeakwụkwọ ahụike nke Sudan. Mmiri ozuzo siri ike na nke na-adịghị ngwa ngwa kụrụ n'ébé ugwu nke Bahr el-Ghazal steeti ma gbasaa n'ebe ndịda, ébé ọtụtụ obodo Aweil gbara ime obodo gbụrụ-gbúrụ n'okpuru mmiri n'ihi na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọnwa na-agbadata.&lt;ref name=&quot;terradaily.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Niger_floods_bring_disaster_on_top_of_food_crisis_999.html|title=Niger floods bring disaster on top of food crisis|author=|date=|work=TerraDaily.com|accessdate=5 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Minista ahụike nke [[South Sudan]] [[Luka Monoja]] dọrọ aka ná ntị na mmiri ozuzo, nke na-adịgide ruo Ọktoba, nwèrè ike ịmanye ndị mmadụ ka ọ na-agagharị na mpaghara ọdachi ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;terradaily.com&quot; /&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka na-arụ ọrụ iji kwado ndị idei mmiri ahụ chụpụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke Sudan zitere ihe ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka nke South Sudan na-eziga ụlọikwuu màkà ébé mgbaba mberede na akpa ọka 15,000 iji dochie nké furu efu mgbè idei mmiri rikpuru n'ugbo na ébé a na-azụ ehi.&lt;ref name=&quot;terradaily.com&quot; /&gt;
Ihe ka ukwuu n'ógbè ahụ dị larịị ma kpuchie ya n'ala na-adịghị agwakọta na nke na-eguzogide mmiri. Idei mmiri ahụ ga-emecha nye mmiri iji nye Osimiri Naịl nri ma [[Sudan]] na Southern Egypt kwadebere màkà ịrị elu dị ukwuu na omimi mmiri Naịl.&lt;ref name=&quot;terradaily.com&quot; /&gt;

== Septemba 1 - 19 ==
[[Usòrò:West_African_floods_of_2010.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Ihe oyiyi a na-egosi mba ndị idei mmiri nke West Africa nke afọ 2010 metụtara. Ihe kachasị njọ bụ acha anụnụ anụnụ.]]
N'ubochi mbụ  n'ọnwa Septemba, idei mmiri dakwasịrị Niger. Mpaghara nke [[Zarmagandaye]], Lamorde na Karadje bụ mpaghara atọ nkè isi obodo West Africa bụ Niamey nkè idei mmiri rikpuru. Ọ bụ idei mmiri kachasị njọ n'akụkụ [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Osimiri]] Niger kemgbe 1929. Otu agadi ónyé ọkụ azụ aha ya bụ [[Abdou Ganda]] kwùrù na ọ hụtụbeghị ihe dị ka ya na ndụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Niger_floods_bring_disaster_on_top_of_food_crisis_999.html|title=Niger_floods_bring_disaster_on_top_of_food_crisis_999.html|publisher=www.terradaily.com|accessdate=19 November 2010|author=Staff Writer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ubochi irí asatọ na iri itoolu n'ọnwa Na Septemba na Hadejia, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], ndị idei mmiri ahụ metụtara na-ehi ụra ébé ọ bụla ha nwèrè ike, ndị ikom na-achọ ebe kpọrọ nkụ n'okporo ụzọ ebe ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka na-anọgide na-agbakọta n'ụlọ ha ka na-eguzo ka ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ laghachiri n'obodo nta ndị idei mmiri metụtara na Northern Nigeria. Mmiri idei mmiri ahụ metụtara ihe karịrị nde mmadụ abụọ ma ihe karịrị ezinụlọ puku iri ise ka na-awagharị n'enweghị ébé obibi. Ébé obibi nke [[Kararar Rima village|obodo Kararar Rima]] mebiri na idei mmiri ahụ. E ji ụrọ rụọ ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ, n'ihi ya, ha na-agbaze n'ụzọ dị mfe na mmiri idei mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iguvcTEOiu7FW6ptKz_UKMeKNOgQ?docId=CNG.df9e6a188a034ac23300ab0760b91861.8f1 AFP: Flood victims sleep by roadsides in northern Nigeria]&lt;/ref&gt; Ka mmiri ozuzo na-ezo, njedebe nke ụnwụ nri na-echere yiri ka ọ dị nso.

== Ọktoba 6 ==
Ka ọ na-erule ụbọchị isii n'ọnwa Ọktọba, CHF 122,297 (USD 124,389 ma ọ bụ EUR 92,163) ewepụtala site na IFRC's Disaster Relief Emergency Fund na Ghana Red Cross Society màkà nkwado ozugbo màkà ihe dị ka ezinụlọ 3,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;

A kọrọ na mmiri ozuzo na Brong-Ahafo, Eastern, Western na Northern Regions nkè [[Ghana]], ọtụtụ ezinụlọ na-enweghị ébé obibi na ọdachi ahụ.  Western Region nwere ọkwa na ihe dị ka mmadụ 6,000 metụtara ma abụọ nwụrụ na mpaghara Enchi, dị ka nyocha izizi nke Red Cross si kwuo. Ébé ndị ọzọ na-emetụta nkè ukwuu bụ Chereponi, Gusheigu, West Mamprusi, East-2, Mamprusi، East Gonja, na West Gonja Districts.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;

West Gonja District hụrụ ihe karịrị ụlọ 900, ụlọ akwụkwọ iri na otu, ihe dị ka ala ugbo 832 acres na àkwà mmiri okporo ụzọ atọ mebiri emebi na ihe karịrị mmadụ narị ise gbara ọsọ ndụ. Mpaghara Northern ahụ anwụọla mmadụ iri na asatọ, mmadụ iri abụọ na ise merụrụ ahụ, ihe dị ka ụlọ 2,097 adaala ma ruo ugbu a mmadụ iri abụọ n'ime ha merụrụ ahụ. E mebiri àkwà mmiri na 8,760 acres nke ala ugbo ma chụpụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ezinụlọ 9,674. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe dị ka obodo otu narị na iri abụọ na atọ emetụtala karịsịa na West Gonja District.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;[http://www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/10/MDRGH003do.pdf MDRGH003do.pdf]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ghana]] nwèrè ógè mmiri ozuzo abụọ nke na-adị site n'ọnwa Juun ruo ọnwa Ọgọst na ndịda na ọnwa Ọgọst ruo ọnwa Septemba na ugwu, na-eduga na okpukpu abụọ nke idei mmiri kwa afọ.

A na-atụ ányà na mmiri karịrị akarị na-awụfu n'elu mgbidi ahụ na Bagre Dam jupụtara nà Burkina Faso dị nso, ga-aga n'ihu ma mee ka nnukwu idei mmiri na [[Burkina Faso]] ma kpatara idei mmiri ọzọ na [[Ghana]] n'ime izu ole nà ole sochirinụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;

Ma Ghana Red Cross Society, National Disaster Management Organization (NADMO), ndị uweojii Gahanna na ndị agha Gahanna, Gahanna Government Ministries, UNICEF, USAID, The International Organization for Migration (IOM) na FAO niile nyèrè ak ákáa na idei mmiri ahụ n'ébé ugwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;

N'etiti ụbọchị asatọ na iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktọba, 2010, e kenyere CHF 122,297 (USD 124,389 ma ọ bụ EUR 92,163) site na IFRC's Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) iji nyéré áká kwado ọrụ enyemaka nkè Ghana Red Cross Society (GRCS) màkà ezinụlọ 3,000.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/10/MDRGH00301.pdf MDRGH00301.pdf]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọktoba 9-18 ==
Ndị bi na Cotonou ga-abanye n'ụgbọ mmiri na [[Benin]] n'ụbọchị nke itoolu n'ihi nnukwu idei mmiri.  [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN]] kwùrù na mmadụ 680,000 enweghị ébé obibi ka ihe karịrị 300,000 acres nke ihe ọkụkụ mebiri na 81,000 anụ ụlọ nwụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benin 2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39967007/ns/weather|title=39967007/ns;|publisher=msnbc.msn.com|accessdate=15 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107075630/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39967007/ns/weather|archivedate=7 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Idei mmiri malitere n'etiti ọnwa Septemba mgbè nnukwu mmiri ozuzo mèrè ka Osimiri Niger dị N'ébé ugwu Benin jupụta ma mebie [[Oshimiri Orimiri|osimiri]] ya. Mmiri na-ezo gàrà n'ihu na mba ahụ, na-ahụ na nri ga-aga n'ihu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benin 2&quot; /&gt;
Nnukwu mmiri ozuzo mèrè ka ihe mgbochi mmiri mebiri emebi daa na [[Ghana]] ma chụpụ ihe karịrị mmadụ 700,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benin 2&quot; /&gt;

E mechara belata ụnwụ nri ahụ, mànà idei mmiri dakwasịrị Ghana, Niger, [[Niger|Nigeria]] na Benin n'ọnwa Ọktoba, mànà nnukwu idei mmiri dakwasịwo mba ụfọdụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benin 2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Benin 2&quot; /&gt;

Ụbọchị iri na ise nke idei mmiri na nnukwu mmiri ozuzo gbùrù mmadụ iri anọ na atọ, hapụrụ mmadụ iri itoolu na asaa na iri na ise ma bibie ụlọ iri ise na ise na Benin dị ka ụlọ ọrụ UN màkà nhazi nkè ọrụ enyemaka [[Kemoral Jadjombaye]] si kwuo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benin1&quot;/&gt;

Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent iri isii na isii nke mba ahụ na-enwe idei mmiri ụfọdụ na obodo Cotonou, isi obodo akụ na ụba, nọ n'ọgba aghara n'ubochi irí na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba. Mmiri rikpuru ngụkọta nke iri anọ na abụọ n'ime obodo iri asaá na asaá ahụ. Cotonou bụ obodo dị ala ma Osimiri Oueme na-asọba na ya ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kwà afọ. Mmadụ 800 butekwara ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgba, nke 7 n'ime ha nwụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benin1&quot;/&gt;

== Nọvemba 29:30 ==
Ka ọ na-erule ụbọchị iri abụo na itoolu n'ọnwa Nọvemba, WFP nyèrè nri màkà mmadụ 25,000 na-achọ enyemaka ngwa ngwa, nké rúrú US $ 300,000, ga-agụnye ọka, agwa, mmanụ akwụkwọ nri na nnu, ụlọ ọrụ UN kwùrù na nkwupụta nye ndị mgbasa ozi ụwa. East Gonja, Kpandai, Wa East, Wa West na Krachi East District.

Oké mmiri ozuzo ahụ dakwasịrị ọtụtụ akụkụ nke mba ahụ na-akpata nnukwu idei mmiri nké metụtara ihe karịrị mmadụ 140,000, nké ka njọ site na mmiri karịrị akarị site na mgbidi mmiri na Bagre Dam na Kompienga Dams na [[Burkina Faso]], nké méré ka mmiri jupụta na Akosombo Dam nkè Ghana.

Ụbọchị irí atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba hụrụ oké ifufe Europe gbasaa n'ébé ugwu Africa n'uhuruchi ahụ na ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ irí atọ nwụrụ na Morocco mgbè nnukwu mmiri ozuzo na idei mmiri gasịrị. Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi MAP nkè Morocco kwùrù na mmadụ iri abụọ na anọ nwụrụ mgbè osimiri na-asọ asọ na-ebugharị bọs n'obodo Bouznika dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Mmadụ anọ nwụrụ mgbè nnukwu mmiri ozuzo dakwasịrị ụlọ ha n'akụkụ etiti obodo Khenifra na Salé. Mmiri riri otu nwa agbọghọ na Tiflet mgbè àkwà mmiri dara n'ime osimiri na-eme mkpọtụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;xe.com&quot;/&gt;

Ndị na-enye ikike na Casablanca, e nyèrè ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu ka ha mechie 18 cm (7 sentimita) dara na ya n'otu abalị.&lt;ref name=&quot;xe.com&quot;/&gt;

Ónyé isi nkè ụlọ ọrụ ihu igwe nké Morocco [[Al-Maghribia|2M Al-Maghribia telivishọn]] nnukwu mmiri ozuzo ga-aga n'ihu ruo n'ubochi abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba.&lt;ref name=&quot;xe.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.xe.com/news/2010-11-30%2012:27:00.0/1555365.htm?c=1&amp;t=|title=XE Currency Blog - Market Analysis &amp; Forex News|author=|date=|work=xe.com|accessdate=5 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụgbọ elu Royal Air Maroc na-egbu ógè na ọdụ ụgbọ elu mba ahụ dị na Casablanca ka ha na-echere ndị njem na-enweghị ike iru ọdụ ụgbọ elu n'ogè idei mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;xe.com&quot;/&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ọrụ oké ifufe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke mmalite afọ 2010
* Ọrụ oké ifufe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke etiti afọ 2010
* Idei mmiri nke 2010 na Milwaukee
* Idei mmiri nke 2010 Var
* Sahara na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ
* Ụnwụ nri na Sahel na 2010
* Oké ọkọchị na Sahel
* Nọvemba 2010 Oké ifufe na Europe
* [[Idei mmiri West Africa nke afọ 2009|2009 Iju Mmiri nke West Africa]]
* Idei mmiri nke 2010 na Albania

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Onye na-ede akwụkwọ aha ya bụ Sonuga</title>
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''''''Titi'''''' &quot;Titi&quot; '''Sonuga''' (Yoruba) bụ onye Naijiria na-ede uri, injinia obodo, na onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke na-etinye oge ya n'etiti Lagos, Nigeria na Edmonton, Canada.

== Afọ ndị mbụ ==
Titilope Sonuga, onye a mụrụ na Lagos, Nigeria, kwagara Edmonton, Canada, mgbe ọ dị afọ 13.[1] Sonuga nọrọ afọ ise na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye injinia mgbe ọ na-achụso mmasị ya maka uri na ime ihe n'oge ohere ya.[2]

== Abụ uri ==
Sonuga meriri 2011 Canadian Authors Association Emerging Writer Award na 2012 Maya Angelou Poetry Contest. [1] Ọ tọrọ ntọala Rouge Poetry na Edmonton, usoro uri slam. N'ọnwa Mee 2015, ọ ghọrọ onye na-ede uri mbụ pụtara na ntuli aka onye isi ala Naijiria. O biputara mkpokọta uri n'afọ 2016. [2] Sonuga emeela na Lagos International Poetry Festival. [3] Akpọrọ ya aha onye edemede nke itoolu nke Edmonton n'afọ.[4]

== Ọrụ ndị ọzọ ==
Ewezuga uri, Sonuga etinyela aka n'ime ihe nkiri ma gosipụta Eki na usoro nke abụọ nke usoro ihe nkiri [[Ndani TV|NdaniTV]] ''[[Gidi Up]]'' na [[OC Ukeje]], [[Deyemi Okanlawon]], [[Somkele Iyamah]], na [[Ikechukwu|Ikechukwu Onunaku]]. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya Intel maka She Will Connect Program gafee Naịjirịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;LPF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://lagospoetryfestival.com/team/titi-sonuga/|title=Titi Sonuga|publisher=Lagospoetryfestival.com|accessdate=22 September 2016|archivedate=23 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923064553/http://lagospoetryfestival.com/team/titi-sonuga/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O dere egwu a ma ama &quot;Ada the Country&quot; nke emere na Agip Recital Hall nke [[Muson Centre|MUSON Center]] site na Jenụwarị 2, 2020.

N'afọ 2015, ọ kwupụtara nkwa ọlụlụ ya na onye na-ese foto bụ Seun Williams.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/weddings/wedding-bells-titilope-sonuga-is-engaged-id3928400.html|title=Titilope Sonuga is engaged!|publisher=Pulse|date=1 July 2015|accessdate=22 September 2016|archivedate=23 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923040022/http://pulse.ng/weddings/wedding-bells-titilope-sonuga-is-engaged-id3928400.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kemgbe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ nne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=TITILOPE SONUGA: EMBRACING MOTHERHOOD, ELECTRIFYING THE STAGE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/02/02/titilope-sonuga-embracing-motherhood-electrifying-the-stage/|date=2020-02-02|work=[[This Day]]|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* [[Ndepụta nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na Naijiria]]

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria narị afọ nke 21]]
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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Efemia Chela (amụrụ n'afọ 1991) bụ onye edemede Zambia-Ghanaian, onye na-enyocha akwụkwọ, na onye nchịkọta akụkọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pontas-agency.com/efemia-chela/|title=Efemia Chela|publisher=Pontas Agency|accessdate=6 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Chicken&quot;, akụkọ mbụ ya bipụtara, edepụtara maka afọ 2014 Caine Prize for African Writing.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1S7nAwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=google+books+Chicken+efemia+chela&amp;pg=PT5|title=The Caine Prize for African Writing 2014|date=14 July 2014|publisher=New Internationalist|isbn=9781780261751|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/apr/23/caine-prize-shortlist-african-writing|title=Caine Prize shortlist showcases 'golden age' for the African short story|author=Guardian staff|date=23 April 2014|work=The Guardian|accessdate=6 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://caineprize.com/blog/2017/11/20/an-unexpected-prize-by-efemia-chela|title=An Unexpected Prize – by Efemia Chela|work=Caine Prize|accessdate=6 December 2018|archivedate=7 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207045920/http://caineprize.com/blog/2017/11/20/an-unexpected-prize-by-efemia-chela}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chela nwere akụkọ mkpirikpi na uri bipụtara na New Internationalist, ''Wasafiri'', Token na Pen Passages: Africa .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newint.org/issues/2016/10/01/world-fiction-special|title=World Fiction Special|date=1 October 2016|work=New Internationalist|accessdate=6 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.wasafiri.org/product/wasafiri-issue-88/|title=Issue 88|journal=Wasafiri Magazine|date=Winter 2016|accessdate=6 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Among the Contributors&quot;, ''Wasafiri'', 31:4, 2016, 100–102, DOI: 10.1080/02690055.2016.1221124&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tokenmagazine.bigcartel.com/product/token-magazine-issue-2|title=Token Magazine Issue 2|work=Token|accessdate=6 December 2018|archivedate=7 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207045851/https://tokenmagazine.bigcartel.com/product/token-magazine-issue-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pen.org/petty-blood-sport/|title=Petty Blood Sport|author=Chela|first=Efemia|date=3 April 2015|work=Pen America|accessdate=6 December 2018|archivedate=7 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207045936/https://pen.org/petty-blood-sport/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2016, o so dezie nchịkọta Ụbọchị akụkọ dị mkpirikpi na mba Africa, Migrations .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61sEBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA33|title=Feast, Famine and Potluck: Short Story Day Africa|author=Karen|first=Jennings|date=12 June 2014|publisher=Modjaji Books|isbn=9780620588874|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__9ADwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=google+books+Chicken+efemia+chela&amp;pg=PT154|title=Water: New Short Story Fiction from Africa: An Anthology from Short Story Day Africa|author=Zadok|first=Rachel|date=21 March 2016|publisher=New Internationalist|isbn=9781780263113|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://shortstorydayafrica.org/books/|title=Books|work=Short Story Day Africa|accessdate=6 December 2018|archivedate=26 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426141215/http://shortstorydayafrica.org/books/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa Andrew W. Mellon odee na obibi na Mahadum Rhodes na afọ 2018. Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ Francophone na Contributing maka ''The Johannesburg Review of Books'' ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pontas-agency.com/efemia-chela/|title=Efemia Chela|publisher=Pontas Agency|accessdate=6 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/the-jrb-masthead/|title=The JRB Masthead|author=Malec|first=Jennifer|date=7 April 2017|work=The Johannesburg Review of Books|accessdate=6 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A mụrụ ya na [[Zambia]], Chela tolitere na England, Ghana, Botswana na obodo South Africa.  Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere BA na French, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na mmepeanya oge ochie na Mahadum Rhodes na obodo South Africa, na Institut DiaoEtudes Politiques na Aix-en-Provence, France.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://openbookfestival.co.za/authors/efemia-chela/|title=Efemia Chela|work=Open Book Festival|accessdate=6 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pen.org/petty-blood-sport/|title=Petty Blood Sport|author=Chela|first=Efemia|date=3 April 2015|work=PEN America|accessdate=6 December 2018|archivedate=7 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207045936/https://pen.org/petty-blood-sport/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ọnwa Myung-soon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>27567</id>
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      <id>672802</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-05T20:16:49Z</timestamp>
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Moon Myung-soon (Korean; Hanja:文明順; 18 Ọktoba 1962), onye eji Moon Myoung-soon were marakwa, bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Korea nke bi na Goyang City.

== Ọrụ ya ==
Ka ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Seoul Girls' Commercial, Moon rụrụ ọrụ na Kookmin Bank ruo afọ iri atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-04-09|title=4선고지 진보 거물에 두 정치 신예 맹추격|url=http://www.goyang1.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=13854|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=고양일보|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt; O bu onye isi nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ nke Federation of Korean Trade Unions, National Financial industry labour union (Korean), dị ka osote onye isi oche ya site na afọ 2008 were ruo afọ 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=금융노조·사무금융노조, 김현정 더민주 평택을 후보 ‘지지선언’|url=http://www.youthdaily.co.kr/news/article.html?no=32999|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=www.youthdaily.co.kr|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Moon nwere nzere atọ - bachelọ na nchịkwa azụmahịa site na Korea National Open University, LLM site na Mahadum Kyung Hee na masta na akụ na ụba site na Machị Sogang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-04-03|title=[대자보] ˝고양시에서 교통 교육 복지 프로젝트 완성하겠다˝|url=http://m.jabo.co.kr/37940|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=대자보|archivedate=2025-01-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120053726/http://m.jabo.co.kr/37940}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-04-03|title=민주당 비례대표 23번 문명순, &quot;저도 엄연한 제주인&quot;|url=http://www.headlinejeju.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=146760|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=헤드라인제주|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Shin|first=Mitch|date=2020-04-14|title=Korea’s election campaign proceeds despite virus|url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/04/koreas-election-campaign-proceeds-despite-virus/|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=Asia Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ntuli aka nke 2012, edobere Moon dị ka ọnụọgụ 23 nke ndepụta nnochite anya nke otu ya mana ahọpụtaghị ya. Na ntuli aka nke 2020, Moon gbara ọsọ maka ntuli aka na Goyang City[5] nke Sim Sang-jung nọchiri anya ya site na 2012. N'agbanyeghị na ha bụ olu na olu na ntuli aka echiche, Moon meriri Sim onye, ​​dị ka Moon si kwuo, nwere.  emebeghị ihe ọ bụla maka mpaghara ntuli aka mana ịbụ ọnụ na-ada ụda ma ọ gaghị akwado ime ka ọchịchị Moon Jae-in gaa nke ọma..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Herald|first=The Korea|date=2020-04-16|title=Justice Party leader narrowly retains her seat|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20200416000695|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=www.koreaherald.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-04-04|title=문명순 &quot;'말꾼' 심상정, 8년간 무얼 했는지 묻고 싶다&quot;|url=https://www.hankyung.com/politics/article/2020040342477|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=hankyung.com|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Moon na-arụbu ọrụ maka mkpọsa onye isi ala Moon Jae-in dị ka onye isi oche nke kọmitii pụrụ iche maka Economy Financial na 2012 na Nchedo Ndị Ahịa Ego na 2017. Ọ bụzi onye ndụmọdụ na ụlọ ọrụ ego gọọmentị - Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation na Korea Inclusive Finance Agency - na a.  onye otu pụrụiche nke kọmitii Presidential for Balanced National Development.  Ndị otu pati mara ya nke ọma maka ikele onye bụbu onye ndu pati Moon Jae-in na ọdụ ụgbọ elu International Incheon naanị ya mgbe o si Himalaya lọta Seoul na 2016.[.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=[4.15 핫플] 민주당 문명순 &quot;심상정 중앙에만 몰두,,,주민들 실망 커&quot;|url=https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2020/04/03/2020040302436.html|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=www.chosun.com|language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na 2019 Moon rụrụ ọrụ dị ka otu onye osote onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Atụmatụ amụma nke Democratic Party yana onye otu ndị ọrụ nkwụsi ike ego nke kọmitii COVID-19 ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=문명순 :: 네이버 인물검색|url=https://people.search.naver.com/search.naver?where=nexearch&amp;query=%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85%EC%88%9C&amp;sm=tab_etc&amp;ie=utf8&amp;key=PeopleService&amp;os=315066|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=people.search.naver.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ntuli aka ==

== Edensibia ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Elizabeth Fish</title>
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{{Infobox person|name=Elizabeth Mary Jane Fish|birth_date=22 December 1860|birth_place=[[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]].|death_date=21 March 1944|death_place=[[Paisley, Scotland]].|known_for=First elected woman president of the EIS trade union.|mother=Jane McNaughton|father=William Fish}}
{| class=&quot;infobox biography vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:125%;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;fn&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;Elizabeth Mary Jane Fish&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Born
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |22 December 1860&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;birthplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]].&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Died
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |21 March 1944&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;deathplace&quot; style=&quot;display:inline&quot;&gt;[[Paisley, Scotland]].&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Known&amp;nbsp;for
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |First elected woman president of the EIS trade union.
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Parents
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Plainlist/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* William Fish (nna)
* Jane McNaughton (nne)
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Elizabeth Mary Jane Fish''' (22 Disemba 1860 - 21 Machị 1944) bụ onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara dịka onye isi oche nke Educational Institute of Scotland, òtù ndị nkuzi kacha ochie n'ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The biographical dictionary of Scottish women from the earliest times to 2004|date=2006|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|others=Ewan, Elizabeth., Innes, Sue., Reynolds, Sian.|isbn=978-0748617135|location=Edinburgh|oclc=367680960}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Elizabeth na 83 North Woodside Road na Glasgow, Scotland, na 1860 na Jane McNaughton na William Fish, onye ozi ala ọzọ nke obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;

William bụ ụkọchukwu na Sharp's Institution na Perth ọ bụkwa ebe a ka Elizabeth gụrụ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The biographical dictionary of Scottish women from the earliest times to 2004|date=2006|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|others=Ewan, Elizabeth., Innes, Sue., Reynolds, Sian.|isbn=978-0748617135|location=Edinburgh|oclc=367680960}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Elizabeth laghachiri Glasgow ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi ụmụ akwụkwọ, malite na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze nke Henderson Street ebe ọ bịara nke mbụ na Scotland na ule Queen's Scholarship. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, ọ gara n'ihu na-agụ akwụkwọ na Glasgow Church of Scotland Training College.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The biographical dictionary of Scottish women from the earliest times to 2004|date=2006|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|others=Ewan, Elizabeth., Innes, Sue., Reynolds, Sian.|isbn=978-0748617135|location=Edinburgh|oclc=367680960}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1885, Elizabeth gụsịrị akwụkwọ na LLA (nwaanyị gụrụ akwụkwọ na nka) na Mahadum St. Andrews, na-amụ French na Italian, nke e nyere ya ihe nrite Society of Arts.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The biographical dictionary of Scottish women from the earliest times to 2004|date=2006|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|others=Ewan, Elizabeth., Innes, Sue., Reynolds, Sian.|isbn=978-0748617135|location=Edinburgh|oclc=367680960}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'etiti 1881 na 1895, ọ kụziri maka Glasgow School Board; na-akụzi na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze Runford Street na ụlọ akwụkwọ gọọmentị Shields Road.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The biographical dictionary of Scottish women from the earliest times to 2004|date=2006|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|others=Ewan, Elizabeth., Innes, Sue., Reynolds, Sian.|isbn=978-0748617135|location=Edinburgh|oclc=367680960}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Elizabeth gara n'ihu na-akụzi na Pupil-Teachers Institute, Glasgow, site na 1895 ruo 1907 tupu ọ gaa na-akwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Whitehill Higher Grade na ụlọ akwụkwọ John Street Higher Grate site na 1907 ruo 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The biographical dictionary of Scottish women from the earliest times to 2004|date=2006|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|others=Ewan, Elizabeth., Innes, Sue., Reynolds, Sian.|isbn=978-0748617135|location=Edinburgh|oclc=367680960}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Elizabeth na-eduzi klas mgbede iji nyere ndị na-asụ nsụ aka ma na-ekwu okwu gbasara ahụike na ịdị ọcha. Ọ guzogidere oku sitere n'aka ndị eugenicists ka ha webata 'ịmeziwanye agbụrụ' n'ime nkuzi ma kwenyere na 'ịdị ọcha mmekọahụ' bụ ọrụ nne na nna karịa ihe a ga-ewebata na klas.

== Afọ ndị sochirinụ ==
Elizabeth bụ onye isi oche nke Scottish Modern Languages Association (SMLA) ruo afọ abụọ wee bụrụ onye isi nkuzi nke Modern Languages na Bellahouston Academy na 1920 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1925.

Ọ bụ onye isi ọha na eze na Glasgow ma nwee ọfịs na alaka Glasgow nke Class Teachers' Association na Educational Institute of Scotland (EIS) dị ka onye nhazi nke EIS Central Ladies Committee site na 1902 gaa n'ihu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Corr|first=Helen|date=1995-10-01|title=Dominies and Domination: Schoolteachers, Masculinity and Women in 19th century Scotland|journal=History Workshop Journal|volume=40|issue=1|pages=151–164|doi=10.1093/hwj/40.1.151|issn=1363-3554}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na June 1913, a họpụtara Elizabeth dị ka nwanyị mbụ bụ onye isi oche nke EIS.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The biographical dictionary of Scottish women from the earliest times to 2004|date=2006|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|others=Ewan, Elizabeth., Innes, Sue., Reynolds, Sian.|isbn=978-0748617135|location=Edinburgh|oclc=367680960}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Corr|first=Helen|date=1995-10-01|title=Dominies and Domination: Schoolteachers, Masculinity and Women in 19th century Scotland|journal=History Workshop Journal|volume=40|issue=1|pages=151–164|doi=10.1093/hwj/40.1.151|issn=1363-3554}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nwetara vootu 4,822 ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụmụ nwoke atọ ndị ọzọ na-azọ ọkwa, ndị ngụkọta vootu ha ruru 3,068.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The biographical dictionary of Scottish women from the earliest times to 2004|date=2006|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|others=Ewan, Elizabeth., Innes, Sue., Reynolds, Sian.|isbn=978-0748617135|location=Edinburgh|oclc=367680960}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X3CaHlLHrNMC&amp;dq=%22Elizabeth+Fish%22+EIS&amp;pg=PA129|title=The Schooling of Working-Class Girls in Victorian Scotland: Gender, Education and Identity|author=McDermid|first=Jane|date=2013-01-11|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135783389|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụgwọ ọrụ hà nhata ==
Na Jenụwarị 1914, Elizabeth kwetara na ajụjụ nke ịkwụ ụgwọ nhata bụ nke esemokwu maka ndị otu Scottish na English Teachers' Associations ma kpọọ maka imeziwanye ụgwọ ọrụ ndị nkuzi n'oge okwu onye isi ala ya na nnọkọ kwa afọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AuiwCwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22Elizabeth+Fish%22&amp;pg=PA195|title=Politics Of Everyday Life: Continuity And Change In Work And The Family|author=Corr|first=Helen|date=1990-05-22|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781349207053|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mgbe ọ na-akatọ ụgwọ ọrụ dị ala nke ụmụ nwanyị nkuzi, ọ rụrụ ụka na:&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Ọ bụrụ na anyị ndị nkuzi arịọ ka e bulie ụgwọ ọrụ nke ndị nkuzi niile ugbu a ruo n'ókè nke ihe ndị nkuzi chere na ha kwesịrị ịbụ, anyị ga-ewepụ ọmịiko nke ọha na eze na-ekwenyeghị na ikpe ziri ezi nke ihe anyị chọrọ. &quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Ọnwụ na ihe nketa ==
Elizabeth Fish nwụrụ na Paisley Infirmary na 21 Machị 1944 mgbe ọ dara n'ụlọ.  Ọ dị afọ 83.

N'echi ya, akụkọ ọnwụ ya na Glasgow Herald kọwara ya dị ka 'onye mmeri nke ndị nkuzi nwanyị na Scotland'.

== Ihe odide ==
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Africa Check bụ òtù na-enweghị uru nke na-enyocha eziokwu nke e guzobere na 2012 iji kwalite izi ezi na arụmụka ọha na eze na mgbasa ozi na '''Africa'''. Ebumnuche nke nzukọ ahụ bụ ịkwalite ogo nke ozi ọha na eze nwere na kọntinent ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rick|first=Lyman|title=Nonpartisan Fact-Checking Comes to South Africa|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/24/world/africa/nonpartisan-fact-checking-comes-to-south-africa.html?_r=0|accessdate=7 December 2013|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=23 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bartlett&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rachel|first=Bartlett|title=Checking the facts: Africa Check expands to new countries|url=http://www.journalism.co.uk/news/fact-checking-site-africa-check-expands-to-three-new-countries/s2/a553804/|accessdate=7 December 2013|work=[[Journalism.co.uk]]|date=13 August 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRachel2013&quot;&gt;Rachel, Bartlett (13 August 2013). [http://www.journalism.co.uk/news/fact-checking-site-africa-check-expands-to-three-new-countries/s2/a553804/ &quot;Checking the facts: Africa Check expands to new countries&quot;]. ''[[Journalism.co.uk]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 December&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Africa Check bụ òtù nwere onwe ya nwere ọfịs na Johannesburg, Nairobi, Lagos, Dakar na [[London]], na-emepụta akụkọ na Bekee na French nyocha nke ndị mmadụ, ụlọ ọrụ na mgbasa ozi mere megide ihe akaebe kachasị mma dịnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot; /&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Africa Check bụ nke Peter Cunliffe-Jones malitere mgbe ọ meriri asọmpi akụkọ ọhụrụ nke International Press Institute nke [[Google]] kwadoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bartlett&quot;/&gt; E mere ya dịka FactCheck.org na PolitiFact.com ma bụrụ ebe nrụọrụ weebụ mbụ na South Africa iji lekwasị anya naanị na nyocha eziokwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peter|first=Cox|title=Fledgling Website Brings Fact Checking to South Africa|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/fledgling-website-brings-fact-checking-to-south-africa/1725136.html|accessdate=7 December 2013|work=[[Voice of America]]|date=7 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị isi otu Africa Check dị na Johannesburg, South Africa na Ngalaba Akụkọ nke Mahadum nke Witwatersrand, ebe ha nwere otu ndị na-enyocha eziokwu ugbu a gụnyere Onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ ha, yana ịnakọta ego, ọzụzụ na ọrụ nyocha na onye isi nkwurịta okwu dijitalụ.

N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2015, Africa Check guzobere otu nyocha eziokwu nke dị na ụlọ akwụkwọ EJICOM nke akụkọ na Dakar, [[Senegal]]. Ndị otu Dakar na-arụ ọrụ na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ asụsụ French nke Africa Check. Africa Check emeghewokwa ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara na Lagos, Nigeria (na 2016) na Nairobi, [[Kenya]] (na 2017) ma ugbu a na-ewe ihe dị ka ndị nyocha eziokwu 30.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=People: Our team|url=http://www.africacheck.org/about-us/people/|publisher=Africa Check|accessdate=2 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Machị 2019, a họpụtara Noko Makgato dị ka onye nduzi ọhụrụ nke Africa Check.&lt;ref name=&quot;check&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2019/the-founder-of-africa-check-is-now-the-international-fact-checking-networks-senior-adviser/|title=The founder of Africa Check is now the International Fact-Checking Network’s senior adviser|publisher=[[Poynter Institute]]|date=April 26, 2019|accessdate=May 4, 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2019/the-founder-of-africa-check-is-now-the-international-fact-checking-networks-senior-adviser/ &quot;The founder of Africa Check is now the International Fact-Checking Network's senior adviser&quot;]. [[Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Poynter|Poynter Institute]]. 26 April 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;4 May&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2019/africa-check-has-a-new-director-heres-his-vision-for-fact-checking-on-the-continent/|title=Africa Check has a new director. Here’s his vision for fact-checking on the continent.|publisher=[[Poynter Institute]]|date=March 15, 2019|accessdate=May 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu ọnwa ahụ, Peter Cunliffe-Jones, onye guzobere Africa Check n'afọ 2012, kwupụtara na ọ ga-agba arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa ya dị ka onye isi nchịkwa site na Mee 2019 dịka a họpụtara ya dị ka nnukwu onye ndụmọdụ nke International Fact-Checking Network.&lt;ref name=&quot;check&quot; /&gt;

Na June 2019, nzukọ nke abụọ nke Africa Fact, nke Africa Check kwadoro, nwere ihe dị ka mmadụ 30 sitere na mba asaa nke Afrịka, ndị nwere ahụmịhe kachasị mma. N'oge nzukọ nke isii nke Global Fact-Checking Summit, ha chịkọtara ozi gbasara ọnọdụ na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha eziokwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;check&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2019/heres-how-fact-checking-is-developing-across-africa/|title=Here’s how fact-checking is developing across Africa|publisher=[[Poynter Institute]]|date=June 21, 2019|accessdate=May 6, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Machị 2021, Africa Check, dị ka naanị nzukọ Afrịka, nyere ego site na Google News Initiative's (GNI) $ 3 nde GNI Vaccine Counter-Misinformation Open Fund, iji kwado ha n'ịkpọlite akụkọ ụgha nke ọgwụ mgbochi COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/africa-check-receives-funding-from-google-to-counter-covid-19-vaccine-misinformation/r10q8c7|title=Africa Check receives funding from Google to counter COVID-19 vaccine misinformation|publisher=pulse.ng|date=March 16, 2021|accessdate=May 4, 2021|archivedate=May 4, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504155740/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/africa-check-receives-funding-from-google-to-counter-covid-19-vaccine-misinformation/r10q8c7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nyocha eziokwu na mgbasa ozi ọhụrụ ==
A maara Africa Check maka ọrụ ya na nyocha eziokwu nke nkwupụta nje virus mere banyere South Africa na Facebook, dịka nkwupụta na 2013 na South Africa &quot;dị njọ ugbu a karịa afọ 19 gara aga&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;facebook&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Africa Check: The truth behind THAT viral Facebook post about SA|url=http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-11-28-africa-check-the-truth-behind-that-viral-facebook-post-about-sa/#.UqM3iaVgyT8|accessdate=7 December 2013|work=[[Daily Maverick]]|date=28 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kate|first=Wilkinson, Sintha Chiumia|title=Is Facebook post that SA is worse off now than 19 years ago true?|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-11-28-africa-check-report-is-there-any-truth-in-viral-facebook-posts-about-sa-under-the-anc|accessdate=7 December 2013|work=[[Mail &amp; Guardian]]|date=28 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; A nyochara nkwupụta iri na isii banyere South Africa gụnyere nkwupụta dịka &quot;enweghị ọrụ na South Africa ejirila ihe karịrị pasent 60 rịa elu n'ime afọ iri na itoolu gara aga&quot;, South Africa nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ndina n'ike n'ụwa, South Africa bụkwa otu n'ime mba iri kachasị elu n'ụwa maka igbu ọchụ. Banyere nkwupụta ndị a, Africa Check chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ nke South Africa amụbaala site na 20% ruo 24.7% n'ime afọ 19 gara aga, mmụba nke 23.5%, yabụ nkwupụta nke mmụba 60% bụ ụgha.&lt;ref name=&quot;facebook&quot; /&gt; Ha enweghị ike ịkwado nkwupụta ahụ na South Africa nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ndina n'ike n'ụwa, mana ha kọrọ na ọ ga-abụ eziokwu na South Africa nọ na mba iri kachasị elu maka ọnụ ọgụgụ igbu ọchụ kachasị elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;facebook&quot; /&gt;

Africa Check agbaghaala nkwupụta nke &quot;ọgwụgwọ ahịhịa&quot; maka HIV / AIDS nke gbasara n'Africa, na-ekwu na ọ nweghị ihe akaebe maka ịdị irè nke ọgwụ ọ bụla a na-ekwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peter&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Peter|first=Cunliffe-Jones|title=Africa Check: No scientific evidence to back claims of breakthrough cures for HIV/AIDS|url=http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-12-02-africa-check-no-scientific-evidence-to-back-claims-of-breakthrough-cures-for-hivaids/|accessdate=7 December 2013|work=Daily Maverick|date=2 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na South Africa, enwere arụmụka ụfọdụ banyere ma mwakpo ugbo South Africa ọ bụ mgbukpọ agbụrụ a haziri ahazi megide ndị ọrụ ugbo South African ma ọ bụ ma ọnụọgụ mwakpo na igbu ọchụ kwekọrọ na ọnụọgụ igbu ọchukwu n'ozuzu South Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mann&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Harriet|first=Mann|title=Protest against 'slaughter of whites' in South Africa heads to London|url=http://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/red-october-to-protest-against-genocide-of-white-south-africans-in-london.htm|accessdate=8 December 2013|work=The South African|date=1 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Africa Check kọrọ na ọnụọgụ igbu ọchụ nke ndị ọcha ugbu a dị ala karịa ọnụọgụ ogbugbu nke agbụrụ ndị ọzọ na South Africa nakwa na ọ dị ala karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ igbu ọchukwu maka ndị ọcha site na 1979 ruo 1991, nke bụ n'oge ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ma na-etinye ajụjụ banyere nkwupụta nke mgbukpọ agbụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mann&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Baobab Correspondent|title=Getting the facts straight|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/baobab/2013/07/news-africa|accessdate=9 December 2013|work=[[The Economist]]|date=3 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Malite na World Health Organization (WHO) na 2008, nkwupụta ahụ bụ na 80% nke ndị South Africa na-eji ndị na-agwọ ọrịa ọdịnala agbasawo site na mgbasa ozi n'ụwa niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilkinson&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kate|first=Wilkinson|title=Use of traditional healers vastly exaggerated|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-08-01-usage-of-traditional-healers-vastly-exaggerated|accessdate=8 December 2013|work=Mail &amp; Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Africa Check chọpụtara na nkwupụta a gabigara oke ókè nakwa na nkwupụta ahụ nwere ike ịchọta na nkwupụta na-enweghị ihe akaebe nke e mere na akwụkwọ WHO nke 1983.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wilkinson&quot; /&gt;

Africa Check ekwenyewo n'echiche nke na-azọrọ na ebe ụfọdụ bụ &quot;isi obodo ndina n'ike nke ụwa&quot;. Dị ka Africa Check si kwuo, ọ gaghị ekwe omume iji ya tụnyere n'ihi na mba dị iche iche nwere nkọwa iwu dị iche iche nke ndina n'ike, ụzọ isi chịkọta data nke ndina n&quot;ike, na ọkwa nke ịkọ akụkọ ndina n'obi.  Nsogbu ndị a niile na-eme ka ntụnyere ziri ezi nke ọnụọgụ ndina n'ike gafee mba ndị ọzọ ghara ikwe omume, n'ihi na data ahụ bụ ihe a na-apụghị ịdabere na ya ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Africa Check: Why it is wrong to call South Africa, or any country, the 'rape capital of the world'|url=http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2014-01-28-africa-check-why-it-is-wrong-to-call-south-africa-or-any-country-the-rape-capital-of-the-world/#.UvuqBnlYXnc|accessdate=12 February 2014|work=Daily Maverick|date=28 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nwekwara ikpo okwu raara onwe ya nye - [https://africacheck.org/infofinder/#/facts/ InfoFinder] - nke nwere isi mmalite ozi a pụrụ ịdabere na ya site na mba Afrịka dị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fighting for honesty&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Fighting for honesty|url=https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/africa-check-helping-public-stay-informed-about-facts|work=D+C|date=21 April 2018}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/africa-check-helping-public-stay-informed-about-facts &quot;Fighting for honesty&quot;]. ''D+C''. 21 April 2018.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2018, Facebook kwupụtara ebumnuche ya iso Africa Check na ndị ọzọ na-enyocha eziokwu na [[Kenya]], yana enyemaka nke ndị ọrụ, iji gosipụta akụkọ akụkọ ụgha na mgbalị imeziwanye ogo akụkọ ndị mmadụ na-ahụ na ikpo okwu ya. A ga-emecha gbasaa ya na steeti ndị ọzọ dị n'Afrịka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/africa/1411947/facebook-starts-africa-fact-checking-tool-with-afp-africa-check/|title=Facebook is launching fact-checking tools in Africa—but WhatsApp is its real problem|publisher=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=October 3, 2018|accessdate=May 11, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://techweez.com/2018/10/03/facebook-africa-check-afp-fact-check-kenya/|title=Facebook Partners With Africa Check and AFP to Fact Check News in Kenya|publisher=techweez|date=October 3, 2018|accessdate=May 14, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.co.za/facebook-fact-checking-in-south-africa-with-africa-check-2018-10|title=Facebook is launching fake news checking in South Africa – here’s how it works|publisher=[[Business Insider]]|date=October 4, 2018|accessdate=June 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu ọnwa ahụ, Facebook malitekwara inye ngwá ọrụ nyocha eziokwu iji belata akụkọ ụgha na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/290836-facebook-partners-africa-check-afp-to-fact-check-nigerian-news.html|title=Facebook partners Africa Check, AFP to fact-check Nigerian news|publisher=[[Premium Times]]|date=October 17, 2018|accessdate=June 2, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Machị 2019, Africa Check, na mmekorita ya na NPO Volume Investigations, webatara ọrụ &quot;Gịnị bụ ihe na-enweghị isi na WhatsApp?&quot; iji chọpụta akụkọ ụgha n'ụzọ dị mfe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/sci-tech/2019-03-28-whats-crap-on-whatsapp-heres-how-to-use-africa-check-to-find-out/|title=What's crap on WhatsApp? Here's how to use Africa Check to find out|publisher=[[TimesLIVE]]|date=March 28, 2019|accessdate=June 2, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, a mara ọkwa na Facebook, na mmekorita ya na Africa Check, ga-ewebata asụsụ mpaghara ọhụrụ maka ọtụtụ asụsụ Afrịka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.busiweek.com/facebook-africa-check-partner-to-expand-local-language-coverage/|title=Facebook, Africa Check partner to expand local language coverage|publisher=busiweek.com|date=August 14, 2019|accessdate=June 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu ọnwa ahụ, Africa Check, ya na ụlọ ọrụ podcast Volume, hụrụ uto dị egwu na podcast WhatsApp ya na-ekpughe ozi ụgha a na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe ma nwee ike ịgbasa ndị na-akwado ya n'oge ọrịa COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2020/africa-check-sees-huge-growth-in-subscribers-to-its-whatsapp-podcast/|title=Africa Check sees huge growth in its WhatsApp podcast debunking widely circulated misinformation|publisher=[[Poynter Institute]]|date=August 18, 2020|accessdate=June 10, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha eziokwu banyere ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị ==
N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018 Africa Check kọrọ banyere ụmụ nwanyị nọ na South Africa na-eme ngagharị iwe megide ime ihe ike na igbu ọchụ ụmụ nwanyị ka ọ pụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ igbu ọchukwu ụmụ nwanyị ji okpukpu anọ karịa na South Africa dị ka ọ dị n'ụwa ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/01/africa/south-africa-women-protest/index.html|title=Women in South Africa are marching against gender violence with #TotalShutdown protest|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=August 2, 2018|accessdate=June 14, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Na Jenụwarị 2019 Africa Check kọrọ na ndị uwe ojii South Africa edekọla ndina n'ike 40,035 n'ime ọnwa iri na abụọ ruo na Machị 31, 2018, nke mere ka Cyril Ramaphosa nke South Africa kpọọ oku maka ime ihe megide 'nsogbu ndina n'ọchịchị'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46851802|title=South Africa's Cyril Ramaphosa urges action against 'rape crisis'|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=January 12, 2019|accessdate=June 14, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha eziokwu banyere ogbugbu nke ndị ọrụ ugbo ọcha ==
N'afọ 2018, Africa Check kpọrọ mbọ enyemaka nke [[Ostraliya|Australia]] iji nyere ndị ọrụ ugbo South Africa aka site n'ịgbaso ngwa ngwa akwụkwọ ha maka visa ma kọọkwa ọzọ na ọ &quot;ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume&quot; iji gbakọọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ogbugbu ugbo na South Africa n'ụzọ ziri ezi mana ọnụ ọgụgụ ọhụrụ na nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya gosipụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke igbu ọchụ ugbo niile nwere ike ịbụ naanị 0.4 maka 100,000 mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/mar/15/south-africa-criticises-australian-plan-to-fast-track-white-farmer-visas|title=South Africa criticises Australian plan to fast-track white farmer visas|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|date=March 14, 2018|accessdate=June 17, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ụlọ, ọpụpụ na nchekwa ókèala n'Australia Peter Dutton dabere na akụkọ ụgha na ogbugbu nke ndị ọrụ ugbo South Africa na-eme kwa izu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/africa/1230050/australias-offers-south-african-white-farmers-fast-track-visas-angers-south-africa/|title=Australia’s offer to fast track visas for “persecuted” white farmers is slammed by South Africa|publisher=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=March 15, 2018|accessdate=June 22, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha eziokwu banyere mbata ==
N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2020, Africa Check kpughere akụkọ ụgha nke onye bụbu onye isi obodo Joburg bụ Herman Mashaba wepụtara, onye kwuru na tweet na e nwere nde mmadụ iri na ise &quot;ndị mba ọzọ na-enweghị akwụkwọ&quot; bi na South Africa na ndị ji obi ụtọ kọwaa ozi ziri ezi nke ndị ọzọ a ma ama bipụtara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/africa-check-debunks-mashabas-15m-undocumented-foreigners-in-sa-claim/|title=Africa Check debunks Mashaba’s ’15m undocumented foreigners in SA’ claim|publisher=thesouthafrican.com|date=November 22, 2020|accessdate=June 24, 2021|archivedate=June 24, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204549/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/africa-check-debunks-mashabas-15m-undocumented-foreigners-in-sa-claim/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2021, Africa Check kwupụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ nde iri na ise rịrị elu nke ukwuu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/411487/africa-check-debunks-notion-of-15-million-illegal-migrants-in-sa|title=Africa Check debunks notion of 15 million illegal migrants in SA|publisher=[[CapeTalk]]|date=March 17, 2021|accessdate=June 25, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite nyocha nke Afrịka ==
Africa Check anọwo na-agba ọsọ nke mbụ African Fact-checking Awards na kọntinent ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;africacheck.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africacheck.org/how-to-fact-check/the-african-fact-checking-awards/|title=African Fact-checking Awards - Honouring the best fact-checking work|publisher=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://africacheck.org/how-to-fact-check/the-african-fact-checking-awards/ &quot;African Fact-checking Awards - Honouring the best fact-checking work&quot;].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ mbụ ha, 2014, ndị nta akụkọ abụọ si [[Ghana]] meriri ihe nrite ahụ, ndị nke abụọ si Kenya na Zambia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/ghanaian-journalist-wins-first-african-fact-checking-awards-214505826.html|title=Ghanaian journalist wins first African Fact-Checking Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2015, onye mmeri si Naijiria na onye nke abụọ si South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/193083-premium-times-journalist-wins-2015-african-fact-checking-awards.html|title=PREMIUM TIMES journalist wins 2015 African Fact-Checking Awards - Premium Times Nigeria|date=13 November 2015|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2016, Africa Check mepụtara ụdị onyinye maka akụkọ e bipụtara na mgbasa ozi Francophone. N'afọ ahụ, ndị nta akụkọ si [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] na Côte d'Ivoire meriri ihe nrite ahụ, na ndị nke abụọ si Naịjirịa na Swaziland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210155428/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/5e9cb6804f43476fb26cf25d9cc72cdd/Cote-dIvoire-,-Cameroon-top-winners-at-African-Fact-Checking-Awards|archivedate=10 December 2016|title=Cote d’Ivoire , Cameroon top winners at African Fact-Checking Awards|date=9 December 2016|publisher=SABC News|accessdate=1 November 2017|url=http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/5e9cb6804f43476fb26cf25d9cc72cdd/Cote-dIvoire-,-Cameroon-top-winners-at-African-Fact-Checking-Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2017, Africa Check gbakwunyere otu ụmụ akwụkwọ, dịka nyocha eziokwu na-aga n'ihu ịghọ nkà dị mkpa.&lt;ref name=&quot;africacheck.org&quot;/&gt; Nke a hụrụ Moussa Ngom nke CESTI na Senegal ka ọ bụrụ nwa akwụkwọ akụkọ Afrịka mbụ na-asụ French iji merie akụkọ nyocha kachasị mma site n'aka onye nta akụkọ ụmụ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africacheck.org/how-to-fact-check/the-african-fact-checking-awards/our-previous-winners/|title=Our previous winners|work=Africa Check|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-12-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Banathi Mgqoboka nke Rhodes University's School of Journalism and Media Studies na South Africa ghọrọ nwa akwụkwọ akụkọ Africa mbụ na-asụ ''Bekee'' ka edepụtara maka akụkọ nyocha kachasị mma site n'aka nwa akwụkwọ akụkọ mgbe ọ na-aga Mahadum Teknụzụ nke Cape Peninsula na 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fr.africacheck.org/2017/09/28/fact-checking-awards-2017-17-articles-preselectionnes/|title=Fact-checking Awards 2017 : dix-sept articles présélectionnés|date=2017-09-28|work=Africa Check|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2019-11-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/244658-premium-times-report-on-presidencys-rice-claim-shortlisted-for-africa-fact-checking-award.html|title=UPDATED:PREMIUM TIMES report on presidency’s rice claim shortlisted for Africa fact-checking award - Premium Times Nigeria|date=2017-09-30|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-11-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Africa Check na-enyekwa ihe nrite nyocha eziokwu kwa afọ na ngalaba ndị nta akụkọ na-arụ ọrụ. N'afọ 2018, e nyere nke a onye Naijiria Chikezie Omeje, onye isi nyocha na International Centre for Investigative Reporting (ICIR).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/icirs-chikezie-omeje-wins-africa-checks-fack-check-award/|title=ICIR’s Chikezie Omeje wins Africa Check’s fact check award|publisher=International Centre for Investigative Reporting|date=October 31, 2018|accessdate=July 5, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2019, e nyere onye nta akụkọ Naijiria bụ Odinaka Anudu nke Business Day Nigeria ihe nrite a, na 2020, ọ gara onye nta akụkọ naijiria bụ Taiwo Adebulu nke akwụkwọ akụkọ TheCable.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://journalism.co.za/nigerian-and-senegalese-journalists-lauded-at-africa-check-fact-checking-awards/|title=Nigerian and Senegalese journalists lauded at Africa Check Fact-Checking Awards|publisher=journalism.co.za|date=October 29, 2019|accessdate=July 9, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/422661-nigerian-journalist-wins-africa-fact-check-award.html|title=Nigerian Journalist Wins Africa Fact-Check Award|publisher=[[Premium Times]]|date=October 23, 2020|accessdate=July 9, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụzọ e si enyocha eziokwu ==
Chọpụta kpọmkwem nkwupụta a ga-enyocha. Kpọtụrụ onye na-azọrọ na ọ ga-ajụ ha maka isi iyi ma ọ bụ ihe akaebe nke nkwupụta ha. Mgbe ahụ, ndị na-enyocha eziokwu ga-agakwuru ndị ọkachamara n'ọhịa iji gbakwunye nuance na ihe gbara ya gburugburu. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-ede akụkọ ha, na-edepụta ihe akaebe nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ ma na-egosi isi mmalite eji. A na-enyefe ihe odide ahụ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka nyocha. Naanị otu ugboro ka e kwekọrịtara na mkpebi ikpe, ka a na-ebipụta isiokwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fighting for honesty&quot;/&gt;

N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, ụlọ ọrụ atọ na-enyocha eziokwu Africa Check, Chequeado na Full Fact malitere ịchọpụta nsonaazụ nyocha dị ugbu a na &quot;nnyocha eziokwu&quot; na ebumnuche iji kwado ndị na-enyochọpụta eziokwu n'ụwa niile iji hụ otu ha ga-esi nwee ike isi gbochie ozi na-ezighi ezi kamakwa inye aka &quot;mepụta usoro ozi dị mma n'ime ogologo oge&quot; na iji mee ka ọha na eze mara nkwupụta a ga-enyocha nke ọma ma bụrụ ndị ọzọ na ihe ha gụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2020/what-africa-check-chequeado-and-full-fact-have-learned-about-tackling-bad-information/|title=What Africa Check, Chequeado and Full Fact have learned about tackling bad information|publisher=[[Poynter Institute]]|date=February 21, 2020|accessdate=July 12, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado ==
Africa Check debanyere aha dị ka ntụkwasị obi na-enweghị uru na South Africa na dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọdịmma obodo na Britain.&lt;ref name=&quot;Funding&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=How we are funded|url=https://africacheck.org/about-us/how-we-are-funded/|publisher=Africa Check|accessdate=2 October 2017}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://africacheck.org/about-us/how-we-are-funded/ &quot;How we are funded&quot;]. Africa Check&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2 October&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

E guzobere Africa Check site na onyinye mbụ £ 45,648 na 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;Funding&quot;/&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ Agence France-Presse (AFP), na Mahadum nke Witwatersrand nyere ego.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AFP Fondation's African fact-checking project a winner of African News Innovation Challenge|url=http://www.afp.com/en/agency/press-releases-newsletter/afp-fondations-african-fact-checking-project-winner-african-news-innovation-challenge|publisher=AFP Foundation|accessdate=7 December 2013|archivedate=12 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212175848/http://www.afp.com/en/agency/press-releases-newsletter/afp-fondations-african-fact-checking-project-winner-african-news-innovation-challenge}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiss&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Jessica|first=Weiss|title=Site sorts fact from fiction in South Africa|url=http://ijnet.org/stories/site-sorts-fact-fiction-south-africa|accessdate=7 December 2013|publisher=International Journalists' Network|date=20 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2016, ọ nwetara obere ihe n'okpuru £ 473,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Funding&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 2016, ndị isi na-enye onyinye nke Africa Check bụ Shuttleworth Foundation (26% nke ego ha na-enweta), Omidyar Network (23%), Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation (13%), Open Society Foundation for South Africa (OSF-SA) (12%), na Millennium Trust (9%), na Agence France-Presse (5%).&lt;ref name=&quot;Funding&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2016, Africa Check nwetara ihe dị ka 6% nke ego ọ na-enweta site na TRI Facts, ngalaba ọzụzụ azụmahịa ya, nyocha na ozi, nke na-enye ọrụ azụmahịa. Ndị ọzọ na-enweghị uru na-eme obere pasent nke ego a na-enweta, ihe dị ka 1% nke ego a ga-enweta na-esite n'aka ndị na-enye onyinye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Funding&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Elizabeth Strutt</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Elizabeth Strutt''' (1782-1867; fl. 1805-1863 [2]), nke a makwaara dị ka Elizabeth Byron, bụ onye edemede na onye njem Bekee. Ọ bụ nwunye Jacob George Strutt na nne Arthur John Strutt, na onye maara ma na-akatọ Elizabeth Barrett Browning, onye ọ kọwara dị ka onye dere &quot;abụọ n'ime sonnets kachasị nzuzu na nke kachasị njọ n'asụsụ Bekee. &quot;N'afọ 1820 na 1830 ọ gara France na Switzerland, wee soro di ya na-ebi na Lausanne, ma mesịa kwaga Rome.

== Ndụ ya ==
Ụbọchị ọmụmụ na ọnwụ Elizabeth Strutt ejighị n'aka.  O yikarịrị ka ọ bụ Elizabeth Frost e mere baptizim na Hull, ugbu a na East Riding nke Yorkshire, na 20 February 1783. Ọ bụ nwanne Charles Frost, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, nke Hull, na ada Thomas Frost.  onye ọka iwu Hull.  Enyere ya ụgwọ ezumike nka Civil List na 18 June 1863, yabụ enweghị ike ịnwụ tupu ụbọchị ahụ.  Lewis nyere 1782 maka ọmụmụ ya na 1867 maka ọnwụ ya. 

Akwụkwọ akụkọ atọ mbụ ya, Anti-Delphine (1806), Drelincourt na Rodalvi (1807) na The Borderers (1812) ka ebipụtara n'okpuru aha &quot;Oriakụ Byron&quot;.  N'oge e bipụtara Genevieve, ma ọ bụ nleta Orphan na 1818 ọ bụ &quot;Oriakụ Strutt&quot;.  Ruo 1832 ya na di ya Jacob George Strutt bi na Butterwick House na Hammersmith, ebe ọ &quot;gakwara n'ihu&quot; ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị nke Miss Attwood.

== Ọrụ ya ==
Ọrụ Elizabeth Strutt bipụtara gụnyere:

=== Dị ka Mrs. Byron ===

* Anti-Delphine; akwụkwọ akụkọ, nke dabeere na eziokwu. London: J. Mawman, 1806
* Drelincourt na Rodalvi; ma ọ bụ, Memoirs nke ezinụlọ abụọ a ma ama. London: J. Mawman, 1807.
* ''Ndị bi n'ókè. Akụkọ ịhụnanya nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke na-egosi omume nke narị afọ nke iri na anọ''. London: A.K. Newman &amp; Co., 1812

=== Dị ka Elizabeth Strutt ===

* ''Genevieve, ma ọ bụ Nleta Nwa Mgbei. Akwụkwọ akụkọ''. London, 1818
* The Hermit of Dumpton Cave; ma ọ bụ, Devotedness to God, and usefulness to man, gosipụtara na agadi nke J. C. Petit, nke Dumpton, nso Ramsgate. London: Rivingtons, 1823
* ''Amamihe bara uru; ma ọ bụ, Akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke ndụ. Ndụmọdụ nke ndị ikom a ma ama nye ụmụ ha. Ọ gụnyere nke Sir Walter Raleigh, Lord Burleigh, Sir Henry Sidney, Earl of Stratford, Francis Osborn, Sir Matthew Hale, Earl of Bedford, William Penn, na Benjamin Franklin. Na ndụ ndị dere ya''. London: Henry Colburn &amp; Co., 1824
* Mmeri nke Genius na Perspeverance; ihe atụ, wdg. London, 1827
* A Spinster's Tour na France, States of Genoa, &amp;c. n'afọ 1827. London: Longmans &amp; Co., 1828
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=gckCAAAAQAAJ ''The Young Christian's Companion; ma ọ bụ, Akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke ofufe maka ojiji nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na ndị na-eto eto... A họọrọ ya site na Liturgy nke Chọọchị England na Akwụkwọ Nsọ'']. London: J. Souter, 1830
* ''Izu Isii n'Osimiri Loire. Site n'ịbanye n'ime La Vendée''. London: Simpkin na Marshall, 1833
* ''Ohere na Mgbanwe; akụkọ ụlọ. Site n'aka onye dere &quot;Izu isii na Loire&quot;''. London: Saunders &amp; Otley, 1835 [https://books.google.com/books?id=7xQk021PDSYC Mpịakọta 1]
* Akwụkwọ nke Ndị Nna; nke nwere ndụ ndị Nna a ma ama nke Chọọchị Ndị Kraịst, na mmụọ nke ihe odide ha. London: J. W. Parker, 1837
* ''Ebe obibi n'ụlọ na Switzerland''. London: T.C. Newby, 1842 [https://archive.org/stream/domesticresiden01strugoog#page/n291/mode/2up Mpịakọta 1], [https://books.google.com/books?id=EbkBAAAAYAAJ Mpịakọ nke 2]
* A Wreath for the Altar of the New Church. (n'amaokwu) Bury St. Edmund's: nke e bipụtara na nzuzo, [1842]
* The Story Of Psyche With A Classical Enquiry Into The Meaning And Origin Of The Fable By Elizabeth Strutt With Designs In Outline By John Gibson Esq: R.A. [London: s.n., 1852] [1]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=oScCAAAAQAAJ ''Mkpụrụ obi nwanyị: ọdịdị ya na àgwà ya. Site n'echiche banyere alụmdi na nwunye, na ihe ngosi enyi na enyi banyere ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị'']. London: J.S. Hodson, 1857
* The Curate na Rector; akụkọ ụlọ. London: Routledge, Warne &amp; Routledge.

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;


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&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.test.de/CO2-Kompensation-Diese-Anbieter-tun-am-meisten-fuer-den-Klimaschutz-5282502-0/|title=CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Kompensation, diese Anbieter tun am meisten für den Klimaschutz|date=2018-02-13|work=www.test.de|publisher=Stiftung Warentest|accessdate=2019-03-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;Atmosfair bụ ụlọ ọrụ German na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nọọrọ onwe ya nke na-enye mbelata maka ikuku griin haus nke ụgbọ elu, ụgbọ mmiri na-ebufe, ndị nkuzi anya na mmemme.  Nzukọ a, nke tọrọ ntọala na 2005, na-etolite ma na-etinye ego maka obere ike ike na ọrụ ume ọhụrụ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe, nke na-eduga n'ibelata ikuku carbon.  Atmosfair enwetala otuto ugboro ugboro maka ịrụ ọrụ na oke nghọta na nkọwapụta yana iji ego eme ihe nke ọma.[1]

.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/377/dokumente/klimawirksamkeit_des_flugverkehrs.pdf|title=Klimawirksamkeit des Flugverkehrs, Aktueller wissenschaftlicher Kenntnisstand|date=2012|work=www.umweltbundesamt.de|publisher=Umweltbundesamt|accessdate=2019-03-07|archivedate=2019-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227133413/https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/377/dokumente/klimawirksamkeit_des_flugverkehrs.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;Atmosfair ewepụtala ihe mgbako ikuku na-agbakọ gas dị iche iche griin haus na-ebupụ mgbe ị na-eme njem wee sụgharịa ha ka ọ bụrụ nha carbon-dioxide kwekọrọ na mmetụta ihu igwe ha.[1]  Maka ụgbọ elu, mgbako ahụ dabere na ọdụ ụgbọ elu ọpụpụ na mbata yana klas ụgbọ elu na ụdị ụgbọ elu.  Maka njem nlegharị anya ihe na-akọwapụta bụ ụdị ụgbọ mmiri, ụdị ụlọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụbọchị ejiri n'oké osimiri.[2]  Mgbakọ gụnyekwara ihe ndị na-emetụta ihu igwe na-abụghị carbon dioxide, dị ka nitrogen oxides na sooty particles, bụ ndị na-enye aka na mmetụta griin haus, karịsịa n'ebe dị elu (dịka site na ozone buildup or condensation trails).  Dị ka otu nnyocha nke German Federal Ministry of Environment duziri si kwuo, nke a bụ ihe dị ka 3-5, nke pụtara na otu liter nke mmanụ ụgbọ elu nwere mmetụta na-ekpo ọkụ nke dị okpukpu 3-5 siri ike dị ka mmetụta nke carbon-dioxide ya.  ihe na-ekupụta naanị ya

.A na-akwadokarị nzukọ a site n'onyinye, na-akwado ya na ọmụrụ nwa ego sitere na nchekwa yana ego a na-enweta site na ire ngwanrọ mgbako carbon.  Ọrụ mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe na ịzụrụ teknụzụ na-eduga n'aha ndị ahịa bụ isi mmalite ego enwetara.

Dị ka akụkọ kwa afọ nke 2009 ruo 2017 si kwuo, ọ dịkarịa ala 90% nke onyinye Atmosfair na-etinye aka na ọrụ na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe.  Ebe ọ bụ na a na-eme atụmatụ ịrụ ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ, a na-akwụ ụgwọ dịka mkpa ọ dị.  Ọ nwere ike were ihe ruru afọ abụọ maka onyinye iji rute ọrụ a chọrọ.</text>
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    <title>Adidas Parley</title>
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'''Adidas Parley''' bụ nchịkọta uwe na akpụkpọ ụkwụ sitere na mmekorita nke ụlọ ọrụ mba Germany Adidas na Parley for the Oceans, otu nzukọ nke na-edozi egwu gburugburu ebe obibi n'ebe oké osimiri dị, site na [[mmetọ plastik]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/adidas-releases-new-parley-ocean-waste-plastic-shoes-2017-4|title=Adidas is getting serious about making sneakers from recycled plastic|work=Business Insider|accessdate=November 28, 2017}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[http://www.businessinsider.com/adidas-releases-new-parley-ocean-waste-plastic-shoes-2017-4 &quot;Adidas is getting serious about making sneakers from recycled plastic&quot;]. ''Business Insider''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Kemgbe nchịkọta mbụ e wepụtara na 2015, a na-emepụta ngwaahịa Adidas Parley na plastik a rụgharịrị arụgharị nke na-enyere aka belata ọnụ ọgụgụ plastik nke na-ejedebe na [[Ihe mkpofu mmiri|ihe mkpofu]] plastik nke oké osimiri. Adidas mepụtara mbipụta atọ nke akpụkpọ ụkwụ UltraBoost ha, na ụdị ọhụrụ nke akpụkpọ Adidas Originals ha.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==

=== Mmalite ya ===
Eric Liedtke, onye isi nke Adidas na 2015, họọrọ iji plastik a rụgharịrị arụgharị na mmepụta nke akpụkpọ ụkwụ Adidas Parley, ebe ọ chere na enwere ọtụtụ ngwa maka ojiji ya nakwa na ọ ga-abụkwa akụkụ nke ngwọta maka [[Ihe mkpofu mmiri|nsogbu plastik nke oké osimiri]]. Nke a bụ mmalite nke ọrụ ogologo oge nke Adidas iji wepụ plastik ọhụrụ site na usoro nnyefe ya na ịgbasa mmepụta plastik ya na usoro ngwaahịa egwuregwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/adidas-shoes-made-from-ocean-plastic-are-finally-h/|title=Adidas Shoes Made From Recycled Plastic Are Finally Here|work=Global Citizen|accessdate=November 28, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adidas ejirila polyester na ogho na-adịgide adịgide mee ihe na ngwaahịa egwuregwu gara aga, mana mmepụta mmepụta ndị a dị obere ma e jiri ya tụnyere atụmatụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ plastik ha na-ejikọta n'oké osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2017/04/21/adidas-new-shoes-ocean-plastic/|title=Adidas Is Turning Plastic From the Ocean Into $200 Shoes|work=Fortune|accessdate=November 28, 2017}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[http://fortune.com/2017/04/21/adidas-new-shoes-ocean-plastic/ &quot;Adidas Is Turning Plastic From the Ocean Into $200 Shoes&quot;]. ''Fortune''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2017&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imekọ ihe ọnụ ===
Parley for the Oceans (Parley) bụ onye mmekọ Adidas na Parley A.I.R Strategy, nke na-agbanwe [[Mmetọ plastik|ihe mkpofu plastik]] ka ọ bụrụ eriri a na-akpa n'ime akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-agba ọsọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/adidas-releases-new-parley-ocean-waste-plastic-shoes-2017-4|title=Adidas is getting serious about making sneakers from recycled plastic|work=Business Insider|accessdate=November 28, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; A rụgharịrị akpụkpọ ụkwụ Adidas-Parley na akwa elu na ihe ịchọ mma, ha niile sitere na plastik a rụgharịrị arụgharị, nke Parley chịkọtara. A na-eji rọba a rụgharịrị arụgharị na ala ọzọ rụọ ihe mkpuchi ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.highsnobiety.com/2017/10/16/adidas-parley-interview/|title=adidas &amp; Parley for the Oceans Explain Their Eco-Friendly Shoes|date=November 28, 2017|work=Highsnobiety|accessdate=November 28, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Tụkwasị na nke a, Adidas na Parley arụkọwo ọrụ iji mepụta ngwaahịa [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] na-arụ ọrụ n'ìgwè na mbido nke Adidas x Parley Real Madrid, FC Bayern Munich na Manchester United FC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/style/article/real-madrid-bayern-munich-kit-plastic-ocean-parley/index.html|title=Real Madrid and Bayern Munich to wear jerseys made from recycled plastic|date=November 4, 2016|publisher=CNN|accessdate=November 28, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maka oge 2015 ruo 2018, Adidas wepụtara obere uwe Parley maka klọb Major League Soccer (MLS). N'afọ 2019, Adidas sonyeere MLS ọzọ iji wepụta uwe Parley maka klọb MLS ọ bụla n'ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta.

Dị ka akụkụ nke mmekorita ha, Adidas na Parley for the Oceans mere ihe omume &quot;Run for the Oceens&quot; n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2017, na ebumnuche na nke a ga-eme ka a mara ngwaahịa ha yana nchekwa oké osimiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.si.com/tech-media/2017/06/13/adidas-ultraboost-parley-oceans-plastic|title=2018 adidas UltraBoost to be made out of recycled plastic|work=Sports Illustrated|accessdate=November 28, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nlereanya ==

=== UltraBoost Uncaged Parley ===
E rere &quot;UltraBOOST Uncaged Parley&quot; maka $ 220 kwa unit. Adidas weputara ụdị akpụkpọ ụkwụ nke afọ 1990 nke e ji eriri e ji plastik mee. Akpụkpọ ụkwụ UltraBoost jiri ihe sitere na karama plastik 11 a na-ejikọta n'oké osimiri mee ihe n'otu ụzọ n'ime eriri akpụkpọ ụkwụ, ikpere ụkwụ, na mkpuchi sọks.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2017/04/21/adidas-new-shoes-ocean-plastic/|title=Adidas Is Turning Plastic From the Ocean Into $200 Shoes|work=Fortune|accessdate=November 28, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ecocult&quot; /&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sudetic|first=Azra|url=https://ecocult.com/recycled-ocean-plastic-fashion/|title=Fashion Made From Ocean Plastic Might Not Be What You Think It Is|date=17 June 2020|work=ecocult.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911205257/https://ecocult.com/recycled-ocean-plastic-fashion/|archivedate=11 September 2021|accessdate=11 September 2021}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSudetic2020&quot;&gt;Sudetic, Azra (17 June 2020).. ''ecocult.com''. from the original on 11 September 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;11 September&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nchịkọta igwu mmiri nke Parley ===
Adidas mepụtara uwe ịsa ahụ Parley, na-eji plastik a rụgharịrị arụgharị n'ime eriri eriri eriri Econyl, eriri a na-akpọ aha nke nwere ọ dịkarịa ala 50% nke ụgbụ azụ na kapet ndị na-azụ ahịa, nke na-enye otu ihe onwunwe ahụ dị ka nylon a na-eji eme uwe ịsa mmiri. pasent 76 nke nchịkọta ahụ na-agụnyekwa polyamide a rụgharịghị arụgharị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.triplepundit.com/2014/09/econyl-nylon-recycling/|title=From Fishing Nets to Carpet, ECONYL Invests in More Nylon Recycling|date=September 12, 2014|work=Triple Pundit: People, Planet, Profit|accessdate=December 4, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ecocult&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sudetic|first=Azra|url=https://ecocult.com/recycled-ocean-plastic-fashion/|title=Fashion Made From Ocean Plastic Might Not Be What You Think It Is|date=17 June 2020|work=ecocult.com|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20210911205032/https://ecocult.com/recycled-ocean-plastic-fashion/|archivedate=11 September 2021|accessdate=11 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2017/02/02/adidas-parley-for-the-oceans-unveil-recycled-plastic-swimwear-collection/|title=Adidas and Parley for the Oceans unveil swimwear made from ocean plastic|date=February 2, 2017|work=Dezeen|accessdate=December 4, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* [https://www.parley.tv/ Nkwurịta Okwu Maka Oké Osimiri]
{{Adidas}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ụkpụrụ ndị na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka</title>
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Enwere otutu nkọwa maka okwu a na-elekọta mmadụ. N'ebe a, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya metụtara omume ịzọpụta ndụ na ibelata nhụjuanya. Ọ na-ejikọtakarị na nzaghachi mberede (nke a na-akpọkwa nzaghachi mmadụ) ma ọ bụrụ na ọdachi na-emere onwe ya ma ọ bụ ọdachi mmadụ mere dị ka agha ma ọ bụ agha ndị ọzọ. Ụkpụrụ ndị mmadụ na-achịkwa ụzọ e si eme nzaghachi mmadụ.

Ụkpụrụ mmadụ bụ usoro ụkpụrụ na-achịkwa ụzọ e si eme nzaghachi mmadụ. Ụkpụrụ bụ isi n'ịwulite na idowe ohere ịnweta ndị mmadụ metụtara na ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ mberede mgbagwoju anya. Na njikwa ọdachi, nrube isi na ụkpụrụ bụ ihe ndị dị mkpa nke nhazi mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu anabatala ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi maka ọdịmma mmadụ n'okpuru mkpebi AG 46/182. Ụkpụrụ anọ ndị a na-eduzi bụ mmadụ, ịnọpụ iche, eleghị mmadụ anya n'ihu na nnwere onwe.

== Ụkpụrụ ndị na-akọwa ==
Ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi na-akọwapụta njirimara, ọnọdụ ndị dị mkpa maka nzaghachi mmadụ. Ndị otu dị ka ndị agha na ụlọ ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ nwere ike ịnye enyemaka na obodo ndị ọdachi dakwasịrị iji chekwaa ndụ na ibelata nhụjuanya, ma ndị ọrụ enyemaka anaghị ewere ha dị ka ndị ọrụ enyemaka dịka nzaghachi ha na-adabereghị n'ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi.

== Ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi maka ọdịmma mmadụ ==

=== Ụmụ mmadụ ===
Ụkpụrụ nke mmadụ pụtara na a ga-emeso mmadụ nile n'ụzọ dị mma na nha anya n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla site n'ichekwa ndụ na ibelata nhụjuanya, na-ahụ na nkwanye ùgwù maka onye ahụ. Ọ bụ ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke nzaghachi mmadụ.

Ebumnuche nke ọrụ enyemaka mmadụ bụ ichekwa ndụ na ahụike, hụkwa na nkwanye ùgwù maka ụmụ mmadụ. Ọ na-akwalitekwa nghọta, imekọ ihe ọnụ, ọbụbụenyi na udo n'etiti mmadụ niile. Dị ka International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent movement si kwuo, ụkpụrụ nke ụmụ mmadụ gụnyere: • Ọ na-echeta mmalite nke mmegharị ahụ: ọchịchọ inye aka na-enweghị ịkpa ókè nye ndị merụrụ ahụ n'oge esemokwu. • Ọ na-echeta akụkụ abụọ nke mmegharị ahụ: nke mba na nke mba ụwa. • Iji chekwaa ndụ na ahụike • Ka ịkọwapụta ebumnuche nke mmegharị ahụ

==== Mkpa Ndị Nlekọta Mmadụ ====
Usoro Omume maka International Red Cross na Red Crescent Movement na NGO na Disaster Relief (RC / NGO Code) na-ewebata echiche nke mkpa ọrụ ebere nke na-agbasa ụkpụrụ nke mmadụ iji tinye ikike ịnata na inye enyemaka enyemaka.  Ọ na-ekwupụta ọrụ nke mba ụwa &quot;inye enyemaka enyemaka enyemaka n'ebe ọ bụla ọ dị mkpa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;For a critical view see: [[Hugo Slim]], &quot;Relief agencies and moral standing in war: principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and solidarity, Development in Practice, Volume 10, Numbers 3-4/August 1, 2000&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ịghara Iche Iche ===
Inye enyemaka enyemaka ga-abụ nke na-adịghị ele mmadụ anya n'ihu na enweghị ịkpa ókè dabere na mba, agbụrụ, okike, okpukpe, echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma ọ bụ ọkwa.  Ọ ga-adabere na mkpa naanị. A ghaghị ibute ụzọ n'ọnọdụ nsogbu kachasị ngwa ngwa.

Imeso onye ọ bụla n'otu ụzọ ahụ n'echebaraghị ọkwa nke nhụjuanya ma ọ bụ ngwa ngwa agaghị abụ nke ziri ezi. Eleghị mmadụ anya n'ihu pụtara na naanị ihe kacha mkpa enwere ike ịme na ndị chọrọ enyemaka ga-adabere na mkpa na usoro enyemaka ga-adaba na ngwa ngwa.

Maka ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị (NGHA), ụkpụrụ nke eleghị mmadụ anya n'ihu abụghị ihe mgbagwoju anya ọbụlagodi na ọ na-esiri ike mgbe ụfọdụ itinye n'ọrụ, karịsịa na ọnọdụ na-agbanwe ngwa ngwa. Agbanyeghị, amabeghịkwa ndị otu nwere ike ịzọrọ na ha bụ ndị mmadụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-ahụ ụlọ ọrụ dị ka PADCO, onye na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru USAID, mgbe ụfọdụ ka ndị NGO na-elekọta mmadụ. Otú ọ dị, maka ụlọ ọrụ UN, karịsịa ebe UN na-etinye aka na ọrụ nchekwa udo n'ihi mkpebi nke Security Council, ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma ọ bụrụ na UN nwere ike ime ihe n'eleghị mmadụ anya n'ihu ma ọ bụrụ na otu n'ime akụkụ ahụ mebiri emebi. usoro nke UN Charter.

=== Nnọpụiche ===
Maka International Red Cross na Red Crescent Movement, nnọpụiche pụtara ịghara itinye aka na esemokwu ma ọ bụ tinye aka n'oge ọ bụla na esemokwu nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, agbụrụ, okpukpe ma ọ bụ echiche.

A na-agwa ndị Red Cross ụkpụrụ nke nnọpụiche kpọmkwem iji gbochie ya ọ bụghị nanị na-etinye aka na esemokwu, ma ọ bụghị &quot;itinye aka n'oge ọ bụla na esemokwu nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, agbụrụ, okpukpe ma ọ bụ echiche.&quot; Nnọpụiche nwekwara ike metụta ọrụ enyemaka mmadụ nke steeti. &quot;Nnọpụiche na-anọgide na-ejikọta chiri anya na nkọwa nke webatara echiche ahụ n'ime iwu mba ụwa iji kọwaa ọnọdụ nke State nke kpebiri iguzo iche na agha agha. N'ihi ya, ngwa ya n'okpuru iwu dị mma ka na-adabere na njirisi nke absion na adịghị ele mmadụ anya n'ihu nke nwere. mara nnọpụiche site na mmalite.&quot;

Ntinye okwu ahụ bụ nnọpụiche na enyemaka enyemaka mmadụ nke ụlọ ọrụ UN ma ọ bụ ọbụna gọọmentị na-enye nwere ike ịgbagwoju anya. Mkpebi GA 46/182 na-akpọsa ụkpụrụ nke nnọpụiche, ma dịka otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'etiti gọọmentị, UN na-etinyekarị aka na esemokwu nke ọdịdị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Dịka nkọwa a siri dị, ụlọ ọrụ UN ma ọ bụ gọọmentị nwere ike ịnye enyemaka mmadụ na-anọpụ iche ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ na-eme ya n'eleghị mmadụ anya n'ihu, dabere na mkpa naanị.

Taa, a na-eji okwu ahụ bụ nnọpụiche n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ime obodo ndị na-elekọta mmadụ, na-apụtakarị inye enyemaka mmadụ n'eleghị mmadụ anya n'ihu na nnwere onwe, dabere na mkpa naanị. NGO ole na ole nke mba ụwa akwụsịla ọrụ na ikpe ziri ezi ma ọ bụ ihe gbasara ikike mmadụ n'ihi ntinye aka ha na nnọpụiche.

==== Arụmụka banyere Nnọpụiche ====
Ọ bụ ezie na nnọpụiche bụ ụkpụrụ dị mkpa n'ọrụ Humanitarian Aid, enwere esemokwu ogologo oge n'ọhịa banyere otu esi etinye ya n'ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Slim|first=H.|date=August 27, 2020|title=You don't have to be neutral to be a good humanitarian.|work=The New Humanitarian|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/opinion/2020/08/27/humanitarian-principles-neutrality|accessdate=November 20, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E hiwere ụkpụrụ enyemaka mmadụ nke nnọpụiche na 1991 site na mkpebi UN General Assembly 46/182. Emepụtara ụkpụrụ ndị a site na isi ụkpụrụ nke Kọmitii International nke Red Cross na National Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies ji mee ihe. OCHA, United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, na-akọwa nnọpụiche dị ka, &quot;Ndị na-eme ihe gbasara ọdịmma mmadụ agaghị etinye aka na ọgụ ma ọ bụ tinye aka na esemokwu nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, agbụrụ, okpukperechi ma ọ bụ echiche echiche&quot;. Nke a pụtara na ndị na-ahụ maka enyemaka agaghị esonye n'ọgba aghara. Na nkọwa mgbanwe, ọ pụtakwara na ndị ọrụ enyemaka anaghị ekwu maka ihe ha na-ahụ, ọbụlagodi n'ihe gbasara mmebi oke ikike mmadụ, gụnyere mgbukpọ. Enwere ihe kpatara ụfọdụ ji ahọrọ ma na-eji, nkọwa nke nnọpụiche karịa. Nke mbụ, ụfọdụ na-eche na ịgbachitere ịgbachi nkịtị banyere ihe ha na-agba na-eme ka ha nweta ndị enyemaka kacha mkpa. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ndị isi na mpaghara esemokwu nwere ike ghara ikwe ka ndị ọrụ enyemaka nweta enyemaka. Ịgbachi nkịtị nwekwara ike rụọ ọrụ dị ka ihe nchebe maka ndị ọrụ enyemaka, na-ahụ n'ihu na enyere ndị nwere mkpa aka. N'ikpeazụ, ụfọdụ na-arụ ụka na ịgbachi nkịtị bụ ụzọ isi hụ na enweghị ịkpa ókè na enyemaka enyemaka mmadụ. Maka arụmụka a, ịhọrọ akụkụ n'oge esemokwu bụ ịkpa ókè, ma na-arụ ọrụ megidere ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke enyemaka mmadụ.

Akụkụ nke ọzọ nke arụmụka ahụ na-eme ka omume ọma dị mkpa ikwu okwu megide mmebi iwu nke ikike mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Devine|first=Carol|date=2018-03-11|title=Neutrality vs. impartiality: What's the difference?|url=https://www.doctorswithoutborders.ca/article/neutrality-vs-impartiality-what%E2%80%99s-difference|accessdate=2020-12-13|work=www.doctorswithoutborders.ca|language=en|archivedate=2021-08-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824211326/https://www.doctorswithoutborders.ca/article/neutrality-vs-impartiality-what%E2%80%99s-difference}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òtù ndị dị n'akụkụ a na-akwalite nghọta banyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti nnọpụiche na eleghị anya n'ihu, ụkpụrụ ọzọ nke ọrụ ebere. MSF, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-akọwa na eleghị anya n'ihu na-eme ka ndị ọrụ enyemaka na-atụle mkpa mmadụ dị inye enyemaka, ma ghara ịkpa ókè megide onye ọ bụla n'ihi &quot;mba, agbụrụ, okike, njirimara, nkwenkwe okpukpe, ọkwa ma ọ bụ echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Doctors Without Borders (MSF)|date=2016-09-22|title=Our charter|url=https://www.doctorswithoutborders.ca/our-charter|accessdate=2020-12-13|work=www.doctorswithoutborders.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'aka nke ọzọ, nnọpụiche &quot; pụtara ịghara ịzọ akụkụ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Otú ọ dị, MSF na-ekwu n'ụzọ doro anya na ha ga-ekwu maka nnukwu mmebi ikike mmadụ, gụnyere mgbukpọ agbụrụ. Ha na-ekwu na mkpa nke ndị na-enwe nnukwu ime ihe ike karịrị ụkpụrụ nke nnọpụiche.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;  N'ime nke a, ha anaghị emebi eleghị anya n'ihu ma na-aga n'ihu na-enye ndị enyemaka maka ndị chọrọ ya karịa, n'agbanyeghị akụkụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Abụọ n'ime ndị isi na arụmụka a bụ Kọmitii Mba Nile nke Red Cross (ICRC), na Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) (nke a makwaara dị ka Doctors Without Borders). N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ICRC kọwara &quot;anọpụ iche&quot; ka ọ ghara ịpụta nkatọ ọha na eze, na-achọghị ikwu okwu banyere ihe ha na-ahụ, na-enwe olileanya ịnọgide na-enwe ike inye enyemaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Doctors Without Borders (MSF)|title=The Practical Guide to Humanitarian Law|url=https://guide-humanitarian-law.org/content/article/3/humanitarian-principles/|accessdate=November 23, 2020|archivedate=October 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213750/https://guide-humanitarian-law.org/content/article/3/humanitarian-principles/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezigbo ihe atụ nke a bụ WWII, ebe ICRC emeghị ka mgbasa ozi ma ọ bụ katọọ mgbukpọ agbụrụ ndị Nazi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=ICRC|date=2018-11-26|title=The ICRC during World War II|url=https://blogs.icrc.org/cross-files/the-icrc-during-world-war-ii/|accessdate=2020-12-13|work=Cross-Files {{!}} ICRC Archives, audiovisual and library|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a bụ akụkụ nke ihe kpaliri arụmụka na-aga n'ihu. Otú ọ dị, kemgbe afọ 1990, ICRC agbanweela nkọwa ya banyere nnọpụiche ma kwalite mkpesa ọha na eze banyere mmebi iwu nke ndị mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; MSF, n'aka nke ọzọ, anabataghị iwu nke nzuzo zuru oke, ma na-ewere &quot;'ịgba akaebe maka nsogbu nke ndị merụrụ ahụ dị ka ihe nchebe ọzọ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ha na-akwado ụkpụrụ nke nnọpụiche, ha na-ekwu na, &quot;enweghị ele mmadụ anya n'ihu na nnọpụiche abụghị otu ihe na ịgbachi nkịtị&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Doctors Without Borders (MSF)|title=Bearing witness|url=https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/who-we-are/principles/bearing-witness|accessdate=2020-12-13|work=Doctors Without Borders - USA|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwu a ka na-esekarị okwu n'ihe gbasara ọdịmma mmadụ. N'ime mpempe echiche 2020, Hugo Slim na-arụ ụka na n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro, na-arụ ọrụ, na n'omume, ọ bụ ihe a na-anabata maka ndị na-elekọta mmadụ ka ha sonye n'akụkụ. Ọ na-ekwu, sị, &quot;Ịhụnanya na-anọpụ iche abụghị ihe a na-achọsi ike n'ụzọ ziri ezi mgbe anyị na-ahụ ndị mmadụ dị ka ndị iro maka ezi ihe kpatara ya. Ọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya ịtụ anya ka onye ọrụ enyemaka Siria na-anọpụ iche mgbe a na-atụ bọmbụ obodo ya? Ọ bụ omume ọma ka ndị ọrụ ebere na-anọpụ iche na ihu ikpe na-ezighị ezi ma ọ bụ mgbukpọ?&quot; 

Ndị ọzọ na-ekwu, &quot;anọpụ iche dị ezigbo mkpa n'inye enyemaka enyemaka enyemaka dịka ọ na-enye ndị ọrụ ebere, dị ka ICRC, ohere enyemaka dị mkpa iji nye enyemaka nye ọtụtụ ndị nwere nsogbu dịka o kwere mee n'enweghị ịkpa ókè, ebe ọ na-enyekwa ndị ọrụ enyemaka ohere ịrụ ọrụ ha n'enweghị nsogbu na ikike ha niile&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bordoloi|first=A|date=2020-08-18|title=How Important is Neutrality in Providing Humanitarian Assistance?|url=https://www.e-ir.info/2020/08/18/how-important-is-neutrality-in-providing-humanitarian-assistance/|accessdate=2020-12-13|work=E-International Relations|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ngalaba enyemaka enyemaka na-aga n'ihu na-aghọ ọkachamara, otú ahụ ka nkọwa na mmejuputa ụkpụrụ ya.

=== Nnwere Onwe ===
Ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka ga-edepụta ma tinye iwu nke ha n'ọrụ n'enweghị iwu ma ọ bụ omume gọọmentị. Ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ndị enyemaka na ọrụ enyemaka ma na-agbaso iwu nke mba ha, ga-anọgide na-achị onwe ha site na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, agha ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ ọ bụla ma nwee ike mgbe niile ime ihe dịka ụkpụrụ ọrụ ebere si dị.&lt;ref name=&quot;The seven Fundamental Principles&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)|title=The seven Fundamental Principles|url=http://www.ifrc.org/en/who-we-are/vision-and-mission/the-seven-fundamental-principles/|work=International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|accessdate=9 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nsogbu nwere ike ibilite n'ihi na ọtụtụ NGHAs na-adabere na ogo dịgasị iche iche na ndị na-enye onyinye gọọmentị.  Ya mere, maka òtù ụfọdụ, ọ na-esiri ike ịnọgide na-enwe nnwere onwe site na ndị na-enye ha onyinye ma ghara inwe mgbagwoju anya n'ọhịa na gọọmentị ndị nwere ike itinye aka na esemokwu ahụ.  ICRC, setịpụrụ ihe nlereanya maka ịnọgide na-enwe nnwere onwe ya (na nnọpụiche) site n'inweta ego ya site na gọọmentị site na iji arịrịọ dị iche iche kwa afọ maka ụgwọ isi ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ ubi.&lt;ref&gt;(see: [http://www.redcross.int/EN/mag/magazine1996_3/18-19.html Joanna Macrae: NGOs: Has the 'N' gone missing?] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930224830/http://www.redcross.int/EN/mag/magazine1998_2/2-7.html Randolph Kent: Footing the aid bill])&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ ==
Na mgbakwunye na ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, e nwere ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ na-achịkwa mmeghachi omume enyemaka maka ụdị ọrụ enyemaka dịka ụlọ ọrụ UN, Red Cross na Red Crescent Movement, na NGO.

=== Ịgba Ọsọpụrụ Ndị Mmadụ ===
Inye enyemaka ekwesịghị iji ohere nke ndị merụrụ ahụ mee ihe ma jiri ya mee ihe iji gbakwunye nkwenkwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma ọ bụ okpukpe.  Ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ na-abụghị gọọmentị (NGHAs) site na ịdebanye aha na RC / NGO Code of Conduct ekwenyewo na ha agaghị eji nzaghachi enyemaka mee ihe na nkwenkwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma ọ bụ okpukpe.

=== Ịdị n'ụwa niile ===
Ọnọdụ nhata na òkè nke ibu ọrụ na ọrụ n'inyere ibe ha aka.  Ịdị n'otu n'ihe gbasara ime mkpebi n'agbanyeghị oke ma ọ bụ akụ na ụba ha.

== Mmalite nke ụkpụrụ Humanitarian ==
Ụkpụrụ ọrụ ebere sitere na ọrụ nke Kọmitii Mba Nile nke Red Cross na National Red Cross / Red Crescent Societies.  Ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi duziri ọrụ nke òtù ndị a tupu United Nations anabata ya.  N'afọ 1991, a nabatara ụkpụrụ atọ mbụ (mmadụ, nnọpụiche na eleghị anya n'ihu) ma kwado ya na mkpebi Nzukọ Ezumezu 46/182. Mkpebi General Assembly nke 1991 dugara n'ịmepụta ọrụ nke Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC).  N'afọ 2004, mkpebi Nzukọ Ezumezu 58/114 gbakwunyere nnwere onwe dị ka ụkpụrụ nke anọ dị mkpa maka ọrụ ebere.  Ụkpụrụ nke anọ bụ n'ihi ịmekọrịta enyemaka enyemaka n'ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị siri ike iji dozie ihe ịma aka ndị na-eche ihu n'ichekwa nnwere onwe maka ndị mmekọ mpaghara na n'ihe gbasara ndị na-erite uru na nnyefe nke ọrụ ndị dabeere na mkpa na mpaghara ndị metụtara. Ọtụtụ òtù enyemaka mba ụwa na-arụ ọrụ na ndị mmadụ na nsogbu ọdachi nabatara ụkpụrụ ndị a.

Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ Na-ahụ Nkwado nwere ibu ọrụ nke ịkwado ụkpụrụ ọrụ ebere n'ụwa niile.  Nke a bụ òtù na-ahụ maka ijikọ ụlọ ọrụ UN, Red Cross Movement na NGO na-arụ ọrụ ebere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=OCHA|title=What are Humanitarian Principles?|url=https://www.unocha.org/sites/dms/Documents/OOM-humanitarianprinciples_eng_June12.pdf|work=UNOCHA|publisher=UNITED NATIONS|accessdate=9 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụkpụrụ ndị dabeere na ahụmịhe n'ọhịa na ọnọdụ mberede ==
Ụkpụrụ niile dị n'elu bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ọrụ dị irè.  Ha dabere na ahụmịhe zuru oke nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ahụ maka mmeghachi omume ebere.  N'ọnọdụ esemokwu, mmebi ha nwere ike imetụta ikike nke ụlọ ọrụ iji meghachi omume na mkpa nke ndị ahụ metụtara.

Ọ bụrụ na otu na-alụ ọgụ kwenyere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado akụkụ nke ọzọ, ma ọ bụ na ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya onye iro, enwere ike igbochi ndị ahụ metụtara ma tinye ndụ ndị ọrụ enyemaka n'ihe ize ndụ.  Ọ bụrụ na otu n'ime ndị otu ahụ ghọtara na ụlọ ọrụ na-anwa ịgbasa okwukwe okpukpe ọzọ, enwere ike inwe mmeghachi omume obi ọjọọ na ọrụ ha.

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==
Ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi, ndị a chọtara na Red Cross / NGO Code of Conduct na GA Resolution 46/182 sitere na Ụkpụrụ Ndị Isi nke Red Cross, ọkachasị ụkpụrụ I (mmadụ), II (enweghị onye na-ele mmadụ anya n'ihu), III (anọpụ iche - n'ihe banyere UN), na IV (nwere onwe).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/Docs/journal/asp/ws.asp?m=A/RES/46/182|title=A/RES/46/182 - E|work=www.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;(For a discussion of their background and a commentary on the principles see: [https://web.archive.org/web/20100131034232/http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/5MJE9N Jean Pictet 1979])&lt;/ref&gt; Enwere ike ịhụ nkọwa zuru ezu na nyocha nke ụkpụrụ iri niile dị na Red Cross Red Crescent Code of Conduct n'akwụkwọ Hugo Slim Humanitarian Ethics .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Humanitarian Ethics: The Morality of Aid in War and Disaster|publisher=Hurst and Oxford University Press|date=2015|author=Hugo Slim|pages=39–111|isbn=978-0190264833}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado maka ọrụ ebere ==
A kọwaala ibu ọrụ dị ka: &quot;usoro nke otu na-eme&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lloyd, Robert M.|title=Pathways to Accountability: The Gap Framework|publisher=One World Trust|year=2005|pages=5|isbn=0-9504434-6-8|url=dtrust.org/documents/Pathways_to_Accountability,_A_Short_Guide_to_the_GAP_Framework.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Humanitarian Accountability Partnership International na-agbakwụnye, sị: &quot;Accountability bụ maka iji ike mee ihe n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.hapinternational.org/other/faq.aspx#top|title=HAPI|accessdate=2023-08-19|archivedate=2013-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926033337/http://www.hapinternational.org/other/faq.aspx#top}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nkeji edemede nke 9 nke Code of Conduct maka International Red Cross na Red Crescent Movement na NGO na Disaster Relief na-ekwu:  Otú ọ dị, ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mmadụ na-emekarị ka ọ bụrụ &quot;ịkọwa aka elu&quot;, ya bụ, nye ndị na-enye ha onyinye.&lt;ref&gt;Mary Anderson: {{Cite web|url=http://programs.ssrc.org/emergencies/publications/Anderson.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2008-07-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201180533/http://programs.ssrc.org/emergencies/publications/Anderson.pdf|archivedate=2008-12-01}} p.2&lt;/ref&gt;

Ahụmahụ nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka n'oge Mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Rwanda, dugara n'ọtụtụ atụmatụ e mere iji melite enyemaka enyemaka enyemaka na ịza ajụjụ, ọkachasị maka ndị na-erite uru.  Ihe atụ gụnyere Sphere Project, ALNAP, Compas, People In Aid Code of Good Practice, na Humanitarian Accountability Partnership International, nke na-agba ọsọ &quot;usoro mkpuchi zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.alnap.org/|title=ALNAP - Home|work=www.alnap.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.compasqualite.org/en/index/index.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103064539/http://www.compasqualite.org/en/index/index.php|archivedate=3 November 2010|title=Quality COMPAS - Homepage|date=3 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.peopleinaid.org/code/|title=Home Page|accessdate=2023-08-19|archivedate=2016-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165430/http://www.peopleinaid.org/code/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ ==
Usoro RC / NGO depụtakwara ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ na-achọsi ike nke sitere na ahụmịhe na enyemaka mmepe.

* Ụlọ ọrụ kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ n'ihe gbasara omenala na omenala
* Nzaghachi ndị ọrụ ebere kwesịrị iji ihe onwunwe na ikike mpaghara mee ihe dịka o kwere mee
* A ga-agba ndị na-erite uru ume itinye aka
* Nzaghachi mberede kwesịrị ịgbalị iji belata nsogbu n'ọdịnihu
* Ụlọ ọrụ kwesịrị ịza ajụjụ nye ndị na-enye onyinye na ndị na-erite uru
* Ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka enyemaka kwesịrị iji ọrụ ozi gosipụta ndị a na-emegbu dị ka mmadụ dị ùgwù, ọ bụghị ihe na-enweghị olileanya

== Ikike ibi ndụ na nkwanye ùgwù ==
Sphere Project Humanitarian Charter na-eji asụsụ nke ikike mmadụ iji cheta na ikike ndụ nke a na-ekwupụta na Universal Declaration of Human Rights na International Convention on Civil and Political Rights nwere njikọ na ùgwù mmadụ.

== Nsogbu na omume ==
Ụkpụrụ ọrụ ebere na-elekwasị anya na omume nke òtù.  Otú ọ dị, mmeghachi omume obi ụtọ na-egosi na ndị ọrụ enyemaka agaghị eji ohere nke ndị agha na ime ihe ike metụtara.  Ụlọ ọrụ nwere ọrụ maka ịmepụta iwu nke omume ndị ọrụ nke na-egbochi mmetọ nke ndị na-erite uru.

=== Mmekọahụ na mmetọ ===
Otu n'ime ebe ndị nwere nsogbu kachasị na-emetụta nsogbu nke mmegbu mmekọahụ na mmegbu nke ndị ọrụ enyemaka.  N'ọnọdụ mberede ebe ndị ahụ tụfuru ihe niile, ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na-abụkarị ndị mmetọ mmekọahụ.

Ọtụtụ akụkọ nke gosipụtara mmegbu mmekọahụ nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka kpaliri ndị ọrụ ebere ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ n'inyocha nsogbu ahụ na ime ihe iji gbochie mmegbu.  N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2002, Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ọchịchị Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (IASC) nabatara atụmatụ ime ihe nke kwuru: Mmekọahụ na mmetọ site n'aka ndị ọrụ enyemaka bụ omume ọjọọ dị egwu ma bụrụ ihe kpatara ịkwụsị ọrụ.  Atụmatụ ahụ machibidoro &quot;Nkwekọrịta ego, ọrụ, ngwongwo, ma ọ bụ ọrụ maka mmekọahụ, gụnyere ihu ọma mmekọahụ ma ọ bụ ụdị ndị ọzọ nke mmechuihu, mmechuihi ma ọ bụ mmegbu&quot;.  Ndị isi NGHAs yana ụlọ ọrụ UN na-etinye aka na mmeghachi omume enyemaka raara onwe ha nye ịmepụta usoro dị n'ime iji gbochie mmegbu mmekọahụ na mmegbu nke ndị na-erite uru.

== Nkwado ==
E meela mgbalị dị ukwuu na ngalaba ọrụ ebere iji nyochaa ịgbaso ụkpụrụ ọrụ ebere. Mgbalị ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere The People In Aid Code of Good Practice, ngwá ọrụ nchịkwa a ma ama na mba ụwa nke na-enyere ndị ọrụ ebere na ndị na-emepe emepe aka ịkwalite ogo nke njikwa ndị ọrụ ha. NGO, Humanitarian Accountability Partnership International, na-arụkwa ọrụ iji mee ka òtù ndị ọrụ ebere nwee ike ịza ajụjụ, ọkachasị ndị na-erite uru.

Ihe owuwu ndị dị n'ime Red Cross Movement na-enyocha nrubeisi na ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke Red Cross.

Usoro RC / NGO na-eme ka onwe ya sie ike. SCHR na-eme nyocha ndị ọgbọ n'etiti ndị otu ya nke na-eleba anya n'akụkụ ụfọdụ na okwu nke ịgbaso ụkpụrụ ndị edepụtara na RC / NGO Code

== Hụkwa ==

* Nkwụsị nke ala [https://web.archive.org/web/20190503170141/https://www.unccd.int/actions/achieving-land-degradation-neutrality Nnọpụiche] nke UNCCD - United Nations - Nkwekọrịta iji lụso ọzara ọgụ

== Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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[[Category:Articles using infobox university]]
'''Abdu Gusau Polytechnic''' bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ gọọmentị dị na Talata Mafara, Zamfara State, Nigeria.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E guzobere ụlọakwụkwọ politekniki a n'afọ 1992 mgbe onye bụbu Gọvanọ nke Sokoto [[Ȯra Sokoto|Steeti]], [[Yahaya Abdulkarim]] bịanyere aka na iwu nke guzobere 'Talata Mafara Polythecnic'.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://agpmafara.edu.ng/about-us/history/|title=HISTORY|work=agpmafara.edu.ng|date=23 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gọọmentị steeti Sokoto gbanwere aha Politekniki a ka ọ bụrụ 'Abdu Gusau Polytechnic' na Febụwarị, n'afọ 1995. Emere nke a iji sọpụrụ onye injinia nwụrụ anwụ Abdu Gusau onye nwụrụ na Nọvemba, n'afọ 1994, iji kwado enyemaka ya na mmepe nke steeti ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Historical Background of the Polytechnic|url=https://agpmafara.edu.ng/about-us/history/|work=Abdu Gusau Polytechnic Talata Mafara|date=23 May 2020|accessdate=5 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kere steeti Zamfara nke Naịjirịa site na iwu gọọmentị etiti n'afọ 1996, nke a mere ka ọ dị mkpa ịkwaga politekniki a na ebe ọhụrụ na-adịgide adịgide na Talata Mafara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=NIPC|title=Nigerian States, Zamfara state|url=https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria-states/zamfara-state/|work=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission|date=9 January 2019|publisher=Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission|accessdate=5 September 2020|archivedate=30 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930210846/https://nipc.gov.ng/nigeria-states/zamfara-state/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Alapiki|first=Henry E.|title=State Creation in Nigeria: Failed Approaches to National Integration and Local Autonomy|journal=African Studies Review|date=2005|volume=48|issue=3|pages=49–65|doi=10.1353/arw.2006.0003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gọọmentị steeti Sokoto abụghịzi onye na-ahụ maka ya, ọ gaghịkwa ekwe omume n'ụzọ iwu nwere ụlọ ọrụ nke steeti Zamfara dị na Sokoto.

== Ụbọchị a ==
Abdu Gusau Polytechnic bụzi ụlọ ọrụ mepere emepe na-enye nzere agụmakwụkwọ na mpaghara niile nke mbọ mmadụ.Enwere ike ịgba akaebe nke a mgbe a na-atụle ọtụtụ ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ya site n'akụkụ niile nke mba ahụ.  A na-edozi ya ugbu a iji zute ihe ịma aka nke ọganihu teknụzụ zuru ụwa ọnụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-23|title=HISTORY -|url=https://agpmafara.edu.ng/about-us/history/,%20https://agpmafara.edu.ng/about-us/history/|accessdate=2023-09-05|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{As of|2020}}, Politekniki a nwere ngalaba iri na iteghete (19), na ụmụakwụkwọ 2,524, na-enye nzere agụmakwụkwọ n'ọtụtụ ngalaba ọmụmụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://agpmafara.edu.ng/,%20https://agpmafara.edu.ng/|title=HOME -|date=May 23, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot; /&gt; Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye ND's (National Diploma) [citation needed] ugbu a na ọmụmụ ndị dị ka; nkwurịta okwu ọha, ụlọ akụ na ego, iwu obodo, injinia ụlọ, injinịa eletrik na HND's (Higher National Diploma) na njikwa teknụzụ ọfịs, azụmahịa, bio chemistry, sayensị kọmputa na ọnụ ọgụgụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tuition.ng/directory/listing/abdu-gusau-polytechnic-talata-mafara|title=Abdu Gusau Polytechnic (AGP) Talata Mafara}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ọmụmụ ndị a na-enye ==

== Ihe Ọmụmụ National Diploma ==

* ND Business Administration
* ND Office Technology Management
* ND Mass Communication
* ND Banking &amp; Finance,
* ND Accounting
* ND Science Laboratory Technology
* ND Computer Science
* ND Injinịa Kọmputa, Statistics, Architecture, Injinịa Mechanical,
* ND Civil Engineering
* ND Injinia ụlọ
* ND Nnyocha Ọnụ ọgụgụ
* ND Injinia eletrik
* ND Mechatronic
* ND Library Science,
* Diploma na Iwu Obodo
* Diploma na Sharia &amp; Civil Law

== Ihe Omumụ nke Higher National Diploma ==

* Nchịkwa Azụmaahịa HND
* Nchịkwa teknụzụ nke ụlọ ọrụ HND
* HND Accounting, Applied Science
* HND Microbiology
* HND Biochemistry
* HND Sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi
* HND Physics
* HND Computer Science
* Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ HND
* Diploma dị elu na Arabic na Islamic Sharia

== Hụkwa ==
Ọ́bá akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na Naijiria

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Ȯra Zamfara]]</text>
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{{Infobox person|name=Adaeze Atuegwu|image=Adaeze Atuegwu.jpg|birth_date={{birth date and age|mf=yes|June 5, 1977}}|birth_place=Enugu, Nigeria|nationality=Nigerian|citizenship=American|alma_mater=Rutgers University
Johns Hopkins University 
University of Florida|occupation=Author, pharmacist|years_active=1994–present|website=adaezea.com}}
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Adaeze Ifeoma Atuegwu''' // i (amụrụ na June 5, 1977) bụ onye Naijiria-Amerịka na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ na onye edemede nke ọrụ ya gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ, akụkọ ụmụaka, akụkọ ọgwụ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, na ihe nkiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=November 18, 2022|title=Revisiting Adaeze Atuegwu: 17 Books at 17|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/revisiting-adaeze-atuegwu-17-books-at-17/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=The Guardian Nigeria News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-11-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124012302/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/revisiting-adaeze-atuegwu-17-books-at-17/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Adaeze Atuegwu: Paving the Way for Other Young Authors|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/07/16/adaeze-atuegwu-paving-the-way-for-other-young-authors/|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=www.thisdaylive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=May 3, 2022|title=Young Writers Should Be Encouraged – Adaeze Atuegwu|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/young-writers-should-be-encouraged-nigerian-author-adaeze-atuegwu/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=The Nation|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=November 18, 2022|title=Atuegwu: Enabling blind children through Braille and audio books|url=https://www.newtelegraphng.com/atuegwu-enabling-blind-children-through-braille-and-audio-books/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=New Telegraph|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Paul|first=Utebor|date=October 2, 2022|title=Evolution of Young Nigerian Writers – Adaeze Atuegwu|url=https://thenewsguru.com/nigeria-news/evolution-of-young-nigerian-writers-adaeze-atuegwu/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=TheNewsGuru|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị edemede kachasị nta na Naijiria na akwụkwọ iri na asaa e bipụtara mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oboh|date=July 8, 2022|title=Nigeria's youngest most prolific author: Adaeze Atuegwu|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/nigerias-youngest-most-prolific-author-adaeze-atuegwu/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 7, 2022|title=Adaeze Atuegwu: Nigeria's Youngest Bestselling Author of 17 Books at 17 Years Old|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/adaeze-atuegwu-nigerians-youngest-bestselling-author-of-17-books-at-17-years-old/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adeuyi|first=Seun|date=August 1, 2022|title=17 Books At 17 Years Yet Adaeze Atuegwu Never Planned To Be A Writer|url=https://dailytrust.com/17-books-at-17-years-yet-adaeze-atuegwu-never-planned-to-be-a-writer/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=Daily Trust|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Saheed|date=July 28, 2022|title=Five Nigerian Women Authors Who Made History|url=https://www.informationng.com/2022/07/five-nigerian-women-authors-who-made-history.html|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=Information Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 1, 2022|title=Young African Female Authors That Made History – Atuegwu, Oyeyemi, and Nkamankeng|url=https://leadership.ng/young-african-female-authors-that-made-history-atuegwu-oyeyemi-and-nkamankeng/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=Leadership|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Adaeze Atuegwu: Paving the Way for Other Young Authors|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/07/16/adaeze-atuegwu-paving-the-way-for-other-young-authors/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=www.thisdaylive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mbụ na ezinụlọ ==
A mụrụ Atuegwu n'obodo [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt; na [[Naijiria]] n'aka onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adeuyi|first=Seun|date=August 1, 2022|title=17 Books At 17 Years Yet Adaeze Atuegwu Never Planned To Be A Writer|url=https://dailytrust.com/17-books-at-17-years-yet-adaeze-atuegwu-never-planned-to-be-a-writer/|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=Daily Trust|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye ọrụ ebere Prince Chris Atuegwu nke agbụrụ eze Nnofo na Nnewi na Lady Ifeoma Atuegwu, onye na-emepụta ọgwụ, onye ọrụ ebere&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Philanthropist bequeaths Nnewi Anglican Community with modern Church building|date=January 14, 2020|url=https://authorityngr.com/2020/01/14/philanthropist-bequeaths-nnewi-anglican-community-with-modern-church-building/|accessdate=2022-11-23|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-11-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124012302/https://authorityngr.com/2020/01/14/philanthropist-bequeaths-nnewi-anglican-community-with-modern-church-building/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Covid19 Lockdown: Pharm Prince Chris Atuegwu doles out palliatives to his community.|date=April 19, 2020|url=https://www.notchnewsonline.com.ng/2020/04/covid19-lockdown-pharm-prince-chris.html|accessdate=2022-11-23|language=en-GB|archivedate=2022-11-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124012303/https://www.notchnewsonline.com.ng/2020/04/covid19-lockdown-pharm-prince-chris.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;, na onye guzobere Bina Foundation, na onye mmeri nke 2017 nke Margarette Golding Award nke International Inner Wheel, kwa site na [[Nnewi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=November 18, 2022|title=Atuegwu: Enabling blind children through Braille and audio books|url=https://www.newtelegraphng.com/atuegwu-enabling-blind-children-through-braille-and-audio-books/|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=New Telegraph|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Anambra State, Nigeria.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=May 16, 2017|title=NGO Distributes N5m Micro Credit Loan To 150 Physically Challenged Persons In Enugu|url=https://sundiatapost.com/ngo-distributes-n5m-micro-credit-loan-to-150-physically-challenged-persons-in-enugu/|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=SundiataPost|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nwafor|date=May 18, 2017|title=Physically challenged youths receive N13.5m interest-free loan in Enugu|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/physically-challenged-youths-receive-n13-5m-interest-free-loan-enugu/|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 3, 2017|title=Blind football in Africa goes from strength to strength.|url=https://ibsasport.org/blind-football-in-africa-goes-from-strength-to-strength/|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=IBSA International Blind Sports Federation|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-11-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124012303/https://ibsasport.org/blind-football-in-africa-goes-from-strength-to-strength/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=January 18, 2022|title=PCN excited by BINA Foundation's contributions to blind powerlifting|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/pcn-excited-by-bina-foundations-contributions-to-blind-powerlifting/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=The Guardian Nigeria News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bina Foundation: A model of disability sport development in Nigeria|url=https://www.sportanddev.org/en/article/news/bina-foundation-model-disability-sport-development-nigeria|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=www.sportanddev.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lady Ifeoma Atuegwu Bags Margarette Golding Award|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2017/04/07/lady-ifeoma-atuegwu-bags-margarette-golding-award/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=www.thisdaylive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 6, 2017|title=Pomp as Inner Wheel Club honours Atuegwu|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/pomp-as-inner-wheel-club-honours-atuegwu/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Atuegwu tolitere na [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oboh|date=July 8, 2022|title=Nigeria's youngest most prolific author: Adaeze Atuegwu|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/nigerias-youngest-most-prolific-author-adaeze-atuegwu/|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Atuegwu dere akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, Fate mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa na 1994 mgbe ọ na-echere nsonaazụ ya na Senior Secondary School West African Examinations Council Certificate Examinations (WAEC).&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot; /&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Atuegwu gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị na Mahadum Primary na Secondary schools na Enugu ebe ọ natara ọtụtụ ihe nrite agụmakwụkwọ na ndị na-abụghị agụmakwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;/&gt; N'oge ọ nọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ bụ onye edemede na-enye aka na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Honour, magazin ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọrịtandrị ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;/&gt;

Atuegwu gụrụ ọgwụ na [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum nke Naijiria Nsukka]] (UNN) maka otu semester.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=777xAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=adaeze+atuegwu|title=Enugu State FSP Magazine: A Quarterly Publication of Family Support Programme, Enugu State|date=1997|publisher=Enugu State Commission for Women|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 1996, ọ kwagara na United States ma mesịa mụọ ọgwụ na Mahadum Rutgers.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot;/&gt; O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke ọgwụ na nzere doctorate na ọgwụ (PharmD) n'afọ 2002.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot; /&gt; Mgbe ọ nọ na Mahadum Rutgers, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye edemede na-enye aka na onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka akwụkwọ afọ ya, Pharmascript.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;/&gt;

N'afọ 2008, Atuegwu gụsịrị nzere masta na edemede okike na Mahadum Johns Hopkins.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 2014, ọ nwetara nzere masta na njikwa ọgwụgwọ na Mahadum Florida.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot; /&gt; Atuegwu nwere asambodo sitere na American Medical Writers Association (AMWA).&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ide ihe ==
N'afọ 1994, Fourth Dimension Publishing Company nke [[Arthur Nwankwo]] guzobere, bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ Atuegwu, Fate, akụkọ banyere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya a kara aka mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=13obAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=adaeze+atuegwu|title=International Books in Print|date=1986|publisher=K.G. Saur|isbn=978-3-598-22133-0|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot;/&gt; Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke abụọ, Tears, ka B-Teks Publishing bipụtara n'oge na-adịghị ''anya''.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;/&gt; E bipụtara akwụkwọ iri na ise Atuegwu n'ime ọnwa asatọ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị edemede kacha nta na Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=May 3, 2022|title=Young writers should be encouraged – Nigerian Author Adaeze Atuegwu|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/young-writers-should-be-encouraged-nigerian-author-adaeze-atuegwu/|work=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt; Otu n'ime ''akwụkwọ'' ụmụ ya, The Magic Leaf, nke e bipụtara na 1994, bụ akụkọ anwansi nke e mere na [[Igboland|Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Naịjirịa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=July 30, 2022|title=Classic Folktales and Fantasy Books Set In Nigeria|url=https://www.newtelegraphng.com/classic-folktales-and-fantasy-books-set-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=New Telegraph|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; E bipụtara ihe nkiri ya, My Husband's Mistress, n'afọ 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot; /&gt; Ụfọdụ n'ime akwụkwọ ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere Adventures of Nnanna (1995), ''Chalet 9'' (1995), Bina and the Birthday Cake (1995), ''bina'' and the Sailboat (1995), Bin at the Beach (1995),bin at the Supermarket (1995), Kin at the Airport (1995), Lizzy's First Year at School (1995), Lisa's Second Year at School (''afọ'' 1995), na Lizzy'l Third Year at School (1995).&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

Na Julaị 28, 1995, e nwere nzukọ ndị nta akụkọ maka Atuegwu na Enugu Press Centre.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;/&gt; N'ihe omume a, onye bụbu nwanyị nke Enugu State, Mrs. Olusola Torey, nwunye Colonel Mike Torey، kọwara Atuegwu dị ka &quot;nwatakịrị mara mma&quot; na dị ka mgbasa ozi si kwuo &quot;otu n'ime ndị edemede kachasị nta nwere nkà edemede na-eme ihe ike na nwata na-ede akwụkwọ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Revisiting Adaeze Atuegwu: 17 Books at 17|url=https://guardian.ng/life/revisiting-adaeze-atuegwu-17-books-at-17/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=guardian.ng|date=November 18, 2022|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-11-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124012256/https://guardian.ng/life/revisiting-adaeze-atuegwu-17-books-at-17/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee 31, 1996, e wepụtara akwụkwọ iri na asaa nke Atuegwu n'obodo Enugu na Naijiria n'okpuru okwu &quot;akwụkwọ iri na asaa na iri na asaa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 2, 2022|title=Adaeze Atuegwu: A legendary contribution to children's books in Nigeria|url=https://www.thecable.ng/adaeze-atuegwu-a-legendary-contribution-to-childrens-books-in-nigeria|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=TheCable|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihe omume a, General Sam Momah, onye bụbu [[Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Nigeria|minista sayensị na teknụzụ]] na Naijiria, kọwara ya dị ka &quot;onye nwere ọgụgụ isi na onyinye nye Naijiria&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt;

A na-eji akwụkwọ Atuegwu mee ihe na Naijiria dị ka akwụkwọ ọgụgụ achọrọ na ihe ọgụgụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, sekọndrị, na tertiary nakwa maka ule nke West African Examinations Council na ule ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndary ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;/&gt; A na-ewere Atuegwu dị ka otu n'ime ndị bu ụzọ n'oge ọhụrụ nke ndị edemede Naijiria na-eto eto.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto8&quot;/&gt; A na-ewerekwa ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị bu ọgbọ nke atọ nke ndị edemede Naijiria ụzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt; Akwụkwọ Atuegwu dị ka akwụkwọ ndị a na-ege ntị na Braille.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rapheal|date=October 22, 2022|title=Atuegwu: Touching lives of blind children with books|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/atuegwu-touching-lives-of-blind-children-with-books/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye otu PEN America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=March 2, 2017|title=Current Members: A|url=https://pen.org/current-members-a/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=PEN America|language=en|archivedate=2022-11-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124012252/https://pen.org/current-members-a/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ebere na ọrụ ebere ==
Atuegwu bụ onye na-akwado ndị nwere nkwarụ gụnyere ndị kpuru ìsì na ndị na-adịghị ahụ ụzọ site na itinye aka na Bina Foundation for People with Special Needs, otu na-enweghị uru na Enugu, Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nwafor|date=February 16, 2017|title=Respite at last for 200 people with special needs|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/02/respite-last-200-people-special-needs/|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=University|first=Nnamdi Azikiwe|date=November 21, 2021|title=Bina Foundation donates to CENDASNER|url=https://unizik.edu.ng/bina-foundation-donates-to-cendasner/|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=Nnamdi Azikiwe University|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rapheal|date=October 25, 2022|title=Ability in disability|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/ability-in-disability/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2019 World Leprosy Day: Inmates at Oji River Leprosy settlement seeks help for self-reliance|url=https://medicalworldnigeria.com/post/2019-world-leprosy-day-inmates-at-oji-river-leprosy-settlement-seeks-help-for-self-reliance?pid=33998|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=Medical World Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ ya, nke dị na Braille na ọdịyo enyerela ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche maka ndị kpuru ìsì na ndị na-adịghị ahụ ụzọ na Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto4&quot;/&gt;

Atuegwu, site na Bina Foundation, bụkwa onye na-akwado itinye ndị nwere nkwarụ karịsịa maka egwuregwu ndị nwere nkụ dịka bọọlụ kpuru ìsì.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 20, 2018|title=Bina Foundation moves to promote blind football to international status|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/bina-foundation-moves-to-promote-blind-football-to-international-status/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=The Guardian Nigeria News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-12-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212235257/https://guardian.ng/sport/bina-foundation-moves-to-promote-blind-football-to-international-status/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bina Foundation promotes blind Football in Africa, hosts Nigeria vs Ghana friendlies|date=July 11, 2021|url=https://authorityngr.com/2021/07/11/bina-foundation-promotes-blind-football-in-africa-hosts-nigeria-vs-ghana-friendlies/|accessdate=2022-11-24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nwafor|date=December 20, 2018|title=Bina Foundation reaches out to Enugu para-athletics champions|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/12/bina-foundation-reaches-out-to-enugu-para-athletics-champions/|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=January 27, 2021|title=Blind but not bound: Visually-impaired athletes find new vision, hope through sports|url=https://punchng.com/blind-but-not-bound-visually-impaired-athletes-find-new-vision-hope-through-sports/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Arinze|first=Alinnor|date=January 16, 2022|title=Bina Foundation Hailed For Success Of Maiden Blind Powerlifting &amp; Bench Press Trials In Lagos|url=https://pmexpressng.com/bina-foundation-hailed-for-success-of-maiden-blind-powerlifting-bench-press-trials-in-lagos/|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=P.M. Express|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 14, 2019|title=Nigeria's blind women team win exhibition game in Enugu|url=https://punchng.com/nigerias-blind-women-team-win-exhibition-game-in-enugu/|accessdate=2022-11-24|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2022, Atuegwu so na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Star Eagles nke Naịjirịa na Morocco maka International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) Blind Football African Championships nke emere na Bouznika, [[Morocco]] site na Septemba 14 ruo 26, 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 10, 2022|title=Nigeria's national team, Star Eagles, relish experience in Morocco|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/sport/nigerias-national-team-star-eagles-relish-experience-in-morocco/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=The Guardian Nigeria News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-11-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124012253/https://editor.guardian.ng/sport/nigerias-national-team-star-eagles-relish-experience-in-morocco/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria's 'Star Eagles stars in 2022 IBSA Africa Blind football championship in Morocco|date=October 9, 2022|url=https://authorityngr.com/2022/10/09/nigerias-star-eagles-stars-in-2022-ibsa-africa-blind-football-championship-in-morocco/|accessdate=2022-11-23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Nigeria's Star Eagles triumph over Côte d'Ivoire|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/09/23/nigerias-star-eagles-triumph-over-cote-divoire/|work=This Day}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Atuegwu tolitere na [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], Naịjirịa. Ọ kwagara [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]] na 1996.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto5&quot;/&gt; Ya na ezinụlọ ya bi na Washington, D.C. ugbu a.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt;

== Mmetụta ọ na-emetụta ndị ọzọ ==

=== Ụdị ejiji ===
Atuegwu's Bina Series, usoro akwụkwọ ise banyere nwa okorobịa na-eme ihe ọjọọ aha ya bụ nwanne Atuegwu nke obere, Obinna, kpaliri ntutu isi ụmụaka na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma nke Naijiria a maara dị ka ''Bina Haircut'' na afọ iri itoolu na afọ 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Paul|first=Utebor|date=July 28, 2022|title=Five books and authors that shaped children's literature in Nigeria|url=https://thenewsguru.com/nigeria-news/five-books-and-authors-that-shaped-childrens-literature-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=TheNewsGuru|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto11&quot;/&gt;

=== Ndị dere ya ===

== Onyinye ==

* 1993: asọmpi edemede nke ụbọchị ahụike ụwa (Nigeria)&lt;ref name=&quot;auto6&quot;/&gt;
* 1994: Rotary International Award for Creativity&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;/&gt;
* 1995: Rotary International Award maka ịkwalite mmepe ụmụaka&lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;/&gt;
* 1996: Rotary International Award for Excellence in Writing&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 1, 2022|title=Young African Female Authors That Made History – Atuegwu, Oyeyemi, and Nkamankeng|url=https://leadership.ng/young-african-female-authors-that-made-history-atuegwu-oyeyemi-and-nkamankeng/|accessdate=2022-11-23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1996: Rotaract International Award for Creativity&lt;ref name=&quot;auto10&quot;/&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ndị a họọrọ ==

* Fate, Enugu: Fourth Dimensions Publishers, 1994, ISBN 9781563982; Cika Publishers, 1994. [[Special:BookSources/9782966843|ISBN]] 9 782966843
* Anya mmiri, Enugu: B-Teks Publishers, 1994, ISBN 978290404X; Cika Publishers, 1994. [[Special:BookSources/9782966606|ISBN]] 9 782966606
* Ihe omuma nke Nnanna, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995, ISBN 9783352911
* Chalet 9, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995, ISBN 9783352903
* Nwoke m, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995, ISBN 9783352938
* The Magic Leaf, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995, ISBN 978335292X
* Bina na Cake Birthday: Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995, ISBN 9783352946; [[Special:BookSources/9782904058|ISBN]] 9 782904058
* Bina na ụgbọ mmiri, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995, ISBN 9783352989; [[Special:BookSources/9782904066|ISBN]] 9 782904066
* Bina at the Beach, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995, ISBN 9789952962; [[Special:BookSources/9782904074|ISBN]] 9 782904074
* Bina na Supermarket, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995, ISBN 9783352970; [[Special:BookSources/9782904082|ISBN]] 9 782904082
* Bina na ọdụ ụgbọ elu, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995, ISBN 9783352954; [[Special:BookSources/9782904090|ISBN]] 9 782904090
* Afọ Mbụ Lizzy n'Ụlọ Akwụkwọ, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995, ISBN 9783352997
* Afọ nke Abụọ Lizzy n'Ụlọ Akwụkwọ, Enugu: Cika Publishers, 1995, ISBN 9782966126
* Afọ nke Atọ Lizzy n'Ụlọ Akwụkwọ, Enugu, Cika Publishers, 1995, ISBN 9782996363

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://adaezea.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị]
[[Òtù:Ndị Igbo]]
[[Òtù:Onye édémédé akwukwọ si-na Naigeria]]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
[[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]]</text>
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Ịgụ na ide na weebụ gụnyere nkà na ikike dị mkpa maka ịgụ, ide na isonye na weebụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;weblitmap&quot;&gt;[https://webmaker.org/literacy Mozilla Web Literacy Map v1.1.0]&lt;/ref&gt;A kọwawo ya dị ka &quot;ihe na ọrụ&quot; - ya bụ, ndị ọrụ weebụ ekwesịghị ịmụta banyere weebụ kamakwa otu esi emepụta ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;fastco&quot;&gt;Davidson, C.N. &amp; Surman, M. [http://www.fastcoexist.com/1680264/why-web-literacy-should-be-part-of-every-education &quot;Why Web Literacy Should Be Part of Every Education&quot;], Fast Company. Retrieved 2 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke echiche a ==
N'akụkụ ikpeazụ nke afọ 1990, ndị na-eme nchọpụta banyere ịgụ na ide malitere ịchọpụta ọdịiche dị n'etiti ederede e biri ebi na ngwaọrụ ndị nwere ihuenyo na netwọk. Nnyocha a lekwasịrị anya n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'akụkụ abụọ: ntụkwasị obi nke ozi a pụrụ ịchọta na World Wide Web na ọdịiche nke hypertext na-eme na 'ịgụ' na 'ide'. &lt;ref name=&quot;Detweiler&quot;&gt;Detweiler, M. C., Hess, S. M., &amp; Peck, A. C. (1996, October). Acquiring User-Centered Design Skills by Designing and Evaluating World Wide Web Pages. In ''Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting'' (Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 459-462). SAGE Publications&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Snyder&quot;&gt;Snyder, I., &amp; Joyce, M. (Eds.). (1998). ''Page to screen: Taking literacy into the electronic era.'' Psychology Press.&lt;/ref&gt;A gụnyere nkà ndị a na nkọwa nke ịgụ na ide nke ozi ma tinye ya na akwụkwọ ọnọdụ SCONUL na 1999. &lt;ref name=&quot;SCONULpaper&quot;&gt;SCONUL Advisory Committee on Information Literacy (1999) Information skills in higher education:
a SCONUL position paper. Prepared by the Information Skills Task Force, on behalf of SCONUL.&lt;/ref&gt;Akwụkwọ a ghọrọ '7 Pillars of Information Literacy', nke e mezigharịrị n'ikpeazụ na 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;SCONULpillars&quot;&gt;SCONUL. (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230423221535/https://www.sconul.ac.uk/tags/7-pillars 7 Pillars of Information Literacy Core Model]. Retrieved 12 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Map Ịgụ na Ịgụ Ihe na Ebe ==
[[Usòrò:Web_Literacy_Map_v1.10.png|thumb|Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Map v1.1.0]]
'' (Na-ekere òkè na Weebụ) ''

A tọhapụrụ Literacy Version 1.1 nke Web Literacy Map na mbido afọ 2014 ma kwado ngalaba ihe onwunwe Webmaker nke Mozilla Foundation, ebe ndị mmụta na ndị nduzi nwere ike ịchọta ọrụ ndị na-enyere aka ịkụzi mpaghara ndị metụtara ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;weblitmapdate&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150212125959/https://blog.webmaker.org/why-the-web-literacy-map-will-remain-at-v1-1-until-mozfest Why the Web Literacy Map will remain at v1.1 until MozFest]. Mozilla Webmaker blog. Retrieved 12 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ bụ ezie na Web Literacy Map bụ ndepụta nke eriri, nkà na ikike, a na-anọchite anya ya dịka grid ikike.

Ndị obodo Mozilla mechara mbipụta 1.5 nke Web Literacy Map na ngwụcha Machị 2015. &lt;ref name=&quot;weblitmapdate2&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150212125956/https://blog.webmaker.org/weblitmap-v1-5 Building version 1.5 of Mozilla’s Web Literacy Map]. Mozilla Webmaker blog. Retrieved 12 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;Nke a na-agụnye obere mgbanwe na ikike na nyocha zuru oke nke nkà ha nwere.&lt;ref name=&quot;competencies&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20201108125726/http://literaci.es/redefining-weblitmap-skills Help us redefine the skills underpinning three Web Literacy Map competencies!]. Literaci.es. Retrieved 12 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ịchọpụta ===
'' (Ịnyagharị na Weebụ) ''

* Njem '' (Iji ngwá ọrụ ngwanrọ nyochaa weebụ) '' 
* Web Mechanics '' (Ịghọta usoro gburugburu ebe obibi weebụ) '' 
* Nchọgharị '' (Ịchọta ozi, ndị mmadụ na ihe onwunwe site na weebụ) '' 
* Ikwesị ntụkwasị obi (Nnyocha siri ike nke ozi a hụrụ na web) '' (Nnyocha nyocha nke ozi a hụrụ na web) ''
* Nchebe '' (Idebe usoro, njirimara, na ọdịnaya dị nchebe) '' 

=== Ihe owuwu ===
'' (Ịmepụta Weebụ) ''

* Ide maka Weebụ '' (Ịmepụta na ịhazi ọdịnaya) '' 
* Remixing (Ịgbanwe ihe onwunwe weebụ dị ugbu a iji mepụta ihe ọhụrụ) '' (Ịgbanwe ihe ntanetị dị ugbu a iji mepụta ihe ọhụrụ) ''
* Design &amp; Accessibility '' (Ịmepụta nkwukọrịta dị irè n'ụwa niile site na ihe onwunwe weebụ) '' 
* Coding/Scripting '' (Ịmepụta ahụmịhe mmekọrịta na web) '' 
* Ihe owuwu (Ịghọta ụyọkọ Ịntanetị) '' (Ịghọta ihe ntanetị n'ịntanetị) ''

=== Njikọ ===
Mozilla Foundation bụ òtù na-enweghị uru nke na-akwalite mmeghe, ihe ọhụrụ na itinye aka na Ịntanetị. O mepụtara Map Ịgụ na Ịgụ na Ụba Web na mkparịta ụka ya na ndị nwere mmasị na agụmakwụkwọ na agụmakọta, yana ụlọ ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;weblitmap&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;whitepaper&quot;&gt;Belshaw, D.A.J. &amp; Smith, K.L. [https://mozilla.github.io/webmaker-whitepaper/ &quot;Why Mozilla cares about Web Literacy&quot;]. Retrieved 2 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;A na-akọwa ịgụ na ide na weebụ dị ka &quot;nkà na ikike dị mkpa maka ịgụ, ide na isonye na weebụ&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;weblitmap&quot; /&gt;Ọrụ na ihe a na-akpọbu Web Literacy 'Standard' malitere na mbido afọ 2013. E wepụtara mbipụta 1.0 na Mozilla Festival n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;boingboing&quot;&gt;[http://boingboing.net/2013/10/28/web-literacy-standard-1-0-from.html Web Literacy Standard 1.0 from Mozilla]. BoingBoing. Retrieved 12 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;N'ịga n'ihu, a hụrụ 'ụkpụrụ' ka ọ bụ nsogbu ma na-emegide ụkpụrụ nke ihe ndị obodo Mozilla na-anwa imezu.&lt;ref name=&quot;weblitstandard&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20150212130408/http://dougbelshaw.com/blog/2014/01/15/web-literacy-map/ The Web Literacy Standard is dead (long live the Web Literacy Map!)]. Doug Belshaw's blog. Retrieved 12 February 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ịkekọrịta (Ịmepụta ihe ntanetị na ndị ọzọ) '' (Na-emepụta ihe ntanetị na ndị ọzọ) ''
* Imekọ ihe ọnụ (Inye ohere ịnweta ihe onwunwe weebụ) '' (Inye ohere ịnweta ihe ntanetị) ''
* Ntinye aka n'obodo '' (Ịtinye aka na obodo weebụ na ịghọta omume ha) '' 
* Nzuzo '' (Na-enyocha nsonaazụ nke ịkekọrịta data n'ịntanetị) '' 
* Open Practices '' (Nkwado iji mee ka web dị ka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ) '' 

== Hụkwa ==

* [[Nchekwa onwe na Cyber|Nchebe Onwe Onye]]
* Ịgụ na ide na kọmputa
* Ịgụ na ide dijitalụ
* Ịgụ na ide ihe ọmụma
* Ịgụ na ide nke mgbasa ozi

== Ihe odide ==
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    <title>Elizabeth Alden Curtis Holman</title>
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      <text bytes="7190" sha1="erojn2lpbdlm47ipr7uezofvdpmwm5a" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Holman_5537492612_6d103b97a6_o.jpg|thumb]]
Elizabeth Alden Curtis Holman (August 12, 1879 - ?) bụ onye odee America bụ onye gbara akwụkwọ na 1914 Ụlọikpe Federal United States na-ekpebi n'ịchịkọta ụlọ ọrụ mmanye. 

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Elizabeth Alden Curtis na August 12, 1879, na Hartford, Connecticut, nye Dr. Jonathan Strong Curtis, onye dọkịta si Epsom, New Hampshire, na nwunye ya nke abụọ, Susan Brandt. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Dr. Jomnathan S Curtis Death of One of the Foremost Physicians in Hartford|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/595066732/?article=1c5a1d6e-c38f-49e5-a65f-9bd9b9167555&amp;focus=0.30277887,0.4106908,0.4376285,0.8284784&amp;xid=3355|accessdate=20 October 2023|work=The Morning Journal-Courier|date=April 1, 1897|page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''[[1880 United States Federal Census]]''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:File:Elizabeth Curtis Holman (passport application, 1921).jpg|Elizabeth Curtis Holman passport application]] from 21 January 1921&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ bụ nwa nwanne nwanyị nke U.S. Attorney General John W. Griggs. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|journal=Saturday Evening Post|title=The Old Lady Who Could Not Be Fooled|date=January 13, 1900|volume=172|issue=29|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112003633598&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=17|accessdate=14 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na 19 June 1901, ọ lụrụ Cranston Brenton ma ha mụrụ nwa nwoke Jonathan (ma e mechara kpọọ ya William) na 1906 onye tolitere ịbụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na redio. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=U.S., School Yearbooks, 1900-2016 Connecticut, Hartford. Trinity College 1902|url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/cs/offers/join?dbid=1265&amp;gsfn&amp;gsln&amp;h=244596859&amp;sub=281474977005568&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.co.uk%2Fdiscoveryui-content%2Fview%2F244596859%3A1265%3Ftid%3D%26pid%3D%26queryId%3D04202bca87559dfe0a039746d48c7e7c%26_phsrc%3DACJ321%26_phstart%3DsuccessSource|accessdate=2023-07-08|work=www.ancestry.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=1930 United States Federal Census|url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/cs/offers/join?dbid=6224&amp;gsfn&amp;gsln&amp;h=41905485&amp;sub=2550866976735232&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.co.uk%2Fdiscoveryui-content%2Fview%2F41905485%3A6224|accessdate=2023-07-08|work=www.ancestry.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;Mmiri riri ya na Osimiri Hudson nke New York City, mgbe ọ dị afọ 29.&lt;ref&gt;''New York, New York, U.S., Index to Death Certificates, 1862-1948''&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 1912, di ya na ndị dibịa nyere ya aka na mgbapu Brattleboro Insane, ruo mgbe a manyere ya inye di ya Cranston Brenton akwụkwọ nkwupụta ederedenke ebubo ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi ya na di ya n'ọdịnihu bụ Frederic Ernest Holman. 

Na 1914, ọ chọrọ $50,000 na mmebi maka ntọọrọ ya megide Hartford, Connecticut abụọ, ndị dibịa, Paul Waterman na Oliver C. Smith, na di ya mbụ, Rev. Cranston Brenton nke Yonkers.New York.Ọ bụ onye isi nke Social Service Commission nke Protestant Episcopal Church na New York State. Na ikpe onye nlekọta ogologo oge nke Brattleboro Retreat, Dr. Shaller E. Lawton, gbara akaebe na Holman &quot;nwere nkwarụ n'omume na nke uche.&quot; Agbanyeghị, ndị ọka iwu weputara akwụkwọ sitere na ịgba alụkwaghịm nke Reverend Brenton nke megidere nkwupụta ahụ nke Lawton, na-eke ujo n'ime ụlọ ikpe, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=New-York Tribune 26 Jun 1914, page Page 1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/79055294/|accessdate=2023-07-08|work=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;head&quot;&gt;

O meriri $ 4,000 (nke ya na $ 117,000 ) na mmebi na ụgwọ ya megide Branston na Waterman.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=$4,000 For Mrs. Holman. She Wins a Verdict Against Her Former Husband and One Physician.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1914/06/26/archives/4000-for-mrs-holman-she-wins-a-verdict-against-her-former-husband-a.html|quote=Elizabeth Alden Curtis Holman of Waterville, Maine, came into court at 6:20 o clock this evening with a verdict of $4.000 and costs against her former ...|work=The New York Times|date=June 26, 1914|accessdate=2011-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=New-York Tribune 26 Jun 1914, page Page 1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/79055294/|accessdate=2023-07-08|work=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Eprel 1913, ọ lụrụ Frederic Ernest Holman, onye na-ahụ maka ego, mgbe ya na Brenton gbara alụkwaghịm, onye nọgidere na-elekọta nwa ha nwoke, William. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rutland Daily Herald 17 Jun 1914, page 5|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/533613879/|accessdate=2023-07-08|work=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Frederic Holman nwụrụ na Jenụwarị 1922 na Norway, Maine, n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe di na nwunye ahụ kwagara ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Morning Sentinel 24 Jan 1922, page 7|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/851482534/|accessdate=2023-07-08|work=Newspapers.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1923, ọ lụrụ Martin Sylvester Tidd, onye ọchụnta ego inshọransị si Boston.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/851317322/?terms=Elizabeth%20Curtis%20Holman&amp;match=1|title=Social News and Gossip|work=Evening Express|date=17 November 1923|page=16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ide ihe ==
Elizabeth Alden Curtis Holman bụkwa onye edemede, na-ebipụta n'okpuru aha dị iche iche dabere na ọnọdụ alụmdi na nwunye ya. N'afọ 1900, a kpọtụrụ ya aha n'otu isiokwu nke magazin The Nation dị ka onye America na-ede uri na-arụ ọrụ na &quot;echiche, dị ọcha, na ọbụna na-atọ ụtọ&quot; nke Rubaiyat. Dị ka &quot;Elizabeth Curtis Brenton,&quot; o nwere akwụkwọ ozi ndị pụtara na ''The New York Times'' Saturday Review of Books na 1901 na 1905. N'afọ 1902, o bipụtara otu akwụkwọ The Lament of Baba Tahir, ederede Persian, n'okpuru aha Elizabeth Curtis Brenton; n'afọ 1912, E. A. Curtis na F. E. Holman (na-alụbeghị di) tinyere akwụkwọ maka ikike nwebisiinka maka egwuregwu o dere, dabere na Alice in Wonderland. N'afọ 1912, o bipụtara egwuregwu akpọrọ The Norseman . O bipụtakwara uri na magazin Connecticut The Crisis, na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ.

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Bābā-Ṭāhir, , Edward Heron-Allen, na Elizabeth A. Curtis. ''Abụ Ákwá nke Baba Tahir: Ịbụ Ruba'iyat nke Baba Tahit, Hamadani ('uryan) '' ederede Persian Ed. , Annotated na Tr. site n'aka Edward Heron-Allen, na Rendered into English Verse site n'akwụkwọ Elizabeth Curtis Brenton. London: B. Quaritch, 1902. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/977483602]
* Curtis, Elizabeth A. The Norseman; a Drama in Four Acts, nke Elizabeth Alden Curtis. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t6930p97z]
* Omar, Khayyam, na Elizabeth A. Curtis. ''Otu narị Quatrains sitere na Rubáiyát nke Omar Khayyám: A Rendering in English Verse''. Gouverneur, NY: Ụmụnne nke Akwụkwọ, 1899. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/977903892]

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Ọrụ Elizabeth Alden Curtis Holman ma ọ bụ banyere yanaEbe Ndebe Ihe Ochie n'Intanet
* Ọrụ Elizabeth Alden Curtis HolmannaLibriVox (Akwụkwọ ndị a na-ege ntị n'ógbè ọha na eze)</text>
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'''Ụlọ Ọgwụ [[Kelsey Harrison]]''' bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nke steeti dị na Port Harcourt, isi obodo steeti Rivers. A na-akpọ ya New Niger Hospital na mbụ ma nọgide na-akpọ ya aha ahụ ruo 2009 mgbe a gbanwere ya ma nye ya aha Kelsey Harrison, prọfesọ a ma ama n'ụwa niile na ngalaba Obstetrics na Gynaecology. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ megheere ọha na eze na Jenụwarị 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=7371|title=Nigeria Rivers State: Reform and Resource and Governance|work=[[The African Executive|Africanexecutive.com]]|publisher=[[Inter Region Economic Network]]|date=2013-08-31|accessdate=2014-06-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912050317/http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=7371|archivedate=2015-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bụ nke Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Emenike Street, Diobu, ụlọ ọgwụ Kelsey Harrison na-enye ọtụtụ ọgwụ, [[Nne|ịmụ nwa]], ihe mberede na enyemaka ngwá ngwá, ịgwọ ụmụaka, nnyocha ahụ, nlekọta nwa ọhụrụ yana ọrụ ịwa ahụ maka ndị na-abịa ebe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;tide newspaper&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2013/01/07/kelsey-harrison-hospital-begins-operations-today/|title=Kelsey Harrison Hospital Begins Operations, Today|author=Nengia|first=Kevin|date=2013-01-07|work=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]|publisher=Rivers State Newspaper Corporation|accessdate=2014-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ihe dị ka àkwà otu narị na iri ise maka ndị ọrịa, ebe ọ bụkwa International Trauma and Care Centre (ITCC) na-elekọta ya.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://governor.riversstate.gov.ng/projects/hospitals/|title=Hospitals|accessdate=3 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719072834/http://governor.riversstate.gov.ng/projects/hospitals/|archivedate=19 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;scannews&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://scannewsnigeria.com/news/rivers-ultra-modern-kelsey-harrison-hospital-to-commence-operation-on-monday-7/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111095931/http://scannewsnigeria.com/news/rivers-ultra-modern-kelsey-harrison-hospital-to-commence-operation-on-monday-7/|archivedate=11 January 2013|title=Rivers: Ultra Modern Kelsey Harrison Hospital To Commence Operation On Monday 7|author=Iruoma|first=Blessing|publisher=ScanNews Nigeria|date=2013-01-07|accessdate=2014-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2013, ụlọ ọgwụ Kelsey Harrison deturu ịmụ nwa mbụ ya kemgbe ọ nwetachara nnukwu mmelite. Ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ dị kilogram 3.4 aha ya bụ Judith Obilor . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenewswriterng.com/?p=7193|title=Kelsey Harrison Hospital Records First Delivery|work=Thenewswriterng.com|publisher=Writers House Printing and Publishing Company|date=2013-03-14|accessdate=2014-06-24|archivedate=2014-08-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809210555/http://www.thenewswriterng.com/?p=7193}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Port Harcourt

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Port Harcourt}}</text>
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'''Abdul Ganiyu Ambali''' (amụrụ na 29 Nọvemba 1957) bụ onye nkuzi Naijiria, onye nchịkwa na onye bụbu osote chancellor nke Mahadum Ilorin . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Prof. Abdulganiyu Ambali pagesepsitename%%|url=https://www.channelstv.com/tag/prof-abdulganiyu-ambali/|accessdate=12 August 2017|work=Channels Television}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụkwa onye isi oche nke Association &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Abdulganiyu Ambali – Google Scholar Citations|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xJ-QUz4AAAAJ&amp;hl=en|work=scholar.google.com|accessdate=12 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; West African Universities (AWAU), na onye natara otu n'ime nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke Naịjirịa, CON.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Vice-Chancellor|url=https://www.unilorin.edu.ng/index.php/the-vice-chancellor|work=www.unilorin.edu.ng|accessdate=14 May 2017|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tribute to Prof. AbdulGaniyu Ambali, an uncommon leader @ 59. By Kunle Akogun {{!}} #Ilorin, #Kwara News {{!}} @IlorinInfo|url=http://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=19411|work=www.ilorin.info|accessdate=14 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/prof-ambali-15782240/?ppe=1|title=LinkedIn|author=|first=|date=|work=|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=12 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Abdul Ganiyu Ambali na Ilorin, Kwara State n'ezinụlọ Mall. Ambali Gidado na Oriakụ Husseina Angulu. Ambali gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị na Pakata Primary School, Ilorin, ọ gara McBride Secondary School Jalingo, (nke bụzi Government Secondary School, Jalingo) na Taraba State, Nigeria.E nyere Abdul agụmakwụkwọ site n'aka gọọmentị Borno Steeti iji nweta akara ugo mmụta na ọgwụ anụmanụ na [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]] nke ọ gụsịrị na 1981. O nwere nzere masta na nzere doctorate na Mahadum Liverpool, United Kingdom.Ambali ghọrọ onye otu College of Veterinary Surgeons of Nigeria, (MCVSN) na 2004 na Fellow of College of Veterinaary Surgeones of Nigeria (FCVSN). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iau-aiu.net/Abdul-Ganiyu-AMBALI|title=Abdul Ganiyu AMBALI – IAU|work=www.iau-aiu.net|accessdate=2019-04-17|archivedate=2019-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417140827/https://www.iau-aiu.net/Abdul-Ganiyu-AMBALI}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Abdul Ganiyu malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye enyemaka na Mahadum Maiduguri ozugbo ọ rụchara ọrụ mba ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Ministry of Rural &amp; Community Development, Kano na 1982. Ambali ghọrọ Prọfesọ n'afọ 1995. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu National Universities Commission (NUC), Veterinary Council of Nigeria (VCN), Department of Livestock Services of the Federal Livestock Department, Federal Ministry of Agriculture, na-enyocha ikikere nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ.Dị ka osote chancellor nke Mahadum nke Ilorin, o kwuru na &quot;ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya maka mahadum ahụ bụ ka ọ bụrụ otu egwuregwu na Africa&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Our target is to become Africa's best varsity – UNILORIN VC -|url=http://www.theeagleonline.com.ng/our-target-is-to-become-africas-best-varsity-unilorin-vc/|accessdate=14 May 2017|work=www.theeagleonline.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vice-Chancellor, University of Ilorin, Prof. AbdulGaniyu Ambali|url=http://akahitutors.org/entries/unilorin-2/vice-chancellor-university-of-ilorin-prof-abdulganiyu-ambali|work=akahitutors.org|accessdate=12 August 2017|archivedate=13 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813054943/http://akahitutors.org/entries/unilorin-2/vice-chancellor-university-of-ilorin-prof-abdulganiyu-ambali}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ==
Ambali jere ozi dị ka onye ọrụ nchịkọta maka ntuli aka onye isi ala nke 2015 na Naịjirịa na onye ọrụ na-alaghachi maka ntuliaka Gọvanọ maka steeti Niger. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/communities/student/global-performers-standard-of-education-is-not-falling-in-nigeria-prof-ambali/69tb718|title=Standard of education is not falling in Nigeria — Prof Ambali|date=27 July 2015|work=www.pulse.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-04-18|archivedate=2019-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418124416/https://www.pulse.ng/communities/student/global-performers-standard-of-education-is-not-falling-in-nigeria-prof-ambali/69tb718}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ na onyinye ==
Ambali bụ onye natara ọtụtụ onyinye ụfọdụ n'ime ha gụnyere

* Ihe nrite Veterinarian, 2013, site na Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association (NVMA) 
* '''Onye otu sayensị nke Naịjirịa (SAN) '''
* '''Onye otu Institute of Corporate Administration of Nigeria'''
* '''Onye otu Solar Energy Society nke Naịjirịa'''
* &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/ambali-professor-abdul-ganiyu/|title=National Merit Award|author=Admin|date=17 April 2019|work=Biography Legacy and Research Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''National Merit Award of Officer of the Order of the Niger (OON) ''' site na Gọọmentị Federal nke Naijiria.

== Arụmụka ==
Legit kọrọ na House of Representatives Standing Committee on Tertiary Education and Services chụpụrụ ya mgbe ọ na-akọwaghị ego e kenyere maka ọtụtụ ọrụ na 2015. Kọmitii ahụ jụrụ ileba anya na mmefu ego nke mahadum nke afọ 2016 na-ekwu na nke afọ 2015 jupụtara na esemokwu. E hotara otu onye otu kọmitii ahụ Hon. Kehinde Odeneye ka ọ na-ekwu &quot;Ụbọchị ole ka a nọrọ na họtel na ndị bụ ndị ọbịa ị kwadoro? Mgbe ahụ, nde N100 ọzọ maka enyemaka maka ngalaba ọhụrụ n'agwaghị anyị n'ezie ole ha dị na ihe ndị dị mkpa maka ọpụpụ. Ọzọkwa, nde N50 na ụlọ ọrụ na nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe. A na-enweta nke a na-enweghị nkọwa zuru ezu. &quot;  Mgbe ahụ, a na-arụzi ụlọ nke na-enweghịkwa nkọwa.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ambali lụrụ di ma nwee ụmụ, ihe ntụrụndụ ya bụ ịgba bọọlụ, ikiri ihe nkiri anụ ọhịa na ige egwu.

== Ihe odide ==
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[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi dị ndụ]]
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    <title>Elizabeth Dawes</title>
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
&lt;ref name=&quot;Sketch&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A344AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA237|journal=[[The Sketch]]|title=Small Talk|date=29 May 1895|volume=X|accessdate=2023-09-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''Elizabeth Anna Sophia Dawes''' (1864-1954) bụ onye ọkà mmụta oge ochie nke Britain na narị afọ nke 19 na nwanyị mbụ natara nzere DLitt na Mahadum London .

== Oge ọ malitere ==
mụrụ Elizabeth na 7 Nọvemba 1864 na Surbiton, England. Na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke afọ 1881, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, edepụtara ya dị ka &quot;onye ọkà mmụta&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dawes|first=Elizabeth A. S.|title=UK Census Records|url=http://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=uki1881&amp;indiv=try&amp;h=21638817|work=Ancestry.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sketch&quot; /&gt;'oge a, ezinụlọ ahụ, nke nna ya bụ Revd John Samuel, nne ya bụ Anna Sophia Elizabeth (ma ọ bụ a na-akpọ Elizabeth Anna Sophia, dị ka ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' si kwuo) &lt;ref name=&quot;ODNB&quot;&gt; na ụmụ asatọ, bi na Newton House na Maple Road na Surbiton.

Nwanne &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Assinder|first=Semele|title=Greece in British Women's Writing, 1866-1915 (PhD dissertation)|date=2012|url=http://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=44CAM_MANUSCRPDB38998&amp;context=L&amp;vid=44CAM_TEST&amp;search_scope=default_scope&amp;tab=default_tab&amp;lang=en_US}}&lt;/ref&gt; nwanyị nke okenye Mary Clara Dawes  bụkwa onye ọkà mmụta, na nwanyị mbụ natara Masters na Arts.Mary Clara Dawes gafere ule agụmakwụkwọ na Jenụwarị 1879 wee bụrụ onye nke anọ na ndepụta nke masters nke nka maka Mahadum London na Julaị 1884.&lt;ref name=&quot;Faithfull&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Faithfull|first=Emily|title=Three Visits to America|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.82170|date=1884|publisher=Fowler &amp; Wells Co., Publishers|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Master&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ladies in the London University|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=coU-AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA10|accessdate=20 June 2020|work=The Illustrated London News|page=81|date=July 5, 1884}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BowBells&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=The First Lady Master of Arts|work=Bow bells : a magazine of general literature and art for family reading|date=October 23, 1884|page=420}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Dawes nọrọ otu afọ  Bedford College, London tupu ọ banye akwụkwọ dị ka Scholar na Girton College, Mahadum Cambridge. O nwetara akara dị mma na Classical Tripos mana, dị ka iwu dị n'oge ahụ, enweghị ike gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Cambridge na nzere. Ezigbo nsonaazụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Breay|first=Claire|year=1999|chapter=Women and the Classical Tripos 1869 – 1914|editor=Stray|title=Classics in 19th and 20th Century Cambridge: Curriculum, Culture and Community|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge Philological Society}}&lt;/ref&gt; dị ịrịba ama n'ihi na ụmụ agbọghọ na-enwetakarị agụmakwụkwọ dị ala karịa ụmụ nwoke ibe ha, nke a na-asụgharịkarị na akara dị ala na Tripos.

&lt;ref name=&quot;Review&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=University Intelligence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EIC_DQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT120|accessdate=20 June 2020|work=The Englishwoman's Review of Social and Industrial Questions|date=1895|author=Murray|first=Janet Horowitz}}&lt;/ref&gt; mechara nweta BA na Mahadum nke London, yana ịbụ nwanyị mbụ natara DLitt na Mahadim nke London, na 1895.  Isi okwu nke edemede ya bụ The Pronunciation of Greek with Suggestions for a Reform in Teaching that Language, na-egosi mmasị n'oge na-adịghị anya na mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ nke ga-anọgide n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị.

== Ọrụ ==
N'adịghị ka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị nke Oge Victorian, Dawes nwere ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Almanack&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord 1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHA3AAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA945|first=Joseph|author=Whitaker|publisher=[[Whitaker's Almanack]]|date=1914|accessdate=2023-09-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; mgbakwunye na prọfesọ e nwere na Bryn Mawr College na US n'oge afọ agụmakwụkwọ 1886-87, mgbe ọ dị naanị afọ 22, ọ bụ onyeisi ụlọ akwụkwọ na Surrey ya na nwanne ya nwanyị Mary. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dawes|first=Elizabeth|title=The Alexiad of the Princess Anna Comnena : being the history of the reign of her father, Alexius I, Emperor of the Romans, 1081-1118 A.D.|date=1928|publisher=Kegan Paul|location=London|url=http://librarysearch.rhul.ac.uk/44ROY_VU2:LSCOP_44ROY_ALL:44ROY_ALMA_DS2122250030002671}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 1928, ọ sụgharịrị ''Alexiad'' nke Anna Comnena site na Grik gaa na Bekee. [1] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Comnena|first=Anna|year=2015|title=The Alexiad|publisher=Masterworks Classics|isbn=978-1-6273-0130-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka na-ebipụta ọrụ ahụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 90 ka e mesịrị.

== Ndụ e mesịrị ==
Dawes nwụrụ na Weybridge na 19 Ọgọstụ 1954.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-surrey-advertiser-county-times-deat/131102394/|title=Death of Dr. Elizabeth Dawes|work=[[Surrey Advertiser]]|page=8|date=1954-08-28|accessdate=2023-09-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ ==
 

* ''Nkwupụta nke Grik na aro maka mgbanwe na nkuzi asụsụ ahụ'' (1889) 
* ''Okwu Latin oge ochie maka ụlọ akwụkwọ na kọleji'' (1890) 
* ''Attic Greek okwu maka ụlọ akwụkwọ na kọleji'' (1890) 
* Nkwupụta nke ndị Gris aspirates (1894) 

== Ihe odide ==
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    <title>Elizabeth Vandiver</title>
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'''Elizabeth Vandiver''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1956) bụ onye America na-amụ ihe gbasara oge ochie.  bụ Clement Biddle Penrose Prọfesọ nke Latin na Classics na Whitman College, ebe ọ kụziri na Mahadum Maryland, College Park. natara prestigious Excellence in Teaching Award site na American Philological Association na 1998. O nwetara onyinye maka nkuzi ya na Mahadum Northwestern na Mahadim Georgia . &lt;ref name=&quot;Edwards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.whitman.edu/newsroom/headline-news/2013-whitman-faculty-awards-recognize-excellence-in-teaching-scholarship-and-advising|title=Edwards Award|accessdate=2013-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609155658/http://www.whitman.edu/newsroom/headline-news/2013-whitman-faculty-awards-recognize-excellence-in-teaching-scholarship-and-advising|archivedate=2013-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ọnwa Mee afọ 2013, e nyere ya &quot;G. Thomas Edwards Award for Excellence in Teaching and Scholarship&quot; nke Whitman College, ihe nrite kachasị elu nke Whitman University na-enye onye otu ngalaba.

== Ọrụ ==

== Akwụkwọ ==

* ''Heroes in Herodotus: The Interaction of Myth and History''&lt;ref name=&quot;Vandiver, Elizabeth, 1956–1991&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Heroes in Herodotus : the interaction of myth and history|author=Vandiver, Elizabeth, 1956-|date=1991|publisher=P. Lang|isbn=3631431686|location=Frankfurt am Main|oclc=22708745}}&lt;/ref&gt;''.'' Oxford University Press, 2013.
* ''Luther's Lives: Two Contemporary Accounts of Martin Luther''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Luther's lives : two contemporary accounts of Martin Luther|date=2002|publisher=Manchester University Press|others=Vandiver, Elizabeth, 1956-, Keen, Ralph., Frazel, Thomas D.|isbn=142370634X|location=Manchester, UK|oclc=191941895}}&lt;/ref&gt;'','' translated and edited by Elizabeth Vandiver, Ralph Keen, and Thomas D. Frazel. Manchester University Press, 2003.
* ''Stand in the Trench, Achilles: Classical Receptions in British Poetry of the Great War''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Stand in the Trench, Achilles : Classical Receptions in British Poetry of the Great War.|author=Vandiver, Elizabeth.|date=2010|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=9780191572807|location=Oxford|oclc=714569785}}&lt;/ref&gt; Peter Lang, 1991.

== Edensibịa ==
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[[Usòrò:The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled_-_PIA17172.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Foto zuru oke nke Saturn nke ''Cassini'' sere na July 19, 2013]]
[[Usòrò:The_Day_The_Earth_Smiled_-_Preview.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Enwere ike ịhụ [[Àlà|Ụwa]] dị ka ntụpọ na acha anụnụ anụnụ n'okpuru mgbanaka nke Saturn.]]
[[Usòrò:The_Faces_of_'Wave_at_Saturn'.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|photomosaic sitere na mkpọsa NASA &quot;Wave at Saturn&quot;. Collage ahụ gụnyere ihe dị ka foto 1,600 nke ndị mmadụ sere n'ụbọchị ụwa na akwa emo.]]
The Day the Earth Smiled bụ foto jikọtara ọnụ nke ụgbọ mbara igwe NASA ''Cassini'' wepụtara na July 19, 2013. N'oge [[Ikuku chi jiri n'ehihie|chi jiri n'ehihie]], ụgbọ mbara igwe ahụ tụgharịrị iji see Saturn na ọtụtụ n'ime usoro mgbanaka ya a na ahụ anya, yana [[Àlà|Ụwa]] na Ọnwa dị ka ntụpọ dị anya. Ụgbọ mbara igwe ahụ were foto yiri nke ahụ ugboro abụọ (na 2006 na 2012) n'ime afọ itoolu gara aga na agba gburugburu mbara ala. Aha ahụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA17171|title=Catalog Page for PIA17171|publisher=[[NASA]]'s [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;-ezo aka n'ihe omume ndị metụtara ihe omume ahụ, yana ihe osise foto nke e ji mee ya.

&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Jones|first=Jonathan|title=People of Earth, say cheese! Nasa to take everyone's picture from space|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2013/jun/19/saturn-nasa-earth-picture-cassini|accessdate=28 June 2013|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=19 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Porco&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Porco|first=Carolyn|title=NASA's Cassini Cameras to Provide Breathtaking Image of Earth from Saturn|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/06/celebrating-saturn.html|accessdate=2 July 2013|work=[[PBS]]|date=18 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ịbụ nke onye ọkà mmụta sayensị mbara ala Carolyn Porco, onye isi otu ihe oyiyi maka ''Cassini'', chepụtara, echiche ahụ kpọrọ ndị ụwa ka ha chee echiche banyere ọnọdụ ha na mbara igwe, iji mee ihe ịtụnanya na ndụ n'ụwa, na, n'oge e sere foto ndị ahụ, ile anya ma mụmụọ ọnụ ọchị na ememe.

Mosaic ikp&lt;ref name=&quot;Overbye&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Overbye|first=Dennis|title=The View From Saturn|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/12/science/space/the-view-from-saturn.html|accessdate=12 November 2013|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=12 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; e jidere na July 19, nke a na edozi na Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations (CICLOPS), a tọhapụrụ ọha na eze na November 12, 2013. &lt;ref name=&quot;Madrigal&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Madrigal|first=Alexis|title=The Carl Sagan of Our Time Reprises the 'Pale Blue Dot' Photo of Earth|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/11/the-carl-sagan-of-our-time-reprises-the-pale-blue-dot-photo-of-earth/281414/|accessdate=12 November 2013|work=[[The Atlantic]]|date=12 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;JPLDES&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Day the Earth Smiled|url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA17172|publisher=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory|accessdate=15 November 2013|archivedate=21 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121110950/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA17172}}&lt;/ref&gt; ahụ gụnyere Ụwa, Mars, Venus, na ọtụtụ ọnwa Saturnian. &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;s na eji igwefoto ''Cassini'' dị warara were onyinyo dị elu, nke na egosi ụwa na [[Ọnwa]] dị ka ebe dị iche iche nke ìhè, ma wepụta ya n'oge na adịghị anya.

== Ihe omume ==
Nnyocha ''Cassini'' sere foto nke Ụwa na Ọnwa site na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu ijeri kilomita n'elekere 21:27 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]], July 19, 2013. A haziri ọtụtụ ihe omume iji mee emume ahụ:

* E guzobere ebe nrụọrụ weebụ dị ka ọnụ ụzọ maka ihe omume ndị metụtara July 19. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Day the Earth Smiled|url=http://thedaytheearthsmiled.com/info.php|accessdate=2 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime ya, Porco gbara ụwa ume ime emume ndụ na mbara ala Ụwa na ihe ụmụ mmadụ rụzuru na nyocha nke usoro anyanwụ.
* Ndị &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Day the Earth Smiled|url=http://www.astronomerswithoutborders.org/projects/the-day-the-earth-smiled.html|publisher=Astronomers Without Borders|accessdate=2 July 2013|archivedate=11 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011152448/http://www.astronomerswithoutborders.org/projects/the-day-the-earth-smiled.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;-enyocha mbara igwe na enweghị ókèala haziri ihe omume mba ụwa. [1]
* &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/newsreleases/newsrelease20040618/|title=Cassini to Take Photo of Earth from Deep Space|publisher=saturn.jpl.nasa.gov|accessdate=2013-06-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622053829/http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/newsreleases/newsrelease20040618/|archivedate=2013-06-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;NASA butere ihe omume yiri ya nke a na-akpọ 'Wave at Saturn' &quot;iji nyere aka kweta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke interplanetary ka a na ewere ya&quot;.
* Ụlọ ọrụ Porco, Diamond Sky Productions, mere asọmpi &quot;Message to the Milky Way&quot;. Ndị mmadụ nwere ike itinye foto dijitalụ e wepụtara na Julaị 19 na / ma ọ bụ egwu egwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Message to the Milky Way|url=http://diamondskyproductions.com/recent/index.php#mmw|work=diamondskyproductions.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; na eziga ntinye mmeri dị ka ozi nye ndị extra-terrestrials, &quot;n'ime Milky Way site na Arecibo Radio Telescope na Puerto Rico&quot;. Nke a na agbaso ihe nlereanya e debere na 1974, mgbe mgbalị mbụ siri ike maka nkwurịta okwu na mmepeanya ndị ọzọ, Ozi Arecibo, sitere na Arecibo.

== Nsonaazụ ==
A nabatara ihe oyiyi sitere na Cassini n'ụwa n'oge na adịghị anya ka ihe omume ahụ gasịrị, na foto ole na ole edoziri - ihe oyiyi dị elu nke Ụwa na Ọnwa, na obere akụkụ nke mosaic obosara ikpeazụ nke na egosi Ụwa   ka ewepụtara ya. ọha ụbọchị ole na ole na-eso usoro onyonyo Julaị 19.

Nhazi nke mosaic zuru ezu mere &lt;ref name=&quot;PorcoNov12&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Porco|first=Carolyn|title=Viewpoint: Saturn snapped as Earth smiled|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-24913141|accessdate=15 November 2013|work=[[BBC News]]|date=12 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; CICLOPS n'okpuru nduzi Porco n'ime ihe dịka ọnwa abụọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;JPLDES&quot;/&gt;'ime awa anọ ọ were ''Cassini'' iji see foto niile 647,808 kilomita (402,529 mi) -obosara, ụgbọ mbara igwe ahụ weghaara ngụkọta nke ihe oyiyi 323, nke 141 n'ime ha ji mee ihe na mosaic. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hotz&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hotz|first=David Lee|title=Saturn from the Dark Side|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/photojournal/2013/11/13/saturn-from-the-dark-side/|accessdate=15 November 2013|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=13 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; kpughere na ihe oyiyi a gosipụtara oge mbụ mbara ala anọ - Saturn, Earth, Mars, na Venus - ka ụgbọ elu ''Cassini'' jidere n'otu oge n'ìhè a na ahụ anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones&quot;/&gt; bụkwa oge mbụ ndị ụwa maara tupu oge eruo na a ga ewere foto ha na usoro anyanwụ dị n'èzí.

&lt;ref name=&quot;Page&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Page|first=Lewis|title=SPACE, the FINAL FRONTIER: These are the images of the star probe Cassini|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/11/13/space_the_final_frontier_these_are_the_images_of_the_star_probe_cassini/|accessdate=15 November 2013|work=[[The Register]]|date=13 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke &lt;ref name=&quot;ElMundo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=La Tierra, un punto azul diminuto tras los anillos de Saturno|url=http://www.elmundo.es/ciencia/2013/11/13/528355f80ab740b4358b456b.html|accessdate=15 November 2013|work=El Mundo|date=13 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke ikpeazụ The Day the Earth Smiled mosaic na Nọvemba 12, 2013, zutere nnukwu mkpọtụ na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi gburugburu ụwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Madrigal&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Overbye&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Boyle&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Boyle|first=Alan|title=Planets galore! Saturn probe's big pic finally unveiled|url=http://photoblog.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/11/12/21423806-planets-galore-saturn-probes-big-pic-finally-unveiled|accessdate=15 November 2013|work=[[NBC News]]|date=12 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;NYTcover&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/images/2013/11/13/nytfrontpage/scan.pdf|title=Saturn and Its Rings, a Wide View|date=13 November 2013|work=The New York Times|accessdate=12 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; oyiyi ahụ mara mma 'ihu akwụkwọ akụkọ ''The New York Times'' n'ụbọchị na esote. [1] [2] Ndị mmadụ gụnyere onye -emepụta mgbasa ozi Seth MacFarlane toro onyinyo ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Allen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Allen|first=Erin|title=Portraits of the Solar System: Talking with Carolyn Porco About Carl Sagan|url=http://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2013/11/portraits-of-the-solar-system-talking-with-carolyn-porco-about-carl-sagan/|accessdate=15 November 2013|work=The Library of Congress Blog|date=14 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụkwa Carolyn Porco gosipụtara mosaic ahụ, ma nyefee ya onye na enyocha mbara igwe Carl Sagan, n'ememe na Library of Congress iji sọpụrụ nnweta ya nke akwụkwọ Sagan. [1] &lt;ref name=&quot;JPLWave&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Faces of 'Wave at Saturn'|date=11 November 2013|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/multimedia/jpl/pia17679.html#.UoV1uY3pUXx|publisher=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory|accessdate=15 November 2013|archivedate=14 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314205143/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/multimedia/jpl/pia17679.html#.UoV1uY3pUXx}}&lt;/ref&gt; mgbakwunye, a tọhapụrụ ihe oyiyi nke ndị otu 1,600 nke ọha na eze nyere na mkpọsa NASA's Wave at Saturn na Nọvemba 12. [1]

== Hụkwa ==

* ''Marble na-acha anụnụ anụnụ''
* Abụ Mba
* Ụbọchị Ụwa
* ''Uto nke Ụwa''
* ''Ebe Na-acha Ọcha''
* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwjw&quot;&gt;Foto Ezinụlọ nke Usoro Anyanwụ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Selfie nke mbara igwe

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://thedaytheearthsmiled.com/ Ụbọchị Ụwa na-akwa ọchị ebe nrụọrụ weebụ]
* Raw Images E debere  Wayback Machine
{{Cassinimission}}{{2013 in space}}{{Saturn}}{{NASA space program}}</text>
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    <title>Ịkpọ òkù Congo</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="2422" sha1="s79geytmcoyxk15rw99a07wxmb3dudw" xml:space="preserve">. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Le|first=Phuong|date=2021-10-25|title=Congo Calling review – idealism and reality collide|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/oct/25/congo-calling-review-idealism-and-reality-collide|accessdate=2024-02-26|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Melkweg&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Melkweg|title=Congo Calling|url=https://filmmoon.com/movie/12901/congo-calling|accessdate=2024-02-26|work=Film Moon|language=en|archivedate=2024-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226162341/https://filmmoon.com/movie/12901/congo-calling}}&lt;/ref&gt;Kpọọ Congo bụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ 2019 nke Stephan Hilpert duziri.  Ihe nkiri a na-esote ndị ọrụ mmepụta Europe atọ na-enwe nsogbu n'ebe iwu mmalite Congo, ebe ha na-eche ihe ịma aka dị iche iche ihu na nsogbu dị iche iche na inyere ndị obodo aka.  Ihe nkiri ahụ na-egosi ihe nkiri n'otu na imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti Europe na Africa, na ihe gosiri otú nke West na-enyere aka

.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Congo Calling (2019)|url=https://www.globalhealthfilm.org/resources/congo-calling-2019|accessdate=2024-02-26|work=Global Health Film}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-02-26|title=Congo Calling: A Documentary Featuring Harris Faculty Asks Tough Questions About Development|url=https://harris.uchicago.edu/news-events/news/congo-calling-documentary-featuring-harris-faculty-asks-tough-questions-about|accessdate=2024-02-26|work=The University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ihe nkiri a na-egosi Raúl, onye France-Spanish fim n'ihe ihe na-eme na-eme nchọpụta òtù nnupụisi;  Peter, onye German nke itela afọ 30 n'Africa ma na-eru nso ịla ezumike nka;  na Anne-Laure, onye Belgium nke onye otu onye Kongo ikpe onye nkatọ dị elu mgbe a ese ya ese.  Ihe nkiri a na-egosi mgba nke onwe ha na nke ihe, yana egosi ha na ndị Kongo, omenala, na-Sososo

. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;Emere ihe nkiri a na Max Ophüls Prize Film Festival na Saarbrücken, Germany, na January 2019, ebe ọ meri ihe nrite ndị na-ege ntĩ maka akwụkwọ kacha mma.  [1] [2] O nwerekwara ihe nrite na mmemme ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ, dị ka DOK.fest Munich, [3] Filmkunstfest MV, na mmemme Cinema nke mba Africa.  E mara ya na ihe nkiri na Germany na August 2019, yana na UK na Ọktoba 2021. [4] Edekwara ya na egwu German na Nọvemba 2019, wee wepụta ya na DVD na VOD na Machị 2020</text>
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    <title>Ịda ogbenye na New Zealand</title>
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{{Databox}}
[[Usòrò:State_Housing_in_Oranga,_Auckland,_1947.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| N'ime oge etiti na mgbe agha gasịrị, gọọmentị ndị nọchiri anya ha kwadoro nnukwu mmemme ụlọ nke steeti .]]
'''Ịda ogbenye na New Zealand''' na-ekwu maka ọnọdụ ịda ogbenye dị na [[New Zealand]] na nha ya. N'agbata 1982 na 2011, nnukwu ngwaahịa ụlọ New Zealand toro site na 35%. &lt;ref name=&quot;NZ income gap at crisis level&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/9182609/NZ-income-gap-at-crisis-level-author|title=NZ income gap at crisis level|publisher=[[Stuff.co.nz]]|date=19 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkara nke mmụba ahụ bụ otu obere ìgwè bụ́ ndị kasị baa ọgaranya ná mba ahụ. N'ime oge a, nkezi ego nke 10% kacha elu nke ndị na-enweta ego na New Zealand (ndị na-enweta ihe karịrị $72,000) &lt;ref name=&quot;NZ income gap at crisis level&quot; /&gt; fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ na-esi na $56,300 ruo $100,200. Nkezi ego nke ụzọ iri kacha daa ogbenye ji naanị 13% gbagoro site na $9700 ruo $11,000. &lt;ref name=&quot;Paradise for a few&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&amp;objectid=10892133|title=Paradise for a few|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=22 June 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230127015505/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&amp;objectid=10892133 &quot;Paradise for a few&quot;]. [[Akwụkwọ akụkọ New Zealand|The New Zealand Herald]]. 22 June 2013.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọnụ ọgụgụ sitere na 2016 na-egosi na ihe dịka 15% nke ndị bi na-ebi na ịda ogbenye, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 9% na 1980s, na 22% na 2004. &lt;/link&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)&quot;&gt;a chọrọ nkọwa&lt;/span&gt;]]'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ndị Statistics New Zealand kwadoro na-eto eto enweghị ahaghị nhata nke na-eji usoro P80/20 na-edobe oke ego ha nwetara. Ọnụọgụ a na-egosi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nnukwu ego ezinụlọ (ndị nọ na pasenti 80) na obere ego ezinụlọ (ndị dị na pasent 20). Oke ahaghị nhatanha mụbara n'etiti 1988 na 2004, wee belata ruo mgbe mmalite nke nsogbu ego zuru ụwa ọnụ na 2008, na-abawanye ọzọ ruo 2011 wee na-agbada ọzọ site na mgbe ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2013, ego a na-atụfu ego nke ezinaụlọ nwere nnukwu ego ji okpukpu abụọ na ọkara buru ibu karịa nke ezinụlọ ndị nwere obere ego. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/snapshots-of-nz/nz-progress-indicators/Home/Social/income-inequality.aspx|title=New Zealand Progress Indicators:Income inequality|publisher=[[Statistics New Zealand]]|date=August 2014|accessdate=22 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịkọwapụta ọdịiche ahụ, 1% kachasị elu nke ndị bi na ya nwere 16% nke akụ na ụba obodo - 5% kasị baa ọgaranya nwere 38% &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/opinion/news/article.cfm?c_id=466&amp;objectid=11347301|title=Brian Fallow: Wealth gap goes mainstream|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=24 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; - ebe ọkara ndị bi na ya, gụnyere ndị na-erite uru na ndị na-erite uru na steeti na ndị ezumike nka, na-enweta ihe na-erughị $24,000. &lt;ref name=&quot;NZ income gap at crisis level&quot;/&gt;

== Ịda ogbenye ==
Na narị afọ nke 21 nchegbu na-eto eto na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke ndị New Zealand, karịsịa ụmụaka, abanyela na ịda ogbenye ebe a na-akọwa ịda ogbenye na ego dị ka ezinụlọ na-ebi n'okpuru 60% nke ego etiti obodo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.childpoverty.co.nz/|title=Child Poverty Monitor|work=Childpoverty.co.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2005, otu akụkọ mba ụwa chọpụtara na otu onye n’ime ụmụaka isii nọ na New Zealand na-etolite na ịda ogbenye - na-eme ka ụmụaka New Zealand bụrụ nke 23 kasị daa ogbenye n’ime mba 26 bara ọgaranya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&amp;objectid=10113242|title=NZ's child poverty rate one of highest|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=2 March 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2009 dịka NCCSS siri kwuo, ihe karịrị ọkara nde ndị New Zealand, gụnyere ụmụaka 163,000 nọ na ịda ogbenye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzccss.org.nz/site/page.php?page_id=276|title=Facts About Poverty in 2009|publisher=New Zealand Council of Christian Social Services|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2022-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119161743/http://www.nzccss.org.nz/site/page.php?page_id=276}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu Ndụmọdụ Ọkachamara nke Kọmishọna Ụmụaka hiwere chọpụtara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụaka na-ada n'okpuru ọnụ ụzọ anọgidewo na-eto eto. N'afọ 2013, ihe dị ka ụmụaka 265,000, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ụmụaka niile nọ na New Zealand, 'na-ada ogbenye ugbu a'. &lt;ref name=&quot;stuff.co.nz&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/9492016/One-in-four-Kiwi-children-living-in-poverty|title=One in four Kiwi children living in poverty|publisher=[[The Dominion Post (Wellington)|The Dominion Post]]|date=9 December 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/9492016/One-in-four-Kiwi-children-living-in-poverty &quot;One in four Kiwi children living in poverty&quot;]. [[The Dominion Post (Wellington)|The Dominion Post]]. 9 December 2013.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Statistics New Zealand na-ebipụtakwa ọtụtụ data gbasara ọdịmma akụ na ụba nke New Zealanders na, na 2012, wepụtara akwụkwọ mkparịta ụka na-egosi mkpa ọ dị maka nkwekọrịta gọọmentị na mmepe nke njirisi bara uru na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị metụtara ịda ogbenye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.occ.org.nz/assets/Uploads/EAG/Working-papers/Statistics-NZ-Measuring-Child-Poverty-final.pdf|publisher=[[Statistics New Zealand]]|title=Measuring child poverty in New Zealand: Issues and practicalities, Paper prepared for the Expert Advisory Group on Solutions to Child Poverty|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2022-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926160714/https://www.occ.org.nz/assets/Uploads/EAG/Working-papers/Statistics-NZ-Measuring-Child-Poverty-final.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugbu a ozi a na-anakọta bụ 'data static' - ọ na-egosi pasentị ụmụ amaala n'okpuru ọkwa ụfọdụ nke ego. Mana New Zealand bụ ihe pụrụ iche n'etiti mba ọdịda anyanwụ OECD n'ihi na ọ naghị anakọta data 'dynamic' nke na-ejide ókè ndị mmadụ na-abanye na ịda ogbenye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/all/files/publications/2397303-mcop-tr-data-on-poverty-in-nz.pdf|title=Data on Poverty in New Zealand|publisher=[[New Zealand Treasury]]|accessdate=2018-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113115218/http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/sites/all/files/publications/2397303-mcop-tr-data-on-poverty-in-nz.pdf|archivedate=2015-01-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2013 ihe karịrị iri na abụọ akụkọ dị iche iche e wepụtara bụ ndị lekwasịrị anya n'okwu a na mkpa ọ dị ịzụlite ụzọ ekwekọrịtara iji kọwaa na tụọ ịda ogbenye. &lt;ref name=&quot;maxim&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://img.scoop.co.nz/media/pdfs/1407/Maxim_Institute_Poverty_Issues_Paper.pdf|title=The Heart of Poverty|author=Kieran Madden|publisher=Maxim Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, Gọọmenti Mba guzogidere mgbalị ndị a na-ekwusi ike na &quot;arụmụka na-adịghị agwụ agwụ banyere nkọwa na nha bụ igbu oge&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;maxim&quot; /&gt; N'ihi na Gọọmenti enweghị mmasị ịkọwa na tụọ nsogbu ahụ, na 2012 Commissioner Children's Commissioner Dr Russell Wills, guzobere otu ndị ọkachamara ndụmọdụ nke mepụtara akụkọ zuru oke, nke a na-akpọ ''Solutions to Child Poverty na New Zealand: Evidence for Action'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.occ.org.nz/assets/Uploads/EAG/Final-report/Final-report-Solutions-to-child-poverty-evidence-for-action.pdf|title=Solutions to Child Poverty in New Zealand: Evidence for Action|work=Occ.org.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke nwere ndụmọdụ 78. ịlụso ịda ogbenye ọgụ. Dọkịnta Wills guzobekwara otu ''Child Poverty Monitor'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.childpoverty.co.nz/|title=Child Poverty Monitor|work=Childpoverty.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; iji gosi ọnọdụ ibi ndụ ụmụaka na New Zealand na-aga n'ihu. &lt;ref name=&quot;stuff.co.nz&quot;/&gt;

== Uto na ọnụọgụgụ na ọdịmma ==
Ihe ndị na-enye aka na uto na ahaghị nhata gụnyere mbelata dị ukwuu n'ụtụ ụtụ isi ego na 1986-88 yana mmụba nke enweghị ọrụ nke Rogernomics kpatara na mkpọka ahịa ngwaahịa nke 1987 bụ nke kpaliri ọtụtụ mmadụ na ọdịmma. &lt;ref name=&quot;The New Zealand Herald&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&amp;objectid=11253734|title=The equality debate: Inequality in NZ under spotlight|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=13 May 2014}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&amp;objectid=11253734 &quot;The equality debate: Inequality in NZ under spotlight&quot;]. [[Akwụkwọ akụkọ New Zealand|The New Zealand Herald]]. 13 May 2014.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ahụ na 1991, e belatara uru elele dị ka akụkụ nke mgbanwe ndị ahụ na ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịmma na-adọga kemgbe ahụ.

Prọfesọ Jonathan Boston nke Mahadum Victoria kwuru na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 20% nke ezinụlọ ndị dara ogbenye na New Zealand na-adabere ugbu a na uru ọdịmma. Ọ na-ekwu na ọdịiche na-arịwanye elu n'etiti ndị ọgaranya na ndị ogbenye na-enyere ndị ọgaranya aka &quot;ịmepụta mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-ezighị ezi&quot;, na &quot;ọ bụrụ na a gaghị ewepụ ụmụ amaala dara ogbenye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ha ga-enwerịrị ohere agụmakwụkwọ, nlekọta ahụike na enyemaka ọha na eze&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Paradise for a few&quot;/&gt; Ndị ọkà mmụta ọrịa na Britain, Richard Pickett na Kate Wilkinson, na-arụ ụka na ahaghị nhata na-emebi onye ọ bụla n'ime ọha mmadụ, ọ bụghị naanị ndị ogbenye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.closingthegap.org.nz/the-spirit-level-for-new-zealand/|title=The Spirit Level for New Zealand|author=Paul Barber|publisher=“Closer Together” NZCCSS|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2022-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820032923/http://www.closingthegap.org.nz/the-spirit-level-for-new-zealand/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha na-ekwu na mgbe ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọkwa dị elu na nke ala na-abawanye ụba, nke a na-ewepụ ntụkwasị obi na ọmịiko n'etiti ụmụ amaala na-eduga ná nkewa na nkewa nke ọha mmadụ. Nke a na-eme ka ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike na mmekọrịta ọha na eze ka njọ dịka oke ọnwụ ụmụ ọhụrụ, oke ibu, ime afọ iri na ụma, mpụ na mkpọrọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;The New Zealand Herald&quot;/&gt;

== Mmetụta na ihe ngosi ọha mmadụ ==
Na 2014, a kpọrọ Pickett na Wilkinson na Auckland na Dunedin ka ha kparịta mkpa nyocha ha na New Zealand. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/campus/university-otago/303256/spirit-level-authors-speak-dunedin|title='Spirit Level' authors to speak in Dunedin|publisher=[[Otago Daily Times]]|date=23 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha rụrụ ụka na ka enweghị ahaghị nhata na New Zealand na-eto eto, enweela mmụba dị ịrịba ama na ndị ntorobịa igbu onwe ha, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wasserman|first=Danuta|date=1 June 2005|title=Global suicide rates among young people aged 15-19|journal=World Psychiatry|volume=4|issue=2|pmid=16633527|pages=114–20}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/4873/|title=Rogernomics and Rupture: Huntly's Response to the Corporatisation of State Coal Mines in 1987.|first=Dillon, Helena|author=Joy|date=24 January 2018|accessdate=24 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọ bụ ezie na n'ụzọ dị iche, data Ngalaba Ahụike na-adịbeghị anya na-egosi na ọnụ ọgụgụ igbu onwe onye nke afọ na-ebelata site na 19.5% site na. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ọnwụ 15.1 n'ime 100,000 bi na 1998 ruo 12.2 ọnwụ n'ime 100,000 bi na 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/suicide-facts-deaths-and-intentional-self-harm-hospitalisations-2012|title=Suicide Facts: Deaths and intentional self-harm hospitalisations 2012|work=Health.govt.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmụba nke ụlọ akụ nri mụbara nke ukwuu; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ballard|first=Keith|title=Inclusion, exclusion, poverty, racism and education: An outline of some present issues|date=2003-10-14|url=http://www.ihc.org.nz/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=I0%2BuArQ9M8w%3D&amp;tabid=1474&amp;mid=2384|format=DOC}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ọnụ ọgụgụ ezinụlọ na ụmụaka bi na ịda ogbenye abawanyela. Agbanyeghị mpụ ndị kpatara mmerụ ahụ na ọnwụ ji 20% belata n'etiti 2012 na 2014, ebe mwakpo ahụ ji 3% belata n'otu oge ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/publication/crime-statistics-calendar-year-ending-31-december-2014|title=Crime Statistics for calendar year ending 31 December 2014|work=Police.govt.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018|archivedate=25 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015446/http://www.police.govt.nz/about-us/publication/crime-statistics-calendar-year-ending-31-december-2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu oge ahụ, mmefu nlekọta ahụike abawanyela. N'afọ 2011, mmefu ahụike ruru 10% nke GDP, karịa nkezi OECD nke 9.3%. Dị ka ọ dị n'ọtụtụ mba OECD, mmefu ahụike na New Zealand belatara post-GFC mana ọ ka ruru 3% n'ezie na 2010 na 2011 - dị elu karịa nkezi OECD. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/health-expenditure-trends-new-zealand-2000-2010|title=Health Expenditure Trends in New Zealand 2000–2010|work=Health.govt.nz|accessdate=24 January 2018|archivedate=25 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015232/http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/health-expenditure-trends-new-zealand-2000-2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 2012 New Zealand nwere ndị dọkịta 2.7 n'ime mmadụ 1,000, na-abawanye site na 2.2 n'afọ 2000.

Enweghị ahaghị nhata akụ na ụba na New Zealand, tụrụ site na [[Gini coefficient|ọnụọgụ Gini]], guzo na 0.34 dị ka nke June 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Household income and housing-cost statistics: Year ended June 2019|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/household-income-and-housing-cost-statistics-year-ended-june-2019|publisher=Statistics New Zealand|accessdate=18 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2012, atụmanya ndụ mgbe a mụrụ na New Zealand guzoro na 81.5 afọ, ihe karịrị otu afọ dị elu karịa nkezi OECD nke afọ 80.2. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Briefing-Note-NEW-ZEALAND-2014.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2015-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092612/http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Briefing-Note-NEW-ZEALAND-2014.pdf|archivedate=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmetụta na uto ==
Na December 2014, OECD wepụtara Global Income Inequality Report nke kwuru na &quot;[r] ising inequality a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ kwụsịrị ihe karịrị pasent 10 na ... New Zealand&quot; n'etiti 1990 na 2010. &lt;ref name=&quot;oecd inequality&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/5jxrjncwxv6j.pdf?expires=1418160560&amp;id=id&amp;accname=guest&amp;checksum=C3C4CD08DF711FBA4B149003872BA1E3|title=OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers No. 163 – Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth|author=Federico Cingano|publisher=[[OECD]]|accessdate=11 December 2014|date=December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ achọpụtaghị ihe àmà na-egosi na atumatu redistribution, dị ka ụtụ isi na uru ọha na eze, na-emerụ ọganihu akụ na ụba, ma ọ bụrụhaala na e mere atụmatụ ndị a nke ọma, ezubere iche ma tinye ya n'ọrụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.3news.co.nz/world/oecd-income-inequality-gap-widest-in-30-years-2014120914#axzz3LWtOgi7b|title=OECD income inequality gap widest in 30 years|publisher=[[TV3 News]]|date=9 December 2014|accessdate=24 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211001408/http://www.3news.co.nz/world/oecd-income-inequality-gap-widest-in-30-years-2014120914#axzz3LWtOgi7b|archivedate=11 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwubiri na &quot;ilekwasị anya naanị na uto na iche na uru ya ga-adaba na mpaghara dị iche iche nke ndị mmadụ nwere ike imebi ọganihu n'ikpeazụ.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&amp;objectid=11371860|title=Income inequality stunts NZ growth – OECD|work=NZ Herald|publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|date=10 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Foodbank Canterbury

* Enweghị ebe obibi na New Zealand

== Edensibia ==
arụ ụka na ahaghị nhata na-emebi onye ọ bụla n'ime ọha mmadụ, ọ bụghị naanị ndị ogbenye.  Ha na-ekwu na mgbe ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọkwa dị elu na nke ala na-abawanye ụba, nke a na-ewepụ ntụkwasị obi na ọmịiko n'etitiarụ ụka na ahaghị nhata na-emebi onye ọ bụla n'ime ọha mmadụ, ọ bụghị naanị ndị ogbenye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.closingthegap.org.nz/the-spirit-level-for-new-zealand/|title=The Spirit Level for New Zealand|author=Paul Barber|publisher=“Closer Together” NZCCSS|accessdate=2024-04-02|archivedate=2022-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820032923/http://www.closingthegap.org.nz/the-spirit-level-for-new-zealand/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha na-ekwu na mgbe ọdịiche dị n'etiti ọkwa dị elu na nke ala na-abawanye ụba, nke a na-ewepụ ntụkwasị obi na ọmịiko n'etiti{{Reflist}}{{Oceania topic|Poverty in}}
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'''Intercultural Institute of Ayuuk''' ( '''ISIA''' ) ( ''Instituto Superior Intercultural Ayuuk'' ) bụ obere mahadum Jesuit na mpaghara ụmụ amaala Mixe na Jaltepec de Candayoc, Oaxaca, Southern [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] . Ọ na-eleba anya n'ọchịchọ nke ndị Mixe ichekwa ihe ha ji ebi ndụ na omenala ha n'etiti ike zuru ụwa ọnụ megidere. Nkwado maka ISIA sitere na mahadum Jesuit ndị ọzọ dị na Mexico yana ndị na-enyere ndị mba ọzọ aka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20080208091905362|title=MEXICO: Empowering indigenous people through HE - University World News|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmemme ==
Ọganihu ụmụ mmadụ na-adịgide adịgide yana ịgbachitere ikike nke ụmụ amaala iji chọpụta ọdịnihu ha bụ ihe dị mkpa na ọrụ ISIA, ebe ọ na-akwalite &quot;nhazi nke omume ụmụ amaala site na agụmakwụkwọ.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://clas.uchicago.edu/sites/clas.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/CLAS_FinalPrinterPages_2012.pdf|title=U.of Chicago. Accessed 11 May 2016.|accessdate=12 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005041525/http://clas.uchicago.edu/sites/clas.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/CLAS_FinalPrinterPages_2012.pdf|archivedate=5 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ogo mmụta a na-enye bụ na Sustainable Development, Nkwukọrịta, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://eprints.ucm.es/30063/1/T36050.pdf |title=TICs. |accessdate=2024-04-08 |archivedate=2018-08-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821062648/http://eprints.ucm.es/30063/1/T36050.pdf }}&lt;/ref&gt; na Education Culture. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/organizations/intercultural-institute-of-ayuuk|title=Intercultural Institute of Ayuuk|publisher=|accessdate=2024-04-08|archivedate=2018-08-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821160512/https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/organizations/intercultural-institute-of-ayuuk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ Ayuuk n'ịkwalite nzikọrịta ozi enweela ihe ịga nke ọma na &quot;ibelata nkewa dijitalụ .&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.scielo.unal.edu.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-48232009000100004&amp;lng=pt&amp;nrm=&amp;tlng=es|title=Building Digital Bridges: Thoughts on Convergence|journal=Signo y Pensamiento|date=June 2009|volume=28|issue=54|pages=56–67|author=Martinez Cervantes|first=Luis Miguel}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ọrụ ya maka mmepe na-adigide anatawo nkwado nke Tierra mba ụwa nke rụnyere oghere anyanwụ maka ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ mgbe ọ na-akụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ na ngalaba nkà na ụzụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tierra-institute.org/mexico-august-september-2014|title=Mexico News – August / September 2014 - Tierra Institute International|publisher=|accessdate=2024-04-08|archivedate=2021-01-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127194951/http://tierra-institute.org/mexico-august-september-2014/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na-agbaso omenala obodo nke &quot;ọrụ mkpokọta&quot;: nwa akwụkwọ ọ bụla nwere ọrụ metụtara ịkwado na mmepe nke ụlọ akwụkwọ. &lt;ref&gt;[http://americamagazine.org/sites/default/files/issues/2016/pdfs/05-09-16web.pdf ''America''. ]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta saịtị Jesuit

== Edensibia ==
Jaltepec de Candayoc, Oaxaca, Southern Mexico . Ọ na-eleba anya n'ọchịchọ nke ndị Mixe ichekwa ihe ha ji ebi ndụ na omenala ha n'etiti ik{{Reflist|2}}</text>
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'''Michael Laufer''' (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-eme ya dị ka '''Mixæl Laufer''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mixæl S Laufer Twitter Account|url=https://twitter.com/michaelslaufer|accessdate=2022-01-31|work=Twitter|language=en|archivedate=2022-01-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131121908/https://twitter.com/michaelslaufer}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) bụ onye ndu de facto nke netwọkụ na-emepe emepe anarchist biohacking, mkpokọta ndị ohi anọ . &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Piller|first=Charles|title=An Anarchist Is Teaching Patients to Make Their Own Medications|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/an-anarchist-is-teaching-patients-to-make-their-own-medications/|accessdate=2021-12-03|work=Scientific American|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203195733/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/an-anarchist-is-teaching-patients-to-make-their-own-medications/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oberhaus|first=Daniel|title=Meet the Anarchists Making Their Own Medicine|work=Vice|date=2018-07-26|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/43pngb/how-to-make-your-own-medicine-four-thieves-vinegar-collective|language=en|accessdate=2022-01-10|archivedate=2022-01-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107213316/https://www.vice.com/en/article/43pngb/how-to-make-your-own-medicine-four-thieves-vinegar-collective}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Was the EpiPen Hack Ethical?|url=https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/323092/was-the-epipen-hack-ethical|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=KQED|date=5 June 2017|language=en-us|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174201/https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/323092/was-the-epipen-hack-ethical}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laufer bụ onye ama ama maka ịmepụta EpiPencil, ụzọ mepere emepe ọzọ maka Epipen . &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=By|date=2016-09-22|title=Should You Build Your Own EpiPen?|url=https://www.popsci.com/should-you-build-your-own-epipen/|accessdate=2021-12-03|work=Popular Science|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203195734/https://www.popsci.com/should-you-build-your-own-epipen/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
Laufer nwere Ph.D. na mgbakọ na mwepụ na physics sitere na CUNY Graduate Center . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-10-04|title=Menlo College Mathematician Michael Laufer Shoots to Fame with EpiPencil|url=https://www.menlo.edu/menlo-college-mathematician-michael-laufer-shoots-to-fame-with-epipencil/|accessdate=2023-03-21|work=Menlo College|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321014830/https://www.menlo.edu/menlo-college-mathematician-michael-laufer-shoots-to-fame-with-epipencil/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Laufer bụ onye isi mgbakọ na mwepụ na Silicon Valley's Menlo College, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oberhaus|first=Daniel|title=Meet the Anarchists Making Their Own Medicine|work=Vice|date=2018-07-26|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/43pngb/how-to-make-your-own-medicine-four-thieves-vinegar-collective|language=en|accessdate=2022-01-10|archivedate=2022-01-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107213316/https://www.vice.com/en/article/43pngb/how-to-make-your-own-medicine-four-thieves-vinegar-collective}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye nkuzi oge mgbakọ na mwepụ na San Quentin State Prison, [[California]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Laufer bụkwa onye nyocha ọhụụ na UNESCO Crossings Institute. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=People {{!}} University of Oregon-UNESCO Crossings Institute|url=https://unesco.uoregon.edu/staff/|accessdate=2021-12-03|work=unesco.uoregon.edu|archivedate=2021-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203195744/https://unesco.uoregon.edu/staff/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2008 Laufer gara El Salvador ebe ọ hụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ na-agwụla ọgwụ [[Ibelata ịmụ ọtụtụ ụmụ|mgbochi ịmụ nwa]], o hiwere Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Ohi Anọ Anọ n'oge na-adịghị anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oberhaus|first=Daniel|title=Meet the Anarchists Making Their Own Medicine|work=Vice|date=2018-07-26|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/43pngb/how-to-make-your-own-medicine-four-thieves-vinegar-collective|language=en|accessdate=2022-01-10|archivedate=2022-01-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107213316/https://www.vice.com/en/article/43pngb/how-to-make-your-own-medicine-four-thieves-vinegar-collective}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOberhaus2018&quot;&gt;Oberhaus, Daniel (July 26, 2018). [https://www.vice.com/en/article/43pngb/how-to-make-your-own-medicine-four-thieves-vinegar-collective &quot;Meet the Anarchists Making Their Own Medicine&quot;]. ''Vice''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220107213316/https://www.vice.com/en/article/43pngb/how-to-make-your-own-medicine-four-thieves-vinegar-collective Archived] from the original on January 7, 2022&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 10,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Laufer kesara vidiyo n'ihu ọha na 2016 nke gosipụtara ka esi arụpụta ụdị nke Epi-Pen epinephrine auto-injector sitere na ngwa ndị ọha na-enweta ngwa ngwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-09-19|title=Hackers Offer a DIY Alternative to the $600 EpiPen|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/hackers-offer-a-diy-alternative-to-the-600-epipen|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=IEEE Spectrum|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174200/https://spectrum.ieee.org/hackers-offer-a-diy-alternative-to-the-600-epipen}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Livni|first=Ephrat|title=Hackers created a $30 DIY version of the EpiPen|url=https://qz.com/792003/diy-epipen-costs-30-dollars/|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=Quartz|date=27 September 2016|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174200/https://qz.com/792003/diy-epipen-costs-30-dollars/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Laufer na-arụ ọrụ na DIY pharmaceutical reactor nke ọ na-akpọ ''Apothecary MicroLab'' nke ga-enye ndị mmadụ ohere ịmepụta ọgwụ nke ha n'ụlọ.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;Ụdị nke mbụ nwere ike ịmepụta pyrimethamine, otu ọgwụ ahụ na 2016 mụbara na ọnụahịa na USA site na $ 13 ruo $ 750 na 2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-09-19|title=Hackers Offer a DIY Alternative to the $600 EpiPen|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/hackers-offer-a-diy-alternative-to-the-600-epipen|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=IEEE Spectrum|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174200/https://spectrum.ieee.org/hackers-offer-a-diy-alternative-to-the-600-epipen}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Larson|first=Selena|date=2016-09-24|title=Outrageous EpiPen prices lead some people to make their own|url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/24/technology/diy-epipen-affordable-alternatives/index.html|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=CNNMoney|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174200/https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/24/technology/diy-epipen-affordable-alternatives/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Leonard|first=Kimberly|date=23 Sep 2016|title=EpiPen Alternative? Meet the $30, DIY EpiPencil|work=US News|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-09-23/epipen-alternative-meet-the-30-diy-epipencil|accessdate=2021-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ Laufer bụ ma gbasara ịnweta ọgwụ yana gbasara ikike nnwere onwe na ozi, na-achọ imezi usoro nke tinyeworo mkpebi nlekọta ahụike n'aka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-akpata ego. {{R|:0}} Laufer kwenyere na inye ndị nọ na mkpa ọgwụ na-azọpụta ndụ na-akwado imebi ikike ikike ọgụgụ isi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lehman|first=Peter G|date=Dec 2020|title=Beyond chemistry: DIY medicine|url=https://chemaust.raci.org.au/sites/default/files/pdf/2020/CiA_Dec%202020.pdf|journal=Chemistry in Australia|volume=December 2020 - February 2021|pages=35|accessdate=2021-12-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ chọrọ ịchọta ụzọ dị mfe iji mepụta ọgwụ mgbochi mberede na ọgwụ nkịtị maka HIV / AIDS na [[Iba|ịba]] ọcha n'anya C. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Josaya Zayner
* Ngwa ngwa ahụike mepere emepe

== Edensibia ==
gbasara ikike nnwere onwe na ozi, na-achọ imezi usoro nke tinyeworo mkpebi nlekọta ahụike  2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-09-19|title=Hackers Offer a DIY Alternative to the $600 EpiPen|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/hackers-offer-a-diy-alternative-to-the-600-epipen|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=IEEE Spectrum|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174200/https://spectrum.ieee.org/hackers-offer-a-diy-alternative-to-the-600-epipen}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Larson|first=Selena|date=2016-09-24|title=Outrageous EpiPen prices lead some people to make their own|url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/24/technology/diy-epipen-affordable-alternatives/index.html|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=CNNMoney|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174200/https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/24/technology/diy-epipen-affordable-alternatives/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Leonard|first=Kimberly|date=23 Sep 2016|title=EpiPen Alternative? Meet the $30, DIY EpiPencil|work=US News|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-09-23/epipen-alternative-meet-the-30-diy-epipencil|accessdate=2021-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ Laufer bụ ma gbasara ịnweta{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Michael Laufer''' (mgbe ụfọdụ a na-eme ya dị ka '''Mixæl Laufer''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mixæl S Laufer Twitter Account|url=https://twitter.com/michaelslaufer|accessdate=2022-01-31|work=Twitter|language=en|archivedate=2022-01-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131121908/https://twitter.com/michaelslaufer}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) bụ onye ndu de facto nke netwọkụ na-emepe emepe anarchist biohacking, mkpokọta ndị ohi anọ . &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Piller|first=Charles|title=An Anarchist Is Teaching Patients to Make Their Own Medications|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/an-anarchist-is-teaching-patients-to-make-their-own-medications/|accessdate=2021-12-03|work=Scientific American|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203195733/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/an-anarchist-is-teaching-patients-to-make-their-own-medications/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oberhaus|first=Daniel|title=Meet the Anarchists Making Their Own Medicine|work=Vice|date=2018-07-26|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/43pngb/how-to-make-your-own-medicine-four-thieves-vinegar-collective|language=en|accessdate=2022-01-10|archivedate=2022-01-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107213316/https://www.vice.com/en/article/43pngb/how-to-make-your-own-medicine-four-thieves-vinegar-collective}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Was the EpiPen Hack Ethical?|url=https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/323092/was-the-epipen-hack-ethical|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=KQED|date=5 June 2017|language=en-us|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174201/https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/323092/was-the-epipen-hack-ethical}}&lt;/ref&gt; Laufer bụ onye ama ama maka ịmepụta EpiPencil, ụzọ mepere emepe ọzọ maka Epipen . &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=By|date=2016-09-22|title=Should You Build Your Own EpiPen?|url=https://www.popsci.com/should-you-build-your-own-epipen/|accessdate=2021-12-03|work=Popular Science|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203195734/https://www.popsci.com/should-you-build-your-own-epipen/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
Laufer nwere Ph.D. na mgbakọ na mwepụ na physics sitere na CUNY Graduate Center . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-10-04|title=Menlo College Mathematician Michael Laufer Shoots to Fame with EpiPencil|url=https://www.menlo.edu/menlo-college-mathematician-michael-laufer-shoots-to-fame-with-epipencil/|accessdate=2023-03-21|work=Menlo College|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321014830/https://www.menlo.edu/menlo-college-mathematician-michael-laufer-shoots-to-fame-with-epipencil/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Laufer bụ onye isi mgbakọ na mwepụ na Silicon Valley's Menlo College, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oberhaus|first=Daniel|title=Meet the Anarchists Making Their Own Medicine|work=Vice|date=2018-07-26|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/43pngb/how-to-make-your-own-medicine-four-thieves-vinegar-collective|language=en|accessdate=2022-01-10|archivedate=2022-01-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107213316/https://www.vice.com/en/article/43pngb/how-to-make-your-own-medicine-four-thieves-vinegar-collective}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye nkuzi oge mgbakọ na mwepụ na San Quentin State Prison, [[California]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Laufer bụkwa onye nyocha ọhụụ na UNESCO Crossings Institute. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=People {{!}} University of Oregon-UNESCO Crossings Institute|url=https://unesco.uoregon.edu/staff/|accessdate=2021-12-03|work=unesco.uoregon.edu|archivedate=2021-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203195744/https://unesco.uoregon.edu/staff/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2008 Laufer gara El Salvador ebe ọ hụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ na-agwụla ọgwụ [[Ibelata ịmụ ọtụtụ ụmụ|mgbochi ịmụ nwa]], o hiwere Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Ohi Anọ Anọ n'oge na-adịghị anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Laufer kesara vidiyo n'ihu ọha na 2016 nke gosipụtara ka esi arụpụta ụdị nke Epi-Pen epinephrine auto-injector sitere na ngwa ndị ọha na-enweta ngwa ngwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-09-19|title=Hackers Offer a DIY Alternative to the $600 EpiPen|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/hackers-offer-a-diy-alternative-to-the-600-epipen|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=IEEE Spectrum|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174200/https://spectrum.ieee.org/hackers-offer-a-diy-alternative-to-the-600-epipen}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Livni|first=Ephrat|title=Hackers created a $30 DIY version of the EpiPen|url=https://qz.com/792003/diy-epipen-costs-30-dollars/|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=Quartz|date=27 September 2016|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174200/https://qz.com/792003/diy-epipen-costs-30-dollars/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Laufer na-arụ ọrụ na DIY pharmaceutical reactor nke ọ na-akpọ ''Apothecary MicroLab'' nke ga-enye ndị mmadụ ohere ịmepụta ọgwụ nke ha n'ụlọ.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;Ụdị nke mbụ nwere ike ịmepụta pyrimethamine, otu ọgwụ ahụ na 2016 mụbara na ọnụahịa na USA site na $ 13 ruo $ 750 na 2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-09-19|title=Hackers Offer a DIY Alternative to the $600 EpiPen|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/hackers-offer-a-diy-alternative-to-the-600-epipen|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=IEEE Spectrum|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174200/https://spectrum.ieee.org/hackers-offer-a-diy-alternative-to-the-600-epipen}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Larson|first=Selena|date=2016-09-24|title=Outrageous EpiPen prices lead some people to make their own|url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/24/technology/diy-epipen-affordable-alternatives/index.html|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=CNNMoney|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174200/https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/24/technology/diy-epipen-affordable-alternatives/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Leonard|first=Kimberly|date=23 Sep 2016|title=EpiPen Alternative? Meet the $30, DIY EpiPencil|work=US News|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-09-23/epipen-alternative-meet-the-30-diy-epipencil|accessdate=2021-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ Laufer bụ ma gbasara ịnweta ọgwụ yana gbasara ikike nnwere onwe na ozi, na-achọ imezi usoro nke tinyeworo mkpebi nlekọta ahụike n'aka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-akpata ego.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Laufer kwenyere na inye ndị nọ na mkpa ọgwụ na-azọpụta ndụ na-akwado imebi ikike ikike ọgụgụ isi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lehman|first=Peter G|date=Dec 2020|title=Beyond chemistry: DIY medicine|url=https://chemaust.raci.org.au/sites/default/files/pdf/2020/CiA_Dec%202020.pdf|journal=Chemistry in Australia|volume=December 2020 - February 2021|pages=35|accessdate=2021-12-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ chọrọ ịchọta ụzọ dị mfe iji mepụta ọgwụ mgbochi mberede na ọgwụ nkịtị maka HIV / AIDS na [[Iba|ịba]] ọcha n'anya C. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Josaya Zayner
* Ngwa ngwa ahụike mepere emepe

== Edensibia ==
gbasara ikike nnwere onwe na ozi, na-achọ imezi usoro nke tinyeworo mkpebi nlekọta ahụike  2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-09-19|title=Hackers Offer a DIY Alternative to the $600 EpiPen|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/hackers-offer-a-diy-alternative-to-the-600-epipen|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=IEEE Spectrum|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174200/https://spectrum.ieee.org/hackers-offer-a-diy-alternative-to-the-600-epipen}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Larson|first=Selena|date=2016-09-24|title=Outrageous EpiPen prices lead some people to make their own|url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/24/technology/diy-epipen-affordable-alternatives/index.html|accessdate=2021-12-01|work=CNNMoney|archivedate=2021-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201174200/https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/24/technology/diy-epipen-affordable-alternatives/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Leonard|first=Kimberly|date=23 Sep 2016|title=EpiPen Alternative? Meet the $30, DIY EpiPencil|work=US News|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-09-23/epipen-alternative-meet-the-30-diy-epipencil|accessdate=2021-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ Laufer bụ ma gbasara ịnweta{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Japan Computer Access Network</title>
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      <text bytes="2846" sha1="t6l5fb3r7q5pkmr5htx9g4v5ou82ilt" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Japan Kọmputa Access Network''' (JCA-NET) bụ otu dabere na Tokyo kwekọrọ na nkà ihe ọmụma ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-aga n'ihu nke na-achọ ịkwalite ọrụ nwa amaala site na [[Intanet|ịntanetị]] .

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
JCA-NET tọrọ ntọala na Eprel 1997 dịka onye otu Association for Progressive Communications . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Internet Provider for Development by People|url=http://www.jca.apc.org/jca-net/activity/index-en.html|work=Group web site|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207225509/http://www.jca.apc.org/jca-net/activity/index-en.html|archivedate=7 February 2007|accessdate=20 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu mbụ a na-akpọ Japan Kọmputa Access tọrọ ntọala na 1993 na nzaghachi na 1990-1991 Gulf War . &lt;ref name=&quot;apc06&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Taking cyber-skills to those who need it|date=12 June 2006|url=http://www.apc.org/english/news/index.shtml?x=5046015|accessdate=20 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; JCA-NET na-enye ngwaọrụ ịkparịta ụka n'Ịntanet maka òtù ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị (NGO) na mmegharị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na Asialink, nke bụ ozi NGO nke Asia na netwọk e-mail.

== Ebumnuche ==
Otu a na-akpọ onwe ya &quot; ndị na-eweta ọrụ ịntanetị maka mmepe nke ndị mmadụ&quot;. Emepụtara ọrụ ịntanetị a maka ndị na-achọ ịkpọsa ihe omume ha, mara maka mmegharị na mmemme ndị ọzọ n'ofe ụwa. Ebumnuche bụ isi nke JCA-NET bụ ịrụ ọrụ nke &quot;ndị na-eweta ịntanetị na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ nke na-ejikọta ozi nke ndị mmadụ na ndị NGO wepụtara.&quot; Ọ na-arụ ọrụ iwere teknụzụ dị ka ụlọ ogbako eletrọnịkị, ndepụta nzipu ozi na ibe ụlọ gaa na mpaghara ọzọ, mmepe na mgbasa ozi. JCA-NET kọrọ banyere otu puku ndị debanyere aha na ndepụta nzipu ozi ya na 2006. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=JCA-NET: From e-mail inbox to anti wire-tapping in Japan|date=20 April 2006|url=http://www.apc.org/en/news/all/world/jca-net-e-mail-inbox-anti-wire-tapping-japan|accessdate=20 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnweta Kọmputa Japan Maka Empowerment (JCAFE) bụkwa nke tọrọ ntọala na 1993. JCAFE na-enye teknụzụ na nka ịntanetị iji kwado ndị NGO. Hamada 'Taratta' Tadahisa bụ onyeisi oche nke JCAFE na 2006 mgbe ọ sonyeere Association for Progressive Communications. N'oge ahụ ọ kọrọ 100 òtù, na nkwado maka 400 NGO na Japan. &lt;ref name=&quot;apc06&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
na-enye ngwaọrụ ịkparịta ụka n'Ịntanet maka òtù ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị (NGO) na mmegharị

* [http://www.jca.apc.org/ Netwọk Nweta Kọmputa Japan]
* [https://www.jera-fiber.com/fiber-distribution-box-pbo-g-with-adaptors-and-splitters/ PBO G Optical Terminal Point]</text>
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    <title>Abdesselem Ben Mohammed</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Abdesselem Ben Mohammed''' (15 June 1926 - 1965) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-aga n'ihu. Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Wydad na mba Morocco ebe ọ meriri ọtụtụ asọm mpi mba, tupu ya egwuri egwu na Obodo France na Bordeaux na Nîmes. A mụrụ ya na Morocco, Ben Mohammed nọchitere anya Ndị otu mba France.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A mụrụ Ben Mohammed na French Protectorate na Morocco. Ọ nọchitere anya Ndị otu mba France na mmeri 1-0 nke oge afo 1954 FIFA World Cup na Ireland na ubochi nke iri abuo na ise n’onwa Nọvemba nke afo 1953. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/1/france-a/matchs/751/1953-11-25/france-republique-d-039-irlande|title=Match - France - République d'Irlande - FFF|work=www.fff.fr|accessdate=2024-04-28|archivedate=2019-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020070648/https://www.fff.fr/equipes-de-france/1/france-a/matchs/751/1953-11-25/france-republique-d-039-irlande}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==</text>
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    <title>Naaz Joshi</title>
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      <text bytes="14499" sha1="cpbxktsnghnvunsqrffe1hypaff30fw" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:NaazJoshi.jpg|thumb|Naaz Joshi]]
 

'''ToNaaz Joshi (amuru ya na December 1984 na New Delhi, India) obu transgender mbu nke ndi India n'emeri international beauty queen, obukwa onye trans rights activists na onye na ekwu okwu ndumodu.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Naaz Joshi: From being abandoned to winning Miss Universe Diversity;|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/lifestyle/people/naaz-joshi-being-abandoned-winning-miss-universe-diversity-story-1st-transgender-beauty-queen-560665|work=Pink villa|date=2 September 2020|accessdate=3 September 2020|archivedate=9 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509194809/https://www.pinkvilla.com/lifestyle/people/naaz-joshi-being-abandoned-winning-miss-universe-diversity-story-1st-transgender-beauty-queen-560665}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tandon|first=Rajguru|authorlink=|title=Naaz Joshi,The Trans- Woman Inspiring Change In The Community|url=http://bwpeople.businessworld.in/article/Naaz-Joshi-The-Trans-Woman-Inspiring-Change-In-The-Community-/10-09-2019-175879/|work=Business World|date=10 September 2019|accessdate=25 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Joshi meriri miss world Diversity beauty pageant mgboto ato n'otu mgbe. Obu onye bu ndi India ma abia na transgender model. Obu onye mbu but transgender meriri international beauty pageant ya na ndi umunwaanyi cisgender

.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mathur|first=Priyanshi|authorlink=|title=making India Proud: Transgender Model Naaz Joshi Wins The Title Of Miss World Diversity 2019|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/human-interest/making-india-proud-transgender-model-naaz-joshi-wins-the-title-of-miss-world-diversity-2019_-373119.html/|work=India Times|date=8 August 2019|accessdate=23 October 2019|archivedate=21 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221105504/https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/human-interest/making-india-proud-transgender-model-naaz-joshi-wins-the-title-of-miss-world-diversity-2019_-373119.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Maki|authorlink=|title=Transgender cover girl in India|url=https://transgenderfeed.com/2017/10/23/aizya-naaz-joshi-first-transgender-cover-girl-india/|work=Transgenderfeed|date=23 October 2017|accessdate=23 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Story of India's first trans sexual model|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/news-plus/singles/story-of-indias-first-international-transsexual-model-times-now/101539|work=Times now plus|date=26 June 2021|accessdate=22 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sharma|first=Shweta|title=Not easy to compete with cis women: Naaz Joshi, India's first transgender to win Miss World Diversity title thrice|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/naaz-joshi-indian-transgender-miss-world-diversity-title-winner-5909563/|work=indian express|date=17 August 2019|accessdate=1 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Joshi was born to a [[Ndi áláküba|Muslim]] mother and a Hindu Punjabi father.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=3 Time Miss Diversity Naaz Joshi Wants To Use Her Crown To Work For Her Community.|url=https://www.womensweb.in/2019/08/i-want-to-use-my-crown-to-work-with-the-government-aizya-naaz-joshi-aug19wk4md/|work=Women's web|date=21 August 2018|accessdate=25 October 2019|archivedate=16 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116173557/https://www.womensweb.in/2019/08/i-want-to-use-my-crown-to-work-with-the-government-aizya-naaz-joshi-aug19wk4md/}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the age of 7, her family sent her to a distant relative in Mumbai to avoid taunts for her feminine behavior. She worked at dance bars and restaurants to earn a living from 1998 to 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=3 Time Miss Diversity Naaz Joshi Wants To Use Her Crown To Work For Her Community.|url=https://www.womensweb.in/2019/08/i-want-to-use-my-crown-to-work-with-the-government-aizya-naaz-joshi-aug19wk4md/|work=Women's web|date=21 August 2018|accessdate=25 October 2019|archivedate=16 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116173557/https://www.womensweb.in/2019/08/i-want-to-use-my-crown-to-work-with-the-government-aizya-naaz-joshi-aug19wk4md/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Joshi debanyere aha na National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) wee gụchaa akwụkwọ ya na ejiji ejiji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Soni|first=Preeti|authorlink=|title=Abandoned at 7, raped at 11, India's three-time Miss Diversity, Naaz Joshi, shares the gut-wrenching plight of the country's trans community|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/good-news/abandoned-at-7-raped-at-11-indias-three-time-miss-diversity-naaz-joshi-shares-the-gut-wrenching-plight-of-the-countrys-trans-community/ar-AAGroL4?li=AAggbRN&amp;backRedirect=true|work=MSN|date=27 August 2018|accessdate=23 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụsịrị [[Master nke Nchịkwa Azụmaahịa|MBA]] ya na ahịa site na Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Monn|first=Cherrylan|authorlink=|title=Crowning glory|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/270718/crowning-glory.html/|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=28 August 2018|accessdate=29 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, Joshi zutere nwa nwanne ya nwoke, Viveka Babajee, Onye Mauritius nlereanya. Viveka nyeere Joshi aka ịbanye na NIFT ma mụọ Fashion Design. Mgbe Viveka gburu onwe ya na 2010, Joshi kpebiri imezu nrọ ya nke ịghọ ihe nlereanya ma kwụsị imepụta ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ramesh|first=Malvika|authorlink=|title='Trans'-fixed by her beauty|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/280819/trans-fixed-by-her-beauty.html|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=28 August 2019|accessdate=26 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Joshi rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ mmekọahụ iji nweta ego maka ịwa ahụ ya maka mgbanwe mmekọahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Norboo|first=Rinchen|authorlink=|date=27 August 2018|title=India's 1st International Transgender Beauty Queen Once Washed Dishes, Survived Sexual Assault.|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/191847/india-transgender-inspirational-miss-world-diversity-naaz-joshi-international/|accessdate=23 October 2019|work=[[The Better India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ya na ndị na-emepụta ihe abụọ nke [[Ndia|India]], Ritu Kumar na Ritu Beri rụkọrọ ọrụ. Ya na onye bụbu onye omeiwu, Dr. Udit Raj, rụkọrọ ọrụ maka mmeghachi omume nwoke na nwanyị na ime ka ụmụ nwanyị mara banyere ikike iwu ha na ịdị ọcha ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/naaz-joshi-india-first-transsexual-ms-diversity-2018-5263252/|title=Meet Aizya (Naaz) Joshi: India's first transsexual to win Ms Diversity 2018|work=Indian Express|date=17 July 2018|accessdate=21 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Joshi na Nitin Shakya, onye ọrụ Nodal nke New Delhi District, arụkọwo ọrụ iji nyere ndị trans obodo aka. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ ya iji mee ka ndị transgender nke India bụrụ ndị isi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Naaz Joshi, India's First Transgender Beauty Queen, Participates in Gender Sensitization Program|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/naaz-joshi-india-s-first-transgender-beauty-queen-participates-in-gender-sensitization-program/article_4ba22262-b1c1-11eb-befb-c31d7093e2b8.html|accessdate=14 May 2021|work=India west|archivedate=13 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513181303/https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/naaz-joshi-india-s-first-transgender-beauty-queen-participates-in-gender-sensitization-program/article_4ba22262-b1c1-11eb-befb-c31d7093e2b8.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Joshi bụ onye nduzi asọmpi maka Mrs. India Home Makers (MIHM). Ebumnuche ya bụ idozi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/270718/crowning-glory-1.html|title=Crowning glory|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=27 July 2018|accessdate=21 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Joshi na-arụ ọrụ na mmemme na-emetụta nwoke na nwanyị. Ọ na-emekọrịta ihe na ndị trans na ụlọ akwụkwọ na mahadum. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/indias-1st-transgender-pageant-winner-advocates-for-equality|title=Naaz Joshi, India's 1st International Pageant Winner participates in Gender Sensitization Program|work=desi blitz|date=17 January 2022|accessdate=21 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke asọmpi ịma mma mba ụwa maka ụmụ nwanyị trans aha ya bụ Miss Universe Trans &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-transgender-beauty-pageant-celebrates-diversity/video-67659540|title=India Transgender beauty pageant celebrates diversity|work=dw|date=4 December 2023|accessdate=5 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Egwuregwu ==
Joshi meriri n'ọkwa Miss World Diversity na 2017, 2018 na 2019, Ọ ghọrọ nwanyị trans mbụ meriri n&quot;ọkwa ahụ afọ atọ n'usoro. Mmeri ahụ mekwara ka ọ bụrụ onye transgender mbụ n'ụwa iji merie okpueze mba ụwa megide ụmụ nwanyị cisgender. N'afọ 2020 na 2022 ọ meriri asọmpi ọdịiche dị iche iche nke eluigwe na ala, Emere asọmpi 2020 dijitalụ n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19. E nwere ndị na-asọmpi si mba iri atọ e nyere ọrụ. Joshi họọrọ ịrụ ọrụ na nchekwa na nchebe ụmụ nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Not easy to compete with cis women: Naaz Joshi, India's first transgender to win Miss World Diversity title thrice2018|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/naaz-joshi-indian-transgender-miss-world-diversity-title-winner-5909563/|work=Indian Express|date=17 August 2018|accessdate=27 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sharma|first=Shweta|authorlink=|title=Not easy to compete with cis women: Naaz Joshi, India's first transgender to win Miss World Diversity title thrice 2018|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/naaz-joshi-indian-transgender-miss-world-diversity-title-winner-5909563/|work=New Indian Express|date=17 August 2019|accessdate=23 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=I'm looking for power to voice my opinions: Miss Universe Diversity Naaz Joshi|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2020/aug/08/interview--im-looking-for-power-to-voice-my-opinions-miss-universe-diversity-naaz-joshi-2180539.html|work=New Indian Express|date=8 August 2020|accessdate=8 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=naaz joshi wins miss universe diversity 2022 crown|url=https://indianexpress.com/web-stories/life-style/naaz-joshi-wins-miss-universe-diversity-2022-crown/|work=Indian express|date=3 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 2018, Joshi meriri Miss Transqueen India na Mumbai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=kumar|first=ashok|authorlink=|title=Delhi Transgender Accuses Hotel Staff for Discrimination|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/transgender-accuses-hotel-staff-of-discrimination/article26658058.ece|work=New The Hindu|date=28 March 2019|accessdate=25 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2019, Joshi meriri asọmpi Miss Republic International Beauty Ambassador na Miss United Nations Ambassador. Mgbe ọ meriri otu aha a, ọ gwara Indulge Express na mmeri nke okpueze ahụ na-enye ya ike na ibu ọrụ n'ebe ọha mmadụ nọ, nke ọ na-ezube ịrụ ọrụ iji mee ka ndị transgender banye n'ime usoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Shruti|date=9 October 2019|title=Creating History: Transgender Model Naaz Joshi Wins Miss World Diversity For The Third Time!|url=https://www.whatshot.in/delhi-ncr/creating-history-transgender-model-naaz-joshi-wins-miss-world-diversity-for-the-third-time-c-16995|accessdate=27 October 2019|work=What's Hot}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2021, Joshi meriri asọmpi Empress Earth, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ eze nwanyị trans mbụ nke India nwere utu aha asaa. Ọ bụ onye India mbụ meriri n'asọmpi ahụ. E kwesiri ka asọmpi ahụ mee na Dubai na 1 June 2021, mana n'ihi ọrịa a, emere asọmpi ahụ. Ụmụ nwanyị na-asọmpi si n'ihe karịrị mba iri na ise sonyere na Empress Earth 2021. Mba ndị batara n'elu ise bụ [[Colombia]], [[Spain]], [[Brazil]], [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] na [[Ndia|India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=India's first international transgender beauty queen wins empress earth|url=https://www.womansera.com/indias-first-international-transgender-beauty-queen-wins-empress-earth/|work=Womansera|date=4 June 2021|accessdate=5 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Echiche ==
N'ajụjụ ọnụ n'oge emume ụbọchị nnwere onwe nke iri asaa na abụọ na India, o kwuru na ịhụnanya abụghị n'efu na mba ahụ. O kwuru na a kagburu alụmdi na nwunye ya n'ihi na ọ bụ nwanyị trans.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 August 2020|title=Independence Day 2020: Is India independent to love?|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/independence-day-2020-is-india-independent-to-love/22936260|accessdate=17 August 2020|work=Midday|archivedate=15 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815202115/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/independence-day-2020-is-india-independent-to-love/22936260}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na The Times of India, Joshi kọrọ ihe mgbochi ya na asọmpi. Ụfọdụ ndị na-asọmpi laghachiri azụ, na-anụ na nwanyị trans ga-asọmpi na ụfọdụ laghachiri n'ihi na o nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrụ mmekọahụ. Ọ gara n'ihu kwuo na na asọmpi mba India, ebe ọ na-asọmpi na 2018, ndị ya na ha na-asọ mpi mere ya ihere n'ihi na ọ bụ onye okenye n'ime ndị niile na-asọmpị transgender.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=21 June 2021|title=It's very difficult to find true love as a trans- woman|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/its-very-difficult-to-find-true-love-as-a-trans-woman/articleshow/83742390.cms|accessdate=22 June 2021|work=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Joshi bụ nne nke ụmụ nwanyị abụọ. Ọ kuchiri ha mgbe ndị ezinụlọ ha gbahapụrụ ha. Mgbe ọ na-agwa ''New Indian Express'' okwu, o kwuru na nwa ya nwanyị nke nta bụ nwa nwanyị dị afọ iri na isii nke tụbara nwatakịrị ahụ n'ime ite ájá.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=INTERVIEW {{!}} I'm looking for power to voice my opinions: Miss Universe Diversity Naaz Joshi|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2020/aug/08/interview--im-looking-for-power-to-voice-my-opinions-miss-universe-diversity-naaz-joshi-2180539.html|accessdate=30 April 2021|work=The New Indian Express|date=8 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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{{Infobox person|name=Mimi Plange|image=Mimi Plange Photo.jpg|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date=|birth_place=[[Accra]], Ghana|death_date=|death_place=|other_names=|known_for=|occupation=[[Fashion designer]]|nationality=Ghanaian}}

Mimi Plange bụ onye mmebe ejiji nke onye Ghana njide.  Ọ kwagara America mgbe ọ bụ nwata, bụ ebe ọ egwu ụlọ ụlọ na ejiji.

== Ndụ mbido ==
Atụmatụ Plange na Accra, Ghana .  Ya na akara ya kwagara California mgbe ọ bụ nwata.  A kara aka na Ontario na Rancho Cucamonga .  [1] Ọmá BA na Architecture na Mahadum California dị na Berkeley wee gaa ụlọ ọrụ Ejiji nke ihe ịrịba ama akara na San Francisco.  Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ọ kwagara New York ma ọrụ maka Patricia Fields na Rachel Roy . &lt;ref name=&quot;WhoIs2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.studiomuseum.org/studio-blog/harlem/interviews-friends/who-mimi-plange-curatorial-fellow-monique-long-highlights-harl|title=Who is Mimi Plange? {{!}} The Studio Museum in Harlem|work=www.studiomuseum.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Jennings2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/800941704|title=New African fashion|author=Jennings|first=Helen|date=2011-01-01|publisher=Prestel|isbn=9783791345796|location=Munich; London; New York (N.Y.)|oclc=800941704|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ya na onye ya na ya na-azụkọ, Ibrahim Ndoye, ụgbọ eriri ejiji Boudoir D'huîtres mana o mechara jiri ya ka ọ aha ya Mimi Plange na 2010.

Ihe nketa Africa na-emetụta ọrụ ya.  [1] Ndị egwuregwu ya Rihanna, Serena Williams na ozi mbụ Michelle Obama .  [1] Michelle yi uwe mwụda A-ahịrị ya na ihe nkiri TV ABC The View .  Plange bụ onye mbụ nke afọ na Mercedes Benz Fashion Week South Africa. &lt;ref name=&quot;WhoIs2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.studiomuseum.org/studio-blog/harlem/interviews-friends/who-mimi-plange-curatorial-fellow-monique-long-highlights-harl|title=Who is Mimi Plange? {{!}} The Studio Museum in Harlem|work=www.studiomuseum.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Jennings2011&quot; /&gt;N'ime ndị 2011 na New York Times, e hotara Plange ka ọ na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Achọrọ m igosi ndị mmadụ na eji ejiji Afrika egwu ike ịme nduru .... Enwere m ike ịsọ mpi n'ụwa nile.&quot;  Plange eji akara akara ma ọ bụ textile Africa emebere ya.  Na nchịkọta oge opupu ihe ubi 2012 ya, Scarred Perfection, o zoro aka na ọnya ahụ nke ndị Africa ga-eji dị ka ụdị ejiji.  Plange na-ihe, &quot;Ihe ndị ahụ na-akpali anyị ka anyị na-ajụ otú anyị si dị anya onwe anyị nye ndị ọzọ.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Oliver2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/08/fashion/africas-new-fashion-influence.html|title=Africa's New Fashion Influence|author=Oliver|first=Simone S.|date=2011-12-07|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2017-03-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2015, ya na onye na-iche ngwá ụlọ bụ Roche Bobois aka aka Mahjong tiles na sofas na-eji ihe ya mere na Burkina Faso . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.atlantamagazine.com/homeandgarden/fashion-designer-mimi-plange-creates-exclusive-atlanta-furniture-collection-roche-bobois/|title=Fashion designer Mimi Plange creates exclusive Atlanta furniture collection for Roche Bobois|date=2016-10-04|work=[[Atlanta Magazine]]|accessdate=2018-01-08|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Lyn Lepore</title>
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      <text bytes="3198" sha1="goqt6bo8evqczlhwa5jegmot102egpn" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Xx0896 - Cycling Atlanta Paralympics - 3b - Scan (155).jpg|thumb|Lyn Lepore]]
'''Lynette &quot;Lyn&quot; Lepore''', OAM ( amuru ya na 9 October 1961) obu onye Paralympic tandem cyclist nwere anya nsogbu. Osi n'obodo Perth, Western Australia. O so na competition nke 1996 Atlanta Games mama enweteghi medal obula. Na 2000 Sydney Game, onwetere medal ola ocha na women's Tandem open event, eve Ka onwetere medal nke order nke Australia, nwete kwa medal ola edo na women's 1km Time Trial Tandem open event nakwa bronze medal na women's individual Pursuit Open even nke onye ne akuziri ya bu Lynette Nixon sokwa na ya. Na 2000, onwetere Australian Sports Medal. &lt;ref name=&quot;oam&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/886931|title=Lepore, Lynette|publisher=It's an Honour|accessdate=19 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;dob-loc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|archiveurl=https://pandora.nla.gov.au/nph-wb/20000120000000/http://www.ausport.gov.au/olym96/paracycl.html|url=http://www.ausport.gov.au/olym96/paracycl.html|archivedate=20 January 2000|title=Australians at the 1996 Atlanta Paralympics: Cyclists|publisher=[[Australian Sports Commission]]|accessdate=30 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IPC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/search.html?sport=all&amp;games=all&amp;medal=all&amp;npc=all&amp;name=Lepore&amp;fname=Lyn&amp;gender=all|title=Athlete Search Results|publisher=[[International Paralympic Committee]]|accessdate=19 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IPC-AUS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Athlete Search Results: Australia|url=http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/search.html?npc=AUS&amp;gender=all&amp;medal=medals&amp;sport=all&amp;games=2000PG|publisher=International Paralympic Committee|accessdate=25 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/974553|title=Lepore, Lyn: Australian Sports Medal|publisher=It's an Honour|accessdate=19 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lepore rịọrọ arịrịọ megide itinye Kieran Modra na otu ịgba ịnyịnya ígwè Australian Paralympic na 2004 Athens Games, n'okwu nke gara nke ọma na Court of Arbitration for Sport. Na-eduga n'egwuregwu ahụ, David Short na Robert Crowe duziri Modra maka sprint na endurance events, n'otu n'otu. Arịrịọ ahụ bụ n'ihi na Lepore kwesịrị ọnọdụ ya n'ime otu ahụ n'ihi n'ihi ya mgbe a gụrụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị na-anya ụgbọelu Modra iche, ọ nwere ọkwa dị elu karịa Modra.&lt;ref name=&quot;smh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/09/19/1095532178309.html?from=storylhs|title=Modra battles his way to cycling gold|publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=20 September 2004|accessdate=19 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị tupu emume mmeghe ahụ, Kọmitii Paralympic nke Australia rịọrọ Kọmitii International Paralympic ka ha nye Modra ohere ọzọ na otu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2004/sep04/paralympics04/?id=paralympics042|title=12th Paralympic Games: Day 2|publisher=Cyclingnews.com|date=19 September 2004|accessdate=19 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lepore enwetaghị ihe nrite ọ bụla n'egwuregwu 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;IPC&quot;/&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1961]]</text>
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'''Ihe omumu ihe omumu nke ahia ahia''' bu ulo akwukwo nke foto, ihe ngosi ihe ngosi, na oghere oru ngo na Johannesburg, South Africa, nke [[David Goldblatt]] hibere na 1989. &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2021-04-04|title=Obituary: David Goldblatt, photographer, 1930-2018|url=https://www.1854.photography/2018/06/david-goldblatt-full-obituary/|work=www.1854.photography}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;opensocietyfoundations&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2021-04-04|title=How the Market Photo Workshop Has Invested in South African Photographers|url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/how-the-market-photo-workshop-has-invested-in-south-african-photographers?playvideo=1|work=www.opensocietyfoundations.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/how-the-market-photo-workshop-has-invested-in-south-african-photographers?playvideo=1 &quot;How the Market Photo Workshop Has Invested in South African Photographers&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-enye ọzụzụ n'ịmụ ihe n'ọhụụ maka akụkụ ndị a na-eleghara anya na ndị a na-ekewaghị ekewa nke obodo South Africa. &lt;ref name=&quot;tate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tate|accessdate=2021-04-04|title=Market Photo Workshop – Art Term|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/m/market-photo-workshop|work=Tate}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro ọmụmụ ya bụ ntọala dị mkpirikpi na etiti, yana ogologo oge, yana na foto akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ .

Ihe omumu ihe omumu nke ahia ahia bu nkewa nke Market Theatre Foundation.

== Nyefee ==
Ọmụmụ ihe foto ahịa ahịa na-enye ọzụzụ n'ịmụ ihe n'ọhụụ maka akụkụ ndị a na-eleghara anya na ndị a na-ekewaghị ekewa nke obodo South Africa. &lt;ref name=&quot;tate&quot;/&gt; Na mbido, ihe ngosi ya lekwasịrị anya na foto foto mmekọrịta mmadụ, mana agbasawanyela ugbu a ịgụnye &quot;ọrụ nkwuwapụta, echiche, na nke onwe ya ma ọ bụ ọrụ lekwasịrị anya obodo&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;tate&quot; /&gt;

&quot;N'isi ya, apartheid chọrọ ịmepụta nwa underclass gọnahụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla na-eche echiche. Echiche, ya mere, ọ bụchaghị nhụsianya. Iji lekwasị anya naanị na usoro, na-enweghị ịzụlite okwu dị oke egwu nke ịmepụta ihe oyiyi, gaara eme ka echiche nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ sie ike. nke na-anabata ndị ọrụ aka ojii dị ala.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot;/&gt;

== Ọmụmụ ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2021-04-04|title=Courses at the Market Photo Workshop|url=https://marketphotoworkshop.co.za/courses/|work=Market Photo Workshop|archivedate=2020-11-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117095210/https://marketphotoworkshop.co.za/courses/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Usoro ntọala na foto - ọnwa 3, oge niile
* Ọmụmụ ihe etiti na ịse foto - ọnwa 3, oge niile
* Mmemme dị elu na foto - izu 20, oge niile
* Mmemme foto foto na akwụkwọ akụkọ - 1 afọ, oge niile

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ụlọ ihe ngosi foto ahịa ahịa sitere na [[David Goldblatt]] na-edozi ihe ngosi foto na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Ahịa maka mmeghe ya na 1976, na-aga n'ihu na-eme ihe ngosi ebe ahụ na 1970s na 1980s, ma mesịa guzobe obere gallery ebe ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|year=2017|title=School Days: Inside the Market Photo Workshop|first=Sean|author=O'Toole|journal=[[Aperture (magazine)|Aperture]]|issue=227|pages=46–53|url=https://aperture.org/magazine/aperture-227/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFO'Toole2017&quot;&gt;O'Toole, Sean (2017). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Iji guzobe Ogbako Foto Ahịa, Jeremy Ractliffe, nna onye na-ese foto [[Jo Ractliffe]], nwetara ego site na DG Murray Trust. &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot; /&gt; Ọzụzụ Foto Ahịa mepere n'ihe bụbu post office Newtown na Bree Street. &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot; /&gt; Ọ kwagara ugboro abụọ n'ime Newtown, kacha nso nso a na Lilian Ngoyi Street. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2021-04-04|title=History|url=https://marketphotoworkshop.co.za/about/history/|work=Market Photo Workshop|archivedate=2020-11-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110061543/https://marketphotoworkshop.co.za/about/history/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ewepụtara oghere ọhaneze na 2005 akpọrọ The Photo Workshop Gallery. Kemgbe ịkwaga na Lilian Ngoyi Street, agbakwunyere ihe ngosi nka, Osisi 1989. Ọ na-egosi ọrụ nke ma ndị na-ese foto obodo na nke mba ụwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot;/&gt;

John Fleetwood gbara ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ site na 2002 ruo 2015. &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot;/&gt; {{As of|2021}} &lt;/link&gt;&lt;/link&gt; Lekgetho James Makola bụ onye isi ya ugbu a. 

Ebe ọ bụ na 2005, Market Theater Foundation na-elekọta site na ngalaba nke nka na omenala gọọmenti mba. &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot;/&gt;

== Ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ ==

* [[Jodi Bieber]] &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot;/&gt;
* John Fleetwood &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot; /&gt;
* [[Lebohang Kganye]] &lt;ref name=&quot;opensocietyfoundations&quot;/&gt;
* [[Phumzile Khanyile]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2021-04-03|title=Phumzile Khanyile: Plastic Crowns|url=https://www.omenkaonline.com/phumzile-khanyile-plastic-crowns/|date=8 February 2017|work=omenkaonline.com|archivedate=2021-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123075439/https://www.omenkaonline.com/phumzile-khanyile-plastic-crowns/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Sabelo Mlangeni]] &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2021-04-04|title=Sabelo Mlangeni's images of South Africa|url=https://www.1854.photography/2018/10/sabelo-mlangeni/|work=www.1854.photography}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mimi Cherono Ng'ok]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2021-04-04|title=1-54 Contemporary African Art Fair|url=https://www.1-54.com/london/emotional-cartographies-an-interview-with-mimi-cherono-ngok/|archivedate=2021-08-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804094617/https://www.1-54.com/london/emotional-cartographies-an-interview-with-mimi-cherono-ngok/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Thabiso Sekgala]] &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2021-04-04|title=S’thandwa Sami (My Beloved)|url=https://www.blackhistorymonth.org.uk/article/listings/region/lambeth/22280/|work=Black History Month 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Lindokuhle Sobekwa]] &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot; /&gt;
* Zanele Muholi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2021-04-04|title=Zanele Muholi's queer South Africa: 'I do not dare shoot at night. It is not safe'|url=http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/nov/02/zanele-muholi-interview-queer-photographer-lgbtq-south-africa-tate|date=2 November 2020|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nontsikelelo Veleko|Ndị na-abụghị eziokwu]] &lt;ref name=&quot;aperture-227&quot; /&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
1980s, ma mesịa guzobe obere gallery ebe ahụ.  Iji guzobe Ogbako Foto Ahịa, Jeremy maka mmeghe ya na 1976, na-aga n'ihu na-{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website</text>
      <sha1>kt3t83zl84jn0qw1jepusgascewrk0l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Patrisse Khan-Cullors</title>
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      <text bytes="37409" sha1="4j7ciajmkgwnlsm9wjvp76valozbtks" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Patrisse_Cullors_2015a.jpeg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Cullors na-ekwu okwu na 2015]]
 

Patrisse Marie Khan-Cullors Brignac &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gyarkye|first=Lovia|date=2018-02-15|title=Arrested at 12, She's Now an Activist Fighting for Social Justice|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/15/books/review/when-they-call-you-a-terrorist-patrisse-khan-cullors-memoir.html|accessdate=2021-05-30|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en|archivedate=June 2, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602232559/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/15/books/review/when-they-call-you-a-terrorist-patrisse-khan-cullors-memoir.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; (née '''Cullors-Brignac'''; amụrụ na June 20, 1983) bụ onye America na-eme ihe na-aga n'ihu, onye na-ese ihe, na onye edemede nke so guzobe Black Lives Matter movement. Cullors mepụtara hashtag #BlackLivesMatter na 2013 ma dee ma kwuo okwu n'ọtụtụ ebe banyere mmegharị ahụ.

Isiokwu ndị ọzọ Cullors na-akwado gụnyere mwepụ ụlọ mkpọrọ na [[Los Angeles]] na ikike LGBTQ. Cullors na-ejikọta echiche sitere na nkatọ na ọrụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Walcott|first=Rianna|date=2018-04-05|title=How the founder of Black Lives Matter started a global movement|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/politics/article/39587/1/black-lives-matter-founder-interview-patrisse-khan-cullors|accessdate=2020-08-01|work=[[Dazed]] digital|language=en|archivedate=December 9, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209032923/https://www.dazeddigital.com/politics/article/39587/1/black-lives-matter-founder-interview-patrisse-khan-cullors}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye a katọrọ maka mmefu ego nke onwe ya na njikwa ego Black Lives Matter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-04-12|title=Black Lives Matter leaders condemn allegations of mismanaged funds|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/black-lives-matter-leaders-condemn-allegations-mismanaged-funds-rcna23882|accessdate=2025-08-04|work=NBC News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Cullors na Los Angeles, California. Nne ya Cherice Foley bụ Onyeàmà Jehova. Nna ya bụ Gabriel Brignac, onye ọ na-ezuteghị ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu. A zụlitere ya n'ụlọ Alton Cullors, onye na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ General Motors na Van Nuys tupu emechie ya, na-amanye ya ịrụ ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ dị ala. O nwere ụmụnne atọ: Ụmụnne nwoke abụọ aha ha bụ Paul na Monte, na nwanne nwanyị aha ya bụ Jasmine . &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=January 16, 2018|title='When They Call You a Terrorist': The Life of Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Patrisse Khan-Cullors|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2018/1/16/when_they_call_you_a_terrorist|work=Democracy Now!|accessdate=May 31, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gabriel bụ onye na-eme mpụ ugboro ugboro nke a tụrụ mkpọrọ ọtụtụ ugboro maka ebubo metụtara ọgwụ ọjọọ ma nwụọ na 2009 n'ụlọ ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tam|first=Ruth|date=January 20, 2018|title='When They Call You a Terrorist': A Black Lives Matter leader details the life that turned her into an activist|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2018/01/20/how-patrisse-khan-cullorss-life-experiences-prepared-her-for-a-career-of-advocacy/|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=May 31, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cullors|first=Patrisse|date=August 18, 2015|title=Opinion: #BlackLivesMatter Will Continue to Disrupt the Political Process|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2015/08/18/opinion-blacklivesmatter-will-continue-to-disrupt-the-political-process/|work=The Washington Post|accessdate=May 31, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cullors kọwara ya dị ka onye na-anọkarị na onye na-elekọta ya na ndụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Dal Checco|first=Monia|date=2018|journal=RSAJournal: Rivista di Studi Americani|title=&quot;Not Your Grandmamma's Civil Rights Movement&quot;: A New Take on Black Activism|url=https://www.aisna.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/DalChecco.pdf|accessdate=May 31, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E jidere nwanne ya nwoke, Monte na 1999 mgbe o zuru ụgbọala nne ya. E mechara chọpụta na ọ na-arịa ọrịa schizoaffective na ọrịa bipolar. Cullors chetara na n'ọgụ ya na ndị ọrụ ụlọ mkpọrọ, a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ya ka a chụpụrụ ya, tie ya ihe n'ụzọ obi ọjọọ, a manyere ya ịṅụ mmiri mposi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Jenkins|first=Aric|date=February 26, 2018|title=Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Patrisse Cullors on Her Book|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url=https://time.com/5171270/black-lives-matter-patrisse-cullors/|accessdate=2020-09-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cullors|first=Patrisse|date=April 13, 2018|title=My brother's abuse in jail is a reason I co-founded Black Lives Matter. We need reform in L.A.|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-cullors-los-angeles-sheriff-jail-reform-20180413-story.html|accessdate=June 2, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwuru nke a dị ka otu n'ime ihe kpatara ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Cullors tolitere na ngọngọ 8th nke Van Nuys, agbataobi Mexico na America dara ogbenye na ndagwurugwu San Fernando.[1] [2] Nna ya, Alton, mechara gbahapụ ezinụlọ ahụ, hapụ Cherice ka ọ zụọ ụmụ ya naanị ya.[3] Cullors kwuru na ọ hụrụ ka ndị uwe ojii ji obi ọjọọ na-eti ụmụnne ya ndị dị afọ iri na otu na iri na atọ mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu.[4] Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, e jidere ya maka iji wii wii.[5] N'oge a, ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Millikan Middle School, ụlọ akwụkwọ bara ọgaranya na Sherman Oaks nwere otu ụmụ akwụkwọ na-acha ọcha na nkà. Cullors kọwara na ihere na-eme ya iso nne ya gbagoro bọs gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ.[6][7] O kwukwara na ọ bụ ụmụ agbọghọ ndị ọcha nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ mere ka ọ mata wii wii. Otú ọ dị, mgbe e jidere ya, ọ na-aga Van Nuys Middle School, ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ọtụtụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ụmụaka na-enweghị ebe obibi, dịka akụkụ nke mmemme ụlọ akwụkwọ okpomọkụ n'ihi akara ule ya dara ogbenye. Maka ya, mgbanwe ahụ bụ ihe ijuanya, n'ihi na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nwere ndị na-achọpụta ígwè na ndị uwe ojii n'adịghị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ ya ndị ọzọ. [8][7]

Cullors ghọrọ onye na-eme ihe ike n'oge ndụ ya, na-esonye na Bus Riders Union (BRU) n'okpuru nduzi Eric Mann mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma [1] [2] n'oge nke ọ gara mmemme nhazi afọ nke Labor Community Strategy Center (nke haziri BRU).[3] [4] Ọ mụtara banyere ndị na-eme mgbanwe, echiche dị egwu na mmegharị mmekọrịta ọha na eze si gburugburu ụwa, mgbe ọ na-eme mmemme.[5] Cullors debanyere aha na Grover Cleveland High School (ugbu a Cleveland Humanities Magnet) na Reseda wee kwenye na mmemme ndọta mmekọrịta ọha na eze.[6][7] Ọ gara n'ihu nweta akara ugo mmụta na okpukperechi na nkà ihe ọmụma na UCLA, yana MFA sitere na Roski School of Art and Design na Mahadum Southern California.[1] [8]

Cullors chetara na a manyere ya ịhapụ ụlọ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii mgbe o kwusịrị ndị mụrụ ya onye ọ bụ.[1] A zụlitere ya dị ka Onyeàmà Jehova, ma n’ihi ime nne ya dị afọ iri na ụma, ma ndị chọọchị na ndị òtù ezinụlọ jụrụ ezinụlọ Cullors; ọ nọgidere na-etinye aka n'okwukwe ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ọbụna ná mba ọzọ, ma chọọchị mesịrị nwee nkụda mmụọ.[2] Ọ zụlitere mmasị n'omenala okpukperechi nke Naijiria nke Ifá, na-etinye emume ya na mmemme ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ gwara onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ na 2015 na &quot;ọchịchọ m na-achọ ọnọdụ ime mmụọ nwere ọtụtụ ihe jikọrọ ya na ịgbalị ịchọta nghọta nke ọnọdụ m - otú ọnọdụ ndị a si kpụzie ndụ m kwa ụbọchị na otú m si aghọta ha dịka akụkụ nke nnukwu mgba, mgba maka nlanarị m.&quot; [3]

Cullors akụziwo na Otis College of Art and Design na Public Practice Program . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Public Practice faculty Patrisse Cullors talks about co-creating #BlackLivesMatter|url=http://www.otis.edu/news/public-practice-faculty-patrisse-cullors-talks-about-co-creating-blacklivesmatter|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119054120/http://www.otis.edu/news/public-practice-faculty-patrisse-cullors-talks-about-co-creating-blacklivesmatter|archivedate=January 19, 2017|accessdate=January 18, 2017|work=Otis College of Art and Design}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ kụzikwaara na Master's Arts na Social Justice and Community Organizing na Prescott College.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Master of Arts - Social Justice &amp; Community Organizing &amp;#124; Prescott College Online|url=https://online.prescott.edu/online-masters-degrees/social-justice?areas_study=community-organizing-online|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117013351/https://online.prescott.edu/online-masters-degrees/social-justice?areas_study=community-organizing-online|archivedate=January 17, 2019|accessdate=January 16, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Short History of Black Lives Matter|url=http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=31&amp;Itemid=74&amp;jumival=14319|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724223101/http://therealnews.com/t2/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=31&amp;Itemid=74&amp;jumival=14319|archivedate=24 July 2015|work=therealnews}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndụ Ndị Ojii Dị Mkpa ===
Ya na ndị na-ahazi obodo na ndị enyi [[Alicia Garza]] na Opal Tometi, Cullors guzobere Black Lives Matter . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Goldhill|first=Olivia|title=&quot;We can feel sad, hurt, demoralized. But we can't give up&quot;: A Black Lives Matter founder on Trump's presidency|url=https://qz.com/837747/black-lives-matter-founder-patrisse-cullors-on-how-to-respond-to-donald-trump/|work=Quartz|date=November 15, 2016|accessdate=July 19, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827003424/https://qz.com/837747/black-lives-matter-founder-patrisse-cullors-on-how-to-respond-to-donald-trump/|archivedate=August 27, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Garza|first=Alicia|title=Herstory|url=http://blacklivesmatter.com/herstory/|work=Black Lives Matter|accessdate=July 19, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410043851/http://blacklivesmatter.com/herstory/|archivedate=April 10, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha atọ malitere òtù ahụ n'ihi nkụda mmụọ maka ntọhapụ George Zimmerman na ogbugbu Trayvon Martin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/black-lives-matter-began-after-trayvon-martin-s-death-ferguson-ncna1106651|title=Opinion {{!}} A decade of Black Lives Matter gives us a new understanding of Black liberation|work=NBC News|date=January 2020|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425082325/https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/black-lives-matter-began-after-trayvon-martin-s-death-ferguson-ncna1106651|archivedate=April 25, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cullors mepụtara hashtag #BlackLivesMatter na 2013 iji kwado ojiji Garza jiri ahịrịokwu ahụ mee ihe na Facebook banyere ikpe Martin. &lt;ref name=&quot;USAToday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Guynn|first=Jessica|title=Meet the woman who coined #BlackLivesMatter|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/03/04/alicia-garza-black-lives-matter/24341593/|accessdate=March 7, 2015|work=USA Today|date=March 4, 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFGuynn2015&quot;&gt;Guynn, Jessica (March 4, 2015). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/03/04/alicia-garza-black-lives-matter/24341593/ &quot;Meet the woman who coined #BlackLivesMatter&quot;]. ''USA Today''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180220112728/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/03/04/alicia-garza-black-lives-matter/24341593/ Archived] from the original on February 20, 2018&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 7,&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Cullors gara n'ihu kọwaa mkpali ya maka ịmanye ikike ndị Africa America sitere na mmekpọ ọnụ nwanne ya nwoke dị afọ 19 n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Los Angeles County.

Cullors na ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ BLM, Garza na Tometi, malitere iwu mmegharị nke nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta na-achịkwa na na 2015, e hiwere netwọk nke ndị isi. Cullors bụ ihe a na-ahụ anya n'ihu ọha nke ndị guzobere, ọkachasị mgbe Garza na Tometi hapụrụ itinye aka ha na nzukọ a mgbe niile.[1] Ọ na-arụ ụka na mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na-enyere aka ịkwalite ime ihe ike megide ndị Africa America, na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Kwa ụbọchị, oge ọ bụla, anyị na-ejupụta na ihe oyiyi nke ọnwụ nke anyị ... Ọ na-ekwu n'ụzọ nkịtị, 'Ndị ojii, ị nwere ike na-esote. Ị ga-abụ onye na-esote, ma n'icheghachi azụ ọ ga-adị mma maka obodo anyị, ma ọ dịkarịa ala maka ụdị anyị, karịa ka ọ dị. &quot;[2]

N'afọ 2017, o kwuru na òtù ahụ agaghị ezute [[President of the United States|Onye isi ala United States]] [[Donald Trump]] dịka ọ gaghị ezute [[Adolf Hitler]], dịka Trump &quot;bụ n'ụzọ nkịtị ihe atụ nke ihe ọjọọ, ihe ọjọọ niile nke mba a, ma ọ bụ Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, akụrụngwa, ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị, homophobia&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Relman|first=Eliza|date=2017-08-25|title=Black Lives Matter founder likens Trump to Hitler: He is 'literally the epitome of evil'|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/black-lives-matter-patrisse-cullors-trump-hitler-2017-8|accessdate=2020-08-01|work=Business Insider|archivedate=November 29, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129160709/https://www.businessinsider.com/black-lives-matter-patrisse-cullors-trump-hitler-2017-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Simmons|first=Ann M.|date=2017-08-25|title=A founder of Black Lives Matter answers a question on many minds: Where did it go?|url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-patrisse-cullors-black-lives-matter-2017-htmlstory.html|accessdate=2020-08-01|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US|archivedate=December 9, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209095715/https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-patrisse-cullors-black-lives-matter-2017-htmlstory.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee 2021 (mgbe afọ isii gachara nke gụnyere iwulite akụrụngwa nke nzukọ ahụ), Cullors gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, iji lekwasị anya na akwụkwọ nke abụọ ya na nkwekọrịta TV ọtụtụ afọ na Warner Bros. Cullors kwuru, sị, &quot;Echere m na m ga-atụfu ya, n'ihi na agaghị m abụ onye ndú nke otu n'ime ndị kasị ukwuu, ndị na-arụ ụka na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nzukọ anyị ... Ma ọ dịghị nzukọ bụ otu onye na-egosi.&quot; [1][2]

=== Mgbalị ndị ọzọ ===
Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Coalition to End Sheriff Violence na L.A. Jails . &lt;ref name=&quot;USAToday&quot;/&gt; Ìgwè ahụ kwadoro ka kọmitii ndị nkịtị lekọta Ngalaba Sheriff nke Los Angeles County iji gbochie mmegbu nke ndị isi. Site n'ịhazi ndị bụbu ndị mkpọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị ka ndị na-eme ntụli aka, otu ahụ nwere olileanya ime ka ndị L.A. County Board of Supervisors mepụta ụdị ọrụ ahụ, yana ịnakọta vootu zuru ezu iji họpụta onye ga-anọchi L.A County Sheriff Lee Baca, onye gbara arụkwaghịm na 2014 maka ihe dị iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-c1-jail-activist-20140414-m-story.html|author=Sewell, Abby|title=Activist battles L.A. County jailers' 'culture of violence'|work=Los Angeles Times|date=April 14, 2014|accessdate=November 6, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, otu ahụ enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma na mbọ ya.

Cullors so guzobe otu ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Dignity and Power Now, nke nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịkwado maka ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ndị nkịtị.

Ọ bụkwa onye otu ụlọ ọrụ Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, ebe ọ duziri otu ndị na-eche echiche banyere ime ihe ike na steeti na ndị na-eme ihe ike maka 2014 Without Borders Conference .  N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, ọ malitere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na nkwekọrịta ya na Warner Bros. Television.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ramos|first=Dino-Ray|date=2020-10-15|title=Warner Bros. TV Group Signs Overall Deal With Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Patrisse Cullors|url=https://deadline.com/2020/10/warner-bros-television-group-overall-deal-patrisse-cullors-black-lives-matter-1234597810/|accessdate=2020-10-16|work=Deadline|language=en-US|archivedate=November 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101041239/https://deadline.com/2020/10/warner-bros-television-group-overall-deal-patrisse-cullors-black-lives-matter-1234597810/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Echiche na ọnọdụ iwu ===
Cullors na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka onye mkpọrọ, ndị uwe ojii na &quot;militarization&quot; abolitionist, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Abolition And Reparations: Histories of Resistance, Transformative Justice, And Accountability|url=https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/04/abolition-and-reparations-histories-of-resistance-transformative-justice-and-accountability/|author=Patrisse Cullors|work=[[Harvard Law Review]]|date=April 10, 2019|accessdate=2020-07-09|quote=Our task is not only to abolish prisons, policing, and militarization, which are wielded in the name of 'public safety' and 'national security'.|archivedate=July 29, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729103049/https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/04/abolition-and-reparations-histories-of-resistance-transformative-justice-and-accountability/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọnọdụ ọ na-ekwu na ọ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke &quot;ihe nketa nke ndị isi ojii na-eduzi ọgụ megide ọchịchị na United States na n'ebe niile na Amerịka. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Abolitionists still have work to do in America {{!}} Patrisse Cullors|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/30/abolitionists-still-have-work-to-do-in-america|work=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|date=2017-07-30|accessdate=2020-07-09|archivedate=July 24, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724222945/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jul/30/abolitionists-still-have-work-to-do-in-america}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-akwado nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka ihe ọ kọwara dị ka &quot;ihe mgbu na mmebi nke ndị Europe bi na ya kpatara,&quot; n'ụdị dị iche iche, dị ka &quot;nweghachi ego, nkesa ala, nkesa onwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mmemme agụmakwụkwọ metụtara ọdịbendị, na-ịlaghachi asụsụ&quot; (nkwado).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ọ zoro aka na onye na-akwado Weather Underground na onye mkpọrọ Eric Mann dị ka onye ndụmọdụ n'oge mmalite nke ngagharị iwe Los Angeles Bus Riders Union. Ọ na-adọta echiche dị iche iche. Otu bụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii dị ka Audre Lorde na ya &quot;Black, queer, lens feminist,&quot; na Bell: ha abụọ &quot;nyere aka ịghọta njirimara.&quot; [2] [3] Ọ na-akpọ Angela Davis maka &quot;onyinye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke echiche maka mmegharị ndị na-emegide ndị isi obodo gburugburu ụwa&quot;, na ọrụ ya na &quot;mgbochi ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na agha na United States. Frantz Fanon bụ ihe ọzọ na-akpali akpali, &quot;onye na-arụ ọrụ na ime ihe ike na Algeria na n'ofe ụwa nke atọ [na-eme] njikọ oge&quot; na nghọta nke ọnọdụ ụwa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ndị isi ojii [pro Zee Karnin]. nke ihe akụ na ụba anyị nwere ike ịbụ.&quot;[3] [4] N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2015 e bipụtara na 2020, Cullors kwuru na ya na onye nchoputa Garza bụ &quot;ndị Marxist zụrụ azụ&quot;.

Mgbe a jụrụ ya ma ọ kwenyere na ime ihe ike dị ka usoro mkpesa, o kwuru na ọ kwenyere &quot;n'omume kpọmkwem, mana omume na-abụghị nke ime ihe ike,&quot; nakwa na nke a bụkwa nkwenye nke Black Lives Matter movement.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Simmons|first=Ann M.|date=2017-08-25|title=A founder of Black Lives Matter answers a question on many minds: Where did it go?|url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-patrisse-cullors-black-lives-matter-2017-htmlstory.html|accessdate=2020-08-01|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US|archivedate=December 9, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209095715/https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-patrisse-cullors-black-lives-matter-2017-htmlstory.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In February 2020, Cullors co-endorsed Senators Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Walker|first=James|date=February 25, 2020|title=Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Endorses Sanders and Warren, Says It Is Time for Biden to Stand Down|url=https://www.newsweek.com/black-lives-matter-co-founder-endorses-sanders-warren-1488912|journal=Newsweek|accessdate=February 27, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 2014, Cullors mepụtara ihe nkiri POWER: From the Mouths of the Occupied, nke malitere na Highways Performance Space . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PATRISSE CULLORS – Power: From the Mouths of the Occupied|url=http://highwaysperformance.org/highways/event/power-from-the-mouths-of-the-occupied-2/|work=Highways|publisher=Highways Performance Space|accessdate=January 18, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119054614/http://highwaysperformance.org/highways/event/power-from-the-mouths-of-the-occupied-2/|archivedate=January 19, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nyela edemede banyere mmegharị ahụ na LA Progressive,  gụnyere edemede sitere na Disemba 2015 nke akpọrọ &quot;The Future of Black Life&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.laprogressive.com/author/patrisse-marie-cullors/|title=About Patrisse Cullors|work=LA Progressive|language=en-US|accessdate=March 30, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227123535/https://www.laprogressive.com/author/patrisse-marie-cullors/|archivedate=February 27, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke kpaliri echiche na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe enweghịzi ike ichere ka steeti mee ihe, ma kpọọ ndị na-eso ụzọ ya ka ha mee ihe site n'ịgba ha ume ịmalite iwu ụwa ha chọrọ ịhụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.laprogressive.com/patrisse-cullors/|title=The Future of Black Life|date=December 31, 2015|work=LA Progressive|accessdate=February 7, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akwụkwọ ===
Ihe ncheta Cullors, Mgbe ha na-akpọ gị onye na-eyi ọha egwu: A Black Lives Matter Memoir[1] [2] ka ebipụtara na Jenụwarị 2018. Edere ya na onye nta akụkọ Asha Bandele[3] wee gosipụta okwu mmalite nke Angela Davis. E kewara akwụkwọ ahụ ụzọ abụọ, Ọkpụkpụ Niile Anyị Pụrụ Ịchọta, nke na-akọ akụkọ ntorobịa ya, na Black Lives Matter, nke na-akọwa otú ahụmahụ ndị ahụ si mee ka ọ banye n'òtù ikpe ziri ezi. Akwụkwọ ahụ na-atụle n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na disenfranchisement nke ndị ikom ojii dị ka nna ya, n'ụlọ mkpọrọ &quot;dị ka ụzọ nke ọha mmadụ na-anabata iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe ... Echere m na anyị nwere nsogbu na-apụ na ndị ogbenye obodo, Black obodo karịsịa, na reinvesting ego azụ n'ime obodo ndị a na uwe ojii, ụlọ mkpọrọ, ụlọikpe, jails&quot; [4]. N'Isi nke 13 nke Oku, Azịza, Cullors na-akọwa usoro ngagharị iwe mbụ, nke Garza na Tometi haziri na nzaghachi nye ntọhapụ Zimmerman. Isiakwụkwọ ahụ kwubiri: “Anyị bụ ọgbọ a kpọrọ ime ihe.”[4] The Times Literary Supplement kpọrọ akwụkwọ ahụ “ọrụ dị ebube.”

St Martin's Press wepụtara akwụkwọ nke abụọ ya na 25 Jenụwarị 2022, nke akpọrọ An Abolitionist's Handbook: 12 Steps to Change Yourself and the World . Cullors kọwara ya dị ka onye nduzi maka ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe banyere otu esi elekọta ibe ha ma dozie esemokwu dị n'ime mgbe ha na-eme mkpọsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC resign&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=May 27, 2021|title=BLM's Patrisse Cullors to step down from movement foundation|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/blms-patrisse-cullors-step-movement-foundation-77951139|accessdate=June 2, 2021|archivedate=June 2, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602000537/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/blms-patrisse-cullors-step-movement-foundation-77951139}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='I GOT QUESTIONS': Patrisse Cullors Shows Us How To Be Abolitionist|author=Ida Harris|work=MadameNoire|url=https://madamenoire.com/1309717/patrisse-cullors-abolitionist-handb/|date=March 20, 2022|accessdate=March 23, 2022|archivedate=March 24, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324022641/https://madamenoire.com/1309717/patrisse-cullors-abolitionist-handb/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Telivishọn na ihe nkiri ===
Cullors pụtara na 2016 documentary Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement .

She subsequently produced the YouTube Originals series ''Resist'', which premiered November 18, 2020. The 12-part series followed Cullors and other activists in episodes 6-11-minutes in length. The series aired free on Cullors' YouTube channel, and she described it as well-received, telling IndieWire that &quot;Folks were moved, and also I think surprised at how not boring the series is.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Mount|first=Bailey|title=Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Fights for Prison Reform in New Docu-Series 'Resist'|work=IndieWire|accessdate=2023-05-29|date=2018-04-13|url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/black-lives-matter-resist-blackpills-patrisse-khan-cullors-1201948652/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Natalie|author=Oganesyan|accessdate=2023-05-30|title=Netflix Unveils Trailer for Shondaland's 'Dance Dreams: Hot Chocolate Nutcracker' (TV News Roundup)|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/netflix-shondaland-dance-dreams-hot-chocolate-nutcracker1234830473-1234830473/|date=12 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2023-05-30|title=YouTube Announces New Content to Amplify Black Voices Including a Patrisse Cullors Documentary and an HBCU Livestream Special|url=https://www.theroot.com/youtube-announces-new-content-to-amplify-black-voices-including-a-patrisse-cullors-documentary-and-an-hbcu-livestream-special|date=8 October 2020|work=The Root}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, Cullors bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọtụtụ afọ na Warner Brothers iji mepụta mmemme mbụ lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwalite Black Lives Matter na Black perspectives, mana e mechara kagbuo nkwekọrịta ahụ na 2022 mgbe a kọrọ na ọ nweghị ọdịnaya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 15, 2020|title=Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Patrisse Cullors Signs Overall Deal With Warner Bros. Television Group|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/black-lives-matter-founder-patrisse-cullors-warner-bros-television-group-overall-deal-1234806076/|accessdate=April 19, 2021|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archivedate=April 17, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417210921/https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/black-lives-matter-founder-patrisse-cullors-warner-bros-television-group-overall-deal-1234806076/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Brown|first=Evan Nicole|title=Patrisse Cullors, No Longer a Leader of BLM, Charts a New Course|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=2023-05-29|date=2022-01-22|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/arts/patrisse-cullors-interview-book-black-lives-matter-1235079401/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/black-lives-matter-founder-patrisse-cullors-warner-bros-television-group-overall-deal-1234806076/|title=Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Patrisse Cullors Signs Overall Deal with Warner Bros. Television Group|date=October 15, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Cullors na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;MSNBC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Queerness on the front lines of #BlackLivesMatter|publisher=MSNBC|date=February 19, 2015|url=http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/queerness-on-the-front-lines-of-blacklivesmatter-401658435959|accessdate=January 4, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103171804/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/queerness-on-the-front-lines-of-blacklivesmatter-401658435959|archivedate=January 3, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2016, ọ lụrụ Janaya Khan, onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke so guzobe Black Lives Matter Toronto. [a]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lewis-Peart|first=David|date=March 21, 2016|title=Janaya Khan, Black Lives Matter Toronto Co-Founder, On Racism And Self-Care|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/03/21/janaya-khan-black-lives-matter-_n_9481548.html|accessdate=February 2, 2018|work=The Huffington Post (Canada Edition)|archivedate=March 5, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305063507/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2016/03/21/janaya-khan-black-lives-matter-_n_9481548.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Khandaker|first=Tamara|date=April 6, 2016|title=This Is What Sets Toronto's Black Lives Matter Movement Apart from America's|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/this-is-what-sets-torontos-black-lives-matter-movement-apart-from-americas/|accessdate=February 3, 2018|work=[[Vice News]]|archivedate=March 5, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305142558/https://news.vice.com/article/this-is-what-sets-torontos-black-lives-matter-movement-apart-from-americas}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2021, ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi kọrọ na a chụrụla Cullors (ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ ya) na White House afọ ise.[1] Ndị nkatọ boro ya ebubo na ọ na-eji Black Lives Matter kwalite onwe ya ma bo ya ebubo na ọ bụ onye ihu abụọ maka White House dịka onye na-akpọ onwe ya &quot;Marxist&quot;. Cullors gọnahụrụ ihe ọjọọ ọ bụla ma gbachiteere omume ya dị ka ụzọ isi chebe onwe ya ma ọ bụ dị ka &quot;ndị dị ike na-emegharị mgbasa ozi m&quot;[2]. N'ime akụkọ nke atọ, Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation gọnarịrị na o dere banyere nzụlite ya wee kwuo na ọ hụbeghị ya na 2019, na ọ kwụrụ ya $ 120,000 na 2013 maka ọrụ ya na fim ahụ.[1][2][3][4]

Nwanne ya nwoke nke ọzọ Paul, onye na-ese ihe na onye guzobere Cullors Protection LLC, natara $ 840,000 site na BLMGNF maka nchekwa na ndụmọdụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vincent|first=Isabel|title=BLM paid co-founder Patrisse Cullors' graffiti artist brother $800K for 'security'|url=https://nypost.com/2022/05/18/blm-paid-patrisse-cullors-graffiti-artist-brother-800k-for-security/|publisher=New York Post|accessdate=2023-08-08|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cullors gbachitere iwe nwanne ya nwoke n'ọrụ, na-ekwu na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa edebanyere aha nke were ndị uwe ojii n'ọrụ enweghị ike ịtụkwasị obi.

Ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ Lincoln na BLM na-ebo ya ebubo na &quot;ijikwaa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mgba anyị.&quot; Isi nke 10 nke Foundation ahụ kwuru na Cullors nọ na-agba ọsọ isi nke ụmụ ya &quot;na-emegide ọchịchọ nke ọtụtụ ndị chọrọ nke ha&quot; nakwa na a gbochiri ndị nhazi otu ahụ ka ha sonye, yana na nzukọ ahụ enwetala obere nkwado ego maka ntọala 2013 ya. Cullors gbara arụkwaghịm na bọọdụ ndị isi nke Foundation na Mee 2021, na-ekwupụta ma okwu metụtara ọrụ yana nke mmụọ. Nsogbu nrụgide post-traumatic.[1]

N'afọ 2022, Cullors gọnahụrụ ebubo nke iji onyinye ndị e nyere Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, mana ọ kwetara na ọ na-anabata ndị otu abụọ n'otu nnukwu ụlọ BLM Foundation zụrụ maka nde $ 6.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|work=Associated Press|author=Morrison|first=Aaron|date=May 9, 2022|url=https://apnews.com/article/business-los-angeles-race-and-ethnicity-philanthropy-only-on-ap-db1db730c77540f0cbc614b0d3522b88|title=The AP Interview: BLM's Patrisse Cullors denies wrongdoing|accessdate=June 23, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye ==

* 2007 Mario Savio Young Activist of the Year&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.savio.org/young_activist_award.html|title=The Mario Savio Young Activist Award :: The Award|work=www.savio.org|accessdate=July 19, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722064811/http://www.savio.org/young_activist_award.html|archivedate=July 22, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye Nwe Akụkọ NAACP, 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.naacp.org/blog/entry/naacp-history-makers|title=&quot;NAACP History Makers&quot;.|accessdate=January 3, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805205242/http://www.naacp.org/blog/entry/naacp-history-makers|archivedate=August 5, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ya na Opal Tometi, na Alicia Garza (dị ka &quot;The Women of #BlackLivesMatter&quot;) depụtara dị ka otu n'ime mmadụ itoolu na-esote maka The Advocate's Person of the Year, 2015 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/people/2015/11/05/person-year-finalists|title=Person of the Year: The Finalists|work=advocate.com|date=November 5, 2015|accessdate=November 6, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517165455/https://www.advocate.com/people/2015/11/05/person-year-finalists|archivedate=May 17, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nwanyị mara mma nke Afọ, 2016 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Glamour's Women of the Year 2016: Gwen Stefani, Simone Biles, Ashley Graham, and More Honorees|url=http://www.glamour.com/story/announcing-glamours-women-of-the-year-2016|work=Galmour.com|date=November 1, 2016|accessdate=January 18, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202143240/http://www.glamour.com/story/announcing-glamours-women-of-the-year-2016|archivedate=February 2, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Otu n'ime ndị isi ụwa kachasị mma, 2016 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi|url=http://fortune.com/worlds-greatest-leaders/alicia-garza-patricia-cullors-opal-tometi-27/|work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|accessdate=January 18, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119052732/http://fortune.com/worlds-greatest-leaders/alicia-garza-patricia-cullors-opal-tometi-27/|archivedate=January 19, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Doctorate nsọpụrụ site na Mahadum Clarkson &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Commencement 2017|url=http://www.clarkson.edu/commencement/|work=Clarkson University|accessdate=January 18, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119053415/http://www.clarkson.edu/commencement/|archivedate=January 19, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* onye natara onyinye José Muñoz nke afọ 2018 site na CLAGS: The Center for LGBTQ Studies na CUNY Graduate Center &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gc.cuny.edu/All-GC-Events/Calendar/Detail?id=45154|title=LGBTQ Pride Month: A Conversation with Patrisse Cullors|work=www.gc.cuny.edu|accessdate=June 11, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141920/https://www.gc.cuny.edu/All-GC-Events/Calendar/Detail?id=45154|archivedate=June 12, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 2015, ''Los Angeles Times'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime &quot;ndị isi ọhụrụ na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Pearce|first=Matt|date=2015-03-06|title=The new civil rights leaders: Emerging voices in the 21st century|url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-civil-rights-leaders-br-20150304-htmlstory.html|accessdate=2021-01-24|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Na June 2020, iji kwanyere ncheta afọ iri ise nke ngagharị LGBTQ Pride mbụ, ''Queerty'' kpọrọ ya n'etiti ndị dike iri ise &quot;na-eduga mba ahụ n'ịha nhata, nnabata, na ùgwù maka ndị mmadụ niile&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Queerty Pride50 2020 Honorees|url=https://www.queerty.com/pride50/|accessdate=2020-06-30|work=Queerty|language=en-US|archivedate=July 24, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724142900/https://www.queerty.com/pride50}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tracer|first=Daniel|date=2020-06-26|title=Meet 6 Black trailblazers fighting racism: &quot;I didn't come to play; I came to dismantle white supremacy.&quot;|url=https://www.queerty.com/meet-six-black-trailblazers-fighting-systemic-racism-didnt-come-play-came-dismantle-white-supremacy-20200626|accessdate=2020-06-30|work=Queerty|archivedate=November 29, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129205426/https://www.queerty.com/meet-six-black-trailblazers-fighting-systemic-racism-didnt-come-play-came-dismantle-white-supremacy-20200626}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 2020, a gụnyere ya na ndepụta Time nke mmadụ 100 kachasị emetụta n'ụwa.
* Cullors nọ na ndepụta nke BBC's 100 Women mara ọkwa na Nọvemba 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-11-23|title=BBC 100 Women 2020: Who is on the list this year?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-55042935|accessdate=2020-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ya na Opal Tometi na Alicia Garza, a kpọrọ Cullors otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 2013 nke afọ site na Time na 2020 dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ &quot;100 Women of the Year&quot;.
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Edensibia ==
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 4px 1.5em&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:115%&quot; |Vidio ndị dị n'èzí
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left&quot; |[[C-SPAN]].org/video/?437490-1/after-words-patrisse-khan-cullors&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot;&gt;Mgbe Okwu gbara Patricia Khan-Cullors ajụjụ ọnụ na When They Call You a Terrorist: A Black Lives Matter Memoir, February 10, 2018, C-SPAN[[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|alt=video icon|class=noviewer|16x16px]]
|}
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  <page>
    <title>Jared French</title>
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      <text bytes="7544" sha1="ng876ctibald0rrpfb9n77fek0zzbg9" xml:space="preserve">Jared French (February 4, 1905 - January 8, 1988) bụ onye na-ese ihe n'Amerika ihe n'ihe gbasara oke akwa .  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na-ekwu na ụdị nka a mara dị ka kwuru eziokwu ndị ha na ha dịkọrọ ndụ George Tooker na Paul Cadmus &lt;ref name=&quot;NYTObit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Jared French Is Dead; Figural Artist Was 82|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/20/obituaries/jared-french-is-dead-figural-artist-was-82.html|accessdate=23 August 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=20 January 1988}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ConformConform&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Johnson|first=Ken|title=Conform, Conform, Wherever You Are: Modern Angst in 'George Tooker: A Retrospective' at the National Academy Museum|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/10/arts/design/10took.html|accessdate=23 August 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=9 October 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mbido ==
Amụrụ na Ossining, New York, [1] French nzere bachelọ nke Arts na-ahụ Amherst na 1925. N'oge na-ahụ anya mgbe nke a agha, ọ zutere wee mee enyi Paul Cadmus (1904–1999) na New York City.  , onye na-ahapụ onye ịgba ya n'anya.  [2] [3] French mere Cadmus ka ọ hapụ nka azụmahịa maka ihe o chere, &quot;ihe ọrụ dị egwu&quot;.  [4] [5] Na 1930, mgbe French na Cadmus bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na New York's Art Students League, onye na-ese ihe Ịtali bụ Luigi Lucioni na-ese French na ụzọ aha ya bụ Jared French, nke ugbu a nke  Metropolitan Museum of Art nwere na 1994. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Luigi Lucioni {{!}} Jared French {{!}} The Met|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/486522|work=metmuseum.org|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|accessdate=1 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915090145/http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/486522|archivedate=15 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
[[Usòrò:Painting_&quot;Cavalrymen_Crossing_a_River&quot;_at_Court_House_Annex,_Richmond,_Virginia_LCCN2010719844.tif|thumb| ''Ndị Cavalrymen na-agafe Osimiri'' (1939), ihe mkpuchi etiti French maka ụlọ Parcel Post na Richmond, Virginia, na-egosipụta ugbu a na Ụlọikpe Lewis F. Powell Jr. United States . Magazin ''Life'' kọrọ na French na-ese onwe ya n'ime ihe osise ahụ dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ yi uwe mgbochi. ]]
N'ọgwụgwụ 1930 na ngosi 1940s, French na-ese ihe nkiri New Deal.  [1] Eserese mbụ nke French dị egwu, ịbụ mara mma nke ka dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ike sitere na ihe oyiyi Greek Archaic .  [2] Ụbọchị ya mechara na-egosi &quot;ụdị biomorphism oge gboo,&quot; ụdị organic dị iche iche dị, mara mma, na-atụ aro.  [3] A na-eche na nkà pre uche Jungian nwere ike dị mkpa n'ihe oyiyi oyiyi dị na nke ntozu French.  Ihe osise ndị a na-ahụ anya nke ukwuu, ndị na-ahụ anya n'ihe osise ya na-egosi na ha bụ ndị òtù nke nna ochie nke ihe akpara mmadụ, ihe Carl Jung mbụ &quot; mkpokọta ihe ọ ALA &quot;  .  French n'onwe ya ekwughị ihe ọ lụdị isi ngosi nke onyonyo ya, ọ bụ ebe na n'ọkwa nke stylistic, , ike nke ihe onye ọrụ Renaissance oge mbụ nke ndị nna ukwu dị ka Mantegna na Piero della Francesca sere sere, dịka ọ  ebe n'akwa nke Tooker na Cadmus.  [4] N'ọkwa nke ewepụ, o mere naanị otu, nkenke, ókè nsogbu ebumnobi ya:&lt;blockquote&gt;Ọrụ m anọwo na-eche ogologo oge gbasara ihe nnọchianya nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke mmadụ na eluigwe na ala ya. Na mbụ, ihe kacha lebara ya anya bụ akụkụ anụ ahụ́ ya na eluigwe na ala nkịtị ya. Nke nta nke nta m malitere na-anọchi anya akụkụ nke ya psyche, ruo mgbe na The Sea (1946) na Evasion (1947), M gosiri nnọọ n'ụzọ doro anya m mmasị mmadụ n'ime eziokwu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Rediscovery&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=French|first=Jared|title=The Rediscovery of Jared French|date=1992|publisher=Midtown Payson Galleries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E4xQAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=Jared+French|accessdate=23 August 2016|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Maka ọkụ nke na ihe ọkpụkpụ, French na-ebe ihe osise maka post edo na Plymouth, Pennsylvania (1938), na maka Parcel Post Building na Richmond, Virginia (1939).

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Na 1937, French ngosi Margaret Hoening (nwụrụ 1998).  [1] [2] N'ime afọ sochirinụ Cadmus na ndị France na-ekpo ọkụ na Fire Island wee mkpokọta foto a na-akpọ PaJaMa (&quot;Paul, Jared, na Margaret&quot;).  [2] N'etiti Provincetown, Truro, Fire Island, na New York, ha mere foto dị iche iche nke ojii na ọcha nke onwe ha na ndị enyi ha, ma gba ɔtɔ na uwe.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị enyi ndị mmadụ na foto ndị a so na ndị na-eto eto na-ese ihe na New York, ndị na-agba egwu na ndị ode akwụkwọ, na ọtụtụ ndị mara mma na ndị nwere ikike nwoke.. &lt;ref name=&quot;PaJaMa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Smith|first=Roberta|title=PaJaMa, Whose Photographs Breathed Eroticism|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/06/arts/design/pajama-whose-photographs-breathed-eroticism.html|accessdate=23 August 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=5 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1938, French na Cadmus gbara onye na-ese foto ama ama George Platt Lynes maka foto dị nso (1907–1955).  Ebipụtaghị ma ọ bụ gosi foto ndị a mgbe Lynes nọ na-egosi chiri anya na-egosi nke ha abụọ.  [1] Na foto ndị a, 14 n'ime ha na-adị ndụ taa, isiokwu ndị ahụ, Cadmus na French, na-agbasa n'etiti i ihe na-enye, na French n'ozuzu bụ onye ngwere nke abụọ ahụ.  [1] Cadmus kwuru na French bụ ihe maka ndị nwoke anọ niile na ike 1935 ya, Gilding the Acrobats, yana ụzọ 1931, Jerry .  [1] Na mgbakwunye, French kpụrụ dị ka John Smith maka Cadmus 'mural na 1938, Pocahontas ikera Captain John Smith na Richmond Parcel Building.. &lt;ref name=&quot;Anreus&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Anreus, Alejandro|title=The Social and the Real: Political Art of the 1930s in the Western Hemisphere|date=2006|publisher=Penn State Press|isbn=027104716X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gis351noNcAC&amp;q=Jared+French&amp;pg=PA132|accessdate=23 August 2016|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe e ịhụ na 1940s, French na-egosi ya hiwere dị dị anya na Cadmus na Cadmus' n'anya mgbe ahụ, George Tooker (1920-2011).  [1] Mgbe French na-enye onyinye ụlọ na Hartland, Vermont, ha nyere Cadmus ụlọ nke ya na ihe ahụ ahụ.  French mechara weghachi ụlọ ahụ ma nye ya onye Ịtaliፍቃ n'anya. &lt;ref name=&quot;IntimateCompanions&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Leddick|first=David|title=Intimate Companions: A Triography of George Platt Lynes, Paul Cadmus, Lincoln Kirstein, and Their Circle|date=2015|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=9781250104786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8LCpCgAAQBAJ&amp;q=Jared+French&amp;pg=PT305|accessdate=23 August 2016|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

French nwụrụ na Rome na 1988 na ọtụtụ ihe osise ya na-ama na enyi ya Roberto Gianatta &lt;ref name=&quot;IntimateCompanions&quot; /&gt;

== Na-arụ ọrụ na mkpokọta ==
 

== Ihe ngosi ==
 

== Ntụaka ==

; Ihe ndetu
{{Reflist|2}}

; Ntụaka

* {{Cite book|first=Nancy|author=Grimes|title=Jared French's Myths|publisher=Pomegranate Artbooks|location=San Francisco, California|year=1993|isbn=1-56640-322-7}}
* [http://www.monograffi.com/magicrealism.htm The Essence of Magic Realism - Critical Study of the origins and development of Magic Realism in art.]
* Jerry Wechsler (1992) ''The Rediscovery of Jared French''. New York: Midtown Payson Galleries

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{Cite book|first=Alfonso|author=Panzetta|title=Jared French by Jared French|publisher=Torino: Allemandi|location=Italy|year=2010}}</text>
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    <title>Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown</title>
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'''Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown''' (amuru '''Elizabeth Romeyn Elwyn''' ; 28 Maachị 1922 – 17 Maachị 2002) bu onye omekome Britain amuru America. Ọ kwagara London na 1948 ma site na mgbe ahụ gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na HT Cadbury-Brown, di ya na onye mmekọ ọkachamara.

== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Elizabeth Elwyn na 1922 na Manhattan, New York. &lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot;/&gt; Nna ya, Adolf Elwyn, bụ prọfesọ neuro-anatomy na Mahadum Columbia, nne ya bụ onye na-elekọta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;/&gt; A zụlitere ya na Croton-on-Hudson, New York, wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ Hessian Hills. Ọ gụrụ Bekee obere oge na Columbia mana ọ gafere n'ọkwa na architecture mgbe otu afọ gachara. &lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Cadbury-Brown rụrụ ọrụ na omume New York ruo 1948, mgbe o kpebiri ịga Europe. Mgbe ọ nọ na Lọndọn, ọ zutere Bill Dale, bụ́ ọkàiwu nke ọ ga-emesịa lụọ, ma kpebie ịnọrọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/betty-cadbury-brown-9250194.html|title=Betty Cadbury-Brown|date=10 April 2014|first=Elain|author=Harwood|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=17 October 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHarwood2014&quot;&gt;Harwood, Elain (10 April 2014). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/betty-cadbury-brown-9250194.html &quot;Betty Cadbury-Brown&quot;]. ''[[The Independent]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 October&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na Royal Institute of British Architects gwara ya na ọ ga-esiri ya ike ịchọta ọrụ na London dị ka onye America na-enwechaghị ahụmahụ, ọ chọtara ọnọdụ akwụghị ụgwọ na omume Ernő Goldfinger . &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/may/17/guardianobituaries.arts|title=Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=17 May 2002|first=James|author=Dunnett|accessdate=17 October 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDunnett2002&quot;&gt;Dunnett, James (17 May 2002). [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/may/17/guardianobituaries.arts &quot;Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown&quot;]. ''[[Onye nche|The Guardian]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 October&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na HT Cadbury-Brown na 1949, na-enyere ya aka na atụmatụ maka Ememme Britain nke a ga-eme na 1951. &lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1389733/Elizabeth-Cadbury-Brown.html|title=Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown|date=4 April 2002|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=17 October 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1389733/Elizabeth-Cadbury-Brown.html &quot;Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown&quot;]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. 4 April 2002&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 October&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ha lụrụ di na nwunye ma mesịa mee ọnụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot; /&gt;

Ọnụ, ndị Cadbury-Brown jikọrọ aka na ọtụtụ ọrụ. N'ụlọ ọhụrụ maka Royal College of Art na Kensington Gore, London, nke HT Cadbury-Brown na Hugh Casson na Robert Goodden mere ma wuo n'etiti 1960 na 1963, Elizabeth bụ onye enyemaka na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ maka Ụlọ Nzukọ Gulbenkian, bụ ebe a na-ahụ mmetụta ya nke ọma. &lt;sup class=&quot;reference nowrap&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Page: 5&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;5&amp;#x200A;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Di na nwunye ahụ rụkwara ọrụ ọnụ na Gravesend Civic Center na Gravesend ; na arụmarụ ụlọ kansụl na-arụ ụka na njedebe ụwa, Chelsea, site na 1963; na ụlọ ihe nkiri nkuzi hexagonal maka Mahadum Essex na 1965–1967; na ụlọ ọba akwụkwọ na ebe obibi akwụkwọ nke Royal Academy of Arts na Burlington House na Piccadilly site na 1985 ruo 1987; na n'ụlọ nke Cadbury-Browns na Aldeburgh, Suffolk. &lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1389733/Elizabeth-Cadbury-Brown.html|title=Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown|date=4 April 2002|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=17 October 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1389733/Elizabeth-Cadbury-Brown.html &quot;Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown&quot;]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. 4 April 2002&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 October&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Cadbury-Brown lụrụ onye ọka iwu Bekee William Dale na 1949. &lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/betty-cadbury-brown-9250194.html|title=Betty Cadbury-Brown|date=10 April 2014|first=Elain|author=Harwood|work=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=17 October 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHarwood2014&quot;&gt;Harwood, Elain (10 April 2014). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/betty-cadbury-brown-9250194.html &quot;Betty Cadbury-Brown&quot;]. ''[[The Independent]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 October&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara Dale alụkwaghịm wee lụọkwa HT Cadbury-Brown na 1953. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/may/17/guardianobituaries.arts|title=Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=17 May 2002|first=James|author=Dunnett|accessdate=17 October 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDunnett2002&quot;&gt;Dunnett, James (17 May 2002). [https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/may/17/guardianobituaries.arts &quot;Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown&quot;]. ''[[Onye nche|The Guardian]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;17 October&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya biri n'udo wee bụrụ ezigbo enyi ya na Dale. &lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot; /&gt; Ọ nwụrụ na Aldeburgh na 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot; /&gt;

== Ntụaka ==</text>
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    <title>Ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi</title>
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      <text bytes="40939" sha1="5mf2o5jgtsj2jo8x0iov7829ahw45ds" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Ecosan concept showing a separation of flow streams, treatment and reuse.jpg|thumb|Echiche gburugburu ebe obibi na-egosi nkewa nke iyi na-asọ asọ, ọgwụgwọ na iji ya eme ihe ọzọ; ihe osise 2014]]
Ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi, nke a na-akpọkarị ecosan (nke a na-asụgharịkwa eco-san ma ọ bụ EcoSan), bụ ụzọ e si enweta ebe obibi ọcha nke na-achọ iji megharịa excreta na ọrụ ugbo n'enweghị nsogbu.[1] Ọ bụ ụzọ, kama teknụzụ ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ nke e ji mara ọchịchọ nke &quot;imechi akaghị&quot;, tumadi maka ihe oriri na ihe ndị dị ndụ n'etiti ịdị ọcha na ọrụ ugbo n'ụzọ dị nchebe. Otu n'ime ebumnuche a bụ ibelata iji akụrụngwa anaghị emeghari. Mgbe emebere ya nke ọma ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, sistemu ecosan na-enye usoro nchekwa dị ọcha iji mee ka excreta mmadụ bụrụ ihe na-edozi ahụ nke a ga-eweghachi n'ime ala, na iweghachi mmiri n'ala. A na-akpọkwa Ecosan dabere na akụrụngwa
 

== Nkọwa ==
Nkọwa nke ecosan dị iche iche n'oge gara aga. N'afọ 2012, ndị ọkachamara na Sweden chepụtara nkọwa zuru oke nke ecosan: &quot;Sistemụ ịdị ọcha nke gburugburu ebe obibi bụ usoro na-enye ohere maka ịmegharị ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ iji mepụta ihe ọkụkụ n'ụzọ na-ebelata iji ihe ndị a na-adịghị emeghari emeghari. ike siri ike ịbụ usoro ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ejikwa akụkụ teknụzụ, ụlọ ọrụ, mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke akụ na ụba nke ọma &quot;

Tupu afọ 2012, a na-ejikọkarị ecosan na ntụgharị mamịrị na ọkachasị na ụlọ mposi kpọrọ nkụ na-eme ka mamịrị dị jụụ (UDDTs), ụdị ụlọ mposi akọrọ. N'ihi nke a, a na-eji okwu ahụ bụ &quot;ụlọ mposi ecosan&quot; eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe mgbe ndị mmadụ na-ekwu maka UDDT.&lt;ref&gt;Rieck, C., von Münch, E., Hoffmann, H. (2012). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/874 Technology review of urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) - Overview on design, management, maintenance and costs]. Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, echiche ecoan ekwesịghị ịbụ naanị otu ụdị ụlọ mposi. Ọzọkwa, enwere ike iji UDDTs mee ihe n'enweghị ọrụ ọ bụla nke ha na-ekwekọghị na echiche ecosan (ihe atụ bụ UDDTs 80,000 nke eThekwini Municipality mejupụtara na nso Durban, South Africa). &lt;ref&gt;Roma, E., Holzwarth, S., Buckley, C. (2011). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/791 Large-scale peri-urban and rural sanitation with UDDTs, eThekwini Municipality (Durban), South Africa] - Case study of sustainable sanitation projects. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ojiji nke okwu &quot;ecosan&quot; ===
Nkọwa nke ecosan dị iche iche n'oge gara aga. N'afọ 2012, ndị ọkachamara na Sweden chepụtara nkọwa zuru oke nke ecosan: &quot;Sistemụ ịdị ọcha nke gburugburu ebe obibi bụ usoro na-enye ohere maka ịmegharị ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ iji mepụta ihe ọkụkụ n'ụzọ na-ebelata iji ihe ndị a na-adịghị emeghari emeghari. ike siri ike ịbụ usoro ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụrụ na a na-ejikwa akụkụ teknụzụ, ụlọ ọrụ, mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke akụ na ụba nke ọma.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

N'echiche ecoan, a na-ewere nsị mmadụ na mmiri na-adịghị mma dị ka ihe nwere ike isi mee - nke bụ ihe mere a na-akpọkwa ya &quot;ihe mkpofu na-emetụta ihe&quot;. A na-ejikwa okwu ahụ bụ &quot;mbu ọcha na-arụpụta ihe&quot; eme ihe kemgbe ihe dị ka afọ 2006.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== N'iji ya tụnyere okwu ahụ bụ &quot;nchekwa na-adịgide adịgide&quot; ===
Nkọwa nke ecosan na-elekwasị anya na ahụike, gburugburu ebe obibi na akụkụ akụrụngwa nke ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide. Ya mere ecosan abụghị, kwa otu, ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide, ma ecosan usoro nwere ike imejuputa ya n'ụzọ na-adịgide adịgide ma nwee ikike siri ike maka ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide, ma ọ bụrụ na a na-elekọta akụkụ teknụzụ, ụlọ ọrụ, mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke akụ na ụba nke ọma. Sistemụ Ecosan nwere ike ịbụ “nke anaghị adịgide adịgide” dịka ọmụmaatụ ma ọ bụrụ na nnabata onye ọrụ pere mpe ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ọnụ ahịa sistemụ ahụ dị oke maka otu ndị ọrụ ebumnuche enyere, na-eme ka usoro ahụ bụrụ nke enweghị ego n'ime ogologo oge..   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Nchịkọta ==
[[Usòrò:EcoSanRes_(2005)._Closing_the_loop_on_Sanitation..jpg|thumb|Ihe ngosi site na mmemme EcoSanRes: Imechi loop na Sanitation (2005) ]]
[[Usòrò:Ecosan_closing_the_loop_poster_by_CREPA.jpg|thumb|Ecosan na-emechi ihe ngosi loop (n'asụsụ French), site na NGO CREPA na 2005, a na-eji UDDTs eme ihe n'ihe atụ a]]
Ebumnuche bụ isi nke ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi bụ iji belata ihe ize ndụ ahụike metụtara ịdị ọcha, mmiri na ihe mkpofu emetọ; iji gbochie mmetọ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na mmetọ nke mmiri dị n&quot;elu; yana iji ihe oriri ma ọ bụ ike dị n'ime ihe mkpofu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=GTZ, IWA|year=2003|title=Ecosan - closing the loop - Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium, 7th–11th April 2003, Lübeck, Germany|publisher=Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH and International Water Association (IWA)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nweghachi ihe onwunwe ===
Nkwupụta dị na nkọwa nke ecosan na &quot;nweghachi n'enweghị nsogbu&quot; gụnyere akụkụ dị ọcha, microbial na kemịkal. Ya mere, ihe nsị mmadụ a rụgharịrị arụgharị, n'ụdị siri ike ma ọ bụ mmiri, ga-enwe àgwà dị elu ma gbasara pathogens na ụdị kemịkal niile dị ize ndụ. Nkwupụta &quot;iji ihe onwunwe ndị a na-apụghị imezigharị eme ihe na-ebelata&quot; pụtara na uru nke ihe onwunwa site na imegharị ihe ga-adị ukwuu karịa ọnụahịa nke ihe onyinyo site na imeghachi ihe.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ecosan dabeere n'echiche zuru oke nke ihe na-agafe dị ka akụkụ nke usoro nchịkwa mmiri na-adịghị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba nke dabara na mkpa nke ndị ọrụ na ọnọdụ mpaghara dị iche iche. Ọ naghị akwado teknụzụ mkpofu a kapịrị ọnụ, kama ọ bụ nkà ihe ọmụma ụfọdụ n'ijikwa ihe ndị a na-ahụ ugbu a dị ka mmiri na-adịghị mma na mmiri na-ebute ihe mkpofu maka mkpofu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

==== Iji ya eme ihe ọzọ dị ka fatịlaịza ====
Ndị mbụ na-akwado usoro gburugburu ebe obibi lekwasịrị anya n'ịbawanye mmepụta ugbo (site na iji nsị eme ihe ọzọ dị ka [[Ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme nri|fatịlaịza]]) wee si otú a melite ọnọdụ nri na-edozi ahụ nke ndị mmadụ n'otu oge ahụ na-enye ha ịdị ọcha.&lt;ref&gt;Esrey, S., Andersson, I., Hillers, A., Sawyer, R. (2001). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/788 Closing the Loop - Ecological sanitation for food security]. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, 2000.&lt;/ref&gt; Ebumnuche belata ọrịa bụ iji nweta ọ bụghị naanị site n'ibelata ọrịa a na-ebute site na ụzọ nsị na ọnụ kamakwa site n'iwelata nsogbu na-edozi ahụ n'ime ụmụaka. Njikọ a n'etiti WASH, nri na-edozi ahụ, ọrịa a na-akpọ entero-pathic gburugburu ebe obibi (ma ọ bụ entero-poty nke okpomọkụ)  yana uto ụmụaka na-ebelata arịgoola n'elu usoro ihe omume nke ngalaba WASH kemgbe ihe dị ka afọ 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Humphrey|first=J. H.|year=2009|title=Child undernutrition, tropical enteropathy, toilets, and handwashing|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1792|journal=The Lancet|volume=374|issue=9694|pages=1032–1035|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60950-8|pmid=19766883}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ule ọrụ ugbo gburugburu ụwa egosila uru a na-ahụ anya nke iji nsị a gwọrọ agwọ n'ọrụ ugbo dị ka fatịlaịza na ihe na-edozi ala. Nke a na-emetụta karịsịa iji mamịrị eme ihe. Ule iji ya eme ihe ọzọ na [[Zimbabwe]] gosipụtara nsonaazụ dị mma maka iji mamịrị na ahịhịa ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ahịhịhịa dị ka spinach ma ọ bụ ọka yana osisi mkpụrụ osisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Morgan, P. (2010). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/989 Ecological toilets - Start simple and upgrade from arborloo to VIP]. Harare, Zimbabwe&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Morgan, P. (2011). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1285 Trees as recyclers of nutrients present in human excreta - Main tree report]. Aquamor, and Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha ọzọ na [[Finland]] gosipụtara na ojiji nke mamịrị na ojiji na ntụ osisi &quot;nwere ike ịmepụta 27% na 10% karịa red beet root biomass&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Pradhan|first=Surendra K.|title=Human Urine and Wood Ash as Plant Nutrients for Red Beet (Beta vulgaris) Cultivation: Impacts on Yield Quality|journal=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry|volume=58|issue=3|pages=2034–2039|doi=10.1021/jf9029157|pmid=20050665|year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gosipụtara mamịrị n'ọtụtụ nnyocha ka ọ bụrụ ihe bara uru, nke dị mfe ijikwa fatịlaịza, nke nwere nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium na micro-nutrients dị mkpa.&lt;ref&gt;Richert, A., Gensch, R., Jönsson, H., Stenström, T., Dagerskog, L. (2010). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/757 Practical guidance on the use of urine in crop production]. Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Nlaghachi nke phosphorus ====
Akụkụ ọzọ nke usoro ecosan na-anwa idozi bụ ụkọ phosphorus na-abịa.&lt;ref&gt;Schröder, J., Cordell, D., Smit, A., Rosemarin, A. (2010). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1587 Sustainable use of phosphorus]. Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands&lt;/ref&gt; Phosphorus nwere ọrụ dị mkpa maka uto osisi, ya mere na mmepụta fatịlaịza, mana ọ bụ obere akụrụngwa.&lt;ref&gt;Soil Association (2010). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1591 A rock and hard place - Peak phosphorus and the threat to our food security]. Soil Association, Bristol, UK&lt;/ref&gt; Ọnọdụ ahụ yiri nke ahụ maka potassium. Ebe nchekwa nkume phosphate a ma ama na-aghọ ihe dị ụkọ ma na-efuwanye ọnụ iji wepụ - a na-akpọkwa nke a &quot;ihe kachasị elu phosphorus&quot;. Otu nyocha nke inye phosphate zuru ụwa ọnụ tụrụ aro na ọ bụrụ na anakọta ya, phosphate na mamịrị nwere ike inye 22% nke ngụkọta ihe achọrọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;MihelcicFry2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mihelcic|first=James R.|title=Global potential of phosphorus recovery from human urine and feces|journal=Chemosphere|volume=84|issue=6|year=2011|pages=832–839|issn=0045-6535|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.046|pmid=21429554}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Uru ===
Uru nke usoro gburugburu ebe obibi gụnyere: &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

* Mbelata iwebata pathogens site na nsị mmadụ n'ime usoro mmiri (mmiri ala na mmiri dị n'elu) - dịka ọmụmaatụ mmetọ mmiri dị n&quot;okpuru ala site na ụlọ mposi.
* Nchekwa nke ihe onwunwe site na mbelata mmiri ojiji, dochie fatịlaịza mineral na ibelata mmetọ mmiri.
* Obere ịdabere na phosphorus a na-egwupụta na ihe ndị ọzọ a na-apụghị imezigharị maka mmepụta fatịlaịza.
* Mbelata ojiji nke ike na mmepụta fatịlaịza: Urea bụ isi ihe mejupụtara mamịrị, ma anyị na-emepụta urea buru ibu site na iji mmanụ ala. Site n'ịchịkwa mamịrị nke ọma, enwere ike belata ụgwọ ọgwụgwọ yana ụgwọ fatịlaịza.

== Ihe ịma aka ==
A katọrọ usoro eco-sanism maka ilekwasị anya n'iji ya eme ihe ọzọ n'ọrụ ugbo, ebe ọ na-eleghara ụfọdụ n'ime ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ maka ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide anya. N'ezie, usoro ecosan nwere ike ịbụ &quot;ihe na-adịghị adịgide adịgide&quot;, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere obere nkwenye onye ọrụ ma ọ bụ ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọnụahịa nke usoro ahụ dị oke elu maka otu ndị ọrụ, na-eme ka usoro ahụ ghara ịdị irè n'ụzọ ego n'oge dị ogologo.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A katọrọ ụfọdụ ndị na-akwado ecosan dị ka ndị na-agbasi mbọ ike, na-ekwusi ike na nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi karịa ilekwasị anya na nchedo ahụike ọha na eze na inye ịdị ọcha na ọnụ ala (dịka ọmụmaatụ UDDTs, nke ụfọdụ ndị na'ime ha na-akpọ &quot;ụlọ mposi ecosan&quot;, nwere ike ịdị oke ọnụ iji wuo karịa ụlọ mposi, ọbụlagodi na ogologo oge ha dị ọnụ ala iji lekọta).   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Nchebe nke usoro ecosan n'ihe gbasara mbibi pathogen n'oge usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche bụ isiokwu na-aga n'ihu nke arụmụka n'etiti ndị na-akwado na ndị na-emegide usoro ecosan. Otú ọ dị, mbipụta nke Ntuziaka WHO na Reuse, na echiche ya dị iche iche, agaala ogologo oge n'ịmepụta usoro a na-ahụkarị maka iji ya eme ihe n'ụzọ dị nchebe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;WHO (2006). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1004 WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater] - Volume IV: Excreta and greywater use in agriculture. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland&lt;/ref&gt; Ka o sina dị, ajụjụ ahụ ka bụ ma enwere ike ịbawanye usoro gburugburu ebe obibi iji ruo ọtụtụ nde mmadụ na otu esi eme ka ha dị nchebe iji rụọ ọrụ. Mmetụta mbụ na mbido afọ 2000 site n'aka ndị ọsụ ụzọ ecosan agbanweela ka ha ghọta na ịgbanwe àgwà na omume na ịdị ọcha na-ewe ndidi dị ukwuu.

Acknowledgement for ecosan came with the awarding of the&amp;nbsp;[[Stockholm]] Water Prizein 2013 to Peter Morgan, a pioneer of handpumps and ventilated pit latrines (VIPs) in addition to ecosan-type toilets (the [[Arborloo]], the Skyloo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mallory|first=Adrian|date=2019-03-28|title=Agent-Based Modelling for Simulation-Based Design of Sustainable Faecal Sludge Management Systems|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|language=en|volume=16|issue=7|pages=1125|doi=10.3390/ijerph16071125|issn=1660-4601|pmid=30925829}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the Fossa alterna). Peter Morgan is renowned as one of the leading creators and proponents of ecological sanitation solutions, which enable the safe reuse of human excreta to enhance soil quality and crop production. His ecosan-type toilets are now in use in countries across the globe, centred on converting a sanitary problem into a productive resource.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.siwi.org/prizes/stockholmwaterprize/laureates/2013-2/|title=Sanitation innovator named 2013 Stockholm Water Prize Laureate|date=2013|accessdate=13 July 2015|publisher=Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI)|archivedate=14 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514151316/http://www.siwi.org/prizes/stockholmwaterprize/laureates/2013-2/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọzọkwa ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ nyocha nke Bill na Melinda Gates Foundation na-enye ego kemgbe ihe dị ka afọ 2011 na ịdị ọcha na-emeso mgbake akụ - nke a nwere ike ịbụ ihe nketa nke echiche ecosan, ọbụlagodi na ndị nchọpụta a ejighị okwu &quot;ecosan&quot; mee ihe.

== Nkà na ụzụ eji eme ihe na usoro gburugburu ebe obibi ==
[[Usòrò:Possible_technology_components_for_sustainable_sanitation.jpg|thumb|Akụkụ teknụzụ nwere ike maka ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide, nke ecosan bụ obere usoro na-elekwasị anya na ohere iji ya mee ihe ọzọ]]
Ecosan na-enye usoro na-agbanwe agbanwe, ebe enwere ike ijikọta ihe ndị dị n'etiti na ndị dị nro, mmiri na-ebugharị na ịdị ọcha, teknụzụ dị ala na teknụzụ ala, wdg. Site n'ịtụle nhọrọ dị iche iche, enwere ike ịmepụta ngwọta kachasị mma na akụ na ụba maka ọnọdụ ọ bụla.&lt;ref&gt;Jenssen, P., Heeb, J., Huba-Mang, E., Gnanakan, K., Warner, W., Refsgaard, K., Stenström, T., Guterstam, B., Alsen, K. (2004). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/184 Ecological Sanitation and Reuse of Wastewater - A thinkpiece on ecological sanitation.] The Agricultural University of Norway&lt;/ref&gt; Nkà na ụzụ eji eme ihe na usoro ecosan na-ejikarị - mana ọ bụghị mgbe niile - na-agụnye ihe ndị dị na nkewa nke isi iyi, ya bụ, idebe iyi mkpofu dị iche iche iche, n'ihi na nke a nwere ike ime ka ọgwụgwọ na iji ya mee ihe dị mfe.

Nkà na ụzụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe na usoro ecosan bụ ụlọ mposi kpọrọ nkụ na-eme ka mmiri na-emebi mmiri, mana usoro ecosan nwekwara ike iji teknụzụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka ụlọ mposi na-ekpo ọkụ jikọtara ya na ụlọ ọrụ biogas, ala mmiri e wuru, ụlọ mposi composting na ihe ndị ọzọ.

Enwere ike ịchọta ihe atụ nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi n'ụwa niile na ndepụta nke GIZ bipụtara na 2012, yana n'ọnọdụ ndị ahụ ọmụmụ nke Sustainable Sanitation Alliance bipụtara nke lekwasịrị anya na ọrụ iji ya eme ihe ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;GIZ (2012). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1423 Worldwide list of 324 documented ecosan projects by various organisations]. Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, Germany&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/case-studies|title=Case studies of sustainable sanitation projects|date=2013|accessdate=18 October 2014|publisher=Sustainable Sanitation Alliance|archivedate=14 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414080126/http://www.susana.org/en/resources/case-studies}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==

=== Ojiji nke nsị na usoro mkpofu ===
Nweghachi na ojiji nke mamịrị na nsị na &quot;usoro nhicha mmiri&quot;, ya bụ, na-enweghị nsị ma ọ bụ na-enweghị ịgwakọta mmiri buru ibu na nsị, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọdịbendị niile emeela ya. Ojiji a na-ejighị naanị maka mmepụta ugbo. Ndị Rom, dịka ọmụmaatụ, maara na ammonia na-acha ọcha n'ime mamịrị ma jiri ya mee ka uwe na-acha ọbara ọbara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

Ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo ọdịnala ghọtara uru nke ihe mkpofu mmadụ maka Ala na-eme nri ma na-eme nchịkọta &quot;akọrọ&quot; na iji ihe mkpofu mee ihe ọzọ. Nke a mere ka ha nwee ike ibi n'obodo ebe a na-eweghachi ihe oriri na ihe ndị dị n'ime nsị n'ala. Nkọwa akụkọ ihe mere eme banyere omume ndị a dị obere, mana a maara na a na-eji nsị eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na Eshia (dịka ọmụmaatụ na China, [[Japan]], Vietnam, Cambodia, Korea) kamakwa na Central na South America. Otú ọ dị, ihe atụ a ma ama nke nchịkọta a haziri ahazi na ojiji nke nsị mmadụ iji kwado mmepụta nri bụ nke China. A matara uru nke &quot;ala abalị&quot; dị ka fatịlaịza site na usoro mepụtara nke ọma iji mee ka nchịkọta nsị si n'obodo ukwu na njem ya gaa n'ọhịa. Ndị China maara uru nke iji nsị na mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ ihe karịrị afọ 2500 gara aga, na-enyere ha aka ịkwado ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ n'ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu karịa usoro ọrụ ugbo ọ bụla ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

Na [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]], ọdịbendị Aztec na-anakọta nsị mmadụ maka ọrụ ugbo. E dekọrọ otu ihe atụ nke omume a maka obodo Aztec nke Tenochtitlan nke e guzobere na 1325 ma bụrụ otu n'ime obodo ikpeazụ nke Mexico tupu ndị Hispanic (nke ndị Spain meriri na 1521): Ndị bi na ya tinyere ihe ndị ahụ n'ụgbọ mmiri pụrụ iche a kwụsịrị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri gburugburu obodo ahụ. A na-eji ngwakọta nke mkpocha na nsị eme ihe iji mee ka chinampas (ubi ọrụ ugbo) ma ọ bụ iji mee ka osimiri ndị dị n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ sie ike. A na-anakọta mamịrị n'ime akpa n'ụlọ niile, wee gwakọta ya na apịtị ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe na-acha ákwà. Ndị Aztec ghọtara mkpa ọ dị imegharị ihe na-edozi ahụ na ihe ndị dị na mmiri nsị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Becerril|first=J. E.|year=2007|title=Potable water and sanitation in Tenochtitlan: Aztec culture|journal=Water Science and Technology: Water Supply|volume=7|issue=1|pages=147–154|doi=10.2166/ws.2007.017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na [[Peru]], ndị Inca nwere nkwanye ùgwù dị elu maka nsị dị ka fatịlaịza, nke a na-echekwa, kpọọ nkụ ma na-afụ ụfụ iji jiri ya mee ihe mgbe a na-akụ ọka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Luethi book&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lüthi|first=C.|title=Sustainable sanitation in cities : a framework for action|date=2011|publisher=Papiroz Publ. House|location=Rijswijk|isbn=978-90-814088-4-4|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1019|accessdate=19 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ụwa na-emepechabeghị anya, iji nsị na mmiri ntụ na mmepụta ugbo bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Obodo ndị Europe na-emepe obodo ngwa ngwa na ịdị ọcha na-aghọwanye nsogbu na-arịwanye elu, ebe n'otu oge ahụ, obodo ndị ahụ n'onwe ha na-aghọta isi iyi dị mkpa nke ihe oriri ugbo. Omume nke iji ihe na-edozi ahụ mee ihe n'ime nsị na mmiri na-adịghị mma maka ọrụ ugbo gara n'ihu na Europe ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke 19. Ndị ọrụ ugbo, na-aghọta uru nke nsị, chọsiri ike inweta fatịlaịza ndị a iji mụbaa mmepụta na ịdị ọcha nke obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Lüthi, C., Panesar, A., Schütze, T., Norström, A., McConville, J., Parkinson, J., Saywell, D., Ingle, R. (2011). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1019 Sustainable sanitation in cities: a framework for action]. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU), Papiroz Publishing House&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akpọkwa omume a Onye ọrụ ugbo gong na England mana ọ na-ebu ọtụtụ ihe ize ndụ ahụike maka ndị na-ebugharị nsị na nsị.

E wezụga iji ya eme ihe n'onwe ya, a na-edozi nsị iji mepụta kemịkal dị ọcha. N'iji nitraries na nitre beds, mmadụ na-ewepụta nitrogen n'ime ya dị ka potassium nitrate (KNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;), ihe dị mkpa na ntụ ọkụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Narihiro|first=Takashi|title=Microbial Community Structure of Relict Niter-Beds Previously Used for Saltpeter Production|journal=PLOS One|date=11 August 2014|volume=9|issue=8|pages=e104752|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0104752}}&lt;/ref&gt; KNO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; bụkwa ihe kpatara nchọpụta nke nitric acid na narị afọ nke iri na asaa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0b&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Gillispie|first=Charles Coulston|url=https://archive.org/details/edgeofobjectivit00char|title=The Edge of Objectivity: An Essay in the History of Scientific Ideas|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1960|isbn=0-691-02350-6|location=Princeton, NJ|pages=223–24|authorlink=Charles Coulston Gillispie}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụdị ọdịnala nke ịdị ọcha na iji nsị eme ihe gara n'ihu n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ ma ka bụ ihe a na-emekarị n'oge ọbịbịa nke mgbanwe ụlọ ọrụ. Ọbụna ka ụwa na-aghọwanye obodo mepere emepe, a ka na-eji ihe oriri ndị dị na nsị ndị a na-anakọta site na usoro nhicha obodo na-enweghị ngwakọta na mmiri n'ọtụtụ obodo dị ka ihe enyemaka iji mee ka ala na-eme nri, n'agbanyeghị mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

=== Mbelata nke mgbake nke ihe na-edozi ahụ site na nsị mmadụ na usoro akọrọ ===
Nweghachi nke ihe na-edozi ahụ site na nsị na usoro nhicha na-abụghị nke nsị na-edoza nsogbu nhicha na ebe obibi na Europe na ebe ndị ọzọ ma na-enye aka n'ịchekwa mmepụta ugbo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, omume ahụ aghọghị ụzọ kachasị mma maka ịdị ọcha n'obodo ukwu na narị afọ nke 20 ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie ya na usoro ịdị ọcha nke na-enweghị mgbake na-edozi ahụ (ma e wezụga iji mmiri nsị eme ihe n'ọrụ ugbo n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ) - ọ dịkarịa ala maka obodo ndị nwere ike ịzụta ya.

E nwere isi ihe anọ na-akpali akpali nke dugara na njedebe na mgbake na ojiji nke nsị na mmiri ntụ site na obodo ndị Europe na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu: &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

* Uto nke obodo ukwu na ịdị anya site na ubi ugbo.
* Ịbawanye ojiji nke mmiri na ojiji nke ụlọ mposi: Mmiri na-asacha na-abawanye oke nke nsị, n'otu oge ahụ na-agbari ihe na-edozi ahụ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume ka ha nwetaghachi ma jiri ya mee ihe ọzọ dị ka ha dị na mbụ.
* Mmepụta nke fatịlaịza ndị dị ọnụ ala, na-eme mgbalị ọ bụla iji nwetaghachi ma jiri ihe na-edozi ahụ na ihe ndị sitere na nnukwu mpịakọta nke nsị.
* Ntinye aka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ka nsonaazụ nke mkpa a ghọtara maka mgbanwe n'ihe gbasara otu esi emeso ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ: Ruo na ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, echiche kachasị na mgbasa nke ọrịa bụ echiche miasma. Echiche a kwuru na a ga-ewepụ ihe niile na-esi ísì n'ihi na a na-eche na iku ume ọjọọ na-eduga n'ọrịa.

Ojiji nke nsị anụmanụ (nke na-esi ísì ụtọ) n'ọrụ ugbo anọgidewo na-aga n'ihu ruo taa, ma eleghị anya n'ihi na echeghị na nsị na-akpata ọrịa mmadụ.

* Iji mmiri mkpofu eme ihe ma ọ bụ iweghachite ihe onwunwe: Ojiji nke mmiri mkpofu a na-emeghị, a na-edozi ma ọ bụ nke a na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ịgba mmiri n'ọrụ ugbo (nke nwere ihe ize ndụ ahụike ma ọ bụrụ na emere ya n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nke na-emekarị na mba ndị na-emepe emepe); na
* Ntinye nke nsị na ala ọrụ ugbo nke na-enweghị esemokwu n'ọtụtụ mba mepere emepe n'ihi ihe ize ndụ nke mmetọ ala na ọla dị arọ na micropropinants ma ọ bụrụ na ejighi ya nke ọma (lee Biosolids).

=== Nnyocha site na 1990s gaa n'ihu ===
[[Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency]] (Sida) kwadoro &quot;SanRes R&amp;D program&quot; n'oge 1993 ruo 2001 nke tọrọ ntọala maka &quot;EcoSanRes program&quot; nke Stockholm Environment Institute mere (2002-2011).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eds.|title=Ecological sanitation|date=2004|publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute|location=Stockholm|isbn=978-9188714985|edition=2., rev. and enlarged|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/487}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rosemarin, A. (2006). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1968 EcoSanRes Programme - Phase Two 2006-2010]. Joint seminar of DWA and GTZ, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Germany&lt;/ref&gt; Otu mbipụta nke Sida kpọrọ &quot;Ecological sanitation&quot; na 1998 chịkọtara ihe ọmụma e mepụtara ruo ugbu a banyere ecosan n'akwụkwọ a ma ama nke e bipụtara dị ka mbipụta nke abụọ na 2004. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Eds.|title=Ecological sanitation|date=2004|publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute|location=Stockholm|isbn=978-9188714985|edition=2., rev. and enlarged|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/487}}&lt;/ref&gt; A sụgharịwokwa akwụkwọ ahụ n'asụsụ Chinese, French na Spanish.&lt;ref&gt;Esrey, S., Gough, J., Rapaport, D., Sawyer, R., Simpson-Hébert, M., Vargas, J., Winblad, U. (1998). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/818 Ecological Sanitation (in Chinese)]. SIDA, Sweden&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Esrey, S., Gough, J., Rapaport, D., Sawyer, R., Simpson-Hébert, M., Vargas, J., Winblad, U. (1998). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/868 Assainissement écologique (in French)] - Ecological sanitation. Département des Ressources Naturelles et de l'Environnement.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Winblad, U. (1999). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/412 Saneamiento ecológico (in Spanish)] - Ecological Sanitation. SIDA, FES&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị Germany GIZ nwekwara nnukwu &quot;usoro ihe omume ecosan&quot; site na 2001 ruo 2012. Ọ bụ ezie na a họọrọ okwu ahụ bụ &quot;ecosan&quot; na mbido nke mmemme a, site na 2007 gaa n'ihu, a na-eji okwu sara mbara &quot;nchekwa na-adịgide adịgide&quot; dochie ya. N'ezie, e guzobere Sustainable Sanitation Alliance na 2007 na mgbalị ịgbasawanye echiche ecoan na ijikọ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dị iche iche n'okpuru otu nche anwụ.

Nnyocha banyere otu esi eme ka ojiji nke mamịrị na nsị dị mma n'ọrụ ugbo bụ nke ndị Sweden na-eme, dịka ọmụmaatụ Hakan Jönsson na ndị otu ya, ndị akwụkwọ ha na &quot;Ntụziaka maka Ojiji nke Mmiri na Mmepụta Ihe Nkume&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Joensson, H., Richert Stintzing, A., Vinneras, B., Salomon, E. (2004). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/187 Guidelines on the Use of Urine and Faeces in Crop Production]. Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden&lt;/ref&gt; bụ ihe dị ịrịba ama nke e mesịrị tinye n'ime WHO &quot;Ntụ isi maka Ojiji Dị Mma nke Mmiri Wastewater, Excreta na Greywater&quot; site na 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Echiche ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi iji mee ihe ọzọ, nke bụ isi nkuku nke mbipụta a, emeela ka a ghọta nke ọma otu esi eme ihe ọzọ n'enweghị nsogbu.

=== Ọmụmụ ihe na nzukọ ===
Na mbido, e nwere &quot;nkwurịta okwu ecosan&quot; iji gosipụta ma kwurịta nyocha gbasara ọrụ ecosan:

* E mere ogbako izizi banyere ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi na Balingsholm, Sweden na 1997, ebe ndị ọkachamara niile guzobere n'oge ahụ, dị ka Håkan Jönsson, Peter Morgan (onye mmeri nke 2013 Stockholm Water Prize), &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt; Ron Sawyer, George Anna Clark na Gunder Edström sonyere.
* Ọmụmụ ihe na Mexico na 1999 n'aha &quot;Closing the Loop - Ecological sanitation for food security&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first=Steven A.|author=Esrey|title=Closing the loop ecological sanitation for food security|date=2001|publisher=SIDA|location=[Stockholm]|isbn=978-9158689350}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nzukọ Ecosan na Bonn, Germany na 2000
* Nzukọ mba ụwa mbụ na Nanning, China na 2001
* Nzukọ nke abụọ na Lübeck Germany na 2003 &lt;ref&gt;GTZ, IWA (2003). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2090 Ecosan - closing the loop - Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium], 7th –11th April 2003, Lübeck, Germany. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH and International Water Association (IWA)&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nzukọ nke atọ na Durban, South Africa na 2005
* Nzukọ Ecosan na Fortaleza, Brazil kpọrọ &quot;Nzukọ Mba Nile na Nchebe Na-adịgide adịgide - Mmiri na Ncheben Nri maka Latin America&quot; na 2007 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/conference-materials-2/2007/117-conference-qwater-and-food-security-for-latin-americaq-brazil-2007|title=&quot;Water and Food Security for Latin America&quot;, Fortaleza|date=2007|accessdate=13 July 2015|work=Sustainable Sanitation Alliance|publisher=SuSanA|archivedate=14 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714032255/http://www.susana.org/en/resources/conference-materials-2/2007/117-conference-qwater-and-food-security-for-latin-americaq-brazil-2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kemgbe ahụ, a na-ejikọta isiokwu ecosan na nzukọ ndị ọzọ nke WASH, a naghịzi ahazi nzukọ ecosan dị iche iche.

=== Esemokwu n'etiti ndị ọkachamara ===
During the 1990s, when the term ecosan was something new, discussions were heated and confrontational.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Supporters of ecosan claimed the corner on containment, treatment and reuse. The proponents of conventional sanitation systems on the other side defended [[Ụlọ mposi|pit latrines]] and waterborne sewage systems. Ecosan supporters criticized conventional sanitation for contaminating waterways with nutrients and pathogens.&amp;nbsp;Since about 2007, the two opposing sides have slowly found ways of dealing with each other, and the formation of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance in that year has further helped to provide a space for all sanitation actors to meet and push into the same direction of sustainable sanitation.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

== Ihe Nlereanya ==

* Sweden bụ onye ndu na Europe iji tinye ecoan n'ọrụ n'ụzọ ka ukwuu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Obodo Tanum dị na Sweden ewebatala ụlọ mposi nkewa nke mamịrị n'ihi ala ha siri ike na ihe ịma aka na mbụ, ma mesịa weghachite phosphorus.&lt;ref&gt;Kvarnström, E., Emilsson, K., Richert Stintzing, A., Johansson, M., Jönsson, H., Petersens, E. af, Schönning, C., Christensen, J., Hellström, D., Qvarnström, L., Ridderstolpe, P., Drangert, J. (2006). [https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/192 Urine Diversion - One Step Towards Sustainable Sanitation]. EcoSanRes, Report 2006-1&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sweden emeela ka o kwe omume na 2013 iji kwado mmiri ojii dị nchebe na nke dị ọcha (mmanụ na nsị mmadụ) site na usoro mmiri ojii na maka iji ya mee ihe ọzọ dị ka fatịlaịza a ma ama. Usoro mmiri ojii dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ụlọ mposi ma ọ bụ tankị septic. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ Swedish Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Engineering mepụtara ụkpụrụ maka asambodo ahụ ma nwee ike ịkwadebe ụzọ maka ndị ọrụ ugbo iji ihe mkpofu mmadụ maka mmepụta ugbo. Njikọ nke ndị ọrụ ugbo Sweden anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmepe a. Ọzọkwa, Swedish EPA na aro ikpeazụ ha na 2014 belatara ihe ize ndụ ịdị ọcha metụtara mamịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.naturvardsverket.se/Documents/publikationer6400/978-91-620-6580-5.pdf?pid=9620|title=Swedish EPA|accessdate=18 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) mere nnukwu mmemme nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ nke a na-akpọ &quot;Ecosanres&quot; site na 2001 ruo 2011. Otu n'ime ọrụ nnwale &quot;ecosan kpọrọ nkụ&quot; (ya bụ site na iji Ụlọ mposi kpọrọ nkụ) nke mmemme a bụ mmejuputa UDDTs buru ibu na ụlọ nwere ọtụtụ okpukpu yana teknụzụ ndị ọzọ iji nye ohere iweghachite ihe onwunwe site na nsị.&lt;ref&gt;McConville, J., Rosemarin, A. (2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170629174343/http://www.susana.org/en/resources/case-studies/details/1049 Urine diversion dry toilets and greywater system, Erdos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China - Case study of sustainable sanitation projects]. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA)&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ ọrụ a Erdos Eco-Town Project n'obodo a na-akpọ Erdos na Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region nke China. Ọ bụ njikọ aka n'etiti gọọmentị Dongsheng District na Erdos na Stockholm Environment Institute ma chọọ ịchekwa mmiri ma nye ọrụ nhicha na mpaghara a na-emepe emepe nke ugwu China. Maka ọtụtụ ihe gbasara teknụzụ, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ụlọ ọrụ, ewepụrụ UDDTs mgbe naanị afọ ole na ole gachara ma ọrụ ahụ emeghị ka ọ dị n'ógbè mgbake nke ihe oriri. A na-edepụta ọrụ a nke ọma ugbu a ma mee ka a mara ihe ịma aka na ọghọm nke &quot;ecosan obodo&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;Flores, A. (2010). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1172 Towards sustainable sanitation: evaluating the sustainability of resource-oriented sanitation]. PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge, UK&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rosemarin|first=Arno|title=The challenges of urban ecological sanitation : lessons from the Erdos eco-town project|date=2012|publisher=Practical Action Publishers|isbn=978-1853397684|pages=116|url=http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2103}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Rich Earth Institute dị na Brattleboro, [[Vermont]], US, bụ otu NGO raara onwe ya nye iweghachite mamịrị mmadụ dị ka fatịlaịza. Ha eguzobewo naanị mmemme na-edozi ahụ nke obodo na United States ma na-eme nchọpụta ma na-emepụta teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ iji melite ojiji nke mamịrị dị ka fatịlaịza. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://richearthinstitute.org/|title=Rich Earth Institute|accessdate=21 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Ihe Ndị Dị Ndụ Na-adịgide Adịgide|SOIL]] na Haiti wuru ihe ha na-akpọ &quot;ụlọ mposi ecosan&quot; (UDDTs) dị ka akụkụ nke mgbalị enyemaka mberede na-esote ala ọma jijiji Haiti nke afọ 2010. Ihe karịrị ndị Haiti 20,000 na-eji ụlọ mposi SOIL eme ihe ugbu a ma SOIL emepụtala ihe karịrị lita 400,000 nke compost n'ihi ya.&lt;ref&gt;SOIL (2011). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1421 The SOIL guide to ecological sanitation]. Sustainable Organic Integrated Livelihoods (SOIL), Sherburne NY, US&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eji compost ahụ eme ihe maka ọrụ ugbo na ime ka osisi dịghachi mma. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111027193954/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/10/111026-haiti-waste-poop-fertilizer-farms-soil-science-environment/ &quot;Human Waste to Revive Haitian Farmland?&quot;], ''The National Geographic'', Christine Dell'Amore, 26 October 2011&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro composting nke SOIL dị irè n'ime ka àkwá ''Ascaris'' ghara ịrụ ọrụ - ihe na-egosi àkwá helminth n'ozuzu ya - na nsị a chịkọtara site na ụlọ mposi kpọrọ nkụ n'ime izu 16. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Ascaris and Escherichia coli Inactivation in an Ecological Sanitation System in Port-au-Prince, Haiti|journal=PLOS One|date=1 May 2015|pmid=25932948|pages=e0125336|volume=10|issue=5|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0125336|first=David|author=Berendes}}&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro composting na nlekota nke SOIL ji mee ihe na Haiti nwere ike ịbụ ihe atụ maka ntọala mba ụwa ndị ọzọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* Sanitation First, otu NGO na UK na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ ecoan (UDDTs) n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ụwa na-emepe emepe. Ha na-arụkarị ọrụ na Tamil Nadu (India), ebe Gọọmentị Tamil Nadu State na-enye nkwado maka ọrụ ha. Ha ewuwokwa ecosan n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ime obodo [[Ndia|India]], [[Kenya]] na [[Sierra Leone]]. Dị ka ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ha si kwuo, mmadụ 58,000 n'ụwa niile na-eji ụlọ mposi ha eme ihe na 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sanitation First - Tackling Poverty One Toilet at a Time|url=https://sanitationfirst.org/|accessdate=2021-08-02|work=Sanitation First|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724161155/https://sanitationfirst.org/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* NGO CREPA nke na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara West Africa na-asụ French (nke a na-akpọ WSA - Mmiri na Ịdị ọcha n'Africa ugbu a) na-arụsi ọrụ ike na nkwalite gburugburu ebe obibi site na 2002 ruo 2010 na-elekwasị anya na UDDTs tinyere iji ya eme ihe ọzọ n'ọrụ ugbo, ọkachasị na [[Burkina Faso]].&lt;ref&gt;Nana, C., Dagerskog, L. (2010). [https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/886 Productive sanitation initiatives in rural Burkina Faso and Niger – links to human rights - Good sanitation practices in relation to human rights]. EcoSanRes, SEI, CREPA (presentation at human rights seminar, Geneva, Switzerland)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Henry, L. (2011). [https://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/1435 Agriculture as a Driver for Sanitation - CREPA's Experience (Burkina Faso)]. Presented on 20 July 2011 at a seminar at AfricaSan3 (Kigali, Rwanda) on Linkages between Agriculture and Productive Sanitation: Scaling up Ecosan in Africa&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebem si dee ==

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'''Estelle Ceulemans''' (amụrụ 12 Febụwarị 1970) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Belgium na onye otu azụmaahịa sitere na Socialist Party . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gérard|first=Laurent|date=2024-06-19|title=Qui est Estelle Ceulemans, qui occupera la deuxième place sur la liste du PS aux élections européennes de juin 2024 ?|url=https://www.lalibre.be/belgique/2023/12/18/qui-est-estelle-ceulemans-qui-occupera-la-deuxieme-place-sur-la-liste-du-ps-aux-elections-europeennes-de-juin-2024-FIXZ4BCA45CKFPHE55LTDLXSOE/|accessdate=2024-06-19|work=La Libre.be|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke FGTB Brussels site na 2018 ruo 2024. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=|url=https://www.lecho.be/economie-politique/belgique/bruxelles/estelle-ceulemans-nouvelle-cheffe-de-la-fgtb-bruxelles/10014681.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya onye otu nzuko omeiwu European (MEP) maka kọleji ntuli aka na-asụ French na ntuli aka nzuko omeiwu Europe 2024 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Estelle Ceulemans (ex-FGTB), candidate PS à l'Europe : 'Il y a une criminalisation du rôle des organisations syndicales'|url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/estelle-ceulemans-ex-fgtb-candidate-ps-a-l-europe-il-y-a-une-criminalisation-du-role-des-organisations-syndicales-11367914|accessdate=2024-06-19|work=RTBF|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị omeiwu Europe (2024-2029)

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[[Usòrò:Tillage.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|275x275px|Ogwe ọka mgbe owuwe ihe ubi gasịrị (Plick for video) &lt;br /&gt;]]
Ịkọ ugbo bụ nkwadebe nke ala site na mgbakasị igwe nke ụdị dị iche iche, dị ka igwu ala, ịkpali, na ịtụgharị. Ọmụmaatụ nke ụzọ ịkọ ugbo na-akwado mmadụ site na iji ngwa aka gụnyere shọvel, ịhọpụta, ọrụ mattock, ịkwọ ụgbọ na ịkwọ ụgbọ. Ọmụmaatụ nke arụrụ arụ-anụmanụ na-arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ mechanized na-agụnye ịkọ ihe (ịtụgharị na bọọdụ mkpụkọ ma ọ bụ chiseling na chisel shanks), ịgbagharị agbagharị, na-atụgharị na ndị na-akpa anụ ma ọ bụ ndị na-agbagharị agbagharị ndị ọzọ, ịkpagbu, na iji nkịrịka ndị na-akọ ugbo (eze).

A na-ekewa ịkọ ugbo nke dị omimi na nke ọma dị ka nke mbụ, na ịkọ ugbo nke na-emighị emi na mgbe ụfọdụ ka a na-ahọrọ ebe bụ nke abụọ. Ahịhịa nke mbụ dị ka ịkọ ihe na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè n'elu ala, ebe ịkọ ugbo nke abụọ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, dị ka nke a chọrọ iji mee ezigbo mkpụrụ maka ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ. Igbu na rototilling na-ejikọtakarị ịkọ ugbo na nke abụọ n'otu ọrụ.

&quot;&quot;''Tillage''&quot; nwekwara ike ịpụta ala a na-akọ. Okwu a bu &quot;ihe ubi&quot; nwere otutu uzo nke gbakotara nke oma na nke &quot;ihe ubi&quot;. N'okwu n'ozuzu, ha abụọ nwere ike na-ezo aka na ọrụ ugbo. N'ime ọrụ ugbo, ha abụọ nwere ike na-ezo aka n'ụdị mkpasu iwe ala ọ bụla. Na mgbakwunye, &quot;''ịkụ mkpụrụ''&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;ịkọ&quot; nwere ike na-ezo aka n'echiche dị warara nke na-emighị emi, nhọrọ nke abụọ nke ubi ubi ahịrị n'ahịrị nke na-egbu ahịhịa ma na-echekwa ihe ọkụkụ.

== Nkọwa ==
''Ọrụ ugbo mbụ'' na-eme ka ala dị nro ma na-agwakọta na [[Ihe na-eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na-eme nri|fatịlaịza]] ma ọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ, na-emepe ala nwere ọdịdị siri ike.

Ugbo ala nke abụọ na-emepụta ala dị mma ma na-akpụzi ahịrị ndị ahụ mgbe ụfọdụ, na-akwadebe akwa mkpụrụ. Ọ na-enyekwa njikwa ahihia n'oge niile n'oge na-eto eto n'oge ntozu nke ihe ọkụkụ, ọ gwụla ma a na-enweta usoro nchịkwa ahihia ahụ site na usoro dị ala ma ọ bụ na-enweghị oge metụtara ahịhịa ahịhịa.

* Enwere ike iji harrows (nke nwere ọtụtụ ụdị na subtypes), [[Dibber|dibbles]], hoes, [[Iheejiegwala(Shọvel)|shọvel]], rotary tillers, subsoilers, ridge- ma ọ bụ bed-forming tillers, rollers, ma ọ bụ cultivators mee nkwadebe nke mkpụrụ osisi.
* A na-ejikarị ndị ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ hoes eme ihe n'ịchịkwa ahịhịa, ruo n'ókè nke a na-eme site n'ịkọ ugbo, nke na-enye nsogbu n'elu sentimita ole na ole nke ala gburugburu osisi ma na-enwe obere nsogbu nke osisi n'onwe ha. Ịkụ ugbo na-egbu ahịhịa site na usoro abụọ: iwepụ ha, ili akwụkwọ ha (ịkpụpụ photosynthesis ha), ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke ha abụọ. Nchịkwa ahịhịa na-egbochi ahịhịhịa ka ahịhụ ghara imeri ha (maka mmiri na ìhè anyanwụ) ma na-egide ahịhịrị ka ha ghara iru ọkwa mkpụrụ ha, si otú a belata mmegide nke ahịhụrụ n'ọdịnihu.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Usòrò:Tilling_with_Hungarian_Grey_cattles.tif|thumb|Ịkụ nta na ehi Grey nke Hungary]]
A na-eme Tilling na mbụ site na ọrụ mmadụ, mgbe ụfọdụ na-emetụta ndị ohu. A pụkwara iji anụmanụ ndị nwere okpu rụọ ọrụ ugbo ala site na ịzọ ụkwụ, na mgbakwunye na ezì, ndị nwere ikike okike ịgbọrọ mgbọrọgwụ n'ala mgbe niile ma ọ bụrụ na a hapụrụ ha. Mgbe ahụ, e mepụtara ogwu osisi.  (Ọ na-esiri ike ịkọwa kpọmkwem ụbọchị e mepụtara ya. ''Otú ọ dị, ihe akaebe mbụ nke iji ugbo eme ihe malitere n'ihe dị ka 4000 BCE na Mesopotemia'' (''Iraq nke oge a'') .  Enwere ike iji ọrụ mmadụ, ma ọ bụ ịnyịnya ibu, ehi, enyí, atụ mmiri, ma ọ ọ bụ anụmanụ siri ike yiri ya dọrọ ya. Ịnyịnya na-adịkarị njọ, ọ bụ ezie na a zụlitere ụdị dị ka Clydesdale dị ka anụmanụ na-ebugharị. 

Ịchụ nta nwere ike ịbụ ọrụ siri ike mgbe ụfọdụ. A tụlere akụkụ a na narị afọ nke iri na isii nke French [[Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba ọrụ ugbo|agronomic]] ederede nke Charles Estienne dere: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Estienne|first=Charles|title=Maison rustique, or The countrey farme· Compyled in the French tongue by Charles Steuens, and Iohn Liebault, Doctors of Physicke. And translated into English by Richard Surflet, practitioner in physicke. Now newly reuiewed, corrected, and augmented, with diuers large additions, out of the works of Serres his Agriculture, Vinet his Maison champestre, French. Albyterio in Spanish, Grilli in Italian; and other authors. And the husbandrie of France, Italie, and Spaine, reconciled and made to agree with ours here in England: by Geruase Markham. The whole contents are in the page following|year=1564|location=London|pages=11|language=en|chapter=CHAP. IIII.|chapterurl=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A00419.0001.001/1:5.1.4?rgn=div3;view=fulltext}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Ịbụ onye a ma ama nke ịkọ ugbo dị ka usoro ọrụ ugbo n'oge mmalite nke oge a nwere ihe jikọrọ ya na echiche banyere ihe ndị dị ndụ nke ndị na-eche echiche na Europe. N'afọ 1731, onye edemede Bekee bụ Jethro Tull bipụtara akwụkwọ &quot;Horse-Hoeing Husbandry: An Essay on the Principles of Vegetation and Tillage,&quot; nke kwuru na ọ dị mkpa ka a kpọọ ala ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ntụ dị mma maka osisi iji ya mee ihe. Tull kwenyere na, ebe ọ bụ na mmiri, ikuku, na okpomọkụ abụghị ihe bụ isi nke osisi, a na-eji ájá eme osisi, ya mere ha ga-eri obere ala dị ka nri. Tull dere na ọrụ ugbo ọ bụla na-esote nke ala ga-eme ka uto ya dịkwuo ukwuu, nakwa na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịkọ ala nke ukwuu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=History of tillage and tillage research|url=https://extension.umn.edu/soil-management-and-health/history-tillage-and-tillage-research#to-the-early-1900s-1149611|publisher=University of Minnesota Extension}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, nchọpụta sayensị egosila na ihe megidere ya bụ eziokwu; ịkọ ugbo na-eme ka ala tụfuo àgwà ọdịdị nke na-enye ohere ka mgbọrọgwụ osisi, mmiri, na ihe na-edozi ahụ banye na ya, na-eme ngwa ngwa ọnwụ ala site na mbuze, ma na-akpata mkpakọ ala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Indoria|first=A.K.|title=Conservation agriculture – a panacea to improve soil physical health|journal=Current Science|date=2017|volume=112|issue=1|doi=10.18520/cs/v112/i01/52-61}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ígwè ịkwaga mere ka a rụọ ọrụ ugbo na Midwest America, ebe ahịhịa na nkume siri ike kpatara nsogbu. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe afọ 1900 gasịrị, e webatara traktọ ugbo, nke mere ka [[Oru ugbo|ọrụ ugbo]] buru ibu nke oge a nwee ike. Otú ọ dị, mbibi nke ahịhịa ahịhịhịa na ịkọ ugbo nke ala na-eme nri nke American Midwest kpatara Dust Bowl, ebe a na-ebugharị ala ma mee ka ọ bụrụ Uzuzu nke na-eme ka mbara igwe gbaa ọchịchịrị. Nke a mere ka a tụgharịa uche na usoro ọrụ ugbo, mana na United States ka ọ na-erule 2019, e mere atụmatụ na 3 puku ijeri ala ga-efu n'ihi mbuze mgbe ịnakwere usoro ka mma maka ịchịkwa mbuze ka na-agbasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=History of tillage and tillage research|url=https://extension.umn.edu/soil-management-and-health/history-tillage-and-tillage-research#to-the-early-1900s-1149611|publisher=University of Minnesota Extension}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Stillerman|first=Karen Perry|title=Safeguarding Soil: A Smart Way to Protect Farmers, Taxpayers, and the Future of Our Food|date=2019|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep24079}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'etiti afọ 1930 Frank na Herbert Petty nke Doncaster, Victoria, [[Ostraliya|Australia]] mepụtara Petty Plough. Enwere ike ịdọrọ ma ọ bụ ịnyịnya abụọ ma ọ bụ traktọ ma nwee ike ịdọta ụkwụ diski n'otu, ma ọ bụ na-enye onye ọrụ ohere ịsụ n'etiti ahịrị nakwa n'etiti na gburugburu osisi.

== Ụdị ==

=== Ọrụ ugbo nke mbụ na nke abụọ ===
A na-eduzi ịkọ ihe ọkụkụ mgbe oge owuwe ihe ubi ikpeazụ gasịrị, mgbe ala dị mmiri nke ọma iji kwe ka ịkọ ihe mana ọ na-enye ohere nke ọma. Enwere ike ịkọ ụfọdụ ụdị ala akọrọ. Ebumnobi nke ịkọ ugbo bụ iji nweta ala dị nro nke ezi uche dị na ya, tinye ihe fọdụrụ n'ihe ọkụkụ, gbuo ata, na ịgbasa ala. Ịkọ ubi nke abụọ bụ ihe ọkụkụ ọ bụla na-esote, iji tinye fatịlaịza, belata ala ka ọ bụrụ ọka kacha mma, gbatịa elu, ma ọ bụ ịchịkwa ahịhịa..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Types of tillage|url=http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/ericeproduction/I.2_Types_of_tillage.htm|work=Knowledge Bank|accessdate=24 February 2019|archivedate=25 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225091340/http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/ericeproduction/I.2_Types_of_tillage.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mbelata ugbo ===
Mbelata ugbo [ihe odide 1] akwụkwọ dị n'etiti 15 na 30% ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụ n'ala ma ọ bụ 500 ruo 1000 pound kwa acre (560 ruo 1100 kg / hectare) nke obere ọka fọdụrụnụ n'oge oge erosion dị egwu. &amp;nbsp;Nke a nwere ike ịgụnye iji ihe na-akọ ugbo, ndị ọrụ ugbo, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Lee nkọwa n'ozuzu n'okpuru iji hụ otú ha ga-esi metụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe fọdụrụnụ.

=== Ịkụ ugbo n'ụzọ siri ike ===
Ịkụ ugbo siri ike [ihe odide 1] na-ahapụ ihe na-erughị 15% [[ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụnụ]] ma ọ bụ ihe na- erughị 500 pound kwa acre (560 kg / hectare) nke obere ọka fọdụrụ. &amp;nbsp;A na-akpọkarị ụdị ọrụ ugbo a dị ka ọrụ ugbo nkịtị, mana dị ka a na-eji ọrụ ugbo eme ihe ugbu a karịa ọrụ ugbo siri ike (na United States),  ọ naghị adịkarị mma ịkọwa ụdị ọrụ ugpo a dị ka nke omenala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CONSERVATION TILLAGE IN THE UNITED STATES: AN OVERVIEW|work=okstate.edu|url=http://agecon.okstate.edu/isct/labranza/walters/conservation.doc|publisher=Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska – Lincoln|accessdate=8 July 2013|archivedate=4 January 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104222600/http://agecon.okstate.edu/isct/labranza/walters/conservation.doc}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CRM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=ctic.purdue.edu|url=http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/CRM|title=National Crop Residue Management (CRM) Survey Summary (various years)|publisher=Conservation Technology Information Center|accessdate=2024-08-12|archivedate=2018-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714164911/http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/CRM}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ịkụ ugbo siri ike na-agụnyekarị ọtụtụ ọrụ na ngwá ọrụ dịka bọọdụ ebu, diski, ma ọ bụ arọ chisel. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, enwere ike iji ihe na-emecha ihe na-agbawa agbawa, nkata na-agbagharị, na onye na-egbu egbu kwadebe ihe ndina mkpụrụ. E nwere ọtụtụ ọdịiche.

=== Ịchekwa ugbo ===
Ịkọ ubi nchekwa [ihe edeturu 1] na-ahapụ opekata mpe 30% nke ihe fọdụrụ n'ihe ọkụkụ n'elu ala, ma ọ bụ opekata mpe 1,000 lb/ac (1,100 kg/ha) nke obere ọka fọdụrụ n'elu n'oge oge oke ala dị oke mkpa. Nke a na-ebelata mmegharị mmiri, nke na-ebelata oke mbuze nke ala. Na mgbakwunye, a chọpụtala na ịkọ ihe nchekwa na-erite uru arthropods na-eri anụ nke nwere ike ịkwalite njikwa ụmụ ahụhụ.[9] Ịkọ ugbo na-abarakwa ndị ọrụ ugbo uru na nchekwa site n'ibelata oriri mmanụ na mkpirisi ala. Site n'ibelata ugboro ole onye ọrụ ugbo na-eme njem n'ọhịa, a na-enweta nnukwu ego na mmanụ ụgbọala na ọrụ.

A na-eji ọrụ ugbo eme ihe n'ihe karịrị nde acres 370, karịsịa na South America, Oceania na North America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.stanford.edu/2019/12/06/reduced-soil-tilling-helps-soils-yields/|title=Reduced soil tilling helps both soils and yields|author=Horton|first=Michelle|date=2019-12-06|work=Stanford News|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọtụtụ afọ kemgbe 1997, a na-eji ọrụ ugbo na-echekwa ihe na US karịa ọrụ ugbo siri ike ma ọ bụ belata. &lt;ref name=&quot;CRM&quot;/&gt;

Otú ọ dị, nchedo ọrụ ugbo na-egbu oge okpomọkụ nke ala n'ihi mbelata nke ikpughe ụwa gbara ọchịchịrị na okpomọkụ oge opupu ihe ubi, si otú a na-egbughị oge ịkụ ọka n'afọ na-esote.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ageng/machine/AE-1370/ae1370.htm|title=Strip Till for Field Crop Production|publisher=Ag.ndsu.edu|date=2012-11-14|accessdate=2012-12-20|archivedate=2011-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405215911/http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ageng/machine/AE-1370/ae1370.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* No-till - a naghị eji ala ịkpa, diski, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ebumnuche maka 100% mkpuchi ala.
* Strip-til - A na-akụ obere ahịrị ebe a ga-akụ mkpụrụ, na-ahapụ ala n'etiti ahịrị ruo.&lt;ref name=&quot;tce&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Best Management Practices for Conservation/Reduced Tillage|url=http://publications.tamu.edu/WHEAT/PUB_wheat_Best%2520Management%2520Practices%2520for%2520Conservation%2520Tillage.pdf|publisher=Texas Cooperative Extension, The Texas A&amp;M University System|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810225128/http://publications.tamu.edu/WHEAT/PUB_wheat_Best%20Management%20Practices%20for%20Conservation%20Tillage.pdf|archivedate=10 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mulch-till - A na-ekpuchi ala na mulch iji chekwaa okpomọkụ na mmiri. 100% nsogbu ala.
* Rotational tillage - Ịkụ ala kwa afọ abụọ ma ọ bụ obere oge (afọ ọ bụla ọzọ, ma ọ bụ afọ atọ ọ bụla, wdg). &lt;ref name=&quot;tce&quot; /&gt;
* Ridge-till [nkọwa ọzọ dị mkpa] 

=== Ịkụ ugbo n'ógbè ===
Ịkọ ubi mpaghara bụ ụdị ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ dị omimi gbanwetụrụ bụ nke a na-akọ naanị ibe dị warara, na-ahapụ ala n'etiti ahịrị ndị ahụ ruo mgbe a ga-akụ ya. Ụdị ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ a na-eme ka ala na-ama jijiji iji nyere aka belata nsogbu nchikota ala na imeziwanye nsị nke ala dị n'ime.[13] Emebere ya ka ọ kpasasịa naanị ala dị warara dị n'okpuru ahịrị ihe ọkụkụ. N'iji ya tụnyere enweghị-till, nke na-adabere na ihe ọkụkụ nke afọ gara aga iji chebe ala ma na-enyere aka n'iyigharị nke okpomoku nke ala na ihe ọkụkụ na-eto eto na ugwu ugwu, mpaghara tillage na-emepụta warara dị ihe dị ka sentimita ise n'obosara nke na-agbajikwa ihe ọkụkụ n'otu oge. pans, na-enyere aka na-ekpo ọkụ n'ala ma na-enyere aka ịkwadebe ihe ọkụkụ.[14] Mgbe ejikọtara ya na ihe ọkụkụ na-ekpuchi, ịkụ osisi mpaghara na-enyere aka dochie ihe ndị na-abaghị uru, na-ebelata mmebi nke ala, na-eme ka mmiri na-asọpụta n'ala dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka mmiri ala na ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ dịkwuo ike, na-enye ohere ka ihe ndị dị n'ime ala dị mkpa dị ndụ.

A na-eji ya eme ihe nke ọma n'ugbo dị na Midwest na West nke USA ruo ihe karịrị afọ 40, a na-ejikwa ya eme ihe ugbu a na ihe karịrị 36% nke ala ugbo US. Ụfọdụ steeti ndị a kapịrị ọnụ ebe a na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a bụ [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]], Connecticut, [[Minésótạ|Minnesota]], Indiana, Wisconsin, na Illinois.

Ojiji ya na steeti Northern Corn Belt nke USA enweghị nsonaazụ na-agbanwe agbanwe; Otú ọ dị, a ka nwere mmasị n'ịkụ ugbo n'ime ọrụ ugbo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ag Answers&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140520055707/http://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/AgAnswers/story.asp?storyID=1912], &quot;Fall Zone Tillage Conserves Soil, Yields Well&quot;, 1999.&lt;/ref&gt; N'ebe ndị a na-adịghị adọba mmiri nke ọma, enwere ike iji ọrụ ugbo dị omimi mee ihe dị ka ihe ọzọ iji wụnye mmiri dị oke ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Plant Management Network&quot;&gt;[http://extension.umass.edu/vegetable/research-projects/deep-zone-tillage], DeJong-Hughes, J. Johnson, J. Plant Management Network. 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmetụta ==
[[Usòrò:Arròs,_sequer_(26462086444).jpg|thumb|Ubi [[Oskàpà|Osikapa]] Ebe ngosi nka nke Ethnology nke Valencian.]]

=== Eziokwu ===
Ịkọ ugbo:

* Ọ na-agbatị ma na-eme ka ala dị n'elu ma ọ bụ horizon A, nke na-eme gore ọ dịrị mfe ịkụ ihe ọkụkụ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;UofWashington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://catalyst.uw.edu/workspace/file/download/6beb3d10db7900e231deacecf87272ab3a24add3d4e835991f1d2ae2624af123|format=PPT—available as non-PPT by searching the path through a search engine|title=Soils in Agriculture|author=Ray Hilborn|publisher=University of Washington|accessdate=2013-08-28|archivedate=2015-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112225127/https://catalyst.uw.edu/workspace/file/download/6beb3d10db7900e231deacecf87272ab3a24add3d4e835991f1d2ae2624af123}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ọ na-enyere aka ịgwakọta ihe owuwu, ihe ndị dị ndụ (humus), na ihe oriri n'otu n'ime ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;UofWashington&quot; /&gt;
* Ọ na-ebibi ahịhịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;UofWashington&quot; /&gt;
* Ọ na-eme ka ala kpọọ nkụ tupu a kụọ ya (n'oge mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, ọrụ ugbo na-enyere aka idebe ala ka ọ kpọọ nká). &lt;ref name=&quot;UofWashington&quot; /&gt;
* Mgbe emere ya n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, ọ na-enyere ala a na-ahụ anya aka ịcha n'oge oyi site na oyi na ice, nke na-enyere aka ịkwadebe ebe dị nro maka ịkụ osisi n'oge opupu ihe ubi.&lt;ref name=&quot;UofWashington&quot; /&gt;
* Enwere ike belata mmụba nke slugs, cut worms, army worms, na na-emerụ ahụ ka ha na-adọta ha site na ihe fọdụrụnụ site na ihe ọkụkụ mbụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;tbars1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbars.net/alternativetil.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116185347/http://www.tbars.net/alternativetil.pdf|archivedate=2013-11-16|title=Alternative tillage systems to save time and fuel*|author=Dr. Tarlok Singh Sahota CCA|date=September 2008|accessdate=2018-06-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ọ na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa ihe ọkụkụ nke nwere ike ibute n'ime ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;tbars1&quot; /&gt;

[[Usòrò:2DU_Kenya115_(5366706027).jpg|thumb|325x325px|Onye ọrụ ugbo Kenya na-ejide ala a kụrụ akụ]]

* Ọ na-eme ka ala kpọọ nkụ tupu a kụọ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;UofWashington&quot;/&gt;
* Ala na-efunahụ ihe na-edozi ahụ, dị ka nitrogen na fatịlaịza, na ikike ya ichekwa mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;UofWashington&quot; /&gt; [Ihe odide ala peeji ]
* Ọ na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ mmiri na-abanye n'ala.  (N'ihi ya, ọ na-esite na mmiri na mbuze   ka ala na-amị mmiri nke ọma karịa ka ọ dị na mbụ) [ihe odide ala ala ala 3]&lt;ref name=&quot;UofWashington&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gebhardt_et_al. 1985&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ịkụ ala na-eme ka ihe ndị dị n'ime ala na-agbakọta ọnụ, si otú a na-akpata mbuze.
* Mmiri na-agbanye mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;UofWashington&quot; /&gt; [Ihe odide ala peeji ]
* Ọ na-ebelata ihe ndị dị n'ime ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;UofWashington&quot; /&gt; [Ihe odide ala peeji ]
* Ọ na-ebelata ụmụ ahụhụ, ụmụ ahụhụ, ndanda, wdg.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Soil Compaction and Conservation Tillage|url=http://extension.psu.edu/plants/crops/soil-management/conservation-tillage/soil-compaction-and-conservation-tillage|work=Conservation Tillage Series|publisher=PennState – College of Agricultural Sciences – Cooperative Extension|accessdate=26 March 2011|archivedate=3 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803080632/http://extension.psu.edu/plants/crops/soil-management/conservation-tillage/soil-compaction-and-conservation-tillage}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ọ na-ebibi ihe ndị dị n'ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;UofWashington&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot; /&gt;
* Nchịkọta nke ala, nke a makwaara dị ka pan.&lt;ref name=&quot;UofWashington&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot; /&gt; [Ihe odide ala peeji]
* Eutrophication (ihe na-edozi ahụ na-abanye n'ime mmiri). [Ihe odide ala peeji ]

Ịkụ osisi nwere ike mmebi ihe owuwu oge ochie dị ka ogologo barrows. Na UK, ọkara nke ogologo oghere dị na Gloucestershire na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ili niile dị na Essex emebiwo. Dị ka English Heritage si kwuo na 2003, ịkọ ugbo na traktọ dị ike nke oge a emeela nnukwu mmebi n'ime afọ iri isii gara aga dịka ọrụ ugbo ọdịnala mere na narị afọ isii gara aga.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/030725_RippingUpHistory.pdf &quot;Ripping Up History&quot;] July 2003 English Heritage&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwupụta n'ozuzu ==

* Ụdị mmejuputa na-eme ihe kachasị dị iche, ọ bụ ezie na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ike inwe mmetụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;miss-extension&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090310043636/http://extension.missouri.edu/explore/agguides/agengin/g01650.htm Conservation Tillage and Residue Management to Reduce Soil Erosion] University of Missouri: Extension&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ịkụ n'ọchịchịrị zuru oke (ịkụ n&quot;abalị) nwere ike belata ọnụ ọgụgụ ahịhịa na-epulite mgbe ọrụ ịkụ na-esote ọkara. Ìhè dị mkpa iji mebie ụra nke mkpụrụ ụfọdụ, yabụ ọ bụrụ na mkpụrụ ole na ole na-ekpughe ìhè n'oge usoro ịkọ ugbo, ole na ole ga-epulite. Nke a nwere ike inye aka belata oke ọgwụ ahịhịa dị mkpa maka ịchịkwa ahịhịhịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/dec95/tilling1295.htm|title=Nightmare in Tilling Fields – a Horror for Weed Pests|publisher=Ars.usda.gov|accessdate=2012-07-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ọsọ dị elu, mgbe ị na-eji ụfọdụ ngwá ọrụ ugbo (disks na chisel plows), na-eduga n'ịkụ ugbo siri ike (ya bụ, obere ihe fọdụrụ n'elu ala).
* Ịbawanye akụkụ nke diski na-eme ka e lie ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'ime ala. Ịbawanye concavity ha na-eme ka ha bụrụ ndị na-eme ihe ike karị.
* Ogwe osisi Chisel nwere ike ịnwe ogwu ma ọ bụ ogwu. Spikes na-eme ihe ike karị.
* A na-eji pasentị fọdụrụnụ iji tụnyere usoro ịkọ ugbo n'ihi na ọnụọgụ nke [[ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụnụ]] na-emetụta ọnwụ ala n'ihi mbuze.&lt;ref name=&quot;miss-extension&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/2002/5-13-2002/cropresidue.html|title=Methods for measuring crop residue|author=Mahdi Al-Kaisi|publisher=[[Iowa State University]]|date=13 May 2002|accessdate=2012-12-28|archivedate=2017-07-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726145246/http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/2002/5-13-2002/cropresidue.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị ọzọ ==
[[sayensị ọrụ ugbo]] nke oge a ebelatawo ojiji nke ịkọ ugbo. Enwere ike ịzụlite ihe ọkụkụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-enweghị ọrụ ugbo ọ bụla site na iji ọgwụ herbicides iji chịkwaa ahịhịa, ụdị ihe ọkụkụ dị iche iche na-anabata ala jupụtara, na ngwá ọrụ nwere ike ịkụ mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ fumigate ala n'enweghị igwu ya n'ezie. Omume a, nke a na-akpọ [[ọrụ ugbo na-enweghị ọrụ ugbo]], na-ebelata ọnụahịa na mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi site n'ibelata mbuze ala na ojiji mmanụ diesel.

== Nkwadebe nke ala ọhịa ==
Nkwadebe ebe bụ ọgwụgwọ ọ bụla a na-etinye na ebe iji kwadebe ya maka ịgha mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ ịkụ. Ebumnuche ya bụ ime ka ọ dịkwuo mfe imezigharị saịtị ahụ site na usoro ahọrọ. Enwere ike ime ndokwa ebe iji nweta, n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ na njikọta ọ bụla: ohere ka mma, site na ibelata ma ọ bụ ịhazigharị slash, na imeziwanye ala ọhịa, ala, ahịhịa, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ. A na-eme nkwadebe saịtị iji melite otu ma ọ bụ karịa ihe mgbochi nke ga-emebi ebumnuche nke njikwa. Akwụkwọ bara uru banyere mmetụta nke okpomọkụ ala na nkwadebe ebe na ụdị osisi subalpine na boreal ka McKinnon et al. (2002) kwadebere.&lt;ref name=&quot;mck&quot;&gt;McKinnon, L.M.; Mitchell, A.K.; Vyse, A. 2002. The effects of soil temperature and site preparation on subalpine and boreal tree species: a bibliography. Nat. Resour., Can., Can. For. Serv., Victoria BC, Inf. Rep. BC-X-394. 29 p.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nkwadebe ebe bụ ọrụ a na-arụ tupu e melite mpaghara ọhịa. Ụdị ụfọdụ nke nkwadebe ebe na-ere ọkụ.

=== Ọkụ ọkụ ===
A na-ejikarị ọkụ ọkụ na-ere ọkụ iji kwadebe ebe ndị a na-akụ maka ịkụ osisi, dịka, na etiti British Columbia,  na mpaghara dị jụụ nke North America n'ozuzu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Macadam 1987&quot;&gt;Macadam, A.M. 1987. Effects of broadcast slash burning on fuels and soil chemical properties in the sub-boreal spruce zone of central British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 17(12):1577–1584.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kii&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kiil|first=A. D.|date=1970-12-01|title=Prescribed Fire — Its Place in Reforestation|journal=The Forestry Chronicle|language=en|volume=46|issue=6|pages=448–451|doi=10.5558/tfc46448-6|issn=0015-7546}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eme ọkụ a tụrụ aro maka ibelata ihe ize ndụ na imeziwanye ọnọdụ ebe maka imezigharị; niile ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ n'ime uru ndị a nwere ike [[Iba|ịba]] ụba:

: a) Mbelata nke ịgha osisi, asọmpi osisi, na humus tupu ịgha mkpụrụ, ịkụ, scarifying ma ọ bụ na-atụ anya ịgha mkpụrụ n'ụzọ okike ma ọ bụ n'ihe metụtara usoro osisi mkpụrụ.

: b) Mbelata ma ọ bụ iwepụ oke ọhịa a na-achọghị tupu a kụọ ma ọ bụ kụọ ya, ma ọ bụ tupu a na-eme ka ọ dị mma.

: c) Mbelata nke humus na ebe oyi, ebe mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ iji kwado mmelite.

: d) Mbelata ma ọ bụ iwepụ ihe ndị na-agbawa agbawa, ahịhịa, ma ọ bụ brush na mpaghara ndị dị gburugburu ọhịa iji belata ohere nke mmebi site na ọkụ ọhịa.

A nwalere ọkụ a tụrụ aro maka ịkwadebe ebe maka ịgha mkpụrụ kpọmkwem n'oge ole na ole na Ontario, mana ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ọkụ ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ iji mepụta ihe ndina nke zuru ezu na-enweghị nkwadebe nke ebe.&lt;ref name=&quot;scott&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Scott|first=J. D.|date=1970-12-01|title=Direct Seeding in Ontario|url=http://pubs.cif-ifc.org/doi/10.5558/tfc46453-6|journal=The Forestry Chronicle|language=en|volume=46|issue=6|pages=453–457|doi=10.5558/tfc46453-6|issn=0015-7546}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbanwe na ihe ndị metụtara ala na-agụnye pH dị elu, nke Macadam (1987)  na mpaghara Spruce nke etiti British Columbia chọpụtara na ọ na-aga n'ihu karịa otu afọ mgbe ọkụ ahụ gasịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Macadam 1987&quot;&gt;Macadam, A.M. 1987. Effects of broadcast slash burning on fuels and soil chemical properties in the sub-boreal spruce zone of central British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 17(12):1577–1584.&lt;/ref&gt; Nkezi mmanụ ụgbọala bụ 20 ruo 24 t / hectare na omimi ala ọhịa belatara site na 28% ruo 36%. Mmụba ahụ jikọtara nke ọma na ọnụọgụ nke slash (ma ngụkọta ma ≥7 cm n'obosara) e riri. &amp;nbsp;Mgbanwe na pH na-adabere n'otú ọkụ ahụ siri ike na ego a na-eri; mmụba ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe ruru nkeji abụọ, mgbanwe okpukpu 100.&lt;ref name=&quot;holt&quot;&gt;Holt, L. 1955. White spruce seedbeds as related to natural regeneration. Pulp Paper Res. Instit. Can., Montreal QC. 28 p.&lt;/ref&gt; Enweghị ọla kọpa na ígwè n'ime akwụkwọ osisi spruce na-acha ọcha na oghere ọkụ na etiti British Columbia nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọkwa pH dị elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ballard 1985&quot;&gt;Ballard, T.M. 1985. Spruce nutrition problems in the central interior and their relationship with site preparation. Proc. Interior spruce seedling performance: state of the art Symposium. Northern Silviculture Committee Workshop, Feb. 1985, Prince George BC.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọbụna ọkụ ọkụ na-agbasa ozi na clearcut anaghị enye ọkụ ọkụ n'ebe ahụ dum. Tarrant (1954),  dịka ọmụmaatụ, chọpụtara na naanị 4% nke ọkụ ọkụ nke 140-ha gbara ọkụ nke ukwuu, 47% gbara ọkụ nke nta, na 49% agbaghị ọkụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;tarr&quot;&gt;Tarrant, R.F. 1954. Effect of slash burning on soil pH. USDA, For. Serv., Pacific Northwest For. and Range Exp. Sta., Portland OR, Res. Note 102. 5 p.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọkụ ọkụ mgbe ifufe na-efe n'ụzọ doro anya na-eme ka ọdịiche dị iche iche na-esote pụta ìhè.

Mmụba dị ịrịba ama na calcium a na-agbanwe agbanwe nwekwara njikọ na ọnụọgụ nke slash ọ dịkarịa ala 7 cm n'obosara a na-eri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Macadam 1987&quot;&gt;Macadam, A.M. 1987. Effects of broadcast slash burning on fuels and soil chemical properties in the sub-boreal spruce zone of central British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 17(12):1577–1584.&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;nbsp;Ọnụnọ nke phosphorus mụbakwara, ma n'ala ọhịa ma na 0 cm ruo 15 cm ala mineral, mmụba ahụ ka pụtara ìhè, ọ bụ ezie na ọ belatara, ọnwa 21 mgbe ọkụ gbara. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Otú ọ dị, na nyocha ọzọ  n'otu mpaghara Spruce Sub-boreal chọpụtara na ọ bụ ezie na ọ mụbara ozugbo ọkụ ahụ gasịrị, nnweta phosphorus adaala n'okpuru ọkwa ọkụ n'ime ọnwa 9.&lt;ref name=&quot;tay&quot;&gt;Taylor, S.W.; Feller, M.C. 1987. Initial effects of slashburning on the nutrient status of Sub-boreal Spruce Zone ecosystems. ''In'' Papers presented at the Fire Management Symposium, April 1987, Prince George BC, Central Interior Fire Protection Committee, Smithers BC.&lt;/ref&gt;

A ga-efunahụ nitrogen site na ebe ahụ site na ọkụ,    ọ bụ ezie na Macadam (1987)  chọpụtara na ọ dị n'ala ọhịa fọdụrụnụ mụbara na abụọ n'ime ala isii, ndị ọzọ na-egosi mbelata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Macadam 1987&quot;&gt;Macadam, A.M. 1987. Effects of broadcast slash burning on fuels and soil chemical properties in the sub-boreal spruce zone of central British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 17(12):1577–1584.&lt;/ref&gt; about=&quot;#mwt204&quot; class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; data-cx=&quot;{}&quot; data-mw='{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;ref&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;tay&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;html&quot;:&quot;Taylor, S.W.; Feller, M.C. 1987. Initial effects of slashburning on the nutrient status of Sub-boreal Spruce Zone ecosystems. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=\&quot;mwAw8\&quot;&gt;In&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Papers presented at the Fire Management Symposium, April 1987, Prince George BC, Central Interior Fire Protection Committee, Smithers BC.&quot;}}' id=&quot;cite_ref-tay_37-1&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Tillage#cite_note-tay-37 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;33&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;ref name=&quot;litt&quot;&gt;Little, S.N.; Klock, G.O. 1985. The influence of residue removal and prescribed fire on distribution of forest nutrients. USDA, For. Serv., Res. Pap. PNW-333.&lt;/ref&gt; Enwere ike ịlafu ihe oriri, ma ọ dịkarịa ala n'oge dị mkpirikpi, site na microclimate ala ka mma site na mbelata ọkpụrụkpụ nke ala ọhịa ebe okpomọkụ ala dị ala bụ ihe na-egbochi.

A na-ejikarị oke ọhịa Picea / Abys nke ala ugwu Alberta mara ya site na mkpokọta miri emi nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'elu ala na okpomọkụ ala oyi, nke abụọ na-eme ka osisi sie ike ma na-akpata mmebi n'ozuzu na mmepụta ihe; Endean na Johnstone (1974)  na-akọwa nnwale iji nwalee ọkụ a tụrụ aro dị ka ụzọ maka nkwadebe mkpụrụ na imeziwanye ebe na ebe ndị na-anọchite anya Picea / Abies.&lt;ref name=&quot;end&quot;&gt;Endean, F.; Johnstone, W.D. 1974. Prescribed fire and regeneration on clearcut spruce–fir sites in the foothills of Alberta. Environ. Can., Can. For. Serv., Northern For. Res. Centre, Edmonton AB, Inf. Rep. NOR-X-126. 33 p.&lt;/ref&gt; Nsonaazụ gosipụtara na, n'ozuzu, ọkụ a tụrụ aro ya belataghị okpokoro anụ ahụ nke ọma, ma ọ bụ mee ka okpomọkụ ala dị elu, na ebe ndị a nwalere. Mmụba nke ntọala mkpụrụ osisi, ịdị ndụ, na uto na ebe ndị ọkụ gbara bụ ma eleghị anya n'ihi obere mbelata na omimi nke okpomọkụ ala, obere mmụba na okpomọkụ nke ala, na mmelite dị ịrịba ama na arụmọrụ nke ndị ọrụ ịkụ osisi. Nsonaazụ na-atụkwa aro na usoro mmebi nke ebe ahụ agbanwebeghị site na ọgwụgwọ ọkụ a na-etinye.

=== Ntinye aka na-emebi ihe ===
Ibu nke okpueze ahụ dum na akụkụ nke ogwe osisi ahụ na-erughị sentimita anọ n'obosara) na nkesa nha bụ isi ihe na-emetụta ihe ize ndụ Ọkụ ọhịa na ebe a na-ewe ihe ubi.&lt;ref name=&quot;kii1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kiil|first=A. D.|date=1965-12-01|title=Weight and Size Distribution of Slash of White Spruce and Lodgepole Pine|journal=The Forestry Chronicle|language=en|volume=41|issue=4|pages=432–437|doi=10.5558/tfc41432-4|issn=0015-7546}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị na-elekọta ọhịa nwere mmasị n'itinye ọkụ ọkụ maka mbelata ihe ize ndụ na silviculture, gosipụtara usoro maka ịlele ibu ọrụ slash site na Kiil (1968). &lt;ref name=&quot;kii2&quot;&gt;Kiil, A.D. 1968. Weight of the fuel complex in 70-year-old lodgepole pine stands of different densities. Department of Forestry and Rural Development, Forest Research Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta. Departmental Publication 1228. 13 p.&lt;/ref&gt; N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke etiti Alberta, ọ gburu, tụọ, ma tụọ 60 white spruce, graphed (a) slash weight kwa marketable unit volume megide diamita na breast ịdị elu (dbh), na (b) ịdị arọ nke ezigbo slash (&lt;1.27 cm) megide dbh, ma mepụta tebụl nke slash weight na nha nkesa na otu acre nke a na-eche na ya bụ white spruces. &amp;nbsp;Mgbe a na-amaghị nkesa nke oghere, enwere ike inweta atụmatụ nke ịdị arọ na nkesa nha site na nkezi nke oghere oghere, ọnụ ọgụgụ osisi kwa mpaghara, na ọnụ ọgụgụ cubic ụkwụ a na-ere ere. Osisi nnwale na ọmụmụ Kiil nwere okpueze zuru oke. Osisi ndị na-eto eto nke nwere okpueze dị mkpirikpi na nke na-adịghị mma ga-abụrịrị na a ga-eleghara ya anya; osisi ndị na-emepe emepe nwere okpee ogologo ga-abụ na a ga na-eleghara ha anya.

Mkpa ọ dị inye ndò maka ụmụ osisi Engelmann spruce na Ugwu Rocky dị elu ka U.S. Forest Service kwusiri ike. A na-akọwa ebe a na-akụ osisi dị ka microsites n'akụkụ ugwu na n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke osisi, ogwe osisi, ma ọ bụ slash, ma dina n'okpuru onyinyo nke ihe dị otú ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;ronco&quot;&gt;Ronco, F. 1975. Diagnosis: sunburned trees. J. For. 73(1):31–35. (Cited in Coates et al. 1994).&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe ebumnuche nke njikwa na-akọwapụta otu oghere, ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu, karịa nke a na-enweta site na nkesa dị ugbu a nke ihe na-enye ndò, a na-ekesa ma ọ bụ mbubata nke ihe dị otú ahụ.

=== Ịga ===
Enwere ike ime nkwadebe ebe na saịtị ụfọdụ iji mee ka ndị na-akụ osisi nwee ike ịnweta ya, ma ọ bụ iji melite ohere ma mụbaa ọnụ ọgụgụ ma ọ bụ nkesa nke microsites dabara adaba maka ịkụ ma ọ bụ ịkụ mkpụrụ.

Wang et al. (2000)  kpebiri ịrụ ọrụ n'ọhịa nke spruces ọcha na oji afọ 8 na 9 mgbe a kụrụ ya n'ebe ndị a na-agwakọta osisi na-esote nkwadebe ebe (Donaren disc trenching na enweghị trenching) na ụdị osisi 2 (meghe na ndị zoro ezo) na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Manitoba.&lt;ref name=&quot;wang&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wang|first=G. Geoff|date=2000-10-01|title=Survival and growth of black and white spruce seedlings in relation to stock type, site preparation and plantation type in southeastern Manitoba|journal=The Forestry Chronicle|language=en|volume=76|issue=5|pages=775–782|doi=10.5558/tfc76775-5|issn=0015-7546}}&lt;/ref&gt; Donaren trenching belatara ọnwụ nke black spruce ma mee ka ọnwụ nke white spruce dịkwuo ukwuu. A chọtara ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama n'ịdị elu n'etiti ubi ndị mepere emepe na ndị zoro ezo maka spruce ojii mana ọ bụghị maka spruces ọcha, na dayameta mgbọrọgwụ na ubi ndị zoro ezo buru ibu karịa na ubi ndị mebiri emepe maka spruze ojii mana ọ bụ maka spruza ọcha. Black spruce open plantation nwere obere olu (97 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) ma e jiri ya tụnyere black spruce sheltered (210 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), yana white spruce ghere oghe (175 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) na sheltered plantations (229 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;). &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ubi osisi White spruce nwekwara obere ọnụ ọgụgụ karịa ubi osisi White sprus. Maka ihe ọkụkụ, osisi ndị a na-akụ n'ala nwere oke dị elu (&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) karịa osisi ndị a kụrụ n'ala (204 cm3). &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Wang et al. (2000)  tụrụ aro na a ga-eji nkwadebe ebe a na-akụ ihe ubi.&lt;ref name=&quot;wang&quot; /&gt;

=== Injinia ===
Ruo n'afọ 1970, ọ dịghị ihe eji eme ihe &quot;dị mgbagwoju anya&quot; nke na-arụ ọrụ na Ontario, mana a na-aghọtawanye mkpa maka ngwá ọrụ dị irè na nke na-agbanwe agbanwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;hall&quot;&gt;Hall, J. 1970. Site preparation in Ontario. For. Chron. 46:445–447.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule n'oge a, a na-emeziwanye ngwá ọrụ ndị ọrụ ubi mepụtara na mbụ, na nnwale nke ngwá ọrụ sitere na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ na-abawanye.

Dị ka J. Hall si kwuo (1970),  na Ontario ma ọ dịkarịa ala, usoro nkwadebe ebe a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ scarification na-arụ ọrụ mgbe owuwe ihe ubi gasịrị site na ngwá ọrụ a na-etinye n'ihu bulldozer (blade, rake, V-plow, ma ọ bụ ezé), ma ọ bụ na-adọkpụ n'azụ traktọ (Imsett ma ọ bụ S.F. scarifier, ma ọ bụrụ chopper na-agbagharị).&lt;ref name=&quot;hall&quot;&gt;Hall, J. 1970. Site preparation in Ontario. For. Chron. 46:445–447.&lt;/ref&gt; Ụdị drag nke Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ala na Ọhịa nke Ontario mepụtara ma wuo jiri eriri ma ọ bụ tractor pads iche ma ọ bụ na njikọta, ma ọ bụ bụ bụ drum ma ọ bụ barrels nke nha dị iche iche ma jiri ya mee ihe naanị ma ọ bụ jikọta ya na tractor pad ma ọ bụ eriri.

Akụkọ J. Hall (1970) &lt;ref name=&quot;hall&quot;&gt;Hall, J. 1970. Site preparation in Ontario. For. Chron. 46:445–447.&lt;/ref&gt; banyere ọnọdụ nkwadebe ebe na Ontario kwuru na a chọpụtara na blades na rakes dị mma maka scarification na-eguzogide [[osisi siri ike]] maka mmelite nke osisi na-acha odo odo. Ogwe osisi dị irè karịa maka ịgwọ brush buru ibu tupu a kụọ ya, mgbe mgbe na igwe kụọ ya. A na-eji ezé scarifying, dịka, ezé Young, eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ iji kwadebe ebe maka ịkụ osisi, mana a chọpụtara na ojiji ha kachasị dị irè bụ ịkwadebe ebe maka ịgha mkpụrụ, ọkachasị n'ebe ndị nwere obere brọsh na nnukwu ahịhịa. Ndị na-agbagharị na-achọ ọrụ n'ịgwọ brọsh dị arọ mana enwere ike iji ya mee ihe naanị na ala na-enweghị nkume. A na-ejikarị ịgbà ndị a na-akpọ Finned mee ihe na jack pine-spruce cutovers na ebe ndị a na'ụdị brushy ọhụrụ nwere okpokoro miri emi na slash dị arọ, ọ dịkwa ha mkpa ka ha jikọta ya na tractor pad unit iji nweta nkesa dị mma nke slash. S.F.I. scarifier, mgbe ọ gbasiri ike, enweela &quot;ihe ịga nke ọma&quot; ruo afọ 2, nnwale ndị na-ekwe nkwa na-aga n'ihu na cone scarifier na barrel ring scarifier. Nkwado nke mkpa ọ dị ịbawanye nke ọma na ịdị irè na nkwadebe ebe mere ka Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ala na Ọhịa nke Ontario nabata iwu nke ịchọ na inweta maka nyocha ngwá ọrụ ọhụrụ site na Scandinavia na ebe ndị ọzọ nke yiri ka ọ na-ekwe nkwa maka ọnọdụ Ontario, karịsịa n'ebe ugwu. Ya mere, a malitere nnwale nke Brackekultivator sitere na [[Sweden]] na Vako-Visko rotary furrower sitere na [[Finland]].

=== Ịrịgo ===
Usoro ọgwụgwọ nke na-emepụta ebe a na-akụ osisi dị elu emeela ka arụmọrụ nke osisi dị mma na ebe ndị nwere okpomọkụ ala dị ala na mmiri dị ukwuu. N'ezie, ịrị elu nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na okpomọkụ ala. Draper et al. (1985),  dịka ọmụmaatụ, dere nke a yana mmetụta ọ nwere na uto mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi (Table 30).&lt;ref name=&quot;drap&quot;&gt;Draper, D.; Binder, W.; Fahlman, R.; Spittlehouse, D. 1985. Post-planting ecophysiology of Interior spruce. Interior Spruce Seedling Performance: State of the Art. Northern Silvic. Committee, Prince George BC. 18 p. (mimeo).&lt;/ref&gt;

Ugwu ndị ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ ngwa ngwa, na omimi ala nke 0.5 cm na 10 cm nkezi 10 na 7 °C elu, n'otu n'otu, karịa na njikwa. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;N'ụbọchị anwụ na-achasi ike, okpomọkụ kachasị elu n'elu ugwu na ihe ndị dị ndụ ruru 25 °C ruo 60 °C, dabere na mmiri na onyinyo ala. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Ugwu ruru okpomọkụ ala nke 10 °C na 10 cm omimi ụbọchị 5 mgbe a kụrụ ya, mana njikwa ahụ erughị okpomọkụ ahụ ruo ụbọchị 58 mgbe a kụsịrị ya. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;N'oge mbụ na-eto eto, ugwu nwere okpukpu atọ karịa ụbọchị na okpomọkụ ala karịrị 10 °C karịa microsites.&amp;nbsp;

Draper et al.'s (1985)[41] mkpọta enwetara ugboro 5 karịa ọnụọgụ fotosynthetically na-arụ ọrụ radieshon (PAR) gbakọtara n'elu microsites niile egosipụtara n'oge oge ntolite mbụ; ọgwụgwọ njikwa ahụ na-anatakarị ihe dịka 14% nke ndabere PAR kwa ụbọchị, ebe mkpọta enwetara ihe karịrị 70%. Site na Nọvemba, ọdịda frosts ama belatara shading, na-ewepụ ihe dị iche iche. Ewezuga mmetụta ọ na-enwe na okpomọkụ, radieshon merenụ dịkwa mkpa na foto synthetically. A na-ekpughere nkezi microsite na-achịkwa n'ọkwa ọkụ dị n'elu ebe a na-akwụ ụgwọ maka naanị awa 3, ya bụ, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke oge ọkụ kwa ụbọchị, ebe mounds nwetara ìhè n'elu ebe nkwụghachi ụgwọ maka awa 11, ya bụ, 86% nke otu ụbọchị. oge. N'iburu n'uche na ọkụ ahụ merenụ na 100-600 μE/m2/s ike nso bụ ihe kacha mkpa maka photosynthesis, mounds nwetara ihe karịrị 4 ugboro n'ikuku ume ọkụ kwa ụbọchị nke ruru microsites njikwa.

=== Ntọala nke nkwadebe ebe ===
Site na nkwadebe saịtị ahịrị, a na-ekpebi nghazi mgbe ụfọdụ site na topography ma ọ bụ echiche ndị ọzọ, mana enwere ike họrọ nghazi ahụ. Ọ nwere ike ime mgbanwe. Nnwale diski-trenching na Sub-boreal Spruce Mpaghara dị n'ime ime British Columbia nyochara mmetụta na uto nke ihe ọkụkụ na-eto eto (lodgepole pine) na ọnọdụ akuku microsite 13: berm, hinge, na tren na nke ọ bụla n'ebe ugwu, ndịda, ọwụwa anyanwụ, na akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ, yana n'ebe a na-agwọghị ya n'etiti furrows.[42] Mpịakọta osisi dị n'afọ nke iri dị na ndịda-, ọwụwa anyanwụ- na n'ọdịda anyanwụ microsites dị nnọọ ukwuu karịa nke osisi ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na-eche ihu na microsites na-adịghị agwọ ọrịa. Agbanyeghị, a hụrụ nhọpụta ntụpọ ihe ọkụkụ ka ọ dị mkpa n'ozuzu ya karịa ntụgharị trenchi

N'ime ọmụmụ ihe Minnesota, ibe N-S na-akwakọba snow mana snow gbazere ngwa ngwa karịa na ibe E-W n'afọ mbụ mgbe ọ dachara.[43] Mmiri na-agbaze na-agbaze ngwa ngwa n'ibe dị nso n'etiti ebe ahụ mebiri emebi karịa n'ibe oke nke dị n'akụkụ ebe a na-edebe ihe adịghị mma. Iberibe ndị ahụ, nke dị ụkwụ 50 (15.24 m) n'obosara, na-atụgharị na ibe ndị a na-egbutubeghị 16 ụkwụ (4.88 m) n'obosara, bụ ndị a dara na nkwụ Pinus resinosa, nke dị afọ 90 ruo 100.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ịgha mkpụrụ tupu oge eruo
* [[Mmepe ala]]
* Mmiri kacha mma maka ịkọ ugbo
* Nkwadebe nke ebe
* Omume nchịkwa soybean
* SWEEP (usoro ihe omume mmụba gburugburu ebe obibi na ala) 
* TERON (Oké mbuze) 
* Mgbukpọ nke ala

== Ihe edeturu ==
&lt;nowiki&gt;.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Ebem si dee ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
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[[Faịlụ:Attila Filkor 2021.jpg|thumb|254x254px|Attila Filkor]]
'''Attila Filkor''' (amuru 12 Julaị 1988) bu [[Footbọl|onye ama ama]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;onye Hungary na-egwu egwu dika onye etiti maka Budafok II .

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
A mụrụ na Budapest, Filkor malitere ịgba bọl na mpaghara mpaghara MTK, tupu ịbanye na [[Malta|Maltese]] club Pietà Hotspurs na 22 August 2006 na mbufe n'efu. &lt;ref name=&quot;CAS&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/sites/CaseLaw/Shared%20Documents/1757.pdf|title=Arbitration CAS 2009/A/1757 MTK Budapest v. FC Internazionale Milano S.p.A., award of 30 July 2009|date=20 July 2009|accessdate=18 February 2011|work=CAS}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu ọ kwaga Malta, Internazionale akpọtụrụla MTK maka ịnyefe Filkor na July 2006. Dị ka Pietà Hotspurs nọ na ụdị 3 &lt;ref name=&quot;CAS&quot; /&gt; nke atụmatụ nkesa ụgwọ ọzụzụ FIFA, ndị na-ekpo ọkụ kwesịrị ịkwụ ụgwọ MTK € 70,000 (€ 30,000 ugboro 2 oge gbakwunyere € 10,000 &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070915032926/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/administration/ps%5f826%5fen%5f87.pdf FIFA.com]&lt;/ref&gt; ) ma ọ bụrụ na Internazionale bịanyere aka na ya ozugbo, ekwesịrị ka ọ kwụọ ụgwọ. iji kwụọ MTK € 160,000 (nkezi nke ụdị 1 na 2 ugboro abụọ gbakwunyere € 10,000) dị ka ụgwọ ọzụzụ. MTK boro ebubo na mbufe na Malta bụ atụmatụ nke Inter iji chekwaa ego na ụgwọ ọzụzụ nke FIFA kwadoro.

=== Inter Milan ===
Na 25 August 2006, e zigara ya na Inter Milan maka €90,000 (na ITC bịarutere na 31 August), &lt;ref name=&quot;CAS&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=23733&amp;L=en|title=INTER SIGN ATTILA FILKOR FOR PRIMAVERA|date=25 August 2006|accessdate=18 February 2011|work=FC Internazionale Milano|publisher=inter.it}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe ọ na-egwuri egwu n'òtù ntorobịa ha. N'oge oge ahụ, o mekwara egwuregwu mbụ ya na egwuregwu 2006-07 Coppa Italia megide Messina, na 9 November 2006. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Attila Filkor|url=http://archivio.inter.it/cgi-bin/giocatori-scheda?codice=G0809&amp;L=en|work=inter.it|publisher=[[F.C. Internazionale Milano|Football Club Internazionale Milano]]|accessdate=17 August 2010|archivedate=28 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928105602/http://archivio.inter.it/cgi-bin/giocatori-scheda?codice=G0809&amp;L=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== AC Milan ===
Na July 2010, ọ gụchara ịkwaga na crosstown rivals AC Milan, tinyere ndị egwuregwu Inter Milan Cristian Daminuţă na Marco Fossati maka ego jikọtara ọnụ nke € 7 nde. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Daminuta, Filkor, Fossati join AC Milan|url=http://www.inter.it/aas/news/reader?N=34141&amp;L=en|work=inter.it|publisher=[[F.C. Internazionale Milano|Football Club Internazionale Milano]]|date=16 July 2010|accessdate=26 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Filkor nwere ọnụ ahịa € 1 nde.  ) Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, a gbaziri ya na Serie B nke Testina maka oge. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.legaserieb.it/it/serie-bwin/calcio-mercato?p_p_id=BDC_calciomercato_WAR_LegaCalcioBDC&amp;p_p_lifecycle=0&amp;p_p_state=normal&amp;p_p_mode=view&amp;p_p_col_id=column-1&amp;p_p_col_pos=1&amp;p_p_col_count=2&amp;_BDC_calciomercato_WAR_LegaCalcioBDC_flagEstivo=true|title=Calcio Mercato|work=legaserieb.it|publisher=[[Lega Serie B|Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie B]]|accessdate=7 August 2010|language=Italian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029005045/http://www.legaserieb.it/it/serie-bwin/calcio-mercato?p_p_id=BDC_calciomercato_WAR_LegaCalcioBDC&amp;p_p_lifecycle=0&amp;p_p_state=normal&amp;p_p_mode=view&amp;p_p_col_id=column-1&amp;p_p_col_pos=1&amp;p_p_col_count=2&amp;_BDC_calciomercato_WAR_LegaCalcioBDC_flagEstivo=true|archivedate=29 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na July 2011 ọ gbaziri ọzọ na Livorno, ọzọ Serie B club. Oge na-esote, e zigara ya na nke atọ ogologo mbinye ego na Serie B, oge a na Bari . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mercato, preso Filkor dal Milan|url=http://www.asbari.it/societa/archivio-news/4490-mercato-preso-filkor-dal-milan.html|work=asbari.it|publisher=[[A.S. Bari|Associazione Sportiva Bari]]|date=28 August 2012|accessdate=28 August 2012|language=Italian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agbanyeghị, n'oge windo mbufe nke Jenụwarị, a kpọrọ ya azụ ma gbazinye ya Pro Vercelli . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Calcio Mercato Squadre – Pro Vercelli|url=http://www.legaserieb.it/it/serie-bwin/calcio-mercato/calcio-mercato-squadre/-/trasferimento/1790|work=legaserieb.it|publisher=[[Lega Serie B|Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie B]]|accessdate=17 January 2013|language=Italian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311011401/http://www.legaserieb.it/it/serie-bwin/calcio-mercato/calcio-mercato-squadre/-/trasferimento/1790|archivedate=11 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maka oge 2013–14 ọ kwagara France, sonye na mpaghara Ligue 2 Châteauroux na mbinye ego. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Attila Filkor est berrichon|url=http://www.berrichonne.net/joo/transferts-20132014/13250-filkor-sengage-avec-la-berrichonne.html|work=berrichonne.net|publisher=[[LB Châteauroux|La Berrichonne de Châteauroux]]|accessdate=4 September 2013|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1 Septemba 2014 Avellino bịanyere aka na ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.asavellino.com/notizia.php?id=7959|title=Ingaggiato dal Milan il centrocampista Attila Filkor|date=1 September 2014|accessdate=31 October 2014|publisher=AS Avellino 1912|language=Italian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge okpomọkụ 2015 Filkor bịanyere aka na Újpest FC . N'oge okpomọkụ 2016 Gyirmót SE &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; &amp;#x5D; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)&quot;&gt;na&lt;/span&gt;]]''&lt;/sup&gt; ya. 

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
 
Akpọrọ Filkor maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Hungary na 2007. Ọ nọ na bench megide Canada, na egwuregwu dị n'etiti akụkụ abụọ ahụ na 15 Nọvemba 2006. O mere ihe ngosi mba ụwa ya na pitch na 7 February 2007 na nkeji 5 ikpeazụ nke mmeri 2-0 megide Latvia na enyi na enyi. Ọ bụrụkwa onyeisi ndị Hungarian U-19.

== Ntụaka ==
70,000 (€ 30,000 ugboro 2 oge gbakwunyere € 10,000 [2] ) ma ọ bụrụ na Internazionale bịanyere aka na ya ozugbo, ekwesịrị ka ọ kwụọ{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>2022 pregnancy of a 10-year-old in Ohio</title>
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Na June 30, 2022, otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri si Columbus, Ohio, United States, gara Indiana ịga ite ime n'ihi na iwu ite ime na Ohio enyeghị ihe dịpụrụ adịpụ maka ụmụaka ndị tụụrụ ime n'ihi ndina n'ike.[1] [2][3][4] Okwu ya dọtara uche mba na nkọwa sitere n'aka ndị ọha na eze, n'ihi na ọ dị nso na June 24, 2022, mkpebi nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States na Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organisation, bụ nke kagburu Roe v. Wade ma kwe ka ọ dị. steeti, gụnyere Ohio, ịmanye oke oke na ite ime.

Nwatakịrị nwanyị ahụ tụrụ ime na Mee 2022 mgbe ọ ka dị afọ itoolu. A kọrọ akụkọ ya na ngalaba ndị uwe ojii Columbus na June 22, 2022.[Ntụbaaka 1] [1] N'oge nyocha nke ndị mmanye iwu na-esote, ejidere otu nwoke dị afọ 27 ma bo ya ebubo ebubo ụgha abụọ nke idina mmadụ n'ike.[2] [1] [3] Ọ kwadoro ikpe na Julaị 2023.[4] Ọfịs nke Attorney General nke Indiana nyochara onye dibịa Indiana bụ onye mere usoro ahụ, ma ziga okwu ahụ na kọmiti ikike ikike ahụike Indiana, bụ ndị nụrụ okwu ya na Mee 25, 2023..&lt;ref name=&quot;z&quot; /&gt;

== Ikpe mpụ ==
Na June 22, 2022, ngalaba Ọrụ Ụmụaka nke Franklin County, Ohio, gwara ngalaba ndị uwe ojii Columbus banyere nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 10 dị ime. Ọ gara Indianapolis, Indiana ebe o wepụrụ afọ ime ọgwụ na June 30.&lt;ref name=&quot;Proved&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=David|author=Bauder|authorlink=|title=Ohio rape shows how a story can spread faster than facts|work=[[AP News]]|date=July 14, 2022|url=https://apnews.com/article/abortion-biden-indiana-newspapers-938874e6b63b13e17f9d6f153915ec08|quote=Bernard reported a June 30 medication abortion for a 10-year-old patient to the state health department on July 2, within the three-day requirement set in state law for a girl younger than 16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Julaị 12, 2022, e tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa mpụ n'ụlọ ikpe Franklin County Municipal Court nke kwuru na e dinara nwatakịrị ahụ n'ike n'etiti Mee 2022 (mgbe nwa agbọghọ ahụ dị afọ itoolu) nakwa na ọ matara onye a na-enyo enyo na mbido Julaị.&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC20220713&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Deliso|first=Meredith|title=Man charged in rape of Ohio 10-year-old who police say later traveled across state lines for abortion|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/man-charged-rape-ohio-10-year-police-traveled/story?id=86754013|accessdate=3 January 2023|date=13 July 2022|quote=&quot;A complaint filed in Franklin County Municipal Court on Tuesday alleges that the victim was raped in mid-May and that she identified her assailant to Columbus police earlier this month... the suspect... was arrested on Tuesday and allegedly confessed to the rape when detectives brought him to police headquarters for a saliva test, according to the complaint.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka mkpesa ahụ si kwuo, onye a na-enyo enyo kwupụtara mgbe ndị nchọpụta kpọgara ya n'isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii maka nyocha asọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC20220713&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NBC 7-22-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/man-indicted-rape-ohio-girl-10-traveled-indiana-abortion-rcna39502|title=Man indicted in rape of Ohio girl, 10, who traveled to Indiana for abortion|first=Chantal|author=Da Silva|date=July 22, 2022|work=[[NBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye a na-enyo enyo pụtara n'ụlọ ikpe obodo Franklin County maka ebubo na July 13, 2022, ma kwuo na ikpe amaghị ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Proved&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/07/28/ohio-abortion-journalism/|title=How local journalists proved a 10-year-old's abortion wasn't a hoax|work=[[The Washington Post]]|first=Elahe|author=Izadi|date=July 28, 2022}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIzadi2022&quot;&gt;Izadi, Elahe (July 28, 2022). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; E mere ndokwa ka ikpe ya malite na Julaị 5, 2023. A kọrọ na nwoke ahụ bụ onye mbịarambịa na-enweghị akwụkwọ si Guatemala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Gerson Fuentes case continued until summer|url=https://myfox28columbus.com/news/local/gerson-fuentes-columbus-man-ohio-accused-rape-impregnated-girl-pregnancy-abortion-through-indiana-roe-v-wade-overturning-franklin-county-court|work=WTTE|date=19 April 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Julaị 2023, onye omekome ahụ, Gerson Fuentes, onye dị afọ 28, kwetara na ikpe mara ya. A mara ya ikpe ndụ ya niile ma ọ ga-anọ ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ iri abụọ na ise n'ụlọ mkpọrọ tupu ya eruo ka a tọhapụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rapist of 10-year-old girl who traveled to Indiana for abortion gets 25 years in prison|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/07/05/gerson-fuentes-rape-sentencing/70384894007/|accessdate=2023-07-06|work=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmeghachi omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Na Julaị 1, 2022, akwụkwọ akụkọ Indianapolis Star kọrọ na otu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri e dinara n'ike si Ohio gaa Indiana ite ime.[1] Onye isi ala Joe Biden mere ka okwu ahụ pụta ìhè na nkwupụta na White House na July 8, 2022, na-ekwu, sị: &quot;A manyere ya ịpụ na steeti ahụ gaa Indiana iji chọọ ịkwụsị ime ime na ikekwe ịzọpụta ndụ ya. Afọ iri - 10 afọ!-ndina n'ike, ime izu isii, nke nwere mmerụ ahụ, manyere ịga na steeti ọzọ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/07/08/biden-abortion-10-year-old-rape-victim/|title=Biden decries case of 10-year-old rape victim forced to travel for abortion|work=[[The Washington Post]]|first=Mariana|author=Alfaro|date=July 8, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụfọdụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị mgbasa ozi na mbụ kpọrọ akụkọ ahụ aghụghọ; mgbe akụkọ banyere njide nke onye a na-ebo ebubo ndina n'ike kwadoro akụkọ Star, isi mmalite ndị a arịọghị mgbaghara maka ịsị na akụkọ ahụ bụ aghụghọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes ohio case&quot; /&gt; Dave Yost, onye ọka iwu ukwu nke Ohio, nwere obi abụọ banyere akụkọ mbụ nke ihe ahụ merenụ, na-ekwu, &quot;Amaghị m na ọ gaghị eme. Ihe m na-agwa gị bụ na ọ nweghị ihe akaebe. &quot;  Onye omeiwu Ohio Jim Jordan hotara Yost na tweet, na-ekwupụta na nkwupụta ahụ bụ &quot;agha ụgha ọzọ&quot;, wee mechaa hichapụ tweet ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2022/07/13/ohio-attorney-general-rejoices-arrest-child-rape-suspect/10048250002/|title=Ohio AG Dave Yost cast doubt on 10-year-old rape victim case, now 'rejoices' at arrest|first=Laura|author=Bischoff|date=July 14, 2022|accessdate=July 16, 2022|work=[[USA Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/jim-jordan-quietly-deletes-tweet-branding-case-of-10-year-old-ohio-girls-abortion-a-lie|title=Jim Jordan Quietly Deletes Tweet Calling 10-Year-Old's Abortion a 'Lie'|first=Alan|author=Halaly|date=July 13, 2022|work=The Daily Beast}}&lt;/ref&gt; James Bopp, onye ndụmọdụ nke National Right to Life Committee, kwuru n'ajụjụ ọnụ na a ga-amanye nwa agbọghọ ahụ ime ime ime ya ruo oge zuru ezu wee mụọ nwa, nakwa na &quot;Ọ gaara amụọ nwa ahụ, dịka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị mụrụ ụmụ n'ihi ndina n'ike, anyị ga-enwe olileanya na ọ ga-aghọta ihe kpatara ya na uru nke ịmụ nwa ahụ. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/07/14/anti-abotion-10-year-old-ohio-00045843|title=National Right to Life official: 10-year-old should have had baby|first=Megan|author=Messerly|date=July 14, 2022|accessdate=July 16, 2022|work=[[Politico]]|quote=The 10-year-old Ohio girl who crossed state lines to receive an abortion in Indiana should have carried her pregnancy to term and would be required to do so under a model law written for state legislatures considering more restrictive abortion measures, according to the general counsel for the National Right to Life.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwupụta Bopp mere ka ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-akwado aka ekpe na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi iwe, na-akwa ''Dobbs'' emo na nguzo aka nri.&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes ohio case&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/14/business/media/10-year-old-girl-ohio-rape.html|title=Facts Were Sparse on an Abortion Case. But That Didn't Stop the Attacks.|first=Katie|author=Robertson|date=July 14, 2022|accessdate=July 16, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gọvanọ nke South Dakota Kristi Noem kwukwara okwu banyere ikpe ahụ, na-ekwu na &quot;Ekwenyeghị m na ọdachi ọzọ kwesịrị ime ka ọnọdụ ọdachi dịkwuo njọ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Helmore|first=Edward|title=10-year-old rape victim forced to travel from Ohio to Indiana for abortion|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jul/03/ohio-indiana-abortion-rape-victim|accessdate=September 6, 2022|work=The Guardian|date=July 3, 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yost, n'agbanyeghị obi abụọ mbụ ya banyere ikpe ahụ, kụrụ aka maka njide nke onye a na-ebo ebubo ndina n'ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;A.J.Tobias&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tobias|first=Andrew J.|title=The consequences of Dave Yost's and other Republicans' handling of 10-year-old's rape case: Analysis|url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2022/07/the-consequences-of-dave-yosts-and-other-republicans-handling-of-10-year-olds-rape-case-analysis.html|accessdate=August 5, 2022|work=cleveland.com|date=July 22, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yost kwusiri ike n'oge ahụ na e mehiere iwu Ohio n'okwu ahụ, nakwa na nwa agbọghọ ahụ nwere ike isikwopụ afọ ime na steeti ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na dọkịta na-agwọ ọrịa weere ya dị ka ọnọdụ mberede, ọbụlagodi na ọ bụghị ihe na-eyi ndụ egwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/abortion-in-ohio/ohio-attorney-general-said-10-year-old-rape-victim-could-have-had-abortion-in-ohio-but-state-law-isnt-clear|title=Ohio attorney general said 10-year-old rape victim could have had abortion in Ohio, but state law isn't clear|work=WEWS|first=Amanda|author=Merrell|date=July 14, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yost laghachiri n'okwu ya n'okwu ahụ na Disemba 2022, mgbe a họpụtara ya ọzọ, na-ekwu na ọ na-akwa ụta na &quot;ihe m kwuru abụghị ihe ndị mmadụ nụrụ, na ihe ndị mmadụ nụ kpatara ọtụtụ ihe mgbu&quot;, ma na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka onye &quot;enweghị ihe ọ bụla n'obi m kama ọmịiko na iru uju maka ihe obere nwa agbọghọ ahụ gafere&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/abortion-crime-ohio-5b99cb1b72188a1c7eb689ee5a03b689|title=Ohio attorney general revisits comments on girl's abortion|first=Julia Carr|author=Smyth|work=[[AP News]]|date=December 19, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na NPR, onye omeiwu Ohio bụ J. D. Vance kwuru na ikpe ahụ bụ otu n'ime ikpe ebe a ga-eme &quot;ihe ezi uche dị na ya&quot; maka mmachibido iwu ite ime.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Abortion Is Top Of Mind In Ohio's Closely-Watched Senate Race|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/09/13/1122694807/abortion-is-top-of-mind-in-ohios-closely-watched-senate-race|date=14 Sep 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Eprel 2023, onye isi Cincinnati Right to Life, Laura Strietmann, kwuru na a ga-amanye nwa agbọghọ ahụ ịmụ nwa, na-akọwa na ọ bụ ezie na &quot;ime ime nwere ike isi ike n'ahụ dị afọ iri, a haziri ahụ nwanyị ka ọ na-ebute ndụ,&quot; nakwa na ekwesighi iwebata ikike ite ime na ntuli aka ọha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Cheung|first=Kylie|title=Anti-Abortion Activist on 10-Year-Old Rape Victim: 'A Woman's Body Is Designed to Carry Life'|url=https://news.yahoo.com/anti-abortion-activist-10-old-201500389.html|accessdate=20 April 2023|work=Yahoo News|date=19 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'agbanyeghị arụmụka Strietmann, e mere ntuli aka na Nọvemba 2023 nke gbanwere Iwu Iwu nke Ohio iji chebe ikike ite ime.

== Nnyocha na ikpe Indiana ==
''The New York Times'', na-ekwu maka esemokwu nke ikpe ahụ kpatara, kọrọ banyere ohere dị ukwuu nke nsogbu ahụike n'ihi ime ime n'oge ọ dị obere, na-ekwupụta na &quot;ndị na-emegide ite ime a ma ama tụrụ aro na nwatakịrị kwesịrị ime ime ya ruo n'oge&quot;, mana na &quot;ndịrị nwanyị na-amụ nwa na ndị dọkịta na-arụ ọrụ na mba ebe ime bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị nwatakịrị nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na-eto eto na-ekwu na-eme ka ha ghara ịghọta oke obi ọjọọ nke ime ime ime ime na ịmụ nwa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/18/health/young-girls-pregnancy-childbirth.html|title=What Pregnancy and Childbirth Do to the Bodies of Young Girls|first=Stephanie|author=Nolen|work=The New York Times|date=July 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dọkịta Indiana nke mere usoro ahụ, Caitlin Bernard, kọrọ ya dịka iwu steeti chọrọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/07/15/indiana-doctor-abortion-report-investigation/|title=Record shows Indiana doctor fulfilled duty to report 10-year-old's abortion|first=María Luisa|author=Paúl|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=July 15, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Todd Rokita, onye ọka iwu Indiana, kwuputara nyocha na Bernard, [1] [2] na-ekwupụta na dọkịta ahụ &quot;jiri nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 10 - nwatakịrị merụrụ ahụ n'ime onwe ya - ịkwanye echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya&quot;, na N'ịga n'ihu na-ekwusi ike na &quot;ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi adịgboroja na-enyere ya aka ma na-akwado ya bụ ndị debara okwu m n'ụzọ dabara adaba iji nwaa inye ndị na-ete ime na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-agụ ha ihe nkwalite&quot;.[1] N'ime akwụkwọ echiche August 2022 nke e bipụtara na The Wall Street Journal, Rokita kọwara nyocha n'ime dọkịta ahụ ka e mere iji chebe nzuzo onye ọrịa.[3] Na Nọvemba 30, Rokita rịọrọ ka ụlọ ọrụ ikike ikike ahụike steeti Indiana were usoro ịdọ aka ná ntị megide Bernard. Rokita kwuru na Bernard agwaghị ndị ọchịchị na a na-akpagbu nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 10, ma gwakwa ndị mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi gbasara ọgwụgwọ o nyere, nke Rokita kwuru na-emebi iwu nzuzo ahụike. N'ọgwụgwụ Mee 2023, Kọmiti ikike ikike ahụike Indiana kpebiri ịbara Bernard mba maka ebubo imebi nzuzo onye ọrịa site na ikwurịta okwu ahụ, na-akwụ ya $3,000.[5][6] Ndị ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kpebiri ikpochapụ Bernard n'ebubo abụọ ọzọ, na-achọpụta na ọ &quot;anaghị ekwupụta mmegbu ụmụaka n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị nakwa na ọ ruru eru ịme ọgwụ&quot;..&lt;ref name=&quot;WP Bernard&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2023/05/25/caitlin-bernard-indiana-abortion-rape-victim/|title=Indiana board fines doctor for discussing rape victim's abortion|work=[[The Washington Post]]|first=Kim|author=Bellware|date=May 26, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Indiana University Health, ebe Bernard kwetara ihe ùgwù, kọrọ na ọ na-eme nchọpụta n'ime ụlọ, ma chọpụta na dọkịta ahụ na-agbaso iwu nzuzo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian 7-27&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jul/27/indiana-investigates-abortion-doctor-10-year-old-rape-victim|title=Indiana investigates abortion doctor who treated 10-year-old rape victim|date=July 27, 2022|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dọkịta ahụ kọwakwara na a na-enye ya nsogbu n'ihi na o meela usoro ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/07/26/1113577718/indiana-doctor-abortion-ohio-10-year-old|title=Indiana doctor says she has been harassed for giving an abortion to a 10-year-old|work=[[NPR]]|date=July 27, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jul/15/indiana-caitlin-bernard-doctor-abortion|title=Daughter of doctor who gave 10-year-old an abortion faced kidnapping threat|first=Stephanie|author=Kirchgaessner|date=July 16, 2022|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; NPR kọrọ na mgbe ihe omume a gasịrị, pasent dị ukwuu nke ndị ọrụ ahụike OB-GYN na Indiana na-atụle ịhapụ steeti ahụ n'ihi na Indiana nwere mmachibido iwu zuru oke maka ite ime na n'ihi ụzọ a na-enyocha omume Bernard.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/08/15/1117605629/ob-gyn-residents-want-to-quit-in-indiana-after-states-abortion-law-harassment|title=OB-GYN residents want to quit in Indiana after state's abortion law, harassment|first=Farah|author=Yousry|work=[[NPR]]|date=August 15, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2022, Bernard gbara Rokita akwụkwọ maka ịmalite nyocha na-enweghị isi.  Ụlọikpe ahụ kpebiri na Rokita kwurịtara ikpe ahụ n'ihu ọha n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị tupu etinye akwụkwọ mkpesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;WLFI board hearing&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wlfi.com/news/indiana-medical-board-sets-doctors-hearing-in-abortion-case/article_4c4b8620-8c37-11ed-aa14-7f7ded109a5e.html|title=Indiana medical board sets doctor's hearing in abortion case|work=[[WLFI-TV|WLFI News 18]]|date=January 4, 2023|accessdate=October 6, 2024|archivedate=October 7, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007103224/https://www.wlfi.com/news/indiana-medical-board-sets-doctors-hearing-in-abortion-case/article_4c4b8620-8c37-11ed-aa14-7f7ded109a5e.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe Bernard nwara ịhapụ ikpe ahụ, Rokita gara n'ihu iji mee ka ọ ghere oghe iji mee mkpesa maka mkpebi ụlọ ikpe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;z&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Charron|first=Cate|title=Dr. Bernard tries to dismiss lawsuit against Rokita. He wants his day in court.|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/local/indianapolis/2023/04/11/todd-rokita-argues-against-dropping-indiana-doctor-caitlin-bernard-lawsuit-10-year-old-abortion-case/70103715007/|accessdate=20 April 2023|work=The Indianapolis Star|date=11 April 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCharron2023&quot;&gt;Charron, Cate (April 11, 2023). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2023, kọmitii ahụ malitere nyocha banyere Rokita.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Smith|first=Brandon|title=Rokita under investigation by state disciplinary commission|url=https://indianapublicmedia.org/news/rokita-under-investigation-by-state-disciplinary-commission,-according-to-attorney-petition.php|work=Indiana Public Media|language=en|date=February 9, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2023, kọmitii ahụ tinyere akwụkwọ ebubo na-ezighị ezi megide Rokita.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carloni&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Carloni|first=Brittany|title=Todd Rokita faces misconduct complaint for comments regarding 10-year-old rape victim|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2023/09/18/indiana-attorney-general-todd-rokita-disciplinary-complaint-dr-caitlin-bernard-fox-news-10-year-old/70890640007/|accessdate=September 19, 2023|work=[[Indianapolis Star]]|date=September 18, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebubo abụọ metụtara nkwupụta July 2022 ya na mgbasa ozi na Bernard bụ &quot;onye na-eme ihe gbasara ite ime na-arụ ọrụ dị ka dọkịta, nke nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịghara ịkọ akụkọ&quot;; kọmitii ahụ kwuru na nkwupụta Rokita enweghị &quot;ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọzọ karịa ime ihere, igbu oge, ma ọ bụ ibu arọ&quot;, nakwa na nkwupụta nke Rokita bụ &quot;nkwupụta na-enweghị isi&quot; na Rokita &quot;ga mara nke ọma&quot; ga-agbasa n'ihu ọha ma nwee &quot;ihe yiri ka ọ ga-emebi ihe onwunwe na ebubo ahụike nke atọ nke Rokita mere na-ekwu maka ebubo ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carloni&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Amato&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Amato|first=Kymmi|title=Supreme Court Disciplinary Commission files disciplinary complaint against Attorney General Todd Rokita|url=https://www.wfft.com/news/supreme-court-disciplinary-commission-files-disciplinary-complaint-against-attorney-general-todd-rokita/article_e0abb75a-5639-11ee-9539-47d9cef5b7da.html|accessdate=September 19, 2023|work=[[WFFT]]|date=September 18, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rokita zaghachiri na ọnọdụ ahụ bụ otu &quot;nke 'na-akagbu' ụmụ amaala na-adịghị agbaso iwu site na egwu yana usoro nke nwere ike ime ka ụlọ ọrụ anyị a na-akwanyere ùgwù&quot;, ma kwuo na ọrụ nzuzo nwere ike imetụta naanị ndị ọrụ ya ọ bụghị ya, onye ọka iwu ukwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Carloni&quot; /&gt;

Na Septemba 2023, Rokita gbara onye were Bernard n'ọrụ, usoro ụlọ ọgwụ IU Health, akwụkwọ, na-azọrọ na ọ nweghị ike ichebe nzuzo nke onye dị afọ iri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Indiana attorney general sues hospital system over privacy of Ohio girl who traveled for abortion|url=https://apnews.com/article/abortion-indiana-ohio-lawsuit-e3657f24a24a38fe915e521b210a0089|accessdate=September 19, 2023|date=September 18, 2023|work=[[Associated Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe onye ọka ikpe gọọmentị etiti jụrụ ikpe ahụ na June 2024, Rokita weghachiri nkwupụta a gbanwere ma wepụ ikpe ahụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-08-13|title=Indiana attorney general drops suit over privacy of Ohio girl who traveled for abortion|url=https://apnews.com/article/abortion-indiana-ohio-lawsuit-dismissed-0957e66d6f89d6f0eff9ddc08fbaeade|accessdate=2024-08-15|work=AP News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Isikwopụ afọ ime na Indiana
* Isikwopụ afọ ime na Ohio
* [[2009 Ikpe ite ime nwa agbọghọ Brazil]]
* C Ọnọdụ

== Ihe edeturu ==
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== Ebem si dee ==

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{| class=&quot;infobox&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; |[[INHA|inhibin, alpha]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ddd&quot; |Ihe ndị na-eme ka a mata ya
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |Ihe nnọchianya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |[[INHA]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |[[National Center for Biotechnology Information#Gene|Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa NCBI]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&amp;dopt=default&amp;list_uids=3623&amp;rn=1 3623]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |[[HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee|HGNC]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |[https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:6065 6065]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |[[Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man|OMIM]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |[https://omim.org/entry/147380 147380]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |[[RefSeq]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NM_002191 NM_002191]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |[[Swiss-Prot|UniProt]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P05111 P05111]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ddd&quot; |Ihe ọmụma ndị ọzọ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |[[Locus (genetics)|Locus]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |[[Chromosome 2 (human)|Ihe e dere n'ala 2]] ''[https://omim.org/search/?index=geneMap&amp;search=2q33-qter q33-qter]''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
{| class=&quot;infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ddd&quot; |Ịchọta
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;&quot; |Ihe owuwu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;&quot; |[https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/P05111 Ihe nlereanya Switzerland]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;&quot; |Ógbè
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;&quot; |[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/P05111 InterPro]
|}
|}
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; |inhibin, beta E
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ddd&quot; |Ihe ndị na-eme ka a mata ya
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |Ihe nnọchianya
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |INHBE
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |Alt. akara
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |activin E
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |[[National Center for Biotechnology Information#Gene|Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa NCBI]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&amp;dopt=default&amp;list_uids=83729&amp;rn=1 83729]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |[[HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee|HGNC]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |[https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:24029 24029]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |[[Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man|OMIM]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |[https://omim.org/entry/612031 612031]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |[[RefSeq]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NM_031479 NM_031479]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |[[Swiss-Prot|UniProt]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P58166 P58166]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ddd&quot; |Ihe ọmụma ndị ọzọ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3&quot; |[[Locus (genetics)|Locus]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |[[Chromosome 12 (human)|Ihe e dere n'ala 12]] ''[https://omim.org/search/?index=geneMap&amp;search=12q13.2 q13.2]''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
{| class=&quot;infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #ddd&quot; |Ịchọta
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;&quot; |Ihe owuwu
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;&quot; |[https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/P58166 Ihe nlereanya Switzerland]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;&quot; |Ógbè
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;&quot; |[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/P58166 InterPro]
|}
|}
Activin na inhibin bụ ogige protein abụọ nwere njikọ chiri anya nke nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-emegide mmetụta ndu. Achọpụtara na 1986, [1] [2] activin na-akwalite biosynthesis FSH na nzuzo, ma na-ekere òkè na nhazi usoro nsọ nwanyị. Achọpụtala ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ site na activin, gụnyere ọrụ na mgbasawanye cell, ọdịiche dị iche iche, apoptosis, [3] metabolism, homeostasis, nzaghachi mgbochi, nrụzi ọnya, [4] na ọrụ endocrine. N'aka nke ọzọ, inhibin na-ebelata njikọ FSH ma na-egbochi nzuzo FSH.[5] Achọpụtara ịdị adị nke inhibin dị ka n'oge 1916; Otú ọ dị, egosighi na ọ dị adị ruo mgbe ọrụ Neena Schwartz na Cornelia Channing n'etiti 1970s, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, e ji mara protein abụọ ahụ n'ụdị molecular afọ iri ka e mesịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Inhibin at 90: from discovery to clinical application, a historical review|journal=Endocrine Reviews|volume=35|issue=5|pages=747–94|date=October 2014|pmid=25051334|doi=10.1210/er.2014-1003}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Activin bụ dimer nke nwere akụkụ abụọ yiri ibe ha ma ọ bụ yiri ibe ha. Inhibin bụkwa dimer ebe akụkụ mbụ bụ beta subunit yiri ma ọ bụ yiri beta subunit na activin. Otú ọ dị, n'adịghị ka activin, akụkụ nke abụọ nke inhibin dimer bụ subunit alpha nwere njikọ dị anya.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid3346366&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Inhibin: definition and nomenclature, including related substances|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism|volume=66|issue=4|pages=885–6|date=April 1988|pmid=3346366}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid15027884&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Inhibin/activin and ovarian cancer|journal=Endocrine-Related Cancer|volume=11|issue=1|pages=35–49|date=March 2004|pmid=15027884|doi=10.1677/erc.0.0110035}}&lt;/ref&gt; Activin, inhibin na ọtụtụ protein ndị ọzọ nwere njikọ dị ka hormone anti-Müllerian, protein morphogenetic nke ọkpụkpụ, na ihe dị iche iche nke uto bụ nke superfamily protein TGF-β.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid8299934&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The TGF-beta superfamily: new members, new receptors, and new genetic tests of function in different organisms|journal=Genes &amp; Development|volume=8|issue=2|pages=133–46|date=Jan 1994|pmid=8299934|doi=10.1101/gad.8.2.133}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị ya ==
Ngwakọta protein activin na inhibin bụ akụkụ nke dimeric na nhazi ya, na, na mgbagwoju nke ọ bụla, monomers abụọ na-ejikọta ibe ha site na otu disulfide bond.[1]. Na mgbakwunye, ogige abụọ ahụ sitere n'otu ezinụlọ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na protein metụtara mana ha dị iche na nhazi nke subunit ha.[2]. N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta nke ogige inhibin na activin a na-ahụkarị na ihe mejupụtara ha:
 
Alpha na beta subunits nwere ihe dịka 25% nke usoro yiri, ebe ihe yiri n'etiti beta subunites bụ ihe dịka 65%.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid8299934&quot; /&gt;

N'im&lt;sub&gt;E&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;su sub=&quot;&quot;&gt;B id=&quot;mwSw&quot;&gt;A ndị na-enye nwa ara, akọwaala subunits beta anọ, a na-akpọ a&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt; βA, activin βB, activin betaC na activin βE. &lt;/su&gt;&lt;su sub=&quot;&quot;&gt;B id=&quot;mwTw&quot;&gt;A βA na βB yiri nke abụọ beta subunits nke inhibin. &lt;/su&gt;A kọwawo akụkụ nke ise, activin β&lt;sub&gt;D&lt;/sub&gt;, na ''Xenopus laevis''. &lt;su sub=&quot;&quot;&gt;B id=&quot;mwVA&quot;&gt;A &lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt; nke activin βA na-ebute activin A, otu βA, na otu βB na-ebulite activin AB, na ihe ndị ọzọ. &lt;/su&gt;A kọwaala heterodimers dị iche iche, mana ọ bụghị ha niile ga-ekwe omume.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid16973148&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The role of activin in neuropeptide induction and pain sensation|journal=Developmental Biology|volume=299|issue=2|pages=303–9|date=November 2006|pmid=16973148|doi=10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid18350601&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Activins and activin antagonists in hepatocellular carcinoma|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=14|issue=11|pages=1699–709|date=March 2008|pmid=18350601|doi=10.3748/wjg.14.1699}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ejikọta subunits site na otu njikọ covalent disulfide.

Su&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt; class=&quot;cx-link&quot; data-linkid=&quot;522&quot; href=&quot;./INHBC&quot; id=&quot;mwXA&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;INHBC&quot;&gt;β&lt;sub&gt;C&lt;/sub&gt; nwere ike ịmepụta activin heterodimers na βA ma ọ bụ βB subunits mana enweghị ike iji inhibin α dimerize.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid11134153&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Localization of activin beta(A)-, beta(B)-, and beta(C)-subunits in humanprostate and evidence for formation of new activin heterodimers of beta(C)-subunit|journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism|volume=85|issue=12|pages=4851–8|date=December 2000|doi=10.1210/jcem.85.12.7052|pmid=11134153}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ihe na-akpali akpali ===
A na-emepụta activin na gonads, pituitary gland, Placenta, na akụkụ ndị ọzọ:

* Na follicle ovarian, activin na-eme ka njikọ FSH na FSH-induced aromatization dịkwuo elu. Ọ na-ekere òkè na njikọ androgen na-eme ka ọrụ LH dịkwuo mma na Ovary na testi. N'ime nwoke, activin na-eme ka spermatogenesis dịkwuo elu.
* A na-egosipụta activin n'ụzọ siri ike na akpụkpọ ahụ merụrụ ahụ, na ngosipụta gabigara ókè nke activin na epidermis nke òké transgenic na-eme ka ọgwụgwọ ọnyá dịkwuo mma ma na-emeziwanye mmepụta ọnyá. Ọrụ ya na mmezi ọnyá na morphogenesis akpụkpọ ahụ bụ site na ịkpali keratinocytes na mkpụrụ ndụ stromal n'ụzọ dabere na ọgwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bamberger Schärer Antsiferova Tychsen 2021 p.&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bamberger|first=Casimir|title=Activin Controls Skin Morphogenesis and Wound Repair Predominantly via Stromal Cells and in a Concentration-Dependent Manner via Keratinocytes|journal=The American Journal of Pathology|volume=167|issue=3|date=2021-03-09|pages=733–747|pmid=16127153|doi=10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62047-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Activin na-achịkwa morphogenesis nke akụkụ ahụ dị iche iche dị ka prostate, akpa ume, na karịsịa akụrụ. Activin A mụbara ọkwa ngosipụta nke ụdị-I collagen na-atụ aro na activin A na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akpali Fibroblasts.
* Enweghị activin n'oge mmepe na-ebute nkwarụ mmepe akwara.
* Upregulation nke Activin A na-akpali mkpụrụ ndụ stem pluripotent n'ime akara mesoendodermal, ma si otú a na-enye ngwá ọrụ bara uru maka ọdịiche nke mkpụrụ ndụ stem na mmepụta organoid.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid25670788&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Activin/Nodal signalling in stem cells|journal=Development|volume=142|issue=4|pages=607–19|year=2015|pmid=25670788|doi=10.1242/dev.091769}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Inhibin ===
Na ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke, inhibin na-egbochi mmepụta FSH. Inhibin anaghị egbochi mmepụta nke GnRH site na hypothalamus. &lt;ref name=&quot;pmid15618291&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Inhibins in female and male reproductive physiology: role in gametogenesis, conception, implantation and early pregnancy|journal=Human Reproduction Update|volume=11|issue=2|pages=123–35|year=2005|pmid=15618291|doi=10.1093/humupd/dmh057}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=First Aid for the USMLE Step 1|url=https://archive.org/details/firstaidforusmle2011leta|year=2012|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=978-0-07-177636-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, usoro ahụ dum dị iche n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị:

==== N'ime ụmụ nwanyị ====
A na-emepụta inhibin na gonads, pituitary gland, Placenta, corpus luteum na akụkụ ndị ọzọ.

FSH na-akpali mmepụta nke inhibin site na mkpụrụ ndụ granulosa nke follicles ovarian na ovaries. N'aka nke ya, inhibin na-egbochi FSH.

* ''Inhibin B'' na-eru n'elu n'oge mmalite ruo n'etiti follicular, na n'elu nke abụọ na ovulation.
* ''Inhibin A'' na-eru n'ókè ya n'etiti oge ọgụ.

==== N'ime ụmụ nwoke ====
It is secreted from the Sertoli cells,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Stimulation of Sertoli cell inhibin secretion by the testicular paracrine factor PModS|journal=Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology|volume=66|issue=2|pages=239–49|date=October 1989|pmid=2515083|doi=10.1016/0303-7207(89)90036-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; located in the seminiferous tubules inside the testes. Androgens stimulate inhibin production; this protein may also help to locally regulate spermatogenesis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Inhibin B in male reproduction: pathophysiology and clinical relevance|journal=European Journal of Endocrinology|volume=145|issue=5|pages=561–71|date=November 2001|pmid=11720872|doi=10.1530/eje.0.1450561}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Usoro nke ọrụ ==

=== Ihe na-akpali akpali ===
Dị ka ndị ọzọ so n'ezinụlọ ahụ, activins na-emekọrịta ihe na ụdị abụọ nke ndị na-anabata transmembrane n'elu mkpụrụ ndụ (Ụdị I na II) nke nwere ọrụ serine / threonine kinase intrinsic na ngalaba cytoplasmic ha:

* Activin ụdị 1 receptors: ACVR1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C
* Ndị na-anabata ụdị 2 nke Activin: ACVR2A, ACVR2B

Activin na-ejikọta na onye na-anabata Ụdị II ma malite mmeghachi omume cascade nke na-eduga na recruitment, phosphorylation, na ịrụ ọrụ nke onye na-anata ụdị I activin. Nke a na-emekọrịta ihe na phosphorylates SMAD na SMAD3, abụọ n'ime protein SMAD cytoplasmic.

Smad3 na-agagharị na nucleus ma na-emekọrịta ihe na SMAD4 site na multimerization, na-akpata mgbanwe ha dị ka ihe mgbagwoju anya nke transcription na-ahụ maka ngosipụta nke ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

=== Inhibin ===
N'adịghị ka activin, a maghị ihe dị ukwuu banyere usoro ọrụ nke inhibin, mana ọ nwere ike ịgụnye ịsọ mpi na activin maka ijikọta na ndị na-anabata activin na / ma ọ bụ ijikọta ya na ndị na'anabata inhibin.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid15027884&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe ọ pụtara n'ihe gbasara ahụike ==

=== Ihe na-akpali akpali ===
Activin A dị ọtụtụ n'ime abụba abụba nke ndị buru oke ibu, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-adịghị ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid20530742&quot; /&gt; Activin A na-akwalite mmụba nke mkpụrụ ndụ nna adipocyte, ka ọ na-egbochi ọdịiche ha n'ime adipocytes.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid20530742&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Activin a plays a critical role in proliferation and differentiation of human adipose progenitors|journal=[[Diabetes (journal)|Diabetes]]|volume=59|issue=10|pages=2513–2521|year=2010|url=http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/59/10/2513.long|doi=10.2337/db10-0013|pmid=20530742}}&lt;/ref&gt; Activin A na-amụba cytokines inflammatory na macrophages.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid20530742&quot; /&gt;

mgbanwe na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka onye na-anabata activin ACVR1 na-ebute fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, ọrịa na-egbu egbu nke na-eme ka uru ahụ na anụ ahụ dị nro jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie anya anụ ahụ ọkpụkpụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;ACVR1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva|journal=Nature Genetics|volume=38|issue=5|pages=525–527|date=May 2006|pmid=16642017|doi=10.1038/ng1783}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akọwa ọnọdụ a site n'ịmepụta ọkpụkpụ ọzọ nke na-emepụta immobilization na n'ikpeazụ ọnwụ site na iku ume.&lt;ref name=&quot;ACVR1&quot; /&gt; Mgbanwe na ACVR1 na-akpata activin A, nke na-arụkarị ọrụ dị ka onye na-emegide onye na-anabata ma na-egbochi osteogenesis (ọkpụkpụ uto), iji mee ka onye na'ahụ maka onye na-anata ya ma mee ka ọkpụkpụ na-eto eto.&lt;ref name=&quot;ACVR1&quot; /&gt; Na 2 Septemba 2015, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals kwupụtara na ha mepụtara ihe na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ maka activin A nke na-agwọ ọrịa ahụ n'ụzọ dị irè na ihe nlereanya anụmanụ nke ọnọdụ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN0R222Z20150902|title=Regeneron scientists discover key to excess bone growth in rare disease|author=Julie Steenhuysen|publisher=Reuters|date=2 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ejikọkwa mgbanwe na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ACVR1 na ọrịa kansa, ọkachasị diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Recurrent activating ACVR1 mutations in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma|journal=Nature Genetics|volume=46|issue=5|pages=457–61|date=May 2014|pmid=24705252|doi=10.1038/ng.2925}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;urlCure Brain Cancer - News - Multiple Breakthroughs in Childhood Brain Cancer DIPG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.curebraincancer.org.au/news/1044/multiple-breakthroughs-in-childhood-brain-cancer|title=Cure Brain Cancer - News - Multiple Breakthroughs in Childhood Brain Cancer DIPG|publisher=Cure Brain Cancer Foundation|accessdate=2024-10-13|archivedate=2020-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812124610/https://www.curebraincancer.org.au/news/1044/multiple-breakthroughs-in-childhood-brain-cancer}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid24705254&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Genomic analysis of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas identifies three molecular subgroups and recurrent activating ACVR1 mutations|journal=Nature Genetics|volume=46|issue=5|pages=451–6|date=May 2014|pmid=24705254|doi=10.1038/ng.2936}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọnọdụ dị elu nke Activin B na ọkwa Activin A dị mma nyere ihe na-egosi ihe ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọrịa myalgic encephalomyelitis / ọrịa ike ọgwụgwụ na-adịghị ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Activin B is a novel biomarker for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) diagnosis: a cross sectional study|journal=Journal of Translational Medicine|volume=15|issue=1|pages=60|date=March 2017|pmid=28302133|doi=10.1186/s12967-017-1161-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Activin A na-egosipụta oke n'ọtụtụ ọrịa kansa. E gosipụtara na ọ na-akwalite tumorigenesis site na igbochi mmeghachi omume mgbochi tumor na melanoma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Paracrine Activin-A Signaling Promotes Melanoma Growth and Metastasis through Immune Evasion|journal=The Journal of Investigative Dermatology|volume=137|issue=12|pages=2578–2587|date=December 2017|pmid=28844941|doi=10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.845}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Inhibin ===
Nkọwa nke inhibin A bụ akụkụ nke ihe nyocha quad tupu a mụọ nwa nke enwere ike inye n'oge ime n'oge afọ ime nke izu 16-18. Inhibin A dị elu (yana beta-hCG dị elu, AFP belatara, na estriol belatara) na-egosi ọnụnọ nke nwa e bu n'afọ nwere Ọrịa Down.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Dimeric inhibin A as a marker for Down's syndrome in early pregnancy|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=334|issue=19|pages=1231–6|date=May 1996|pmid=8606718|doi=10.1056/NEJM199605093341904}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka ule nyocha, a ghaghị ịgbaso nsonaazụ nyocha quad na-adịghị mma na nyocha ndị ọzọ doro anya.

A na-ejikwa ya eme ihe dị ka ihe na-egosi Ọrịa kansa ovarian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Inhibin as a diagnostic marker for ovarian cancer|journal=Cancer Letters|volume=249|issue=1|pages=14–7|date=April 2007|pmid=17320281|doi=10.1016/j.canlet.2006.12.017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Inhibins and ovarian cancer|journal=Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology|volume=225|issue=1–2|pages=65–71|date=October 2004|pmid=15451569|doi=10.1016/j.mce.2004.02.014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enwere ike iji Inhibin B mee ihe dị ka akara nke ọrụ spermatogenesis na enweghị ọmụmụ nwoke. Ọkwa ọbara inhibin B dị elu nke ukwuu n'etiti ụmụ nwoke nwere ike ime (ihe dị ka 140 pg/mL) karịa na ụmụ nwoke na-amụghị nwa (ihe dị ka 80 pg/ml).[1] N'ime ndị ikom nwere azoospermia, nyocha dị mma maka inhibin B na-ebuli ohere iji nweta afọ ime nke ọma site na mmịpụta sperm testicular (TESE), ọ bụ ezie na njikọ ahụ adịchaghị mkpa, na-enwe mmetụta nke 0.65 (95% oge ntụkwasị obi [CI]: 0.56 -0.74) na nkọwapụta nke 0.83 (CI: 0.64-0.93) maka amụma ọnụnọ nke spam na testes na azoospermia na-abụghị obstructive..&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid20601364&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Inhibin B and anti-Mullerian hormone as markers of persistent spermatogenesis in men with non-obstructive azoospermia: a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies|journal=Human Reproduction Update|volume=16|issue=6|pages=713–24|year=2010|pmid=20601364|doi=10.1093/humupd/dmq024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebem si dee ==

[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Janie Tsao</title>
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        <username>Ebube Clara</username>
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      <comment>Fixed reference error</comment>
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      <text bytes="8034" sha1="4g40b4gejcqecljs3cc79ur9mdymtwn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Janie Tsao''' (amuru 1953), née '''Wu Chien''' ( Chinese    ), bụ onye ọchụnta ego America nke China mụrụ na Taiwan na onye injinia ngwaike. Ya na di ya Victor kwadoro Linksys, onye ọsụ ụzọ ịkparịta ụka n'ụlọ, ma ree ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Cisco Systems maka $ 500 nde na 2003.

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Amụrụ Wu Chien (ma ọ bụ Wu Jian), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article-content-80392-123086|title=曹英偉身價是其他人總和的五倍|work=Business Today|date=2004-12-30|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsao nwetara nzere bachelọ na akwụkwọ Bekee na Mahadum Tamkang dị na Taiwan . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cta.tech/i3/Innovate/2014/September-October/2014-CE-Hall-of-Fame-Victor-and-Janie-Tsao.aspx|title=2014 CE Hall of Fame: Victor and Janie Tsao|work=www.cta.tech|accessdate=2016-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418120259/http://www.cta.tech/i3/Innovate/2014/September-October/2014-CE-Hall-of-Fame-Victor-and-Janie-Tsao.aspx|archivedate=2016-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere di ya n'ọdịnihu na onye ọlụlụ, Victor Tsao.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ha mechara lụọ na United States. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://magazine.iit.edu/spring-2011/score-another-team-tsao|title=Score Another for Team Tsao|work=IIT Magazine|date=20 January 2011|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1977, Tsao na di ya kwagara [[Chicago]], ebe ha gara ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://magazine.iit.edu/spring-2011/score-another-team-tsao|title=Score Another for Team Tsao|work=IIT Magazine|date=20 January 2011|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://magazine.iit.edu/spring-2011/score-another-team-tsao &quot;Score Another for Team Tsao&quot;]. ''IIT Magazine''. 20 January 2011&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ha mechara biri na [[California]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
Na 1975, Tsao kwagara United States wee nakwere ọnọdụ na Sears Roebuck na teknụzụ ozi, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ ihe karịrị afọ asatọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.womenworthwatching.com/janie-tsao/|title=Janie Tsao|work=www.womenworthwatching.com|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na TRW na Carter Hawley Hale dị ka onye njikwa usoro. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Linksys ===
[[Usòrò:Linksys-Wireless-G-Router.jpg|thumb| 802.11g Linksys rawụta ikuku]]
Na 1988, Tsaos nwere echiche maka ngwaahịa nke ga-ekwe ka ọtụtụ kọmputa kesaa ngwa nbipute. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://business.goldsea.com/Tsaovic/tsaovic.html|title=Victor &amp; Janie Tsao: Linksys's Big Wi-Fi Payoff|work=business.goldsea.com|accessdate=2016-04-17|archivedate=2005-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051222171432/http://business.goldsea.com/Tsaovic/tsaovic.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Janie, onye dị afọ 35 mgbe ahụ, kwụsịrị ọrụ ya ịmalite Linksys na di na nwunye ahụ ji ego ha na-echekwa ego kwụọ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ha tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ha. &lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040101/linksys.html|title=Entrepreneurs of the Year|date=2004-01-01|work=Inc.com|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngwaahịa mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma na site na 1991, ọ na-enweta uru zuru oke iji kwe ka Victor kwụsịkwa ọrụ ya ma rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ oge niile. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Janie Tsao na-ahụ maka ire ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ọ bụkwa ya na-ahụ maka ime ka ndị isi na-ere ahịa Fry's Electronics na Best Buy ka ha ree ngwaahịa Linksys na 1995 na 1996, n'otu n'otu. Ndị a bụ ezumike dị oke mkpa maka Linksys, na-abawanye ego ọ na-enweta na $21.5 na 1996, wee mee ka ọ dị okpukpu atọ ọzọ ruo $ 65.6 nde afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị. &lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040101/linksys.html|title=Entrepreneurs of the Year|date=2004-01-01|work=Inc.com|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040101/linksys.html &quot;Entrepreneurs of the Year&quot;]. ''Inc.com''. 2004-01-01&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ mepụtara ọwa azụmaahịa Linksys ma leba anya na mmepe nke nkesa ụlọ ọrụ, e-azụmahịa na usoro ahịa ọwa mba ụwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2004/bio_linksys_janie_tsao.pdf|title=CISCO Newsroom|date=|publisher=Cisco|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ zụlitekwara atụmatụ brọdband nke Linksys, ya na ụlọ ọrụ USB na telecom na-emekọrịta ihe iji &quot;nye ohere nkekọrịta ịntanetị ngwa ngwa site na wired ma ọ bụ ikuku ikuku nye ndị ọrụ PC n'ofe mba ahụ.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Na 2003, Tsaos rere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nye Cisco Systems na nkwekọrịta ọnụ ahịa ruru $ 500 nde. &lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040101/linksys.html|title=Entrepreneurs of the Year|date=2004-01-01|work=Inc.com|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040101/linksys.html &quot;Entrepreneurs of the Year&quot;]. ''Inc.com''. 2004-01-01&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ha gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka Cisco dị ka ndị isi osote ndị isi ruo 2007, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; mgbe ha lara ezumike nká na ndụ ụlọ ọrụ &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ma tụgharịa uche ha na Miven Venture Partners, ụlọ ọrụ ntinye ego ha tọrọ ntọala na 2005. &lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot; /&gt;

== Nkwenye ==
Na 2000, Orange County Business Association kpọrọ Tsao onye ọchụnta ego nke afọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2004/bio_linksys_janie_tsao.pdf|title=CISCO Newsroom|date=|publisher=Cisco|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2002, e nyere ya ihe nrite BridgeGate 20. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Na 2004, Tsao na di ya jikọtara ọnụ na-akpọ Entrepreneur of the Year site ''Inc.'' magazine. &lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040101/linksys.html|title=Entrepreneurs of the Year|date=2004-01-01|work=Inc.com|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye mmeri 2005 nke [[ABIE Award for Technical Leadership]] site na Anita Borg Institute . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://anitaborg.org/profiles/abie-award-winners/leadership/janie-tsao/|title=Janie Tsao - AnitaB.org|date=1 October 2005|work=anitaborg.org|accessdate=7 August 2017|archivedate=7 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807235746/https://anitaborg.org/profiles/abie-award-winners/leadership/janie-tsao/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://anitaborg.org/awards-grants/abie-awards/|title=Abie Awards - AnitaB.org|work=anitaborg.org|accessdate=2017-08-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807232722/https://anitaborg.org/awards-grants/abie-awards/|archivedate=2017-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Tsao na di ya nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Michael na Steven. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://magazine.iit.edu/spring-2011/score-another-team-tsao|title=Score Another for Team Tsao|work=IIT Magazine|date=20 January 2011|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://magazine.iit.edu/spring-2011/score-another-team-tsao &quot;Score Another for Team Tsao&quot;]. ''IIT Magazine''. 20 January 2011&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Site na Tsao Family Foundation, ha na Center for Asian American Media na-arụkọ ọrụ iji mepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ &quot;na-akwalite nghọta na nkwurịta okwu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
 {{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>4g40b4gejcqecljs3cc79ur9mdymtwn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672703</id>
      <parentid>672702</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T16:50:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ebube Clara</username>
        <id>43871</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fixed reference error</comment>
      <origin>672703</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7121" sha1="asa8fzd9x3dabdjhrt29o4hwispogng" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Janie Tsao''' (amuru 1953), née '''Wu Chien''' ( Chinese    ), bụ onye ọchụnta ego America nke China mụrụ na Taiwan na onye injinia ngwaike. Ya na di ya Victor kwadoro Linksys, onye ọsụ ụzọ ịkparịta ụka n'ụlọ, ma ree ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Cisco Systems maka $ 500 nde na 2003.

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Amụrụ Wu Chien (ma ọ bụ Wu Jian), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article-content-80392-123086|title=曹英偉身價是其他人總和的五倍|work=Business Today|date=2004-12-30|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsao nwetara nzere bachelọ na akwụkwọ Bekee na Mahadum Tamkang dị na Taiwan . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cta.tech/i3/Innovate/2014/September-October/2014-CE-Hall-of-Fame-Victor-and-Janie-Tsao.aspx|title=2014 CE Hall of Fame: Victor and Janie Tsao|work=www.cta.tech|accessdate=2016-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418120259/http://www.cta.tech/i3/Innovate/2014/September-October/2014-CE-Hall-of-Fame-Victor-and-Janie-Tsao.aspx|archivedate=2016-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere di ya n'ọdịnihu na onye ọlụlụ, Victor Tsao.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ha mechara lụọ na United States. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://magazine.iit.edu/spring-2011/score-another-team-tsao|title=Score Another for Team Tsao|work=IIT Magazine|date=20 January 2011|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1977, Tsao na di ya kwagara [[Chicago]], ebe ha gara ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ha mechara biri na [[California]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
Na 1975, Tsao kwagara United States wee nakwere ọnọdụ na Sears Roebuck na teknụzụ ozi, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ ihe karịrị afọ asatọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.womenworthwatching.com/janie-tsao/|title=Janie Tsao|work=www.womenworthwatching.com|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na TRW na Carter Hawley Hale dị ka onye njikwa usoro. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Linksys ===
[[Usòrò:Linksys-Wireless-G-Router.jpg|thumb| 802.11g Linksys rawụta ikuku]]
Na 1988, Tsaos nwere echiche maka ngwaahịa nke ga-ekwe ka ọtụtụ kọmputa kesaa ngwa nbipute. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://business.goldsea.com/Tsaovic/tsaovic.html|title=Victor &amp; Janie Tsao: Linksys's Big Wi-Fi Payoff|work=business.goldsea.com|accessdate=2016-04-17|archivedate=2005-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051222171432/http://business.goldsea.com/Tsaovic/tsaovic.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Janie, onye dị afọ 35 mgbe ahụ, kwụsịrị ọrụ ya ịmalite Linksys na di na nwunye ahụ ji ego ha na-echekwa ego kwụọ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ha tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ha. &lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040101/linksys.html|title=Entrepreneurs of the Year|date=2004-01-01|work=Inc.com|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngwaahịa mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma na site na 1991, ọ na-enweta uru zuru oke iji kwe ka Victor kwụsịkwa ọrụ ya ma rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ oge niile. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Janie Tsao na-ahụ maka ire ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ọ bụkwa ya na-ahụ maka ime ka ndị isi na-ere ahịa Fry's Electronics na Best Buy ka ha ree ngwaahịa Linksys na 1995 na 1996, n'otu n'otu. Ndị a bụ ezumike dị oke mkpa maka Linksys, na-abawanye ego ọ na-enweta na $21.5 na 1996, wee mee ka ọ dị okpukpu atọ ọzọ ruo $ 65.6 nde afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị. &lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040101/linksys.html|title=Entrepreneurs of the Year|date=2004-01-01|work=Inc.com|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040101/linksys.html &quot;Entrepreneurs of the Year&quot;]. ''Inc.com''. 2004-01-01&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ mepụtara ọwa azụmaahịa Linksys ma leba anya na mmepe nke nkesa ụlọ ọrụ, e-azụmahịa na usoro ahịa ọwa mba ụwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2004/bio_linksys_janie_tsao.pdf|title=CISCO Newsroom|date=|publisher=Cisco|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ zụlitekwara atụmatụ brọdband nke Linksys, ya na ụlọ ọrụ USB na telecom na-emekọrịta ihe iji &quot;nye ohere nkekọrịta ịntanetị ngwa ngwa site na wired ma ọ bụ ikuku ikuku nye ndị ọrụ PC n'ofe mba ahụ.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Na 2003, Tsaos rere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nye Cisco Systems na nkwekọrịta ọnụ ahịa ruru $ 500 nde. &lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040101/linksys.html|title=Entrepreneurs of the Year|date=2004-01-01|work=Inc.com|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040101/linksys.html &quot;Entrepreneurs of the Year&quot;]. ''Inc.com''. 2004-01-01&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2016-04-17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ha gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka Cisco dị ka ndị isi osote ndị isi ruo 2007, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; mgbe ha lara ezumike nká na ndụ ụlọ ọrụ &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ma tụgharịa uche ha na Miven Venture Partners, ụlọ ọrụ ntinye ego ha tọrọ ntọala na 2005. &lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot; /&gt;

== Nkwenye ==
Na 2000, Orange County Business Association kpọrọ Tsao onye ọchụnta ego nke afọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2004/bio_linksys_janie_tsao.pdf|title=CISCO Newsroom|date=|publisher=Cisco|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2002, e nyere ya ihe nrite BridgeGate 20. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Na 2004, Tsao na di ya jikọtara ọnụ na-akpọ Entrepreneur of the Year site ''Inc.'' magazine. &lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040101/linksys.html|title=Entrepreneurs of the Year|date=2004-01-01|work=Inc.com|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye mmeri 2005 nke [[ABIE Award for Technical Leadership]] site na Anita Borg Institute . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://anitaborg.org/profiles/abie-award-winners/leadership/janie-tsao/|title=Janie Tsao - AnitaB.org|date=1 October 2005|work=anitaborg.org|accessdate=7 August 2017|archivedate=7 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807235746/https://anitaborg.org/profiles/abie-award-winners/leadership/janie-tsao/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://anitaborg.org/awards-grants/abie-awards/|title=Abie Awards - AnitaB.org|work=anitaborg.org|accessdate=2017-08-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807232722/https://anitaborg.org/awards-grants/abie-awards/|archivedate=2017-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Tsao na di ya nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Michael na Steven. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Site na Tsao Family Foundation, ha na Center for Asian American Media na-arụkọ ọrụ iji mepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ &quot;na-akwalite nghọta na nkwurịta okwu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
 {{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>asa8fzd9x3dabdjhrt29o4hwispogng</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672704</id>
      <parentid>672703</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T16:53:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ebube Clara</username>
        <id>43871</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed reference error</comment>
      <origin>672704</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6144" sha1="hzlifru81s7si7zzdu92nrvtw44hzwk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Janie Tsao''' (amuru 1953), née '''Wu Chien''' ( Chinese    ), bụ onye ọchụnta ego America nke China mụrụ na Taiwan na onye injinia ngwaike. Ya na di ya Victor kwadoro Linksys, onye ọsụ ụzọ ịkparịta ụka n'ụlọ, ma ree ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Cisco Systems maka $ 500 nde na 2003.

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Amụrụ Wu Chien (ma ọ bụ Wu Jian), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article-content-80392-123086|title=曹英偉身價是其他人總和的五倍|work=Business Today|date=2004-12-30|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsao nwetara nzere bachelọ na akwụkwọ Bekee na Mahadum Tamkang dị na Taiwan . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cta.tech/i3/Innovate/2014/September-October/2014-CE-Hall-of-Fame-Victor-and-Janie-Tsao.aspx|title=2014 CE Hall of Fame: Victor and Janie Tsao|work=www.cta.tech|accessdate=2016-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418120259/http://www.cta.tech/i3/Innovate/2014/September-October/2014-CE-Hall-of-Fame-Victor-and-Janie-Tsao.aspx|archivedate=2016-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ebe ahụ, ọ zutere di ya n'ọdịnihu na onye ọlụlụ, Victor Tsao.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ha mechara lụọ na United States. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://magazine.iit.edu/spring-2011/score-another-team-tsao|title=Score Another for Team Tsao|work=IIT Magazine|date=20 January 2011|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1977, Tsao na di ya kwagara [[Chicago]], ebe ha gara ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ha mechara biri na [[California]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
Na 1975, Tsao kwagara United States wee nakwere ọnọdụ na Sears Roebuck na teknụzụ ozi, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ ihe karịrị afọ asatọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.womenworthwatching.com/janie-tsao/|title=Janie Tsao|work=www.womenworthwatching.com|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na TRW na Carter Hawley Hale dị ka onye njikwa usoro. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Linksys ===
[[Usòrò:Linksys-Wireless-G-Router.jpg|thumb| 802.11g Linksys rawụta ikuku]]
Na 1988, Tsaos nwere echiche maka ngwaahịa nke ga-ekwe ka ọtụtụ kọmputa kesaa ngwa nbipute. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://business.goldsea.com/Tsaovic/tsaovic.html|title=Victor &amp; Janie Tsao: Linksys's Big Wi-Fi Payoff|work=business.goldsea.com|accessdate=2016-04-17|archivedate=2005-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051222171432/http://business.goldsea.com/Tsaovic/tsaovic.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Janie, onye dị afọ 35 mgbe ahụ, kwụsịrị ọrụ ya ịmalite Linksys na di na nwunye ahụ ji ego ha na-echekwa ego kwụọ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ha tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala ha. &lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20040101/linksys.html|title=Entrepreneurs of the Year|date=2004-01-01|work=Inc.com|accessdate=2016-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngwaahịa mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma na site na 1991, ọ na-enweta uru zuru oke iji kwe ka Victor kwụsịkwa ọrụ ya ma rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ oge niile. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Janie Tsao na-ahụ maka ire ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ọ bụkwa ya na-ahụ maka ime ka ndị isi na-ere ahịa Fry's Electronics na Best Buy ka ha ree ngwaahịa Linksys na 1995 na 1996, n'otu n'otu. Ndị a bụ ezumike dị oke mkpa maka Linksys, na-abawanye ego ọ na-enweta na $21.5 na 1996, wee mee ka ọ dị okpukpu atọ ọzọ ruo $ 65.6 nde afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot; /&gt; Ọ mepụtara ọwa azụmaahịa Linksys ma leba anya na mmepe nke nkesa ụlọ ọrụ, e-azụmahịa na usoro ahịa ọwa mba ụwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2004/bio_linksys_janie_tsao.pdf|title=CISCO Newsroom|date=|publisher=Cisco|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ zụlitekwara atụmatụ brọdband nke Linksys, ya na ụlọ ọrụ USB na telecom na-emekọrịta ihe iji &quot;nye ohere nkekọrịta ịntanetị ngwa ngwa site na wired ma ọ bụ ikuku ikuku nye ndị ọrụ PC n'ofe mba ahụ.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Na 2003, Tsaos rere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nye Cisco Systems na nkwekọrịta ọnụ ahịa ruru $ 500 nde.&lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot; /&gt; Ha gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka Cisco dị ka ndị isi osote ndị isi ruo 2007, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; mgbe ha lara ezumike nká na ndụ ụlọ ọrụ &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ma tụgharịa uche ha na Miven Venture Partners, ụlọ ọrụ ntinye ego ha tọrọ ntọala na 2005. &lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot; /&gt;

== Nkwenye ==
Na 2000, Orange County Business Association kpọrọ Tsao onye ọchụnta ego nke afọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2004/bio_linksys_janie_tsao.pdf|title=CISCO Newsroom|date=|publisher=Cisco|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2002, e nyere ya ihe nrite BridgeGate 20. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Na 2004, Tsao na di ya jikọtara ọnụ na-akpọ Entrepreneur of the Year site ''Inc.'' magazine.&lt;ref name=&quot;inc&quot; /&gt;Ọ bụ onye mmeri 2005 nke [[ABIE Award for Technical Leadership]] site na Anita Borg Institute . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://anitaborg.org/profiles/abie-award-winners/leadership/janie-tsao/|title=Janie Tsao - AnitaB.org|date=1 October 2005|work=anitaborg.org|accessdate=7 August 2017|archivedate=7 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807235746/https://anitaborg.org/profiles/abie-award-winners/leadership/janie-tsao/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://anitaborg.org/awards-grants/abie-awards/|title=Abie Awards - AnitaB.org|work=anitaborg.org|accessdate=2017-08-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807232722/https://anitaborg.org/awards-grants/abie-awards/|archivedate=2017-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Tsao na di ya nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ, Michael na Steven. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Site na Tsao Family Foundation, ha na Center for Asian American Media na-arụkọ ọrụ iji mepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ &quot;na-akwalite nghọta na nkwurịta okwu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
 {{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Ebe obibi ụmụaka Amberdale</title>
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        <username>Vivian Amalachukwu</username>
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      <text bytes="25460" sha1="kt94bti0aileri5akzqej5g985xuaky" xml:space="preserve">Ụlọ ụmụaka Amberdale bụ ụlọ na-agba ọsọ kansụl na Stapleford na Nottinghamshire, England, ebe ndị ọrụ mere nnukwu mmejọ mmekọahụ megide ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke na 1980s. Ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ nwetara nnukwu nga mkpọrọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post_2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Whitfield|first=David|title=It took a total of 154 years to bring these abusers to justice after concerns were first raised|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/nottingham-news/took-total-154-years-bring-3156355|work=Nottingham Post|date=1 August 2019|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ==
Amberdale, na Stapleford dị nso na Nottingham, bụ Nottinghamshire County Council na-arụ ọrụ site na 1982 ruo 1996[2] dị ka ebe ụmụaka na-enwe nsogbu dị ka mmegbu sitere n'ezinụlọ ha, na-akwalite ihe isi ike ma ọ bụ zere ụlọ akwụkwọ.. &lt;ref name=&quot;23_Apr_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sherdley|first=Rebecca|title=Social worker who was charged more than a decade after first allegation of abuse in children's home goes on trial|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/social-worker-who-charged-more-1491207|work=Nottingham Post|date=23 April 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ebe ahụ mechara bụrụ Clayfields House Secure Unit . &lt;ref name=&quot;08_May_2018_BBC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Dean Gathercole jailed over 1980s children's care home rapes|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-44039768|work=BBC News|date=8 May 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iji Mmetụta Mmetụta ==
Ụmụaka nọ n'etiti afọ iri na ụma ha bụ ndị ndị ọrụ na-emegbu n'ụzọ mmekọahụ n'afọ ndị 1980, n'ụzọ dị iche iche gụnyere ndina n'ike. Ọ dịkarịa ala otu nwa agbọghọ gbapụrụ iji gbanahụ mmetọ mmekọahụ na-aga n'ihu.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Whitfield|first=David|title=How it took me 30 years to see the social worker who raped me as a teenager jailed|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/how-took-30-years-see-3160241|work=Nottingham Post|date=1 August 2019|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_BBC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Operation Equinox: Woman jailed for sex with boy, 15|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-44335929|work=BBC News|date=1 June 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye isi ndị uwe ojii Nottinghamshire Rob Griffin kọwara na mmetụta ya &quot;nwere ike ịdịru ndụ niile, na-emetụta ọ bụghị naanị ndị lanarịrị onwe ha kamakwa ndị kacha nso ha.&quot; Ọ nọgidere n'ihi na &quot;usoro adịghị adị, n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ, iji chebe ụmụaka site na mmegbu ahụ.&quot; A naghị emeso ndị ihe metụtara ihu &quot;ihe mgbochi doro anya na mkpughe&quot; na ọbụna nkwupụta na-aga nke ọma&quot; anaghị emeso ya nke ọma mgbe niile..&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

=== Mmebi nke Nchebe Ụmụaka ===
Ndị ọrụ na-emebi usoro nchekwa, nke e bu n'uche iji gbochie mmetọ ọzọ mgbe a tụrụ onye na-elekọta Amberdale mkpọrọ na 1980s maka nnukwu mmebi iwu mmekọahụ. Ha gbanyụrụ mgbaàmà ụlọ ihi ụra n'abalị ma jụ ịnọgide na-anọ n'ala ahụ. Otu onye bibu na ya chetara na ya &quot;na-ejide nwa agbọghọ nke kwụ n'elu steepụ ma na-eti mkpu - maka ihe yiri ihe na-enweghị njedebe - maka enyemaka n'ihi na enweghị ndị ọrụ dị n'ala&quot;.

Ọ dịghị onye jụrụ ihe mere onye ọrụ na-emegbu ya n'ụzọ mmekọahụ Dean Gathercole ji kpọbata ụmụ agbọghọ n'ụlọ nne ya ugboro ugboro. A nabatakwara mmebi nke mkpakọrịta ụmụaka &quot;na-emetụ n'ahụ&quot; mgbe niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

=== Idebe Ihe ===
Ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ na-enyo Myriam Bamkin enyo, dịka ọmụmaatụ site n'ịnụ mmekọahụ n'ụlọikwuu n'oge njem nleta.[1] Ha kọọrọ onyeisi Amberdale ihe na-enye ha nsogbu n’obi, bụ́ onye gwara ha ka ha zoo ihe ọjọọ ahụ ha na-eme.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sherdley|first=Rebecca|title=Concerns over social worker who had sex with boy, 15, were 'swept under the carpet'|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/myriam-bamkin-social-worker-1631559|work=Nottingham Post|date=1 June 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dean Gathercole dọrọ otu nwa agbọghọ ọ tara n'ike ugboro abụọ n'ime ụlọ dị nso ka ọ ghara ịgwa onye ọ bụla banyere mpụ ahụ ma ọ bụ na a ga-ekweta ya. Ọ kọọrọ ndị uwe ojii naanị ọtụtụ iri afọ ka e mesịrị na 2014, n'ikpeazụ na-enyere Gathercole aka ebubo.&lt;ref name=&quot;05_Oct_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Whitfield|first=David|title=Convicted paedophile Dean Gathercole to appeal against his sentence|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/convicted-paedophile-dean-gathercole-appeal-2077271|work=Nottingham Post|date=5 October 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

== Ndị e gburu ==
Ihe akaebe nke mmadụ atọ e gburu mere ka a maa ndị omempụ Amberdale abụọ ikpe.

Abụọ bụ ụmụ agbọghọ Dean Gathercole dinara n'ike - otu n'ime ụlọ dị nso na nke ọzọ n'àkwà nne ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; Myriam Bamkin jiri nke atọ mee ihe mgbe ọ bụ nwata.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

=== Onye Gathercole &quot;a tọhapụrụ&quot; ===
Nwanyị ahụ Dean Gathercole dinara n'ike n'àkwà nne ya nwere ahụmahụ dị iche iche nke ịchọ ikpe ziri ezi, gụnyere &quot;àgwà na-eleda ndị na-eto eto na-emegbu site na klas&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

E metọrọ ya nke ukwuu nke na ọ gbapụrụ, na-agba ọsọ na mkpọsa Gathercole na-enweghị ngwọta nke iyi egwu na mwakpo mmekọahụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ pụghị ibi ebe ahụ n'ihi na Gathercole kwuru na &quot;a tọhapụrụ&quot; ya, nke o kwuru na ya enweghị ike iwepụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;04_May_2018_Westbridgford_Wire&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Radcliffe former children's home worker jailed for rape of girls in his care|url=https://westbridgfordwire.com/radcliffe-former-childrens-worker-jailed-for-rape-of-girls-in-his-care/|work=Westbridgford Wire|date=4 May 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe o mechara pụta n'ihu n'afọ 2000, n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii Oxclose Lane, a jụrụ ya n'ụzọ &quot;na-ebo ebubo&quot; otu ejiji ya na &quot;ma ọ bụ m nwa agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke&quot;. Ndị uwe ojii gosipụtara &quot;enweghị ọmịiko, ọmịiko ma ọ bụ obere nghọta&quot;, na-ahapụ ya &quot;na-eche na m bụ onye omekome, na emere m ihe ọjọọ&quot;. O nyere nkwupụta &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|author=Whitfield|first=David|title=How it took me 30 years to see the social worker who raped me as a teenager jailed|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/how-took-30-years-see-3160241|work=Nottingham Post|date=1 August 2019|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;Whitfield, David (1 August 2019). [https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/how-took-30-years-see-3160241 &quot;How it took me 30 years to see the social worker who raped me as a teenager jailed&quot;]. ''Nottingham Post''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190802140546/https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/how-took-30-years-see-3160241 Archived] from the original on 2 August 2019.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ma jide Gathercole. &lt;ref name=&quot;05_Oct_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; A tọhapụrụ ya n'ebughị ebubo  n'ihi na Crown Prosecution Service nabatara nkọwa ya maka ihe mere o ji nwee ike ịkọwa &quot;ahụ ya na-enweghị isi&quot; na ụlọ ihi ụra nne ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;04_May_2018_Westbridgford_Wire&quot; /&gt; Mgbe ndị uwe ojii gwara ya na a chụpụrụ Gathercole, ọ ka na-echegbu onwe ya maka ohere ọ na-enweta ụmụ agbọghọ ndị ọzọ, na-akpata &quot;nsogbu ahụike uche enweghị m ike ịnagide&quot; na &quot;oké nchegbu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

Ahụmahụ ya dị nnọọ iche mgbe onye nke abụọ a nwụchiri gwara ndị uwe ojii Gathercole na 2014. Ndị uwe ojii Operation Equinox sooro ndị uwe ojii rụọ ọrụ na [[Ireland]], ebe ọ bi ma gaa leta ya n'ebe ahụ na 2017. Ọ chọtara ndị uwe ojii a &quot;na-aghọta&quot;, &quot;onye ọrịa&quot;, &quot;onye ọmịiko&quot; na &quot;ikwu okwu n'ụzọ ziri ezi&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ahụ n'oge ikpe ahụ, a manyere ya inyefe Dean Gathercole na ndị otu ya niile na-agbachitere ya. Ihe ndị a na-emetụta mmadụ na-eche na a na-emegbu ha &quot;ọzọ ọzọ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

== Ikpe ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Onye mere ya
!Ikpe (s) 
!Okwu ikpe
|-
|Dean Gathercole
|ndina n'ike (n'ime ebubo atọ), mwakpo rụrụ arụ (n'ihi ebubo isii) 
|Afọ iri na asaa&lt;ref name=&quot;18_Oct_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Whitfield|first=David|title=Two-year sentence reduction for paedophile who abused young girls at Amberdale|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/two-year-sentence-reduction-paedophile-2122948|work=Nottingham Post|date=18 October 2018|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;Whitfield, David (18 October 2018). [https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/two-year-sentence-reduction-paedophile-2122948 &quot;Two-year sentence reduction for paedophile who abused young girls at Amberdale&quot;]. ''Nottingham Post''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181103222638/https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/two-year-sentence-reduction-paedophile-2122948 Archived] from the original on 3 November 2018.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Myriam Bamkin
|Mwakpo rụrụ arụ&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post_2&quot; /&gt;
|Afọ abụọ na ọkara&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_Westbridgford_Wire&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Jail for former Nottingham social worker who indecently assaulted a child in 1980s|url=https://westbridgfordwire.com/jail-for-former-nottingham-social-worker-who-indecently-assaulted-a-child-in-1980s/|work=Westbridgford Wire|date=1 June 2018|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://westbridgfordwire.com/jail-for-former-nottingham-social-worker-who-indecently-assaulted-a-child-in-1980s/ &quot;Jail for former Nottingham social worker who indecently assaulted a child in 1980s&quot;]. ''Westbridgford Wire''. 1 June 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191103195808/https://westbridgfordwire.com/jail-for-former-nottingham-social-worker-who-indecently-assaulted-a-child-in-1980s/ Archived] from the original on 3 November 2019.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Dean Gathercole ===
Na 4 Mee 2018, a mara onye ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze Dean Gathercole ikpe maka mpụ mmekọahụ siri ike &lt;ref name=&quot;04_May_2018_Nottingham_Post_2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sherdley|first=Rebecca|title=Ex-social worker Dean Gathercole found guilty of raping and indecently assaulting two vulnerable teenagers|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/ex-social-worker-gathercole-guilty-1534267|work=Nottingham Post|date=4 May 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; megide nwa agbọghọ dị afọ 15 na nwa agbọghọ dịafọ 16 &lt;ref name=&quot;05_Oct_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; na Amberdale ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ na mbụ ruo afọ 19, &lt;ref name=&quot;04_May_2018_Westbridgford_Wire&quot; /&gt; nke e belatara ruo afọ 17 na mkpegharị ikpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;18_Oct_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Amberdale &lt;ref name=&quot;30_Apr_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sherdley|first=Rebecca|title=Social worker accused of abusing and raping two girls took various jobs after leaving social care|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/nottingham-news/social-worker-accused-abusing-raping-1518027|work=Nottingham Post|date=30 April 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'etiti afọ 1983 na 1989 ma mee mpụ n'oge ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;05_Oct_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; Otu onye e gburu kọwara ya dị ka &quot;onye mmegbu nke kpaliri egwu n'ime ndị na-eto eto&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

A mara ya ikpe maka idina ụmụ agbọghọ abụọ nọ n'afọ iri na ụma n'ike na imetọ mmekọahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;05_Oct_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; O dinara otu nwa agbọghọ n'ike ugboro abụọ n'otu ụlọ dị nso nke kwadebere ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma maka ndụ okenye  ma dọọ ya aka ná ntị na ọ bụrụ na ọ kwuo maka ya, a gaghị ekwere ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;23_Apr_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; Ọ gwara ndị uwe ojii ọtụtụ iri afọ ka e mesịrị na 2014. &lt;ref name=&quot;05_Oct_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

O dinara nwa agbọghọ nke ọzọ n'ihe ndina nne ya n'ike &lt;ref name=&quot;04_May_2018_Nottingham_Post_2&quot; /&gt; n'afọ 1987. &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; Ọ kpọpụrụ nwa agbọghọ ahụ iji &quot;na-arụ ọrụ&quot; wee nye ya njem nleta n'ụlọ nne ya, ebe o mere mpụ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;04_May_2018_Nottingham_Post_2&quot; /&gt; O sochiri mwakpo a site na mkpọsa na-aga n'ihu nke iyi egwu na mwakpo mmekọahụ na Amberdale, &lt;ref name=&quot;04_May_2018_Nottingham_Post_2&quot; /&gt; gụnyere otu n'ime ụgbọala ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;04_May_2018_Westbridgford_Wire&quot; /&gt; N'ikpeazụ, ọ gbapụrụ n'ụlọ. Mgbe ọ nwara ịlaghachi, Gathercole gwara ya na Amberdale &quot;tọpụla&quot; ya, nke o kwuru na ya enweghị ike iwepụ. Ọ kọghị mpụ ahụ, na-atụ egwu na a gaghị ekwere ya, ruo n'afọ 2000.&lt;ref name=&quot;04_May_2018_Westbridgford_Wire&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1987 na ọzọ n'afọ 1988, e jidere Gathercole ma tọhapụ ya n'ebughị ebubo &lt;ref name=&quot;05_Oct_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; mgbe ụmụ agbọghọ abụọ nọ na Amberdale kọọrọ ya maka mpụ dị egwu. Amberdale zaghachiri site na ịkwaga ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ ebe ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 1989, ọ hapụrụ Amberdale wee Ọrụ onye isi otu na Repton Lodge &lt;ref name=&quot;05_Oct_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; - ụlọ ụmụaka na Worksop . &lt;ref name=&quot;30_Apr_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; Site na 1991, ọ duziri otu ìgwè n'ụlọ ụmụaka ọzọ dị na Carlton ma chụọ ya n'ọrụ na 1997 maka &quot;omume na-ekwesịghị ekwesị&quot;, ọrụ ego a na-enyo enyo na ịhapụ faịlụ ụmụaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;05_Oct_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe a mara onye Amberdale ikpe maka idina ya n'ike n'àkwà nne ya n'afọ 2000, &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; e jidere Gathercole &lt;ref name=&quot;05_Oct_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; ma tọhapụ ya n'ebughị ebubo. &lt;ref name=&quot;04_May_2018_Westbridgford_Wire&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2014, mgbe nwanyị nke ọzọ bịara, &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Aug_2019_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; a nyochara ya n'okpuru Operation Equinox ma boo ya ebubo na Mee 2017 maka mmebi iwu mmekọahụ asatọ gụnyere ebubo ndina n'ike abụọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;25_May_2017_BBC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nottinghamshire man charged over 1987 care home rape|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-40045871|work=BBC News|date=25 May 2017|language=en|accessdate=8 March 2020}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- {{Cite news|author=Parker|first=David|title=Man charged with eight historical child sex offences|url=https://www.newarkadvertiser.co.uk/news/man-charged-with-eight-historical-child-sex-offences-9040456/|work=Newark Advertiser|date=25 May 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe a mara Gathercole ikpe, onye nchọpụta nke Operation Equinox bụ Rob McKinnell kelere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ maka &quot;oké obi ike&quot; ha na &quot;igosi na enwere ike ime ya&quot;. O kwuru na egwu nke ịbụ onye a na-ekweghị ekwe &quot;bụ ihe anyị nụrụ mgbe ọ na-abịa n'okwu ndị na-abụghị nke ọhụrụ&quot; na n'oge a &quot;ihe dị iche, a na-ege ndị mmadụ ntị&quot;. Ọ gara n'ihu, sị: &quot;Enwere m olileanya na ikpe a ga-eziga ozi nye ndị lanarịrị mmetọ mmekọahụ ụmụaka na-adịbeghị anya na ndị uwe ojii Nottinghamshire na-ewere akụkọ ọ bụla n'ụzọ siri ike. Anyị na-agba mbọ inweta ikpe ziri ezi maka ndị mmadụ ka m wee gbaa onye ọ bụla nwere nke a ume ka ọ bịa n'ihu ma kọọrọ anyị ya&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;06_May_2018_Newark_Advertiser&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Former care home worker jailed for raping girls|url=https://www.newarkadvertiser.co.uk/news/former-care-home-worker-jailed-for-raping-girls-9043010/|work=Newark Advertiser|date=6 May 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

NSPCC kwuru, sị: &quot;Gathercole jiri ọnọdụ ntụkwasị obi ya mee ihe maka ịlụ di ma metọọ ụmụaka dị oke egwu chọrọ nduzi na nkwado&quot;, na-akpata &quot;ihe mgbu na nhụjuanya a na-apụghị ichetụ n'echiche&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;08_May_2018_BBC&quot; /&gt;

Ọkàikpe Jeremy Lea kwuru na Gathercole &quot;mere nke a ogologo oge&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;ihe siri ike iche n'echiche mmebi ntụkwasị obi ka ukwuu ma ọ bụ nke a na-eleda anya&quot;.

Nottinghamshire County Council rịọrọ mgbaghara maka ndị Gathercole metụtara, bụ ndị &quot;kwesịrị inye ọkwa kachasị elu nke nchekwa na nchebe&quot;. O kwuru na ikpe maka &quot;mpụ jọgburu onwe ya&quot; na &quot;ịghọ aghụghọ&quot; nke ntụkwasị obi mere ka o kwe omume site na &quot;ikpebi, obi ike na obi ike&quot;. Ọ rịọrọ &quot;onye ọ bụla a na-emegbu n'ụdị ọ bụla ka ọ bịa ma kọọrọ onwe ya ma ọ bụ Ndị uwe ojii Nottinghamshire&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;04_May_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sherdley|first=Rebecca|title=Dean Gathercole is jailed for 19 years for raping and abusing two teenage girls|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/dean-gathercole-jailed-19-years-1535129|work=Nottingham Post|date=4 May 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Myriam Bamkin ===
A tụrụ Myriam Bamkin mkpọrọ afọ abụọ na ọkara n'afọ 2018 maka mmekọrịta mmekọahụ ya na 1985 ya na nwa nwoke dị afọ iri na ise &quot;na-enwe nsogbu, nke na-adịghị ike&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_BBC&quot; /&gt; ma tinye ya na ndekọ ndị na-emebi iwu mmekọahụ. A machibidoro ya ịrụ ọrụ na ụmụaka  ma kwụsị ya dịka onye njikwa otu nkuzi. &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;17_Jun_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Whitfield|first=David|title=This woman abused a boy in her care - so why was she able to retire on a generous council pension?|url=https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/local-news/woman-abused-boy-care-able-1683756|work=Nottingham Post|date=17 June 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Oge nwata nwoke ahụ bụ &quot;ihe siri ike na ime ihe ike&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_Westbridgford_Wire&quot; /&gt; na-eme ka ọ &quot;na-enwe nsogbu&quot; na &quot;onye na-adịghị ike&quot; mgbe ọ rutere Amberdale. &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_BBC&quot; /&gt;

N'ebe ahụ, ọ &quot;na-achịkwa ya&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_BBC&quot; /&gt; ma jiri nlebara anya dị ukwuu na ihe ùgwù ndị ọzọ, dị ka ikwe ka o nwee sịga ma gaa n'ụlọ ahịa ugboro ugboro. Ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ oge n'akụkụ ya,  gụnyere n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra ya na-ekiri TV &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; na n'ụlọ mmega ahụ ebe ya na ya malitere inwe mmekọahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_Westbridgford_Wire&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Jail for former Nottingham social worker who indecently assaulted a child in 1980s|url=https://westbridgfordwire.com/jail-for-former-nottingham-social-worker-who-indecently-assaulted-a-child-in-1980s/|work=Westbridgford Wire|date=1 June 2018|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://westbridgfordwire.com/jail-for-former-nottingham-social-worker-who-indecently-assaulted-a-child-in-1980s/ &quot;Jail for former Nottingham social worker who indecently assaulted a child in 1980s&quot;]. ''Westbridgford Wire''. 1 June 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191103195808/https://westbridgfordwire.com/jail-for-former-nottingham-social-worker-who-indecently-assaulted-a-child-in-1980s/ Archived] from the original on 3 November 2019.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ kọọrọ ya ndị uwe ojii na 5 Eprel 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; A nyochara ya n'okpuru Operation Equinox ma boo ya ebubo na Machị 2017 maka mmebi iwu mmekọahụ anọ na Amberdale.&lt;ref name=&quot;29_Mar_2017_BBC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Woman faces 1980s Amberdale children's home sex charges|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-nottinghamshire-39435864|work=BBC News|date=29 March 2017|language=en}}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
- {{Cite news|author=Charity|first=Nick|title=Belper woman charged with historical sex offences in Nottinghamshire|url=https://www.belpernews.co.uk/news/crime/belper-woman-charged-with-historical-sex-offences-in-nottinghamshire-1-8466078|work=Belper News|date=30 March 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rịọrọ na ikpe amaghị ya na 25 Mee 2017  wee gbanwee arịrịọ ya ka ọ bụrụ ikpe mara ya maka mwakpo rụrụ arụ otu afọ ka e mesịrị na 29 Mee 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;26_May_2017_Belper_News&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Woman accused of historical child sexual offences pleads not guilty|url=https://www.belpernews.co.uk/news/woman-accused-of-historical-child-sexual-offences-pleads-not-guilty-1-8565349|work=Belper News|date=26 May 2017|language=en|accessdate=8 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_Westbridgford_Wire&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Jail for former Nottingham social worker who indecently assaulted a child in 1980s|url=https://westbridgfordwire.com/jail-for-former-nottingham-social-worker-who-indecently-assaulted-a-child-in-1980s/|work=Westbridgford Wire|date=1 June 2018|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://westbridgfordwire.com/jail-for-former-nottingham-social-worker-who-indecently-assaulted-a-child-in-1980s/ &quot;Jail for former Nottingham social worker who indecently assaulted a child in 1980s&quot;]. ''Westbridgford Wire''. 1 June 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191103195808/https://westbridgfordwire.com/jail-for-former-nottingham-social-worker-who-indecently-assaulted-a-child-in-1980s/ Archived] from the original on 3 November 2019.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Detective Constable Vincent Clark nabatara ikpe ahụ ma nwee olileanya na ọ &quot;ga-eme ka onye ahụ a na-emegbu mechie ihe mere n'afọ ndị ahụ niile gara aga. &quot;O kwuru na Bamkin &quot;megharịrị&quot; nwata nwoke ahụ inwe mmekọahụ mgbe ọ &quot;na-adabere kpamkpam na ndị okenye gbara ya gburugburu&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_Westbridgford_Wire&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Jail for former Nottingham social worker who indecently assaulted a child in 1980s|url=https://westbridgfordwire.com/jail-for-former-nottingham-social-worker-who-indecently-assaulted-a-child-in-1980s/|work=Westbridgford Wire|date=1 June 2018|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://westbridgfordwire.com/jail-for-former-nottingham-social-worker-who-indecently-assaulted-a-child-in-1980s/ &quot;Jail for former Nottingham social worker who indecently assaulted a child in 1980s&quot;]. ''Westbridgford Wire''. 1 June 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191103195808/https://westbridgfordwire.com/jail-for-former-nottingham-social-worker-who-indecently-assaulted-a-child-in-1980s/ Archived] from the original on 3 November 2019.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Steve Edwards, onye isi otu kansụl na-ahụ maka ọrụ ntorobịa na ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ, toro “nzọụkwụ obi ike” onye ahụ metụtara ịkpọtụrụ ndị uwe ojii. O kwuru na &quot;Bamkin raara ntụkwasị obi nke ụmụaka ọ na-elekọta na ndị ọrụ ibe ya&quot; ma mesie ndị ahụ metụtara obi ike, sị: &quot;A na-ewere ebubo niile nke mmetọ, akụkọ ihe mere eme ma ọ bụ ugbu a, nke dị oke egwu, anyị dịka otu kansụl na-arụsi ọrụ ike iji weta ndị mere ihe ọjọọ n'ikpe ziri ezi. M ga-agba onye ọ bụla chere na a kpagburu ya ka ọ kpọtụrụ ndị uwe ojii Nottinghamshire &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

==== Arụmụka maka ezumike nká ====
E nyere Bamkin ohere ịla ezumike nká na kansụl ahụ na ezumike nkwe zuru oke, nke mere ka ndị otu ahụ nwee nkụda mmụọ.

Kansụl Nottinghamshire County kwuru na nke a karịrị ike ya n'ihi na iwu gọọmentị mpaghara Pension Scheme (LGPS) na-enyere ndị ọrụ aka ịla ezumike nka na ụgwọ ezumike nka ozugbo ha dị n'agbata afọ 55 na 75, na &quot;enweghị ikike ịgbanwe&quot; ikike a. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ maka kansụl mgbe mmejọ 1985 gasịrị ma bụrụ onye njikwa otu na-akwalite mpụ mgbe emechara kọọrọ ndị uwe ojii mkpesa mpụ na 2016, butere nkwusioru ya. Mgbe ahụ, ọ lara ezumike nká tupu a mara ya ikpe, na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume itinye akwụkwọ maka nkwụsị ụgwọ ezumike nká n'aka Secretary nke State, kansụl ahụ kwenyere.[1] Ọ kpọtụụrụ &quot;Gọọmenti na ndị otu LGPS teknụzụ iji kwado nkọwa anyị na ịtụ aro ka ha nyochaa ụkpụrụ dị ugbu a.&lt;ref name=&quot;01_Jun_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

Ministri nke Housing, Communities na Local Government kwuru, sị: &quot;Mkpebi mwepu dị ụkọ, a na-elelekwa ikpe ọ bụla n'ihi uru nke aka ya.&quot; O kwuru na a na-enyochakarị ụkpụrụ.

Nottinghamshire Child Sexual Abuse Survivors Group jụrụ ma a chọrọ ndụmọdụ iwu n'oge nkwụsị Bamkin, n'ihi na &quot;ọ bụrụ na e mesoro ya n'oge ahụ [...] onye na-akwụ ụtụ isi agaghị akwụ ụgwọ ezumike nká ya&quot;. O kwuru na &quot;n'ụzọ dị iche&quot; na ndị ahụ merụrụ ahụ, Bamkin ga-enwe &quot;nnọọ ezumike nká dị mma&quot;. Ndị East Midlands Survivors otu kwuru na ndị ikpe mara maka &quot;mpụ ọjọọ [...] ekwesịghị inweta ego site na steeti maka ndụ ha fọdụrụnụ. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;17_Jun_2018_Nottingham_Post&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ebe obibi ụmụaka Beechwood

== Ihe odide ==

[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3108" sha1="krj4lwtw3m4722vhi2dihqcdodrdrky" xml:space="preserve">===[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]]===
'''[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Iwuala Lucy|action=edit}} Voice your opinion]'''
'''(0/0/0); Scheduled to end 04:12, [[8 Febụwarị]] [[2025]] (UTC)'''

{{User|Iwuala Lucy}} - I am a native speaker of Igbo language. I been an active member of the Igbo Wikimedians User Group ever since I joined the community and has played various administrative role within the Igbo Wikimedians User Group and on behalf of the community outside. I possess some level of technical know-how in HTML which would be very vital in my role as Igbo Wikipedia Admin. [[Ojiarụ:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Iwuala Lucy|ṅkátá]]) 04:12, 1 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
====Questions for candidate====
Dear candidate, thank you for offering to serve Wikipedia as an administrator. You may wish to answer the following &lt;u&gt;optional&lt;/u&gt; questions to provide guidance for participants:
:'''1.''' What admin work do you intend to take part in?
::'''A:''' To regulate the inflow and outflow of information on the Igbo Wikipedia. To support in resolving any technical challenges that users of this project might experience in their cause of consumption or contribution to the Igbo Wikipedia. And to help incorporate standardised Igbo words/terms (which are called IGBO IZUGBE) on the Igbo Wikipedia interface.

:'''2.''' What are your best contributions to Wikipedia, and why?
::'''A:''' As a freelance Igbo language translator, one of my best contributions is using my skills to contribute to the Wikipedia project at no cost - Translating articles on the Igbo Wikipedia.

:'''3.''' Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or have other users caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
::'''A:''' Yes, I once vandalised the Igbo WikiQuote interface - during my early days as a Newbie Wikimedian. Thanks to individuals and experienced Wikimedians in my community, I was immediately called to order with an immediate one-on-one tutorial and training on the best practices of contributing and editing across the Wikimedia projects. As an Igbo Wikipedia Admin, I want to be able to resolve this kind of situation (which usually occurs among newbies and might even get them blocked and demotivated) which I believe would be beneficial to newbies and also to the Igbo Wikipedia.

=====Questions from [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|Wikipedian12512]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|ṅkátá]]) 13:47, 5 Julaị 2026 (UTC)=====
1. You say that you vandalized the Igbo WikiQuote interface. How long ago was that? In your opinion, what would be the ideal length of time to wait after an instance of deliberate vandalism?
2. In your opinion, should the ig.wiki have many low quality articles or a few high quality ones? Why?
3. How many instances of vandalism is enough to merit a block?
4. In what circumstances would you delete a page?

====Comments and Discussions====
* Links for Iwuala Lucy: {{usercheck-short|Iwuala Lucy}}
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      <text bytes="3111" sha1="i27t8n6ah2snu46zcp4izb7a8bos0a6" xml:space="preserve">===[[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]]===
'''[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Iwuala Lucy|action=edit}} Voice your opinion]'''
'''(0/0/0); Scheduled to end 04:12, [[8 Febụwarị]] [[2025]] (UTC)'''

{{User|Iwuala Lucy}} - I am a native speaker of Igbo language. I been an active member of the Igbo Wikimedians User Group ever since I joined the community and has played various administrative role within the Igbo Wikimedians User Group and on behalf of the community outside. I possess some level of technical know-how in HTML which would be very vital in my role as Igbo Wikipedia Admin. [[Ojiarụ:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]] ([[Ṅkàtá ojiarụ:Iwuala Lucy|ṅkátá]]) 04:12, 1 Febụwarị 2025 (UTC)
====Questions for candidate====
Dear candidate, thank you for offering to serve Wikipedia as an administrator. You may wish to answer the following &lt;u&gt;optional&lt;/u&gt; questions to provide guidance for participants:
:'''1.''' What admin work do you intend to take part in?
::'''A:''' To regulate the inflow and outflow of information on the Igbo Wikipedia. To support in resolving any technical challenges that users of this project might experience in their cause of consumption or contribution to the Igbo Wikipedia. And to help incorporate standardised Igbo words/terms (which are called IGBO IZUGBE) on the Igbo Wikipedia interface.

:'''2.''' What are your best contributions to Wikipedia, and why?
::'''A:''' As a freelance Igbo language translator, one of my best contributions is using my skills to contribute to the Wikipedia project at no cost - Translating articles on the Igbo Wikipedia.

:'''3.''' Have you been in any conflicts over editing in the past or have other users caused you stress? How have you dealt with it and how will you deal with it in the future?
::'''A:''' Yes, I once vandalised the Igbo WikiQuote interface - during my early days as a Newbie Wikimedian. Thanks to individuals and experienced Wikimedians in my community, I was immediately called to order with an immediate one-on-one tutorial and training on the best practices of contributing and editing across the Wikimedia projects. As an Igbo Wikipedia Admin, I want to be able to resolve this kind of situation (which usually occurs among newbies and might even get them blocked and demotivated) which I believe would be beneficial to newbies and also to the Igbo Wikipedia.

=====Questions from [[Ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|Wikipedian12512]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:Wikipedian12512|ṅkátá]]) 13:47, 5 Julaị 2026 (UTC)=====
1. You say that you vandalized the Igbo WikiQuote interface. How long ago was that? In your opinion, what would be the ideal length of time to wait after an instance of deliberate vandalism?

2. In your opinion, should the ig.wiki have many low quality articles or a few high quality ones? Why?

3. How many instances of vandalism is enough to merit a block?

4. In what circumstances would you delete a page?

====Comments and Discussions====
* Links for Iwuala Lucy: {{usercheck-short|Iwuala Lucy}}
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      <text bytes="3527" sha1="lf5kb0ls3r333eage4r5h80vohcuuf3" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:JerryHunter2025.jpg|thumb|237x237px|Jerry Hunter ]]
'''T. Gerald Hunter FLSW''', nke a maara nke ọma dị ka '''Jerry Hunter''', bụ onye America gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Cincinnati (BA), Aberystwyth (MPhil) na Mahadum Harvard (PhD). O sitere na Cincinnati, ọ bi na Wales ugbu a ma nwee ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ na Cardiff na nso nso a na Mahadum Bangor, ebe ọ bụ ugbu a (2015) prọfesọ na School of Welsh na osote onye isi oche nke mahadum ahụ &lt;ref name=&quot;BangorUni&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bangor.ac.uk/ysgolygymraeg/staff/jerry.php.en|title=Dr Jerry Hunter BA MPhil PhD|publisher=Bangor University|accessdate=2010-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye guzobere otu nrụgide Cymuned &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newswales.co.uk/index.cfm?F=1&amp;section=Politics&amp;id=4199|title=Welsh pressure group calls for controls on immigration|publisher=NewsWales|date=14 June 2001}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma bụrụkwa onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Academi ''Taliesin''.

Akwụkwọ edemede mbụ ya, ''Soffestri'r Saeson'' (University of Wales Press, 2000), ọmụmụ banyere ojiji nke amụma dị ka mgbasa ozi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge Tudor, edepụtara maka onyinye Wales Book of the Year na 2001. Llwch Cen tourn, (Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, 2003), nke na-ede akụkọ ihe mere eme nke [[Agha Obodo America]] dabere na ihe akaebe asụsụ Welsh (karịsịa akwụkwọ ozi na ihe ndị ọzọ e dere ma bipụta na Welsh n'akụkụ abụọ nke Atlantic), meriri onyinye Wales Book of the Year na 2004. O biputara akwukwo banyere onye ama ama na-emegide ịgba ohu nke America, Robert Everett: ''I Ddeffro Ysbryd na Wlad'' (Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, 2007), ọzọ na-adabere na ihe akaebe nke asụsụ Welsh nke ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ejighị.&lt;ref name=&quot;BangorUni&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bangor.ac.uk/ysgolygymraeg/staff/jerry.php.en|title=Dr Jerry Hunter BA MPhil PhD|publisher=Bangor University|accessdate=2010-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmasị ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke asụsụ Welsh nke obodo ya bụ United States emeela ka e bipụta mpịakọta asụsụ Bekee Welsh Writing from the American Civil War: Sons of Arthur, Children of Lincoln (University of Wales Press, 2007).

Ọ bụkwa onye edemede akụkọ ifo, ebe o bipụtara akwụkwọ ụmụaka, Ceffylau'r Cymylau (Gwasg Gomer, 2010), na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ okeny anọ. 
 Nke mbụ ya, Gwenddydd (Gwasg Gwynedd, 2010), bụ onye na-atụgharị n'uwe ọgbara ọhụrụ nke akụkọ mgbe ochie nke Myrddin (Merlin) na nwanne ya nwanyị Gwenddydd, dị ka akọwara na narị afọ nke iri na atọ &quot;Cyfoesi Myrddin a Gwenddydd ei Chwaer&quot; wee merie ya na Nationalist Mededfo.


Hunter bụ onye otu Gorsedd Cymru, nke nwere aha bardic 'Geralt Glan Ohio'.

Na 2013, a họpụtara Hunter ka ọ bụrụ onye otu nke Learned Society of Wales. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wales|first=The Learned Society of|title=Jerry Hunter|url=https://www.learnedsociety.wales/fellow/jerry-hunter/|accessdate=2023-08-30|work=The Learned Society of Wales|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==

# &quot;Dr Jerry Hunter BAA Mphil PhD&quot;. Bangor University. Eweputara 21 Febuwari 2010.
# &quot;Ndi òtù Welsh n'akpo maka ịchịkwa mbata na ọpụpụ&quot;. NewsWales. 14 Juunu 2001.
# &quot;Daily Post 5 Ogost 2010&quot;. Eweputara site na now izizi na 29 Julai 2012. Eweputara 5 Ogost 2010.
# Wales, The Learned Society nke &quot;Jerry Hunter&quot;. The Learned Society nke Wales. Eweputara 30 Ogost 2023.
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[[Faịlụ:Milena_Dragicevic_Sesic_in_Minsk_5.02.2015.JPG|thumb|Milena Dragićević Šešić na-ekwu okwu na Minsk, Belarus.]]
Milena Dragićević Šešić (amụrụ 3, Febụwarị 1954) bụ agụmakwụkwọ Serbia na onye guzobere oche UNESCO na Interculturalism, Art Management, na Mediation.[1]  Sešić bụ alumni na onye bụbu onye isi oche nke Mahadum Arts na Belgrade, na-etinye aka na mmepe na mmezu nke ọrụ iri ise na amụma ọdịbendị na mba ụwa, gụnyere mba ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe dị ka Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, na Bulgaria.  Ọ bụ prọfesọ emeritus nke Mahadum Arts na Belgrade.  Šešić bụkwa onye ọkachamara na amụma omenala na njikwa wee gbaa ajụjụ maka UNESCO, Council of Europe, European Cultural Foundation, na British Council..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Београду|first=Рачунски центар, Електротехнички факултет, Универзитет у|title=др Милена Драгићевић Шешић {{!}} ФДУ|url=https://fdu.bg.ac.rs/sr/fakultet/nastavno-osoblje/milena-dragicevic-sesic-24|accessdate=2024-05-24|work=fdu.bg.ac.rs|language=sr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Šešić na Serbia, mgbe ahụ Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Faculty of Dramatic Arts, University of Arts na Belgrade, wee gụchaa na 1975. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis, na-agụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Joffre Dumazedier, [1] ebe ọ gụrụ ihe nkiri mmadụ (1977).  Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Arts, Belgrade na 1981 wee gụchaa nzere masta na-elekwasị anya na omenala French.  Šešić gụchara akara mmụta doctoral ya na Mahadum Belgrade's Faculty of Philology wee bụrụ Dọkịta nke Science Literary na Nkwukọrịta Nkwukọrịta na 1990.. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1990, Šešić ghọrọ Rector nke Mahadum Arts na Belgrade site na 2000-2004.  Na 2004, o hiwere UNESCO oche maka Interculturalism, Art Management, and Mediation, wee jide ọnọdụ ahụ ruo 2019.[1]  Kemgbe 2012, ọ bụ onye otu National Commission of the Republic of Serbia for UNESCO.[1]  Šešić bụ onye isi oche nke Ngalaba Ihe nkiri, Redio na Mgbasa Ozi na Mahadum Arts, Belgrade, ma bụrụkwa prọfesọ emeritus..

Šešić abụrụla onye nkuzi ọbịa na mahadum gburugburu ụwa, gụnyere City, Mahadum London, [1] Mahadum Warwick, [2] Onassis Foundation Interfaces Conference.  N'okwu ya, ọ na-achọ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti omenala na njirimara.  Nke a bụkwa ihe a na-elekwasị anya n'akwụkwọ ahụ na ọ bụ banyere ndị ọrụ ma kọwaa njikọ dị n'etiti echiche ndị dị ka omenala, nkwado, na nkà na ụzụ.[3].  Na 2017, ọ bịanyere [[Nkwuputa N'asụsụ Dị N'Otu|aka na nkwupụta nke akaụntụ Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia na Montenegro]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku|url=https://jezicinacionalizmi.com/lista-potpisnika/|accessdate=2024-10-20|work=Jezici i nacionalizmi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ, a na-eto Šešić dị ka onye dere, dezie, ma ọ bụ soro dee ihe karịrị akwụkwọ iri abụọ e bipụtara na ihe karịrị narị edemede abụọ gbasara iwu ọdịbendị, akụkọ nka, na nhazi ọdịbendị sụgharịrị n'asụsụ iri na asaa dị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-10-02|title=Milena Dragićević Šešić|url=https://museumofnonvisibleart.com/interviews/milena-dragicevic-sesic/|accessdate=2024-06-04|work=Interviews from Yale University Radio WYBCX|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye ==

* Na Disemba 2023, Šešić natara nzere doctorate nke Emmanuel Négrier nyere ya site na Mahadum Montpellier maka onyinye ya n'ịmepụta ọmụmụ iwu ọdịbendị na mba ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Milena Dragicevic Sesic : un combat pacifique pour la culture - Université de Montpellier|url=https://www.umontpellier.fr/en/hall-of-fame/milena-dragicevic-sesic-un-combat-pacifique-pour-la-culture|accessdate=2024-06-04|work=www.umontpellier.fr|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Šešić ghọrọ onye mbụ European Network on Cultural Management and Policy (ENCATC) laureate maka &quot;ihe ịga nke ọma ya na njikwa ọdịbendị na iwu.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
== Akwụkwọ ndị a ma ama ==

* Ọdịbendị na Nkwado na Obodo Europe: Imagining Europolis &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9780367668884&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Nchịkwa nka na Turbulent Times: Adaptable Quality Management &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9958430983&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* ''Ọdịbendị na, maka na dị ka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide'' &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-951-39-6177-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dragićević Šešić, Milena}}
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      <text bytes="4616" sha1="hfackmvz9t1o83by7hsnw9z53iugqhv" xml:space="preserve">Elleni Centime Zeleke ( nwụrụ na Julaị 6, 2024) bụ onye nyocha onye Etiopia [1] ọkachamara na mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Etiopia n'ime iri afọ tupu na mgbe mgbanwe Etiopia 1974 gasịrị.[2][3] Elleni bipụtara ọmụmụ banyere mmegharị ụmụ akwụkwọ Etiopia, mmetụta ya na mgbanwe Etiopia na mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị emesịa, yana nsonaazụ ọjọọ nke siri ike na-ekwu na &quot;sayensị&quot; ziri ezi nke sayensị mmekọrịta ọha na eze na mpaghara ọgụgụ isi Etiopia na ụlọ ọrụ.[2][3][4]. Elleni bụ osote prọfesọ na Mahadum Columbia na New York, United States[1] site na 2018 ruo n'ọnwụ ya na 2024  

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
A mụrụ Elleni Centime Zeleke na Etiopia. Ọ nọrọ akụkụ nke nwata ya na Toronto, [[Guyana]] na [[Barbados]].

Elleni gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum York dị na Toronto, Canada,  ebe ọ nwetara PhD ya na echiche mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 2016. 

Ọ nwụrụ na Julaị 6, 2024, mgbe ọ lụchara ọgụ megide ọrịa kansa ara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://addisstandard.com/elleni-centime-zeleke-brilliant-and-brave-fierce-and-funny-columbia-university/|title=Tribute: Elleni Centime Zeleke - 'brilliant and brave, fierce and funny': Columbia University|work=Addis Standard|date=July 12, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha na nkuzi mahadum ==
Elleni bụ osote prọfesọ nke Middle East, South Asia na African Studies na Mahadum Columbia na New York,   site na 2018 ruo 2024. 

== Akwụkwọ: Ethiopia na Theory''Ethiopia n'echiche'' ==
N'afọ 2019, Elleni bipụtara Ethiopia na Theory: Revolution and Knowledge Production, 1964-2016,  akwụkwọ na-egosi echiche ya banyere ọkara narị afọ nke mmepe ọgụgụ isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Etiopia. 

Akwụkwọ ahụ na-akọwa akwụkwọ ndị otu ụmụ akwụkwọ Etiopia na-ekpuchi echiche mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na eze tupu 1974 Ethiopian Revolution, na mmetụta ụmụ akwụkwọ na-enyere aka imebi Emperor Haile Selassie, na-eduga na mgbanwe ahụ. Akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwukwa na òtù ụmụ akwụkwọ bụ isi ihe na-agba ume iguzogide Mengistu Hailemariam nke Derg.  Ethiopia in Theory na-aga n'ihu site n'ịtụle mmetụta ogologo oge nke arụmụka ọgụgụ isi na mgbanwe ahụ n'ime iri afọ ndị sochirinụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;CambCore_Liberation_in_theory&quot;&gt; Donald L. Donham kọwara akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka ọmụmụ nkà ihe ọmụma, akụkọ ihe mere eme na nke anthropological banyere mmetụta nke ihe ọ na-ahụ dị ka mmetụta atọ dị mkpa nke mgbanwe ọchịchị nke afọ 1974: &quot;usoro mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-aga n'ihu&quot;, &quot;ogbugbu dị egwu&quot; na ọpụpụ nke ndị Etiopia n'ime ndị Etiopia. Elleni tụlere otú e si tinye Marxism na echiche ndị ọzọ nke sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'ime echiche ndị Etiopia na nke Afrịka.&lt;ref name=&quot;MESAAS_Brill_presents_Ethiopia&quot;&gt; Ọ na-amụ ọrụ nke diaspora na mgbanwe ahụ ma, n'echiche Donham, &quot;na-achọ [akwụkwọ ya] ime ka echiche mgbanwe dị ike&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;EthiopiaInTheory_preface_Donham&quot;&gt;

Elleni chepụtara ihe ọ kpọrọ ''Tizita'', nke pụtara &quot;ncheta&quot; na [[Amharic language|Amharic]], iji kọwaa ụzọ o si eme ihe n'akwụkwọ ahụ iji nyochaa sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Michael Kebede kọwara Tizita dị ka &quot;onye na-edozi&quot; positivism na akwụkwọ ahụ n'ozuzu ya dị ka &quot;ntụgharị uche miri emi, nke na-agafe agafe na ọdịdị na reverberations nke mgbanwe&quot;.

Ethiopia in Theory na-akatọ mmepe na ojiji nke sayensị mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke Ethiopia. A na-ahụ nkwenye ụmụ akwụkwọ na &quot;eziokwu sayensị&quot; nke usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha n'akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka ihe na-akpali mgbanwe, yana ihe na-agba ume ime ihe ike megide ndị a na-ele anya dị ka ndị iro.

Harry Verhoeven na-akọwa akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka echiche ndị siri ike nke &quot;ịmepụta ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya bara uru banyere ihe ọmụma, ikike na ntọhapụ n'ezie ... na ọnọdụ Africa&quot;. Ọ na-ekwu na Elleni hụrụ ihe ọmụma Etiopia dị ka nke a na-emeghị nke ọma na &quot;omume agụmakwụkwọ, amụma gọọmentị, mmemme ọha na eze na mkpa ọha mmadụ nke obodo&quot;. Ọ na-arụ ụka na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwesịrị ka a ghọta nke ọma dị ka oghere nke na-emepe mkparịta ụka dị egwu na nke nkà ihe ọmụma banyere eziokwu mmekọrịta ọha na eze.&quot;.

== Edemsibia ==</text>
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    <title>Mary Chinery-Hesse</title>
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      <text bytes="13666" sha1="apt19s8dwtrtrmjts92w89hpms24uz2" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Chancellors office new.png|thumb|Mary Chinery-Hesse]]
 

Mary Akuokor Chinery-Hesse, FAAS, OSG, née Blay (amụrụ 29 Ọktoba 1938) [1] bụ onye ọrụ obodo na onye nnọchi anya mba ụwa, na-eje ozi dị ka nwanyị mbụ Chancellor nke Mahadum Ghana, ewepụtara na 1 Ọgọst 2018.[2] Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ osote onye isi oche nke International Labour Organisation[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Ọ bụkwa nwanyị mbụ nwetara ọkwa nke Under-Secretary-General nke United Nations na akụkọ ntolite nke nzukọ mba ụwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Mary Chinery-Hesse|url=http://idpc.net/profile/mary-chinery-hesse|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129024801/http://idpc.net/profile/mary-chinery-hesse|archivedate=29 January 2016|accessdate=22 January 2016|work=idpc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=COMMISSIONERS' BIOGRAPHIES {{!}} West African Drugs Commission|url=http://www.wacommissionondrugs.org/profiles-of-commissioners/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127093216/http://www.wacommissionondrugs.org/profiles-of-commissioners/|archivedate=27 January 2016|accessdate=22 January 2016|work=wacommissionondrugs.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=First female Chancellor for University of Ghana to be sworn-in Wednesday|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/august-1st/first-female-chancellor-for-university-of-ghana-to-be-sworn-in-wednesday.php|work=Myjoyonline|accessdate=1 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801083020/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/August-1st/first-female-chancellor-for-university-of-ghana-to-be-sworn-in-wednesday.php|archivedate=1 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-11-02|title=Biography: The man Herman Chinery-Hesse {{!}} 3News|url=https://3news.com/news/biography-the-man-herman-chinery-hesse/#google_vignette|accessdate=2024-11-02|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Herman Chinery-Hesse (1963 -2024)|url=https://3news.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/herman.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Mary Blay nye Robert Samuel Blay, onye ọka iwu, ọkàiwu na onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Ghana n'oge Republic Mbụ. Nne ya bụ Marjorie Lady Mold nke Jamestown, Accra. Nna nna nne ya bụ John van der Puije, onye ahịa Gold Coast, onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye ọchịchị ọdịnala na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[1] Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Wesley Girls' Senior High School na Cape Coast.[2] O jikwa BA (Hons) na Sociology na Economics na Dọkịta Iwu (Honoris causa) na Mahadum Ghana, wee mee ọzụzụ postgraduate na Development Economics na Trinity College Dublin.[3][4] Na World Bank Institute na Washington D.C., e denyere ya dị ka onye otu nke Institute..

== Ọrụ ==
Na mbido ọrụ ya, Mary Chinery-Hesse bụ onye isi odeakwụkwọ na Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning na odeakwụkwọ nke National Economic Planning Council . &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biography of Ms. Mary Chinery-Hesse|url=https://www.un.org/News/dh/hlpanel/hesse-bio.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502000240/http://www.un.org/News/dh/hlpanel/hesse-bio.htm|archivedate=2 May 2015|accessdate=21 May 2019|work=www.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ sonyeere [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN]] n'afọ 1981, ebe ọ họpụtara nwanyị Africa mbụ bụ onye nhazi nke United Nations System na onye nnọchi anya UNDP n'ọtụtụ mba, gụnyere [[Sierra Leone]], [[Tanzania]], [[Seychelles]], na Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ onye isi Kọmitii Ntụziaka na Ajụjụ Ọrụ (CCPOQ) nke United Nations site na 1993 ruo 1998, Commonwealth Expert Group of Eminent Persons on Structural Adjustment and Women, ma nye aka na akụkọ e bipụtara, Engendering Adjustment . &lt;ref name=&quot;:79&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biography of Ms. Mary Chinery-Hesse|url=https://www.un.org/News/dh/hlpanel/hesse-bio.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502000240/http://www.un.org/News/dh/hlpanel/hesse-bio.htm|archivedate=2 May 2015|accessdate=21 May 2019|work=United Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọ na Council of African Advisers nke World Bank n'etiti afọ 1992 na 1998. &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biography of Ms. Mary Chinery-Hesse|url=https://www.un.org/News/dh/hlpanel/hesse-bio.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502000240/http://www.un.org/News/dh/hlpanel/hesse-bio.htm|archivedate=2 May 2015|accessdate=21 May 2019|work=www.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ ndị 1990, ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Ukwu nke Ndị A Ma Ama na Nnyocha nke Ọganihu na Mmejuputa nke Ihe Omume maka Mba Ndị Na-emepebeghị Ukwu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ onye otu ndị ndụmọdụ nke ndị ama ama nke African Union ma jee ozi na Zedillo Commission, nke a maara nke ọma dị ka ndị ama ama ama ama na Financing for Development.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1989, a họpụtara ya dị ka nwanyị mbụ osote onye isi nchịkwa nke International Labour Organization na Geneva, [[Switzerland]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mrs Mary Chinery-Hesse {{!}} The Global African Investment Summit|url=http://www.tgais.com/speaker/mrs-mary-chinery-hesse/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202080202/http://www.tgais.com/speaker/mrs-mary-chinery-hesse/|archivedate=2 February 2016|accessdate=22 January 2016|work=tgais.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biography of Ms. Mary Chinery-Hesse|url=https://www.un.org/News/dh/hlpanel/hesse-bio.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502000240/http://www.un.org/News/dh/hlpanel/hesse-bio.htm|archivedate=2 May 2015|accessdate=21 May 2019|work=United Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ John Kufour, onye bụbu onye isi ala Ghana. Ọ bụ osote onyeisi oche nke National Development Planning Commission . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ bọọdụ, gụnyere ndị nọ na Centre for Policy Analysis na Voluntary Fund for Technical Cooperation nke UN High Commissioner for Human Rights . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụkwa Kọmishọna na Public Utilities Regulatory Commission na Commission on HIV / AIDS and Governance in Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Chancellor nke Mahadum Ghana na-anọchi Kofi Annan, onye bụbu Odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke UN.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr. Mary Chinery-Hesse of Ghana|url=http://ghanadot.com/personalities.drchinneryhesse.112510.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151229181230/http://ghanadot.com/personalities.drchinneryhesse.112510.html|archivedate=29 December 2015|accessdate=22 January 2016|work=GhanaDot.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere ọrụ a na 1 Ọgọstụ 2018 wee rụọ ọrụ maka afọ ise mbụ. A họpụtara ya ọzọ na Julaị 2023 ma na-eje ozi ugbu a n'ọkwa nke abụọ nke malitere na 1 Ọgọst 2023 ma ga-agwụ na 31 Julaị 2028. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-07-13|title=Mary Chinery-Hesse re-appointed University of Ghana Chancellor|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2023/07/mary-chinery-hesse-re-appointed-university-of-ghana-chancellor/|accessdate=2023-09-28|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka Onye isi oche nke Goodwill Ambassadors nke Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-12-21|title=President Nana Akufo-Addo inaugurates Goodwill Ambassadors for KAIPTC|url=https://www.kaiptc.org/president-nana-akufo-addo-inaugurates-goodwill-ambassadors-for-kaiptc/|accessdate=2023-09-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma bụrụkwa Onye isi oche of the Board of the Centre for Regional Integration in Africa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Board of Trustees {{!}} Centre for Regional Integration in Africa|url=https://www.cria-africa.org/board-of-trustees|accessdate=2023-09-28|work=cria-africa.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kọmitii Chinery-Hesse ==

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ọ lụrụ Lebrecht James Chinery-Hesse (1930-2018), onye ọka iwu Ghana na onye bụbu onye ọka iwu steeti nke rụrụ ọrụ mba ụwa na [[Sierra Leone]], [[Zambia]], na [[Uganda]] ma gọọmentị Ghana nyere ya Grand Medal. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=13 October 2018|title=A &quot;Very Nice Man&quot; Goes Home|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/a-very-nice-man-goes-home/|accessdate=25 May 2019|work=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Nwa ha nwoke, [[Herman Chinery-Hesse]], bụ onye ọchụnta ego ngwanrọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Herman Chinery-Hesse, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Herman-Chinery-Hesse-3439|accessdate=2023-08-29|work=Ghanaweb.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* Chinnery-Hesse, Mary et al. (1989), &quot;Nhazi mgbanwe maka afọ 1990: akụkọ nke otu ndị ọkachamara Commonwealth na ụmụ nwanyị na mgbanwe nhazi&quot; [[London]]: Commonwealth Secretariat &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/engenderingadjus0000unse|title=Engendering adjustment for the 1990s : report of a Commonwealth expert group on women and structural adjustment|author=Chinnery-Hesse|first=Mary|date=1989|publisher=London : Commonwealth Secretariat|isbn=9780850923407|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Nketa ==
Site na 2010 ruo 2013, ọ bụ onye otu Panel of the Wise, otu ndụmọdụ nke African Union for West Africa na onye isi oche nke Zenith Bank, [[Ghana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Peace FM|title=Chinery-Hesse To Chair Board Of Trustees For Komla Dumor Foundation|url=http://news.peacefmonline.com/pages/social/201410/220156.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191355/http://news.peacefmonline.com/pages/social/201410/220156.php|archivedate=4 March 2016|accessdate=22 January 2016|work=Peace Fm Online News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Welcome! to Zenith Bank Ghana|url=http://www.zenithbank.com.gh/board.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122013509/http://zenithbank.com.gh/board.aspx|archivedate=22 January 2013|accessdate=22 January 2016|work=zenithbank Ghana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O meela ọtụtụ ihe mbụ. Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ nwanyị mbụ nke Ghana Chancellor nke mahadum kachasị elu nke mba ahụ, Oriakụ Chinery-Hesse &quot;bụ nwanyị Afrịka mbụ ruru ọkwa nke Under-Secretary-General nke United Nations na nwanyị Afrịka nke mbụ a họpụtara dị ka Resident Coordinator nke UN System. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Larnyoh|first=Magdalene|date=2023-07-14|title=Mary Chinery-Hesse reappointed as University of Ghana Chancellor|url=https://yen.com.gh/education/237498-mary-chinery-hesse-appointed-university-ghana-chancellor/|accessdate=2023-08-29|work=Yen - Ghana news.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye na mmata ==
Chinery-Hesse nwetara ihe nrite mba kachasị elu na Ghana Order of the Star of Ghana n'okpuru ọchịchị John Kufour. Enyekwara ya ihe nrite Udo Gusi maka Diplomacy International na Humanitarianism na Manila, Philippines, na 24 Nọvemba 2010.[1][2] Na 1991, Mahadum Ghana nyere Oriakụ Chinery-Hesse nzere Dọkịta nke iwu, mee ka ọ bụrụ nwanyị mbụ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ghana iji nweta nkwanye ugwu a.[3] N’ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2021, Mahadum London nyere ya nzere Honorary Doctorate maka ntinye aka ya na ọrụ ọha..  &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mary CHINERY-HESSE - Personal Appointments (free information from Companies House)|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/officers/ddmTOItxrhIWZWDjxAlSJQok3Kw/appointments|accessdate=20 June 2020|work=Beta companies house Government Of Ghana|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ministry of Women and Children's Affairs - MOWAC|url=http://femaleachievers.org/dir_profile_details.cfm?dowdirID=568&amp;prof_categoryid=61|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128231202/http://femaleachievers.org/dir_profile_details.cfm?dowdirID=568&amp;prof_categoryid=61|archivedate=28 January 2016|accessdate=22 January 2016|work=femaleachievers.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chinery-Hesse malitere Council on Foreign Relations-Ghana (CFR-Ghana) Memoirs Project Fund. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=emmakd|date=2023-07-17|title=Chinery-Hesse launches CFR-Ghana Memoirs Project Fund|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2023/07/17/chinery-hesse-launches-cfr-ghana-memoirs-project-fund/|accessdate=2023-09-28|work=Ghana Business News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okike nke ego ahụ mezuru otu n'ime ebumnuche ndị isi nke Kansụl ahụ, nke bụ ịkwado ma gbaa ndị nnọchi anya mba ọzọ lara ezumike nká ume ide akwụkwọ. Akwụkwọ &quot;Contemporary Issues in Foreign Policy Diplomacy and International Affairs&quot;, nke CFR-Ghana bipụtara, ka ewepụtara na Accra n'otu oge ahụ dị ka CFR-Bhana Memoirs Project Fund. Ọ bụ nchịkọta nke edemede sitere na usoro symposia na webinars n'ịntanetị nke CFR-Ghana kwadoro.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Mahadum nke Ghana họpụtara Oriakụ Mary Chinery-Hesse ọzọ dị ka Chancellor. Onye isi nwanyị mbụ nke Mahadum Ghana, Oriakụ Chinnery-Hesse, ka a na-eto ya maka iweghachi mmekọrịta ya na Mahadum London, onye bụbu onye na-enye mahadum ahụ nzere. Nhọpụta nke Oriakụ Chinery-Hesse dị irè site na 1 Ọgọst 2023, ruo 31 Julaị 2028. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Quist|first=Ebenezer Agbey|date=2021-11-01|title=Meet the top 3 principal officers at the University of Ghana who are all women|url=https://yen.com.gh/people/196832-meet-university-ghanas-female-history-makers-1st-vc-chancellor-chair/|accessdate=2023-09-14|work=Yen- Ghana news.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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Purity Ngina bụ onye mmụta Kenya na onye isi oche nke National Gender and Equality Commission. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ mbụ na Zizi Afrique Foundation wee bụrụ onye nkuzi na Mahadum Strathmore dị na Nairobi site na 2016 ruo 2020. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 28, ọ ghọrọ onye Kenya kacha nta PhD gụsịrị akwụkwọ na biomathematics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-01-21|title=Meet 29-year-old Purity Ngina, Kenya's youngest Ph.D. holder in biomathematics|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/meet-29-year-old-purity-ngina-kenyas-youngest-ph-d-holder-in-biomathematics|accessdate=2020-06-18|work=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-07-10|title=PhD at 28: Second chance that changed Dr Purity Ngina's life|url=https://businesstoday.co.ke/phd-28-second-chance-changed-dr-purity-nginas-life/|accessdate=2020-06-18|work=Business Today Kenya|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Purity Ngina na Nyeri County, ime obodo nke Kenya, na 1990. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Purity Ngina: Everything to Know About Youngest PhD Holder in Biometrics|url=https://nairobiwire.com/2018/12/dr-purity-ngina-everything-to-know-about-youngest-phd-holder-in-biometrics.html|accessdate=2020-06-18|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215130730/http://nairobiwire.com/2018/12/dr-purity-ngina-everything-to-know-about-youngest-phd-holder-in-biometrics.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nne naanị ya zụlitere ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Evewoman : Inspiring story of Purity Ngina: Failed KCPE but now a Biometrics PhD holder at only 28 years|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/article/2001286941/inspiring-story-of-purity-ngina-failed-kcpe-but-now-a-biometrics-phd-holder-at-only-28-years|accessdate=2020-06-18|work=www.standardmedia.co.ke}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngina nọrọ maka asambodo Kenya nke agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ugboro abụọ na 2002 na 2003 tupu ọ gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2007.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Meet Kenya's youngest PhD holder|url=https://www.nation.co.kehttps//www.nation.co.ke/kenya/news/education/meet-kenya-s-youngest-phd-holder--64922|accessdate=2020-06-18|work=Daily Nation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Meet Purity Ngina, the youngest PhD holder in Biomathematics|url=https://www.strathmore.edu/news/meet-purity-ngina-the-youngest-phd-holder-in-biomathematics/|accessdate=2020-06-18|work=Strathmore University|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306225424/http://www.strathmore.edu/news/meet-purity-ngina-the-youngest-phd-holder-in-biomathematics/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ==
N'afọ 2009, a nabatara ya na Mahadum Egerton, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na klas mbụ na 2013 na nzere mmụta na sayensị agụmakwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ. N'afọ 2015, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere masta na mgbakọ na mwepụ n'otu mahadum ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Reporter|first=Standard|title=Meet Kenya's youngest PhD holder in Biomathematics|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001291288/meet-kenya-s-youngest-phd-holder-in-biomathematics|accessdate=2020-06-18|work=The Standard|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Meet Kenya's youngest PhD holder|url=https://www.nation.co.kehttps//www.nation.co.ke/kenya/news/education/meet-kenya-s-youngest-phd-holder--64922|accessdate=2020-06-18|work=Daily Nation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngina sonyeere Mahadum Strathmore dị ka osote onye nkuzi na 2016 nkuzi ego, akụnụba, na ụmụ akwụkwọ sayensị.[1] Ọ nwetara ego maka PhD site na Ọrụ mgbanwe Ọmụmụ German.[2][3] N'afọ 2018, ọ dị afọ 28, ọ ghọrọ onye Kenya nke kacha nta nwere PhD na biomathematics. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya lekwasịrị anya na mgbakọ na mwepụ HIV. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Reporter|first=Standard|title=Meet Kenya's youngest PhD holder in Biomathematics|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001291288/meet-kenya-s-youngest-phd-holder-in-biomathematics|accessdate=2020-06-18|work=The Standard|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Evewoman : Inspiring story of Purity Ngina: Failed KCPE but now a Biometrics PhD holder at only 28 years|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/article/2001286941/inspiring-story-of-purity-ngina-failed-kcpe-but-now-a-biometrics-phd-holder-at-only-28-years|accessdate=2020-06-18|work=www.standardmedia.co.ke}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ lụrụ Germano Mugambi, onye nkuzi mahadum na Mahadum Egerton . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jared|first=Too|title=Kenya's youngest PhD holder wedded in a Sh40,000 gown|url=https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2001314665/kenya-s-youngest-phd-holder-wedded-in-a-sh40-000-gown|accessdate=2020-06-18|work=Standard Digital News|archivedate=2019-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403154728/https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2001314665/kenya-s-youngest-phd-holder-wedded-in-a-sh40-000-gown}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==

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    <title>Jean Comaroff</title>
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      <text bytes="5768" sha1="1ss115b4rwd6nw27wmy6se4dx2vv3cb" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Jean Comaroff.jpg|thumb|Jean Comaroff]]
Jean Comaroff (amuru 22 Julaị 1946) bu Prọfesọ nke African na African American Studies na nke Anthropology, Oppenheimer Fellow in African Studies na Mahadum Harvard. Ọ bụ ọkachamara na mmetụta nke colonialism na ndị mmadụ na South Africa.[1] Ruo 2012, Jean bụ Bernard E. &amp; Ellen C. Sunny Distinguished Service Prọfesọ nke Anthropology na nke Social Sciences na Mahadum Chicago na Prọfesọ nsọpụrụ nke Anthropology na Mahadum Cape Town. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://publicculture.org/people/view/jean-comaroff|title=Jean Comaroff • Public Culture|work=Publicculture.org|accessdate=2015-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107183528/http://publicculture.org/people/view/jean-comaroff|archivedate=2015-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Ọ natara B.A. ya na 1966 site na Mahadum Cape Town na Ph.D. ya na 1974 site na London School of Economics . Ọ bụ onye otu ngalaba Mahadum kemgbe afọ 1978.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://aaas.fas.harvard.edu/people/jean-comaroff|title=Jean Comaroff|work=aaas.fas.harvard.edu|accessdate=2016-09-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mmekorita ya na di ya John Comaroff, yana n'onwe ya, Comaroff edeela ọtụtụ ihe gbasara ọchịchị ala ọzọ, na hegemony dabere na ọrụ ubi a rụrụ na ndịda Africa na Great Britain.

Comaroff na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye otu Editorial Collective nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Public Culture. Otu akwụkwọ dị mkpa ya na John Comaroff dere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya bụ Theory from the South, nke n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ na-ekpuchi &quot;otú Euro-America si agbanweela n'Africa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iAbvCgAAQBAJ|title=Theory from the South: Or, How Euro-America is Evolving Toward Africa|author=Comaroff|first=Jean|date=2015-11-17|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317250616|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Jean Comaroff mụrụ na Edinburgh, Scotland, obere oge ka Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị. Nna ya, bụ dọkịta onye Juu South Africa, sonyeere British Army Medical Corps mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mba ofesi ka ọ bụrụ ọkachamara na obstetrics na gynecology. Nne ya bụ onye gbanwere n'okpukpe ndị Juu, nke a mụrụ n'ezinụlọ Lutheran German bụ ndị kwagara South Africa na njedebe narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. Nne na nna Dr. Comaroff laghachiri South Africa mgbe ọ dị ọnwa iri, biri na Port Elizabeth nke nwere nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ọ bụ ezie na ezinụlọ ahụ kwadoro ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị obodo, nna ya nọgidere na-enwe mmetụta dị ala n'ihi ọrụ ya na-elekọta ụlọ ọgwụ mpaghara. Nne ya na-arụ ọrụ obodo, gụnyere ebe a na-esi nri ofe na ụlọ akwụkwọ abalị, na iso ndị Juu meworo agadi na-arụkọ ọrụ.

Na ngwụcha afọ 1960, ya na di ya, onye na-amụ banyere ụmụ mmadụ bụ John Comaroff kwagara Great Britain iji nweta PhD na anthropology. Ma Jean na John Comaroff bụ ndị otu ngalaba na Mahadum Chicago n'etiti afọ 1979 na 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/217640/2/Comaroff.htm|title=Jean and John Comaroff interviewed by Kalman Applbaum 15th November|work=Dspace.cam.ac.uk|accessdate=2015-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701115111/https://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/217640/2/Comaroff.htm|archivedate=2013-07-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==

* 1985: ''Ahụ nke Ike, Mmụọ nke Nnupụisi: Ọdịbendị na Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Ndị South Africa''
* 2007: &quot;N'elu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Bare Life: AIDS na Global Order&quot;. Ọdịbendị Ọha, 19 (1): 197-219.

== Ihe nrite ==

* Gordon Laing Prize, akwụkwọ kachasị mma site n'aka onye otu ngalaba nke Mahadum Chicago Press bipụtara [ya na John L. Comaroff]
* Harry J. Kalven, Jr. Ihe nrite maka ọganihu nke nyocha na iwu na ọha mmadụ.
* Ihe nrite ọla edo Anders Retzius sitere na Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography.
* Ihe nrite kacha mma, Council of Editors of Learned Journals maka &quot;Millennial Capitalism and the Culture of Neoliberalism. &quot; (Public Culture 12[2]).

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara (ya na John Comaroff) ==

* 1991 Of Revelation and Revolution Vol I: Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa. Chicago: Mahadum nke Chicago Press.
* 1992 Ethnography na akụkọ ihe mere eme. Boulder: Westview Press.
* 1997 ''Of Revelation and Revolution Vol II: The Dialectics of Modernity on a South African Frontier.'' Chicago: Mahadum nke Chicago Press.
* 2000 &quot;Millennial Capitalism: First Thoughts on a Second Coming&quot;. Ọdịbendị Ọha, 12 (2): 291-343.
* 2006 Law and Disorder in the Postcolony (ed.) University of Chicago Press.
* 2006 &quot;:The Portraits of an Ethnographer as a Young Man: The Photography of Isaac Schapera in 'Old Botswana'.&quot; Anthropology Today. 22(1):10-17.
* 2007 Foto nke Colonial gara aga: Foto Africa nke Isaac Schapera.  (ed. w/ D.A. James) Mahadum nke Chicago Press.
* 2009 &quot;Ethnicity, Inc&quot;. Chicago Studies in Practices of Meaning, University of Chicago Press (July 15, 2009) 
* 2009 Dixit: Ime ihe ike na iwu na postcolonia: echiche banyere nkwekọrịta Norte-Sur, Buenos Aires na Madrid, Katz Barpal Editores,   (Na co-editioning na Centro de Cultura Contemporánea de Barcelona)  
* 2011 &quot;Afọ iri abụọ mgbe Mkpughe na Mgbanwe: Ajụjụ ọnụ na Jean Comaroff&quot;, Social Sciences and Missions (Leiden: Brill), mpịakọta nke 24 (2-3), peeji nke 148-170&amp;nbsp;
* 2012 Theory from the South: Ma ọ bụ, Otu Euro-America si agbanweela n'ebe Afrịka nọ (The Radical Imagination). [Ndị na-ebipụta Paradigm].

== Edemsibia ==

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'''Elisabeth Joan &quot;Lisa&quot; Croll''', CMG (21 Septemba 1944 - 3 Ọktoba 2007) bụ ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ na New Zealand. A maara ya dị ka onye ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ nke mbụ gara leta obodo ndị China n'oge omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mere ka ọ sie ike ịbanye na obodo maka ndị mba ọzọ. Croll bipụtara akwụkwọ gbasara isiokwu a wee nwee ọtụtụ mkpakọrịta obere oge na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ dị iche iche. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|United Nations]] na otu mba ụwa na-abụghị nke gọọmentị.

== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Croll Elizabeth Sprackett n'ime ime obodo New Zealand nke Reefton na South Island nke obodo na 21 Septemba 1944. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardianobituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Davin|first=Delia|authorlink=Delia Davin|title=Elisabeth Croll|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2007/oct/10/guardianobituaries.china|work=The Guardian|date=10 October 2007|accessdate=3 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;independentobituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Evans|first=Harriet|title=Professor Elisabeth Croll|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/professor-elisabeth-croll-394892.html|work=The Independent|date=16 October 2016|accessdate=3 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya, onye ụkọchukwu Presbyterian, si n'ebe dara ogbenye, ebe ezinụlọ nne ya na-etinye aka na ntọala nke mahadum mbụ nke New Zealand. &lt;ref name=&quot;independentobituary&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;timesobituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Professor Elisabeth Croll; Obituary|url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A169859551/GPS?sid=wikipedia|work=The Times|page=54|date=16 October 2007|accessdate=3 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha na China nwere njikọ site na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 na nna ya na ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ China na-arụ ọrụ na mmalite 1960, gụnyere oge ọnwa atọ na Hong Kong. Nne na nna Croll mere ka ọ nwee ịhụnanya maka akwụkwọ na mmụta ogologo ndụ ya niile, yana oke ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;timesobituary&quot; /&gt; Ọ họọrọ ka a kpọọ ya &quot;Lisa&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;aaobituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Obituary: Professor Elisabeth Joan Croll, CMG – Member of the Council of the Society 2000–2007|journal=Asian Affairs|pages=168–169|volume=39|issue=1|year=2008|issn=0306-8374|doi=10.1080/03068370701792103}}&lt;/ref&gt; Croll gụrụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ Christchurch, &lt;ref name=&quot;dtobituary&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Professor Elisabeth Croll|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1566507/Professor-Elisabeth-Croll.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=18 October 2007|accessdate=3 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee mụọ maka nzere bachelọ nke Arts na Master of Arts History na Mahadum Canterbury . &lt;ref name=&quot;guardianobituary&quot; /&gt; Na 1962, ezinụlọ ya kwagara Sydney. &lt;ref name=&quot;independentobituary&quot; /&gt; Croll họọrọ ịnọgide na New Zealand n'ihi na ọ ka na-agụ akwụkwọ wee zute Jim Croll onye ọ lụrụ na 1966. &lt;ref name=&quot;independentobituary&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;dtobituary&quot; /&gt; Ha nwere ụmụ abụọ, Nicholas na Katherine. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardianobituary&quot; /&gt; Ya na Jim kwagara London ka enyechara ya nkuzi nkuzi na injinia obodo na mahadum mahadum. &lt;ref name=&quot;timesobituary&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;aaobituary&quot; /&gt; Croll gụsịrị akwụkwọ na SOAS, Mahadum London na Master of Arts na Far Eastern Studies na Dọkịta nke Philosophy degree na Chinese anthropology na 1977. &lt;ref name=&quot;independentobituary&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;dtobituary&quot; /&gt; Oge ya na mahadum nyere ya ohere ịzụlite mmasị na nkà mmụta ihe ọmụmụ na China. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardianobituary&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọ mere njem nyocha izu abụọ n'ime ime obodo China, ma bụrụ onye ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ nke mbụ rutere n'ime obodo mgbe omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mere ka ndị mba ọzọ banye na obodo siri ike. Croll nwetara ntụkwasị obi nke ndị China, na-enye ohere ka ndị ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ ibe ya soro nzọụkwụ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;timesobituary&quot; /&gt; Njem ogologo oge na mba ahụ agaghị ekwe omume n'oge ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama na SOAS. &lt;ref name=&quot;independentobituary&quot; /&gt;O bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya bụ ''Feminism and Socialism in China'' na 1978, wee malite ọmụmụ ihe gbasara mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị China. Akwụkwọ nke abụọ nke Croll, ''Politics of Marriage in Contemporary China'' nke e bipụtara na 1981, wetara ọmụmụ ihe gbasara mmadụ gbasara mgbanwe ọchịchị. Ọ tụrụ aro ka mgbanwe alụm di na nwunye nke gọọmentị China dabere na mkpebi efu na nha anya mmekọahụ ga-esi ike ịmanye yana esemokwu n'etiti ndị agadi na steeti ga-emepụta. O mechara dee akwụkwọ bụ ''Food in the Domestic Economy in China'' (1983), ''Chinese Women Since Mao'' (1984) na ''China's One-Child Family Policy'' and ''Women and Rural Development na China'' na 1985. &lt;ref name=&quot;timesobituary&quot; /&gt;

Croll nwere ọtụtụ mkpakọrịta nke obere oge na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ China Contemporary, SOAS's Department of Anthropology, University of Sussex 's Institute of Development Studies, Oxford Department of International Development, Wolfson College, Oxford, Mahadum Princeton na International Institute of Social Studies . &lt;ref name=&quot;guardianobituary&quot; /&gt;A họpụtara ya onye nkuzi SOAS na mmụta gbasara mmadụ na 1990, &lt;ref name=&quot;dtobituary&quot; /&gt;wee bụrụ onye nkuzi ya ka otu afọ gachara. Croll ghọrọ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na 1993, tupu ọ bụrụ prọfesọ nke nkà mmụta ihe ọmụmụ China na 1995. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardianobituary&quot; /&gt; Croll malitere usoro mmụta mmepe gbasara mmadụ, otu n'ime ndị mbụ na United Kingdom wee rịọ ka itinye ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na mmemme ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;dtobituary&quot; /&gt; N'ime oge ahụ, o dere akwụkwọ abụọ ọzọ a na-akpọ ''Site n'Eluigwe ruo Ụwa: Foto na Ahụmahụ nke Mmepe na China'' na 1993, &lt;ref name=&quot;timesobituary&quot; /&gt; na ''Ịgbanwe Identities nke Ụmụ nwanyị China: nkwupụta okwu, ahụmahụ na nghọta onwe onye na China narị afọ nke 20 ka'' afọ abụọ gasịrị. &lt;ref name=&quot;independentobituary&quot; /&gt;Croll bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ oge niile maka ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche nke [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|United Nations]], gụnyere International Labour Organisation, [[World Bank]], Ford Foundation, Department for International Development, [[Food and Agriculture Organization|Food and Agriculture Organisation]], [[Ego Mba Nile Maka Mmepe Ọrụ Ugbo|International Fund for Agricultural Development]], UNICEF na ọtụtụ òtù mba ụwa na-abụghị ndị gọọmenti. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardianobituary&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;independentobituary&quot; /&gt;

=== Mgbe e mesịrị ọrụ na ọnwụ ===
Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ na All-China Women's Federation na okwu metụtara okike, &lt;ref name=&quot;guardianobituary&quot; /&gt; ma tinye aka na mkpọsa iji gosipụta okwu gbasara ụmụ agbọghọ na-efu efu na ụmụ nwanyị na-achọghị na China na Asia. &lt;ref name=&quot;dtobituary&quot; /&gt;Croll dụrụ ndị ọchịchị obodo ọdụ n'ihe gbasara mbelata ịda ogbenye, mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Na Royal Society of Asian Affairs, ọ bụ onye isi ya, osote onye isi oche nke Great Britain-China Center . &lt;ref name=&quot;independentobituary&quot; /&gt; A họpụtara Croll ka ọ bụrụ Kansụl Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Tokyo na 1998. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardianobituary&quot; /&gt; Emechara họpụta ya osote onye isi oche ya na 2002, tupu ọ bụrụ onye isi oche afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị. Croll tọrọ ntọala oche nke Center of Chinese Studies ma bụrụ onye isi nke Ngalaba Nkà Mmụta Mmepe ya. A họpụtara ya osote onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ SOAS nwere ọrụ pụrụ iche maka Mmekọrịta Mpụga. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ikpeazụ ya ''China's New Consumers: Social Development and Domestic Demand'' n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2006. &lt;ref name=&quot;independentobituary&quot; /&gt; Croll nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa kansa na 3 October 2007 na London. &lt;ref name=&quot;guardianobituary&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;timesobituary&quot; /&gt; Ọ ga-anata CMG n'aka Queen na 10 October &quot;maka ọrụ maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu, karịsịa n'ịkwalite nghọta nke mmepe mmekọrịta mmadụ na China&quot;, mana n'ihi ọnwụ ya, nwa ya nwanyị natara ya n'aha Croll. &lt;ref name=&quot;independentobituary&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Battalion ụmụ nwanyị Guangxi

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
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    <title>Dupuis Henry Yacouba</title>
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      <text bytes="3314" sha1="gcqmygdtoufw9qdhk0z32bul22zez3d" xml:space="preserve">'''Dupuis Henry Yacouba''' (Ụbọchị mbụ nke ọnwa Machị́  afọ 1924 - mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri abụo na asatọ nke ọnwa Jenụarị afọ 2008) bụ onye Naịgerien izugbe na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Niger .

== Ndụ ==
Dupuis Henry Yacouba bụ nwa onye France bụ ''Auguste Dupuis-Yacouba'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Boubou Hama: Un homme de culture nigérien|isbn=978-2296024076}}&lt;/ref&gt; na nwunye ya ''Salama'', bụ ndị Fulani (Fulbe). Edebanyere ya na  ndị agha mba French n'afọ 1943 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://nigerdiaspora.info/journaux/saheldimanche01-02-08.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005020004/http://nigerdiaspora.info/journaux/saheldimanche01-02-08.pdf|archivedate=2013-10-05|accessdate=2025-07-04|work=nigerdiaspora.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee kwalite ya ịbụ onyeisi ndị agha Niamey na 1956. Mgbe [[Niger]] nwetasịrị nnwere onwe na [[France]] n'afọ 1960 ma ndị agha Niger malitere n'afọ 1961, Dupuis-Yacouba, dị ka Seyni Kountché, bụ otu n'ime nanị isii ndị agha Niger ruru onye ọrụ agha Niger. N'afọ 1963, e buliri ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mahamane|first=Aliou|title=Armée et politique au Niger|publisher=CODESRIA|isbn=978-2-86978-236-3|editor=Kimba|pages=45–92|chapter=La naissance de l’armée nationale au Niger, 1961–1974}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1961 ruo Ọgọst afọ 1966, Dupuis-Yacouba jere ozi dị ka onye isi ndị ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nahụ maka nchekwa  nke Niger, ma bụrụkwa onye isi ndị ọrụ na Minista nchekwa site na Disemba afọ 1962 ruo Ọgọst afọ 1966. O mechara rụọ ọrụ na ozi dịka onye ntụziaka  nke Nchekwa mba site n'ọnwa Jullaị afọ 1973, dịkwa ka onye-isi izugbe n'ahụ maka nnyocha nke ndị agha.

Seyni Kountché bịara n'ọchịchị na abalị iri na ise nke n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1974, site na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma họpụta Henri Dupuis-Yacouba, bụ onye naanị ya na-etinye aka na mgbagha ahụ, dị ka Minista nke agụmakwụkwọ, ndị ntorobịa na egwuregwu. N'ime mgbanwe gọọmentị n'afọ 1975, ọ tụfuru na mbụ Pọtụfoliyo Ntorobịa na Egwuregwu, na ngbanwe ọzọ ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ọ ghọrọ Minista nke Ikpe ziri Ezi, nzipu na mkpakọrịta. A na-ewere ọchịchọ onwe ya ihe mere e ji chụpụ ya na gọọmentị na Febriwarị afọ 1976. Ọ rụrụ obere ọrụ na mgbalị a nwara imegide onyeisi obodo Kountché na Machị afọ 1976. A họpụtara ya brigadier general n'ọnwa Ọgọọst afọ 1976. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Idrissa|first=Abdourahmane|title=Historical Dictionary of Niger|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2012|isbn=978-0-8108-6843-9|edition=4th}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye isi izugbe mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị agha Niger. N'afọ 1981, a kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ Onyeisi izugbe. Dupuis-Yacouba jere ozi dị ka Nnukwu ochie onye ndụmọdụ na nlekọta anya ''nke Iwu mba site n'afọ 1976 ruo 1986. Ọ lara ezumike nká n'abalị mbụ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1986.''  site n'afọ 1976 ruo 1986. Ọ lara ezumike nká n'abalị mbụ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 1986. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Category:#WMS2025]]</text>
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    <title>Elli Köngäs-Maranda</title>
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'''TElli-Kaija Köngäs-Maranda''' (11 Jenụwarị 1932, Tervola, [[Finland]] - 1 Nọvemba 1982, Québec City, [[Kánada|Canada]]) bụ onye ama ama n'ụwa niile bụ ọkà mmụta gbasara mmadụ na onye na agụ akụkọ gbasara nwanyị. Ọ gụrụ asụsụ Finnish na akụkọ ifo na Mahadum Helsinki, ebe ọ natara B.A. ya na afọ 1954 na M.A. na 1955. Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na United States of America ma mee edemede doctoral ya na afọ 1963 na Mahadum Indiana . Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na Mahadum Columbia na onye otu na Radcliffe Institute nke Mahadum Harvard . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2022/1778/15%282%29%20115-117.pdf?sequence=1|title=Elli-Kaija Köngas Maranda In Memoriam|accessdate=2018-10-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara Köngäs-Maranda ka ọ bụrụ Fellow nke [[American Folklore Society]]. Ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke Society wepụtara ihe nrite abụọ na afọ 1983 na ncheta ya.

== Nnyocha ==
Elli Köngäs-Maranda bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo Finnish-American, echiche na omume nke nyocha ihe omimi, akụkọ ifo na nka dị ka ihe nkuzi na ụdị nhazi na akụkọ ifo, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80065792/|title=Köngäs-Maranda, Elli-Kaija 1932-1982|work=WorldCat Identities|accessdate=2018-10-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; gụnyere:

* Elli-Kaija Köngäs-Maranda, Finnish Folklore Reader and Glossary, Indiana University Publications: Uralic and Altaic Series, 71/Research and Studies in Uralic and Altoic Languages: Project No. 74 (Bloomington: Indiana University, [1968]) 
* Elli Köngäs Maranda na Pierre Maranda (ed), Structural Models in Folklore and Transformational Essays, Approaches to Semiotics, 10/University of Pennsylvania Publications in Folklor and Folklife, 3 (The Hague: Mouton, 1971/Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press [1971]) 

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Onye Canada na ahụ maka ọdịdị mmadụ bụ [[Pierre Maranda]] bụ di ya nke ya na ụmụ nwoke abụọ: nke okenye bụ Erik na nke nta bụ onye  na-agụ egwu Nicolas Maranda . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.afsnet.org/sections/womens/kongas-maranda.cfm American Folklore Society]
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    <title>Elisabeth Goldschmidt</title>
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'''Elisabeth Goldschmidt''' (née Wechsler; Hebrew; September 22, 1912 - May 6, 1970)  bụ ọkà mmụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke Israel mụrụ German bụ onye tọrọ ntọala usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem. A kọwawo ya dị ka &quot;Nne guzobere ngalaba nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na Israel&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;endeavour&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kirsh|first=Nurit|date=June 2013|title=Tragedy or success? Elisabeth Goldschmidt (1912–1970) and genetics in Israel|journal=Endeavour|language=en|volume=37|issue=2|pages=112–120|doi=10.1016/j.endeavour.2012.10.001|pmid=23218800}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Goldschmidt Elisabeth Wechsler n'ime ezinụlọ ndị Juu Ọtọdọks na Frankfurt, Germany, na September 22, 1912. Ọ malitere ịmụ ọgwụ na Mahadum Frankfurt na 1932, ma mgbe Adolf Hitler bilitere n'ọchịchị na Germany n'afọ sochirinụ, ọ kwụsịrị ma kwaga London, England. N'ebe ahụ ọ gara n'ihu mụọ ihe gbasara ihe ọkụkụ na anụmanụ, wee nata B.Sc. ogo na 1936. O wee kwaga Jerusalem na di ya, Joseph Goldschmidt. O nwetara Ph.D. sitere na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem na 1942 jiri edemede akpọrọ Cytological Studies na Chironomidae. &lt;ref name=&quot;jwa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/goldschmidt-elisabeth|title=Elisabeth Goldschmidt|author=Falk|first=Raphael|work=Jewish Women's Archive|accessdate=2019-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=July 1970|title=Professor Elisabeth Goldschmidt|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=227|issue=5256|pages=422|doi=10.1038/227422a0|issn=0028-0836}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị Ph.D. site na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem, Goldschmidt ghọrọ onye enyemaka obere na ngalaba nke [[Agụmanụmanụ|Zoology]] ebe ahụ. Na 1950, a kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi na Genetics na mahadum, ma n'otu afọ ahụ enwetara ya mkpakọrịta sitere na American Association of University Women . Mmekọrịta a mere ka ọ gaa [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] otu afọ, bụ ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ nyocha nke Theodosius Dobzhansky na Curt Stern . Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem na 1951, ọ maliteghachiri nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ma malite ịkụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụike isiokwu ahụ. Na 1961, ya na Chaim Sheba na Raphael Falk, ọ haziri Nzukọ on Human Population Genetics, na site na 1963 ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya rụkọrọ ọrụ iji chọta Laboratory of Genetics (mgbe e mesịrị Ngalaba Genetics) na Mahadum Hibru. &lt;ref name=&quot;jwa&quot; /&gt;

== Nnyocha ==
N'oge ọrụ ya, Goldschmidt lekwasịrị anya nchọcha ya na ngbanwe nke ụfọdụ ihe dị ndụ na ọnọdụ nke oke nnu. O mechara malite nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ndị bi na Drosophila ijiji. Ọ mụtara usoro chromatography akwụkwọ site na ịga leta ụlọ nyocha Ernst Hadorn na 1953, ọ gara n'ihu itinye nke a n'ọrụ na nyocha ya. O nwekwara mmasị n'ịchọpụta ihe ndabere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke ọrịa mmadụ dị ka Ọrịa Tay-Sachs.&lt;ref name=&quot;jwa&quot; /&gt;

== Ndụ onwe na ọnwụ ==
Goldschmidt na di ya, Joseph Goldschmidt, nwere nwa nwoke, Eliezer Goldschmidt, na otu nwa nwanyị, Yemima Ben-Menachem . O gburu onwe ya na Mee 6, 1970. &lt;ref name=&quot;endeavour&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* {{Cite journal|author=Kirsh|first=Nurit|date=2004|title=Geneticist Elisabeth Goldschmidt: A Two–Fold Pioneering Story|journal=Israel Studies|volume=9|issue=2|pages=71–105|issn=1084-9513|doi=10.2979/ISR.2004.9.2.71}}</text>
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    <title>Elisabeth nke Swabia</title>
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'''Elisabeth nke Swabia''' (onye nke ede ziri aha ya dịka '''Beatrice'''; March/May 1205 - 5 November 1235), bụ onye otu House of Hohenstaufen onye ghọrọ Queen of Castile and Leon site n'alụmdi na nwunye Ferdinand nke Atọ.

A mụrụ ya na Nürnberg, Elisabeth bụ nwa nwanyị nke anọ na ezinụlọ Philip nke Swabia, Eze mba Germany, na Irene Angelina, nwa nwanyị nke Eze Ukwu Isaac nke Abụọ Angelos nke Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium. E gburu nna Elisabeth na 21 Juunu 1208, &lt;ref name=&quot;Alemparte181&quot;&gt; nne ya nwụkwara site na nsogbu nke ịmụ nwa na 27 Ọgọọst . E debere Elisabeth na ụmụnne ya nwanyị n'okpuru nlekọta nke nwa nwanne ha nwanyị, Eze Frederick Roger nke Sicily, onye haziri alụmdi na nwunye nke Elisabeth na Eze Ferdinand nke Atọ nke Castile.

Emere emume agbamakwụkwọ n'etiti Elisabeth na Ferdinand nke Atọ na onwa 30 Nọvemba 1219 n'obodo Burgos.  Na Castile, ọ natara aha Beatrice, ma eleghị anya iji sọpụrụ nwanne ya nwanyị nke tọrọ ya, Empress Beatrice (onye nke nwụrụ n'afo 1212), na nke nta, onye nke nwụrụ n'akụkụ nne ha n'afo 1208 n'oge ọ na-amụ nwa.

N'afọ 1230, mgbe nna nna ya ebe di ya nwụrụ, Eze Alfonso IX nke Leon, Beatrice ghọrọ eze nwanyị. N'oge alụmdi na nwunye ya, Elisabeth mụrụ ụmụ iri:

* Alfonso X (nke a na-akpọ The Wise) (b. Toledo, 23 Nọvemba 1221 - d. Seville, 4 Eprel 1284).
* Frederick (b. Guadalajara, bef. 15 Septemba 1223 - gburu na Burgos, 1277).
* Ferdinand (b. Cuenca, bef. 27 March 1225 - d. nso Seville, bef. 23 NEleanor n'afo1983).
* Eleanor (b. 1226 - nwụrụ na nwata).
* Berengaria (b. 1228 - d. Las Huelgas 1279), onye nọn na ebe obibi ndị mọnk Cistercian Santa María la Real na Las Huelga kemgbe Septemba 1243.
* Henry (b. bef. 10 March 1230 - d. Roa, 8 Ọgọọst 1303).&lt;ref name=&quot;Diez22&quot;&gt;
* Filip (b. bef. 5 Dec 1231 - d. 28 Nọvemba 1274).
* Sancho (b. 1233 - d. Toledo, 27 October 1261), Achịbishọp nke Toledo site na 1251-1261.
* Manuel, Lord of Villena (b. Carrión de los Condes, 1234 - d. Peñafiel, 25 December n'afo 1983). 
* Maria (b. na d. bef. 5 Nọvemba n'afo1983).

Queen Beatrice nwụrụ na Toro na 5 Nọvemba n'afo 1235 mgbe ọ dị afọ 30. O yikarịrị ka ọnwụ ya nwere njikọ na mgbe ọmụmụ ikpeazụ ya, ma ọ bụ ọbụna nwụọ mgbe ọ mụsịrị. E liri ya na Royal Monastery nke Huelgas de Burgos, n'akụkụ Eze Henry nke Mbụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, nwa ya nwoke Alfonso X wegara ozu ya na Katidral Seville n'afo1983, ebe nke di ya zuru ike.

== Ihe onwunwe ==

* Arch na Garay, Ricardo (n'afo1983). Jerónimo Zurita Institute. Kansụl Nnyocha Mba .. ed.na  Ili nke ụlọ eze Castile. Madrid
* Elorza, Juan C.; Lourdes Vaquero, Belen Castillo, Martha Black (n'afo19834). Castilla na Leon Ministry of Culture and Social Welfare. ed. Pantheon Royal nke Strike nke Burgos. Ili nke ndị eze nke León na Castile (2nd mbipụta). Editorial Evergráficas SA.  . 
* Gomez Moreno, Manuel Ụlọ ọrụ Diego Velazquez Kansụl Nnyocha Mba .. ed. 's Pantheon Royal Strike nke Burgos. Madrid

== Edensibia ==
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Queen consort of León]]|years=1219–1235}}
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      <text bytes="11025" sha1="kyym55gistfxab70huce9wqyv0psd6q" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Anna Tsing Aarhus Universitet.jpg|thumb|Anna Tsing ]]
 

Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing (amụrụ na 1952) bụ onye nyocha ọdịnala Chinese-American. Ọ bụ prọfesọ na ngalaba Anthropology na Mahadum California, Santa Cruz. Na 2018, e nyere ya Huxley Memorial Medal nke Royal Anthropological Institute.

== Mmụta ==
Tsing nwetara B.A. ya na Mahadum Yale wee gụchaa M.A. (1976) na PhD (1984) na Mahadum Stanford. [1]

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ nwetara digrii ntorobịa ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye ọbịa onye nyere aka na mahadum na Mahadum Colorado, Boulder (1984–86) na dịka onye nyere aka na Mahadum Massachusetts, Amherst (1986–89). O mesịa sonyere UC Santa Cruz.

Tsing ebipụtala ihe karịrị isiokwu 40 na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a ma ama gụnyere Cultural Anthropology na ''Southeast Asian Studies Bulletin.'' O ritere [[Harry Benda Prize|Ihe nrite Harry Benda]] maka akwụkwọ ya bụ In the Realm of the Diamond Queen (1994). Akwụkwọ ya nke abụọ, Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection (2005), nwetara Senior Book Prize nke American Ethnological Society . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=ANNA LOWENHAUPT TSING|url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/anna-lowenhaupt-tsing/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418004956/http://www.gf.org:80/fellows/all-fellows/anna-lowenhaupt-tsing|archivedate=2015-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2010 ọ natara Guggenheim Fellowship &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/anna-lowenhaupt-tsing/|title=John Simon Guggenheim Foundation {{!}} Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-06|archivedate=2021-09-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907171149/https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/anna-lowenhaupt-tsing/}}&lt;/ref&gt; maka ọrụ ya On the Circulation of Species: The Persistence of Diversity, ethnography nke mushroom matsutake. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

Na 2013, a nyekwara Tsing ọkwa Niels Bohr Professorship na Mahadum Aarhus dị na Denmark maka onyinye ya na ọrụ ndị interdisciplinari n'ime ihe ọmụma gbasara mmadụ, sayensị eke, sayensị ọha, na nka. Ọ bụ ugbu a na-emepụta mmemme transdisciplinary maka ịmụ Anthropocene. Tsing bụ onye isi nke ụlọ nyocha AURA (Aarhus University Research on the Anthropocene). Oru ngo a nyere ego site na Danish National Research Foundation maka oge ise ruo 2018.

N'etiti ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọ na-ejikọta bụ American Anthropological Association, [[American Ethnological Society]], na Association for Asian Studies . &lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=ANNA LOWENHAUPT TSING|url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/anna-lowenhaupt-tsing/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418004956/http://www.gf.org:80/fellows/all-fellows/anna-lowenhaupt-tsing|archivedate=2015-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1999, Tsing malitere mmekọrịta ya na onye nyocha ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na onye mmụta banyere mmụọ mmadụ James C. Scott, nke gara n'ihu ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 2024.

== Isiokwu ndị dị mkpa ==

=== Plantationocene ===
Ya na onye ọkà mmụta Donna J. Haraway, Tsing chepụtara Plantationocene dị ka okwu ọzọ maka oge Anthropocene nke na-eme ka ọrụ ụmụ mmadụ dị na mgbanwe nke mbara ala na mmetụta ọjọọ ya na ojiji ala, gburugburu ebe obibi, ụdị dị iche iche, na mkpochapụ ụdị.

Tsing na Haraway na-ekwu na ọ bụghị mmadụ niile na-enye aka n'ihe ịma aka gburugburu ebe obibi na-eche ụwa anyị ihu. Ha na-egosi mmalite nke Anthropocene na mmalite nke ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị na Amerịka n'oge mbụ nke oge a ma na-egosipụta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ime ihe ike dị n'azụ ya site n'ilekwasị anya n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ubi. Ndị Spain na ndị Portugal bi na ya malitere ibubata ụdị ubi na Amerịka na 1500s nke ha mepụtara na mbụ otu narị afọ gara aga na Agwaetiti Atlantic. Ụdị ubi ndị a dabere na ọrụ mmanye ịkwaga (ịgba ohu), ojiji ala siri ike, azụmahịa zuru ụwa ọnụ, na ime ihe ike agbụrụ mgbe niile, nke agbanweela ndụ mmadụ na ndị na-abụghị mmadụ n'ụwa niile. Ubi ndị dị ugbu a na ndị gara aga abụrụla ihe dị mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị, kapitalizim, na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ - akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-enweghị ikewapụ na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke mere ka ụfọdụ mmadụ bụrụ ndị na-adịghị ike karịa ndị ọzọ na okpomọkụ okpomọkụ, mmụba nke mmiri mmiri, ihe ndị na-egbu egbu, na ọnọdụ ala.

== Ọrụ ndị a ma ama ==
Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ndị Tsing ama ama na-agụnye akwụkwọ ndị a:

* N'ime ala nke Eze Nwanyị Diamond: Mmịkọta na Ebe Anaghị Akpọkarị (1993) 

: Akwụkwọ mbụ Anna Tsing na-elekwasị anya n'ọrụ ndị mmadụ sitere na Meratus Dayak, site na South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Onye na-enye Tsing ozi bụ Uma Adang, onye na-enye nghọta ya banyere okpukpe omenala, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụkọ ifo n'ihe metụtara njirimara agbụrụ. Akwụkwọ a na-elekwasị anya n'isiokwu nke ịdị n'ọnụ nke ókèala n'ime steeti na ihe gbasara obodo n'ime usoro nke dị iche na nwoke na nwanyị.

* Esemokwu: Akwụkwọ Nyocha Ọmenala nke Njikọ Ụwa (2004) 

: ethnography nke Tsing dabeere na Ugwu Meratus nke South Kalimantan, mpaghara dị na Indonesia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i7885.html|title=Princeton University Press|isbn=9780691120652|author=Tsing|first=Anna Lowenhaupt|year=2005|publisher=Princeton University Press|accessdate=2015-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akọwa okwu ''Esemokwu'' dị ka, &quot;ihe ihere, nke na-ahaghị nhata, nke na'adịghị akwụsi ike, na nke na-emepụta àgwà nke njikọ n'ofe ọdịiche. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ethnography a dabeere na obere oge, oge na-aga n'ihu nke ọrụ ubi; usoro ndị ahụ dabere na &quot;iberibe ethnographic&quot;. &quot; Akwụkwọ ahụ bụ ọmụmụ banyere ala ndị mmadụ na-achịkwa, isiokwu ndị na-agba ọsọ gụnyere mmebi ụlọ ọrụ, ijikọ ụwa ọnụ, ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, na [[Environmental degradation|Mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Tsing|first=Anna Lowenhaupt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tLlKCAAAQBAJ|title=The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins|date=2015-09-29|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-7354-8|pages=97|language=en|quote=Despite many differences from my Chinese American background, Japanese Americans felt familiar to me, like family.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Esemokwu aghọwo ederede dị mma na seminarị ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na geography, sociology, critical theory, feminist studies, environmental studies, and political economy, n'etiti ebe ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
: Site na nyocha ya, Tsing nwere ike ịkọwa esemokwu dị ka echiche ọzọ na &quot;mmepe nke ọha mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ&quot;. Tsing na-akatọ ụkpụrụ a n'ihi na ọ sitere n'echiche nke alaeze ukwu, ebe a na-eme ka mmepe dị ka ịbịakwute mba ndị dị ike ma jikọta ya na omume ọma. Echiche nke &quot;globe&quot; bụ ihe siri ike ịlele na ịmụ ma mepụta dichotomy n'etiti ọha mmadụ ndị a na-ewere dị ka akụkụ nke obodo ụwa. Tsing na-amalite site n'ịkọwa etu ihe ndị na-enweghị isi na nchịkwa ala Indonesia si yie ka ọ na-abawanye n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ihe ndị a chọrọ maka akụrụngwa anaghị adịwanye na mpaghara. Okwu nke mgbukpọ ọhịa a mere ka mmekọrịta na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti obodo ukwu na ime obodo dị n'Indonesia. Tsing na-ekwu na akụkụ nke ihe kpatara ịdị n'otu nke obodo Indonesia dị iche iche n'okwu a bụ na ọ dịghị otu n'ime obodo ndị a na-erite uru site na mbibi nke oké ọhịa ndị a dịka ha na-emepụta ngwaahịa maka ike mba ọzọ. Dị ka ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-ekwu, mbibi gburugburu ebe obibi a anaghị adaba na echiche dị mma nke mmegharị ụwa. Kama nke ahụ, Tsing na-ede, ọ na-ekpughe otu ike na enweghị nhata si egosipụta na mbibi nke ihe onwunwe okike na mmeghachi omume na omume ndị ahụ. Tsing na-ekwu na usoro ugbu a nke echiche ijikọ ụwa ọnụ bụ na a na-eme mmekọrịta ụwa niile na ebumnuche nke ịmepụta oge ụwa. Kama nke ahụ, site n'ịkọwa mmekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọdịbendị gafee ọdịiche dị ka &quot;mmekọrịta&quot;, Tsing kwetara mmetụta mmekọrịta ndị a nwere na ụzọ nke ọha mmadụ na-enweghị itinye omume ọma ma ọ bụ echiche monolithic na ha. Tsing na-atụkwa aro na iji echiche nke ịfụkọta iji ghọta mmetụta nke mmekọrịta na-eme ka echiche na ike nke ijikọ ụwa ọnụ bụ usoro a na-apụghị izere ezere. Ọ na-ewepụ ụfọdụ ike n'ụzọ anyị si ekwu maka ijikọ ụwa ọnụ site n'ịkwado na echiche ahụ bụ &quot;ọgba aghara&quot; ma ọ bụghị mgbe niile ka ọ na-emepụta mgbanwe n'otu ụzọ ahụ. Echiche Tsing banyere esemokwu dị ka nkọwa maka mmekọrịta na ụwa na-enye ụzọ ọhụrụ iji ghọta etu mmetụta dị iche iche nke mmekọrịta ndị a nwere ike ịdị na ụwa dị iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.therai.org.uk/awards/honours-prior-recipients/huxley-memorial-medal-and-lecture-prior-recipients/|title=Huxley Memorial Medal and Lecture Prior Recipients|date=6 November 2008|publisher=Royal Anthropological Institute|accessdate=30 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ''Mushroom na njedebe nke ụwa:Na Ihe Ọganihu Ndụ N'ókè akụnụba Ebighị Ebi (2015)'' 

: Akọ akụkọ mpaghara ndịda ụwa nke Tsing banyere mọshrụm matsutake na-enye ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ohere ileba anya n'ime mkpụrụ ahụ ọmarịcha, dị ọnụ ala na nke a na-ahụkarị n'ịhịa nke ukwuu, nke a na-atụ anya nke ukwuu na Japan. Mọshrụm ahụ na-eto eto n'ala ndị e gbanwere nke ukwuu site n'aka ndị mmadụ, na njikọ ọnụ na ụfọdụ ụdị osisi pine. Akụkọ Tsing banyere matsutake na-enye aka na ngalaba nke anthropology n'ikike ya ịmụpụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọtụtụ ụdị, site n'iji isiokwu na-abụghị mmadụ nweta ihe ọmụma gbasara ụwa nke mmadụ. Tsing na-eso njem mba ụwa ya iji nye onye na-agụ akwụkwọ nghọta na eriri ngwongwo dị mgbagwoju anya nke olu olu nke na-ejikọta na echiche banyere akụ na ụba.[1] O ji ya mee ka ìhè banye n’isiokwu ndị toro etoru banyere otú mmadụ si etinye aka na mbara ala, [1] na ikwurịta ihe ọ pụtara ịbụ mmadụ n’ihe metụtara ụmụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ.[4] A na-enye akwụkwọ ahụ onyinye Gregory Bateson Prize[5] na Victor Turner Prize.[6]

* Nkà nke ibi ndụ na mbara ala mebiri emebi: Ghosts na Monsters nke Anthropocene (2017) 

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Rahmina Paullete''', onye a maara dị ka '''Rahmina,''' bụ onye Kenya na-ahụ maka ihu igwe. Ọ bụ onye isi na-eme mkpọsa maka #LetLakeVictoriaBreatheAgain nke na-akwado iweghachi [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria]]. Ọ bụkwa onye hiwere Kisumu Environmental Champions, otu nzukọ nke na-ahụ maka nchekwa anụ ọhịa gburugburu ebe obibi na nkwado maka mgbanwe ihu igwe.

== Mmụta ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-10-30|title=Kenyan teen environmentalist among delegates to COP26|url=https://naturenews.africa/kenyan-teen-environmentalist-among-delegates-to-cop26/|accessdate=2022-12-05|work=Naturenews.africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rahimna gara akwụkwọ maka asambodo agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ya nke Kenya (KCPE) na M.A Junior Academy na 2019.[1] Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Kisumu Senior Academy ebe ọ gụchara IGCSE ya. Ugbu a ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ International Relations na Daystar University.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mirror|first=The African|date=2022-11-01|title=13 young activists fighting for climate action in Africa|url=https://theafricanmirror.africa/news/climate-warriors-13-young-activists-fighting-for-climate-action-in-africa/|accessdate=2022-12-05|work=The African Mirror|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Paullete bụ onye isi na-eme mkpọsa maka #LetLakeVictoriaBreatheAgain &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-10-30|title=Kenyan teen environmentalist among delegates to COP26|url=https://naturenews.africa/kenyan-teen-environmentalist-among-delegates-to-cop26/|accessdate=2022-12-05|work=Naturenews.africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke na-akwado mweghachi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mirror|first=The African|date=2022-11-01|title=13 young activists fighting for climate action in Africa|url=https://theafricanmirror.africa/news/climate-warriors-13-young-activists-fighting-for-climate-action-in-africa/|accessdate=2022-12-05|work=The African Mirror|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mirror|first=The African|date=2022-11-01|title=13 young activists fighting for climate action in Africa|url=https://theafricanmirror.africa/news/climate-warriors-13-young-activists-fighting-for-climate-action-in-africa/|accessdate=2022-12-05|work=The African Mirror|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=2022-03-22|title=Kenya: Youth climate activist highlights pollution on Lake Victoria|url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/03/29/kenya-youth-climate-activist-highlights-pollution-on-lake-victoria/|accessdate=2022-12-05|work=AfricaNews|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye guzobere Kisumu Environmental Champions, otu nzukọ na-eme nchedo anụ ọhịa gburugburu ebe obibi na nkwado mgbanwe ihu igwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kisumu Environmental Champs|url=https://www.climate-chance.org/en/best-pratices/kisumu-environmental-champs/|accessdate=2022-12-05|work=www.climate-chance.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Monitor|first=The Christian Science|date=2022-11-18|title=The Christian Science Monitor Daily for November 18, 2022|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Daily/2022/20221118|accessdate=2022-12-05|work=The Christian Science Monitor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye otu Wangari Maathai Foundation  ma bụrụkwa akụkụ nke Fridays For Future . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The 16-year-old activist protecting Africa's largest lake|url=https://www.wfmz.com/news/cnn/general/the-16-year-old-activist-protecting-africas-largest-lake/video_cb65e275-bd4d-5705-a384-6819481b90ad.html|accessdate=2022-12-05|work=WFMZ.com|language=en|archivedate=2022-12-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204111030/https://www.wfmz.com/news/cnn/general/the-16-year-old-activist-protecting-africas-largest-lake/video_cb65e275-bd4d-5705-a384-6819481b90ad.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Staff Reporter|date=2022-03-25|title=Young people join ProVeg International to demand food system change|url=https://farmersreviewafrica.com/young-people-join-proveg-international-to-demand-food-system-change/|accessdate=2022-12-05|work=Farmers Review Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2021, ọ nọ n'etiti ndị nnọchiteanya nọchitere anya Kenya na nzukọ COP26 nke mere na Glasgow, Scotland.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Manhandara|first=Chris|date=29 October 2021|title=Teen Environmentalist Among Delegates To COP26|work=Kenya News Agency|url=https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/teen-environmentalist-among-delegates-to-cop26/|accessdate=5 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Provisional list of registered participants|url=https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/PLOP_COP26.pdf|work=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite ==

* 2016 Green Kids Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-10-30|title=Kenyan teen environmentalist among delegates to COP26|url=https://naturenews.africa/kenyan-teen-environmentalist-among-delegates-to-cop26/|accessdate=2022-12-05|work=Naturenews.africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018 Onye nnọchi anya gburugburu ebe obibi Kisumu County  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mirror|first=The African|date=2022-11-01|title=13 young activists fighting for climate action in Africa|url=https://theafricanmirror.africa/news/climate-warriors-13-young-activists-fighting-for-climate-action-in-africa/|accessdate=2022-12-05|work=The African Mirror|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-10-30|title=Kenyan teen environmentalist among delegates to COP26|url=https://naturenews.africa/kenyan-teen-environmentalist-among-delegates-to-cop26/|accessdate=2022-12-05|work=Naturenews.africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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    <title>Sabine Marcelis</title>
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      <text bytes="27507" sha1="46wd678oks0ft55rf8oa107romqys0p" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Sabine Marcelis at the Craft x Tech Lecture Series (University of Tokyo).jpg|thumb|Sabine Marcelis ]]
Sabine Marcelis (amụrụ na 1985) bụ onye nka na onye na-emepụta ihe onye Dutch. A na-emekarị ka ọ lekwasị anya na isiokwu ndị dịka ịcha mma, ngosipụta, obosara na nghazi, na-ejikarị agba pastel, ụdị dị iche iche, elu dị nro, na ihe ndị dị ka resin, iko, na nkume, o kọwara ọrụ ya dị ka “nyocha nke ìhè, otú ọ ga-esi mepụta mmetụta na gburugburu.&quot;[1][2][3][4][5][6]

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Marcelis mụrụ na Alkmaar, Netherlands. Ọ gbagoro na Waihi, New Zealand, na ezinụlọ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 10. O mụtakwara imewe ụlọ ọrụ na Mahadum Victoria nke Wellington tupu ọ laghachite na Holland n'afọ iri abụọ ya ka o gụọ akwụkwọ na Design Academy Eindhoven. Tupu ịga n'ihu na ọrụ imewe, Marcelis na-agba ọsọ asọmpi na-esote na snowboarding nke ọkara ọkachamara.

== Ọrụ na ọrụ ndụ ==
 
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Design Academy Eindhoven na 2011, ọ hiwere Studio Sabine Marcelis na Rotterdam, ebe ọ bi na-arụ ọrụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ya arụkọla ọrụ ọnụ na ụlọ ọrụ dịka Apple, Audi, Bulgari, Céline, IKEA, Fendi, Isabel Marant, Stella McCartney, na Renault.

=== Nhazi ===
Marcelis emeela oche, ọkụ, nkwakọba ihe, na ngwa maka ụdị ndị dị ka Acerbis Design [it], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Arco, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt; BD Barcelona [es], &lt;ref name=&quot;Official-2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Stedelijk Chair Colour|url=https://sabinemarcelis.com/projects/stedelijk-chair-colour|accessdate=2025-04-08|work=Studio Sabine Marcelis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Calico Wallpaper, cc-tapis, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Established &amp; Sons, &lt;ref name=&quot;Established &amp; Sons&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sabine Marcelis|url=https://www.establishedandsons.com/designers/sabine-marcelis|accessdate=24 October 2022|work=Established &amp; Sons|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; La Prairie , &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mathmos, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt; Natuzzi, [4] na akara ụlọ Swedish Hem. [5] [6]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-19|title=Meet the Winners of the 2023 ELLE Decor International Design Awards|url=https://www.elledecor.com/life-culture/g43645944/elle-deco-international-design-awards-2023/|accessdate=2023-04-24|work=ELLE Decor|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Monocle Minute – Design Awards special|url=https://deal.town/monocle.com/the-monocle-minute-design-awards-special-P3JRU4J8X9|accessdate=2023-04-29|work=[[Monocle (brand)|Monocle magazine]]|language=en|archivedate=2023-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429171536/https://deal.town/monocle.com/the-monocle-minute-design-awards-special-P3JRU4J8X9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Smee|first=Jessica|date=26 November 2024|title=Dezeen Awards 2024 Designers of the Year winners announced|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/11/26/dezeen-awards-2024-designers-of-the-year-winners/|accessdate=28 November 2024|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2022 o mepụtara nchịkọta oriọna na ihe eji eme ụlọ maka Ikea nke gụnyere &quot;arịa, iko champagne ... iko, ihe ọṅụṅụ na-aṅụ iko na carafes, efere iko dị ka donut ... mpempe akwụkwọ na tapị dị ala ... shelf na trays yana tebụl kọfị nke na-eṅomi Candy Cubes a ma ama nke onye mmepụta ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2026, ọ laghachiri &quot;ìhè-ihe ngosi ugbu a&quot; site na ''Varmblixt'' mbụ ('ìhè ọkụ') nchịkọta, na-ezigharị dị ka ihe dị elu, ihe dị ka ihe ngosi mbụ, ihe ngosi &quot;nke nwere ọgụgụ isi&quot; (nke nwere ike imepụta ihe dị elu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2024, ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ''Oche Stedelijk'' dị na Amsterdam nyere Marcelis ọrụ ịmepụta ihe ọhụrụ. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ oche na-emepụta aluminum a na-akpọ Stedelijk Chair. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A tọhapụrụ ụdị ntụ ntụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ na agba dị iche iche na 2025.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Official-2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe owuwu ===
Na 2019, a kpọrọ Marcelis ka ọ sonye na mmemme Interventions nke Mies van der Rohe Foundation, bụ usoro ihe ngosi nwa oge na Barcelona Pavilion nke gosipụtara ndị nka na ndị na-emepụta ụlọ dịka Ai Weiwei, Enric Miralles, na Ryue Nishizawa. Ọrụ ya bụ otu akụkụ nke akpọrọ &quot;No Fear of Glass&quot;, nke na-egosi akwụkwọ Josep Quetglas Riusech nke 2001 gbasara ụlọ ahụ &quot;Fear of Glass&quot;.

O mepụtara ihe ntinye nwa oge akpọrọ &quot;Swivel&quot; na St Giles Square na London maka 2022 London Design Festival.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2022, Vitra Design Museum mere &quot;Colour Rush! An Installation by Sabine Marcelis&quot; ebe ọ haziri ihe dịka 400 nke e debere na Schaudepot [de] ihe ngosi ụlọ nkwakọba ihe site na agba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;www.design-museum.de&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Colour Rush! An Installation by Sabine Marcelis|url=https://www.design-museum.de/en/exhibitions/detailpages/colour-rush-an-installation-by-sabine-marcelis.html|accessdate=17 February 2023|work=[[Vitra Design Museum]]|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SURFACE-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-05-16|title=What If Design History Was Rearranged by Color?|url=https://www.surfacemag.com/articles/sabine-marcelis-vitra-schaudepot-colour-rush/|accessdate=2023-03-30|work=[[Surface (magazine)|Surface]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:2024_Gestapelde_Vondelfontein,_Asd_(E).jpg|thumb|Isi iyi mmiri maka Solid Nature, Vondelpark, Amsterdam (2024) &lt;ref name=&quot;Zeitoun-2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Zeitoun|first=Lea|date=2024-09-06|title=sabine marcelis upcycles stone slabs into towering fountain at amsterdam's vondelpark|url=https://www.designboom.com/art/sabine-marcelis-stone-slabs-towering-fountain-amsterdam-vondelpark-solidnature-09-06-2024/|accessdate=2024-09-15|work=[[Designboom]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
N'afọ 2024, High Museum of Art gbakwunyere Marcelis's Panorama na usoro ihe osise dị egwu n'èzí ruo afọ iri. Ọrụ kinetic, ihe mejupụtara nnukwu ogidi anọ na-acha ọbara ọbara na oroma, &quot;na-agafe ókèala dị n'etiti nka na imewe&quot;. Dị ka ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ahụ si kwuo, ọ bụ &quot;ọrụ mbụ dị egwu na nke na-eme ''Ihe nkiri''&quot;. Ndị na-ese ihe ndị ọzọ nyere aka na usoro ahụ, nke a na-eme na Carroll Slater Sifly Piazza nke Woodruff Arts Center, gụnyere Tanya Aguiñiga, Ignacio Cadena, Héctor Esrawe, Jaime Hayon, [[Bryony Roberts]], na Yuri Suzuki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2024, o mepụtara Stacked, isi iyi mmiri a tụrụ atụ maka Vondelpark nke Amsterdam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zeitoun-2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Zeitoun|first=Lea|date=2024-09-06|title=sabine marcelis upcycles stone slabs into towering fountain at amsterdam's vondelpark|url=https://www.designboom.com/art/sabine-marcelis-stone-slabs-towering-fountain-amsterdam-vondelpark-solidnature-09-06-2024/|accessdate=2024-09-15|work=[[Designboom]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ntinye ya na 2025 maka Apple, nke jikọtara ma ihe ngosi na galley nke Apple Park Observatory nke gụnyere &quot;prismatic polyester resin, glace na-acha odo odo, na nyocha agba acrylic doro anya&quot;, yana mgbakwunye nke obelisk yiri ihe ọkpụkpụ ọha na eze na Apple Park, a kpọrọ ya &quot;Apple's most Instagrammable new launch&quot; site na magazin Wallpaper * .&lt;ref name=&quot;Han-2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Han|first=Gregory|date=1 October 2025|title=Apple’s most Instagrammable launch? Sabine Marcelis’ installations – clearly|url=https://www.wallpaper.com/design-interiors/sabine-marcelis-apple-park-installations|accessdate=6 October 2025|work=[[Wallpaper (magazine)|Wallpaper]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe ngosi na nchịkọta ===
[[Faịlụ:Yokan_by_Kawatsura_Shikki_x_Sabine_Marcelis_04.jpg|thumb|''Yōkan'' e mere maka Kawatsura Shikki, Prince Consort Gallery, V&amp;amp;amp;A (2024) &lt;ref name=&quot;V&amp;A Museum&quot; /&gt;

E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na gallery dị ka Etage Projects na Copenhagen, &lt;ref name=&quot;Etage&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sabine Marcelis|url=https://live-etage.pantheonsite.io/artists/sabine-marcelis/|accessdate=19 February 2023|work=Etage|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gallery Collectional na Dubai, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Side Gallery na Barcelona, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt; Carwan Gallery na Gris, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gallery Sally Dan-Cuthbert na Australia, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Design Miami. [3]&lt;ref name=&quot;Design Miami-2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sabine Marcelis, Yōkan, 2024|url=https://designmiami.com/galleries/craft-x-tech|accessdate=2024-06-19|work=Design Miami|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2023, o mepụtara &quot;ụdị nka&quot; pụrụ iche nke Renault Twingo nke egosiri na Pompidou Centre na Paris.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-19|title=Meet the Winners of the 2023 ELLE Decor International Design Awards|url=https://www.elledecor.com/life-culture/g43645944/elle-deco-international-design-awards-2023/|accessdate=2023-04-24|work=ELLE Decor|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Monocle Minute – Design Awards special|url=https://deal.town/monocle.com/the-monocle-minute-design-awards-special-P3JRU4J8X9|accessdate=2023-04-29|work=[[Monocle (brand)|Monocle magazine]]|language=en|archivedate=2023-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429171536/https://deal.town/monocle.com/the-monocle-minute-design-awards-special-P3JRU4J8X9}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe osise asatọ nke Marcelis mepụtara maka 2023 Mille Miglia, nke o mekwara ihe nrite ndị mmeri, nyere obodo Brescia ma gosipụta Cloister nke Mahadum Brescia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2024, her collaboration with traditional Japanese lacquerware artisans [[Kawatsura Shikki]] was included in a Tokyo exhibition at Kudan House called ''Craft x Tech Tohoku Project''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sartin-2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sartin|first=Clare|date=24 February 2025|title=Why you're about to fall in love with Japanese design all over again|url=https://www.elledecoration.co.uk/design/a63903370/japanese-design-uk/|accessdate=2025-03-03|work=ELLE Decoration|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; The work, a series titled ''Yōkan'', includes three pieces – two tables and a wall mounted abstract piece, all made using traditional ''Urushi'' lacquer on hand-crafted wood.&lt;ref name=&quot;Design Miami-2024&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LDF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chicco|first=Gianfranco|date=11 September 2024|title=Prefecture Makes Perfect|url=https://londondesignfestival.com/stories/prefecture-makes-perfect|accessdate=2024-10-08|work=[[London Design Festival]]|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt; The show was curated by Maria Cristina Didero and included works by Studio Swine, [[Ini Archibong]], Yoichi Ochiai, [[Hideki Yoshimoto]], and Michael Young.&lt;ref name=&quot;Demetriou-2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Demetriou|first=Danielle|date=2 June 2024|title=Craft x Tech elevates Japanese craftsmanship with progressive technology|url=https://www.wallpaper.com/design-interiors/craft-x-tech-debut-japanese-craft-contemporary-design|accessdate=31 October 2024|work=[[Wallpaper (magazine)|Wallpaper]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-19|title=Meet the Winners of the 2023 ELLE Decor International Design Awards|url=https://www.elledecor.com/life-culture/g43645944/elle-deco-international-design-awards-2023/|accessdate=2023-04-24|work=ELLE Decor|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Monocle Minute – Design Awards special|url=https://deal.town/monocle.com/the-monocle-minute-design-awards-special-P3JRU4J8X9|accessdate=2023-04-29|work=[[Monocle (brand)|Monocle magazine]]|language=en|archivedate=2023-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429171536/https://deal.town/monocle.com/the-monocle-minute-design-awards-special-P3JRU4J8X9}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Yōkan'' was subsequently exhibited at, Design Miami, the Victoria and Albert museum during the London Design Festival, and in the Netherlands Pavilion at Expo 2025 in Osaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Smee|first=Jessica|date=26 November 2024|title=Dezeen Awards 2024 Designers of the Year winners announced|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/11/26/dezeen-awards-2024-designers-of-the-year-winners/|accessdate=28 November 2024|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;V&amp;A Museum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Craft x Tech Tohoku Project, Prince Consort Gallery, V&amp;A South Kensington|url=https://www.vam.ac.uk/event/lEewgBJ93P/ldf-craft-x-tech-sept-2024|accessdate=2024-09-15|work=[[Victoria and Albert Museum]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2025, Museum of Modern Art gbakwunyere ''Candy Cube [d]''[d] ya na nchịkọta ya wee tinye ya na Pirouette: Turning Points in Design, ihe ngosi nke gosipụtara &quot;ihe oyiyi imewe a ma ama [...] na-egosipụta oge dị mkpa n'akụkọ imewe. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;MoMA Collection&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
=== Ịkụzi ihe ===
Ọ bụ onye nduzi maka ma Women Bauhaus Collective na Lexus Design Award, ma na-akụzi na École cantonale d'art de Lausanne (ECAL).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Krause-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Krause|first=Bettina|date=2022-06-21|title=Art Basel 2022 : Sabine Marcelis et les femmes célèbrent le Bauhaus contemporain|url=https://www.admagazine.fr/adactualites/article/art-basel-2022-sabine-marcelis-et-les-femmes-a-lhonneur-du-bauhaus-contemporain|accessdate=2024-12-31|work=AD Magazine|language=fr-FR}}
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Onye mmekọ ya bụ onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ [[Paul Cournet (architect)|Paul Cournet]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha nwere nwa nwoke amụrụ n'oge ọrịa COVID. Marcelis kwuru na ihe ya a na-akpọ &quot;Boa&quot;, ihe dị ka torus, na-enyere ya aka ịmụta otú e si aga ije. Ọ bụkwa ebe zuru oke iji debe ya n'enweghị nsogbu ma ọ bụrụ na m ga-ahapụ ụlọ ahụ ngwa ngwa. &quot;  Ha nwekwara nwa nwanyị, onye amụrụ na 2024. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, Marcelis bụ Onye na-agba snowboard.&lt;ref name=&quot;Interior Design-2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=Fall 2019|title=Studio Sabine Marcelis|url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;AuthType=shib&amp;db=asu&amp;AN=137803271&amp;authtype=sso&amp;custid=s3818721&amp;site=ehost-live&amp;scope=site&amp;custid=s3818721|journal=Interior Design|volume=90|issue=11|pages=15}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na magazin Surface, ọ na-ekwu na ojiji o ji ugogbe snowboarding mee ka ọ ghọta mmetụta dị ike na-enwe na gburugburu ebe obibi mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;SURFACE-2022&quot;/&gt; Nke a nyeere ya aka ịzụlite ọrụ ya akpọrọ &quot;Colour Rush&quot; nke e wepụtara na Mee 2022 na Vitra Design Museum.  &lt;ref name=&quot;SURFACE-2022&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;www.design-museum.de&quot;/&gt;

N'ụzọ doro anya, Marcelis kwukwara na mmụọ nsọ ya sitere n'aka onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ bụ Hans Hollein maka ọrụ ya ọ bụghị naanị na ụlọ kamakwa ọrụ ya na ọla.&lt;ref name=&quot;SURFACE-2022&quot;/&gt;

== Onyinye ==
 

* 2019 GQ Men of the Year Awards &quot;International Artist of the Year&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Panorama|url=https://high.org/exhibition/panorama/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[High Museum of Art]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019 Elle Deco International Design Award &quot;Young Designer of the Year&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Elle Deco International Design Awards&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=SABINE MARCELIS|url=https://www.edida-awards.com/designer/marcelis-sabine|accessdate=24 October 2022|work=Elle Deco International Design Awards|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019 Designboom Design Prize &quot;Best Design Newcomer&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sirlin|first=Deanna|date=1 August 2024|title=An artist's experiments with light: 'Panorama' at the Woodruff|url=https://www.artsatl.org/an-artists-experiments-with-light-panorama-at-the-woodruff/|accessdate=31 August 2024|work=ArtsATL}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020 Wallpaper* &quot;Onye na-ese ihe nke Afọ&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eberhardt|first=Ellen|date=30 July 2024|title=Sabine Marcelis creates rotating installation for High Museum of Art|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/07/30/sabine-marcelis-panorama-high-museum-of-art/|accessdate=2024-08-31|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2022 Architectural Digest &quot;AD100&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Krause-2022&quot;/&gt;
* 2023 Elle Deco International Design Award &quot;Designer of the Year&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-19|title=Meet the Winners of the 2023 ELLE Decor International Design Awards|url=https://www.elledecor.com/life-culture/g43645944/elle-deco-international-design-awards-2023/|accessdate=2023-04-24|work=ELLE Decor|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2023 Monocle Magazine &quot;Onye na-emepụta ihe n'afọ&quot;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Monocle Minute – Design Awards special|url=https://deal.town/monocle.com/the-monocle-minute-design-awards-special-P3JRU4J8X9|accessdate=2023-04-29|work=[[Monocle (brand)|Monocle magazine]]|language=en|archivedate=2023-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429171536/https://deal.town/monocle.com/the-monocle-minute-design-awards-special-P3JRU4J8X9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Official&quot; /&gt;
* 2024 Dezeen Awards, &quot;Onye na-emepụta ihe nke afọ&quot;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Smee|first=Jessica|date=26 November 2024|title=Dezeen Awards 2024 Designers of the Year winners announced|url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/11/26/dezeen-awards-2024-designers-of-the-year-winners/|accessdate=28 November 2024|work=[[Dezeen]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Official&quot; /&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==

* {{Cite book|author=Marcelis|first=Sabine|year=2021|title=No Fear of Glass|url=https://shopmies.com/en/fundacio-mies-van-der-rohe/468-no-fear-of-glass-sabine-marcelis.html|language=en|location=Barcelons|editor=Pestellini Laparelli|publisher=Fundació Mies van der Rohe|pages=60|isbn=978-8412367096}}

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Olive Swezy</title>
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      <text bytes="4380" sha1="kfytdgpras43hqho09c0jf7378ubsa9" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Olive Swezy (b. 1878) (12484615373) (cropped wide).jpg|thumb|Olive Swezy]]
Olive Swezy (1878–1963) bụ onye America na-arụ ọrụ sayensị anụmanụ. Ọ gụrụ dinoflagellata na amoebas. Swezy na-arụkarị ọrụ ọnụ na Charles Kofoid na isiokwu gbasara sayensị anụmanụ a na-etinye n'ọrụ. Ọ mere nchọpụta banyere amoebas na-akpata ọrịa ma mee nchọpụta mbụ na oogenesis na Herbert McLean Evans. N'ime afọ 1940s, Swezy dere akwụkwọ na-emegide Nazism na ijide ndị Japan America n'ọgụ idebe ha n'ogige.

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Swezy na Shohola, Pennsylvania, na afọ 1878. Swezy gara Mahadum California, Berkeley, maka akwụkwọ ya na agụmakwụkwọ kọleji ya. Ọ nwetara BS na 1913, soro ya MS na 1914. Na 1915, a họpụtara ya PhD na akwụkwọ ndụ ihe ọmụma na Berkeley, ya na ọrụ nyocha ya aha ya bụ The Kinetonucleus of Flagellates and the Binuclear Theory of Hartmann. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị agụmakwụkwọ ya, Swezy gara n'ihu na nchọpụta ya n'okpuru nduzi Charles Kofoid, onye bụ onye isi nke abụọ nke akwụkwọ ndụ ihe ọmụma.

E mechara họpụta Swezy dịka onye enyemaka na Ngalaba Zoology na Berkeley tupu ọ malite ọrụ dịka onye nduzi enyemaka, ya na William Ritter, na Marine Biological Laboratory (nke a maara dị ka 'Scripps') na La Jolla. Swezy rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ nnyocha Kofoid. Akwụkwọ ozi ya na Ritter gosiri na o siri ike igosi onwe ya dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị kama ịbụ onye a na-ahụ dịka onye na-ede akwụkwọ Scripps nke na-arụ ọrụ nwa oge.[1] N'ihe dị ka afọ 1917, n'okpuru nduzi nke Kofoid, ọ malitere ịmụ dinoflagellata na Scripps. Onyinye Kofoid na-enwetakarị nkwanye ùgwù karịa nke Swezy.[1] Na 1921, a nabatara Swezy dị ka onye edemede so dee akwụkwọ na peeji 583 nke aha ya bụ The Free-Living Unarmed Dinoflagellata, nke dabere na nyocha iri afọ abụọ. N'akụkọ ya nye onyeisi oche nke Mahadum California, Ngalaba Zoology kpọrọ akwụkwọ ahụ &quot;ihe omume kachasị mkpa n'otu ọganihu&quot; n'afọ ahụ.[1] Otu akụkọ ndụ sitere na National Academy of Sciences gbasara Kofoid mesiri ike ọrụ nke mgbalị mmekorita dị n'etiti Swezy na Kofoid rụrụ n'ọrụ ọkachamara ya: &quot;Otuto kachasị mkpa o nyere na nhazi protozoan bụ n'oge mmekọrịta ya na Olive Swezy&quot;.[1] N'ime afọ 1920 niile, Swezy gara n'ihu na-arụkọ ọrụ na Kofoid, na-ebipụta akwụkwọ gbasara ọtụtụ isiokwu metụtara ọrụ anụmanụ e tinyere n'ọrụ ya. O dekwara ma soro dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na-elekwasị anya na nje na amoebae eriri afọ.[1]

Swezy na Kofoid chọpụtara ụdị ọhụrụ nke amoebic dysentery, nke metụtara amoebic dysentery nke metụtara ndị agha America na Philippines n'oge Agha Spanish-American. Ọ bụ ihe kpatara isii nke ọrịa dysentery ka e chọpụtara.[1] Na 1924, Swezy na Kofoid nyochara amoebae ndị nwere ike ịbanye n'ime ahụ mmadụ site n'ịga n'ime mmiri ma ọ bụ nri ndị e mebiri emebi wee bute ọnya ma ọ bụ abscesses n’ime afọ, arthritis na rheumatism.[2] Na 1929, a kọrọ na Swezy na Herbert McLean Evans chọpụtara na ndị mmadụ na-enwekarị kromosome iri anọ na asatọ, nke kpebisiri ike ụdị nwoke na nwanyị nke mmadụ, na na ha adịghị ejikọta ya na cancer.[3] Ọ bụghị ruo 1955 ka Joe Hin Tjio chọpụtara na e nwere kromosome mmadụ iri anọ na isii n'ozuzu ya.[4]

N'afọ 1940, Swezy dere akwụkwọ ozi o degaara ''Oakland Tribune'' banyere &quot;ihe ize ndụ nke Nazism&quot;. O dere otu edemede na 1942 nke mere mkpesa megide ndị Japan America a manyere ịbanye n'ogige ndị mkpọrọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Humphreys|first=Sheila M.|date=November 2022|title=Early Women PhDs in Zoology at UC, 1902–1927|url=https://150w.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/humphreys_early_women_zoology_phds.pdf|work=150 Years of Women at Berkeley|accessdate=January 21, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ pụtara na 1944 American Men of Science . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=July 9, 1921|title=Discover New Cause of Dysenteric Infection|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/merced-express/163545392/|work=Merced Press|accessdate=January 21, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Swezy nwụrụ na 1963.&lt;ref name=&quot;Early&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe odide ==</text>
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    <title>Isabella Abbott</title>
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      <text bytes="21130" sha1="dzuf2ukcy3i44p6vjles1xr2tz502w8" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:PMNM Dr. Isabella Abbott (49946278311).jpg|thumb|Isabella Abbott]]
'''Isabella Aiona Abbott''' (Abalị iri abụọ nke ọnwa Juunu afọ 1919 - abalị iri abụọ na asatọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba, 2010) bụ onye nkuzi, ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ahụike, na [[Ethnobotany|ọkà mmụta banyere ọdịbendị mmadụ]] si Hawaii. Nwanyị mbụ si Hawaii nwetara PhD na [[Amamihe|sayensị]], &lt;ref name=&quot;sesq&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tsai|first=Michael|date=July 2, 2006|title=Isabella Abbott|url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/150/sesq6abbott|accessdate=November 4, 2010|work=[[Honolulu Advertiser]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọ ghọrọ ọkachamara kachasị elu na algae mmiri Pacific. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Howe|first=Kevin|date=November 17, 2010|title='Seaweed lady' Isabella Abbott dies: Scientist studied algae at Hopkins Marine Station|url=https://www.montereyherald.com/2010/11/17/seaweed-lady-isabella-abbott-dies/|accessdate=December 8, 2010|work=[[The Monterey County Herald|Monterey Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Abbott '''Isabella Kauakea Yau Yung Aiona''' na Hana, Maui, Ókèala nke Hawaii, n' abalị iri abụọ nke ọnwa Junnu afọ 1919. Aha ya na Hawaii pụtara &quot;mmiri ozuzo ọcha nke Hana&quot; a makwaara ya dị ka &quot;Izzy&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;stanford&quot; /&gt; Nna ya bụ onye China ebe nne ya bụ onye Hawaii . Nne ya kụziiri ya gbasara ahịhịa mmiri Hawaii a na-eri eri &lt;ref name=&quot;stanford&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bergeron|first=Louis|date=December 7, 2010|title=Isabella Abbott, world-renowned Stanford algae expert, dies at 91|url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2010/december/izzie-abbott-obit-120710.html|accessdate=December 7, 2010|work=Stanford Report|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; na uru na ụdị dị iche iche nke osisi Hawaii. Abbott bụ naanị nwa agbọghọ na nke abụọ kacha nta n'ime ezinụlọ nwere ụmụnne asatọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Crites|first=Jennifer|date=October 21, 2010|title=Pioneering professor is first lady of limu|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/malamalama/2010/10/isabella-abbott/|accessdate=November 4, 2010|work=Malamalama: The Light of Knowledge|publisher=[[University of Hawaiʻi]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O tolitere na Honolulu dị nso na Waikiki, wee gụchaa akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọKamehameha n'afo 1937. &lt;ref name=&quot;sesq&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tsai|first=Michael|date=July 2, 2006|title=Isabella Abbott|url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/150/sesq6abbott|accessdate=November 4, 2010|work=[[Honolulu Advertiser]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;stanford&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bergeron|first=Louis|date=December 7, 2010|title=Isabella Abbott, world-renowned Stanford algae expert, dies at 91|url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2010/december/izzie-abbott-obit-120710.html|accessdate=December 7, 2010|work=Stanford Report|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara akara ugo mmụta mahadum ya na nkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ na Mahadum Hawaiʻi dị na Mānoa n'afọ 1941, &lt;ref name=&quot;stanford&quot; /&gt; nweta akara ugo mmụta masta na nkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ na Mahadum Michigan n'afọ 1942, na Dọkịta nke nkà Ihe Ọmụma na nkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ na Mahadum California, Berkeley n'afọ 1950. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Howe|first=Kevin|date=November 17, 2010|title='Seaweed lady' Isabella Abbott dies: Scientist studied algae at Hopkins Marine Station|url=https://www.montereyherald.com/2010/11/17/seaweed-lady-isabella-abbott-dies/|accessdate=December 8, 2010|work=[[The Monterey County Herald|Monterey Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;stanford&quot; /&gt; Ọ lụrụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara anụmanụ bụ Donald Putnam Abbott (1920–1986), onye bụ nwa akwụkwọ ibe ya na Mahadum Hawaiʻi yana Berkeley. Di na nwunye ahụ kwagara Pacific Grove, California ebe di ya kụziri ihe na ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Hopkins nke Mahadum Stanford na-achịkwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Blinks|first=Lawrence|date=1986|title=Memorial Resolution: Donald Putnam Abbott 1920–1986|url=http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705143303/http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2010|accessdate=December 8, 2010|work=[[Hopkins Marine Station]]|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe ọ bụ na n'oge ahụ, a naghị ewere ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị a ga-enye ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ, o tinyere oge na-azụ nwa ya nwanyị bụ Annie Abbott Foerster, mgbe ọ na-amụ algae dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri California. O mere ka ntụziaka nri dị iche iche sikwuo ike iji ahịhịa mmiri ehi ( ''Nereocystis'' ) nke obodo ahụ mee ihe n'ihe oriri dịka achịcha na pickles. &lt;ref name=&quot;stanford&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'afọ 1966, ọ ghọrọ onye otu nyocha ma kuzie dịka onye nkuzi na Hopkins. O chịkọtara akwụkwọ gbasara algae mmiri nke Monterey peninsula, nke mechara gbasaa iji gụnye akụkụ niile nke California. Otu Botanical nke America nyere ya ihe nrite Darbaker n'afọ 1969. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Blinks|first=Lawrence|date=1986|title=Memorial Resolution: Donald Putnam Abbott 1920–1986|url=http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705143303/http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2010|accessdate=December 8, 2010|work=[[Hopkins Marine Station]]|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1972, Mahadum Stanford kwalitere ya ozugbo na prọfesọ zuru oke nke Biology, ebe ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ na onye mbụ nwere agba n'ọkwa a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Johnston |first=Healoha|date=3 May 2021|title=Marine Botanist Isabella Aiona Abbott and More Women to Know this Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month|url=https://womenshistory.si.edu/blog/marine-botanist-isabella-aiona-abbott-and-more-women-know-asian-american-and-pacific-islander-heritage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718133609/https://womenshistory.si.edu/stories/marine-botanist-isabella-aiona-abbott-and-more-women-know-asian-american-and-pacific-islander|archivedate=18 July 2023|accessdate=2 August 2021|work=[[Smithsonian American Women's History Museum]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1982, Abbotts abụọ lara ezumike nká wee laghachi Hawaii, ebe Mahadum Hawaii were ya n'ọrụ ka ọ kuziere [[ethnobotany]], mmekọrịta mmadụ na osisi. &lt;ref name=&quot;stanford&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bergeron|first=Louis|date=December 7, 2010|title=Isabella Abbott, world-renowned Stanford algae expert, dies at 91|url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2010/december/izzie-abbott-obit-120710.html|accessdate=December 7, 2010|work=Stanford Report|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O dere akwụkwọ asatọ na ihe karịrị akwụkwọ otu narị na iri ise. A na-ewere ya dị ka ọkachamara kachasị elu n'ụwa na ahịhịa mmiri Hawaiian, nke a maara n'asụsụ Hawaiian dị ka ''limu'' . A na-enye ya otuto maka ịchọpụta ihe karịrị ụdị narị abụọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ aha ya, gụnyere ụdị ''Abbottella'' ezinụlọ Rhodomelaceae (red algae). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Crites|first=Jennifer|date=October 21, 2010|title=Pioneering professor is first lady of limu|url=http://www.hawaii.edu/malamalama/2010/10/isabella-abbott/|accessdate=November 4, 2010|work=Malamalama: The Light of Knowledge|publisher=[[University of Hawaiʻi]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a mere ka ọ nwee aha ntutu &quot;First Lady of Limu.&quot;

N'afọ 1993, o nwetara ihe nrite Charles Reed Bishop, n'afọ 1997 o nwetara ihe nrite Gilbert Morgan Smith site na National Academy of Sciences . &lt;ref name=&quot;Morgan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=|title=Gilbert Morgan Smith Medal|url=https://nasonline.org/programs/awards/gilbert-morgan-smith-medal.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926152240/https://nasonline.org/programs/awards/gilbert-morgan-smith-medal.html|archivedate=26 September 2023|accessdate=16 February 2011|work=[[National Academy of Sciences]]|publisher=|quote=Isabella A. Abbott (1997)}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Blinks|first=Lawrence|date=1986|title=Memorial Resolution: Donald Putnam Abbott 1920–1986|url=http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705143303/http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2010|accessdate=December 8, 2010|work=[[Hopkins Marine Station]]|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ Prọfesọ Wilder nke Botany site n&lt;nowiki&gt;''afọ 1980 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1982, mgbe ya na di ya kwagara Hawaii ebe ọ gara n'&lt;/nowiki&gt;ihu na nyocha ya dị ka prọfesọ nke ihe ọkụkụ na Mahadum Hawaii. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Blinks|first=Lawrence|date=1986|title=Memorial Resolution: Donald Putnam Abbott 1920–1986|url=http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705143303/http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2010|accessdate=December 8, 2010|work=[[Hopkins Marine Station]]|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; O jere ozi na bọọdụ ndị isi nke Bernice P. Bishop Museum . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Blinks|first=Lawrence|date=1986|title=Memorial Resolution: Donald Putnam Abbott 1920–1986|url=http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705143303/http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2010|accessdate=December 8, 2010|work=[[Hopkins Marine Station]]|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Nọvemba 1997, o dere edemede na Honolulu Star-Bulletin na-akatọ ndị nlekọta nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Kamehameha, nke dugara na nhazi ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Johnston |first=Healoha|date=3 May 2021|title=Marine Botanist Isabella Aiona Abbott and More Women to Know this Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month|url=https://womenshistory.si.edu/blog/marine-botanist-isabella-aiona-abbott-and-more-women-know-asian-american-and-pacific-islander-heritage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718133609/https://womenshistory.si.edu/stories/marine-botanist-isabella-aiona-abbott-and-more-women-know-asian-american-and-pacific-islander|archivedate=18 July 2023|accessdate=2 August 2021|work=[[Smithsonian American Women's History Museum]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Blinks|first=Lawrence|date=1986|title=Memorial Resolution: Donald Putnam Abbott 1920–1986|url=http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705143303/http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2010|accessdate=December 8, 2010|work=[[Hopkins Marine Station]]|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1988, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye otu nke American Association for the Advancement of Science . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Historic Fellows: AAAS Featured Fellow for May: Isabella Aiona Abbott (1919-2010)|url=https://www.aaas.org/fellows/historic|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605071139/https://www.aaas.org/fellows/historic|archivedate=5 June 2022|accessdate=17 June 2022|work=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2005, Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii kpọrọ ya &quot; Living Treasury of Hawaii&quot; . &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=16 January 2005 |title=Six named Living Treasures |url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2005/Jan/16/ln/ln19p.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122095636/http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2005/Jan/16/ln/ln19p.html |archive-date=22 November 2022 |access-date=4 November 2010 |newspaper=[[Honolulu Advertiser]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=19 January 2023 |title=BOR approves naming Life Sciences Building after 'First Lady of Limu' |url=https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2023/01/19/isabella-aiona-abbott-life-sciences-building/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625001250/https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2023/01/19/isabella-aiona-abbott-life-sciences-building/ |archive-date=25 June 2023 |access-date=21 January 2024 |website=[[University of Hawaiʻi]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ewere ya dị ka onye kacha nwee ikike n'ihe gbasara algae dị na mpaghara Pacific Ocean, na 2008, ọ natara ihe nrite ihe nrite ndụ ya niile site n'aka Ngalaba Ala na Akụrụngwa Okike nke Hawaii maka ọmụmụ ihe ya gbasara coral reefs. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Blinks|first=Lawrence|date=1986|title=Memorial Resolution: Donald Putnam Abbott 1920–1986|url=http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705143303/http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2010|accessdate=December 8, 2010|work=[[Hopkins Marine Station]]|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị otu ndị ọchịchị nke Mahadum Hawaiʻi ji otu olu votu mee ka aha Abbott bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ Life Sciences Building bụrụ aha Abbott n'afọ 2023. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=19 January 2023|title=BOR approves naming Life Sciences Building after 'First Lady of Limu'|url=https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2023/01/19/isabella-aiona-abbott-life-sciences-building/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625001250/https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2023/01/19/isabella-aiona-abbott-life-sciences-building/|archivedate=25 June 2023|accessdate=21 January 2024|work=[[University of Hawaiʻi]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Blinks|first=Lawrence|date=1986|title=Memorial Resolution: Donald Putnam Abbott 1920–1986|url=http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705143303/http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2010|accessdate=December 8, 2010|work=[[Hopkins Marine Station]]|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnwụ ==
Isabella Kauakea Aiona Abbott nwụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba, afọ 2010 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri itoolu na otu n'ụlọ ya dị na Honolulu . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Blinks|first=Lawrence|date=1986|title=Memorial Resolution: Donald Putnam Abbott 1920–1986|url=http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705143303/http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2010|accessdate=December 8, 2010|work=[[Hopkins Marine Station]]|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinụlọ Abbott ndị fọdụrụ gụnyere ada ya bụ Annie Abbott Foerster, na otu nwa nwa ya nwanyị, ha abụọ bi na Hawaii.

Iji chekwaa ihe nketa na ọrụ Abbott dị ka ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara osisi, Mahadum Hawaiʻi guzobere agụmakwụkwọ iji kwado nnyocha gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Ethnobotany|nkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ]] na ahịhịa ndị dị na Hawaii. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Blinks|first=Lawrence|date=1986|title=Memorial Resolution: Donald Putnam Abbott 1920–1986|url=http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705143303/http://www-marine.stanford.edu/memorials/AbbottD.pdf|archivedate=July 5, 2010|accessdate=December 8, 2010|work=[[Hopkins Marine Station]]|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* Isabella A. Abbott (1947). ''Brackish-Water Algae from the Hawaiian Islands.'' Pacific Science.
* {{Cite book|author=Isabella A. Abbott|title=On Schimmelmannia from California and Japan|year=1961}}
* {{Cite book|author=Gilbert Morgan Smith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VoyaAAAAIAAJ|title=Marine Algae of the Monterey Peninsula, California|year=1969|isbn=978-0-804740197|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]}}
* Isabella A. Abbott (1970). ''Yamadaella, a new genus in the Nemaliales (Rhodophyta).'' Phycologia
* {{Cite book|author=Isabella A. Abbott|title=Contributions to the systematics of Benthic Marine Algae of the North Pacific: Proceedings of a seminar on the contributions of culture, laboratory, field and life history studies to the systematics of benthic marine algae of the Pacific; Japan–U.S. cooperative science program, August 13–16, 1971|location=Sapporo, Japan|year=1972|publisher=Japanese Society of Psychology}}
* {{Cite book|author=Isabella Aiona Abbott|title=Limu: an ethnobotanical study of some edible Hawaiian seaweeds|year=1974|publisher=Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden}}
* {{Cite book|author=Isabella A. Abbott|title=Marine Algae of California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qYrx7i02uqsC|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8047-2152-3|year=1976}}
* {{Cite book|author=Elmer Yale Dawson|title=How to know the seaweeds|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOEXAQAAMAAJ|publisher=W. C. Brown Company|year=1978|isbn=978-0-697-04892-9}}
*  
* Isabella Aiona Abbott (1990). ''A taxonomic and nomenclatural assessment of the species of Liagora (Rhodophyta, Nemaliales) in the herbarium of Lamouroux.''
* {{Cite book|author=Isabella Aiona Abbott|title=Lā'au Hawaiʻi: traditional Hawaiian uses of plants|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L295QgAACAAJ|date=March 1992|publisher=Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Press|isbn=978-0-930897-62-8}}
* {{Cite book|author=Isabella A. Abbott|title=Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds With reference to some Pacific species|year=1995|publisher=California Sea Grant College Program}} Eight volume series from an international workshop hosted by the University of Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, July 1993
* Isabella A. Abbott (April 1996). ''New Species and Notes on Marine Algae from Hawaiʻi.'' Pacific Science. University of Hawaiʻi Press.
* Isabella A. Abbott (July 1996). ''Ethnobotany of seaweeds: clues to uses of seaweeds.'' Hydrobiologia. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
* Alan J.K. Millar; Isabella A. Abbott (1997). ''The new genus and species Ossiella pacifica (Griffithsieae, Rhodophyta) from Hawaii and Norfolk Island, Pacific Ocean.'' Journal of Phycology.
* G.T. Kraft; Isabella A. Abbott (1997). ''Platoma ardreanum (Schizymeniaeae, Gigartinales) and Halymenia chiangiana (Halymeniaceae, Halymeniales), two new species of proliferous, foliose red algae from the Hawaiian Islands''. Cryptogamie, Algologie.
* Isabella Aiona Abbott (1998). ''Some new species and new combinations of marine red algae from the central Pacific.'' Phycological Research.
* {{Cite book|author=Isabella Aiona Abbott|title=Marine red algae of the Hawaiian Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUYVAQAAIAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Press|isbn=978-1-58178-003-1}}
* {{Cite book|author=Isabella Aiona Abbott|title=Marine green and brown algae of the Hawaiian Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RIwZAQAAIAAJ|date=April 2004|publisher=Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Press|isbn=978-1-58178-030-7}}
* Isabella A. Abbott; John Marinus Huisman (June 2005). ''Studies in the Liagoraceae (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) I. The genus Trichogloea.'' Phycological Research.
* M.S. Kim; I.A. Abbott (March 2006). ''Taxonomic notes on Hawaiian Polysiphonia, with transfer to Neosiphonia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta).'' Phycological Research.
* Isabella A. Abbott; David L. Ballantine (April 2006). ''Ganonema vermiculare sp nov (Liagoraceae, Rhodophyta), a new species from Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea''. Botanica Marina.
* C.F. Gurgel; R. Terada; I.A. Abbott; et al. (April 2006). ''Towards a global phylogeography of Gracilaria salicornia (gracilariaceae, rhodophyta), an invasive species in Hawaii, based on chloroplast and mitochondrial markers.'' Journal of Phycology.
* {{Cite book|editor=Craig R. Elevitch|author=Isabella Aiona Abbott|title=Traditional trees of Pacific Islands: their culture, environment, and use|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Grw4g0-h54C|date=June 2006|publisher=Permanent Agriculture Resources|isbn=978-0-9702544-5-0}}
* Isabella Aiona Abbott; John Marinus Huisman; Celia M. Smith (2007). [https://books.google.com/books/about/Hawaiian_Reef_Plants.html?id=DfgUAQAAIAAJ ''Hawaiian Reef Plants''.] Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaiʻi Sea Grant College Program.
* Roy T. Tsuda; Isabella A. Abbott; Peter S. Vroom; et al. (April 2008). ''Additional marine benthic algae from Howland and Baker Islands, central Pacific.'' Pacific Science.
* Roy T. Tsuda; Isabella A. Abbott; Peter S. Vroom; et al. (October 2010). ''Marine Benthic Algae of Johnston Atoll: New Species Records, Spatial Distribution, and Taxonomic Affinities with Neighboring Islands.'' Pacific Science.
* Isabella A. Abbott; David L. Ballantine; Daniel C. O'Doherty (July 2010). ''Morphological relationships within the genus Lophocladia (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) including a description of L. kuesteri sp nov from Hawaiʻi.'' Phycologia.
* Isabella A. Abbott; David L. Ballantine (July 2012). ''Veleroa setteana, n. sp (Rhodophyta: Rhodomelaceae), from the Hawaiian Archipelago, including Notes on the Generitype.'' Pacific Science.

== Leekwa ==

* Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara agbụrụ Hawaiian
* Usoro iheomume nke ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị

== Edensibịa ==

[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2911" sha1="3d3bykphzb1rn8us1ylvvo2rfr6hgj7" xml:space="preserve">Oghere mbinye aka bụ oghere nke onye nbinye aka na-eji asụsụ ogbi. Ọ bụ oghere akụkụ atọ dị n'ihu onye nbinye aka, site n'úkwù ruo n'egedege ihu na site n'otu akụkụ nke ahụ ruo n'akụkụ nke ọzọ, ebe enwere ike ime ihe ịrịba ama. Ndị nbinye aka na-eji oghere a nọchite anya oghere anụ ahụ na iji gosipụta nhazi echiche.[1] A na-esepụta ebe dị na oghere mbinye aka na ebe dị n'ezie. A na-eji ya wepụta ozi nkịtị dị ka oge na usoro. Onye nbinye aka na-ejikwa ohere a idobe ụlọ ọrụ ndị a kpalitere n'ahịrịokwu ahụ (dịka ndị mmadụ, ihe, ụlọ na ebe) na iji gosipụta mmekọrịta ha na semantic [2]. Nke a ka a na-akpọ ntinye. Onye nbinye aka nwere ike iwebata ndị mmadụ na mkparịta ụka site na ịbanye aha ha, tinyezie ha na oghere mbinye aka. O nwekwara ike na-akpọghachi ha 'ọ' ma ọ bụ 'nwanyị' site n'ịtụ aka n'ebe o debere ha kama ịbịanye aka n'aha ha ọzọ. A na-akpọ nke a ntinye syntactic. Ojiji nke oghere mbinye aka iji gosi ebe ma ọ bụ ihe dị n'ihe gbasara ibe ya ka a na-akpọ ebe obibi tọpọgraphịk.[3]

== Asụsụ ==
Asụsụ ndị ogbi na-eji ohere atọ eme ihe maka ọtụtụ ebumnuche. A na-eji oghere a eme ihe maka ndị sonyere na mkparịta ụka, na-egosi ọrụ ụtọ asụsụ nke ndị sonyere n'ihe omume ma ọ bụ na-egosi ozi gbasara ụdị ihe omume dị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bauer, Anastasia|title=The use of signing space in a shared sign language of Australia|date=11 September 2014|isbn=978-1-61451-547-0|location=New York|oclc=879400422}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ojiji nke nnọchiaha'''

Asụsụ ndị ogbi nwere ụdị ụfọdụ iji zoo aka na ndị sonyere na mkparịta ụka (dịka onye bịanyere aka, onye na-edetara, onye na'abụghị onye adreesị). Ụdị ndị a na-agụnye n'ụzọ siri ike iji ohere akara. Site n'ịtụ aka n'obi ya, onye na-etinye aka na-ezo aka n'onwe ya. N'ọdịbendị ụfọdụ ebe ndị na-asụ asụsụ a na-asụrụ na-ezo aka n'imi ha iji mee ka ha zoo aka na onwe ha, a na-ezo anya n'imi kama. A na-ezo aka na onye na-edebanye aha ma ọ bụ onye na-abụghị onye na-ede aha site n'ịtụ ya aka. A na-eji mkpịsị aka ndesi eme ihe n'ọnọdụ ndị a. Ọ bụrụ na a na-ezo aka n'ọtụtụ ndị sonyere, ụfọdụ asụsụ ndị ogbi nwere ike iji ihe ndị ọzọ karịa mkpịsị aka ndepụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ogologo oghere akara ==
Ownere akara na-agbasa site n'elu isi onye bịanyere aka ruo n'úkwù kwụ ọtọ na site n'ikpere ruo n'ikwe aka kwụ ọtọ. A na-egosipụta ihe ịrịba ama n'elu ma ọ bụ n'ihu ahụ. Oghere ahụ nwere ike ịgbasa ruo n'ókè ahụ dum n'asụsụ ndị ogbi na ihe ịrịba ama nwere ike ịgụnye ọbụna azụ nke onye na-etinye aka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Edemsibịa ==
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    <title>Elizabeth Phillips</title>
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A mụrụ '''Siyamiyateliyot''' '''Elizabeth Phillips''' n'afọ 1939 na Cheam First Nation nke British Columbia, Kanada. Ọ bụ okenye Stó:lō Nation na onye ikpeazụ na-asụ Halq'emeleym nke ọma, asụsụ ndị Indigenous nke Fraser Valley na Fraser Canyon na British Columbia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=B.C. elder receives honorary degree for her efforts to preserve Halq'emeylem language|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/british-columbia/article-bc-elder-receives-honorary-degree-for-her-efforts-to-preserve-halq/|accessdate=2020-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; O tinyere ihe karịrị afọ iri ise n'ọrụ iji chekwaa asụsụ.

== Akụkọ Ndụ ==
Nne Phillips nwụrụ mgbe ọ na-amụ nwa, nna ya kpọtakwara ya ka ọ biri na ezinụlọ Peters na Sea Bird Island . Ezinụlọ Peters bụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Upriver Halq'emeleym nke ọma. Site na afọ 8 ruo 15, Phillips gara St. Mary's Residential School na Mission, British Columbia, ebe a machibidoro ya ịsụ Halq'emeleym. Agbanyeghị, o nwere ike ịnọgide na-asụ asụsụ ahụ nke ọma site n'iche echiche n'asụsụ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=B.C. elder receives honorary degree for efforts to keep the Halq'emeylem language alive {{!}} CBC News|language=en-US|work=CBC|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/b-c-elder-receives-honorary-degree-for-efforts-to-keep-the-halq-emeylem-language-alive-1.4694387|accessdate=2020-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri atọ na mbụ, ndị isi obodo bịakwutere Phillips ka ọ malite ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ntụgharị asụsụ maka ndị okenye. N'afọ 1980, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ịchekwa asụsụ site na Coqualeetza Cultural Education Center. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=McKenna|first=Cara|date=2016-07-15|title=Language Keeper: The last fluent speaker of Stó:lō's Indigenous dialect in race against time|url=https://www.aptnnews.ca/featured/language-keeper-the-last-fluent-speaker-of-stolos-indigenous-dialect-in-race-against-time/|accessdate=2020-12-21|work=APTN News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Phillips, ya na ndị okenye iri na otu ndị ọzọ, so ọkachamara asụsụ Brent Galloway rụkọọ ọrụ iji mepụta usoro ide ihe Halq'emeleym ma mezue akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Russell|first=Anne|title=Siyamiyateliyot Elizabeth Phillips receives UFV honorary degree for efforts to preserve Halq'eméylem language {{!}} UFV Today|url=https://blogs.ufv.ca/blog/2018/06/siyamiyateliyot-elizabeth-phillips-receives-ufv-honorary-degree-for-efforts-to-preserve-halqemeylem-language/|accessdate=2020-12-21|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRussell&quot;&gt;Russell, Anne. [https://blogs.ufv.ca/blog/2018/06/siyamiyateliyot-elizabeth-phillips-receives-ufv-honorary-degree-for-efforts-to-preserve-halqemeylem-language/ &quot;Siyamiyateliyot Elizabeth Phillips receives UFV honorary degree for efforts to preserve Halq'eméylem language | UFV Today&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-12-21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Phillips tinyere aka n'ọrụ Elizabeth Herrling, onye na-arụ ọrụ idekọ asụsụ ahụ n'akụkọ mana ọ nwụrụ tupu ọ rụchaa ọrụ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ọ na Strang Burton, ọkachamara asụsụ, arụọla ọrụ ruo afọ iri abụọ. Ha abụọ edekọọla akụkọ abụọ ahụ ma akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ahụ. Burton ejirila ultrasound nke asụsụ dekọọ mmegharị nke asụsụ Phillips iji nyere ndị mmụta aka n'ịkpọpụta okwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bliss|first=Heather|date=June 2018|title=Seeing Speech: Ultrasound-based Multimedia Resources for Pronunciation Learning in Indigenous Languages|journal=Language Documentation and Conservation|url=https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/24771|language=en-US|pages=393–429|issn=1934-5275}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Phillips ka na-agakarị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ asụsụ Halq'eméylem na Mahadum Fraser Valley na ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na mpaghara ahụ. Ọ na-enyekwa ndụmọdụ gbasara mmepe nke ọmụmụ ihe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Moore|first=Danièle|date=2013-08-22|title=Language and literacy development in a Canadian native community: Halq'eméylem revitalization in a Stó:lō head start program in British Columbia|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2013.12028.x|journal=The Modern Language Journal|volume=97|issue=3|pages=702–719|doi=10.1111/j.1540-4781.2013.12028.x|issn=0026-7902}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mahadum Fraser Valley kwadoro Phillips n'afọ 2018 site na nzere Dọkịta nke Akwụkwọ Ozi dị nsọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Mbipụta ==

* Phillips, SE, Gutierrez, XT, &amp; Russell, S. (2017). ''Ịgwa okwu n'asụsụ Halq'eméylem: Ịdekọ mkparịta ụka n'asụsụ obodo'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Phillips|first=Siyamiyateliyot Elizabeth|title=Talking in Halq'eméylem: documenting conversation in an indigenous language|date=2017|isbn=978-0-88865-281-2|language=English|oclc=1127753773}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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'''Somai Kisku''' (amụrụ na 1959) bụ onye edemede India n'asụsụ Santali. &lt;ref&gt; Somai Kisku {{Cite web|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/literaray-activities/kathasandhi.jsp|title=..:: SAHITYA : Kathasandhi ::}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị a ma ama ==

* ''Tapal'', magazin Santali na-ebipụta kwa nkeji iri na ise, malitere ibipụta ya n'okpuru nlekọta ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Agnihotri|first=Jaya|date=2011-05-13|title=Samsung Tagore Awards: Right award in write times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/samsung-tagore-awards-right-award-in-write-times/articleshow/8285164.cms?from=mdr|accessdate=2024-04-28|work=The Economic Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; Magazin a bu ihe magburu onwe ya nke akwụkwọ Santali.

== Onyinye na nsọpụrụ ==

* N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, e nyere Kisku ihe nrite Tagore Literature Awards 2010, nke [[Samsung]] guzobere na mmekorita ya na Sahitya Akademi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2011-05-10|title=Somai Kisku honoured with prestigious Tagore awards|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/somai-kisku-honoured-with-prestigious-tagore-awards/articleshow/8215795.cms|accessdate=2024-04-28|work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara onyinye a maka ọrụ ya ''Namalia'', nke mbụ e bipụtara na 2008. &lt;ref&gt; Somai Kisku Awarded with Prestigious Tagore Award {{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/somai-kisku-honoured-with-prestigious-tagore-awards/articleshow/8215795.cms|title=Somai Kisku honoured with prestigious Tagore awards|work=The Times of India|date=10 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Namalia'' na-akọwa ma na-egosi ụdị ndụ nke ndị Santal nke 'Namal'. Dabere na eziokwu, ọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere mbata nke ndị a gaa n'ógbè 'Namal' bara ọgaranya na-eto eto n'ihi iwu ihe mgbochi mmiri n'osimiri Kansavati. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-05-06|title=Writers awarded for their contribution to Indian languages|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/writers-awarded-for-their-contribution-to-indian-languages/story-YTvndI6lUXMyPr5TnmKJGL.html|accessdate=2024-04-28|work=Hindustan Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ọ natawokwa Sharada Prasad Smriti Puraskar site na Paschimbanga Santali Academy, Govt. Ọ bụ West Bengal, India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nijaswa|first=Sanwaddata|date=18 February 2021|title=Somai kisku got rewarded for his contribution in saontali-literature|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/purulia-birbhum-bankura/somai-kisku-got-rewarded-for-his-contribution-in-saontali-literature/cid/1266449|accessdate=28 April 2024|work=Anandabazar Patrika|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhazi ==
O guzobere Hooghly Zila Santali Sahitya Parisad na 1988, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Santali Sahutya Baisi. Ọ na-eduzi Santali Sahitya Baisi n'eziokwu, nraranye na ikike site na mmalite ruo ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=List of Literary Associations recognized by Sahitya Akademi|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/literary-associations_April-2023.pdf|accessdate=2024-06-22|publisher=Sahitya Akademi, Govt. of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
N'ọgwụgwụ afọ iri asatọ, oke ịda ogbenye, amaghị akwụkwọ, nsogbu ndụ kwa ụbọchị na ahụmịhe nke ọnọdụ dị adị n'oge ahụ mere ka ọ malite ide ihe.

== Edensibia ==
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'''Elizabeth Olatayo Williams''' (amụrụ na June 23, 1993) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ basketball ọkachamara nke Naịjirịa na Amerịka maka Chicago Sky nke Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) na maka Galatasaray nke Turkish Super League. Ọ gbara bọọlụ basketball kọleji maka Duke Blue Devils. Connecticut Sun nke anọ n'ozuzu ya họpụtara ya na draft WNBA nke afọ 2015.

== Ọrụ basketball nke USA ==

=== 2009 U16 Mexico City ===
A họpụtara Williams ka ọ bụrụ onye otu mbụ n'ime ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ U16 maka USA. Ndị otu ahụ so na asọmpi FIBA ​​Americas U16 Championship For Women nke mbụ emere na Mexico City, Mexico na August 2009. O duuru onye ndu otu ahụ na rebounds, na 5.2 kwa egwuregwu, ma nweta nkezi isi 13.4 kwa egwuregwu, nke abụọ kachasị elu na otu ahụ. O kewara Breanna Stewart maka ọnụọgụgụ kachasị nke blọk kwa egwuregwu, na-edekọ 7 kwa egwuregwu. O nyeere otu ahụ aka inweta ndekọ 5-0 na ihe nrite ọlaedo na asọmpi ahụ. Mmeri ahụ nwetara ohere ozugbo ịbanye na asọmpi FIBA ​​U17 World Championship nke afọ 2010. A họpụtara Williams ka ọ bụrụ onye kacha baa uru na Championship

=== 2010 U17 France ===
Williams gara n'ihu na otu ahụ ka ọ ghọrọ otu U17. Ndị otu ahụ sonyere na 2010 FIBA U17 World Championship for Women, nke emere na Rodez &amp; Toulouse, France n'oge July 2010. Williams nyeere ndị otu ahụ aka inweta ihe nrite ọla edo na ndekọ 8-0. Ọ bụ onye na-ebute ụzọ, na-enweta akara 13.5 n'egwuregwu ọ bụla ma kụọ 61.8% nke ọkpụkpụ ya, nke kachasị elu na otu ahụ na nke abụọ kachasị elu n'etiti ndị sonyere. Ọ butere ndị otu ahụ na rebounds, na-eme nkezi 7.6 kwa egwuregwu. O dekọrọ blọk iri na isii, nke abụọ kachasị elu na otu ahụ. Williams malitere ike, na-edekọ okpukpu abụọ na egwuregwu mmeghe megide France, na ọzọ, na akara 20 na rebounds 14 na egwuregwu nke abụọ megide Russia.

=== U19 World Championships Chile ===
Na 2011, a họpụtara Williams ka ọ so n'òtù egwuregwu bọọlụ basketball nke mba Amerịka n'asọmpi mba ụwa nke ụmụ afọ iri na itoolu, nke emere na Puerto Montt, Chile. USA meriri egwuregwu ise mbụ ha, mana ha emeghị nke ọma, ha meriri Canada 64–52. Ha ka ruru eru maka agba nke ihe nrite, ha wee soro France gbaa asọmpi nke abụọ. Mba Amerịka dara site na ihe ruru isi iri na atọ na mbido egwuregwu ahụ, mana ha butere ụzọ n'oge ihe karịrị otu nkeji tupu egwuregwu ahụ, ha mechara merie 70–64. Mba Amerịka butere ụzọ n'oge na ọkara ikpeazụ megide Brazil, wee merie iji ruo eru maka egwuregwu ihe nrite ọlaedo. Egwuregwu ikpeazụ bụ megide mba Spain. Williams bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu atọ nke mba Amerịka nwere isi iri na ise n'egwuregwu ahụ, ya na Stefanie Dolson na Kaleena Mosqueda-Lewis bụ ndị nyeere mba Amerịka aka imeri ihe nrite ọlaedo 69–46. Williams nwetara isi asatọ na iri itoolu na iri ise kwa egwuregwu na ihe nrite 5.0 kwa egwuregwu iji nyere mba Amerịka aka inweta ndekọ 8–1 na ihe nrite ọlaedo n'egwuregwu Championship.

== Ọrụ kọleji ==
Williams gbara bọọlụ na Duke afọ anọ. N'ime afọ ikpeazụ ya, ọ nwetara akara 14.5, 9.0 rebounds, na 2.5 assists kwa egwuregwu. Nkezi enyemaka ya bụ nke kachasị elu n'etiti ọ bụla na mba ahụ na asọmpi basketball ụmụ nwanyị nke Atlantic Coast Conference. Ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ ya na ngụkọta 426, nke itoolu kachasị elu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke NCAA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsobserver.com/sports/college/acc/duke/article18730758.html|title=Duke's Elizabeth Williams goes 4th in WNBA draft|work=newsobserver|accessdate=2017-09-15|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ WNBA ==

=== Connecticut Sun (2015) ===
Connecticut Sun dere Williams nke anọ n'ozuzu ya na 2015 WNBA draft. Oge ọhụrụ ya bụ naanị oge ya na Sun, ebe ọ na-enweta akara 3.3, 2.3 rebounds, na 0.9 blocks kwa egwuregwu.

=== Atlanta Dream (2016-2021) ===
A zụrụ ya na Atlanta Dream maka Oge WNBA nke afọ 2016. N'afọ 2016, mgbe ọ nwesịrị mmụba nke egwuregwu ọ bụla nke 11.9, 8.1 rebounds, na 2.3 blocks, ọ meriri WNBA Most Improved Player Award.

==== Mgbalị ====
Williams duziri mkpọsa basketball iji manye onye nwe otu Atlanta Senator Kelly Loeffler ka ọ gbanwee ihe ọ na-ekwu banyere Black Lives Matter. Williams sokwa na mkpọsa nke ndị egwuregwu Atlanta Dream họpụta onye iro Loeffler, Raphael Warnock, onye meriri na ntuli aka pụrụ iche nke 2020-21 maka onye omeiwu US nke Georgia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Minutaglio|first=As told to Rose|date=2021-01-04|title=Why We Dedicated the 2020 WNBA Season to #SayHerName|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/a33606649/wnba-atlanta-dream-kelly-loeffler-elizabeth-williams/|accessdate=2021-01-18|work=ELLE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Washington Mystics (2022) ===
N'otu edemede maka The Players' Tribune nke e bipụtara na Febụwarị 4, 2022, Williams kọwapụtara ọnọdụ na ezi uche ya n'azụ mkpebi ya ịbịanye aka na Washington Mystics maka oge WNBA nke asatọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theplayerstribune.com/posts/elizabeth-williams-wnba-basketball-washington-mystics-atlanta-dream|title=When Opportunity Knocks, What Do You Choose?|author=Williams|first=Elizabeth|work=[[The Players' Tribune]]|date=4 February 2022|accessdate=3 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chicago Sky (2023-dị ugbu a) ===
Na Febụwarị 3, 2023, Williams bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Chicago Sky.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chicago Sky Sign Elizabeth Williams|url=https://sky.wnba.com/news/chicago-sky-sign-elizabeth-williams|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=sky.wnba.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On June 6, 2024, Williams suffered a torn meniscus, which sidelined her for the remainder of the 2024 season.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hirsh|first=Alissa|date=2024-06-09|title=What Elizabeth Williams' torn meniscus means for the Sky|url=https://www.thenexthoops.com/features/what-elizabeth-williamss-torn-meniscus-means-for-the-chicago-sky/|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=The Next|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On September 29, 2024, Williams signed a one-year extension with the team.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chicago Sky Sign Elizabeth Williams to Contract Extension|url=https://sky.wnba.com/news/chicago-sky-sign-elizabeth-williams-to-contract-extension|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=sky.wnba.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ya na Europe ==

=== Galatasaray (2025-dị ugbu a) ===
Na June 19, 2025, ọ bịanyere aka na Galatasaray nke Turkish Women's Basketball Super League (TKBL). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.galatasaray.org/haber/basketbol/kadin-basketbol/elizabeth-williams-galatasaray-cagdas-faktoringde/57979|title=Elizabeth Williams Galatasaray Çağdaş Faktoring'de!|publisher=Galatasaray S.K.|date=June 19, 2025|accessdate=June 19, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* 2015 - Ndị otu WBCA All-America
* 2015 - WBCA National Defensive Player of the Year&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=4200&amp;ATCLID=210004290|title=Williams Selected WBCA Defensive Player of the Year|work=goduke.com|date=6 April 2015|accessdate=2016-04-08|archivedate=2012-05-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531200731/http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=4200&amp;ATCLID=210004290}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010 - MVP USA Basketball FIBA Americas U16 Championship

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
A mụrụ ya n'England n'aka nne na nna Naijiria. Nwanne Williams nke obere, Mak, gbara bọọlụ kọleji na Duke ma Charlotte Hornets họpụtara ya nke iri na ise n'ozuzu ya na 2022 NBA draft. &lt;ref name=&quot;borzello&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Borzello|first=Jeff|title=Top-5 center Mark Williams announces commitment to Duke|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/27983751/top-5-center-mark-williams-announces-commitment-duke|accessdate=June 22, 2020|work=[[ESPN]]|date=November 1, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-23|title=Hornets Select Mark Williams With 15th Pick In 2022 NBA Draft|url=https://www.nba.com/hornets/news/hornets-select-mark-williams-with-15th-pick-in-2022-nba-draft|accessdate=2022-06-26|work=www.nba.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ==
{{WNBA player statistics legend}}

=== WNBA ===

==== Oge a na-eme mgbe niile ====
''Ọnọdụ dị ugbu a ruo na ngwụcha oge 2025''{{WNBA player statistics start|caption=WNBA regular season statistics&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/wnba/players/w/williel01w.html|title=Elizabeth Williams WNBA Stats|website=[[Basketball Reference]]|publisher=[[Sports Reference]]|accessdate=15 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2015}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2015 Connecticut Sun season|Connecticut]]
| 21 || 0 || 11.7 || .528 || .000 || .560 || 3.2 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 0.9 || '''0.5''' || 3.3
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2016}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2016 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;| 34° || style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|34° || style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|'''34.7'''° || .442 || .000 || .692 || '''8.1''' || 1.2 || 0.8 || '''2.3''' || 1.2 || '''11.9'''
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2017}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2017 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| 34 || style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|34° || 31.4 || .485 || .000 || .659 || 7.2 || 1.4 || 1.1 || 2.0 || 1.4 || 10.4
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2018}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2018 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| 33 || 32 || 26.8 || '''.548''' || .000 || .563 || 5.8 || 1.4 || 0.8 || 1.8 || 1.2 || 9.1
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2019}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2019 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| 32 || 32 || 28.4 || .455 || .000 || .732 || 6.5 || 1.2  || 0.8 || 1.7 || 1.3 || 9.3
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2020}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2020 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;| 22° || style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|22° || 29.2 || .489 || .000 || '''.742''' || 5.7 || 1.4 || 0.8 || 1.4 || 1.1 || 10.1
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2021}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2021 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;| 32° || style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|32° || 23.8 || .516 || .000 || .509 || 4.9 || 1.2 || 1.1 || 1.3 || 0.8 || 5.8
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2022}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2022 Washington Mystics season|Washington]]
| 30 || 0 || 14.9 || .482 || .000 || .581 || 3.8 || 0.5 || 0.6 || 0.7 || 0.6 || 5.4
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2023}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2023 Chicago Sky season|Chicago]]
| style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|40° || style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|'''40'''° || 29.7 || .514 || .000 || .630 || 5.8 || '''2.5''' || '''1.3''' || 1.5 || 1.4 || 9.8
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2024}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2024 Chicago Sky season|Chicago]]
| 9 || 9 || 27.7 || .487 || .000 || .667 || 7.0 || 1.6 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 10.0
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2025 WNBA season|2025]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2025 Chicago Sky season|Chicago]]
| '''43''' || 15 || 21.1 || .480 || .000 || .617 || 5.2 || 1.8 || 0.7 || 0.9 || 1.3 || 8.5
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
| rowspan=2 style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Career'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| 11 years, 4 teams
| 330 || 247 || 25.7 || .488 || .000 || .645 || 5.8 || 1.4 || 0.9 || 1.5 || 1.1 || 8.6
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| All-Star
| 1 || 0 || 14.2 || .500 || .000 || .500 || 7.0 || 0.0 || 2.0 || 1.0 || 0.0 || 8.0
{{S-end}}

==== Egwuregwu ====
{{WNBA player statistics start|caption=WNBA playoff statistics}}
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2016 WNBA Playoffs|2016]]
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2016 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| 2 || 2 || '''38.5''' || .381 || — || '''.778''' || '''12.5''' || 1.5 || 0.5 || '''2.5''' || 0.5 || '''11.5'''
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2018 WNBA Playoffs|2018]]
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2018 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| '''5''' || '''5''' || 31.4 || .511 || — || .545 || 8.8 || 1.0 || '''0.6''' || 1.2 || 1.0 || 10.8
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2022 WNBA Playoffs|2022]]
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2022 Washington Mystics season|Washington]]
| 2 || 0 ||| 5.5 || '''1.000''' || — || .250 || 1.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.5 || '''0.0''' || 2.5
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2023 WNBA Playoffs|2023]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2023 Chicago Sky season|Chicago]]
| 2 || 2 || 33.0 || .286 || — || .000 || 10.0 || '''3.0''' || 0.5 || 2.0 || 1.5 || 4.0
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Career'''
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| 4 years, 3 teams
| 11 || 9 || 28.3 || .452 || — || .560 || 8.3 || 1.3 || 0.5 || 1.5 || 0.8 || 8.2
|}

=== Kọleji ===
{{WNBA player statistics start|caption=NCAA statistics&lt;ref name=&quot;NCAA Player stats&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2011–12 NCAA Division I women's basketball season|2011–12]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2011–12 Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team|Duke]]
| 33 || 33 || 30.5 || .486 || '''.500''' || .607 || 7.8 || 1.6 || '''1.5''' || '''3.5''' || 3.1 || 14.0
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2012–13 NCAA Division I women's basketball season|2012–13]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2012–13 Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team|Duke]]
| '''36''' || 32 || 29.5 || .508 || .000 || '''.695'''|| 7.3 || 1.3 || 1.1 || 3.0 || '''2.2''' || '''15.2'''
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2013–14 NCAA Division I women's basketball season|2013–14]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2013–14 Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team|Duke]]
| 35 || '''34''' || 30.5 || '''.526''' || — || .563 ||7.6 || 2.2 || 1.3 || 3.1 || 2.3 || 13.8

|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2014–15 NCAA Division I women's basketball season|2014–15]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2014–15 Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team|Duke]]
| 32 || 31 || '''32.0''' || .488 || — || .599 || '''9.0''' || '''2.5''' || '''1.5''' || 3.0 || 2.9 || 14.5
|-
|colspan=2 style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''Career'''
|| 136 || 130 || 30.6 || .502 || .333 || .619 || 7.9 || 1.9 || 1.4 || 3.1 || 2.6 || 14.4
|}

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;USA U16&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title= First FIBA Americas U16 Championship For Women -2009|url= http://www.usab.com/history/u16-womens/first-fiba-americas-u16-championship-for-women-2009.aspx|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150727011455/http://www.usab.com/history/u16-womens/first-fiba-americas-u16-championship-for-women-2009.aspx|url-status= dead|archive-date= July 27, 2015|access-date=21 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;USA U17&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=2010 FIBA U17 World Championship for Women|url=http://www.usab.com/history/u17-womens/2010-fiba-u17-world-championship-for-women.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907181833/http://www.usab.com/history/u17-womens/2010-fiba-u17-world-championship-for-women.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 7, 2015|publisher=USA Basketball|access-date=21 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=U19&gt;{{cite web|title=USA U19 Women Sprint To 69-46 Victory Over Spain, Earn 2011 FIBA U19 World Championship|url=http://www.usab.com/history/u19-womens/ninth-fiba-u19-world-championship-2011.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727011506/http://www.usab.com/history/u19-womens/ninth-fiba-u19-world-championship-2011.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 27, 2015|publisher=USA Basketball|location=Puerto Montt, Chile|date=July 31, 2011|access-date=21 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
*  
{{Galatasaray S.K. women's basketball team current roster}}{{Chicago Sky current roster}}{{navboxes|list={{2015 WNBA draft}}
{{WNBA Most Improved Player Award}}
{{USBWA National Freshman of the Year}}
{{WBCA Defensive Player of the Year}}
{{Kim Perrot Sportsmanship Award}}
{{Fenerbahçe SK 2022–23 Euroleague Women champions}}
{{McDonald's All-American Game Girls MVP}}}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Williams, Elizabeth}}
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      <text bytes="16240" sha1="g089zwv6tkq4w8pqrikactje8pj7c0s" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Elizabeth Olatayo Williams 1 Fenerbahçe Women's Basketball 20191031 (1).jpg|thumb|340x340px|Elizabeth Williams ]]
 

'''Elizabeth Olatayo Williams''' (amụrụ na June 23, 1993) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ basketball ọkachamara nke Naịjirịa na Amerịka maka Chicago Sky nke Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) na maka Galatasaray nke Turkish Super League. Ọ gbara bọọlụ basketball kọleji maka Duke Blue Devils. Connecticut Sun nke anọ n'ozuzu ya họpụtara ya na draft WNBA nke afọ 2015.

== Ọrụ basketball nke USA ==

=== 2009 U16 Mexico City ===
A họpụtara Williams ka ọ bụrụ onye otu mbụ n'ime ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ U16 maka USA. Ndị otu ahụ so na asọmpi FIBA ​​Americas U16 Championship For Women nke mbụ emere na Mexico City, Mexico na August 2009. O duuru onye ndu otu ahụ na rebounds, na 5.2 kwa egwuregwu, ma nweta nkezi isi 13.4 kwa egwuregwu, nke abụọ kachasị elu na otu ahụ. O kewara Breanna Stewart maka ọnụọgụgụ kachasị nke blọk kwa egwuregwu, na-edekọ 7 kwa egwuregwu. O nyeere otu ahụ aka inweta ndekọ 5-0 na ihe nrite ọlaedo na asọmpi ahụ. Mmeri ahụ nwetara ohere ozugbo ịbanye na asọmpi FIBA ​​U17 World Championship nke afọ 2010. A họpụtara Williams ka ọ bụrụ onye kacha baa uru na Championship

=== 2010 U17 France ===
Williams gara n'ihu na otu ahụ ka ọ ghọrọ otu U17. Ndị otu ahụ sonyere na 2010 FIBA U17 World Championship for Women, nke emere na Rodez &amp; Toulouse, France n'oge July 2010. Williams nyeere ndị otu ahụ aka inweta ihe nrite ọla edo na ndekọ 8-0. Ọ bụ onye na-ebute ụzọ, na-enweta akara 13.5 n'egwuregwu ọ bụla ma kụọ 61.8% nke ọkpụkpụ ya, nke kachasị elu na otu ahụ na nke abụọ kachasị elu n'etiti ndị sonyere. Ọ butere ndị otu ahụ na rebounds, na-eme nkezi 7.6 kwa egwuregwu. O dekọrọ blọk iri na isii, nke abụọ kachasị elu na otu ahụ. Williams malitere ike, na-edekọ okpukpu abụọ na egwuregwu mmeghe megide France, na ọzọ, na akara 20 na rebounds 14 na egwuregwu nke abụọ megide Russia.

=== U19 World Championships Chile ===
Na 2011, a họpụtara Williams ka ọ so n'òtù egwuregwu bọọlụ basketball nke mba Amerịka n'asọmpi mba ụwa nke ụmụ afọ iri na itoolu, nke emere na Puerto Montt, Chile. USA meriri egwuregwu ise mbụ ha, mana ha emeghị nke ọma, ha meriri Canada 64–52. Ha ka ruru eru maka agba nke ihe nrite, ha wee soro France gbaa asọmpi nke abụọ. Mba Amerịka dara site na ihe ruru isi iri na atọ na mbido egwuregwu ahụ, mana ha butere ụzọ n'oge ihe karịrị otu nkeji tupu egwuregwu ahụ, ha mechara merie 70–64. Mba Amerịka butere ụzọ n'oge na ọkara ikpeazụ megide Brazil, wee merie iji ruo eru maka egwuregwu ihe nrite ọlaedo. Egwuregwu ikpeazụ bụ megide mba Spain. Williams bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu atọ nke mba Amerịka nwere isi iri na ise n'egwuregwu ahụ, ya na Stefanie Dolson na Kaleena Mosqueda-Lewis bụ ndị nyeere mba Amerịka aka imeri ihe nrite ọlaedo 69–46. Williams nwetara isi asatọ na iri itoolu na iri ise kwa egwuregwu na ihe nrite 5.0 kwa egwuregwu iji nyere mba Amerịka aka inweta ndekọ 8–1 na ihe nrite ọlaedo n'egwuregwu Championship.

== Ọrụ kọleji ==
Williams gbara bọọlụ na Duke afọ anọ. N'ime afọ ikpeazụ ya, ọ nwetara akara 14.5, 9.0 rebounds, na 2.5 assists kwa egwuregwu. Nkezi enyemaka ya bụ nke kachasị elu n'etiti ọ bụla na mba ahụ na asọmpi basketball ụmụ nwanyị nke Atlantic Coast Conference. Ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ ya na ngụkọta 426, nke itoolu kachasị elu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke NCAA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsobserver.com/sports/college/acc/duke/article18730758.html|title=Duke's Elizabeth Williams goes 4th in WNBA draft|work=newsobserver|accessdate=2017-09-15|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ WNBA ==

=== Connecticut Sun (2015) ===
Connecticut Sun dere Williams nke anọ n'ozuzu ya na 2015 WNBA draft. Oge ọhụrụ ya bụ naanị oge ya na Sun, ebe ọ na-enweta akara 3.3, 2.3 rebounds, na 0.9 blocks kwa egwuregwu.

=== Atlanta Dream (2016-2021) ===
A zụrụ ya na Atlanta Dream maka Oge WNBA nke afọ 2016. N'afọ 2016, mgbe ọ nwesịrị mmụba nke egwuregwu ọ bụla nke 11.9, 8.1 rebounds, na 2.3 blocks, ọ meriri WNBA Most Improved Player Award.

==== Mgbalị ====
Williams duziri mkpọsa basketball iji manye onye nwe otu Atlanta Senator Kelly Loeffler ka ọ gbanwee ihe ọ na-ekwu banyere Black Lives Matter. Williams sokwa na mkpọsa nke ndị egwuregwu Atlanta Dream họpụta onye iro Loeffler, Raphael Warnock, onye meriri na ntuli aka pụrụ iche nke 2020-21 maka onye omeiwu US nke Georgia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Minutaglio|first=As told to Rose|date=2021-01-04|title=Why We Dedicated the 2020 WNBA Season to #SayHerName|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/a33606649/wnba-atlanta-dream-kelly-loeffler-elizabeth-williams/|accessdate=2021-01-18|work=ELLE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Washington Mystics (2022) ===
N'otu edemede maka The Players' Tribune nke e bipụtara na Febụwarị 4, 2022, Williams kọwapụtara ọnọdụ na ezi uche ya n'azụ mkpebi ya ịbịanye aka na Washington Mystics maka oge WNBA nke asatọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theplayerstribune.com/posts/elizabeth-williams-wnba-basketball-washington-mystics-atlanta-dream|title=When Opportunity Knocks, What Do You Choose?|author=Williams|first=Elizabeth|work=[[The Players' Tribune]]|date=4 February 2022|accessdate=3 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chicago Sky (2023-dị ugbu a) ===
Na Febụwarị 3, 2023, Williams bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Chicago Sky.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chicago Sky Sign Elizabeth Williams|url=https://sky.wnba.com/news/chicago-sky-sign-elizabeth-williams|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=sky.wnba.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

On June 6, 2024, Williams suffered a torn meniscus, which sidelined her for the remainder of the 2024 season.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hirsh|first=Alissa|date=2024-06-09|title=What Elizabeth Williams' torn meniscus means for the Sky|url=https://www.thenexthoops.com/features/what-elizabeth-williamss-torn-meniscus-means-for-the-chicago-sky/|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=The Next|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On September 29, 2024, Williams signed a one-year extension with the team.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chicago Sky Sign Elizabeth Williams to Contract Extension|url=https://sky.wnba.com/news/chicago-sky-sign-elizabeth-williams-to-contract-extension|accessdate=2025-02-04|work=sky.wnba.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ya na Europe ==

=== Galatasaray (2025-dị ugbu a) ===
Na June 19, 2025, ọ bịanyere aka na Galatasaray nke Turkish Women's Basketball Super League (TKBL). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.galatasaray.org/haber/basketbol/kadin-basketbol/elizabeth-williams-galatasaray-cagdas-faktoringde/57979|title=Elizabeth Williams Galatasaray Çağdaş Faktoring'de!|publisher=Galatasaray S.K.|date=June 19, 2025|accessdate=June 19, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* 2015 - Ndị otu WBCA All-America
* 2015 - WBCA National Defensive Player of the Year&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=4200&amp;ATCLID=210004290|title=Williams Selected WBCA Defensive Player of the Year|work=goduke.com|date=6 April 2015|accessdate=2016-04-08|archivedate=2012-05-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531200731/http://www.goduke.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=4200&amp;ATCLID=210004290}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010 - MVP USA Basketball FIBA Americas U16 Championship

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
A mụrụ ya n'England n'aka nne na nna Naijiria. Nwanne Williams nke obere, Mak, gbara bọọlụ kọleji na Duke ma Charlotte Hornets họpụtara ya nke iri na ise n'ozuzu ya na 2022 NBA draft. &lt;ref name=&quot;borzello&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Borzello|first=Jeff|title=Top-5 center Mark Williams announces commitment to Duke|url=https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/27983751/top-5-center-mark-williams-announces-commitment-duke|accessdate=June 22, 2020|work=[[ESPN]]|date=November 1, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-23|title=Hornets Select Mark Williams With 15th Pick In 2022 NBA Draft|url=https://www.nba.com/hornets/news/hornets-select-mark-williams-with-15th-pick-in-2022-nba-draft|accessdate=2022-06-26|work=www.nba.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ==
{{WNBA player statistics legend}}

=== WNBA ===

==== Oge a na-eme mgbe niile ====
''Ọnọdụ dị ugbu a ruo na ngwụcha oge 2025''{{WNBA player statistics start|caption=WNBA regular season statistics&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/wnba/players/w/williel01w.html|title=Elizabeth Williams WNBA Stats|website=[[Basketball Reference]]|publisher=[[Sports Reference]]|accessdate=15 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2015}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2015 Connecticut Sun season|Connecticut]]
| 21 || 0 || 11.7 || .528 || .000 || .560 || 3.2 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 0.9 || '''0.5''' || 3.3
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2016}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2016 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;| 34° || style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|34° || style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|'''34.7'''° || .442 || .000 || .692 || '''8.1''' || 1.2 || 0.8 || '''2.3''' || 1.2 || '''11.9'''
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2017}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2017 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| 34 || style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|34° || 31.4 || .485 || .000 || .659 || 7.2 || 1.4 || 1.1 || 2.0 || 1.4 || 10.4
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2018}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2018 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| 33 || 32 || 26.8 || '''.548''' || .000 || .563 || 5.8 || 1.4 || 0.8 || 1.8 || 1.2 || 9.1
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2019}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2019 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| 32 || 32 || 28.4 || .455 || .000 || .732 || 6.5 || 1.2  || 0.8 || 1.7 || 1.3 || 9.3
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2020}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2020 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;| 22° || style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|22° || 29.2 || .489 || .000 || '''.742''' || 5.7 || 1.4 || 0.8 || 1.4 || 1.1 || 10.1
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2021}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2021 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;| 32° || style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|32° || 23.8 || .516 || .000 || .509 || 4.9 || 1.2 || 1.1 || 1.3 || 0.8 || 5.8
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2022}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2022 Washington Mystics season|Washington]]
| 30 || 0 || 14.9 || .482 || .000 || .581 || 3.8 || 0.5 || 0.6 || 0.7 || 0.6 || 5.4
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2023}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2023 Chicago Sky season|Chicago]]
| style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|40° || style=&quot;background:#D3D3D3&quot;|'''40'''° || 29.7 || .514 || .000 || .630 || 5.8 || '''2.5''' || '''1.3''' || 1.5 || 1.4 || 9.8
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{wnbay|2024}}
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2024 Chicago Sky season|Chicago]]
| 9 || 9 || 27.7 || .487 || .000 || .667 || 7.0 || 1.6 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 10.0
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2025 WNBA season|2025]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2025 Chicago Sky season|Chicago]]
| '''43''' || 15 || 21.1 || .480 || .000 || .617 || 5.2 || 1.8 || 0.7 || 0.9 || 1.3 || 8.5
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
| rowspan=2 style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Career'''
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| 11 years, 4 teams
| 330 || 247 || 25.7 || .488 || .000 || .645 || 5.8 || 1.4 || 0.9 || 1.5 || 1.1 || 8.6
|- class=&quot;sortbottom&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| All-Star
| 1 || 0 || 14.2 || .500 || .000 || .500 || 7.0 || 0.0 || 2.0 || 1.0 || 0.0 || 8.0
{{S-end}}

==== Egwuregwu ====
{{WNBA player statistics start|caption=WNBA playoff statistics}}
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2016 WNBA Playoffs|2016]]
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2016 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| 2 || 2 || '''38.5''' || .381 || — || '''.778''' || '''12.5''' || 1.5 || 0.5 || '''2.5''' || 0.5 || '''11.5'''
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2018 WNBA Playoffs|2018]]
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2018 Atlanta Dream season|Atlanta]]
| '''5''' || '''5''' || 31.4 || .511 || — || .545 || 8.8 || 1.0 || '''0.6''' || 1.2 || 1.0 || 10.8
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2022 WNBA Playoffs|2022]]
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2022 Washington Mystics season|Washington]]
| 2 || 0 ||| 5.5 || '''1.000''' || — || .250 || 1.0 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0.5 || '''0.0''' || 2.5
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2023 WNBA Playoffs|2023]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[2023 Chicago Sky season|Chicago]]
| 2 || 2 || 33.0 || .286 || — || .000 || 10.0 || '''3.0''' || 0.5 || 2.0 || 1.5 || 4.0
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Career'''
|style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| 4 years, 3 teams
| 11 || 9 || 28.3 || .452 || — || .560 || 8.3 || 1.3 || 0.5 || 1.5 || 0.8 || 8.2
|}

=== Kọleji ===
{{WNBA player statistics start|caption=NCAA statistics&lt;ref name=&quot;NCAA Player stats&quot;/&gt;}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2011–12 NCAA Division I women's basketball season|2011–12]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2011–12 Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team|Duke]]
| 33 || 33 || 30.5 || .486 || '''.500''' || .607 || 7.8 || 1.6 || '''1.5''' || '''3.5''' || 3.1 || 14.0
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2012–13 NCAA Division I women's basketball season|2012–13]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2012–13 Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team|Duke]]
| '''36''' || 32 || 29.5 || .508 || .000 || '''.695'''|| 7.3 || 1.3 || 1.1 || 3.0 || '''2.2''' || '''15.2'''
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2013–14 NCAA Division I women's basketball season|2013–14]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2013–14 Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team|Duke]]
| 35 || '''34''' || 30.5 || '''.526''' || — || .563 ||7.6 || 2.2 || 1.3 || 3.1 || 2.3 || 13.8

|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2014–15 NCAA Division I women's basketball season|2014–15]]
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|[[2014–15 Duke Blue Devils women's basketball team|Duke]]
| 32 || 31 || '''32.0''' || .488 || — || .599 || '''9.0''' || '''2.5''' || '''1.5''' || 3.0 || 2.9 || 14.5
|-
|colspan=2 style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| '''Career'''
|| 136 || 130 || 30.6 || .502 || .333 || .619 || 7.9 || 1.9 || 1.4 || 3.1 || 2.6 || 14.4
|}

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;USA U16&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title= First FIBA Americas U16 Championship For Women -2009|url= http://www.usab.com/history/u16-womens/first-fiba-americas-u16-championship-for-women-2009.aspx|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150727011455/http://www.usab.com/history/u16-womens/first-fiba-americas-u16-championship-for-women-2009.aspx|url-status= dead|archive-date= July 27, 2015|access-date=21 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;USA U17&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=2010 FIBA U17 World Championship for Women|url=http://www.usab.com/history/u17-womens/2010-fiba-u17-world-championship-for-women.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907181833/http://www.usab.com/history/u17-womens/2010-fiba-u17-world-championship-for-women.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 7, 2015|publisher=USA Basketball|access-date=21 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=U19&gt;{{cite web|title=USA U19 Women Sprint To 69-46 Victory Over Spain, Earn 2011 FIBA U19 World Championship|url=http://www.usab.com/history/u19-womens/ninth-fiba-u19-world-championship-2011.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727011506/http://www.usab.com/history/u19-womens/ninth-fiba-u19-world-championship-2011.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 27, 2015|publisher=USA Basketball|location=Puerto Montt, Chile|date=July 31, 2011|access-date=21 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
*  
{{Galatasaray S.K. women's basketball team current roster}}{{Chicago Sky current roster}}{{navboxes|list={{2015 WNBA draft}}
{{WNBA Most Improved Player Award}}
{{USBWA National Freshman of the Year}}
{{WBCA Defensive Player of the Year}}
{{Kim Perrot Sportsmanship Award}}
{{Fenerbahçe SK 2022–23 Euroleague Women champions}}
{{McDonald's All-American Game Girls MVP}}}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Williams, Elizabeth}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Dencia</title>
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      <text bytes="3975" sha1="fvecptpconuzlqnexxd1f0j4a21thb0" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Dencia at billboard music awards 2015.jpg|thumb|Dencia na 2015]]
A maara Dencia nke ọma dịka (amụrụ na Machị 26, 1992) bụ onye na-abụ abụ na Cameroon/Nigeria, onye ọchụnta ego/Dj/onye na-emepụta ejiji. A mụrụ ya na Yaounde Cameroon site n'aka nne dị afọ iri na ụma, nne nne ya zụlitekwara ya mgbe ọ bụ nwa ha. Dencia mechara kwaga US mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na Hollywood site n'ịkọwapụta ya na vidiyo egwu nke ndị na-ese ihe dịka Chris Brown, 50 Cent, Lady Gaga, na Ludacris. Dencia wepụtara egwu mbụ ya bụ &quot;Beri Beri&quot; na 2011.. &lt;ref name=&quot;TheNet&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oyewusi|first=Siji|date=January 8, 2015|title=Dencia rocks heavy blonde hair at People's Choice Awards 2015|url=https://thenet.ng/dencia-rocks-heavy-blonde-hair-at-peoples-choice-awards-2015/|accessdate=May 5, 2017|publisher=[[Nigerian Entertainment Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BellaNaija&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Camerounian/Nigerian starlet Dencia releases debut single &quot;Beri Beri&quot;|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/camerouniannigerian-starlet-dencia-releases-beri-beri/|publisher=[[BellaNaija]]|date=August 24, 2011|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe, o mepụtara ọdịdị maka ndị na-ese ihe dịka [[Nicki Minaj]], [[Rihanna]], Christina Milian, Lil&quot; Mama na ndị ọzọ ma bụrụ onye a ma ama maka nkwupụta ejiji nke ya na mpụta ya na kapet na-acha ọbara ọbara na Billboard Music Awards, Grammys, na American Music Awards. &lt;ref name=&quot;NY Daily News&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Dencia|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/billboard-music-awards-2015-red-carpet-gallery-1.2225805?pmSlide=1.2225876|work=[[New York Daily News]]|date=May 17, 2015|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;E! News&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Malec|first=Brett|title=Singer Dencia Wears a Pink Hello Kitty PJ Onesie to the 2016 Grammys|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/739670/singer-dencia-wears-a-pink-hello-kitty-pj-onesie-to-the-2016-grammys-and-it-s-just-as-terrible-as-it-sounds|work=[[E! News]]|date=February 15, 2016|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Pulse NG&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Singer turns heads again in 'unique' look to American Music Awards 2016|url=https://pulse.ng/fashion/dencia-singer-turns-heads-again-in-unique-look-to-american-music-awards-2016-id5787563.html|work=Pulse.ng|author=Olarewaju|first=Olamide|date=November 21, 2016|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;US Weekly&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Billboard Music Awards 2017 Red Carpet Fashion: What the Stars Wore|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/pictures/billboard-music-awards-2017-red-carpet-what-the-stars-wore-w483435/dencia-w483459|work=[[US Weekly]]|author=Ergas|first=Talia|date=May 21, 2017|accessdate=May 26, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2012, Dencia wepụtara usoro nlekọta akpụkpọ ahụ mbụ ya, Whitenicious, nke a na-akpọkarị gụnyere ihe na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ dị mfe ma na-egbuke egbuke.&lt;ref name=&quot;Perez Hilton&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=February 10, 2014|title=This African Pop Star's Skin-Whitening Cream Just Became The Beauty Industry's Most Polarizing Product!|url=http://perezhilton.com/cocoperez/2014-02-10-whitenicious-dencia-skin-bleach-fast-acting-dark-spot-remover-africa-beauty-product-ebony#.WQynqFKZNsP|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214114856/http://perezhilton.com/cocoperez/2014-02-10-whitenicious-dencia-skin-bleach-fast-acting-dark-spot-remover-africa-beauty-product-ebony#.WQynqFKZNsP|archivedate=2014-02-14|accessdate=May 5, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dencia emeela ụdị maka ndị ọzọ a ma ama ma ugbu a o nwere ụdị 12 na-elekọta akpụkpọ ahụ n'okpuru belt na aha ya.

N'afọ 2016, Dencia mere akụkọ dị ka enyi nwanyị nke onye na-agba bọọlụ Paul Labile Pogba ka ha na-eme mkpọtụ n'otu ụlọ nkwari akụ dị na Manchester.

== edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dencia}}
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'''Diana Ifeoma Ude''' (amụrụ na 15 Febụwarị 1986) bụ onye na-abụ abụ Naịjirịa na Poland. Ọ bụ ada nne Poland na nna Naịjirịa nke agbụrụ Igbo. Ọ bịara Poland mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ, ebe ya na nne nne ya bi na Opole. Ọ gụrụ omenala na Mahadum Warsaw. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|title=Andrzej Krzywy i Ifi Ude w duecie. &quot;Od Opola do Opola&quot; w TVP1|url=http://muzyka.interia.pl/wiadomosci/news-andrzej-krzywy-i-ifi-ude-w-duecie-od-opola-do-opola-w-tvp1,nId,2549117|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301104152/http://muzyka.interia.pl/wiadomosci/news-andrzej-krzywy-i-ifi-ude-w-duecie-od-opola-do-opola-w-tvp1,nId,2549117|archivedate=1 March 2018|accessdate=28 February 2018|publisher=muzyka.interia.pl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ otu n'ime mmadụ iri sonyere na asọmpi ikpeazụ nke mba Poland maka Eurovision Song Contest 2018, na-eme egwu &quot;Love is Stronger&quot;. Na akara iri na isii, ọ bịara n'ọnọdụ nke anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.se.pl/wiadomosci/gwiazdy/eurowizja-2018-krajowe-eliminacje-kiedy-gdzie-ogladac_1041852.html|title=Eurowizja 2018 krajowe eliminacje: kiedy? Gdzie oglądać?|publisher=se.pl|accessdate=28 February 2018|archivedate=1 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164412/http://www.se.pl/wiadomosci/gwiazdy/eurowizja-2018-krajowe-eliminacje-kiedy-gdzie-ogladac_1041852.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkọwapụta ==

=== Abọm ===

* 2013: Ifi Ude''Ude a''

=== Ndị na-alụbeghị di ===

* 2013: &quot;ArkTika&quot;
* 2012: &quot;Nwa m apụọla&quot;
* 2017: &quot;Ịhụnanya siri ike&quot;

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}
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'''Vivian N. R. Okeke''' Ọ bụbu onye nnọchi anya mba Naịjirịa. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya mba Austria, Slovakia, na òtù mba ụwa dị na Vienna (dịka International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)).

== Ndụ ==
Ezinụlọ ya si Awka Anambra State. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ mmụta mba ụwa wee nweta akara ugo mmụta na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello dị na Zaria tupu ọ kwaga Lagos iji nweta akara ugo mmụta masta na Mahadum Lagos. &lt;ref name=&quot;speaker&quot; /&gt;

Oriakụ Vivian Okeke bụ onye nnọchi anya mba Naịjirịa na mba Austria, mba Slovakia nakwa onye nnọchite anya mba ụwa na Vienna.

Ọ gara Mahadum Ahmadu Bello dị na Zaria na Mahadum Lagos ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na masta na International Studies na Political Science . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Okeke|url=https://humanitariancongress.at/speaker/okeke/|accessdate=2025-06-11|work=Humanitarian Congress Vienna|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okeke rụrụ ọrụ dịka osote onye isi na-ahụ maka Kọmitii Mbụ na Ngalaba Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu nke Ministri nke Mba Ọzọ na Abuja, ebe ọ kwadoro ọrụ dị na Ngwa Agha Nuklia, Nkwekọrịta Ngwa Agha Kemịkalụ, Nkwekọrịta Ngwa Agha Biological na Ngwa Agha Mbibi Ndị Ọzọ. Oriakụ Vivian Okeke ejekwara ozi dịka onye ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Embassy Naịjirịa na Brussels, Belgium, onyeisi Chancery na Consulate General nke Naịjirịa na New York yana Minista na-ahụ maka Azụmaahịa na itinye ego na Embassy nke Naịjirịa na Washington DC.

Ọ bụ onye otu ndị nnọchi anya Naijiria na Nzukọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Ọnọdụ nke Ụmụ nwanyị na Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị na United Nations (UNGA) na Beijing na New York n'otu n'otu yana Nzukọ Ezuma nke International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) na nnọkọ oge niile nke Commission on Narcotic Drugs na Vienna kemgbe 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;speaker&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://humanitariancongress.at/speaker/okeke/|title=Okeke|work=Humanitarian Congress Vienna|language=de|accessdate=2020-02-23}}
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Ministry of Foreign Affairs na [[Abuja]] na-eduga America and Caribbean Affairs Division mgbe a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2019-11/AID2019%20-%20Biographies.pdf|title=Speakers - Africa Industrialisation Day|author=|first=|date=2019|work=UNIDO|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=23 Feb 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ọ na-enyocha, ọ pụghị ịgụ abụ mba ahụ ma a ka họpụtara ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/207582-dramatic-senate-screening-nigerian-diplomats-fail-recite-national-anthem.html|title=At dramatic Senate screening, Nigerian diplomats fail to recite national anthem - Premium Times Nigeria|date=2016-07-27|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-02-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya mba ya na [[Austria]], Republic of [[Slovakia]], na ndị otu mba ụwa dị na Vienna.&lt;ref name=&quot;speaker&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://humanitariancongress.at/speaker/okeke/|title=Okeke|work=Humanitarian Congress Vienna|language=de|accessdate=2020-02-23}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://humanitariancongress.at/speaker/okeke/ &quot;Okeke&quot;]. ''Humanitarian Congress Vienna'' (in German)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-02-23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt; O nyere onye isi ala Austria, Dr Alexander Van der Bellen, asambodo ya n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2017.

[[Abel Adelakun Ayoko]] bụ onye nnọchi anya site na 2013. 

Ọ zutere IAEA nke dị na Vienna ebe ọ kwughachiri ebumnuche Naịjirịa iji ike nuklia mepụta ọkụ eletrik ma ọ gara n'ihu n'ileghara anya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/cn-247-nigeria_statement.pdf|title=Nigeria's Statement at the International Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Power|author=Okeke|first=Vivian|date=1 October 2017|work=International Atomic Energy Agency|accessdate=23 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okeke gara nleta nke United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) nke dị na Vienna na Jenụwarị 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.unido.org/news/nigeria-farewell|title=NIGERIA - FAREWELL {{!}} UNIDO|work=www.unido.org|accessdate=2020-02-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Jenụwarị, e nwere oriri iji mee ka njedebe nke ebe obibi ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya na Vienna ebe e nyere ya asambodo ekele.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://society.at/2020/01/27/nigeria-farewell-reception/|title=Nigeria: Farewell Reception|author=Redaktion|date=2020-01-27|work=society.at|language=de-DE|accessdate=2020-02-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Okeke lụrụ Chief Simon Nsobundu Okeke (Ochendo) ma ha nwere ụmụ anọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;speaker&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://humanitariancongress.at/speaker/okeke/|title=Okeke|work=Humanitarian Congress Vienna|language=de|accessdate=2020-02-23}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://humanitariancongress.at/speaker/okeke/ &quot;Okeke&quot;]. ''Humanitarian Congress Vienna'' (in German)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-02-23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Farooq Kperogi</title>
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'''Farooq Adamu Kperogi''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1973) bụ prọfesọ Naijiria-Amerịka, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; onye edemede, ọkà mmụta mgbasa ozi, onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye na-ede blọgụ na onye na-eme mkpọsa. Ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ akụkọ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mbiputa akwụkwọ akụkọ na Naijiria gụnyere Daily Trust, Daily Triumph na nke bụ New Nigerian ugbu a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2021-03-26|title=Renowned Nigerian columnist, university teacher, Farooq Kperogi, promoted professor|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/451453-renowned-nigerian-columnist-university-teacher-farooq-kperogi-promoted-professor.html|accessdate=2021-12-18|language=en-GB|work=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Farooq Kperogi {{!}} Kennesaw State University - Academia.edu|url=https://kennesaw.academia.edu/FarooqKperogi/CurriculumVitae|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=kennesaw.academia.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka omennyocha  na Ngalaba Nnyocha na Nkwurịta Okwu nke onye isi ala n'oge [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] bụ onye isi ala ma kụzie ịchụ nta akụkọ na [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]] yana Kaduna Polytechnic. Ọ bụ prọfesọ zuru oke na ngalaba ịchụ nta akụkọ na mgbasa ozi na-apụta apụta na Mahadum Kennesaw State na Georgia, United States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2021-03-26|title=Tribune columnist, Farooq Kperogi, promoted full professor in US varsity|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/tribune-columnist-farooq-kperogi-promoted-full-professor-in-us-varsity/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Kperogi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About me|url=http://www.farooqkperogi.com/p/about-me.html|work=farooqkperogi.com|publisher=Farooq A. Kperogi|accessdate=6 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Kperogi 2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Farooq Kperogi|url=http://socm.hss.kennesaw.edu/faculty-staff/farooq-kperogi/|work=socm.hss.kennesaw.edu|publisher=Kennesaw State University|accessdate=6 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kperogi 3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Why British English is full of silly-sounding words|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20170619-why-british-english-is-full-of-silly-sounding-words|work=bbc.com|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=6 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ na Naịjirịa nke onye bụbu onye isi ala na-ekwu maka nchepụta ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-04-10|title=&quot;I was disappointed by [Wole Soyinka's] uncharacteristic silence between 2015 and 2019&quot; – Farooq Kperogi|url=https://www.thenews-chronicle.com/i-was-disappointed-by-wole-soyinkas-uncharacteristic-silence-between-2015-and-2019-farooq-kperogi/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=The News Chronicle|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-01-24|title=Why Nigeria needs a third force to dislodge Buhari -- Obasanjo {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/256524-nigeria-needs-third-force-dislodge-buhari-obasanjo.html|accessdate=2021-12-18|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye dere ''Glocal English: The Changing Face and Forms of Nigerian English'', nke e bipụtara na 2015, dị ka mpịakọta nke iri itoolu na isii na usoro Berkeley Insights na Linguistics and Semiotic . &lt;ref name=&quot;Kperogi 4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Berkeley Insights in Linguistics and Semiotics|url=https://www.peterlang.com/view/serial/BILS|work=www.peterlang.com|publisher=Peter Lang|accessdate=6 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kperogi 5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=7 Questions to a Linguist: Dr. Farooq Kperogi on &quot;Glocal&quot; English|url=https://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2015/08/17/7-questions-linguist-dr-farooq-kperogi-glocal-english/|work=altalang.com|date=17 August 2015|publisher=ALTA|accessdate=6 October 2017|archivedate=6 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162724/https://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2015/08/17/7-questions-linguist-dr-farooq-kperogi-glocal-english/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye dere Nigeria's Digital Diaspora Citizen Media, Democracy, and Participation (Ụlọ ọrụ mbiputa Mahadum Rochester 2020) nke e nyere onye merìrì &quot;2021 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2021-12-03|title=Tribune columnist Kperogi's book wins 2021 Choice Outstanding Academic Title|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/tribune-columnist-kperogis-book-wins-2021-choice-outstanding-academic-title/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Kperogi n'afọ 1973, na Okuta, okpuru ọchịchị Baruten nke Kwara Steeti, Naijiria ma bụrụ onye òtù ndị Bariba (Batoonu). &lt;ref name=&quot;Kperogi 6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kperogi: The Man Who Redefined Grammar Column Writing in Nigeria|url=http://www.jarushub.com/kperogi-the-man-who-redefined-grammar-column-writing-in-nigeria/?doing_wp_cron=1507288730.7060449123382568359375|work=jarushub.com|date=25 May 2013|publisher=JarusHub|accessdate=6 October 2017|archivedate=6 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006170724/http://www.jarushub.com/kperogi-the-man-who-redefined-grammar-column-writing-in-nigeria/?doing_wp_cron=1507288730.7060449123382568359375}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara Mahadum Bayero n'etiti afọ 1993 na 1997, ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na mgbasa ozi ohaneze. O nwetara nzere masta na mgbasa ozi na Mahadum Louisiana na Lafayette yana nzere Ph.D. na Mahadum Georgia State na United States na 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;Kperogi&quot;/&gt;

== Ndụ ya na ọrụ ya ==
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Bayero, Kano, Kperogi malitere ịrụ ọrụ dịka onye ntà akụkọ reporter n'ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi dị na [[Katsina]] na [[Kano]] tupu o sonyere Media Trust dịka onye ntà akụkọ maka ''Weekly Trust pịachirilanu''  &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụnuuzpepa nke gọọmentị etiti nwere, the ''New Nigerian'', nke pịachirila ugbua na mbido afọ ndị 2000. Kperogi malitere ọrụ ya dịka onye gụrụ akwụkwọ n'etiti 2000 na 2002 na Kaduna Polytechnic, ebe ọ kuziri ichụ nta akụkọ  na ịgbasa ozi ọha. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Ọ kụzikwara ihe na [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]]Zaria nw'obere oge na 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kperogi 2&quot;/&gt; N'etiti 2002 na 2004, Kperogi rụrụ ọrụ n'oge ọchịchị onye isi ala [[Olusegun Obasanjo|Olusequn Obasanjo]] dịka onye edemede onye isi ala na onye omennyocha. Kperogi na-ede akụkụ abụọ, &quot;Politics of Grammar&quot; and &quot;Notes from Atlanta&quot;, maka àgbà nke ngwụcha izu sitere na ''Daily Trust nke Abuja''. Kperogi edeela ihe ebe ọ dị ukwuu gbasara asụsụ Bekee Nigeria.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20170619-why-british-english-is-full-of-silly-sounding-words|work=BBC|title=Why British English is full of silly-sounding words|author=Christine Ro|date=19 June 2017|accessdate=21 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ alụmdi na nwunye Ya ==
Farooq Kperogi lụrụ Maureen Erinne Kperogi onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ nwanyị atọ na otu nwa nwoke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Notes From Atlanta: Mourning My Wife and Best Friend|url=https://www.farooqkperogi.com/2010/07/mourning-my-wife-and-best-friend.html|accessdate=2021-06-10|work=www.farooqkperogi.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-09-22|title=My children cherish calling them their pet names more than gifts –Kperogi|url=https://punchng.com/my-children-cherish-calling-them-their-pet-names-more-than-gifts-kperogi/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== &quot;Ihe odide sitere na Atlanta&quot; ==
Akụkụ na-akọ maka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị &quot;Notes from Atlanta&quot; nke Kperogi na-ede na akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi Daily Trust ka a kwụsịrị na Disemba 2018 n'okpuru nrụgide sitere n'aka onye isi ala [[Muhammadu Buhari]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-12-20|title=The Kperogi affair and the road to totalitarianism|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/the-kperogi-affair-and-the-road-to-totalitarianism/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|publisher=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke ọ katọrọ na kọlụm yana na ndị ọ na-ede na soshal midia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-01-29|title=Buhari not competent to govern any country – Kperogi|url=https://punchng.com/buhari-not-competent-govern-country-kperogi/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;THEINT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-08|title=Buhari-Tinubu Alliance Will Crack Noticeably In 2020 – Farooq Kperogi|url=https://theinterview.ng/2019/12/08/buhari-tinubu-alliance-will-crack-noticeably-in-2020-farooq-kperogi/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=TheInterview Nigeria|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iji mee mkpesa, ọ kwụsịrị akwụkwọ ya a ma ama &quot;Politics of Grammar&quot; na Daily Trust na Sunday, nke o dere ihe karịrị afọ iri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kperogi|first=Farooq A.|title=Presidency Pressured Daily Trust to Discontinue my Saturday Column|url=https://www.farooqkperogi.com/2018/12/presidency-pressured-daily-trust-to.html|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Farooq Kperogi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ cheela iyi egwu ọnwụ ihu site n'aka ndị na-akwado gọọmentị Naijiria maka kọlụm ndị ọ na-ede na-akatọ gọọmentị yana ihe ndị ọ na-ede na soshal midia.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-11-11|title=KSU professor faces death threats over criticism of government|url=http://theksusentinel.com/2019/11/11/ksu-professor-faces-death-threats-over-criticism-of-government/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=The Sentinel|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;THEINT&quot; /&gt;

Akụkụ &quot;Notes from Atlanta&quot; nke Kperogi na-apụta ugbu a na Satọdee ọ bụla na peeji azụ nke Nigerian Tribune, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Notes from Atlanta with Farooq Kperogi Archives|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/category/saturday-with-farooq-kperogi/|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Peoples Gazette, akwụkwọ akụkọ dị n'ịntanetị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FAROOQ KPEROGI, Author at Peoples Gazette|url=https://gazettengr.com/author/mayowa-samuel/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Peoples Gazette|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye ùgwù ==

* 2021 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title Winner &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-03|title=Farooq Kperogi's 'Nigeria's Digital Diaspora' wins top academic publishing award|url=https://gazettengr.com/farooq-kperogis-nigerias-digital-diaspora-wins-top-academic-publishing-award/|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Peoples Gazette|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onyinye onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ pụrụ iche nke Ngalaba Nkwurịta Okwu, Mahadum Louisiana, Lafayette, USA &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://communication.louisiana.edu/sites/communication/files/Cypress%20Lake%20News%202014.pdf|title=Search}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onyinye agụmakwụkwọ pụrụ iche na ọmụmụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Mahadum Georgia State &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Farooq Kperogi|url=https://facultyweb.kennesaw.edu/fkperogi/index.php|publisher=Kennesaw State University|accessdate=11 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ngalaba nkwurịta okwu pụrụ iche, Mahadum Louisiana, Lafayette, USA &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://communication.louisiana.edu/sites/communication/files/Cypress%20Lake%20News%202014.pdf|title=Search}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe nrite nke Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) maka nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ kacha mma na ngalaba Mass Communication, Mahadum Bayero, Kano 

== Ọrụ ndị O bipụtara ==

* ''Glocal English: The Changing Face and Form of Nigerian English in Global World''. New York: Peter Lang, 2015.   
* Digital Diaspora nke Nigeria: Citizen Media, Democracy, na Participation. New York: Rochester University Press, 2020. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1580469821|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1580469821&lt;/bdi&gt;]] &amp;nbsp;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website 
{{Authority control}}
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'''Bekeme Masade-Olowola''' bụ onye ọchụnta ego na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Naijiria, onye otu Board of Directors nke Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) - onye na-ahụkarị n'ụwa na-atụle mmetụta na-adịgide adịgide na-akọ akụkọ - na Chief Executive nke CSR-in-Action, otu nke ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ, ụlọ ọrụ na-eche echiche na ụlọ ọrụ ọzụzụ raara onwe ya nye ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na-ahụ anya, mmepe iwu, nkwado, nkwalite na mmepe na-adịgidere na mpaghara ahụ.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Bekeme Masade-Olowola ma zụlite ya na Lagos. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na klas nke abụọ, BA (Hons) English, na [[University of Lagos|Mahadum Lagos]] na 2004. Na Jenụwarị 2008, a họpụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-eto eto 18 na-asọmpi ọkachamara ahọpụtara site na Africa na Diaspora iji sonye na The Apprentice Africa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Apprentice Africa|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2008/03/03/the-apprentice-africa/|work=Bella Naija|date=3 March 2008|accessdate=25 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2008/04/21/bn-rundown/|title=BN Rundown|work=Bella Naija|date=21 April 2008|accessdate=25 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

.&lt;ref name=&quot;csr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://csrinaction.org/index.php/about-cia/our-board#faqnoanchor|title=Our Board|date=25 November 2013|work=CSR-in-Action|accessdate=25 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725123607/http://csrinaction.org/index.php/about-cia/our-board|archivedate=25 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'okpuru Masade-Olowola, CSR-in-Action akwalitewo nha na-adịgide adịgide na ịkọ akụkọ site na iji usoro GRI, kpọmkwem, kemgbe afọ 2011, ma kwalite uto nke nkuchi na nghọta na mpaghara ahụ site na ndụmọdụ, ọzụzụ na ntinye aka nkwado. CSR-in-Action mepụtara akụkọ itinye ego na Naịjirịa The Collective Social Report:Naịjiria (nke bụzi The Corporate Sustainable Investor Report), nke United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) kwadoro, ma kwado ya site na United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), na Machị 2012; nke mbụ n'ụdị ya nke gụnyere ọkwa nke arụmọrụ nkwado azụmaahịa. Akụkọ 2013 hụrụ iwebata nke nzukọ ahụ nke ndepụta nke nkwado.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://omojuwa.com/2014/05/csr-in-action-makes-history-launches-3c-index-a-ranking-of-nigerian-businesses-along-sustainability-lines/|title=CSR-in-Action Makes History; Launches 3C Index – a ranking of Nigerian businesses along sustainability lines|work=Omojuwa|date=6 May 2014|accessdate=25 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=African Review|url=http://www.africanreview.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=185:large-pump-brings-water-to-senegalese&amp;catid=53:water-a-environment&amp;Itemid=76|title=CSR in Nigeria|date=15 December 2011|accessdate=25 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2014, CSR-in-action na-agba mbọ ka ọ kpughee ihe karịrị ijeri $ 100 na ihe ndị dị n'ime ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.reportsafrique.com/2015/11/nigeria-group-seeks-to-unlock-over-the-100bn-potential-in-mineral-resources/|title=NIGERIA: Group Seeks to Unlock Over the $100bn Potential in Mineral Resources|work=Reportsafrique.com|date=18 November 2015|accessdate=27 October 2016|archivedate=24 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224011715/http://www.reportsafrique.com/2015/11/nigeria-group-seeks-to-unlock-over-the-100bn-potential-in-mineral-resources/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masade-Olowola nyere aka guzobe Azụmaahịa Njikọ Maka Mmepe Na-adịgide Adịgide nke Naịjirịa (BCSDN) na Mee 2014, atụmatụ nke jikọrọ ya na World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), nke mejupụtara njikọta nke azụmaahịa ndị isi n'ofe ngalaba niile iji kwalite mmepe ọnụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=Sweet Crude Reports|title=Sunmonu leads campaign for formation of Council on Sustainable Development|url=http://sweetcrudereports.com/2014/05/29/sunmonu-leads-campaign-for-formation-of-council-on-sustainable-development/|date=29 May 2014|accessdate=25 August 2014|archivedate=27 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027155409/http://www.sweetcrudereports.com/2014/05/29/sunmonu-leads-campaign-for-formation-of-council-on-sustainable-development/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye ==

* Merit na njikwa akụ na ụba mmadụ na mmekọrịta ọrụ (MSc) site na Mahadum Queen Mary nke London.
* Nhazi aha ya so n'elu 10 nke asọmpi ọgbọ na-esote na Global Reporting Initiative na Amsterdam na 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalreporting.org/information/events/conference2013/contest/Pages/contestants.aspx|title=Contestants|work=globalreporting.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Sejde Abrahamsson</title>
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'''Sejde Aftoni̇a Aylli̇n Aykal''' (amụrụ na 24 Jenụwarị 1998), nke a maara dị ka '''Sejde Abrahamsson''', bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti maka Belgian Women's Super League otu Klọb YLA. A mụrụ ya na Sweden, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Turkey.Ọ nọchitere anya obodo amụrụ ya na ọkwa U15 na U23 

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Na Sweden ===
Abrahamsson na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye na-agbachitere n'ọnọdụ azụ etiti.&lt;ref name=&quot;svt&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/orebro/landslagsspelare-atervander-till-kif-orebro|work=SVT|title=Landslagsspelare återvänder till KIF Örebro|date=11 December 2018|language=sv|accessdate=29 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara bọọlụ n'afọ ndị mbụ ya n'ọkwa ọkachamara na klọb obodo ya bụ KIF Örebro. Mgbe oge league atọ gasịrị, &lt;ref name=&quot;na1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.na.se/2022-03-22/orebros-serie-a-stjarna-att-spela-fotboll-i-napoli-ar-respekt|work=NA|title=Örebros Serie A-stjärna: &quot;Att spela fotboll i Napoli är respekt&quot;|date=22 March 2022|language=sv|accessdate=28 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọ kwagara na klọb [[Stockholm]] bụ Hammarby maka oge 2017-18. Ọ gbara bọọlụ oge abụọ na Hammarby.&lt;ref name=&quot;svt&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/orebro/landslagsspelare-atervander-till-kif-orebro|work=SVT|title=Landslagsspelare återvänder till KIF Örebro|date=11 December 2018|language=sv|accessdate=29 March 2024}}
[[Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)]]
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; N'egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke oge ahụ gara nke ọma, ọ dọwara nkwonkwo ya. N'afọ 2019, ọ laghachiri na klọb ụlọ ya bụ KIF Örebro, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ya. N'afọ 2020, ọ sonyeere Piteå . &lt;ref name=&quot;fk2&quot; /&gt;

=== Na mba ndị ọzọ ===
Her career in foreign countries began when she left her club Piteå in Sweden in the winter of 2020 to join Sevilla in Spain,&lt;ref name=&quot;fk2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.fotbollskanalen.se/italien/fran-bankad-i-spanien-till-drommen-i-napoli/|work=fotbollkanalen|title=Från bänkad i Spanien – till drömmen i Napoli|date=5 September 2021|language=sv|accessdate=28 March 2024}}
[[Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sfc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sevillafc.es/en/teams/women/sejde-abrahamsson|publisher=Sevilla FC|title=Sejde Abrahamsson|accessdate=28 March 2024|archivedate=28 March 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328090517/https://sevillafc.es/en/teams/women/sejde-abrahamsson}}&lt;/ref&gt; where she played only a few matches due to an injury.&lt;ref name=&quot;fk1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.fotbollskanalen.se/italien/officiellt-svenskan-lamnar-sevilla-klar-for-napoli-en-drom/|work=fotbollskanalen|title=Svenskan lämnar Sevilla - klar för Napoli: &quot;En dröm&quot;|date=3 July 2021|language=sv|accessdate=28 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; In July 2021, she signed with the Italian  Seria A-club Napoli.&lt;ref name=&quot;fk1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;na1&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.na.se/2022-03-22/orebros-serie-a-stjarna-att-spela-fotboll-i-napoli-ar-respekt|work=NA|title=Örebros Serie A-stjärna: &quot;Att spela fotboll i Napoli är respekt&quot;|date=22 March 2022|language=sv|accessdate=28 March 2024}}
[[Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)]]
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; She played for the Czech club Slavia Prague in 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;espn1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/bio/_/id/351721/sejde-abrahamsson|publisher=ESPN|title=Sejde Abrahamsson|accessdate=28 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the 2023–24 season, she transferred to Club YLA, the women's section of Club Brugge KV in Belgium. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==

=== Sweden ===
A họpụtara Abrahamsson n'ime otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ agbọghọ nke mba Sweden nke ndị na-erubeghị afọ iri na ise na Septemba 2013 ka ọ kpọọ egwuregwu abụọ megide Norway.&lt;ref name=&quot;l&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.laget.se/kiforebrodffalag/News/3135700/SEJDE-ABRAHAMSSON-UTTAGEN-I-F15-LANDSLAGET|publisher=Laget KIF Örebro DFF|title=Sejde Abrahamsson Uttagen I F15-Landslaget|work=KIF Örebro DFF A-lag|date=2 September 2013|language=sv|accessdate=29 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ, ọ ghọrọ onye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụnwaanyị nke mba Sweden n'okpuru afọ iri abụọ na atọ na 2018..&lt;ref name=&quot;svt&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/orebro/landslagsspelare-atervander-till-kif-orebro|work=SVT|title=Landslagsspelare återvänder till KIF Örebro|date=11 December 2018|language=sv|accessdate=29 March 2024}}
[[Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)]]
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;

=== Turkey ===
A kpọrọ Abrahamsson ka ọ bịa n'òtù egwuregwu mba Turkey dị ka onye na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti n'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;tff1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=283&amp;ftxtID=41625|publisher=Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu|title=Kadın A Milli Takımı'nın Aday Kadrosu Açıklandı|date=3 July 2023|language=tr|accessdate=29 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ ruru eru site na ụmụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pt.se/sport/fotboll/artikel/sejde-abrahamsson-siktar-pa-toppen-med-pitea/1l7v0z5l|title=Sejde Abrahamsson siktar på toppen med Piteå|date=26 June 2020|quote=We are Christian Syrians who originally come from Turkey.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara bọọl ụ enyi na enyi abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2024,  na-agba naanị goolu mmeri megide Romania. &lt;ref name=&quot;tff0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageId=30&amp;kisiId=2643481|publisher=Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu|title=Sejde Aftonia Aylin Aykal|language=tr|accessdate=28 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bg1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.baskentgazete.com.tr/a-milli-kadin-futbol-takimi-romanyayi-1-0-maglup-etti|work=Başkent|title=A Milli Kadın Futbol Takımı, Romanya'yı 1-0 mağlup etti|date=28 February 2024|language=tr|accessdate=28 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya na UEFA Women's Euro 2025 qualifying League B megide Switzerland.&lt;ref name=&quot;tff2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=283&amp;ftxtID=43877|publisher=Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu|title=Kadın A Milli Takımımız, İsviçre'ye 3-1 Mağlup Oldu|date=5 April 2024|language=tr|accessdate=7 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==

; KIF Örebro DFF
: ''Ndị na-agba ọsọ'' (1): 
:: Damallsvenskan: 2014

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;tff0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageId=30&amp;kisiId=2643481|publisher=Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu|title=Sejde Aftonia Aylin Aykal|language=tr|accessdate=28 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;tff1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=283&amp;ftxtID=41625|publisher=Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu|title=Kadın A Milli Takımı'nın Aday Kadrosu Açıklandı|date=3 July 2023|language=tr|accessdate=29 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;tff2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=283&amp;ftxtID=43877|publisher=Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu|title=Kadın A Milli Takımımız, İsviçre'ye 3-1 Mağlup Oldu|date=5 April 2024|language=tr|accessdate=7 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;bg1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.baskentgazete.com.tr/a-milli-kadin-futbol-takimi-romanyayi-1-0-maglup-etti|work=Başkent|title=A Milli Kadın Futbol Takımı, Romanya'yı 1-0 mağlup etti|date=28 February 2024|language=tr|accessdate=28 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;espn1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/bio/_/id/351721/sejde-abrahamsson|publisher=ESPN|title=Sejde Abrahamsson|accessdate=28 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;sfc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sevillafc.es/en/teams/women/sejde-abrahamsson|publisher=Sevilla FC|title=Sejde Abrahamsson|accessdate=28 March 2024|archivedate=28 March 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328090517/https://sevillafc.es/en/teams/women/sejde-abrahamsson}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;fk1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.fotbollskanalen.se/italien/officiellt-svenskan-lamnar-sevilla-klar-for-napoli-en-drom/|work=fotbollskanalen|title=Svenskan lämnar Sevilla - klar för Napoli: &quot;En dröm&quot;|date=3 July 2021|language=sv|accessdate=28 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;fk2&quot; /&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;na1&quot; /&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.na.se/2022-03-22/orebros-serie-a-stjarna-att-spela-fotboll-i-napoli-ar-respekt|work=NA|title=Örebros Serie A-stjärna: &quot;Att spela fotboll i Napoli är respekt&quot;|date=22 March 2022|language=sv|accessdate=28 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;l&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.laget.se/kiforebrodffalag/News/3135700/SEJDE-ABRAHAMSSON-UTTAGEN-I-F15-LANDSLAGET|publisher=Laget KIF Örebro DFF|title=Sejde Abrahamsson Uttagen I F15-Landslaget|work=KIF Örebro DFF A-lag|date=2 September 2013|language=sv|accessdate=29 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref name=&quot;svt&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/orebro/landslagsspelare-atervander-till-kif-orebro|work=SVT|title=Landslagsspelare återvänder till KIF Örebro|date=11 December 2018|language=sv|accessdate=29 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/references&gt;
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Jonna Ann-Charlotte Andersson''' (amụrụ na Jenụwarị 2, 1993) bụ onye Sweden na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Linköpings FC nke Sweden na otu egwuregwu bwelelụ ụmụ nwanyị nke Sweden.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Andersson sonyeere Linköpings FC na 2009 wee pụta ugboro abụọ na oge mbụ ya ka klọb ahụ meriri Damallsvenskan. Mgbe oge atọ gasịrị ebe ọ bụ onye na-anọchi anya, ọ ghọrọ onye egwuregwu dị mkpa nke otu ahụ na Oge 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=# 25 Jonna Andersson|url=http://www.linkopingfc.com/index.php?playerid=58|work=Linköpings FC|accessdate=20 February 2016|language=sv|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193005/http://www.linkopingfc.com/index.php?playerid=58}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Disemba 2017, Andersson sonyeere otu FA WSL Chelsea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chelsea Ladies to sign Andersson|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/42059025|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=9 July 2022|date=20 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2019, ọ megharịrị nkwekọrịta ya ruo afọ 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50516789|title=Jonna Andersson: Chelsea Women defender signs new contract until 2022|date=2019-11-22|accessdate=2019-11-25|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Chelsea, Andersson meriri n'asọmpi Super League ụmụ nwanyị atọ n'usoro, na 2019-20, 2020-21 na 2021-22. E nyere Chelsea aha WSL nke afọ 2020 na akara ọ bụla n'egwuregwu ọ bụla mgbe a kwụsịrị egwuregwu ahụ n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Eriksson|first=Mia|date=2021-02-24|title=Exclusive: Jonna Andersson on how coronavirus has affected the WSL|url=https://herfootballhub.com/exclusive-interview-jonna-andersson-chelsea-sweden-covid-19-fa-wsl/|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=Her Football Hub}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na ụbọchị ise nke ọnwa Eprel afọ 2022, Andersson kwetara na ya ga-alọghachi na Damallsvenskan, wee bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na ọkara ya na Hammarby IF. Mbufe ahụ malitere ịrụ ọrụ n'ọnwa Ọgọst mgbe windo mbufe Sweden meghere..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hammarbyfotboll.se/aktuellt/nyheter/jonna-andersson-till-hammarby-ansluter-i-sommar/|title=Jonna Andersson till Hammarby – ansluter i sommar|date=5 April 2022|accessdate=13 November 2022|work=Hammarby Fotboll|language=sv|archivedate=5 April 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405081843/https://www.hammarbyfotboll.se/aktuellt/nyheter/jonna-andersson-till-hammarby-ansluter-i-sommar/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Nọvemba afọ 2024, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na Linköpings FC, wee laghachi na klọb ahụ ebe ọ malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Välkommen hem Jonna Andersson!|url=https://www.linkopingfc.com/lfc_news/valkommen-hem-jonna-andersson/|work=Linköpings FC|accessdate=28 November 2024|language=sv|date=27 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Dị ka onye Sweden na-erubeghị afọ 19, Andersson gosipụtara na 2012 UEFA Women'sUnder-19 Championship na Turkey.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hammarlund|first=Pauline|title=Hammarlund's inside track on finalists Sweden|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/news/0250-0c50fb9ce046-6672ff027fdb-1000--hammarlund-s-inside-track-on-finalists-sweden/|accessdate=20 February 2016|publisher=UEFA|date=13 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sweden meriri asọmpi ahụ site na imeri Spain 1-0 na ngwụcha mgbe oge gbakwunyere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sweden match-winner Diaz realises dream|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/news/01ff-0e139b8209ef-1f48978df22e-1000--sweden-match-winner-diaz-realises-dream/|publisher=UEFA|accessdate=11 September 2013|date=15 July 2012|first=Sam|author=Crompton}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye isi nchịkwa otu Pia Sundhage kpọrọ Andersson na nke mbụ ya na Jenụwarị 2016 maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Scotland, dịka onye nọchiri Amanda Ilestedt onye nwere mmerụ ahụ azụ. Ọ gbara bọọlụ n'azụ aka ekpe ka e meriri ndị Scotland 6-0 na Prioritet Serneke Arena . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Debutant ersätter Ilestedt|url=https://svenskfotboll.se/arkiv/landslag/2016/01/debutant-ersatter-ilestedt/|accessdate=20 February 2016|work=Swedish Football Association|date=20 January 2016|language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Andersson nọgidere n'ọnọdụ ya na ndị otu maka asọmpi asọmpi asọmpị nke ụmụ nwanyị nke 2016 UEFA. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Truppen till OS-kvalet|url=https://svenskfotboll.se/landslag/damer/arkiv/landslag/2016/02/1fqrvs3/|accessdate=20 February 2016|work=Swedish Football Association|date=16 February 2016|language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2023, a gụnyere ya na ndị egwuregwu iri abụọ na atọ nke Sweden maka iko mba ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyị FIFA nke afọ 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Women's World Cup 2023: Sweden veteran Caroline Seger to play at fifth World Cup|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65902530|accessdate=20 June 2023|date=14 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Mba Nile ===

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Sweden na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Andersson ọ bụla gasịrị.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Jonna Andersson gbara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|1 December 2020
|Ámá Egwuregwu Anton Malatinský, Trnava, Slovakia
|{{Fbw|SVK}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6–0
|UEFA Women's Euro 2022 qualifying
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|7 April 2022
|Tengiz Burjanadze Stadium, Gori, Georgia
|{{Fbw|GEO}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |15–0
|2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
|9 July 2022
|Bramall Lane, Sheffield, England
|{{Fbw|NED}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
|UEFA Women's Euro 2022
|-
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Linköpings FC'''

* Damallsvenskan: 2009, 2016, 2017
* Iko mba Sweden: 2013-14, 2014-15
* Swedish Super Cup: 2010

'''Chelsea'''

* FA WSL: 2017-18, 2019-20, 2020-21, 2021-222021–22
* Iko FA nke ụmụ nwanyị: 2017-18, 2020-21, 2021-222021–22
* FA Women's League Cup: 2019-20, 2020-212020–21
* Women's FA Community Shield: 2020

'''Hammarby IF'''

* Damallsvenskan: 2023
* Iko mba Sweden: 2022-232022–23

'''Sweden U19'''

* UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship: 2012

'''Sweden'''

* Ihe nrite ọlaọcha nke Summer Olympic Games: 2016, 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Magdalena Eriksson|url=https://olympics.com/en/athletes/magdalena-eriksson|work=olympics.com|accessdate=11 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* FIFA Women's World Cup nke atọ: 2019, 2023

== Edensibia ==
{{Commons category}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Alireza Farshi</title>
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'''Alireza Farshi''' bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị mba Azerbaijan nke Iran. Ndị ọrụ nchekwa Iran jidere ya na ndị ọzọ na-eme mkpọsa maka ịga emume Ụbọchị Asụsụ Amaala nke Mba Nile na Tehran na Febụwarị 21, 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iranhumanrights.org/2021/02/non-persian-mother-languages-treated-as-national-security-threat-in-iran/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227011954/https://iranhumanrights.org/2021/02/non-persian-mother-languages-treated-as-national-security-threat-in-iran/|archivedate=February 27, 2021|title=Non-Persian Mother Languages Treated as &quot;National Security Threat&quot; in Iran|date=February 26, 2021|publisher=iranhumanrights.org|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na ise  na afọ abụọ ịkpafu gaa n'obodo Bagh-e Malek na mpaghara Khuzestan.&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;44&quot; href=&quot;./Amnesty_International&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Amnesty International&quot;&gt;Amnesty International]]&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;accessdate&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;March 8, 2022&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;language&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;en&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwzQ\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt8\&quot; class=\&quot;citation web cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;mwzg\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20210411014338/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2017/09/iran-human-rights-defenders-caught-in-a-web-of-repression/\&quot; id=\&quot;mwzw\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Caught in a web of repression: Iran's human rights defenders under attack\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;cx-link\&quot; data-linkid=\&quot;102\&quot; href=\&quot;./Amnesty_International\&quot; id=\&quot;mw0A\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:WikiLink\&quot; title=\&quot;Amnesty International\&quot;&gt;Amnesty International&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. September 29, 2017. Archived from &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2017/09/iran-human-rights-defenders-caught-in-a-web-of-repression/\&quot; id=\&quot;mw0Q\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;the original&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; on April 11, 2021&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;reference-accessdate\&quot; id=\&quot;mw0g\&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=\&quot;nowrap\&quot; id=\&quot;mw0w\&quot;&gt;March 8,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; 2022&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-2&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Alireza_Farshi#cite_note-2 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;2&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;Amnesty International ekwuputala na ọ bụ Onye mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche n'ihi na enweghị ihe omempụ ọbụla n'ọrụ ya, yana n'ihi nchebe nke ikike mmadụ na ikike nke asụsụ amaala ma chọọ ka a tọhapụ ya na òtù ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722223953/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/|archivedate=July 22, 2021|title=Iran: Defender beaten and denied health care: Alireza Farshi|date=July 20, 2021|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Òtù &quot;Kəndimiz&quot; (English:  Our Village), nke na-anakọta ma na-ekesara ụmụaka akwụkwọ na mpaghara na obodo nta dị iche iche Na Azerbaijan nke Iran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804090148/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archivedate=August 4, 2020|title=Güneydə 'Kəndimiz Vəqfi' hər ay bir kəndə türkcə kitablar hədiyyə edir|date=June 6, 2018|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Banyere Ya ==

=== Ndụ na ọrụ ===
[[Faịlụ:Əlirza Fərşi 2023.jpg|thumb|Alireza Farshi]]
A mụrụ Alireza Farshi na 1979 n'obodo Dizaj Yekan nke Marand. Nna ya nwụrụ n'agha Iran-Iraq.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/en/special-features/10181|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105080144/https://iranwire.com/en/special-features/10181|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Ali Məhkəmə Əlirəza Fərşinin işinə yenidən baxılması tələbini rədd etdi|date=August 6, 2021|publisher=iranwire.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum Teknụzụ Sharif na 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sozcu.az/?p=97572|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105074240/https://sozcu.az/?p=97572|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşi ilə görüş; güneyli milli-mədəni fəalın qısa bioqrafiyası|date=February 8, 2021|publisher=sozcu.az|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGhhaZkgL08|title=Əlirza Fərşi haqqında|author=GünAz TV|date=February 20, 2021|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ injinia kọmputa. O mechara nweta nzere masta site na Mahadum Tehran . Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mahadum, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ &quot;Yol&quot;, nke e bipụtara na Azerbaijani Turkish na Mahadum Tehran. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ biri na Tabriz otu afọ. O mechara malite ịkụzi na Mahadum Azad dị na Julfa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/elirza-fersi-universitetden-uzaqlasdirildi-34894|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114070325/http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/elirza-fersi-universitetden-uzaqlasdirildi-34894|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşi universitetdən uzaqlaşdırıldı|author=|date=September 24, 2010|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ nkuzi ya, o guzobere òtù &quot;Our Village&quot; Foundation, nke na-anakọta ma na-enye ụmụaka akwụkwọ na mpaghara na n'imeobodo dị iche iche na Azerbaijan nke Iran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aznews.tv/iranda-f%C9%99allara-qarsi-amansiz-munasib%C9%99t/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114081008/https://www.aznews.tv/iranda-f%C9%99allara-qarsi-amansiz-munasib%C9%99t/|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=İranda fəallara qarşı amansız münasibət|publisher=aznews.tv|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sonyere n'onwe ya n'ikesa akwụkwọ ndị a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamac.info/az/azerbaycan/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsinin-hansi-ittiham-uzr%C9%99-saxlandigi-bar%C9%99d%C9%99-yayilan-x%C9%99b%C9%99rl%C9%99r-t%C9%99kzib-edilir-t%C9%99hluk%C9%99sizlik-quvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri-f%C9%99ala-qarsi-kobud-da/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114075726/https://www.gamac.info/az/azerbaycan/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsinin-hansi-ittiham-uzr%C9%99-saxlandigi-bar%C9%99d%C9%99-yayilan-x%C9%99b%C9%99rl%C9%99r-t%C9%99kzib-edilir-t%C9%99hluk%C9%99sizlik-quvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri-f%C9%99ala-qarsi-kobud-da/|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşinin hansı ittiham üzrə saxlandığı barədə yayılan xəbərlər təkzib edilir / Təhlükəsizlik qüvvələri fəala qarşı kobud davranıb|author=|date=January 22, 2020|publisher=gamac.info|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'ime afọ ndị ọ rụrụ ọrụ, &quot;Our Village&quot; Foundation enyewo ọtụtụ puku akwụkwọ nye ụmụaka ndị bi n'ọtụtụ obodo.   [7&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/kendimiz-veqfi-merend-kendlerine-yuzlerce-turkce-kitab-bagislayib-goruntu-106586|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114080110/https://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/kendimiz-veqfi-merend-kendlerine-yuzlerce-turkce-kitab-bagislayib-goruntu-106586|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=&quot;Kəndimiz Vəqfi&quot; Mərənd kəndlərinə yüzlərcə türkcə kitab bağışlayıb|author=|date=June 12, 2018|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;][9&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216120731/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archivedate=December 16, 2021|title=Güneydə 'Kəndimiz Vəqfi' hər ay bir kəndə türkcə kitablar hədiyyə edir|author=|date=June 13, 2018|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/urmiye-turkce-kitab-paylama-kampaniyasi/6230727.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114080832/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/urmiye-turkce-kitab-paylama-kampaniyasi/6230727.html|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Urmiyada mədəni fəallar məktəblərin açılışı ərəfəsində türkcə kitablar paylayır|date=September 16, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nwuchi ys na ọrụ ndị ọzọ so ===
A nwụchiri ya na Mee 2009 ya na nwunye ya, Sima Didar, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bijan Baharan|title=The Hidden Side of Iran: Discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities|year=2010|location=[[Paris]]|publisher=[[International Federation for Human Rights]]|url=https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/IrandiscrimLDDHI545a.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'oge ngagharị iw na El Golu Square nke Tabriz maka agụmakwụkwọ n'asụsụ amaala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.azadliq.org/a/1737242.html|title=Təbrizdə dövlət bayramında etirazlar|author=[[Khadija Ismayilova]]|date=May 22, 2009|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://musavat.com/news/tebrizde-qan-tokuldu_53583.html?d=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216122853/https://musavat.com/news/tebrizde-qan-tokuldu_53583.html?d=1|archivedate=December 16, 2021|title=Təbrizdə qan töküldü|author=|date=May 23, 2009|publisher=musavat.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ ikpe mara ha ikpe otu afọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ụlọ ikpe nke abụọ belatara njide ha ruo ọnwa isii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/farish101510-105125684/719193.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303053524/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/farish101510-105125684/719193.html|archivedate=March 3, 2021|title=İran azərbaycanlı fəal Əlirza Fərşi üniversitet müəllimliyindən azad edilib|author=Insafali Hidayat|date=October 17, 2010|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2010, a chụpụrụ ya n'ọkwa nkuzi ya na Mahadum Azad dị na Julfa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Mgbe a kpọfere ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Tabriz, a tọhapụrụ ya nwa oge na mgbapụta. A nwụchiri ya ọzọ na 2011 ma kpọga ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Tabriz.

N'afọ 2014, e jidere ya na Akbar Azad, Behnam Sheikh, Hamid Manafi Nadarli, Mahmud Ojagli, Rustam Kazimpur, Mansur Fathi na Aziz Farshi maka ịga emume Ụbọchị Asụsụ Amaala nke Mba Nile na Tehran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/linguistic-activists/1892647.html|title=Tehranda həbsdə olan türk fəalların durumu ağırdır|date=2014-04-14|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=2022-03-08|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na ise na afọ abụọ ịkpafu gaa na Bagh Malik, mpaghara Khuzestan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2017-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/iran/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006035151/https://www.state.gov/reports/2017-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/iran/|archivedate=2022-10-06|title=2017 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Iran|date=2018|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|accessdate=2023-03-15|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://musavat.com/news/iranda-4-azerbaycanli-feal-45-il-hebs-ve-8-il-surgune-mehkum-edildi-nbsp_417912.html?d=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105091000/https://musavat.com/news/iranda-4-azerbaycanli-feal-45-il-hebs-ve-8-il-surgune-mehkum-edildi-nbsp_417912.html?d=1|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=İranda 4 azərbaycanlı fəal 45 il həbs və 8 il sürgünə məhkum edildi|date=February 22, 2017|publisher=musavat.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/beynelxalq-ana-dili-gununde-saxlanilan-guney-azerbaycanli-feallarin-hebs-qerari-icraya-qoyulur-126224|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105091200/http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/beynelxalq-ana-dili-gununde-saxlanilan-guney-azerbaycanli-feallarin-hebs-qerari-icraya-qoyulur-126224|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Beynəlxalq Ana Dili Günündə saxlanılan güney azərbaycanlı fəalların həbs qərarı icraya qoyulur|date=March 18, 2020|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọnwa abụọ gasịrị mgbe e jidere ha, a kpọfere ndị na-eme mkpọsa Akbar Azad na Alireza Farshi, ndị a ejichiri n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị na Tehran, gaa n'ọ́dụ̀ ndị agha nke narị atọ na ise siri ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/evin_hebs/1898363.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423024738/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/evin_hebs/1898363.html|archivedate=April 23, 2021|title=Azərbaycanlı fəallar Evin zindanının daha sərt korpusuna köçürülüb|date=April 22, 2014|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 22, 2021, Alireza Farshi kwupụtara na ọ ga-anọ agụụ ụbọchị atọ iji mee mkpesa megide mkpebi ikpe obi ọjọọ na ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ndị ọkàikpe n'ụlọ ikpe nke Islamic Republic nke Iran, yana ịnapụ ndị Turkey agụmakwụkwọ n'asụsụ amaala n'ụlọ akwụkwọ gasị. Mgbe e mesịrị, onye mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ Abbas Lisani sonyekwara n'òtù ahụ iji kwado Alireza Farshi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-v%C9%99-abbas-lisani-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b/6245471.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105082956/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-v%C9%99-abbas-lisani-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b/6245471.html|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşi və Abbas Lisani aclıq aksiyasına başlayıb|author=Hamid Məlikoğlu|date=September 25, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210924-two-jailed-azeri-rights-activists-begin-hunger-strike-in-iran/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20220105131100/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210924-two-jailed-azeri-rights-activists-begin-hunger-strike-in-iran/|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Two jailed Azeri rights activists begin hunger strike in Iran|date=September 24, 2021|publisher=middleeastmonitor.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, o degaara ndị ọrụ ụlọ ikpe akwụkwọ ozi n'ụzọ doro anya n'ihe gbasara ịnapụ ha ikike ịpụ. N'akwụkwọ ozi ya, ọ chọrọ ka a tọhapụ ya na ezumike ma gwọọ ya n'èzí ụlọ mkpọrọ, na-akọwa oke ọrịa ya, mkpa ọ dị ịwa ya anya na nchọpụta ya nke ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ ya. Ọ katọkwara mkpọrọ a tụrụ ya maka ịga emume International Mother Language Day yana maka ọrụ ya na ikike nke asụsụ Turkey na agbụrụ n'okpuru iwu, na-ekwu na a gụpụụrụ ya naanị ụbọchị atọ n'oge ọnwa iri abụọ ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/fershi-mektub/6316835.html|title=Əlirza Fərşi məhkəməyə açıq məktub ünvanlayıb|author=Hamid Məlikoğlu|date=November 17, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Disemba 12, 2021, Alireza Farshi, onye nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Tehran dị ukwuu, malitere ịnọ agụụ ụbọchị atọ. N'akwụkwọ ozi o si n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dee, o kwuru na ịnọ agụụ ahụ bụ iji mee mkpesa maka mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere ọtịta nke ọdọ mmiri Urmia, ịtụfu unyi n'ime Osimiri Araz, ọnọdụ ndụ nke ndị ọrụ na ndị nkuzi, enweghị ọrụ dị na Azerbaijan, na nrụgide iwu na-akwadoghị na ndị na-eme mkpọsa na mba Azerbaijan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-3-g%C3%BCnl%C3%BCk-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b-/6351071.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212194425/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-3-g%C3%BCnl%C3%BCk-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b-/6351071.html|archivedate=December 12, 2021|title=Əlirza Fərşi 3 günlük aclıq aksiyasına başlayıb|author=Hamid Məlikoğlu|date=December 12, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ngagharị iwe megide njichi ya ===
Amnesty International ekwuputala na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ n'ihi akọ na uche ma chọọ ka a tọhapụ ya ozugbo n'ihi na o nweghị ihe ndekọ mpụ ma na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ na ikike asụsụ amaala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722223953/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/|archivedate=July 22, 2021|title=Iran: Defender beaten and denied health care: Alireza Farshi|date=July 20, 2021|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210722223953/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/ &quot;Iran: Defender beaten and denied health care: Alireza Farshi&quot;]. [[Amnesty International]]. July 20, 2021. Archived from [https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/ the original] on July 22, 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 8,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Mee 2021, òtù Erk-Azerbaijan na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ zigaara UN akwụkwọ ozi nke isiokwu ya bụ &quot;Nledo ọnọdụ nke ndị mkpọrọ ọdịbendị Azerbaijan&quot;. N'akwụkwọ ozi a, ha gosipụtara nchegbu banyere ọnọdụ Alireza Farshi. A chọpụtara na Alireza Farshi nwere ọrịa shuga n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọnọdụ ya kakwara njọ n'ihi enweghị ọgwụgwọ. Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụ ezie na anya ya adịghị mma ma chọọ ka a waa ya awa, ọ nwetabeghị ohere ọ bụla maka ọgwụgwọ na ịwa ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aznews.tv/az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbusla-bagli-yenid%C9%99n-birl%C9%99smis-mill%C9%99tl%C9%99r-t%C9%99skilatina-muraci%C9%99t-edildi/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114082245/https://www.aznews.tv/az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbusla-bagli-yenid%C9%99n-birl%C9%99smis-mill%C9%99tl%C9%99r-t%C9%99skilatina-muraci%C9%99t-edildi/|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Azərbaycanlı siyasi məhbusla bağlı yenidən Birləşmiş millətlər təşkilatına müraciət edildi|publisher=aznews.tv|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2021, ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị na mba ahụ kesara akwụkwọ mpịakọta n'okporo ámá Tabriz na-achọ ka a tọhapụ onye mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Alireza Farshi. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe madochara akwụkwọ mmado na akwụkwọ mpịakọta nke isiokwu ya bụ &quot;Alireza Farshi, a mara mmadụ a ikpe nnwere onwe&quot;, &quot;Ncheta ụbọchị ọmụmụ ọma maka dike mba Azerbaijan Turkic, Nna Babek&quot; na mgbidi n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Tabriz ma kesaa ha n'etiti ndị bi na ya. Na mgbakwunye, na Julaị 5, e mere ngagharị iwe na Marand iji kwado Alireza Farshi na megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi megide ya. Ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị nke obodo Marand kesara akwụkwọ mmado &quot;Ndụ Alireza Farshi nọ n'ihe ize ndụ&quot;, &quot;Ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Azerbaijan bụ akara uhie anyị&quot; ma kwụnye ọkọlọtọ na àkwà mmiri obodo ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sozcu.az/?p=110875|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105080545/https://sozcu.az/?p=110875|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Milli fəallar Təbrizdə aksiya keçirdi: Əlirza Fərşiyə azadlıq tələb olunub|date=July 6, 2021|publisher=sozcu.az|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gadtb.com/m%C9%99r%C9%99ndd%C9%99-az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbus-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-m%C9%99qs%C9%99dil%C9%99-boyuk-banner-asildi/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105082627/https://gadtb.com/m%C9%99r%C9%99ndd%C9%99-az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbus-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-m%C9%99qs%C9%99dil%C9%99-boyuk-banner-asildi/|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Mərənddə azərbaycanlı siyasi məhbus Əlirza Fərşiyə dəstək məqsədilə böyük banner asıldı|date=July 6, 2021|publisher=gadtb.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Julaị 16, 2021, òtù iri na asatọ na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ wepụtara nkwupụta ha jikọrọ aka ọnụ kwuo iji kwado Alireza Farshi. Na nkwupụta ha, ha kwuru na Alireza Farshi nwetara mmeso omume obi ọjọọ, obi ịta mmiri na nke na-eweda mmadụ n'ala n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ nataghị nlekọta ahụike ọ chọrọ. Ha kpọrọ ndị ọrụ nke Islamic Republic nke Iran ka ha mee ihe ndị dị mkpa iji chebe ndụ na ahụike Alireza Farshi ma nye ya nlekọta ahụike pụrụ iche dị ka ọ dị mkpa. Ha chọkwara ka a tọhapụ Alireza Farshi ozugbo na n'enweghị ihe mgbochi, yana ikpe ndị biri ya ebubo iwu na-akwadoghị na mmeso ọjọọ ikpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://united4iran.org/press-release-alireza-farshi|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716183834/https://united4iran.org/press-release-alireza-farshi|archivedate=July 16, 2021|title=Press Release Regarding the Situation of Mr. Alireza Farshi, the imprisoned Azerbaijani Turks' Human and Civil Rights Activist in Iran|date=July 16, 2021|publisher=united4iran.org|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/insan-haqlar%C4%B1-qrupundan-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-b%C9%99yanat%C4%B1/5969200.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717193706/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/insan-haqlar%C4%B1-qrupundan-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-b%C9%99yanat%C4%B1/5969200.html|archivedate=July 17, 2021|title=18 insan haqları qrupundan Əlirza Fərşiyə dəstək bəyanatı|date=July 17, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, onye UN Special Rapporteur n'ihe gbasara ikike mmadụ na Iran, Javid Rahman, nyere akụkọ ya ọzọ gbasara mmebi ikike mmadụ na Iran nye Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UN. O kwuru na akụkọ dị peeji iri abụọ na ise na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na ndị obodo Turkey dị ka Abbas Lisani na Alireza Farshi na Iran Azerbaijan bụ ndị a lekwasịrị anya maka ịgbachitere ikike ndị ka nta, nakwa na e metọrọ Alireza Garshi mmetọ nke anụ ahụ ma mesoo ya omume ọjọọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/bmt-nin-x%C3%BCsusi-m%C9%99ruz%C9%99%C3%A7isi-yeni-hesabat%C4%B1nda-abbas-lisani-v%C9%99-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Finin-durumuna-diqq%C9%99t-%C3%A7%C9%99kib/6012379.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824112604/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/bmt-nin-x%C3%BCsusi-m%C9%99ruz%C9%99%C3%A7isi-yeni-hesabat%C4%B1nda-abbas-lisani-v%C9%99-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Finin-durumuna-diqq%C9%99t-%C3%A7%C9%99kib/6012379.html|archivedate=August 24, 2021|title=BMT-nin xüsusi məruzəçisi yeni hesabatında Abbas Lisani və Əlirza Fərşinin vəziyyətinə diqqət çəkib|date=August 23, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị na mba kwụnyere ọkọlọtọ n'okporo ámá niile nke Tabriz na-ekwu &quot;Nnwere Onwe&quot;, &quot;Alirza Farshi&quot;, &quot;A maala mmadụ ahụ ikpe Nnwere Onwe&quot; &quot;Nye m aka gị, nke a chụpụrụ site n'ife efe, ọ na-agụ m ka ébé ọkụ na-agba - anọwo m n'ọchịchịrị ruo afọ iri anọ na atọ&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/brizd-t-rk-dili-f-al-lirza-r-iy-d-st-k-bannerl-ri|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20220105082023/http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/brizd-t-rk-dili-f-al-lirza-r-iy-d-st-k-bannerl-ri#selection-1127.48-1127.196|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Təbrizdə türk dili fəalı Əlirza Fərşiyə dəstək aksiyası keçirilib|date=October 14, 2021|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/fershi-azadliq/6270368.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105084609/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/fershi-azadliq/6270368.html|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Təbrizdə siyasi məhbus Əlirza Fərşinin azadlığı tələb edilib|author=Hamid Malikoghlu|date=October 14, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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      <text bytes="25795" sha1="45umww5fj9748rbmsl8db062mr6mu25" xml:space="preserve"> [[Faịlụ:Əlirza Fərşi 2023.jpg|thumb|Alireza Farshi]]

'''Alireza Farshi''' bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị mba Azerbaijan nke Iran. Ndị ọrụ nchekwa Iran jidere ya na ndị ọzọ na-eme mkpọsa maka ịga emume Ụbọchị Asụsụ Amaala nke Mba Nile na Tehran na Febụwarị 21, 2014. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iranhumanrights.org/2021/02/non-persian-mother-languages-treated-as-national-security-threat-in-iran/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227011954/https://iranhumanrights.org/2021/02/non-persian-mother-languages-treated-as-national-security-threat-in-iran/|archivedate=February 27, 2021|title=Non-Persian Mother Languages Treated as &quot;National Security Threat&quot; in Iran|date=February 26, 2021|publisher=iranhumanrights.org|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na ise  na afọ abụọ ịkpafu gaa n'obodo Bagh-e Malek na mpaghara Khuzestan.&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;44&quot; href=&quot;./Amnesty_International&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Amnesty International&quot;&gt;Amnesty International]]&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;accessdate&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;March 8, 2022&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;language&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;en&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwzQ\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt8\&quot; class=\&quot;citation web cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;mwzg\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20210411014338/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2017/09/iran-human-rights-defenders-caught-in-a-web-of-repression/\&quot; id=\&quot;mwzw\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Caught in a web of repression: Iran's human rights defenders under attack\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;cx-link\&quot; data-linkid=\&quot;102\&quot; href=\&quot;./Amnesty_International\&quot; id=\&quot;mw0A\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:WikiLink\&quot; title=\&quot;Amnesty International\&quot;&gt;Amnesty International&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. September 29, 2017. Archived from &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2017/09/iran-human-rights-defenders-caught-in-a-web-of-repression/\&quot; id=\&quot;mw0Q\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;the original&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; on April 11, 2021&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;reference-accessdate\&quot; id=\&quot;mw0g\&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=\&quot;nowrap\&quot; id=\&quot;mw0w\&quot;&gt;March 8,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; 2022&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-2&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Alireza_Farshi#cite_note-2 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;2&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;Amnesty International ekwuputala na ọ bụ Onye mkpọrọ nke akọ na uche n'ihi na enweghị ihe omempụ ọbụla n'ọrụ ya, yana n'ihi nchebe nke ikike mmadụ na ikike nke asụsụ amaala ma chọọ ka a tọhapụ ya na òtù ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722223953/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/|archivedate=July 22, 2021|title=Iran: Defender beaten and denied health care: Alireza Farshi|date=July 20, 2021|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye guzobere Òtù &quot;Kəndimiz&quot; (English:  Our Village), nke na-anakọta ma na-ekesara ụmụaka akwụkwọ na mpaghara na obodo nta dị iche iche Na Azerbaijan nke Iran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804090148/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archivedate=August 4, 2020|title=Güneydə 'Kəndimiz Vəqfi' hər ay bir kəndə türkcə kitablar hədiyyə edir|date=June 6, 2018|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Banyere Ya ==

=== Ndụ na ọrụ ===

A mụrụ Alireza Farshi na 1979 n'obodo Dizaj Yekan nke Marand. Nna ya nwụrụ n'agha Iran-Iraq.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/en/special-features/10181|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105080144/https://iranwire.com/en/special-features/10181|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Ali Məhkəmə Əlirəza Fərşinin işinə yenidən baxılması tələbini rədd etdi|date=August 6, 2021|publisher=iranwire.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya na Mahadum Teknụzụ Sharif na 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sozcu.az/?p=97572|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105074240/https://sozcu.az/?p=97572|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşi ilə görüş; güneyli milli-mədəni fəalın qısa bioqrafiyası|date=February 8, 2021|publisher=sozcu.az|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGhhaZkgL08|title=Əlirza Fərşi haqqında|author=GünAz TV|date=February 20, 2021|publisher=[[YouTube]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ injinia kọmputa. O mechara nweta nzere masta site na Mahadum Tehran . Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mahadum, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ &quot;Yol&quot;, nke e bipụtara na Azerbaijani Turkish na Mahadum Tehran. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ biri na Tabriz otu afọ. O mechara malite ịkụzi na Mahadum Azad dị na Julfa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/elirza-fersi-universitetden-uzaqlasdirildi-34894|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114070325/http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/elirza-fersi-universitetden-uzaqlasdirildi-34894|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşi universitetdən uzaqlaşdırıldı|author=|date=September 24, 2010|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ nkuzi ya, o guzobere òtù &quot;Our Village&quot; Foundation, nke na-anakọta ma na-enye ụmụaka akwụkwọ na mpaghara na n'imeobodo dị iche iche na Azerbaijan nke Iran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aznews.tv/iranda-f%C9%99allara-qarsi-amansiz-munasib%C9%99t/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114081008/https://www.aznews.tv/iranda-f%C9%99allara-qarsi-amansiz-munasib%C9%99t/|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=İranda fəallara qarşı amansız münasibət|publisher=aznews.tv|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sonyere n'onwe ya n'ikesa akwụkwọ ndị a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gamac.info/az/azerbaycan/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsinin-hansi-ittiham-uzr%C9%99-saxlandigi-bar%C9%99d%C9%99-yayilan-x%C9%99b%C9%99rl%C9%99r-t%C9%99kzib-edilir-t%C9%99hluk%C9%99sizlik-quvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri-f%C9%99ala-qarsi-kobud-da/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114075726/https://www.gamac.info/az/azerbaycan/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsinin-hansi-ittiham-uzr%C9%99-saxlandigi-bar%C9%99d%C9%99-yayilan-x%C9%99b%C9%99rl%C9%99r-t%C9%99kzib-edilir-t%C9%99hluk%C9%99sizlik-quvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri-f%C9%99ala-qarsi-kobud-da/|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşinin hansı ittiham üzrə saxlandığı barədə yayılan xəbərlər təkzib edilir / Təhlükəsizlik qüvvələri fəala qarşı kobud davranıb|author=|date=January 22, 2020|publisher=gamac.info|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;N'ime afọ ndị ọ rụrụ ọrụ, &quot;Our Village&quot; Foundation enyewo ọtụtụ puku akwụkwọ nye ụmụaka ndị bi n'ọtụtụ obodo.   [7&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/kendimiz-veqfi-merend-kendlerine-yuzlerce-turkce-kitab-bagislayib-goruntu-106586|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114080110/https://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/kendimiz-veqfi-merend-kendlerine-yuzlerce-turkce-kitab-bagislayib-goruntu-106586|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=&quot;Kəndimiz Vəqfi&quot; Mərənd kəndlərinə yüzlərcə türkcə kitab bağışlayıb|author=|date=June 12, 2018|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;][9&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216120731/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/kendimiz-veqfi-iran-azerbaycani/4436568.html|archivedate=December 16, 2021|title=Güneydə 'Kəndimiz Vəqfi' hər ay bir kəndə türkcə kitablar hədiyyə edir|author=|date=June 13, 2018|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/urmiye-turkce-kitab-paylama-kampaniyasi/6230727.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114080832/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/urmiye-turkce-kitab-paylama-kampaniyasi/6230727.html|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Urmiyada mədəni fəallar məktəblərin açılışı ərəfəsində türkcə kitablar paylayır|date=September 16, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nwuchi ys na ọrụ ndị ọzọ so ===
A nwụchiri ya na Mee 2009 ya na nwunye ya, Sima Didar, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bijan Baharan|title=The Hidden Side of Iran: Discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities|year=2010|location=[[Paris]]|publisher=[[International Federation for Human Rights]]|url=https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/IrandiscrimLDDHI545a.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'oge ngagharị iw na El Golu Square nke Tabriz maka agụmakwụkwọ n'asụsụ amaala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.azadliq.org/a/1737242.html|title=Təbrizdə dövlət bayramında etirazlar|author=[[Khadija Ismayilova]]|date=May 22, 2009|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://musavat.com/news/tebrizde-qan-tokuldu_53583.html?d=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216122853/https://musavat.com/news/tebrizde-qan-tokuldu_53583.html?d=1|archivedate=December 16, 2021|title=Təbrizdə qan töküldü|author=|date=May 23, 2009|publisher=musavat.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ ikpe mara ha ikpe otu afọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ụlọ ikpe nke abụọ belatara njide ha ruo ọnwa isii.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/farish101510-105125684/719193.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303053524/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/farish101510-105125684/719193.html|archivedate=March 3, 2021|title=İran azərbaycanlı fəal Əlirza Fərşi üniversitet müəllimliyindən azad edilib|author=Insafali Hidayat|date=October 17, 2010|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2010, a chụpụrụ ya n'ọkwa nkuzi ya na Mahadum Azad dị na Julfa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Mgbe a kpọfere ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Tabriz, a tọhapụrụ ya nwa oge na mgbapụta. A nwụchiri ya ọzọ na 2011 ma kpọga ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Tabriz.

N'afọ 2014, e jidere ya na Akbar Azad, Behnam Sheikh, Hamid Manafi Nadarli, Mahmud Ojagli, Rustam Kazimpur, Mansur Fathi na Aziz Farshi maka ịga emume Ụbọchị Asụsụ Amaala nke Mba Nile na Tehran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/linguistic-activists/1892647.html|title=Tehranda həbsdə olan türk fəalların durumu ağırdır|date=2014-04-14|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=2022-03-08|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mechara maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na ise na afọ abụọ ịkpafu gaa na Bagh Malik, mpaghara Khuzestan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2017-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/iran/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006035151/https://www.state.gov/reports/2017-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/iran/|archivedate=2022-10-06|title=2017 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Iran|date=2018|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|accessdate=2023-03-15|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://musavat.com/news/iranda-4-azerbaycanli-feal-45-il-hebs-ve-8-il-surgune-mehkum-edildi-nbsp_417912.html?d=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105091000/https://musavat.com/news/iranda-4-azerbaycanli-feal-45-il-hebs-ve-8-il-surgune-mehkum-edildi-nbsp_417912.html?d=1|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=İranda 4 azərbaycanlı fəal 45 il həbs və 8 il sürgünə məhkum edildi|date=February 22, 2017|publisher=musavat.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/beynelxalq-ana-dili-gununde-saxlanilan-guney-azerbaycanli-feallarin-hebs-qerari-icraya-qoyulur-126224|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105091200/http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/beynelxalq-ana-dili-gununde-saxlanilan-guney-azerbaycanli-feallarin-hebs-qerari-icraya-qoyulur-126224|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Beynəlxalq Ana Dili Günündə saxlanılan güney azərbaycanlı fəalların həbs qərarı icraya qoyulur|date=March 18, 2020|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọnwa abụọ gasịrị mgbe e jidere ha, a kpọfere ndị na-eme mkpọsa Akbar Azad na Alireza Farshi, ndị a ejichiri n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị na Tehran, gaa n'ọ́dụ̀ ndị agha nke narị atọ na ise siri ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/evin_hebs/1898363.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423024738/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/evin_hebs/1898363.html|archivedate=April 23, 2021|title=Azərbaycanlı fəallar Evin zindanının daha sərt korpusuna köçürülüb|date=April 22, 2014|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 22, 2021, Alireza Farshi kwupụtara na ọ ga-anọ agụụ ụbọchị atọ iji mee mkpesa megide mkpebi ikpe obi ọjọọ na ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ndị ọkàikpe n'ụlọ ikpe nke Islamic Republic nke Iran, yana ịnapụ ndị Turkey agụmakwụkwọ n'asụsụ amaala n'ụlọ akwụkwọ gasị. Mgbe e mesịrị, onye mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ Abbas Lisani sonyekwara n'òtù ahụ iji kwado Alireza Farshi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-v%C9%99-abbas-lisani-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b/6245471.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105082956/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-v%C9%99-abbas-lisani-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b/6245471.html|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Əlirza Fərşi və Abbas Lisani aclıq aksiyasına başlayıb|author=Hamid Məlikoğlu|date=September 25, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210924-two-jailed-azeri-rights-activists-begin-hunger-strike-in-iran/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20220105131100/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20210924-two-jailed-azeri-rights-activists-begin-hunger-strike-in-iran/|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Two jailed Azeri rights activists begin hunger strike in Iran|date=September 24, 2021|publisher=middleeastmonitor.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, o degaara ndị ọrụ ụlọ ikpe akwụkwọ ozi n'ụzọ doro anya n'ihe gbasara ịnapụ ha ikike ịpụ. N'akwụkwọ ozi ya, ọ chọrọ ka a tọhapụ ya na ezumike ma gwọọ ya n'èzí ụlọ mkpọrọ, na-akọwa oke ọrịa ya, mkpa ọ dị ịwa ya anya na nchọpụta ya nke ọrịa shuga nke ụdị nke abụọ ya. Ọ katọkwara mkpọrọ a tụrụ ya maka ịga emume International Mother Language Day yana maka ọrụ ya na ikike nke asụsụ Turkey na agbụrụ n'okpuru iwu, na-ekwu na a gụpụụrụ ya naanị ụbọchị atọ n'oge ọnwa iri abụọ ọ nọrọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/fershi-mektub/6316835.html|title=Əlirza Fərşi məhkəməyə açıq məktub ünvanlayıb|author=Hamid Məlikoğlu|date=November 17, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Disemba 12, 2021, Alireza Farshi, onye nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Tehran dị ukwuu, malitere ịnọ agụụ ụbọchị atọ. N'akwụkwọ ozi o si n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dee, o kwuru na ịnọ agụụ ahụ bụ iji mee mkpesa maka mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere ọtịta nke ọdọ mmiri Urmia, ịtụfu unyi n'ime Osimiri Araz, ọnọdụ ndụ nke ndị ọrụ na ndị nkuzi, enweghị ọrụ dị na Azerbaijan, na nrụgide iwu na-akwadoghị na ndị na-eme mkpọsa na mba Azerbaijan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-3-g%C3%BCnl%C3%BCk-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b-/6351071.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212194425/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fi-3-g%C3%BCnl%C3%BCk-acl%C4%B1q-aksiyas%C4%B1na-ba%C5%9Flay%C4%B1b-/6351071.html|archivedate=December 12, 2021|title=Əlirza Fərşi 3 günlük aclıq aksiyasına başlayıb|author=Hamid Məlikoğlu|date=December 12, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ngagharị iwe megide njichi ya ===
Amnesty International ekwuputala na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ n'ihi akọ na uche ma chọọ ka a tọhapụ ya ozugbo n'ihi na o nweghị ihe ndekọ mpụ ma na-agbachitere ikike mmadụ na ikike asụsụ amaala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722223953/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/|archivedate=July 22, 2021|title=Iran: Defender beaten and denied health care: Alireza Farshi|date=July 20, 2021|publisher=[[Amnesty International]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210722223953/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/ &quot;Iran: Defender beaten and denied health care: Alireza Farshi&quot;]. [[Amnesty International]]. July 20, 2021. Archived from [https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/4484/2021/en/ the original] on July 22, 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 8,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Mee 2021, òtù Erk-Azerbaijan na-ahụ maka ikike mmadụ zigaara UN akwụkwọ ozi nke isiokwu ya bụ &quot;Nledo ọnọdụ nke ndị mkpọrọ ọdịbendị Azerbaijan&quot;. N'akwụkwọ ozi a, ha gosipụtara nchegbu banyere ọnọdụ Alireza Farshi. A chọpụtara na Alireza Farshi nwere ọrịa shuga n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ọnọdụ ya kakwara njọ n'ihi enweghị ọgwụgwọ. Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụ ezie na anya ya adịghị mma ma chọọ ka a waa ya awa, ọ nwetabeghị ohere ọ bụla maka ọgwụgwọ na ịwa ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aznews.tv/az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbusla-bagli-yenid%C9%99n-birl%C9%99smis-mill%C9%99tl%C9%99r-t%C9%99skilatina-muraci%C9%99t-edildi/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114082245/https://www.aznews.tv/az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbusla-bagli-yenid%C9%99n-birl%C9%99smis-mill%C9%99tl%C9%99r-t%C9%99skilatina-muraci%C9%99t-edildi/|archivedate=January 14, 2022|title=Azərbaycanlı siyasi məhbusla bağlı yenidən Birləşmiş millətlər təşkilatına müraciət edildi|publisher=aznews.tv|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2021, ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị na mba ahụ kesara akwụkwọ mpịakọta n'okporo ámá Tabriz na-achọ ka a tọhapụ onye mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Alireza Farshi. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe madochara akwụkwọ mmado na akwụkwọ mpịakọta nke isiokwu ya bụ &quot;Alireza Farshi, a mara mmadụ a ikpe nnwere onwe&quot;, &quot;Ncheta ụbọchị ọmụmụ ọma maka dike mba Azerbaijan Turkic, Nna Babek&quot; na mgbidi n'ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Tabriz ma kesaa ha n'etiti ndị bi na ya. Na mgbakwunye, na Julaị 5, e mere ngagharị iwe na Marand iji kwado Alireza Farshi na megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi megide ya. Ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị nke obodo Marand kesara akwụkwọ mmado &quot;Ndụ Alireza Farshi nọ n'ihe ize ndụ&quot;, &quot;Ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Azerbaijan bụ akara uhie anyị&quot; ma kwụnye ọkọlọtọ na àkwà mmiri obodo ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sozcu.az/?p=110875|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105080545/https://sozcu.az/?p=110875|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Milli fəallar Təbrizdə aksiya keçirdi: Əlirza Fərşiyə azadlıq tələb olunub|date=July 6, 2021|publisher=sozcu.az|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gadtb.com/m%C9%99r%C9%99ndd%C9%99-az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbus-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-m%C9%99qs%C9%99dil%C9%99-boyuk-banner-asildi/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105082627/https://gadtb.com/m%C9%99r%C9%99ndd%C9%99-az%C9%99rbaycanli-siyasi-m%C9%99hbus-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99rsiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-m%C9%99qs%C9%99dil%C9%99-boyuk-banner-asildi/|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Mərənddə azərbaycanlı siyasi məhbus Əlirza Fərşiyə dəstək məqsədilə böyük banner asıldı|date=July 6, 2021|publisher=gadtb.com|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Julaị 16, 2021, òtù iri na asatọ na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ wepụtara nkwupụta ha jikọrọ aka ọnụ kwuo iji kwado Alireza Farshi. Na nkwupụta ha, ha kwuru na Alireza Farshi nwetara mmeso omume obi ọjọọ, obi ịta mmiri na nke na-eweda mmadụ n'ala n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ nataghị nlekọta ahụike ọ chọrọ. Ha kpọrọ ndị ọrụ nke Islamic Republic nke Iran ka ha mee ihe ndị dị mkpa iji chebe ndụ na ahụike Alireza Farshi ma nye ya nlekọta ahụike pụrụ iche dị ka ọ dị mkpa. Ha chọkwara ka a tọhapụ Alireza Farshi ozugbo na n'enweghị ihe mgbochi, yana ikpe ndị biri ya ebubo iwu na-akwadoghị na mmeso ọjọọ ikpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://united4iran.org/press-release-alireza-farshi|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716183834/https://united4iran.org/press-release-alireza-farshi|archivedate=July 16, 2021|title=Press Release Regarding the Situation of Mr. Alireza Farshi, the imprisoned Azerbaijani Turks' Human and Civil Rights Activist in Iran|date=July 16, 2021|publisher=united4iran.org|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/insan-haqlar%C4%B1-qrupundan-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-b%C9%99yanat%C4%B1/5969200.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717193706/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/insan-haqlar%C4%B1-qrupundan-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Fiy%C9%99-d%C9%99st%C9%99k-b%C9%99yanat%C4%B1/5969200.html|archivedate=July 17, 2021|title=18 insan haqları qrupundan Əlirza Fərşiyə dəstək bəyanatı|date=July 17, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, onye UN Special Rapporteur n'ihe gbasara ikike mmadụ na Iran, Javid Rahman, nyere akụkọ ya ọzọ gbasara mmebi ikike mmadụ na Iran nye Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UN. O kwuru na akụkọ dị peeji iri abụọ na ise na ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na ndị obodo Turkey dị ka Abbas Lisani na Alireza Farshi na Iran Azerbaijan bụ ndị a lekwasịrị anya maka ịgbachitere ikike ndị ka nta, nakwa na e metọrọ Alireza Garshi mmetọ nke anụ ahụ ma mesoo ya omume ọjọọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/bmt-nin-x%C3%BCsusi-m%C9%99ruz%C9%99%C3%A7isi-yeni-hesabat%C4%B1nda-abbas-lisani-v%C9%99-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Finin-durumuna-diqq%C9%99t-%C3%A7%C9%99kib/6012379.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824112604/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/bmt-nin-x%C3%BCsusi-m%C9%99ruz%C9%99%C3%A7isi-yeni-hesabat%C4%B1nda-abbas-lisani-v%C9%99-%C9%99lirza-f%C9%99r%C5%9Finin-durumuna-diqq%C9%99t-%C3%A7%C9%99kib/6012379.html|archivedate=August 24, 2021|title=BMT-nin xüsusi məruzəçisi yeni hesabatında Abbas Lisani və Əlirza Fərşinin vəziyyətinə diqqət çəkib|date=August 23, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021, ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị na mba kwụnyere ọkọlọtọ n'okporo ámá niile nke Tabriz na-ekwu &quot;Nnwere Onwe&quot;, &quot;Alirza Farshi&quot;, &quot;A maala mmadụ ahụ ikpe Nnwere Onwe&quot; &quot;Nye m aka gị, nke a chụpụrụ site n'ife efe, ọ na-agụ m ka ébé ọkụ na-agba - anọwo m n'ọchịchịrị ruo afọ iri anọ na atọ&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/brizd-t-rk-dili-f-al-lirza-r-iy-d-st-k-bannerl-ri|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20220105082023/http://www.gunaz.tv/az/new/brizd-t-rk-dili-f-al-lirza-r-iy-d-st-k-bannerl-ri#selection-1127.48-1127.196|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Təbrizdə türk dili fəalı Əlirza Fərşiyə dəstək aksiyası keçirilib|date=October 14, 2021|publisher=GünAz TV|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/fershi-azadliq/6270368.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105084609/https://www.amerikaninsesi.org/a/fershi-azadliq/6270368.html|archivedate=January 5, 2022|title=Təbrizdə siyasi məhbus Əlirza Fərşinin azadlığı tələb edilib|author=Hamid Malikoghlu|date=October 14, 2021|publisher=[[Voice of America]]|accessdate=March 8, 2022|language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Delmwa Deshi-Kura</title>
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        <username>Vivian Amalachukwu</username>
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'''Delmwa Deshi-Kura''' bụ onye isi mmepụta ihe nkiri Naijiria. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Emmanuel|first=Olu|date=2016-05-23|title=Delmwa: Nigeria's behind -the-screen sheriff has a new show in town|url=https://nationaldailyng.com/delmwa-nigerias-behind-the-screen-sheriff-has-a-new-show-in-town/|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=National Daily Newspaper|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFEmmanuel2016&quot;&gt;Emmanuel, Olu (2016-05-23). [https://nationaldailyng.com/delmwa-nigerias-behind-the-screen-sheriff-has-a-new-show-in-town/ &quot;Delmwa: Nigeria's behind -the-screen sheriff has a new show in town&quot;]. ''National Daily Newspaper''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-03-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Delmwa Deshi-Kura {{!}} Director, Producer, Writer|url=https://m.imdb.com/name/nm16779504/|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=IMDb|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2022 Africa Program Fellows|url=https://www.efworld.org/meet-the-fellows/2022-africa-program-fellows/|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=Eisenhower Fellowships|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.efworld.org/meet-the-fellows/2022-africa-program-fellows/ &quot;2022 Africa Program Fellows&quot;]. ''Eisenhower Fellowships''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-03-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Delmwa na  [[Lafia]], nke bụzi isi obodo Nasarawa Steeti. Ọ si Plateau Steeti. Nna ya rụrụ ọrụ na Plateau Radio Television Corporation na-enye Delmwa ihe ngosi nye ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị otu teknụzụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2016-05-28|title=Delmwa Deshi-Kura: In the spotlight|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/delmwa-deshi-kura/|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara nnabata na Mahadum nke Jos iji mụọ akwụkwọ Bekee na Ọmụmụ asụsụ. N'ikpeazụ, Delmwa nwetara Master of Business Administration na Mahadum Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Nkwado sitere na UAC mere ka ọrụ Delmwa gaa n'ihu na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri. Delmwa nọrọ otu afọ na Lagos Business School na-amụ mmepe ụlọ ọrụ iji mee ka ihe ọmụma ya banyere mmepụta ihe nkiri sie ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Enyere Delmwa akwụkwọ mmụta Goldman Sachs maka ụmụ agbọghọ na-azụ ahịa  .&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2016-05-28|title=Delmwa Deshi-Kura: In the spotlight|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/delmwa-deshi-kura/|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Delmwa mepụtara ma duzie Duplicity, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Africa Magic presents Duplicity|url=https://www.dstv.com/africamagic/en-ng/news/africa-magic-duplicity|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=Africa Magic - Africa Magic presents Duplicity|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Naija NextGen'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Emelike|first=Obinna|date=2024-10-11|title=Naija NextGen introduces short films to inspire generation of leaders|url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/naija-nextgen-introduces-short-films-to-inspire-generation-of-leaders/|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Discovery+234, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=BWN|date=2016-02-09|title=Discovery +234 Season Two Launch Guarantees More Entertainment And Inspiration|url=https://bizwatchnigeria.ng/discovery-234-season-two-launched-guarantees-more-entertainment-information-and-inspiration/|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=BizWatchNigeria.Ng|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Real Housewives Of Abuja, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-02-12|title=Fans Thrill As &quot;The Real Housewives Of Abuja&quot; Premieres At Transcorp Hilton – Independent Newspaper Nigeria|url=https://independent.ng/fans-thrill-as-the-real-housewives-of-abuja-premieres-at-transcorp-hilton/|accessdate=2025-03-20|language=en-GB|work=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Date My Family Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MultiChoice Studios - Date My Family Nigeria|url=https://www.multichoicestudios.com/show/date-my-family-nigeria|accessdate=2025-03-20|work=www.multichoicestudios.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara ya n'etiti Einsenhower Fellowships 2022 Africa Program Fellows . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

* MTV Base The Big Friday Show (2011) 
* Nchọpụta+234 (2015) 
* Ịghọ aghụghọ (2016) 
* Ụbọchị Ezinụlọ M Naịjirịa (2020) 
* Ezigbo Ndị Nwanyị nke Abuja (2023) 
* Naija NextGen (2024) 

== Ihe nrite ==
N'afọ 2013, Delmwa meriri ihe nrite ihe nkiri na Discop, Johannesburg, South Africa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible&quot;
|+
!Afọ
!Ememe mmeri
!Ụdị
!Ihe nkiri
!Nsonaazụ
|-
!2017
![[Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards]]
!Usoro ihe nkiri TV kacha mma
!Ịdị okpukpu abụọ
!Ndị a họpụtara
|}

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshi-Kura, Delmwa}}
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    <title>Angharad Tomos</title>
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        <username>NiferO</username>
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      <text bytes="8934" sha1="swswcy7r8t2pncapefw8y4dxuxklqhi" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Angharad Tomos.JPG|thumb|300x300px|Angharad Tomos]]
 

'''Angharad Tomos''' (amụrụ na 19 Julaị 1958) bụ onye edemede Wales na onye a ma ama na-akwado asụsụ. Ọ bụ onye natara ihe nrite Tir na n-Og .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Tomos na Bangor, Gwynedd, na 1958, e wee zulite ya na ụmụnne ya nwanyị anọ na Llanwnda dị nso naCaernarfon. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Ysgol Gynradd Bontnewydd na Ysgol Dyffryn Nantlle. Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ dị elu ya na Mahadum Aberystwyth, mana ọ pụrụ tupu ọ gụchaa akwụkwọ ya iji gaa rụọ ọrụ na Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg. O mechara gụsịa akwụkwọ na Welsh na ọmụmụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Mahadum Bangor wee gaa n'ihu nweta nzere MA.&lt;ref name=&quot;BangorUni&quot;/&gt;

Tomos lụrụ Ben Gregory ma biri na [[Gwynedd]]&quot;

== Ide ihe ==
Tomos nyere aka nke ukwuu na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ụmụaka nke asụsụ Welsh. O meriri okpueze na Eisteddfod yr Urdd na 1982, ya na ''Hen Fyd Hurt'', nke a pụrụ ịsụgharị dị ka &quot;Silly Old World&quot; n'asụsụ Bekee ma nwee echiche ila azụ nke Tomos banyere ahụmịhe ya mgbe ọ na-enweghị ọrụ. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Heulwen, onye na-enweghị ọrụ, na-amụ ise ihe, dị ka Tomos n'onwe ya.

Akwụkwọ ụmụaka o derela ma gosipụta gụnyere usoro ''Rwdlan'' (To prattle) nke dị mpịakọta iri na atọ nwere eserese onyinyo onwe ya emere na Gwlad y Rwla. Ọ natara ihe nrite Tir na n-Óg. ''Rala Rwdins'', aha mbụ na usoro ahụ, pụtara dị ka Y Lolfa na 1983. Ka oge na-aga, e nwere ihe nkiri telivishọn na ihe nkiri nke edemede o dere. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; A sụgharịala usoro ahụ gaa n'asụsụ Irish na Briten. 

N'afọ 1985, Tomos ritere ihe nrite Academi Gymreig maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya ''Yma O Hyd'' banyere ndụ n'ime ụlọ mkpọrọ, nke ọ nwetara na Ụlọ Mkpọrọ Risley maka omume ndị o mere mgbe ọ na-eme mkpọsa maka asụsụ Welsh.&lt;ref name=&quot;BangorUni&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bangor.ac.uk/ysgolygymraeg/newyddion/ymweliad_angharad.php.en|title=Angharad Tomos and Gwen Griffith discuss their novels|publisher=Bangor University|year=2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwara ịrịgo na ihe na-ezipụ ozi na TV Crystal Palace iji gosipụta nchegbu o nwere banyere enweghị mgbasa ozi telivishọn na Welsh. Yma O Hyd (Ka nọ 'ebe a) na-ewere ụdị akwụkwọ akụkọ iwu na-akwadoghị nke otu nwanyị mkpọrọ dere na akwụkwọ mposi. Aha ahụ sitere n'abụ isiokwu nke mmegharị ọdịbendị nke afọ 1980 nke Dafydd Iwan dere dị ka nzaghachi nnupụisi maka ntuli aka ọ dara ada na ya maka nzukọ Welsh na 1979.

Si Hei Lwli (1991) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke atọ. O nwekwara ihe gbasara akụkọ ndụ onwe onye. Aha ya sitere na abụ nwa Welsh. Akụkọ ahụ kọrọ maka njem ụgbọala nke bụ onye bụ isi àgwà mere, onye ka nọ na afọ ndị iri abụọ ya, ya na nwanne nne ya, onye nọ n'afọ ndị iri itoolu ya.

''Titrwm'' (1994) na-ewere ụdị abụ, na-akọ akụkọ ịkọrọ onweonye banyere nwanyị ntị chiri, nke nwere isi mgbaka a na-akpọ Awen (nke pụtara mkpali mmụọ). N'agbanyeghị nsogbu anụ ahụ na nke uche, ọ mụtara ịgụ akwụkwọ ma nwee mmasị n'akwụkwọ gasị. Nanị onye ọ nwere ike ịgwa okwu bụ nwa ya nwoke ''Titrwm''. Nsogbu nkwurịta okwu o nwere na-egosi ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị e nwere na Wales a kpapụrụ n'akụkụ na dị ka Awen, nke e jị ụzọ ihe atụ kọwaa dịka nke onye England dinara n'ike (nke nwanne ya nwoke mechara gbuo). Mmalite ya na-atụ aro akụkọ onwe onye nke ịhụnanya na njirimara, mana ngwụcha ya nwere ọdịdị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị doro anya. Aha a bụ Titrwm na-egosi ụda nke nkume na-ada ada nke onye na-ahụ n'anya tụrụ na windo enyi ya nwanyị.

N'afọ 2004, Tomos dere ''Wele'n Gwawrio'' (Behold, It Dawns), ọzọkwa nwere aha sitere na abụ, nke n'oge a bụrụ abụ Ekeresimesi. Ọ na-egosi mmalite nke puku afọ nke atọ, site na onye isi àgwà jupụtara na iwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma na-achọ nkasi obi na ntụgharị uche okpukpe.

O bipụtara akwụkwọ bụ otu n'ime ọha, Ragom, n'afọ 2004, na-atụle arụrụala nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ na nke Abụọ.

Tomas na-ede kọlụm n'asụsụ Welsh maka Daily Post yana blọọgụ na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailypostcymraeg.co.uk/blogiau/angharad-tomos/|title=Blogiau: Angharad Tomos|work=Daily Post|language=Welsh}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2009, e kpughere Tomos a kpụrụ akpụ na Parc Glynllifon, dị nso na Caernarfon, nke atọ n'ime usoro isii nke onye na-ese ihe na Welsh bụ Katie Scarlett Howard mere dị ka akụkụ nke ọrụ &quot;Woman of Substance&quot; nke ndị na-ese ihe ka na-etopụta etopụta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/2009/09/25/statue-of-angharad-tomos-unveiled-at-parc-glynllifon-55578-24776404/|title=Statue of Angharad Tomos unveiled at Parc Glynllifon|author=Hywel Trewyn|work=Daily Post|date=25 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ Tomos na-ejikarị ihe gbasara akụkọ ndụ onwe onye, mkparịta ụka nkà ihe ọmụma, satire na ọchị eme ihe. Ọ na-ezo aka na ihe nketa ọdịbendị Welsh, dị ka akụkọ ifo, ndị dike nwoke na nwanyị, abụ na uri, ha niile bụ ndị dị n'ọnọdụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya na-egosipụta ụdị edemede onwe onye karịsịa na nkọwa nke ndụ nkịtị nke a na-egosi site n'ụzọ na-atọ ọchị ma ọ bụ na-atọ ụtọ. Ihe odide ya na-etinye ihe ndị dị na ịsụ asụsụ pijin yana asụsụ obodo nke na-enye echiche nke asụsụ Welsh na ọdịbendị ziri ezi.

Isiokwu ya na-egosi ụwa na-enwe nsogbu n'ihi enweghị nhatanha, ọkachasị enweghị ohere hà nhata iji zụlite ikike. Ọ na-akwado mgbanwe na ikike mmadụ, ya mere ọ na-agafe ọnọdụ Welsh baa n'ime echiche zuru ụwa.

Ụdị ndị ọzọ o derela na ya gụnyere akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ime njem, edemede telivishọn, ihe nkiri (''Cyffs'', 1994), ihe nkiri na nkatọ uri, akụkọ ndụ onwe onye (''Cnonyn Aflonydd'', 2001), kọlụm akwụkwọ akụkọ na edemede akwụkwọ akụkọ (karịsịa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akwụkwọ).

== Mgbalị Nkwado Asụsụ ==
Tomos bụ onye isi oche nke Cymdeithas yr Iaith site na 1982 ruo 1984, n'oge mmalite nke mkpọsa maka Iwu Asụsụ Welsh na òtù iji zụlite agụmakwụkwọ Welsh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cymdeithas.org/2004/05/19/angharad_tomos.html|title=Angharad Tomos|publisher=Cymdeithas yr Iaith|date=19 May 2004|language=Welsh|accessdate=28 November 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725220100/http://cymdeithas.org/2004/05/19/angharad_tomos.html|archivedate=25 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ Ndị O Dere ==

=== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ===

* Yma o Hyd, December 1985 (Na Lolfa) 
* Si Hei Lwli, Jenụwarị 1991 (Na Lolfa) 
* ''Hen Fyd Hurt'', Jenụwarị 1992 (Na Lolfa) 
* ''Titrwm'', Jenụwarị 1994 (Na Lolfa) 
* ''Wele'n Gwawrio'', August 2004 (Na Lolfa) 
* Ragom, Ọktoba 2004 (Gwasg Carreg Gwalch) 
* ''Wörth fy Nagrau i'', October 2007 (Gwasg Carreg Gwalch) 

=== Akụkọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo ===

* ''Cifres na Cewri: 23. Cnonyn Aflonydd'', July 2001 (Gwasg Gwynedd) 
* Hiraeth am Yfory: Hanes David Thomas a Mudiad Llafur Gogledd Cymru, July 2002 (Gwasg Gomer) 
* ''Y Byd a'r Betws'', December 2003 (Na Lolfa) 

=== Nke Ụmụaka ===

* Usoro ''Rwdlan'', 1983- (Na Lolfa) 
* ''Stwnsh Rwdlan - Llyfr Coginio na Blant Bach'', November 1997 (Na Lolfa) 
* ''Òtù Cwmwl - Llyfr Coginio na Blant Bach'', Septemba 1998 (Na Lolfa) 
* Cifres Darllen Limit Dim usoro, October 2006 (Na Lolfa) 
* Usoro ''Guto'', 1991 (Cwmni Recordiau Sain) 
* Llyfrau Fi nke iri na abụọ, 1999

== Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye ùgwù ==

* 1982 - Okpueze, Eisteddfod yr Urdd maka ''Hen Fyd Hurt''
* 1986 - Onyinye Tir na n-Og maka ''Na Llipryn Llwyd'' (Cyfres Rwdlan) 
* 1991 - Prose Medal, Welsh National Eisteddfod maka Si Hei Lwli''Ọ bụrụ na Hei Lwli''
* 1997 - Prose Medal, Welsh National Eisteddfod maka ''Wele'n Gwawrio''
* 1994 - Tir na n-Og Award maka Sothach a Sglyfath (Cyfres Cled) 
* 2009 - Ihe nrite Mary Vaughan Jones

== Ebemsidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720064652/http://ead.llgc.org.uk/arddangos_fs.php?iaith=cym&amp;saan=0000199786 Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Mba nke Wales, ebe nchekwa ihe ochie] 
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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  <page>
    <title>Nathalie Björn</title>
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      <text bytes="24095" sha1="cqh02yudgrn4zqz0ykj7xadfj63lpan" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Nathalie_Björn_20181101.jpg|thumb|Björn na-egwuri egwu maka Rosengård megide Slavia Prague, Nọvemba 2018]]
 

'''Gun Nathalie Björn''' (; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/DN3EXz1xEMJ/?igsh=MTZkcWo2Z2dvdTg0MA==|title=Chelsea player pronunciations 😅 🗣️|publisher=[[Chelsea F.C. Women]]|work=[[Instagram]]|date=27 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; amụrụ ya na 4 Mee 1997) bụ ọkachamara n'egwuregwu bọọlụ na mba Sweden, onye na-agba bọọlụ dịka onye na-agbachitere otu egwuregwu Super League nke ụmụnwaanyị Chelsea na otu egwuregwu mba Sweden. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nathalie Bjorn is a Blue!|url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/nathalie-bjorn-is-a-blue|work=Chelsea F.C.|accessdate=10 January 2024|date=10 January 2024|archivedate=10 January 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110143946/https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/nathalie-bjorn-is-a-blue}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
Björn malitere na Vaksala SK, otu egwuregwu dị na Uppsala, nke ọ gbara bọọlụ na iko mba Sweden mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ. Na 2013, dịka nwa agbọghọ dị afọ iri na isii, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka IK Sirius na Elilettan, nke bụ ngalaba nke abụọ na bọọlụ mba Sweden nke e hiwere ọhụrụ n'afọ ahụ. Mgbe ọ mechara nke atọ, otu ahụ tụfuru nkwalite na Damallsvenskan. Björn mechara kwaga n'ọkwa nke abụọ AIK wee gbaa bọọlụ maka ha na ngalaba mbụ n'oge sochirinụ, ebe ha zere ịda mba dịka nke atọ site na nke ikpeazụ. N'oge 2015, otu ahụ bịara nke ikpeazụ ma gbadaa ọzọ. Björn mechara kwaga n'ọkwa nke abụọ na Eskilstuna United. Site na nke a, ọ bịara nke atọ na 2016 na 2017 ma sonye na asọmpi UEFA Champions League nke 2016/17, ebe ọ gbara ihe karịrị nkeji iri itoolu na mmeri abụọ megide Glasgow City FC na agba nke iri na isii. Na agba nke iri na isii megide VfL Wolfsburg, a gbanwere ya mgbe nkeji iri asatọ na otu gachara. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Rosengård ===

Mgbe oge abụọ gachara na Eskilstuna, Björn kwagara n'òtù FC Rosengård nke abụọ, onye ya na ya mechara nke atọ n'oge 2018. Na 18 Mee 2018, ọ meriri iko na Rosengård wee merie iko mba mbụ ya. Na 2018/19 Champions League, ọ gbara egwuregwu anọ zuru oke, mana a chụpụrụ ya na agba nke 16 mgbe e meriri ya n'ụlọ 3-2 na mmeri na-enweghị goolu megide Slavia Prague. N'ụbọchị mbụ nke oge 2019, ọ gbara naanị goolu n'egwuregwu ahụ na nkeji 90 megide klọb ochie ya bụ Eskilstuna United, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ goolu mbụ ya n'asọmpi liigi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Eskilstuna United vs. Rosengård - 14 April 2019 - Soccerway|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/04/14/sweden/damallsvenskan/eskilstuna-united/lait-de-beaute-fc-malmo/2952006/|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=int.soccerway.com|archivedate=31 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731170357/https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/04/14/sweden/damallsvenskan/eskilstuna-united/lait-de-beaute-fc-malmo/2952006/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-04-15|title=Björn matchvinnare för FC Rosengård – FC Rosengård|url=https://fcrosengard.se/bjorn-raddade-tre-poang-till-rosengard/|accessdate=2024-01-11|language=sv-SE}}&lt;/ref&gt; . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Everton ===
N'afọ 2021, mgbe egwuregwu asatọ gachara na oge Damallsvenskan, Björn kwagara Everton ebe ọ natara nkwekọrịta afọ atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Björn Joins Everton|url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2187253/bjorn-joins-everton|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=www.evertonfc.com|language=en|archivedate=22 January 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122163928/https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2187253/bjorn-joins-everton}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke oge 202-22, ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Everton na 1-1 draw megide Brighton. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Björn Strikes As Everton End Season With Draw|url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2608976/bjorn-strikes-as-everton-end-season-with-draw|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=www.evertonfc.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2022-23, ọ nọ na pasentị 81 maka tackles n'etiti ndị na-agbachitere etiti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-01-13|title=How does Chelsea Women's newest signing Nathalie Björn fit into the side?|url=https://theprideoflondon.com/posts/how-does-chelsea-women-s-newest-signing-nathalie-bjorn-fit-into-the-side-01hkfk0re0d9|accessdate=2024-01-15|work=The Pride of London|language=en-US|archivedate=15 January 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115100914/https://theprideoflondon.com/posts/how-does-chelsea-women-s-newest-signing-nathalie-bjorn-fit-into-the-side-01hkfk0re0d9}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ ya Player of the Season maka 2022-23.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Everton Award Winners Revealed|url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/3514613/everton-award-winners-revealed|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=www.evertonfc.com|language=en|archivedate=29 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029160634/https://www.evertonfc.com/news/3514613/everton-award-winners-revealed}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na onye otu ya bụ onye Sweden Hanna Bennison, Björn gara n'ihu na 2023 World Cup nke onye ọ bụla Everton.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Downey|first=Sophie|date=2023-09-26|title=Women's Super League 2023-24 previews No 6: Everton|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/sep/26/womens-super-league-2023-24-previews-no-6-everton|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ lọtara site na mmerụ ahụ na mbido ọnwa Nọvemba, ihe ịga nke ọma ya na Aston Villa nyere Everton mmeri 2-1 n'otu n'ime egwuregwu ikpeazụ ya na klọb ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Everton beat Villa to move clear of relegation zone|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/67466053|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bjorn: Everton Fight Key For Success|url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/3799040/bjorn-everton-fight-key-for-success|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=www.evertonfc.com|language=en|archivedate=11 January 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111111219/https://www.evertonfc.com/news/3799040/bjorn-everton-fight-key-for-success}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Chelsea ===
Na 10 Jenụwarị 2024, Björn bịanyere aka na Chelsea na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na ọkara dị ka onye mbụ bịanyere aha na klọb ahụ n'afọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Chelsea sign defender Bjorn from Everton|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/67932838|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 14 Jenụwarị na mmeri 3-1 FA Cup megide West Ham, na-abịa dị ka onye nọchiri Jess Carter na nkeji nke 59.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Chelsea Women v West Ham United Women|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/67975007|accessdate=2024-01-15|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; O bidoro nke mbụ ya maka otu ahụ n'izu na-esote, na-egwu nkeji 90 zuru ezu ma na-enyere aka na goolu na mmeri 3-1 megide Manchester United.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=James scores three as Chelsea beat Man Utd|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/67972884|accessdate=2024-01-21|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Machị, ọ malitere ịgba goolu na mmeri 4-0 megide Leicester City na nkeji nke iri atọ na asatọ, goolu mbụ ya maka Chelsea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Macario scores as Chelsea beat Leicester to go top|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68395506|accessdate=2024-03-05|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Mee, ọ malitere ma nyere Chelsea aka idebe akwụkwọ dị ọcha na mmeri 0-6 megide Manchester United na Old Trafford n'ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke oge ahụ ka klọb ahụ nwetara aha WSL nke ise n'usoro na ọdịiche goolu n'ihu Manchester City. Ọ bụ iko mbụ Björn dị ka onye egwuregwu Chelsea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Chelsea wrapped up a sensational fifth successive Women's Super League title by thrashing Manchester United at Old Trafford in Emma Hayes' final game in charge.|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c51nnyd1970t|accessdate=2024-05-18|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 18 Disemba 2025, e nyere ya onyinye Diamond Ball . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.svt.se/sport/fotboll/nathalie-bjorn-far-diamantbollen-2025|title=Nathalie Björn får Diamantbollen 2025|publisher=SVT Sport|author=André Miettinen Persson|language=Swedish|date=18 December 2025|accessdate=18 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sverigesradio.se/artikel/diamantbollen-till-forsvarsbjassen-forsta-i-karriaren|title=Diamantbollen till försvarsbjässen|publisher=Radiosporten|language=Swedish|date=18 December 2025|accessdate=18 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=UEFA.com|title=Israel-Sweden|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/match/2016635--israel-vs-sweden/|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; . &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Onye Ukwu ===
N'abalịiri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2016, ọ pụtara nke mbụ ya n'òtù ndị isi mba. Na mmeri 7-0 megide Iran, ndị na-egwu na Europe na nke mbụ ya, ọ nọ na mbido mmalite ma bụrụ otO sonyekwara na agba mbụ maka asọmpi European Championship nke afọ 2016 nke ndị na-erubeghị afọ 19, nke Sweden meriri nke ọma site na mmeri atọ. Agbanyeghị, ọ gbaghị asọmpi kachasị elu na Eprel 2016, ebe a chụpụrụ Sweden. n'ime naanị ndị egwuregwu atọ a na-anọchighị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-10-21|title=Sverige - Iran - Matchfakta - Svensk fotboll|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-iran-landskamper-dam-senior/3472108/|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=www.svenskfotboll.se|language=sv|archivedate=15 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415143727/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/sverige-iran-landskamper-dam-senior/3472108/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara bọọlụ nke abụọ ya na mba ụwa n'egwuregwu na-enweghị ihe mgbaru ọsọ megide Norway, mana a gbanwere ya na nkeji anọ tupu egwuregwu ahụ agwụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-10-24|title=Norge - Sverige - Matchfakta - Svensk fotboll|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/norge-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/3472109/|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=www.svenskfotboll.se|language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọtụtụ egwuregwu dị ka onyeisi na ndị otu U-23 na 2018, ọ laghachiri na mbido mmalite na 9 Ọktoba 2018 na mmeri 0-1 megide Ịtali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-10-09|title=Italien - Sverige - Matchfakta - Svensk fotboll|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/italien-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/4095822/|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=www.svenskfotboll.se|language=sv|archivedate=31 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731111554/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/italien-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/4095822/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bịara dị ka onye nnọchi anya mgbe otu awa gasịrị na mmeri 2-0 megide England na ngwụcha oge mba ụwa. Ọ gbara ihe karịrị nkeji iri itoolu na mmeri 1-2 megide Portugal na 2019 Algarve Cup, ebe ọ gbara goolu mba ụwa mbụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Informação|first=Sul|date=2019-03-01|title=Portugal beats mighty Sweden at the start of the Algarve Cup|url=https://www.sulinformacao.pt/en/2019/03/portugal-vence-poderosa-suecia-no-arranque-da-algarve-cup/|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=Sul Informação|language=en|archivedate=11 January 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111113906/https://www.sulinformacao.pt/en/2019/03/portugal-vence-poderosa-suecia-no-arranque-da-algarve-cup/}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Mee, a họpụtara ya maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke afọ 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-05-16|title=Gerhardssons VM-trupp presenterad|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/nyheter/landslag/2019/5/dam-vm-trupp/|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=www.svenskfotboll.se|language=sv|archivedate=7 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607141934/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/nyheter/landslag/2019/5/dam-vm-trupp/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na World Cup, e ji ya mee ihe na nke mbụ ya na ngwụcha nke otu megide USA ma kpọọ ihe karịrị nkeji 90. Sweden meriri 2-0, mana ọ banyere na agba nke 16 dị ka onye nke abụọ n'òtù ahụ, ebe ọ bịara dị ka onye na-anọchi anya Canada na nkeji nke 79. Na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ, Sweden meriri egwuregwu asọmpi megide Germany ọzọ mgbe afọ iri abụọ na anọ gasịrị wee si otú a ruo eru maka Egwuregwu Olimpik nke 2020. Björn bịara dị ka onye nnọchi anya nkeji anọ tupu njedebe nke egwuregwu ahụ. Na ọkara ikpeazụ ha meriri ndị mmeri Europe Netherlands mgbe oge gbakwunyere gasịrị, mana ha meriri egwuregwu ahụ maka ọnọdụ nke atọ megide England, ebe ọ laghachiri na mmalite mmalite ma dochie ya mgbe nkeji iri asaa na abụọ gasịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FIFA Women's World Cup France 2019™: England - Sweden|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/france2019/match-center/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/france2019/match-center/300438257|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=www.fifa.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtakwara ya maka egwuregwu Olimpik nke afọ 2020, nke e yigharịrị otu afọ n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-06-29|title=Truppen till OS i Japan|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/nyheter/landslag/2021/06/svenska-os-truppen-2021/|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=www.svenskfotboll.se|language=sv|archivedate=17 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517081431/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/nyheter/landslag/2021/06/svenska-os-truppen-2021/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge egwuregwu ahụ, e ji ya mee ihe n'egwuregwu niile nke otu ya, na-abịa dị ka onye nnọchi anya ugboro abụọ na ọkara nke abụọ. N'egwuregwu penalty ikpeazụ megide Canada, ọ bụ onye Sweden mbụ nwere ihe ịga nke ọma, mana Sweden meriri nrite ọlaọcha, dịka ọ dị na 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Canada wins Olympic gold over Sweden on Julia Grosso penalty in women's soccer final|url=https://nationalpost.com/sports/olympics/canada-wins-olympic-gold-on-julia-grosso-penalty-in-womens-soccer-final}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na iru eru nke ọma maka Iko Mbaụwa nke 2023, e ji ya mee ihe n'egwuregwu ise, mana ọ bịara dị ka onye nnọchi anya n'oge nkwụsịtụ na egwuregwu mbụ. O nweghị ike isonye n'egwuregwu ahụ na Nọvemba 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-11-21|title=Larsson ersätter Björn|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/nyheter/landslag/2021/11/bjorn-larsson/|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=www.svenskfotboll.se|language=sv|archivedate=31 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731111556/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/nyheter/landslag/2021/11/bjorn-larsson/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha Euro 2022 na England, nke e yigharịrị otu afọ n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19, e ji ya mee ihe na egwuregwu ise nke otu ya. Site na mmeri 4-0 megide ndị na-anabata England, e wepụrụ Sweden na ọkara ikpeazụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=England cruise past Sweden to reach Euro 2022 final|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/62286243|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2023, a gụnyere ya n'ime ndị egwuregwu iri abụọ na atọ maka iko mba ụwa nke afọ 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sweden veteran Seger to play at fifth World Cup|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65902530|accessdate=2023-06-20|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara bọọlụ isii n'ime egwuregwu asaa nke otu ya, naanị ya na ụfọdụ ndị egwuregwu ndị ọzọ na-anọkarị n'egwuregwu nke atọ; ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ gaghị ahapụ otu nkeji. N'ihi mmeri 1-2 na ọkara ikpeazụ megide ndị mmeri Spain, ya na ndị otu ya hapụrụ nke ikpeazụ.&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; s_national_soccer_team=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;Australia women's national soccer team&quot;&gt;Australia-new-zealand2023/scores-fixtures?intcmp=(p_fifaplus)_(d_)_(c_webheader-fwwc2023)_(sc_scoresandfixtures)_(ssc_)_(da_07072023)_(l_de)&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;amp;country=US&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;amp;wtw-filter=ALL&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;amp;stage=none&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;amp;team=Schweden&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;access-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;2024-01-11&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;website&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;www.fifa.com&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;archive-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;11 January 2024&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;archive-url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240111035735/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/de/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/scores-fixtures?intcmp=(p_fifaplus)_(d_)_(c_webheader-fwwc2023)_(sc_scoresandfixtures)_(ssc_)_(da_07072023)_(l_de)&amp;amp;amp;country=US&amp;amp;amp;wtw-filter=ALL&amp;amp;amp;stage=none&amp;amp;amp;team=Schweden&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;url-status&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;live&amp;amp;quot;}},&amp;amp;quot;i&amp;amp;quot;:0}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAxk\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt109\&quot; class=\&quot;citation web cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAxo\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/de/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/scores-fixtures?intcmp=(p_fifaplus)_(d_)_(c_webheader-fwwc2023)_(sc_scoresandfixtures)_(ssc_)_(da_07072023)_(l_de)&amp;amp;amp;country=US&amp;amp;amp;wtw-filter=ALL&amp;amp;amp;stage=none&amp;amp;amp;team=Schweden\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAxs\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Results &amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;amp; fixtures\&quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}' id=&quot;cite_ref-32&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Nathalie_Björn#cite_note-32 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;2&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; O meriri ọla nchara site na mmeri 2-0 meriri Australia n'egwuregwu maka ọnọdụ nke atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Game for third place|url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/de/match-centre/match/103/285026/285029/400258555?competitionEntryId=103|accessdate=2024-01-11|work=www.fifa.com|archivedate=19 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819104519/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/de/match-centre/match/103/285026/285029/400258555?competitionEntryId=103}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Mba Nile ===
{{updated|match played 2 December 2025}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Nathalie Björn - Sperlarstatistik |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/spelarfakta/nathalie-bjorn/685568a1-3b80-4d6b-92bf-bf3be97ab6f9/ |website=Svensk Fotboll |language=Swedish |access-date=1 October 2024 |archive-date=23 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223011426/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/spelarfakta/nathalie-bjorn/685568a1-3b80-4d6b-92bf-bf3be97ab6f9/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |Sweden
|2016
|2
|0
|-
|2018
|2
|0
|-
|2019
|13
|3
|-
|2020
|5
|0
|-
|2021
|12
|1
|-
|2022
|12
|0
|-
|2023
|15
|2
|-
|2024
|8
|0
|-
|2025
|13
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!82
!6
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Sweden na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Björn ọ bụla gasịrị.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Nathalie Björn gbara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ref.
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|1 Machị 2019
|Albufeira Municipal Stadium, Albufeire, Portugal
|{{Fbw|Portugal}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–2
|2019 Algarve Cup
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Portugal–Sverige – Matchfakta|date=March 2019|url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/portugal-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/4129095/|publisher=[[Swedish Football Association]]|language=sv|accessdate=24 July 2023|archivedate=24 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724181208/https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/portugal-sverige-landskamper-dam-senior/4129095/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|9 Eprel 2019
|Motion invest Arena, Maria Enzersdorf, Austria
|{{Fbw|Austria}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
|8 Ọktoba 2019
|Gamla Ullevi, Gothenburg, Sweden
|{{Fbw|Slovakia}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7–0
|Ịga eru maka Euro 2022
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sweden-Slovakia|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenseuropeanqualifiers/match/2027319--sweden-vs-slovakia/|publisher=[[UEFA]]|accessdate=24 September 2023|archivedate=3 November 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103204350/https://www.uefa.com/womenseuropeanqualifiers/match/2027319--sweden-vs-slovakia/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4
|23 Febụwarị 2021
|Hibernians Stadium, Paola, Malta
|{{Fbw|Malta}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ndị nwere omume enyi
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |5
|16 Febụwarị 2023
|Marbella Football Center, Marbella, Spain
|{{Fbw|China}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4–1
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sweden Women vs China Women|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/sweden-women-vs-china-women/stats/480713|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]|accessdate=24 September 2023|archivedate=3 November 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103204350/https://www.skysports.com/football/sweden-women-vs-china-women/stats/480713}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6
|11 Eprel 2023
|Gamla Ullevi, Gothenburg, Sweden
|{{Fbw|Norway}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–2
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–3
|
|}
'''FC Rosengård'''

* Damallsvenskan: 2019
* Svenska Cupen: 2017–18

'''Chelsea'''

* Super League ụmụ nwanyị: 2023-24, 2024-252024–25
* Iko FA nke ụmụ nwanyị: 2024-252024–25
* FA Women's League Cup: 2024-25&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women's League Cup final: Chelsea 2-1 Man City|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cgq9z8xqnj8t|accessdate=2025-03-15|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Sweden U19'''

* UEFA Under-19 Championship: 2015

'''Sweden U17'''

* Onye nke abụọ na UEFA Under-17 Championship: 2013

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Björn na onye na-agba bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Ịtali bụ Aurora Galli nwere mmekọrịta.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Nathalie BjörnnaÒtù Egwuregwu Egwuregwu Egwú nke Sweden  (n'asụsụ Swedish)  
* Nathalie BjörnProfaịlụ otu klọb naSvFF  (n'asụsụ Swedish)  (nke e debere) 
* Nathalie BjörnProfaịlụ otu mba naSvFF  (n'asụsụ Swedish)  (nke e debere) 
* Nathalie Björnn'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
* https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2187253/bjorn-joins-everton
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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  <page>
    <title>Grace Idowu</title>
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      <text bytes="7173" sha1="fb5eifdf7qtvw1roh2iemhbq63uyduc" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Grace Idowu.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Grace Idowu]]
 

''''''Grace Idowu''' Ibukunoluwa''' Listenibest nke a maara dị ka Grace Idowo bụ onye na-abụ abụ ozi ọma na Naịjirịa, na onye na-ede abụ, onye bịanyere aka na Brand New Records ugbu a, yana nkwekọrịta njikwa na Brand New Entertainment. Mmalite mbụ Grace n'ime egwu ahụ nwetara otuto dị ukwuu mgbe o wepụtara &quot;Sokale&quot;, ndekọ nke Maazị Eazi bịanyere aka na ya, wee wepụta ya site na Brand New Records ma nye ikike inye emPawa.

O sonyere na oge nke atọ nke emPawa Africa, a talent incubation na 2020. &lt;ref name=&quot;OkayAfrica&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2023, a họpụtara ya maka AEAUSA Rising Stars na African Entertainment Awards USA,  a họpụtakwara ya na Rising Stars category na Kingdom Achievers Awards.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Abisola|first=Shojobi|title=AEAUSA Releases Nomination List For 2023 Edition|url=https://independent.ng/aeausa-releases-nomination-list-for-2023-edition/|work=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]|accessdate=25 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mix|first=Pulse|title=Kingdom Achievers awards full nomination list 2023|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/kingdom-achievers-awards-full-nomination-list-2023/j8hwp5y|work=Pulse Nigeria|accessdate=25 November 2023|language=en|date=23 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ==
Grace Idowu Ibukunoluwa si Ondo State ma amụọ ya na 5 Mee 2000 na Lagos. Ọ gụrụ egwu na [[Mahadum Babcock]] .

Na Jenụwarị 2020, Oluwole Ogundare bịanyere aka na Grace na Brand New Entertainment na flagship ya Brand New Records . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Grace Idowu: The art of gospel music|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/01/grace-idowu-the-art-of-gospel-music/|work=Vanguard Nigeria|accessdate=25 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 17 Jenụwarị 2020, ọ wepụtara egwu mbụ ya akpọrọ &quot;Jesus&quot; site na Oluwole's Brand New Records na Brand New Entertainment . &lt;ref name=&quot;Independent Nigeria&quot; /&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2020, [[Mr Eazi|Maazị Eazi]] mere ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị omenkà iri atọ a kpọrọ n'ime mmemme emPawa Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;OkayAfrica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mr Eazi Reveals Artists Recruited Onto emPawa Africa Program|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/mr-eazi-reveals-empawa-30-artists/|work=OkayAfrica|publisher=Okayplayer|accessdate=25 November 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere obere ezumike na egwu izizi ya &quot;Sokale&quot;, ndekọ nke [[Mr Eazi|Maazị Eazi]] bịanyere aka na ya, ma nye ya ikikere na emPawa Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mr. Eazi: Grace Idowu’s new song is special to me|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/11/mr-eazi-grace-idowus-new-song-is-special-to-me/|work=Vanguard Nigeria|accessdate=25 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E wepụtara egwu mbụ Grace tinyere ogologo oge nke akpọrọ Amazing God the E.P na 28 Febụwarị 2020. Ep ahụ gosipụtara ngosipụta ọbịa site n'aka onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri Naịjirịa bụ Young D, otu egwu ndị isi nke akpọrọ &quot;Jesus&quot; na-akwadokwa ep ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Independent Nigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Agbana|first=Rotimi|title=Contemporary Gospel Singer, Grace Idowu Set To Drop New Single; ‘Jesus’|url=https://independent.ng/contemporary-gospel-singer-grace-idowu-set-to-drop-new-single-jesus/|work=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]|accessdate=25 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe afọ atọ gachara, ọ laghachiri n'egwuregwu egwu na 12 Ọgọstụ 2023, ya na ndị na-ege ntị pụrụ iche na EP mgbe a tọhapụrụ egwu ya nke abụọ More.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gospel act, Grace Idowu to hold ‘More’ EP listening party|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/07/gospel-act-grace-idowu-to-hold-more-ep-listening-party/|work=Vanguard Nigeria|accessdate=25 November 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2023, ọ wepụtara egwuregwu ya nke abụọ More, nke Zikoko! depụtara n'etiti abọm iri na anọ kachasị elu site n'aka ụmụ nwanyị Naija ruo ugbu a na 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Marv|first=Tomide|title=#BumpThis: 14 Top Albums by Naija Women So Far In 2023|url=https://www.zikoko.com/pop/bumpthis-14-top-albums-by-naija-women-so-far-in-2023/|work=Zikoko!|accessdate=25 November 2023|date=6 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe osise ==
Grace Idowu na-ejikọta ozioma nke oge a na ụdị na ngwakọta nke Oziọma ọdịnala.

N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Tribune, ọ na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Ọrụ egwu ya sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke onye na-agụ egwú gospel nke America, Kierra Sheard na onye na-abụ egwú g Gospel nke Naijiria, [[Victoria Orenze]]&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Omorogbe|first=Paul|title=Grace Idowu: Gospel singer with a voice that touches hearts|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/grace-idowu-gospel-singer-with-a-voice-that-touches-hearts/|work=Tribune Online|accessdate=25 November 2023|date=9 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkọwapụta ==

=== Abọm ndị dị ndụ ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke abọm, na ọkwa chaatị ahọpụtara
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:14em;&quot; |Aha ya
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:20em;&quot; |Nkọwa
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''E mere M Ka A Na-eto Aha Gị''&lt;br /&gt;(with Maverick City Music and Dante Bowe)
|
* Mbipụta: Febraury 27, 2026
* Akara: Tribl RecordsIhe ndekọ Tribl
* Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ, iyi
|}

=== EPs ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe nkiri ndị a gbatịrị agbatị, na nkọwa ndị a họọrọ na ọnọdụ chaatị
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:14em;&quot; |Aha ya
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:17em;&quot; |Nkọwa
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Chineke dị ịtụnanya E.P.''
|
* A tọhapụrụ ya: 28 Febụwarị 2020
* Label: Brand New Records
* Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |''Ndị ọzọ''
|
* A tọhapụrụ ya: 18 Ọgọstụ 2023
* Label: Brand New Records
* Ụdị: Nbudata dijitalụ
|}

=== Dị ka onye na-ese ihe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ndị na-egwu egwu dị ka onye na-eduzi egwu, na afọ a tọhapụrụ na abọm egosiri
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:18em;&quot; |Aha ya
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:1em;&quot; |Afọ
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:12em;&quot; |asambodo
! rowspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:15em;&quot; |Album
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Jizọs&quot; (feat. Young D) &lt;small&gt; (Ọ bụ Young D) &lt;/small&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020
|
|''Chineke dị ịtụnanya E.P.''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |&quot;Sokale&quot;
||{{Non-album single}}
|}

== Ndị a nabatara ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
! width=&quot;250&quot; |Ememe mmeri
! width=&quot;250&quot; |Nkọwa nke onyinye (s) 
! width=&quot;315&quot; |Ọrụ ndị a họpụtara
! width=&quot;80&quot; |Nsonaazụ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2023
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |Ihe nrite ntụrụndụ Africa USA
|AEAUSA Rising Stars
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ya onwe ya|{{Nom}}
|-
|Onyinye Ndị Na-enweta Alaeze
|Kpakpando Na-apụta|{{pending}}
|}

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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    <title>Saadatu Hassan Liman</title>
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'''Saadatu Hassan Liman''' bụ onye Naijiria prọfesọ nke Islamic Studies na ugbu a osote onyeisi ụlọ akwụkwọ mahadum Nasarawa State University, Keff'''i.''' &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Johnson|first=Chris|date=2024-04-18|title=NSUK gets first female Vice Chancellor|url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/04/18/nsuk-gets-first-female-vice-chancellor/|accessdate=2024-04-19|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
O nwetara akara ugo mmụta mbụ ya na ọmụmụ Islam na Mahadum Jos na 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kenechi|first=Stephen|date=2024|title=Saadatu Hassan Liman becomes NSUK VC — first female in 22 years|url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/saadatu-hassan-liman-becomes-first-female-vc-at-nsuk/|work=The Cable}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Saadatu malitere ọrụ ya na [[Mahadum nke Nasarawa|Mahadum steeti Nasarawa]] n'afọ 2002 wee ghọọ prọfesọ n'afọ 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Professor Sa'adatu Hassan Liman – Nasarawa State University, Keffi|url=https://nsuk.edu.ng/professor-saadatu-hassan-liman/|accessdate=2024-04-19|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-04-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419162548/https://nsuk.edu.ng/professor-saadatu-hassan-liman/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria gụrụ akwụkwọ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tima Godbless</title>
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'''Tima Seikeseye Godbless''' (amụrụ na 14 Julaị 2004) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba ọsọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/nigeria/tima-seikeseye-godbless-14909612|title=Tima Godbless|work=World Athletics|accessdate=29 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Tima Seikeseye Godbless na July 14, 2004, na [[Yenagoa|Bebelebiri, Yenagoa, Nigeria]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-11-18|title=Tima Godbless|url=https://lsusports.net/roster/tima-godbless/|accessdate=2025-07-21|work=LSU|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Godbless sonyeere Mahadum Steeti Louisiana na 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sportsnow.com.ng/tima-godbless-finally-joins-ofili-onojuvwevwo-at-lsu/|work=Sportsnow|accessdate=29 March 2024|title=Tima Godbless finally joins Ofili, Onojuvwevwo at LSU|date=22 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== 2021 ===
Na 2021, o meriri ọla nchara dịka akụkụ nke ndị otu egwuregwu agba ọsọ 4 × 100 m nke Naịjirịa na asọmpi egwuregwu mba ụwa nke afọ 2021 na Nairobi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/08/23/team-nigeria-third-in-nairobis-world-athletics-championship/?amp=1|date=23 August 2021|work=pmnewsnigeria|accessdate=29 March 2024|title=Team Nigeria third in Nairobi's World Athletics Championship}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye ikpeazụ na ihe omume nke onye ọ bụla na asọmpi ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.completesports.com/world-athletics-u20-championships-godbless-sets-new-nigeria-record/|work=Complete Sports|accessdate=29 March 2024|title=World Athletics U20 Championships: Godbless Sets New Nigeria Record|date=August 2, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2022 ===
O mechara nke anọ na 2022 African Championships in Athletics - Women's 100 metres.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=World Athletics|accessdate=29 March 2024|url=https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7147626?eventId=10229509|title=African Athletics Championships|date=8 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; O meriri ọla edo na asọmpi ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke ndị otu Naijiria 4 × 100 m relay. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/06/11/mauritius-2022-amusan-anchors-nigeria-4x100m-relay-to-gold?amp=1|work=[[This Day]]|accessdate=29 March 2024|title=Mauritius 2022: Amusan Anchors Nigeria 4x100m Relay to Gold|date=11 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gbara oge nke 11.09 sekọnd n'oge 2022 World Athletics U20 Championships - Women's 100 mita na Cali, ihe ndekọ mba U20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gazettengr.com/tima-godbless-breaks-23-year-national-record-at-world-u-20-championship/|date=3 August 2022|accessdate=29 March 2024|work=Gazettengr|title=Tima Godbless breaks 23-year national record at World U-20 championship|first=Wale|author=Agbede}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Disemba 2022, o ritere ọla edo na 100 mita na Asaba 2022 Sports Festival na 11.32 sekọnd.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Akpodonor|first=Gowon|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/delta-2022-festival-of-upsets-new-records-tears/|work=Guardianng|accessdate=29 March 2024|title=Delta 2022…Festival of upsets, new records, tears|date=18 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecable.ng/delta-2022-tima-godbless-adekalu-fakorede-win-100m-gold-medals/amp?/delta-2022-tima-godbless-adekalu-fakorede-win-100m-gold-medals|work=Thecable.ng|accessdate=29 March 2024|title=Delta 2022: Tima Godbless, Adekalu Fakorede win 100m gold medals|first=Idris|author=Shehu|date=9 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'emume ahụ, ọ gbakwara ọsọ 22.07 iji merie 200m.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sportsnow.com.ng/delta-2022-tima-godbless-runs-new-200m-pb-to-complete-a-sprint-double/|work=Sportsnow|accessdate=29 March 2024|title=Delta 2022: Tima Godbless runs new 200m PB to complete a sprint double|date=8 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2023 ===
Na 2023, o meriri ọsọ abụọ n'asọmpi Afrịka U20 nke afọ 2023 na Ndola, merie ihe nrite ọlaedo 100 m na 200 m, gbaa ọsọ sekọnd 11.43 maka asọmpi mita 100 na s 23.28 na s 200 m. Agbanyeghị, mmerụ ahụ e merụrụ na asọmpi mba Naịjirịa na Benin City kwụsịrị oge ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sportsnow.com.ng/tima-godbless-runs-11-24-to-win-on-collegiate-outdoor-debut-onojuvwevwo-wins-400m-event/|work=Sportsnow|accessdate=29 March 2024|title=Tima Godbless runs 11.24 to win on Collegiate outdoor debut, Onojuvwevwo wins 400m event|date=24 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2024/01/23/top-nigerian-athletes-transitioning-to-the-ncaa-in-2024-part-1/|work=Making of Champs|accessdate=29 March 2024|title=Top Nigerian Athletes transitioning to the NCAA in 2024: Part 1|first=Oluwadare|author=Popoola|date=January 23, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/athletics/story/african-u18-and-u20-championships-godbless-and-ajayi-sprint-to-100m-titles-on-day-2-2023050115474158625|work=Pulsesports.ng|accessdate=7 July 2024|title=African U18 and U20 Championships: Godbless and Ajayi sprint to 100m titles on Day 2|date=1 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2024 ===
Godbless gbara ọsọ nke 11.24s iji merie 100m nke ụmụ nwanyị na Keyth Talley Invitational na Baton Rouge, na Machị 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.legit.ng/people/1585175-tima-godbless-nigerian-sprinter-wins-big-emerges-victories-keyth-balley-invitational/|work=[[Legit.ng]]|accessdate=29 March 2024|title=Tima Godbless: Nigerian Sprinter Wins Big, Emerges Victorious At the Keyth Balley Invitational|date=March 25, 2024|first=Basit|author=Jamiu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara ọsọ dị ka akụkụ nke ndị otu Naijiria 4 × 100 m relay nke ruru eru maka 2024 Paris Olympics na 2024 World Relays Championships na Nassau, Bahamas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-relays/bahamas24/results/women/4x100-metres-relay/final/startlist|accessdate=12 May 2024|title=Women 4x100m Results - World Athletics Relays Championships 2024|date=5 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sonyere na 100 mita na 2024 Paris Olympics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.watchathletics.com/page/5824/women-s-100m-results-paris-olympic-games-2024-athletics|work=Watch Athletics|accessdate=28 December 2024|title=Women's 100 Metres - Paris Olympic Games 2024 Athletics|date=3 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/afn-lists-35-track-and-field-athletes-for-olympics/?amp|work=punchng.com|accessdate=7 July 2024|title=AFN lists 35 track-and-field athletes for Olympics|date=7 July 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mekwara asọmpi na 4 × 100 m relay na egwuregwu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.watchathletics.com/page/5860/women-s-4x100m-relay-results-paris-olympic-games-2024-athletics|work=Watch Athletics|accessdate=28 December 2024|title=Women's 4 x 100 Metres Relay - Paris Olympic Games 2024 Athletics|date=9 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2025 ===
Na Mee 2025, na ihe omume NCAA East Preliminary ọ gbara oge kachasị mma maka 100 mita nke 10.91 sekọnd (1.2 m / s). Oge ahụ mere ka ọ bụrụ onye nke anọ na ndepụta Naijiria niile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/godbless-breaks-sub-11-to-clock-world-lead-in-florida/?amp|work=Punchng.com|accessdate=30 May 2025|title=Godbless breaks sub-11 to clock world lead in Florida|date=30 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ mechara nke atọ na NCAA Outdoor Championships final karịa 100 mita na oge nke 11.19 sekọnd.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=Flotrack|url=https://www.flotrack.org/articles/14297619-samirah-moody-wins-womens-100m-title-at-2025-ncaa-track-championships|title=Samirah Moody Wins Women's 100m Title At 2025 NCAA Track Championships|first=Lindsey|author=Plotkin|date=15 June 2025|accessdate=15 June 2025}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>8xydy266gdp0wkqr5gvkjwguiifgzkf</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Jaakko Gauriloff</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>NiferO</username>
        <id>20385</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added an image</comment>
      <origin>672641</origin>
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      <text bytes="11339" sha1="0zka0p8euq562mgvgzwx49vlj97sb9r" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Offisielt åpning av Riddu Riđđu 2018 (28497696497)-crop 2.jpg|thumb|Jaakko Gauriloff]]
 

'''Jaakko Gauriloff''' (amụrụ na Machị 1939)&lt;ref name=&quot;HS&quot; /&gt;bụ onye na-abụ abụ Skolt Sámi. A na-ewere ya dị ka onye omenkà mbụ gụrụ egwu a ma ama n'asụsụ Skolt Sámi, a na-ekwukwa na ọ bụ Sami mbụ bipụtara abọm na Finland mgbe o bipụtara egwu mbụ ya na ngwụcha afọ 1960..&lt;ref name=&quot;HS&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lapin&quot; /&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Gauriloff n'obodo Suonikylä (Skolt Sami: Suõʹnnʼjel), Mpaghara Petsamo, Finland, ọnwa ole na ole tupu Agha Oge Oyi amalite. A chụpụrụ ezinụlọ ahụ, e tinyekwara Gauriloff n'ime ihe e ji ejide mgbada iji dọpụta ya. N'ihi ihe ụfọdụ, mgbada ahụ malitere, mgbada ahụ na nwa okorobịa Gauriloff tụgharịrị wee tụgharịa n'elu ala n'okpuru snow. N'agbanyeghị ihe a niile, Gauriloff etetaghị, e meziri ihe e ji kpụọ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, nke mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ njem mwepụ nwere ike ịmalite. N'oge agha ahụ, ezinụlọ ahụ laghachiri n'ụlọ,&lt;ref name=&quot;rp&quot; /&gt; ebe Gauriloff gere Olavi Virta na Tatu Pekkarinen na gramophone nna nna ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;lehtola-149&quot; /&gt; In 1944, after the Continuation War, the Suonikylä Skolts were once again evacuated, this time to the Oulu region.&lt;ref name=&quot;rp&quot; /&gt;Mgbe e mesịrị, e mere ka ha biri n'ógbè Sevettijärvi nke Inari. Ndị mụrụ Gauriloff achọghị ibi ebe ahụ, ya mere ụlọ nke mbụ dị na Sevettijärvi tọgbọ chakoo. Na 1956, ha nwetara ụlọ na Nilijärvi, dị nso na Nellim, ebe ha mechara biri.&lt;ref name=&quot;HS&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kolttien oma iskelmälaulaja. Olavi Virran ääni teki kotinsa menettäneeseen Jaakko Gauriloffiin niin vahvan vaikutuksen, että hän päätti itsekin ryhtyä laulajaksi|first=Liisa|author=Kuittinen|url=https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000006230675.html|work=Helsingin Sanomat|publisher=Sanoma|date=7 September 2019|page=A 24|accessdate=9 September 2019|language=fi}}
[[Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Gauriloff malitere inwe mmasị na egwu na 1950s mgbe ọ gere ntị na ndekọ Olavi Virta na Veikko Tuomi n'ụlọ. &quot;Amụtala m ịbụ abụ ndị ahụ niile, 'Hopeinen kuu' na ihe niile&quot;, ka o mechara kwuo. Mgbe ọ nụrụ na Olavi Virta na-abịa ime ihe nkiri na Ivalo, ọ gara ebe ahụ ịhụ ya, na-eme njem kilomita 40 (25 mi) na ịnyịnya ígwè ya. N'ịbụ onye hụrụ egwu ahụ, Gauriloff kpebiri ịghọ onye na-agụ egwu. Ọ malitere ịbụ abụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise wee merie asọmpi schlager  mere na Sodankylä n'afọ 1961, &lt;ref name=&quot;popu&quot; /&gt; nke ya na ndị enyi ya gbara chaa chaa.&lt;ref name=&quot;suosikki-12-1963-s9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lehtola-149&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lehtola|first=Jorma|title=Laulujen Lappi. Tarinoita haavemaasta|year=2007|chapter=Velhojen aika|location=[[Jyväskylä]]|publisher=Kustannus-Puntsi|isbn=978-952-5343-33-5|language=fi}}
[[Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke atọ na Finnish Schlager Championships.&lt;ref name=&quot;popu&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Magazin ''Suosikki'' kwuru banyere ihe ịga nke ọma Gauriloff na asọmpi ndị Finland, nke gbara akụkọ banyere ya, na-akpọ ya &quot;[[James Dean]] nke Nellim&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;suosikki-12-1963-s9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sievinen, Irja|title=Maailman pohjoisin iskelmälaulaja Jaakko Kauriloff laulaa kuin Eino Grön|date=1 December 1963|url=https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/aikakausi/binding/1776739?page=9|accessdate=12 September 2019|language=fi}}
[[Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)]]&lt;/ref&gt; na &quot;onye na-agụ egwú schlager kachasị n'ebe ugwu n'ụwa&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;suosikki-12-1963-s8&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web|author=Sievinen, Irja|title=Maailman pohjoisin iskelmälaulaja Jaakko Kauriloff laulaa kuin Eino Grön|date=1 December 1963|url=https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/aikakausi/binding/1776739?page=9|accessdate=12 September 2019|language=fi}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ewu ewu ya na-arị elu. Ọ malitere ịnata akwụkwọ ozi ndị na-akwado ya na Nellim. &quot;Ọ dị egwu. Enweghị m ike inwe udo na ịdị jụụ&quot;, ka ọ na-ekwu n'oge ahụ. A gwara ya ka ọ gaa [[Helsinki]], ma gaa ebe ahụ n'ezie, mana ọ masịghị ya, na-akọwa, sị: &quot;Apụghị m maka ndụ obodo. Enweghị m ike ịnọ ebe ahụ ma lelee ụlọ ndị ahụ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;HS&quot;/&gt;

Laa azụ n'ebe ugwu, e nyere ya njem izu abụọ na Northern Finland ya na Olavi Virta.&lt;ref name=&quot;lehtola-149&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 1970, Gauriloff kwagara Rovaniemi wee guzobe otu egwu aha ya bụ Kaamos ('Polar Night'). Nke a bụ mgbe ọ malitere ịbụ abụ na Skolt Sámi  .&lt;ref name=&quot;HS&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Forss, Timo Kalevi|title=Maisa Kuikka-Uçar ja oikeudenmukaisuuden jano|work=Rauhanpuolustajat|date=21 February 2019|url=https://www.rauhanpuolustajat.org/maisa-kuikka-ucar-ja-oikeudenmukaisuuden-jano/|accessdate=3 October 2019|language=fi}}
[[Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;popu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|title=Jaakko Gauriloff|work=Populappi|publisher=Rovaniemen kaupunginkirjasto|url=http://populappi.rovaniemi.fi/artists/view/26|accessdate=2 December 2013|language=fi}}
[[Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mbido afọ 1970, Gauriloff rụrụ ọrụ na telivishọn na nke mbụ ya. Ya na Nils-Aslak Valkeapää na Åsa Blind mekwara njem. Ndị omenkà atọ ahụ wepụtara abọm akpọrọ ''De čábba niegut runiidit'' na 1976. Abọm ahụ nwetara nyocha dị iche iche, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ''Helsingin Sanomat'' echeghị na abọm ahụ na-anọchite anya ezigbo egwu Sámi. N'afọ 1981, Gauriloff dekọrọ egwu reggae mbụ n'ụwa na Saami nke a na-akpọ &quot;Tanja&quot;, nke nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na ịtụ vootu na ihe ngosi telivishọn Finnish a ma ama ''Levyraati'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;popu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lapinkansa-1981&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Zimmermann, Leo|title=Taantunut levyraati|work=Populappi|date=24 July 1981|url=http://populappi.rovaniemi.fi/files/private/artist/26/attachments/gauriloff.jpg|accessdate=15 October 2019|language=fi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na 1984 ruo 1989, Gauriloff jere ozi dị ka onye na-ese ihe na mpaghara maka ọdịbendị Sámi. &lt;ref name=&quot;yle-6627959&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/sapmi/anna_nakkalajarvi-lansman_alggaha_leanadaiddarin/6627959|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|title=Anna Näkkäläjärvi-Länsman álggaha leanadáiddárin|date=31 May 2012|publisher=Yle Sápmi|language=se|accessdate=3 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;yle-3-8630233&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-8630233|title=Aikio saamelaiskulttuurin läänintaiteilijaksi|publisher=Yle Uutiset|author=Näkkäläjärvi, Pirita|language=fi|date=28 January 2016|accessdate=3 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ nọ na Soviet Union, ọ zutere Ilpo Saastamoinen, onye nọ ebe ahụ na njem.&lt;ref name=&quot;lehtola-241&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 1991, Saastamoinen na Gauriloff gara Kola Peninsula ugboro abụọ, na-anakọta ihe, ụfọdụ n'ime ha ka e wepụtara na album Gauriloff nke 1992 Kuäʹckkem suäjai vueʹlnn .  N'agbata afọ 1994 na 1997, ha abụọ gara gburugburu Kola Peninsula na-edekọ egwu ndị ọzọ sitere n'aka ndị Sámi n'ebe ahụ maka ọrụ ọdịnala egwu Kola Sámi nke Mahadum Tromsø.&lt;ref name=&quot;lehtola-241&quot; /&gt;

Site na 1993 ruo 1999, Gauriloff bụrụ onye isi na trilogy opera Velho &lt;ref name=&quot;lehtola-241&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lehtola|first=Jorma|title=Laulujen Lappi. Tarinoita haavemaasta|year=2007|chapter=Velhojen aika|location=[[Jyväskylä]]|publisher=Kustannus-Puntsi|isbn=978-952-5343-33-5|language=fi}}
[[Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)]]&lt;/ref&gt; na Äkäslompolo . Ọ rụkwara ọrụ n'ọtụtụ mba na Europe nakwa na United States na Japan. Na mgbakwunye na schlager na egwu ọdịnala, Gauriloff abụwo na abọm akpọrọ ''Finland'' na 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;finna&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|title=Finlande|work=Finna|url=https://finna.fi/Record/fikka.4783569?lng=en-gb#componentparts|accessdate=3 October 2019|archivedate=17 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417010632/https://finna.fi/Record/fikka.4783569?lng=en-gb#componentparts}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2013, ndị omeiwu Sámi nke Finland nyere Gauriloff ihe nrite na ncheta afọ 50 ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe. &lt;ref name=&quot;yle-6964685&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/sapmi/jaakko_gauriloff_balkkasuvvui_50_jagi_daiddarbarggus/6964685|author=Aikio, Kaisa|title=Jaakko Gauriloff bálkkašuvvui 50 jagi dáiddarbarggus|date=2 December 2019|publisher=Yle Sápmi|language=se|accessdate=3 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lapin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lapinkansa.fi/Lappi/1194857112794/artikkeli/kolttalaulaja+jaakko+gauriloff+sai+saamelaiskarajilta+palkinnon+elamantyostaan.html|title=Kolttalaulaja Jaakko Gauriloff sai saamelaiskäräjiltä palkinnon elämäntyöstään|date=30 November 2013|work=Lapin Kansa|accessdate=9 September 2019|language=fi|archivedate=3 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203065754/http://www.lapinkansa.fi/Lappi/1194857112794/artikkeli/kolttalaulaja+jaakko+gauriloff+sai+saamelaiskarajilta+palkinnon+elamantyostaan.html}}
[[Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ezinụlọ ==
Onye na-akpọ ụbọ Leo Gauriloff bụ nwanne Jaakko Gauriloff nke obere. Onye nduzi ihe nkiri Katja Gauriloff  na onye omenkà na onye na-ese ihe nkiri Heidi Gauriloff bụ ụmụ nwanne ha. 

== Nkọwapụta ==

=== Albums (ọrụ ndị a họọrọ) ===

* ''De čábba niegut runiidit'' (1976) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lassagammi.no/diskografi.281285.no.html|work=Lassagammi|title=Diskografi|language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Kuäʹckkem suäjai anya'' (1992) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/2248494-Jaakko-Gauriloff|work=Discogs.com|title=Jaakko Gauriloff}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Luommum aʹdd'' (2005) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilposaastamoinen.fi/julkaisut/2008-son-vuaeinn-2|title=2008 SON VUÄINN|work=Ilpo Saastamoinen}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Tuõddri tuõkken'' (2009) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://radiofy.se/artists/9920-jaakko-gauriloff|work=Radiofy.se|title=Jaakko Gauriloff|accessdate=2026-03-09|archivedate=2023-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417010639/http://radiofy.se/artists/9920-jaakko-gauriloff}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndị na-alụbeghị di ===

* &quot;Tanja / Laulu Kaisalle&quot; (1981) &lt;ref name=&quot;popu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jaakko Gauriloff - Tanja|url=https://www.discogs.com/Jaakko-Gauriloff-Tanja/release/5697483|work=Discogs|accessdate=15 October 2019|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Moostaka / Pai maainest säämas&quot; (1985) &lt;ref name=&quot;popu&quot; /&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{Cite web|url=https://www.lapinkansa.fi/jaakko-gauriloff-polki-sateen-lapi-nellimista-ival/147600|title=Jaakko Gauriloff polki sateen läpi Nellimistä Ivaloon nähdäkseen Olavi Virran – kymmenen vuotta myöhemmin laulava kolttapoika nousi idolinsa kanssa samalle lavalle|author=Pyykkö|first=Risto|date=2020-01-26|work=lapinkansa.fi|publisher=Lapin Kansa|accessdate=2020-01-27|language=fi}}

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Michel Quévit</title>
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      <parentid>597037</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>NiferO</username>
        <id>20385</id>
      </contributor>
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      <origin>672640</origin>
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      <text bytes="1564" sha1="8b6j9iv264abytamyk0fdrfu7khjbp3" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Michel Quevit.jpg|thumb|Michael Quevit]]
'''Michel Quévit''' Michel Quévit (11 Ọktoba 1939 - 10 Eprel 2021) bụ onye ode akwụkwọ Belgium, ọkà mmụta sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze, na onye na-eme ihe ike nke Walloon Movement . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lesoir.be/366016/article/2021-04-12/michel-quevit-est-decede|title=Michel Quévit est décédé|date=12 April 2021|work=Le Soir|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;A maara ya na ọ na-esochi Wallonia na akụ na ụba ya.  Ọ bụ onye dere akwụkwọ bụ Les causes du déclin wallon.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtbf.be/info/belgique/detail_quel-avenir-pour-la-wallonie-chat-avec-michel-quevit-a-11h30?id=7738532|title=Michel Quévit: &quot;Les Wallons ont trop tendance à se sous-estimer&quot;|date=28 March 2012|work=RTBF|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị e ji mara ya ==

* Onye ọrụ Mérite wallon  (2012) 

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==

* ''Ihe kpatara ọdịda nke Wallonia'' (1978) 
* ''Wallonia, Nnwere Onwe Dị Mkpa'' (1982) 
* ''Mmetụta nke 1992: Mpaghara nke Ọdịnala Ụlọ Ọrụ '' (1991) 
* Usoro mmepe mpaghara na iru ahịa n'ime (1991) 
* ''Iwu imepụta ihe ọhụrụ na mpaghara'' (1992) 
* Netwọk nke ihe ọhụrụ na ebe ndị ọhụrụ: nzọ maka mmepe mpaghara (1993) 
* Transnational corporation na European Regional restructuring (1994) 
* Flanders - Wallonia Olee ịdị n'otu? : Site n'ịmepụta steeti Belgium ruo Europe nke mpaghara (2010) 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Louis Remacle</title>
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'''Louis Remacle''' (30 Septemba 1910 na La Gleize, [[Belgium]] - 10 Mee 1997) bụ prọfesọ asụsụ na Mahadum Liège onye nyere aka karịsịa n'ịkwado na ọmụmụ asụsụ Walloon.  O bipụtakwara ọtụtụ nchịkọta uri ọhụrụ n'asụsụ obodo ya.

== Ndụ ==
A mụrụ Louis Remacle, nwa Eugène Remacle، onye ọrụ omenala na ókèala Germany na Belgium, n'ugbo nke ndị ikwu nne ya na La Gleize, n'ebe ugwu nke obodo Stavelot.Otú ọ dị, ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu, a zụlitere ya na ndịda ebe ahụ n'ime obodo Wanne. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Stavelot, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ Na Mahadum Liège. N'ebe ahụ, ọ nwere akụ na ụba nke onye ọkachamara asụsụ Jean Haust kụziri, onye ọ gbasoro nzọụkwụ ya: dị ka ọkà mmụta asusu n'onwe ya, dịka prọfesọ na mahadum na dịka onye òtù nke Belgium Academy, bụ nke a họpụtara ya na 1948. 

Remacle gosipụtara karịsịa na olumba nke La Gleize, nke o tinyere ọtụtụ ọmụmụ, malite na Le Parler de La Gleizi (1937), nke natara ihe nrite maka afọ ahụ nke Belgian Academy nyere. Na mgbakwunye, o nyere aka nke ukwuu n'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ na ọmụmụ asụsụ Walloon, nke mbụ ya bụ Le Problème d'ancien Wallon (1948) ma mechie na La différenciation dialectale de la Belgique romane avant 1600 (1992). Ndị a kwuru na ọtụtụ mmepe ndị a na-ewere dị ka nke Walloon malitere ịpụta na akwụkwọ edere n'etiti narị afọ nke 8 na nke 12, mana ihe akaebe nke asụsụ dị iche iche a na-asụ pụtara na narị afọ nke 16. Ọzọkwa gụnyere n'ọhịa ọmụmụ ya bụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti olumba n'ofe mpaghara ọ bụla, nke dugara ya n'ịmalite ''Atlas asụsụ nke Wallonia'' (l'Atlas linguistique de la Wallonie), ọrụ malitere na 1953 nke gara n'ihu n'okpuru ndị editọ ndị ọzọ na narị afọ ọhụrụ.

N'ịkwado ọrụ ya na  akụkọ ihe mere eme nke asusu, Remacle nwetara ihe nrite Francqui na 1956.  Ọ bụ ezie na ọ lara ezumike nká na mahadum ahụ n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro na 1977, e mere ya prọfesọ emeritus ma gaa n'ihu na nyocha ya.

== Abụ uri ==
Ọ bụ ezie na ide uri nke ya na-ewe naanị oge ezumike na ndụ ya na-arụsi ọrụ ike, e nyekwara ya nkwenye n'oge. Mgbe e bipụtara ''Frâdjèlès tchansons'' (Abụ ndị na-adịghị mma, Stavelot 1930), o zigara akwụkwọ mpịakọta nke Lès fleûrs du l' vôye (Flowers on the way) na panel nke Prix Biennal de Littérature Wallonne ma nye ya ihe nrite ahụ na 1933.uri ndị ọzọ pụtara ihe dị ka afọ iri ise n'akwụkwọ akụkọ na akụkọ mgbe ochie dị iche iche, e bipụtakwara nchịkọta atọ ọzọ: Â tchèstê d'poûssîre (&quot;The castle of dust&quot;, Gothier, Liège, 1946);  Fagne (&quot;Wolds&quot;, Cahiers Wallons, Namur, 1969);  Mwète-Fontin.ne (&quot;mmiri akọrọ&quot;, Cahiers Wallons, Namur, 1974). E bipụtaghị uri ya niile ruo mgbe ememe ncheta otu narị afọ nke Remacle na 2010 site na [[:fr:Société de langue et de littérature wallonnes]].

Otu ihe mere Remacle ji dee uri bụ na o nyere ederede nke ga-echekwa ihe atụ nke asụsụ ahụ n'oge a na-eji asụsụ eme ihe n'ụzọ doro anya. Onye ọzọ, nke ya na ndị edemede asụsụ ndị ọzọ na Belgium nwekọrọ ọnụ, bụ nghọta na àgwà ụfọdụ nke asụsụ ha nyere ha ihe pụrụ iche maka imezigharị okwu edemede. Iji malite, e nwere okwu nke Belgian Ardennes n'onwe ya dị ka ndọtị nke ala ebe a na-etinye uri, nke site na njirimara ya na-egbochi ọchịchọ Latin maka mkpokọta. Ọ bụ ezie na Remacle nwere uche dị mwute nke na-achọkarị ịchọta ahụmịhe obi ụtọ ya n'oge gara aga - isiokwu ọdịnala zuru oke n'oge ọ bụla - ihe ọ wetara na ngosipụta nke mfu a, na mgbakwunye na izi ezi nke asụsụ ya, bụ iwebata ihe oyiyi nrọ dị ka ngwaọrụ na-ewepụ. Otu na-aza, ya mere, ọ bụghị nke ukwuu na mmetụta uche dị n'okpuru na-amachaghị nke okwu ya.  Ọ bụkwa ọkaibe nke prosody, na-agbanwe n'adịghị agwụ agwụ na-agbanwe ụdị mmasị ya nke uri iri na abụọ nwere ahịrị nke ọ kpọrọ douzains, ma n'ụzọ dị otú a meghachikwara ụzọ ya ọzọ.

Tinyere edemede dị iche iche a raara nye ọrụ Remacle na nkwanye ugwu otu narị afọ, e nwere ihe abụọ ọzọ e dere n'akwụkwọ. Otu bụ ọnọdụ nke ise n'ime uri ya site na Marc Duysincx. Ọzọkwa enwere nchịkọta nke abụ iri abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa nke Remacle dere na French site na 1926 ruo 1952, ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ha e bipụtara na mbụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nwere ike na-atụgharị uche n'akwụkwọ ha n'okpuru aha Chants inactuels.[1].  Onye nchịkọta akụkọ ha, bụ́ Jean Lechanteur, kwuru na n’ụzọ ụfọdụ, ha na-ekwughachi isiokwu na mmetụta nke uri ndị ahụ na Walloon, dị ka ọ dị na  &quot;Na-echere&quot;, nke sitere na Febụwarị 1952.&lt;poem&gt;::To await the impalpable silence so…

::Despite winter and the weariness
::that weighs and lengthens the horizons,
::and this snow where footsteps are unmade,
::until there heaps within my heart again
::a thousandfold the voicing of my old regrets…

::But from the basin of my heart time flows, 
::and this I know, when evening and the hour
::have scoured thin your tocsin, O my voices,
::then I shall feel shifting about me,
::as if the slow flakes were drowsing
::into drifts, the snowfall of silence.&lt;/poem&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Onye na-eme ara ehi, Jean [https://archive.today/20041013012622/http://www.academiedelitterature.be/academie-membre-remacle.php#selection-625.0-625.20 &quot;Louis Remacle: Onye otu Academy&quot;], ARLLFB
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [http://hdl.handle.net/2078.3/143309 ''Otuto nye Louis Remacle (1910-1997) ''], SLLW (2011)</text>
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'''Charles Plisnier''' (13 Disemba 1896 - 17 Julaị 1952) bụ onye edemede Beljọm si Wallonia. 

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Onye natara ọzụzụ dị ka onye ọka iwu na Mahadum Free nke Brussels site na 1919, Plisnier nwetara nzere ọkankuzi na ọmụmụ Iwu na ụlọ ikpe mkpegharị nke Brussels na 1922. N'oge ntorobịa ya, ọ bụ onye òtù Communist Party nke Belgium, ma rụọ ọrụ na International Red Aid. Mgbe ọ gachara Soviet Union na 1928, ọ nwere nkụda mmụọ n'ebe mba ahụ nọ wee malite inwe ọmịiko na Trotskyist movement, nke mere ka a chụpụ ya n'òtù Communist Party. O mechara jụ ọchịchị Kọmunist wee ghọọ onye Roman Katọlik, mana ọ ka bụ kwa onye Marxist. Plisnier pụtara dị ka onye jụrụ okwukwe nye ọtụtụ ndị ọgbọ ya, ebe ịdị adị nke Chineke akwụsịghị ịbụ ajụjụ ọ na-ajụsi ike; n'oge ndụ ya niile, ọ nwere oge nke ekweghị na Chineke na nsogbu dị omimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;mons&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Charles Plisnier (1896-1952)|url=https://www.mons.be/ma-commune/mons-et-son-histoire/personnages-celebres/artistes-celebres/charles-plisnier|work=Ville de Mons|accessdate=31 January 2024|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ịtụgharị gaa na ide akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, Plisnier ghọrọ onye a ma ama dị ka onye edemede nke akụkọ ezinụlọ nke nwere nkatọ nke ọha mmadụ. ''Alụmdi na nwunye'' (1936; na Bekee dị ka Nothing to Chance, 1938) na-ekwu maka njedebe nke mgbakọ ọha na eze; Meurtres (1939-41; &quot;Mgbukpọ&quot;) nke dị mpịakọta ise na-elekwasị anya na dike dị egwu, Noël Annequin, na ọgụ ya megide inwe ihu abụọ. Isiokwu a na-ahụkarị n'ọrụ ya bụ ọmụmụ omume na nke uche nke ndị nọ na nsogbu, dịka na L'Enfant aux stigmates (1931; &quot;Nwatakịrị nwere Stigmata&quot;), nke na-echeta ịnwe nsogbu nke Maurice Maeterlinck.

Plisnier dekwara [[Ábu|uri]]: akwụkwọ uri ndị mbụ ya, dị ka Prière aux mains coupées (1930; &quot;Prayer with Severed Hands&quot;), na-ekwu maka ọgụ ya iji mee ka okpukpe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị n'otu, ebe Fertilité du désert (1933; &quot;Fertility of the Desert&quot;) na-egosi mmetụta nke ihe ndị na-eme n'ụwa mmụọ. Ọrụ uri ya ndị ọzọ, dị ka Odes pour retrouver les hommes (1935; &quot;Odes to Meet Again With Men&quot;), Sacré (1938; &quot;Holy&quot;, &quot;Sacred&quot;) na ''Ave Genitrix'' (1943; &quot;Hail Mother&quot;), bụ ndị a ma ama n'ụdị ma na-egosi mmegharị laghachi na Iso Ụzọ Kraịst.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Charles Plisnier|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Plisnier|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=31 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;


N'afọ 1937, Plisnier ritere Prix Goncourt maka Faux passeports (&quot;False Passports&quot;; na Bekee dị ka Memoirs of a Secret Revolutionary, 1938), nchịkọta akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi na-akatọ Stalinism, n'otu olu ya na Arthur Koestler. Ọ bụ onye mba ọzọ mbụ natara Prix Goncourt . &lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye na-akwadosi òtù Walloon Movement ike; na [[Walloon National Congress]] nke e mere na Liège na 1945, o kwuru okwu ndị dị ike ma kpọọ òkù maka njikọta nke Wallonia na [[France]].&lt;ref name=&quot;mons&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Prix Goncourt}}{{Authority control}}</text>
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'''Jean-Claude Pirotte''' (20 Ọktoba 1939 - 24 Mee 2014) bụ onye edemede Belgium, onye na-ede uri na onye na-ese ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibobitJCP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Claire Devarrieux|url=http://www.liberation.fr/livres/2014/05/26/jean-claude-pirotte-dernier-voyage_1027487|title=Jean-Claude Pirotte, dernier voyage .... Le poète belge, vagabond invétéré a achevé sa course à 74 ans, samedi dans le Jura.|date=26 May 2014|publisher=[[Libération]] Books (online)|accessdate=18 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye edemede n'asụsụ French, akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke afọ 2006, Une adolescence en Gueldre, meriri ihe nrite Prix des Deux Magots.

== Ndụ ==

=== Afọ ndị mbụ ===
A mụrụ Jean-Claude Pirotte na Namur ọnwa ole na ole mgbe Ndị agha Germany wakporo ma weghara Belgium. Ọ tolitere na Gembloux dị nso. Nne na nna ya abụọ bụ ndị nkuzi asụsụ. N'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] nna ya na ndị Resistance rụkọtara ọrụ, mana Jean-Claude hụrụ ya dịka onye na-enweghị mmetụta na &quot;onye agha&quot; n'ebe ezinụlọ ya nọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;DavCavbJCPobit&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jean-Claude Pirotte, le poète en cavale, est mort .... Ancien avocat ayant fui la justice belge, poète magnifique et célébré, il se battait contre le cancer depuis plusieurs années. Il avait 74 ans.|url=http://bibliobs.nouvelobs.com/actualites/20140524.OBS8397/jean-claude-pirotte-le-poete-en-cavale-est-mort.html|author=David Caviglioli|publisher=Le Nouvel Observateur (online)|date=26 June 2014|accessdate=18 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pirotte mechara kwuo na ọ kpọrọ nna ya asị: akwụkwọ ndị a hụrụ na-edekọ na o nwere oge ịbụ nwata &quot;mekpara ya ahụ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;MondeobitJCP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mort de l'écrivain et poète Jean-Claude Pirotte|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2014/05/24/mort-de-l-ecrivain-et-poete-jean-claude-pirotte_4425301_3382.html|author=Macha Séry|date=24 May 2014|publisher=[[Le Monde]] (online)|accessdate=18 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nhọrọ ọrụ mbụ ===
Akwụkwọ mbụ Pirotte bipụtara bụ akwụkwọ uri akpọrọ 'Goût de cendre' (''Taste of Cinders na Bekee''), nke e bipụtara na 1963. N'adịghị ka atụmanya nke ụfọdụ ndị maara ya n'oge ahụ si dị, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'isi ọmụmụ iwu, ma chụsoo ọrụ bara uru dị ka onye ọka iwu n'etiti 1964 na 1975, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkaiwu na-eme nke ọma n'ụlọ ikpe Namur Bar.&lt;ref name=&quot;ProcMarcelThiryLuik&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.liege.be/culture/prix-litteraires/prix-litteraire-marcel-thiry/jean-claude-pirotte-laureat-du-prix-marcel-thiry-2011|title=Jean-Claude Pirotte, lauréat du Prix Marcel Thiry 2011 .... &quot; Pour comprendre mon univers, il faut me voir dans un paysage &quot;|author=|publisher=Ville de Liège (prix littéraire &quot;Marcel Thiry&quot;)|date=2011|accessdate=18 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514045030/http://www.liege.be/culture/prix-litteraires/prix-litteraire-marcel-thiry/jean-claude-pirotte-laureat-du-prix-marcel-thiry-2011|archivedate=14 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; A chụpụrụ ya n'ọrụ iwu na 1975 n'ihi mmebi iwu e boro ya, nke ọ ga-agọnahụ mgbe niile, na o nyere aka n'ịgbapụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ nke otu n'ime ndị ahịa ya. A mara Pirotte ikpe ịga mkpọrọ ọnwa iri na asatọ. Otú ọ dị, kama ịnọ soro ndị ọkàikpe na-arụrịta ụka gbasara okwu ya, o jiri ohere ahụ banye na MG ya na-acha ọbara ọbara wee gbalaga France,  ọ gaa Catalonia ma mesịa gaa na Ndagwurugwu Aosta. &lt;ref name=&quot;LibobitJCP&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DavCavbJCPobit&quot; /&gt; Ebe ọ bụ na ọ hapụrụ nwunye ya na ụmụ ya na Belgium, ọ biri &quot;ndụ ndị na-awagharị awagharị&quot; ma nwee ike izere ijide ya ruo afọ ise sochirinụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;LibobitJCP&quot; /&gt; Na ngwụcha oge ahụ ịtụ mkpọrọ ya ruru na njedebe, Jean-Claude Pirotte laghachiri Namur ma biwe kwa ndụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ProcMarcelThiryLuik&quot; /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; width: 42.5em; text-align: center; font-size: 0.93em; font-family: lucida grande, sans-serif; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 1px solid #999999; background: #c6dbf7; text-align: center; padding: 1em 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;''' Jean-Claude Pirotte: Ndekọ akwụkwọ ndị O dere (ndekọ na-ezughi ezu''''')''
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* ''Goût de cendre'' poèmes, Thone, 1963
* ''Contrée'' poèmes, Thone 1965
* ''D'un mourant paysage'' poèmes, Thone 1969
* ''Journal moche'' essai, Luneau-Ascot, 1981, 1993.
* ''La Pluie à Rethel'' roman, Luneau-Ascot, 1982; rééd. La Table Ronde, Paris, 2001, 2002
* ''Fond de cale'' roman, Le Sycomore, 1984; rééd. Le Temps qu'il fait, 1991
* ''Un été dans la combe'' roman, La Longue Vue, 1986, rééd. La Table Ronde, Paris, 1993
* ''La Vallée de misère'' poèmes, Le temps qu'il fait, 1987, rééd. Le Temps qu'il fait, 1997
* ''Les Contes bleus du vin'' chroniques, Le Temps qu'il fait, 1988
* ''Sarah, feuille morte'' roman, Le Temps qu'il fait, 1989
* ''La Légende des petits matins'' roman, Manya 1990, rééd. La Table Ronde, Paris, 1996
* ''L'Épreuve du jour'' enfantine, Le Temps qu'il fait, 1991, 1998
* ''Fond de cale'' roman, Le Temps qu'il fait, 1991.
* ''Récits incertains'' mélanges, Le Temps qu'il fait, 1992
* ''Il est minuit depuis toujours'' essais, La Table Ronde, Paris, 1993
* ''Lettres de Sainte Croix du Mont'' (photographies de Jean-Luc Chapin), L'Escampette, 1993
* ''Plis perdus'' mélanges, La Table Ronde, Paris, 1994
* ''Un voyage en automne'' récit, La Table Ronde, Paris, 1996
* ''Cavale'' roman, La Table Ronde, Paris, 1997
* ''Boléro'' roman, La Table Ronde, Paris, 1998
* ''Faubourg'' poèmes, Le Temps qu'il fait, 1997, 1998
* ''Le Noël du cheval de bois'' conte illustré, Le Temps qu'il fait, 1997,1998
* ''Mont Afrique'' roman, Le Cherche Midi, 1999
* ''Autres arpents'' chroniques, La Table Ronde, Paris, 2000
* ''Enjoués monostiches'' (avec Jean-Marie Queneau), La Goulotte, 2000
* ''Ange Vincent'' roman, La Table Ronde, Paris, 2001
* ''Les Chiens du vent'' (avec Pierre Silvain), Cadex, 2002
* ''Rue des Remberges'' prélude, Le Temps qu'il fait, 2003
* ''Un rêve en Lotharingie'' récit, National Geographic et Stock, 2003
* ''Dame et dentiste'' poèmes, Inventaire/Invention, 2003
* ''Fougerolles'' poèmes, Virgile, 2004
* ''La Boîte à musique'' (avec Sylvie Doizelet) poèmes, La Table ronde, 2004
* ''Une adolescence en Gueldre'' roman, La Table ronde, 2005, Prix des Deux Magots
* ''Expédition nocturne autour de ma cave'' récit, Stock, 2006
* ''Un bruit ordinaire'' suivi de ''Blues de la racaille'' poèmes, La Table Ronde, 2006
* ''Hollande''  ''poèmes et peintures'', Le Cherche Midi, 2006
* ''Un voyage en automne'', La Table Ronde, 1996
* ''Absent de Bagdad'' roman, La table ronde, 2007
* ''Passage des ombres'', La Table Ronde, 2008, prix Roger-Kowalski et grand prix de Poésie de la Ville de Lyon 2008
* ''Revermont'', Le Temps qu'il fait, 2008
* ''Avoir été'', Le Taillis Pré, 2008
* ''Le Promenoir magique et autres poèmes 1953–2003'', La table ronde, 2009
* ''Voix de Bruxelles'' (avec Hugues Robaye), CFC, 2009
* ''Autres séjours'', Le Temps qu'il fait, 2010
* ''Cette âme perdue'', Le Castor Astral, 2011, prix Apollinaire 2011
* ''Place des savannes'', Le Cherche Midi, 2011
* ''Ajoie'', La Table ronde, 2012,
* ''Le très vieux temps'', Le Temps qu'il fait, 2012
* ''Vaine pâture'', Mercure de France, 2013
* ''Brouillard'', Le Cherche Midi, 2013
* ''Gens sérieux s'abstenir'', Le Castor Astral, 2014
* ''Portrait craché'', Le Cherche Midi, 2014
* ''À Saint-Léger suis réfugié'', L'Arrière-Pays, 2014
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

=== Nhọrọ ọrụ nke abụọ ===
Ka o sina dị, o guzogidere ọnwụnwa ọ bụla iji laghachi n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọka iwu, na-akọwa na esemokwu ya na ndị ọka ikpe nyere ya ohere ịgbapụ, na ndị majie mara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ n'ụzọ ụfọdụ meere ya ihe ọma, n'ihi na ha nyere ya ohere ibi ndụ na-abụghị ka o si adịbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;JacquCoignardJCP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Courir pour être libre.|work=&quot;Les magistrats qui m'ont condamné m'ont accordé une forme de bonheur. Celui de vivre dans l'extraordinaire&quot; J-CP|author=Jacqueline Coignard|url=http://www.liberation.fr/medias/2001/04/28/courir-pour-etre-libre_362749|publisher=[[Libération]] Médias (online)|date=28 April 2001|accessdate=19 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kama iwu, o tinyere oge ndụ ya fọrọ n'ide n'akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na uri, na-ebipụta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akwụkwọ iri ise, isiokwu dị mkpa, na uri. Ọ bụkwa onye na-ese ihe ma jiri nkà a mee ihe iji gosipụta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;PrixAppolinarisJCP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Le prix Apollinaire de poésie pour Jean-Claude Pirotte|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2011/11/14/le-prix-apollinaire-de-poesie-pour-jean-claude-pirotte_1603637_3260.html?xtmc=jean_claude_pirotte&amp;xtcr=4|author=AFP|publisher=[[Le Monde]] (online)|date=14 November 2011|accessdate=19 June 2015|authorlink=Agence France-Presse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkọwa ọha na eze na-eto eto ===
Ndị na-akọwa ihe gbasara akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Belgium na-asụ French malitere ịchọpụta Pirotte na ngwụcha afọ ndị 1980. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya &quot;Sarah feuille morte&quot; (1989) &lt;ref name=&quot;Sarahfeuillemorte&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sarah, feuille morte|author=Jean-Claude Pirotte|publisher=[[:fr:Le Temps qu'il fait (éditions)|Le Temps qu'il fait]]|isbn=978-2868530868|date=1998}}&lt;/ref&gt; dọtara uche, dị ka &quot;La pluie à Rethel&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;Rethelpiovoso&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=La Pluie à Rethel|publisher=La Table ronde|author=Jean-Claude Pirotte|isbn=978-2710324720|date=2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; akwụkwọ akụkọ e bu ụzọ bipụta na 1982 wee bipụtaghachi ya na 2001 na ọzọ na 2002. Pirotte hụrụ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ n'anya ma n'asụsụ French ma asụsụ Flemish / Dutch. Onye nwere mmasị dị egwu n'ebe ndị edemede dịka André Dhôtel, Georges Bernanos, Guido Gezelle, Frederik van Eeden, Georges Rodenbach ma ọ bụ Jacques Chardonne nọ, Pirotte n'onwe ya ghọrọ onye òtù ndị edemede ụbụrụ na-ahọ nkọ nke ọgbọ ya.

=== Afọ iri ikpeazụ ===
N'agbata afọ 1998 na afọ 2002, Pirotte biri nso na Carcassonne, ebe o mepụtara ihe nrite edemede a kpọkwasịrị aha mmanya si na [[:fr:Cabardès|mpaghara ọ nabatara]], &quot;prix littéraire Cabardès&quot;. Dị ka ụzọ ekele ọzọ nye obodo ahụ, ọ ghọrọ &quot;onye nduzi&quot; nke usoro akwụkwọ akpọrọ &quot;Lettres du Cabardès&quot; nke ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Le Temps qu'il fait mepụtara.&lt;ref name=&quot;ChrondeCarcassonneJCP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://chroniquesdecarcassonne.midiblogs.com/tag/cabard%C3%A8s|title=Retiré dans le Jura à la frontière Suisse, l'un des plus célèbre écrivain, poète et peintre contemporain, d'origine Belge, Jean-Claude Pirotte vient de quitter la scène. .... De 1998 à 2002 il résida à Montolieu près de Carcassonne|publisher=Midi Libre|author=|work=Chroniques de Carcassonne|date=26 May 2014|accessdate=19 June 2015|archivedate=19 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619195926/http://chroniquesdecarcassonne.midiblogs.com/tag/cabard%C3%A8s}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya, Pirotte na onye na-eme ntụgharị bụkwa onye edemede ibe ya Sylvie Doizelet biiri na French Jura, ruo 2009 na Arbois, ma mesịa gafee ókèala, na Beurnevesin . &lt;ref name=&quot;artdefugueJCP&quot; /&gt; N'ajụjụ ọnụ a ghara ya n'afọ 2011, o kwuru na ha ka na-akwụ ụgwọ &quot;otu ụlọ elu&quot; n'ụsọ oké osimiri Belgium. Ka ọ na-erule n'oge a, Jean-Claude Pirotte nwere ọrịa kansa, &lt;ref name=&quot;artdefugueJCP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2011/09/15/jean-claude-pirotte-l-art-de-la-fugue_1572551_3260.html|title=Jean-Claude Pirotte : l'art de la fugue|author=Xavier Houssin|publisher=[[Le Monde]] (online)|date=15 September 2011|accessdate=19 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke gburu ya n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2014. &lt;ref name=&quot;MondeobitJCP&quot; /&gt;

== Nkwado ==
Site na ndị na-akwado akwụkwọ nke gụnyere Jean-Edern Hallier, Pirotte ghọrọ onye a ma ama na mgbasa ozi na ide akwụkwọ na mba ndị French n'oge ndị 1980 na 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;LePointpolarpeJCP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/livres/jean-claude-pirotte-un-polar-poetique-20-10-2011-1389671_37.php|title=Jean-Claude Pirotte, un polar poétique .... &quot;Place des Savanes&quot; trace le portrait d'un Byron des faubourgs.|author=Marc Lambron|publisher=Le Point.fr|date=20 October 2011|accessdate=19 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe Nrite (ọ bụghị ndepụta zuru ezu) ===

* 1963 Ihe nrite Franz de Wever
* Ihe nrite Victor Rossel nke afọ 1986 maka Un été dans la combe
* 1993 Grand Prix de Poésie du Mont-Saint-Michel (nke a na-akpọzi Grand Prix International de Poésia Guillevic-Ville de Saint-Malo) 
* 2002 [[:fr:Association Marguerite-Duras|Ihe nrite Marguerite-Duras]] maka Autres arpents 
* 2006 Ihe nrite nke Les Deux Magots maka ''Une adolescence en Gueldre''
* Ihe nrite Roger Kowalski nke afọ 2008 maka Passage des ombres
* [[:fr:Prix Maurice Carême|Ihe nrite Maurice Carême]] nke afọ 2009
* Ihe nrite Louis Montalte nke afọ 2009 maka uri
* Ihe nrite Guillaume Apollinaire nke afọ 2011 maka Cette âme perdue et Autres séjours
* Ihe nrite Marcel Thiry nke afọ 2011 maka Autres Séjours''Njem Ndị Ọzọ''
* Ihe nrite Pierre Mac Orlan nke afọ 2011 maka Place des savannes
* 2012 Ihe nrite kachasị elu nke uri nke Académie française
* 2012 [[:fr:Prix Goncourt de la poésie|Ihe nrite Goncourt maka uri]]

== Edensibịa ==
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Pierre Paulus (1881-1959), mechara na-aza Baron Pierre Paulus de Châtelet, bụ onye Belgium na-ese ihe. A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye sere &quot;bold rooster&quot; (French: coq hardi) nke a nabatara na 3 Julaị 1913 dị ka akara nnọchianya nke Walloon Movement na ọkọlọtọ nke Wallonia ugbua.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.allstates-flag.com/fotw/flags/be-wal_l.html#wal98|title=AllStates Flag Co., Inc. - Helping you lower the cost of raising your flags. Only All inclusive Resorts here|accessdate=2026-03-10|archivedate=2016-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174546/http://www.allstates-flag.com/fotw/flags/be-wal_l.html#wal98}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Paulus nwetara aha ọma n'oge Ngosi Nkà Walloon nke Charleroi na 1911 nakwa, n'oge agha, o mere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nkà na[[Obodo Békè|Europe]] na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]].

== Edensibịa ==

* {{Cite book|title=Encyclopédie du mouvement wallon – Volume 3 : Lettres O – Z|author=Delforge|first=Paul|year=2001|publisher=Institut Jules Destrée|location=Charleroi|isbn=978-2-87035-021-8|pages=1244–1245}}

== Ihe Ndị edeturu ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* (n'asụsụ French) Biography in &quot;Cent Wallons du Siècle&quot;, Institut Jules Destrée, Charleroi, 1995
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090706014222/http://www.charleroi-museum.org/mba/code/en/expo_paulus.htm Akụkọ ndụ dị mkpirikpi na Charleroi's Museum of fine arts website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230609120032/https://connaitrelawallonie.wallonie.be/fr/wallons-marquants/dictionnaire/paulus-pierre Akụkọ ndụ] na Dictionnaire des Wallons
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    <title>Siddhicharan Shrestha</title>
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Siddhicharan Shrestha (Devanagari: सिद्धिचरण श्रेष्ठ; 21 Mee 1912 – 4 Juun 1992) bụ otu n'ime ndị ode akwụkwọ ama ama na Nepal.  O nyere aka na mgba megide ọchịchị ọchịchị Rana (1846–1951) site na edemede ya.  Egwu mgbanwe ya kpaliri ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe, a makwara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na asatọ  maka ọrụ edemede ya.  O dere na Nepal Bhasa na Nepali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Karthak|first=Peter J.|title=Henrik Ibsen, Siddhi Charan and Chitta Dhar|url=http://202.166.193.40/the-kathmandu-post/2006/06/04/related_articles/henrik-ibsen-siddhi-charan-and-chitta-dhar/75595.html|accessdate=7 March 2013|work=The Kathmandu Post|date=4 June 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-ewere uri ya Mero Pyaro Okhaldhunga (Nepali: मेराे प्याराे ओखलढुङ्गा, lit. 'M hụrụ n'anya Okhaldhunga') na Nepali ka a na-ewere dị  ka otu n'ime ọrụ nka ya. N'abụ a, o kwupụtara etu obi dị ya ụtọ ịkọwa ebe Okhaldhunga dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Nepal, ebe a mụrụ ya ma too ya.

== Afọ ndị mbụ ==
Ndị nna nna Shrestha si Bhaktapur kwaga Ombahal nke Kathmandu. Nna ya Bishnu Charan (onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ) rụrụ ọrụ maka gọọmentị ma dee akwụkwọ akụkọ dịka ''Sumati'' na ''Bhismapratigya''. N'oge ọ na-eje ozi, a kpọfere ya na Okhaldhunga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Nepal ebe a mụrụ ya na 21 Mee 1912 (9 Jestha 1969 B.S.) ma nọrọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata. Nne ya bụ Neer Kumari Shrestha. Na 1919 A.D mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa, ezinụlọ ahụ laghachiri Kathmandu.

Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Durbar High School.  Otu ụbọchị na 1926, ọ hụrụ otu agadi nwoke ka ọ na-ede ihe n’otu ụlọ ahịa ahịhịa dị na Kamalachhi nke dịdebere ụlọ akwụkwọ ya.  Agadi nwoke a bụ onye ama ama Nepal Bhasa onye na-ede uri Siddhi Das Amatya.  Shrestha mechara were Amatya ka guru ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Khairgoli|first=Sichu|url=http://www.spinybabbler.org/literature/personalities/siddhi_charan_shrestha.htm|title=Siddhi Charan Shrestha|accessdate=8 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318011024/http://www.spinybabbler.org/literature/personalities/siddhi_charan_shrestha.htm|archivedate=18 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bajracharya|first=Phanindra Ratna|title=Kavi Siddhi Charan Shrestha ya Nepal Bhasay Sahitya Yatra|work=Thaunkanhe|date=December 2012}} Page 4.&lt;/ref&gt;

== N'ụlọ mkpọrọ ==
N'afọ 1940, ọchịchị Rana boro Shrestha ebubo ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru ma maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ iri na asatọ maka uri o dere na Nepal Bhasa. O nwere ahịrịokwu &quot;Na-enweghị mgbanwe, enweghị ike inwe udo kwesịrị ekwesị&quot;.

Ọtụtụ ndị na-ede uri, ma e wezụga ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na Shrestha. Ndị mkpọrọ ibe ya nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ gụnyere ndị edemede Chittadhar Hridaya, Phatte Bahadur Singh na [[Dharma Ratna Yami]] na onye na-ese ihe Chandra Man Singh Maskey. Mkpọrọ nke ndị edemede mere ka e nwee ihe okike, ọtụtụ n'ime ha, gụnyere Shrestha, na-emepụta akụkọ ifo.

Nna Shrestha nwụrụ mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, mana e kweghị ya mee emume ikpeazụ.  Iru újú ahụ mere ka o dee uri nke jupụtara ná mwute.  A tọhapụrụ ya  n'afọ 1945.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bajracharya|first=Phanindra Ratna|title=Kavi Siddhi Charan Shrestha ya Nepal Bhasay Sahitya Yatra|work=Thaunkanhe|date=December 2012}} Page 3.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ odeakụkọ ==
Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ. Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ kwa ụbọchị nke Nepal bụ ''Awaj'' nke a malitere na 19 Febụwarị 1951, otu ụbọchị mgbe a kwaturu Ranas na mgbanwe ọchịchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://npi10month.blogspot.com/2010/02/history-of-nepali-journalism.html|title=History of Nepali Journalism|publisher=Nepal Press Institute|date=15 February 2010|accessdate=14 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-04-17|title=Yugkavi: A Symbol of Consciousness|url=https://thegorkhatimes.com/2021/04/17/yugkavi-a-symbol-of-consciousness/|accessdate=2022-02-18|work=The Gorkha Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; E jikọtakwara ya na Sharada, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na ''Gorkhapatra'', nke bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-ebipụta kwa izu.

== Nsọpụrụ ==
N'afọ 1993, Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ Ntanetị nke Nepal wepụtara stampụ ncheta nke nwere onyinyo Shrestha iji kwanyere onyinye ya na akwụkwọ Nepalese ùgwù.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rajan.com/stamps/st1993.htm|title=List of Nepali Postage Stamps Issued|accessdate=6 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akpọ okporo ụzọ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Nepal nke na-eduga Okhaldhunga Highway Siddhicharan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sureis|date=2019-04-30|title=Siddhicharan Highway in sorry state|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/siddhicharan-highway-in-sorry-state|accessdate=2022-02-18|work=The Himalayan Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gọọmentị Nepal gụgharịrị ebe a mụrụ ya ka ọ bụrụ obodo Siddhicharan.

== Hụkwa ==

* Lekhnath Paudyal
* Laxmi Prasad Devkota
* Bhupi Sherchan

== Edensibia ==
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    <title>K. Alexander Adelaar</title>
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'''Karl Alexander &quot;Sander&quot; Adelaar''' FAHA (amụrụ n'afọ 1953 na The Hague &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Adelaar, Sander|publisher=NIAS|url=https://nias.knaw.nl/fellow/adelaar-sander/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430150309/https://nias.knaw.nl/fellow/adelaar-sander/|archivedate=2020-04-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ ọkachamara asụsụ nwere mmasị na asụsụ ndị Austronesian nke Borneo, Madagascar, na Taiwan, tinyere asụsụ Malay. Ọ na-emekwa nnyocha gbasara ọdịnala ọnụ na nke akwụkwọ nke Indonesia.)  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A/Prof Sander Adelaar|publisher=University of Melbourne|url=https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/profile/182-sander-adelaar|accessdate=2020-04-30|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adelaar nọ na Mahadum Palacky (Olomouc, Czech Republic) ugbu a ma soro Mahadum Melbourne rụkọọ ọrụ. Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ ugbu a nke Pacific Linguistics.&lt;ref&gt;[https://pacling.anu.edu.au/editorial-board/ Editorial board], Pacific Linguistics&lt;/ref&gt;  na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Oceanic Linguistics. Ọ bụ onye otu Australian Academy of the Humanities kemgbe afọ 2008. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fellow Profile: Alexander Adelaar|url=https://humanities.org.au/fellows/fellow-profile/?fellow_id=63|accessdate=2024-06-07|work=Australian Academy of the Humanities|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Adelaar bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Indonesian Studies na Mahadum Leiden . N'afọ 1977, ọ gbachitere thesis ya nke MA, na 1985 ọ nwetara nzere doctorate na asụsụ Austronesian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fellows|publisher=Australian Academy of the Humanities|url=https://www.humanities.org.au/fellows/fellows/?find_contact_id=2826|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430151650/https://www.humanities.org.au/fellows/fellows/?find_contact_id=2826|archivedate=2020-04-30|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2000" sha1="i5583o1wpk0bs4y9upq50019mgbda56" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Adelaar С.A.jpg|thumb|258x258px|K. Alexander Adelaar]]
 

'''Karl Alexander &quot;Sander&quot; Adelaar''' FAHA (amụrụ n'afọ 1953 na The Hague &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Adelaar, Sander|publisher=NIAS|url=https://nias.knaw.nl/fellow/adelaar-sander/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430150309/https://nias.knaw.nl/fellow/adelaar-sander/|archivedate=2020-04-30|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ ọkachamara asụsụ nwere mmasị na asụsụ ndị Austronesian nke Borneo, Madagascar, na Taiwan, tinyere asụsụ Malay. Ọ na-emekwa nnyocha gbasara ọdịnala ọnụ na nke akwụkwọ nke Indonesia.)  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A/Prof Sander Adelaar|publisher=University of Melbourne|url=https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/profile/182-sander-adelaar|accessdate=2020-04-30|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adelaar nọ na Mahadum Palacky (Olomouc, Czech Republic) ugbu a ma soro Mahadum Melbourne rụkọọ ọrụ. Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ ugbu a nke Pacific Linguistics.&lt;ref&gt;[https://pacling.anu.edu.au/editorial-board/ Editorial board], Pacific Linguistics&lt;/ref&gt;  na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Oceanic Linguistics. Ọ bụ onye otu Australian Academy of the Humanities kemgbe afọ 2008. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fellow Profile: Alexander Adelaar|url=https://humanities.org.au/fellows/fellow-profile/?fellow_id=63|accessdate=2024-06-07|work=Australian Academy of the Humanities|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Adelaar bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Indonesian Studies na Mahadum Leiden . N'afọ 1977, ọ gbachitere thesis ya nke MA, na 1985 ọ nwetara nzere doctorate na asụsụ Austronesian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fellows|publisher=Australian Academy of the Humanities|url=https://www.humanities.org.au/fellows/fellows/?find_contact_id=2826|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430151650/https://www.humanities.org.au/fellows/fellows/?find_contact_id=2826|archivedate=2020-04-30|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Dame Iritana Te Rangi Tāwhiwhirangi''' DNZM MBE (amụrụ Irirangi Thatcher; 21 Maachị 1929 - 1 Febrụwarị 2025) bụ onye New Zealand na-akwado mmụta asụsụ Māori na mmegharị reo kọhanga. 

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ ya na Hicks Bay na 21 Machị 1929, &lt;ref name=&quot;Whos who&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa 2001|journal=New Zealand Who's Who, Aotearoa|year=2001|issn=1172-9813}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tpk.govt.nz/en/in-print/kokiri/kokiri-12-2008/iritana-tawhiwhirangi-honoured-by-creative-|title=Kōkiri and Kōkiritia|work=Tpk.govt.nz|accessdate=2017-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tāwhiwhirangi bụ nke Ngāti Porou, Ngāti Kahungunu, Ngāpuhi, ndị Canada na ndị England.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/education/3646255/New-Maori-dame-helped-thousands-learn-te-reo|title=New Maori dame helped thousands learn te reo|work=Stuff.co.nz|date=2010-05-01|accessdate=2017-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Hukarere Girls' School site na 1943 ruo 1946, na Wellington Teachers' College site na 1947 ruo 1948. &lt;ref name=&quot;Whos who&quot; /&gt;Mgbe ọ nọ na Wellington, Tāwhiwhirangi zutere ma lụọ Porourangi Tāwhiwhorang, onye rangatira nke Ngāti Porou na 1949 .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22541938|title=Tāwhiwhirangi, Iritana Te Rangi (Dame), 1929–|work=National Library of New Zealand|accessdate=2 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Woman kind: New Zealand women making a difference|publisher=Penguin Books|date=2019|location=Auckland, New Zealand|isbn=978-0-14-377272-9|first=Margie|author=Thomson|pages=66–69}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ha abụọ laghachiri n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ ma Tāwhiwhirangi malitere ịkụzi na Waiōmatatini School. Di ya nwụrụ n'afo 1969. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE59863294|title=Tawhiwhirangi Porourangi – Tikitiki – sheep farmer|work=Archives New Zealand|accessdate=2 February 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1980, Tāwhiwhirangi hapụrụ nkuzi, kama ọ laghachiri Wellington ịrụ ọrụ n'ime Ngalaba nke Mmekọrịta Māori.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Woman kind: New Zealand women making a difference|publisher=Penguin Books|date=2019|location=Auckland, New Zealand|isbn=978-0-14-377272-9|first=Margie|author=Thomson|pages=66–69}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFThomsonYoung2019&quot;&gt;Thomson, Margie; Young, Simon (2019). ''Woman kind: New Zealand women making a difference''. Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin Books. pp.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;66–&lt;/span&gt;69. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-14-377272-9|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-14-377272-9&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ gachara atụmatụ mba na Waiwhetu Marae na 1980, o tinyere mgbalị ya iji mee ka Te Reo Māori dịghachi ndụ. Iji mee nke a, ọ gara gburugburu New Zealand, na-eleta marae na-akwado ụdị agụmakwụkwọ ọhụrụ, nke Maori na-eduzi iji nyere aka weghachite asụsụ ahụ. Mgbalị ndị a dugara n'ịmepụta te Kōhanga reo, ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị lekwasịrị anya na imikpu kpamkpam maka ụmụaka nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara, nke ndị okenye Maori kụziiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Te Kōhanga Reo {{!}} NZ History|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/women-together/te-kohanga-reo|work=nzhistory.govt.nz|accessdate=2026-01-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwado Tāwhirangi n'ofe mba ahụ dị irè nke ukwuu, n'ihi na na 1982, e nwere 100, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nọgidere na-eto ruo 800 na 1994, ọ bụ ezie na ka ọ na-erule afọ 2026 nke a alaghachila na 460.Tāwhiwhirangi bụ onye otu ndụ nke Māori Welfare League na Toitū Kaupapa Māori Mātauranga – Māori Education Trust.  Ọ jere ozi na Board of Trustees nke Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Te Kōhanga Reo Early Childhood Centres Aotearoa|url=https://www.myece.org.nz/te-kohanga-reo/|work=My ECE|date=2022-12-01|accessdate=2026-01-30|language=en-NZ|first=My|author=ECE}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kohanga.ac.nz/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1&amp;Itemid=155|title=Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust|work=Kohanga.ac.nz|date=2017-03-15|accessdate=2017-03-21|archivedate=14 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514011140/http://www.kohanga.ac.nz/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=1&amp;Itemid=155}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tāwhiwhirangi nwụrụ na 1 Febụwarị 2025, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri itoolu na ise. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2 February 2025|title=Māori educator Dame Iritana Te Rangi Tāwhiwhirangi dies aged 95|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/540653/maori-educator-dame-iritana-te-rangi-tawhiwhirangi-dies-aged-95|accessdate=2 February 2025|work=[[RNZ News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ na ihe nri ==
E nyere Tāwhiwhirangi Ihe nrite ncheta nke New Zealand 1990,&lt;ref name=&quot;Whos who&quot; /&gt; na 1992 New Year Honours, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ [[Order of the British Empire|Onye otu Order of the British Empire]], iji kwado ọrụ ya dị ka onye isi njikwa nke Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust.  N'afọ 1993, ọ natara ihe nrite New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whos who&quot; /&gt;

Na 2001 New Year Honours, a họpụtara Tāwhiwhirangi dị ka Onye ibe nke New Zealand Order of Merit maka ọrụ maka agụmakwụkwọ Māori, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dpmc.govt.nz/publications/new-year-honours-list-2001|title=New Year honours list 2001|date=30 December 2000|publisher=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet|accessdate=17 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 2009 Queen's Birthday Honours a kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ Dame Companion, kwa maka ọrụ maka mmụta Māori. 

Tāwhiwhirangi bụ onye ikpeazụ maka 2014 New Zealander of the Year Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Laird|first=Lindy|title=Kaitaia health champion wins again|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/northern-advocate/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503450&amp;objectid=11211479|accessdate=28 February 2014|work=[[The Northern Advocate]]|date=28 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{Cite web|url=http://www.kohanga.ac.nz/|title=Te Kōhanga Reo National Trust|year=2010|accessdate=2010-10-10}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.maorieducation.org.nz/|title=Toitū Kaupapa Māori Mātauranga – Māori Education Trust|accessdate=2010-10-10}}</text>
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      <text bytes="5821" sha1="tlns6fa8bhokw2ascs2snfdvbmvllvk" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Māmari Stephens (born 1970) in the video 'Māori legal resource hub'.png|thumb|Māmari Stephens ]]
 

'''Māmari Stephens'''  (amụrụ 1970) bụ agụmakwụkwọ iwu a kacha mara amara maka ọrụ ya na-eke He Papakupu Reo Ture: A Dictionary of Māori Legal Terms, Māori-Bekee akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu abụọ nke okwu iwu.  Ọ kọwara dị ka onye sitere na Te Rarawa na Ngāti Pākehā.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Stephens, Meredith Mamari, 1970-|url=https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22488138|accessdate=23 November 2020|work=National Library of New Zealand}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;lmp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.victoria.ac.nz/law/research/research-projects/past-research-projects/legal-maori|title=Legal Māori Project - Faculty of Law - Victoria University of Wellington|publisher=Victoria.ac.nz|date=|accessdate=2014-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who We Are|url=https://www.chaplaincyvuw.org.nz/who-we-are|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=Chaplaincy VUW|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Stephens nwere nzụlite na oge ochie na iwu na Mahadum Victoria nke Wellington, ebe ọ bụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ ugbu a na Iwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.victoria.ac.nz/law/about/staff/mamari-stephens|title=Mamari Stephens - Faculty of Law - Victoria University of Wellington|publisher=Victoria.ac.nz|date=2008-07-01|accessdate=2014-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Russell McVeagh na Wellington ruo afọ 3.5. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Associate Professor Māmari Stephens {{!}} Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga|url=https://www.maramatanga.co.nz/person/associate-professor-m-mari-stephens|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=www.maramatanga.co.nz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2019, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ ụkọchukwu na Chọọchị Anglican dị na Aotearoa, New Zealand na Polynesia ma bụrụkwa onye ụkọchịrị Māori na Mahadum Victoria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Diocesan Thanksgiving and Ordination – Movement Online|url=https://movementonline.org.nz/familycelebration2018/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126221701/https://movementonline.org.nz/familycelebration2018/|archivedate=26 January 2020|accessdate=13 January 2022|work=movementonline.org.nz}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Māmari Stephens - BWB Bridget Williams Books|url=https://www.bwb.co.nz/authors/mamari-stephens/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=www.bwb.co.nz|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọ na Board of Trustees nke Wellington City Mission . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-09-13|title=Our People {{!}} Wellington City Mission|url=https://wellingtoncitymission.org.nz/about/our-people/|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=wellingtoncitymission.org.nz|language=en-NZ}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ Iwu Maori ==
N'ịbụ onye Stephens na Mary Boyce nke Mahadum Hawaiʻi na Mānoa duziri, oru ngo a na-enweta FRST  mepụtara akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu mbụ nke asụsụ Māori-Bekee nke usoro iwu, He Papakupu Reo Ture: Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu nke Okwu Iwu Maori.Ọrụ ahụ gụnyere idegharị ihe odide akụkọ ihe mere eme digitit, na New Zealand Electronic Text Center wepụtara ọtụtụ n'ime ederede ndị torola eto na-enweghị ikike nwebisiinka.&lt;ref name=&quot;lmp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.victoria.ac.nz/law/research/research-projects/past-research-projects/legal-maori|title=Legal Māori Project - Faculty of Law - Victoria University of Wellington|publisher=Victoria.ac.nz|date=|accessdate=2014-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawsociety.org.nz/lawtalk/lawtalk-archives/issue-814/maori-legal-projects-win-foundation-support|title=Maori legal projects win Foundation support - NZ Law Society|publisher=Lawsociety.org.nz|date=2013-07-16|accessdate=2014-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-corpus-legalMaori.html|title=He Pātaka Kupu Ture / Legal Māori Archive &amp;#124; NZETC|publisher=Nzetc.victoria.ac.nz|date=|accessdate=2014-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nsonaazụ ndị ọzọ sitere na Project Māori Legal, gụnyere ọkọwa okwu, corpus na ihe nchọgharị corpus, dị na www.legalmaori.net dị ka akụkụ nke Māori Law Resource Hub, Te Pokapū Reo Ture.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Stephens lụrụ Maynard Gilgen. Ha nwere ụmụ atọ ma biri na Wellington. Ọ na-aga Ụlọ ụka St Michael's , Kelburn, ebe ọ na-ahụ maka ozi ndị ntorobịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who We Are|url=https://www.chaplaincyvuw.org.nz/who-we-are|accessdate=2022-11-23|work=Chaplaincy VUW|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinụlọ ya ''whakapapa'' jikọtara ya na Wainui marae na Ahipara.

== Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ==

* Social Security and Welfare Law in Aotearoa New Zealand (Thomsen and Reuters, 2019)   
* ''He Papakupu Reo Ture: A Dictionary of Maori Legal Terms''  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://maorilawreview.co.nz/2012/09/the-legal-maori-dictionary-treading-a-careful-path/|title=The Legal Māori Dictionary – treading a careful path… at Māori Law Review|publisher=Maorilawreview.co.nz|date=2012-08-08|accessdate=2014-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.maorilawsociety.co.nz/launch-of-he-papakupu-reo-ture-a-dictionary-of-maori-legal-terms/|title=Launch of He Papakupu Reo Ture: A Dictionary of Māori Legal Terms|work=Te Hunga Rōia Māori o Aotearoa|publisher=Maorilawsociety.co.nz|date=2013-06-12|accessdate=2014-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; (onye mmeri nke ''Nga Kupu Ora Aotearoa Maori Book Awards.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Resumes by Name|url=http://www.thebigidea.co.nz/news/industry-news/2013/oct/135397-maori-book-awards|title=Maori book awards &amp;#124; The Big Idea &amp;#124; Te Aria Nui|publisher=The Big Idea|date=11 October 2013|accessdate=2014-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; )  
* &quot;A Return to the Tohunga Suppression Act 1907&quot;, Victoria University Wellington Law Review, 32, 437

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Dayo Benjamins-Laniyi</title>
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{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Adedayo Benjamins-Laniyi
| honorific_prefix    = 
| honorific_suffix    = 
| image               = 
| width               = 
| alt                 = 
| caption             = 
| office              = Mandate Secretary, FCTA Women Affairs Secretariat
| term_start          = 24 October 2023
| term_end            = 
| president           = [[Bola Tinubu]]
| predecessor         = position established
| successor           = 
| office1             = 
| termstart1          = 
| termend1            = 
| deputy1             = 
| predecessor1        = 
| successor1          = 
| office2             = 
| termstart2          = 
| termend2            = 
| governor2           = 
| predecessor2        = 
| successor2          = 
| birth_name          = Adedayo Benjamins-Laniyi
| birth_date          = {{Birth date and age|1965|10|16|df=y}}
| birth_place         = 
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| nationality         = &lt;!-- see [[WP:INFONAT]] --&gt;
| party               = [[All Progressives Congress]]
| otherparty          = 
| spouse              = Pastor Tunde Benjamins-Laniyi
| relations           = 
| children            = 4
| residence           = Abuja
| alma_mater          = [[University of Ibadan]]
| occupation          = Politician, Gender Based Activist
| profession          = 
| website             = adedayobenjaminslaniyi.com
}}

Adedayo Benjamins-Laniyi (née Olumide, amụrụ n'afọ 1965)bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị, onye na-eme emume ma na-eje ozi dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'okpuru pati na-achị Naịjirịa, All Progressives Congress (APC). N'afọ 2023, Onyeisiala Bola Tinubu họpụtara ya dịka odeakwụkwọ iwu ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ nke Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA) Women Affairs Secretary..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Shaibu|first=Nathaniel|date=2023-10-16|title=Tinubu appoints Benjamins-Laniyi as FCT women affairs secretary|url=https://punchng.com/tinubu-appoints-benjamins-laniyi-as-fct-women-affairs-secretary/|accessdate=2024-09-09|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ bụ onyeisi ndị nne na nna nke 'Olileanya Ọzọ maka ụmụ nwanyị FCT n'ọchịchị', ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịgba ụmụ nwanyị ume na iduzi ha n'ọgbọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Naịjirịa..

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Adedayo Benjamins-Laniyi n'afọ 1965 ma si Ogun State ma nwee ọmụmụ abụọ, ebe nne ya si Trinidad. Ọ gara Queens College, Lagos maka agụmakwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya ma bụrụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1989 na Mahadum Ibadan .

O guzobere ihe omume mgbasa ozi na ụdị ndụ a na-akpọ Doxa Group, ma rụọkwa ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta TV na Ask Aunty D nke a na-egosi na Christian Broadcasting Network . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Benjamin-Laniyi: My Utmost Concern for the Nigerian Girl-Child is That She May Attain and Live the Life of Her Dream – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/02/03/benjamin-laniyi-my-utmost-concern-for-the-nigerian-girl-child-is-that-she-may-attain-and-live-the-life-of-her-dream/|accessdate=2024-09-12|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye ụkọchukwu a họpụtara ahọpụta na Redeemed Christian Church of God ma lụọ Pastor Tunde Benjamins-Laniyi, onye ụkọcha nke RCCG Throne Room [[Transnational Corporation of Nigeria|Transcorp Hilton]], Abuja.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oyediji|first=Tayo|date=2022-11-22|title=Why Sen. OLUREMI TINUBU Likes DAYO BEN LANIYI|url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/why-sen-oluremi-tinubu-likes-dayo-ben-laniyi/|accessdate=2024-09-12|work=City People Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere ụmụ anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=sgreen|date=2018-09-24|title=Dayo Benjamins-Laniyi, A Woman Who Speaks and Acts with Integrity|url=https://bigoceanwomen.org/dayo-benjamins-laniyi-a-woman-who-speaks-and-acts-with-integrity/|accessdate=2024-09-12|work=Big Ocean Women|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Na APC, ọ nọ n'etiti mmadụ anọ sonyere na ntuli aka iji nọchite anya Federal Capital Territory na 2022, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Abuchi|first=Joe|date=2022-05-13|title=I Present Myself As Expression Of Change In FCT - Senate Aspirant Dayo Laniyi|url=https://authorityngr.com/2022/05/13/i-present-myself-as-expression-of-change-in-fct-senate-aspirant-dayo-laniyi/|accessdate=2024-09-09|work=THE AUTHORITY NEWS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; mana ọ meriri Angulu Zakari - onye bụbu onye otu House of Representatives maka Abaji / Gwagwalada / Kwali / Kuje site na 81%. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-06-11|title=Why Adedayo, others not satisfied with FCT APC Senate primaries - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/why-adedayo-others-not-satisfied-with-fct-apc-senate-primaries/|accessdate=2024-09-09|language=en-US|work=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2023, Onye isi ala Bola Ahmed Tinubu họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ.

== Arụmụka ==
Dị ka onye na-eme kwa afọ nke The Experience nke House on the Rock kwadoro, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2022-12-14|title=The Experience returned for Its 17th Edition With a Night of Powerful Performances &amp; Prayer|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/the-experience-17th-edition/|accessdate=2024-09-09|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dayo Benjamins-Laniyi onye n'oge ahụ bụ onye omeiwu na-achọ na APC mgbe ọ na-ewebata onye bụbu gọvanọ steeti Anambra na onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala nke Labour Party [[Peter Obi]] kwuru na mmeghe ya bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọ bụghị nke onwe ya. A tụlere mmeghe ahụ na-ese okwu nke ukwuu na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta ka otu dị iche iche tụlere ma ọ dị mkpa ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị dịka ihe omume ahụ na-enweghị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-atụle na ha sitere na ndị na-emegide onwe ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ibeh|first=Nnenna|date=2022-12-06|title=Wahala: Nigerians react to weird moment APC Senate aspirant introduced Peter Obi|url=https://www.legit.ng/politics/1507586-its-political-personal-nigerians-react-video-apc-reps-aspirant-introducing-peter-obi-church/|accessdate=2024-09-09|work=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado ==
N'afọ 2020, ọ natara nkwado site na mmetụta nke ọrụ Dream Girls ya ebe o metụtara ihe karịrị ụmụ agbọghọ 500 na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-11-06|title=Abuja school honours activist for girl empowerment - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/abuja-school-honours-activist-for-girl-empowerment/|accessdate=2024-09-12|language=en-US|work=[[Daily Trust]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Benjamins-Laniyi bụ Fellow nke Institute of Chartered Management Consultants na Certified Management Consultant . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Benjamins-Laniyi, Dayo}
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'''Jacques Dubois''' (20 Machị 1933 - 12 Febụwarị 2026) bụ onye ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ Belgium na-ede akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ma bụrụ Prọfesọ na ngalaba akwụkwọ ọgụgụ làrà ezumike nká na Mahadum Liège . O chepụtara echiche nke Literary Institution na-agbaso ọrụ Pierre Bourdieu  site na ntụnyere n'ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze ndị ọzọ dị ka ndị agha, ahụike, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ bụkwa onye òtù Groupe μ. N'afọ 1983, ọ bụ onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke Manifesto for Walloon culture.

A mụrụ Dubois na Liège n'afọ 1933.

 N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2003, akwụkwọ akụkọ iri abụọ na otu nke Simenon mere ka nchịkọta La Pléiade juputakwuo. Jacques Dubois, onye isi oche nke Center for Georges Simenon Studies họọrọ akwụkwọ Simenon, dee nchịkọta isiokwu na nnyocha gasị ya na onye ọkachamara Walloon Simenon ọzọ bụ Benoît Denis. Jacques Dubois dere:&lt;blockquote&gt;Anyị nweere onwe anyị kpamkpam ịhọrọ ọrụ iri abụọ na otu ndị ahụ, ndị a ga-egosipụta na Pléiade. Nhọrọ ahụ siri ike ma na-egbu mgbu.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

 Benoît Denis:&lt;blockquote&gt;N'ezie, anyị etinyela ọrụ nka ndị a na-apụghị ize eze, The ''Snow Was Black, Act of Passion Mr. Hire's Engagement, The Little Saint''. Anyị chọọrọ ka egosipụta oge dị iche iche nke ndụ ya, French, American, Swiss. N'ihi ya, anyị etinyela ọrụ site na mmalite ya, nke a na-amaghị nke ọma, dị ka Tropic Moon na The House by the Canal, ebe, n'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, Simenon niile adịlarị. Anyị etinyela Maigrets ole na ole, ebe ọ bụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị a nwere ihe dị mma na ihe na-ekwughachi ugboro ugboro.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Dubois nwụrụ na 12 Febụwarị 2026, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri itoolu na abụọ. 

== Ụlọ ọrụ na-ede akwụkwọ ==
Dị ka Michel Biron si kwuo, &quot;Jacques Dubois chọrọ ịmepụta njikọ dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ na ederede, ebe ụlọ ọrụ na otu n'ime sociocriticism na, echiche ya, leghaara ebumnuche anya, ya bụ ọnọdụ nke ọnọdụ ihe onwunwe nke ederede. &quot;

== Ọrụ ya ==

*
** ''Rhétorique générale'' (avec le Groupe μ), Éditions Larousse, 1970. Réédition en format de poche, Éditions Le Seuil, Paris, 1992.
** ''Rhétorique de la poésie'' (avec le Groupe μ), Éditions Complexe, Bruxelles, 1977.
** ''L'essai, la critique'' in : La Wallonie, le Pays et les Hommes, La Renaissance du Livre, Bruxelles, 1979.
** ''Le secret du Manifeste'' in : La Revue Nouvelle, janvier 1984 (numéro spécial consacré au Manifesto for Walloon culture).
** ''L'institution de la littérature : Introduction à une sociologie'', Bruxelles, Labor, 1990.
** ''Réalité wallonne et médias'' in : Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe, ''Oser être wallon'', Quorum, Gerpinnes, 1998.
** ''Le Roman policier ou la modernité'', Paris, Nathan, 1996.
** ''Pour Albertine. Proust et le sens du social'', Paris, Seuil, 1997.
** ''Les Romanciers du réel. De Balzac à Simenon'', Paris, Seuil, 2000.
** ''Stendhal. Une sociologie romanesque'', Paris, La Découverte, 2007.

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.wallonie-en-ligne.net/Wallonie-Futur-1_1987/WF1-72_Dubois-J.htm Obodo Na-atụ Egwu]
* [http://ecrits-vains.com/polars/telus01.htm Akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị uwe ojii na ihe ndị a kọrọ n'oge a]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090117213456/http://www.cahiers-naturalistes.com/dubois.htm Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ. Site na Balzac ruo Simenon]
* Stendhal, une sociologie romanesque E debere ya na March 3, 2016, na Wayback Machine
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'''Margaret Shirley Mutu''' bụ onye ndu Ngāti Kahu, onye ode akwụkwọ na agụmakwụkwọ sitere na Karikari, New Zealand wee rụọ ọrụ na Mahadum Auckland, New Zealand.  Ọ bụ Māori na iwi (ebo) ya bụ Ngāti Kahu, Te Rarawa na Ngāti Whātua. 

== Akụkọ ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Mutu na Auckland . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=1986-01-01|title=Mutu, Margaret, active 1986-2000s|url=https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22527291|accessdate=2021-09-20|work=National Library of New Zealand|language=en-NZ}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nne ya Penelope Brough-Robertson bụ Pākehā nke sitere na Scotland ma bụrụ onye nọọsụ na National Women's Hospital . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Husband|first=Dale|date=2015-12-12|title=Margaret Mutu: They told me I'd know how to beat these Pākehā|url=https://e-tangata.co.nz/korero/margaret-mutu-they-told-me-id-know-how-to-beat-these-pakeha/|accessdate=2021-09-20|work=E-Tangata|language=en-NZ}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zụlitere nna ya Tame / Tom Mutu na Northern Wairoa na mpụga Dargaville ma bụrụkwa onye Maori na-esonyere Ngāti Kahu, Te Rarawa na Ngāti Whātua, ndị niile si Northland Region nke New Zealand.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ gara mgbe ọ na-etolite na Mount Roskill, Auckland bụ Waikowhai Primary School na Mt Roskill Intermediate. Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị, Mutu gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na New Plymouth, na New Prymouth Girls&quot; High boarding na Rangiātea Methodist Māori Girls hostel.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Mutu nwetara BSc na mgbakọ na mwepụ, MPhil na ọmụmụ Maori, PhD na ọmụmụ Māori na Mahadum nke Auckland na-ahụ maka asụsụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|year=2011|title=New Zealand Parliament|url=http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/SC/Documents/Evidence/b/c/e/49SCMA_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL10309_1_A159877-Te-Runanga-a-iwi-o-Ngati-Kahu.htm|accessdate=7 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Author Interview: Margaret Mutu|url=http://manoa.hawaii.edu/tcp/node/58|accessdate=2021-09-20|work=Manoa Hawaii}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya Aspects of the structure of the Ùa Pou dialect of the Marquesan language . 

== Ọrụ ==
Mutu bụ Prọfesọ nke Māori Studies na Mahadum Auckland.Ọ kuziri nkuzi asụsụ Māori na Treaty of Waitangi kemgbe 1986.Mutu bụ onye otu Royal Society of New Zealand a họpụtara na 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;iwi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47|title=Chairperson &amp;#124; Ngāti Kahu|work=ngatikahu.iwi.nz|year=2011|accessdate=7 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208065401/http://ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47|archivedate=8 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|year=2011|title=New Zealand Parliament|url=http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/SC/Documents/Evidence/b/c/e/49SCMA_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL10309_1_A159877-Te-Runanga-a-iwi-o-Ngati-Kahu.htm|accessdate=7 September 2011}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.parliament.nz/en-NZ/PB/SC/Documents/Evidence/b/c/e/49SCMA_EVI_00DBHOH_BILL10309_1_A159877-Te-Runanga-a-iwi-o-Ngati-Kahu.htm &quot;New Zealand Parliament&quot;]. 2011&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 September&lt;/span&gt; 2011&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-22|title=News and opinion|url=https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/about/news-events-and-notices/news/news-2017/11/renowned-maaori-scholar-honoured-by-royal-society.html|accessdate=2021-03-25|work=The University of Auckland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mutu jidere ọtụtụ ọrụ onyeisi oche gụnyere nke Te Rūnanga-ā-Iwi o Ngāti Kahu (konde nke ndị nnọchiteanya, ma ọ bụ ndị omeiwu, nke Ngāti Kaho iwi ma ọ bụ mba), &lt;ref name=&quot;iwi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47|title=Chairperson &amp;#124; Ngāti Kahu|work=ngatikahu.iwi.nz|year=2011|accessdate=7 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208065401/http://ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47|archivedate=8 February 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130208065401/http://ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47 &quot;Chairperson &amp;#x7C; Ngāti Kahu&quot;]. ''ngatikahu.iwi.nz''. 2011. Archived from [http://ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47 the original] on 8 February 2013&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;7 September&lt;/span&gt; 2011&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Onye isi na-azọrọ Ngāti Kaha na onye isi na-ekwuchitere nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta, na ọnụ na-ekwuru mgbasa ozi, onye otu National Iwi Chairs' Forum (na-anọchite anya Ngāti Kahi). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home - Sharing the vision of Kotahitanga|work=Iwi Chairs Forum - Sharing the vision of Kotahitanga|url=https://iwichairs.maori.nz/|accessdate=2021-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Matike Mai Aotearoa: The Independent Working Group on Constitutional Transformation, nke Moana Jackson kpọkọtara,  na onye isi oche of the Aotearoa Independent Monitoring Mechanism nke na-enyocha nkwenye New Zealand na United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Constitutional Working Group - Sharing the vision of Kotahitanga|work=Iwi Chairs Forum - Sharing the vision of Kotahitanga|date=2021-03-12|url=https://iwichairs.maori.nz/our-kaupapa/constitutional-working-group/|accessdate=2021-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.converge.org.nz/|title=Converge|accessdate=11 June 2019|archivedate=14 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614111141/http://www.converge.org.nz/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Karikari marae na Kapehu marae (na Northern Wairoa). &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chairperson|url=http://www.ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223025837/https://www.ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47|archivedate=2021-02-23|accessdate=2021-09-20|work=Ngāti Kahu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị otu kọmitii na bọọdụ gụnyere New Zealand Conservation Authority, bọọdụ nke National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Board of Enquiry into the New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement na kọmitii teknụzụ nke United Nations Convention on Biodiversity . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chairperson|url=http://www.ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223025837/https://www.ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47|archivedate=2021-02-23|accessdate=2021-09-20|work=Ngāti Kahu}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47 &quot;Chairperson&quot;]. ''Ngāti Kahu''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210223025837/https://www.ngatikahu.iwi.nz/node/47 Archived] from the original on 23 February 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 September&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 2009 ruo 2015 Mutu bụ onye otu nchịkọta akụkọ nke AlterNative - A Journal of Indigenous Scholarship . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Professor Margaret Mutu|url=https://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/people/mmut003|accessdate=2021-09-20|work=The University of Auckland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ na ihe nrite ==
N'afọ 2015, Royal Society of New Zealand nyere Mutu onyinye nturu ugo Pou Aronui &quot;maka ntinye aka ya na-akwado ikike na akwukwo ndi obodo&quot;.

N'afọ 2017, a họpụtara Mutu dị ka otu n'ime &quot;ụmụ nwanyị 150 na okwu 150&quot; nke Royal Society Te Aparangi, na-eme emume maka onyinye ụmụ nwanyị nyere maka ihe ọmụma na New Zealand.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Margaret Mutu|url=https://www.royalsociety.org.nz/150th-anniversary/150-women-in-150-words/1968-2017/margaret-mutu/|accessdate=2021-05-11|work=Royal Society Te Apārangi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ==

=== Akwụkwọ ===

* Mutu, Margaret, Lloyd Pōpata, Te Kani Williams, Ānahera Herbert-Graves, Reremoana Rēnata, JudyAnn Cooze, Zarah Pineaha, Tania Thomas, Te Ikanui Kingi-Waiaua, Te Rūnanga-ā-Iwi ma ọ bụ Ngāti Kahu na Wackrow, Williams na Davies Ltd. 2017. Ngāti Kahu: Foto nke Mba Na-achị Isi. Wellington, Huia Publishers.   
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] ''Ọnọdụ nke ikike ndị Maori''. Wellington, Huia Publishers. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-86969-437-1|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-86969-437-1&lt;/bdi&gt;]] &amp;nbsp;
* Mutu, Margaret na McCully Matiu. 2003. ''Te Whānau Moana - Ngā kaupapa me Ngati tikanga - Omenala na usoro iwu''. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0790008394|&lt;bdi&gt;0790008394&lt;/bdi&gt;]] &amp;nbsp;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2002. ''Þa Pou: Akụkụ nke ire okwu Marquesan''. Canberra: Asụsụ Pacific. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0858835266|&lt;bdi&gt;0858835266&lt;/bdi&gt;]] &amp;nbsp;

=== Akụkọ ndị a na-ede na akwụkwọ akụkọ ===

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;N'azụ anwụrụ ọkụ na enyo nke Nkwekọrịta nke Waitangi na-azọrọ usoro nkwekọrịta na New Zealand: Enweghị atụmanya maka ikpe ziri ezi na ime udo maka Māori na-enweghị mgbanwe iwu&quot; na Journal of Global Ethics Vol.14:2. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1744-9626 1744-9626] &amp;nbsp;
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Indigenizing the University of Auckland&quot; na Canadian Journal of Native Education: Indigenizing International Academy. Izu ohi 37, Nke 1, peeji nke 63-85, Vancouver, Mahadum nke British Columbia. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0710-1481 0710-1481] &amp;nbsp;
* Abel, Sue na Margaret Mutu, 2011. &quot;E nwere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na mgbe ahụ E nwere ịkpa oke agbụrụ - Margaret Mutu na arụmụka ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị&quot;, na ''The New Zealand Journal of Media Studies'', Vol. 12, Nke 2, peeji nke1-19.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2009. &quot;Ọrụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịnala ọnụ na mweghachi nke mmeri Fagin na-emeghị nke ọma: idozi nkwupụta Ngāti Kahu megide okpueze&quot; na Te Pouhere Kōrero Journal: Māori History, Māori People, peeji nke 23-44.
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2005. &quot;Na Nchọgharị nke Njikọ Māori Na-efu efu - Nọgide na njirimara agbụrụ na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe asụsụ na mweghachi nke asụsụ Maori&quot; na International Journal of the Sociology of Language. Izu ohi 172, peeji nke 117-132. New York, Mouton

=== Isiakwụkwọ akwụkwọ ===

* Mutu, Margaret. 2017. &quot;Māori of New Zealand&quot; in Sharlotte Neely (ed), ''Native Nations: The Survival of Fourth World Peoples'' (2nd edn), Vernon, British Columbia, Canada, JCharlton Publishing. pp 87–113.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-926476-17-9|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-926476-17-9&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* Mutu, Margaret. 2015. &quot;Unravelling Colonial Weaving&quot;, in Paul Little and [[Wendyl Nissen]] (eds), ''Stroppy Old Women''. Auckland, Paul Little Books. pp. 165–178.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-473-25860-3|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-473-25860-3&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* Mutu, Margaret. 2012. &quot;Custom Law and the Advent of New Pākehā Settlers: Tuku Whenua Allocation of Resource Use Rights&quot; in Danny Keenan (ed.) Huia Histories of Māori: Ngā Tāhuhu Kōrero. Wellington, Huia. pp. 93-108.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-77550-009-4|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-77550-009-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* Mutu, Margaret. 2012. &quot;Fisheries Settlement: The Sea I Never Gave&quot;, in Janine Hayward and Nicola Wheen (eds), ''Treaty of Waitangi Settlements''. Wellington, Bridget Williams Books, pp. 114–123.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-927131-38-1|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-927131-38-1&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* Mutu, Margaret. 2010. &quot;Constitutional Intentions: The Treaty Text&quot; in Mulholland, Malcolm and Veronica Tāwahi (eds). Weeping Waters. Wellington, Huia. pp 13–40.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781869694043|&lt;bdi&gt;9781869694043&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* Mutu, Margaret. 2010. &quot;Ngāti Kahu Kaitiakitanga&quot; in Malcolm Mulholland, Rachel Selby, Pataka Moore (eds). Māori and the Environment. Wellington, Huia. pp 13–36.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781869694029|&lt;bdi&gt;9781869694029&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* Mutu, Margaret. 2009. &quot;Māori Media Depiction of Chinese: From Despised and Feared to Cultural and Political Allies&quot; in Manying Ip (ed), ''The Dragon and the Taniwha''. Auckland, Auckland University Press.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9781869404369|&lt;bdi&gt;9781869404369&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* Mutu, Margaret. 2006. &quot;Recovering and Developing Ngāti Kahu's Prosperity&quot; in Malcolm Mulholland (ed), ''State of the Māori Nation''. Auckland, Reed Publishing.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780790010427|&lt;bdi&gt;9780790010427&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* Mutu, Margaret. 2004. &quot;The Humpty Dumpty principle at work: The role of mistranslation in the British settlement of Aotearoa: The Declaration of Independence and He wakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o nga hapu o Nu Tireni&quot; in Sabine Fenton (ed), ''For better or for worse: Translation as a tool for change in the South Pacific''. Manchester, England, St Jerome Publishing.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-900650-67-0|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-900650-67-0&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* Mutu, Margaret. 2004. &quot;Recovering Fagin's Ill-gotten Gains: Settling Ngāti Kahu's Treaty of Waitangi Claims against the Crown&quot; in Michael Belgrave, David Williams and Merata Kāwharu (eds), ''Waitangi Revisited: Perspectives on the Treaty of Waitangi''. Melbourne, Australia, Oxford University Press.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780195584004|&lt;bdi&gt;9780195584004&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* Mutu, Margaret. 2004. &quot;Researching the Pacific&quot; in Tupeni Baba, 'Okusitino Mahina, Nuhisifa Williams and Unaisi Nabobo-Baba (eds). Researching the Pacific and Indigenous Peoples. Auckland, Centre for Pacific Studies, The University of Auckland.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0908959079|&lt;bdi&gt;0908959079&lt;/bdi&gt;]]
* Mutu, Margaret. 2002. &quot;Barriers to tangata whenua participation in resource management&quot; in Merata Kāwharu (ed), ''Whenua: Managing our resources''. Auckland, Reed Publishing.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780790008585|&lt;bdi&gt;9780790008585&lt;/bdi&gt;]]

=== Akụkọ ===

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Na Margaret Mutu, He Whakaaro Here Whakaumu Mō Aotearoa: Akụkọ nke Matike Mai Aotearoa - Òtù Na-arụ Ọrụ Onwe Ya na Mgbanwe Iwu. Auckland, Mahadum nke Auckland na National Iwi Chairs Forum. peeji nke 125.

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}
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      <text bytes="13827" sha1="sw4a3gk7ojruddejgof8673wfgmrlnf" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Mandy Grunwald.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Mandy Grunwald]]
 

'''Madeleine Grunwald''' (amụrụ n'October 5, 1957) bụ Onye ndụmọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Onye America na onye ndụmọdụ mgbasa ozi maka Democratic Party.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Grunwald na New York City. Ọ bụ ada Henry Grunwald, onye nchịkọta akụkọ-isi nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Time site na 1979 ruo 1987 na onye nnọchi anya US na Austria site na 1988 ruo 1990, yana Beverly Suser Grunwald, onye odeakụkọ bụ onye odeakụkọ na Wear Daily Women's Wear Daily. Daily . &lt;ref name=&quot;1992-NYMag-Feature&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Smith|first=Chris|title=The Player: Rising-Star Media Consultant Mandy Grunwald Comes Out Swinging for Clinton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fuMCAAAAMBAJ&amp;dq=mandy+grunwald+harvard+major&amp;pg=PA50|work=New York Magazine|date=13 July 1992|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị nke onye edemede Lisa Grunwald na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri Peter Grunwald . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Williams|first=Alex|date=2010-04-21|title=Her True Colors|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/22/fashion/22Close.html|accessdate=2024-01-23|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ nna Grunwald n'ezinụlọ ndị Juu na-adịghị eme ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Reed|first=Christopher|date=2005-03-02|title=Henry Grunwald|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/02/pressandpublishing.guardianobituaries|accessdate=2023-02-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ tolitere na Upper East Side nke Manhattan na Martha's Vineyard . &lt;ref name=&quot;1999-NYTimes-ClintonSenateAdviser&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bumiller|first=Elisabeth|title=PUBLIC LIVES; A Top Adviser to a Much-Advised First Lady|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/20/nyregion/public-lives-a-top-adviser-to-a-much-advised-first-lady.htm|work=The New York Times|date=20 July 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Grunwald gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Nightingale-Bamford School na New York City.&lt;ref name=&quot;1999-NYTimes-ClintonSenateAdviser&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bumiller|first=Elisabeth|title=PUBLIC LIVES; A Top Adviser to a Much-Advised First Lady|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/20/nyregion/public-lives-a-top-adviser-to-a-much-advised-first-lady.htm|work=The New York Times|date=20 July 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1979, ọ natara nzere Bachelor of Arts ''magna cum laude'' na Mahadum Harvard.&lt;ref name=&quot;1992-NYMag-Feature&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Smith|first=Chris|title=The Player: Rising-Star Media Consultant Mandy Grunwald Comes Out Swinging for Clinton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fuMCAAAAMBAJ&amp;dq=mandy+grunwald+harvard+major&amp;pg=PA50|work=New York Magazine|date=13 July 1992|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;1997-NYTimes-Wedding&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=WEDDINGS; Mandy Grunwald, Matthew Cooper|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/30/style/weddings-mandy-grunwald-matthew-cooper.html|work=The New York Times|date=30 November 1997}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Sawyer-Miller Group na New York.&lt;ref name=&quot;1999-NYTimes-ClintonSenateAdviser&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bumiller|first=Elisabeth|title=PUBLIC LIVES; A Top Adviser to a Much-Advised First Lady|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/20/nyregion/public-lives-a-top-adviser-to-a-much-advised-first-lady.htm|work=The New York Times|date=20 July 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịbụ onye a ma ama site n'ọrụ ya na mkpọsa onye isi ala Bill Clinton nke gara nke ọma na 1992, nke ọ bụ onye nduzi mgbasa ozi, &lt;ref name=&quot;1999-NYTimes-ClintonSenateAdviser&quot; /&gt; Grunwald mere ihe ngosi telivishọn na-agbachitere Bill Clinton, &lt;ref name=&quot;1992-CharlieRose-ClintonCampaign&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rose|first=Charlie|title=Mandy Grunwald|url=https://charlierose.com/videos/18227|work=Charlie Rose|date=25 November 1992}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma nyere aka mepụta The Man From Hope, ihe nkiri akụkọ ndụ nke bụ ihe dị n'etiti 1992 Democratic National Convention.&lt;ref name=&quot;1992-CharlieRose-ClintonCampaign&quot; /&gt;

Mandy Grunwald mechara guzobe ma ghọọ onye isi oche nke Grunwald Communications na [[Washington, D.C.]]&lt;ref name=&quot;1997-NYTimes-Wedding&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=WEDDINGS; Mandy Grunwald, Matthew Cooper|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/30/style/weddings-mandy-grunwald-matthew-cooper.html|work=The New York Times|date=30 November 1997}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime afọ 1980 na 1990, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ mgbasa ozi maka mkpọsa Senate atọ gara nke ọma maka Daniel Patrick Moynihan &lt;ref name=&quot;1997-NYTimes-Wedding&quot; /&gt; (ma eleghị anya 1982, 1988, na 1994), yana maka mbọ Ruth Messinger na-agba na ntuli aka onye isi obodo New York City na 1997.&lt;ref name=&quot;1997-NYTimes-Wedding&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1999, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ere ahịa n'etiti mmekọrịta oyi dị n'etiti Moynihan na Hillary Clinton na-ala ezumike nká. Onye nke ikpeazụ ga-emesị nweta oche nke onye mbụ na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke New York na 2000. &lt;ref name=&quot;1999-NYTimes-ClintonSenateAdviser&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bumiller|first=Elisabeth|title=PUBLIC LIVES; A Top Adviser to a Much-Advised First Lady|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/20/nyregion/public-lives-a-top-adviser-to-a-much-advised-first-lady.htm|work=The New York Times|date=20 July 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2007-HerWay&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Gerth|first=Jeff|title=Her Way: The Hopes and Ambitions of Hillary Rodham Clinton|date=2007|publisher=Little, Brown and Co|location=New York|isbn=978-0-316-01742-8|pages=208–209|oclc=1126409336|url=https://archive.org/details/herwayhopesambit00gert}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2004, Grunwald rụrụ ọrụ maka mkpọsa Ken Salazar na [[Colorado]] na mbọ John Lynch na [[Hampshire Ohúrú|New Hampshire]], ha abụọ meriri.&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;104&quot; href=&quot;./Gifford_Miller&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Gifford Miller&quot;&gt;Gifford Miller beat Bloomberg?&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/columns/intelligencer/10429/&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;work&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;New&lt;/nowiki&gt; York Magazine&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;12 November 2004&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;language&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;en-us&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAVg\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt34\&quot; class=\&quot;citation news cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;CITEREFSargent2004\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;Sargent, Greg (12 November 2004). &lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/columns/intelligencer/10429/\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAVk\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Q&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;amp;A With Mandy Grunwald: The Clinton Factor: Can Bill and Hillary's former media guru help Gifford Miller beat Bloomberg?\&quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=\&quot;mwAVo\&quot;&gt;New York Magazine&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-2004-NYMag-GiffordMiller_8-0&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Mandy_Grunwald#cite_note-2004-NYMag-GiffordMiller-8 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;3&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ maka Gifford Miller's Democratic primary campaign na New York City's 2005 mayoral race, onye mechara merie.

The ''Washington Post'' gosipụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi so na &quot;Hillaryland&quot;, ndị ndụmọdụ Hillary Clinton kacha nso malite na ụbọchị First Lady ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;2007-WaPo-Gatekeepers&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Romano|first=Lois|title=Gatekeepers of Hillaryland: The Candidate's Coterie From Her White House Days Is Back Together, All for One and One for All|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/20/AR2007062002567_pf.html|work=The Washington Post|date=21 June 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọnọdụ Grunwald dị ka onye ndụmọdụ White House kọrọ na ọ kwụsịrị mgbe 1995, mgbe Dick Morris nọchiri ya na ndị ọzọ dị ka New York Times si kwuo.&lt;ref name=&quot;1999-NYTimes-ClintonSenateAdviser&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bumiller|first=Elisabeth|title=PUBLIC LIVES; A Top Adviser to a Much-Advised First Lady|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/20/nyregion/public-lives-a-top-adviser-to-a-much-advised-first-lady.htm|work=The New York Times|date=20 July 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agbanyeghị, na mgbakwunye na ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya dị mkpa n'etiti Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan na Hillary Clinton maka ntuli aka ndị omebe iwu 2000 New York, a họpụtara Grunwald onye isi mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi maka mkpọsa onye isi ala Hillary Clinton 2008. Maka ọrụ ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Clinton nke afọ 2006, Grunwald nwetara ihe karịrị $930,000..&lt;ref name=&quot;2006-NYTimes-Bankroll&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kornblut|first=Anne E.|title=Clinton Won Easily, but Bankroll Shows the Toll|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/21/us/politics/21donate.html|work=The New York Times|date=21 November 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2008, Grunwald rụrụ ọrụ iji họpụta Jeanne Shaheen na Al Franken na Senate, onye nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha meriri asọmpi ya site na votu 312.

Na 2010, Grunwald rụrụ ọrụ maka mgbasa ozi David Cicilline maka onye nnọchi anya US nke mpaghara ọgbakọ ọgbakọ Rhode Island nke mbụ, onye n'oge ahụ bụ onye isi obodo nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke mbụ nke isi obodo steeti US. Na mgbakwunye, Grunwald rụrụ ọrụ maka mkpọsa Senate na-aga nke ọma nke Richard Blumenthal.Go

Na ntuli aka nke afọ 2012, Grunwald rụrụ ọrụ na mkpọsa ntuli aka gara nke ọma maka Senator Elizabeth Warren na Senator Tammy Baldwin, abụọ n'ime agbụrụ Senate kachasị sie ike na mba ahụ. Baldwin meriri Tommy Thompson, Gọvanọ nke Wisconsin ugboro anọ, onye a hụrụ n'anya na asọmpi Senate na Warren meriri Scott Brown, onye bụ naanị Senator nọ n'ọkwa nke tụfuru oche ya na ntuli aka Nọvemba 2012.

N'afọ 2016, Grunwald sonyeere Hillary Clinton na mkpọsa onye isi ala nke afọ 2016 dị ka onye ndụmọdụ nkwukọrịta.

Na 2018, Grunwald rụkwara ọrụ ọzọ maka Senator Elizabeth Warren na Senator Tammy Baldwin, yana Senator Amy Klobuchar. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ maka mkpọsa Gubernatorial Molly Kelly na New Hampshire na Kevin Lembo's Comptroller mkpọsa na Connecticut..  &amp;nbsp;

Na 2020, Grunwald nyeere Senator John Hickenlooper aka imeri Cory Gardner wee rụọ ọrụ maka Senator Jeanne Shaheen, onye oke oke ya họpụtara ọzọ.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times akọwaala Grunwald dị ka &quot;onye maara ihe, onye siri ike, onye na-enweghị isi, na-eguzosi ike n'ihe nye ndị na-achọ ya, nwere ikuku nke ịdị elu na nnukwu ntụkwasị obi.&quot; The Times dekwara, sị, &quot;Dị ka nwanne ya nwanyị, Lisa, onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ, dere na magazin Glamour afọ anọ gara aga: 'Ọ bụ okenye. Braver. Taller. Meaner. Stronger&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;1999-NYTimes-ClintonSenateAdviser&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bumiller|first=Elisabeth|title=PUBLIC LIVES; A Top Adviser to a Much-Advised First Lady|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/20/nyregion/public-lives-a-top-adviser-to-a-much-advised-first-lady.htm|work=The New York Times|date=20 July 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kwenyere na Grunwald bụ ihe kpaliri onye &quot;Daisy Green&quot; na roman à clef nke 1992 presidential campaign, Primary Colonymousors, bipụtara na 1996&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;1996-NYTimes-PrimaryColors&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Purdum|first=Todd S.|title=The Author Could Not Be Reached for Comment|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/01/us/the-author-could-not-be-reached-for-comment.html|work=The New York Times|date=1 February 1996}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, tupu ekpughe Joe Klein ịbụ onye okike, Mandy Grunwald na nwanne ya nwanyị na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ Lisa Grunwald so na ndị a na-enyo enyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;1996-NYTimes-PrimaryColors&quot; /&gt; Na ihe nkiri 1998 Primary Colors, Maura Tierney gosipụtara onye dabeere na ya. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke mkpali maka onye West Wing bụ Mandy Hampton . &lt;ref name=&quot;2003-WestWing&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rollins|first=Peter C.|title=The West Wing: The American Presidency As Television Drama|date=2003|publisher=Syracuse University Press|location=Syracuse, NY|isbn=978-0-815-63031-9|oclc=51477924}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọrịa COVID-19 na United States onye nduzi CDC Rochelle Walensky tụgharịrị gaa na Mandy Grunwald maka ndụmọdụ mgbe nkwurịta okwu mebiri emebi.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
N'afọ 1997, Grunwald lụrụ onye nta akụkọ Matthew Cooper . &lt;ref name=&quot;1997-NYTimes-Wedding&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=WEDDINGS; Mandy Grunwald, Matthew Cooper|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/30/style/weddings-mandy-grunwald-matthew-cooper.html|work=The New York Times|date=30 November 1997}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha kewara na ngwụcha afọ 2007. &lt;ref name=&quot;2008-WaPost-Separation&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Argetsinger|first=Amy|title=Straight From the Heartthrob|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/30/AR2008043000841.html|work=The Washington Post|date=30 April 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha nwere nwa nwoke, amụrụ na 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;1999-NYTimes-ClintonSenateAdviser&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bumiller|first=Elisabeth|title=PUBLIC LIVES; A Top Adviser to a Much-Advised First Lady|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/20/nyregion/public-lives-a-top-adviser-to-a-much-advised-first-lady.htm|work=The New York Times|date=20 July 1999}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemisibia ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Esther Oribamise</title>
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'''Esther Tosin Oribamise''' (amụrụ na 27 n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2001) bụ [[Ndị Naijiria|Onye Naijiria]] na-egwu tenis table . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Esther Oribamise|url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/esther-oribamise/febdd361-4ce8-4080-a919-9ba8f63accb2|accessdate=14 April 2023|work=Birmingham2022.com|publisher=[[Birmingham Organising Committee for the 2022 Commonwealth Games Limited]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O sonyere Naijiria na asọmpi table tennis nke obodo na nke mba ụwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2017 SU: Team Nigeria led by Tosin Oribamise targets Medals in Taipei|url=https://www.fisu.net/news/nusf-news/2017-su-team-nigeria-led-by-tosin-oribamise-targets-medals-in-taipei|accessdate=14 April 2023|work=fisu.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru ==
Oribamise so na asọmpi Tebụl na asọmpi Commonwealth 2022 na-anọchite anya Naịjirịa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=IV|first=Editorial|date=28 July 2022|title=2022CWG: Meet 94 athletes representing Nigeria at 2022 Commonwealth Games *Their sports|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/2022cwg-meet-94-athletes-representing-nigeria-at-2022-commonwealth-games-their-sports/|accessdate=14 April 2023|work=Blueprint Newspapers|quote=PARA-TABLE TENNIS: 60 AGUNBIADE Tajudeen, IKPEOYI Ifechukwude, OBAZUAYE Faith, OBIORA Chinenye Faith, OGUNKUNLE Isau, OLUFEMI Alabi Olabiyi, SULE Nasiru. TABLE TENNIS: 67 AMADI Omeh, ARUNA Quadri, BELLO Fatima Atinuke, BODE Abiodun, OFFIONG Edem, OJOMO Ajoke*** , OLAJIDE Adeyemi Omotayo, ORIBAMISE Esther, OSHONAIKE Funke.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O ruru eru ịsọ mpi na Buenos Aires 2018 Youth Olympic Games qualifier na [[Tunisia]] site na ịkụ Alhodaby Marwa nke Egypt iji nweta ebe kachasị elu na asọmpi ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 February 2017|title=Third Youth Olympic Games qualifiers to begin April 16|url=https://m.guardian.ng/sport/third-youth-olympic-games-qualifiers-to-begin-april-16/|accessdate=14 April 2023|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ so na ndị otu Naijiria na Ajoke Ojomu na Alimot Ayinla nweta ihe nrite ọla atọ n'afọ 2015 Egypt Junior na Cadet Table Tennis Open na Cairo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/nigeria-sports-news/185056-table-tennis-nigeria-finishes-second-in-egypt-tournament.html?tztc=1|accessdate=14 April 2023|title=Table Tennis: Nigeria finishes second in Egypt tournament|work=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2018, ọ si n'ọkwa nke 728 gaa n'ọkwá 486 n'ụwa dịka International Table Tennis Federation si kwuo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adio|first=Segun|date=3 January 2018|title=ITTF ranking: Tosin Oribamise moves up|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/ittf-ranking-tosin-oribamise-moves-up/|accessdate=14 April 2023|work=The Sun Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ nọchitekwara anya Naịjirịa na Africa Junior Championships na [[Algeria]] n'afọ 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=24 November 2018|title=Oribamise: Ex-African champion who trains in deplorable conditions|url=https://punchng.com/oribamise-ex-african-champion-who-trains-in-deplorable-conditions/|accessdate=14 April 2023|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Esther OribamisenaOlympedia 
* Esther OribamisenaBirmingham 2022 Commonwealth Games
* Esther Tosin OribamisenaEgwuregwu Afrịka nke Accra 2023 (nke e debere) 
* Esther Tosin OribamisenaInstagram 
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    <title>Chioma Okafor (Onye egwuregwu bọọlụ)</title>
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'''Chioma Okafor''' OON {{Audio|Ig-Chioma Okafor.ogg|Listen}} (amụrụ na 20 n'ọnwa Maachị afọ 2003) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba ọsọ maka North Carolina Courage nke National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). A mụrụ ya na Malawi, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu egwuregwu mba Naijiria. Ọ gbara bọọlụ kọleji maka UConn Huskies, na-enweta nsọpụrụ All-American ugboro atọ.

== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Okafor na [[Malawi]] n'aka nna Naijiria na nne Malawi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-06-20|title=Meet Chioma Okafor: The Malawi-born star ready to fly Nigeria's colours at the WAFCON in Morocco - Soccernet NG|url=https://soccernet.ng/2025/06/chioma-okafor-malawi-nigerias-wafcon.html|accessdate=2025-08-10|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ kọleji ==
Okafor sonyeere Otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị na Mahadum Connecticut na 2022, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Berkshire School na Sheffield, Massachusetts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chioma Okafor - Women's Soccer|url=https://uconnhuskies.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/okafor-chioma/14127|accessdate=2025-08-10|work=University of Connecticut Athletics|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye ọkara ikpeazụ nke Hermann Trophy n'afọ 2024 wee kpọọ ya aha ya na ndị na-ekiri trophies a ma ama na Ọgọstụ afọ 2025 tupu oge agadi ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2025 Women’s Hermann Trophy Watch List Announced|url=https://unitedsoccercoaches.org/2025-womens-hermann-trophy-watch-list-announced/|work=UnitedSoccerCoaches.org|publisher=[[United Soccer Coaches]]|accessdate=14 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Na 10 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, North Carolina Courage kwupụtara na ha abanyela Okafor na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ site n'afọ 2028, yana nhọrọ klọb ịgbatị afọ ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nccourage.com/news/nc-courage-sign-nigerian-national-team-forward-chioma-okafor|title=NC Courage Sign Nigerian National Team Forward Chioma Okafor|date=2025-12-10|publisher=[[North Carolina Courage]]|accessdate=2025-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Okafor so n'òtù ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria nke meriri n'asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025 ma nye ya onye isi nsọpụrụ nke mba nke Order of the Niger (OON), otu narị puku dollar na ụlọ nwere ụlọ ihi ụra atọ na Renewed Hope Estate na Abuja . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Tinubu confers national honour, gifts $100k, houses to Super Falcons players|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/tinubu-confers-national-honour-gifts-100k-houses-to-super-falcons-players/|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tinubu honours triumphant Super Falcons with national honours, $100,000 cash each|url=https://punchng.com/tinubu-honours-triumphant-super-falcons-with-national-honours-100000-cash-each/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ na onyinye ==
'''Ndị na-agba ịnyịnya ígwè UConn'''

* Egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke Big East Conference: 2024

'''Naịjirịa'''

* Iko Mba Afrịka nke ụmụ nwanyị: 2024

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* Ndị otu nke atọ All-American: 2023, 2024, 2025
* Ndị otu mbụ All-Big East: 2023, 2024, 2025
* Ìgwè nke abụọ All-Big East: 2022
* Nnukwu asọmpi Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Offensive MVP: 2024
* Onye isi nke Order of the Niger[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]Usoro nke Niger

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{North Carolina Courage squad}}
[[Otú:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria n'agba bọọlụ]]
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    <title>Amirkhan Yeniki</title>
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'''Amirkhan Yeniki''' (Russian: Амирхан Нигметзянович Еники / Еникеев, lit. 'Amirkhan Nigmetzyanovich Yeniki / Yenikeev', Tatar: Әмирхан Нигъмәтҗан улы Еники / Еникиев, romanized: Əmirxan Niğmətcan ulı Yeniki / Yenikiev; Na Machị 2, 1909, Ufa Governorate – na Febụwarị 16, 2000, Kazan) bụ onye na-ede uri na onye edemede Tatar, otu n'ime &quot;aha dị mkpa nke akụkọ Tatar nke oge a&quot;, onye natara ihe nrite steeti akwụkwọ nke Tatarstan. Yeniki rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nsụgharị nke ndị edemede dịka Gogol, Ostrovski na Aitmatov.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Emirhan Yeniki’nin hikâyeciliği|url=https://acikerisim.bartin.edu.tr/handle/11772/2941}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Еники Амирхан|url=https://tatarica.org/ru/razdely/kultura/literatura/personalii/eniki-amirhan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* Ozın Palmer t 170 (Oзын көй тыңlaganda, 1926) 
* ''Bala'' (Ọkọlọ, 1941) 
* N'afọ 1942, a na-akpọ ya N'ihi na ọ bụ n'afọ 1942.
* N'afọ 1944, ọ bụ n'afọ 1944.
* ''Ber genə Səğətkə'' (Бер naanị narị, 1944) 
* Taw planes qarap (Ụgbọ mmiri Taurga, 1948) 
* ''Kem cır'' ila (Ụdị egwu, 1956) 
* Yalğlıqız (Ялғыҙлыҡ, 1957) 
* ''Ajụjụ ọnụ'' (Rәхмәт, иптәшләр, 1952) 
* N'afọ 1955, a na-akpọ ya Truck.
* ''Yörək sere'' (Йөрәк сере, 1957) 
* Reshé (Reshé, 1962) 
* Tönge tamçılar (Tunké тамсылар, 1964) 
* ''Əytelməgən wasıyət'' (Әйтелмәгән васыять, 1965) 
* ''Wöcdan'' (Вөҗдан, 1968) 
* ''Göləndəm tutaş xatirəse'' (Göləndamifọ туташ хатирәсе, 1977) 
* Xəterdəge töyennər (Khterpti төen n'ọhịa, 1983) 
* Dream Log (N'ihi na akwụkwọ, 1986) 
* ''Qoyaş bayır aldınnan'' (Koyash bayır aldinan, 1996) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Elvin Grey</title>
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'''Elvin Grey''' (Bashkir language&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;Bashkir: Элвин Грей) bụ aha egwu nke '''Radik Yulyakshin''' (Bashkur: Радик Юлъяҡшин, Russian: РадикЮльякшин), onye na-agụ egwu na onye na-emepụta ihe na Russia nke sitere na Bashkir.

A mụrụ Radik Yulyakshin na Ufa n'ime ezinụlọ ndị ọrụ ụlọ nke agbụrụ Bashkir. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Pedagogical nke Moscow State .

== Ọrụ ==
Na 2006, o wepụtara abọm mbụ ya. Kwa afọ n'etiti 2006 na 2012, a na-akpọ Yulyakshin onye na-abụ abụ nke afọ na Bashkortostan. N'afọ 2011, ọ kwagara Moscow. N'afọ 2016, a kpọrọ Yulyakshin Onye Ọdịbendị nke Afọ na Tatarstan. &lt;ref name=&quot;bashinform&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 2017, ọ natara aha Merited Artist of Bashkortostan. 

N'afọ 2017, a gụnyere aha Radik Yulyakshin n'akwụkwọ nkuzi asụsụ Bashkir. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=БУРАКАЕВА|first=Зухра|date=2017-05-15|title=Радик Юльякшин появился в башкирских учебниках|url=https://prufy.ru/news/prozhizn/zvezdy/47024-radik_yulyakshin_poyavilsya_v_bashkirskikh_uchebnikakh/|accessdate=2024-05-20|work=Prufy.ru {{!}} Новости|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2020, Onyeisi mba Bashkortostan, Radiy Khabirov, họpụtara onye na-abụ abụ dịka onye ndụmọdụ ya na mmepe omenala na amụma ndị ntorobịa.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-10-05|title=Певца Элвина Грея назначили советником главы Башкирии|url=https://ufa1.ru/text/culture/2020/10/05/69492743/|accessdate=2024-05-20|work=УФА1.ру - новости Уфы|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye ==

* 2006-2012 - &quot;Onye na-abụ abụ nke Afọ na Bashkortostan&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;bashinform&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Радик Юльякшин в Татарстане стал «Человеком года»|url=https://www.bashinform.ru/news/culture/2017-01-01/radik-yulyakshin-v-tatarstane-stal-chelovekom-goda-2217125|accessdate=2024-05-19|work=www.bashinform.ru|language=ru}}
[[Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2012 - Grand Prix &quot;Hit nke afọ na Bashkortostan&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;bashinform&quot; /&gt;
* 2013 - Finalist nke All - asọmpi Russia nke ndị na-eto eto na-eme ihe nkiri &quot;Abụ m onye na-ese ihe&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-10-11|title=В Москве подвели итоги конкурса «Я – Артист» {{!}} Musecube|url=https://musecube.org/newskub/v-moskve-podveli-itogi-konkursa-ya-a/|accessdate=2024-05-19|language=ru-RU}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2017 - Onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke Republic of Bashkortostan &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-30|title=В Уфе пройдут двухдневные гастроли Большого театра России|url=https://ufa.aif.ru/culture/theater/v-ufe-proydut-dvuhdnevnye-gastroli-bolshogo-teatra-rossii|accessdate=2024-05-30|work=AiF|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2024 - Onye na-ese ihe nke Republic of Bashkortostan &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Певцу Элвину Грею присвоили звание Народного артиста Республики Башкортостан|url=https://gtrk.tv/novosti/350647-pevcu-elvinu-greyu-prisvoili-zvanie-narodnogo-artista-respubliki-bashkortostan}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grey, Elvin}}

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[[Faịlụ:Portrait114.gif|thumb|Foto nke Jane Addams, site na eserese icheku ọkụ na 1892 nke Alice Kellogg Tyler. Ebe e si nweta ya: Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House (1910), p. 114]]
'''Laura Jane Addams''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jane Addams|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1931/addams/biographical/|work=The Nobel Prize|publisher=The Norwegian Nobel Institute|accessdate=September 10, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; (September 6, 1860 - May 21, 1935) bụ onye America na-eme ngagharị iwe, onye na-eme mgbanwe, onye ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Chambers|first=Clarke A.|date=March 1986|title=Women in the Creation of the Profession of Social Work|journal=[[Social Service Review]]|volume=60|issue=1|pages=1–33|doi=10.1086/644347}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Franklin|first=Donna L.|date=June 1986|title=Mary Richmond and Jane Addams: From Moral Certainty to Rational Inquiry in Social Work Practice|journal=[[Social Service Review]]|volume=60|issue=4|pages=504–525|doi=10.1086/644396}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na mmadụ,  onye nchịkwa ọha na eze,   onye ọkà ihe ọmụma,   na onye edemede. Ọ bụ onye ndu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ikike ụmụ nwanyị.  N'afọ 1889, Addams guzobere Hull House, otu n'ime ụlọ ndị a ma ama na America, na [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]], na-enye ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze dị ukwuu maka ndị ogbenye, ọtụtụ ezinụlọ ndị si mba ọzọ. N'ihe gbasara nkà ihe ọmụma, ọ bụ &quot;onye na-eme ihe n'ụzọ siri ike&quot;, a na-ekwu na ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ na-ahụ maka ọkà ihe ọmụma ọha na eze na United States. N'oge Progressive Era, mgbe ọbụna ndị isi ala dị ka Theodore Roosevelt na Woodrow Wilson gosipụtara onwe ha dị ka ndị na-eme mgbanwe ma nwee ike ile ha anya dị ka ndị ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, Addams bụ otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta mgbanwe a ma ama.  

Onye na-akwado Udo ụwa, ma bụrụ onye a ma ama dị ka onye guzobere ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na United States, na 1931 Addams ghọrọ nwanyị America mbụ e nyere onyinye Nobel Peace Prize; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Stuart|first=Paul H.|title=Encyclopedia of Social Work|chapter=Social Work Profession: History|publisher=Oxford University Press and the National Association of Social Workers Press|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.623|year=2013|isbn=978-0-19-997583-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya na Nicholas Murray Butler kerịtara mmeri ahụ.  Na mbido, e nyere Addams nzere Master of Arts na [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]] na 1910, na-aghọ nwanyị mbụ natara nzere nsọpụrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://yalealumnimagazine.org/articles/4881-women-of-honor|title=Women of honor|work=yalealumnimagazine.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1920, ọ bụ onye guzobere American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Celebrating Women's History Month: The Fight for Women's Rights and the American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU|work=American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia|url=http://acluva.org/11229/celebrating-womens-history-month-the-fight-for-womens-rights-and-the-aclu/|publisher=ACLU Virginia|date=March 28, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Addams nyeere America aka idozi ma lekwasị anya n'okwu ndị na-echegbu ndị nne, yana ọrụ ụlọ e kenyere ụmụ nwanyị, dị ka mkpa ụmụaka, ahụike ọha na eze, na udo ụwa. N'ime edemede ya &quot;Utilization of Women in City Government&quot;, Addams kwuru njikọ dị n'etiti ọrụ gọọmentị na ezinụlọ, na-ekwu na ọtụtụ ngalaba gọọmentị, dị ka ịdị ọcha na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụaka, nwere ike ịlaghachi azụ na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị ọdịnala na mpaghara onwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jane Addams on Women in Government|url=https://sageamericanhistory.net/progressive/docs/Addams.htm|accessdate=2023-11-03|work=sageamericanhistory.net.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1935, Addams bụ nwanyị a ma ama na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the City|author=Caves|first=R. W.|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|pages=8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
[[Faịlụ:Jane_Addams.jpg|thumb|Jane Addams dị ka nwa agbọghọ, onyinyo studio na-enweghị ụbọchị site na Cox, Chicago]]
[[Faịlụ:Jane_Addams_Birthplace.gif|thumb|Birthplace of Jane Addams in Cedarville, Illinois. ''Source'' Addams: ''Twenty Years at Hull House'' (1910), in the public domain.]]
A amụrụ ya na Cedarville, Illinois, &lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kathryn Cullen-DuPont|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIro7MtiFuYC&amp;pg=PA374|year=2000|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-4100-8|pages=4–5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jane Addams bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ asatọ a mụrụ n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya n'ebe ugwu Illinois nke sitere na ndị England na America nke laghachiri na Pennsylvania.  N'afọ 1863, mgbe Addams dị afọ abụọ, nne ya, Sarah Addams (née Weber), nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị ime nwa ya nke itoolu. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ụmụnne ya nwanyị tọrọ ya lekọtara Addams. Ka ọ na-erule mgbe Addams dị afọ asatọ, anọ n'ime ụmụnne ya anwụọla: atọ n'oge ọ bụ nwa ọhụrụ na otu mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii.  &lt;ref name=&quot;linn&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Linn|first=James Weber|title=Jane Addams:Biography|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2000|origyear=1935|location=Urbana|isbn=0-252-06904-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy|url=https://archive.org/details/citizenjaneaddam00knig|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2005|location=Chicago|pages=[https://archive.org/details/citizenjaneaddam00knig/page/n48 32]–33}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Addams nọrọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na-egwuri egwu n'èzí, na-agụ akwụkwọ n'ime ụlọ, ma na-aga Ụlọ akwụkwọ Sọnde. Mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, ọ butere ụkwara nta nke ọkpụkpụ azụ, nke a maara dị ka Ọrịa Potts, nke kpatara nkwonkwo azụ ya na nsogbu ahụike ogologo oge. Nke a mere ka o sie ike dị ka nwatakịrị iso ụmụaka ndị ọzọ rụọ ọrụ, na-atụle na ọ nwere nkwarụ ma ghara ịgba ọsọ nke ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jane Addams and Hull-House|url=http://www.teachspace.org/personal/research/addams/index.html|publisher=DeVry University|year=2001}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka nwatakịrị, o chere na ọ dị njọ ma mesịa cheta na ọ chọghị ime ihere nna ya, mgbe o yi uwe ya kachasị mma na Sọnde, site n'iso ya na-aga n'okporo ámá.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=36–37}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jane Addams hụrụ nna ya n'anya, John H. Addams, mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ka ọ na-akọ na ncheta ya, Afọ iri abụọ na Hull House (1910). [1] Ọ bụ onye guzobere Illinois Republican Party, jere ozi dị ka onye Senator Illinois State (1855–1870), ma kwado enyi ya Abraham Lincoln na mkpọsa ya maka Congress (1854) na Onye isi ala (1860). O debere akwụkwọ ozi sitere na Lincoln na tebụl ya, na Addams nwere mmasị ile ya anya mgbe ọ bụ nwata. [2] Nna ya bụ onye ọchụnta ego bara ọgaranya nwere nnukwu ubi, ehi na ugbo; otu ntụ ọka na igwe osisi; na igwe igwe owu. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke abụọ National Bank of Freeport, Illinois. Ọ lụrụ ọzọ na 1868 mgbe Addams dị afọ asatọ. Nwunye ya nke abụọ bụ Anna Hostler Haldeman, nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Freeport. [1]

N'oge ọ bụ nwata, Addams nwere nnukwu nrọ ime ihe bara uru n'ụwa. Dị ka onye na-agụ akwụkwọ nke ukwuu, ọ malitere inwe mmasị na ndị ogbenye site na ọgụgụ ya nke Charles Dickens. N'ịbụ onye ọrụ ya na obiọma nne ya nwere n'ebe ndị ogbenye nọ na Cedarville nọ kpaliri, Addams kpebiri ịghọ dọkịta ka o wee nwee ike ibi ma rụọ ọrụ n'etiti ndị ogbenye.

Nna Addams gbara ya ume ka ọ gaa agụmakwụkwọ ka elu mana ọ dị nso n'ụlọ. Ọ chọsiri ike ịga kọleji ọhụrụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, Smith College na Massachusetts, mana nna ya chọrọ ka ọ gaa Rockford Female Seminary (nke bụzi Mahadum Rockford), na Rockford, Illinois.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot; /&gt;

Ahụmahụ ya na Rockford na-egosi ya n'iji teknụzụ US eme ihe. Ɔ Film na gburugburu ụmụaka anọ. Ọ deziri akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, bụ onye ikpeazụ ọkà okwu, isiokwu na onye ndú nke klas nke 1881. Addams akwụkwọ na ndị ọzọ na-etinye aka na post-secondary agụmakwụkwọ ga-enwe ọhụrụ ike na ihe ịma aka. O were nke a na ndị na-enye achịcha (1880), okwu o kwuru mgbe ọ bụ nwata.[1] O kwuru na &quot;mgbanwe ahụ mere ... na ike nke ụmụaka gosipụtara.&quot; [2] Na usoro nke imetụta isi ha na ọrụ ha, ihe ọhụrụ na-eme.[3] &quot;Ọ bụghị ịbụ ma ọ bụ ịdị ka ụmụ nwoke&quot; mana ha kwuru &quot;otu ike iche echiche na ime onwe ya.&quot; Nwanyị ya na mgba na-enweta &quot;nkwado ọhụrụ na nhọrọ ya, LED na ngwaọrụ ya na-aga n'ihu.&quot; [2] [4]

Mgbe ọ nọ na Rockford, ọgụgụ ya nke Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, [[Leo Tolstoy]] na ndị ọzọ ghọrọ mmetụta dị mkpa. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Rockford na 1881,  na asambodo kọleji na onye otu na Phi Beta Kappa, ọ ka na-atụ anya ịga Smith iji nweta B.A. N'oge okpomọkụ ahụ, nna ya nwụrụ na mberede site na ọrịa appendicitis na mberede.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot; /&gt; Nwatakịrị ọ bụla ketara ihe dịka $ 50,000 (nke ya na $ 1.67  na 2016).

N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ahụ, Addams, nwanne ya nwanyị Alice, di Alice Harry, na nne nne ha, Anna Haldeman Addams, kwagara Philadelphia ka ndị ntorobịa atọ ahụ wee nwee ike ịchụso agụmakwụkwọ ahụike. Harry enwetala ọzụzụ na nkà mmụta ọgwụ ma gaa n'ihu na Mahadum Pennsylvania. Jane na Alice gụsịrị afọ mbụ ha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike na Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania,&lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot; /&gt; mana nsogbu ahụike Jane, ịwa ahụ n'ọkpụkpụ azụ &lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot; /&gt;na nkụchi akwara gbochiri ya ịmecha akara ugo mmụta ahụ. Obi gbawara ya maka ọdịda ya. Nne nne ya Anna na-arịa ọrịa, ya mere ezinụlọ ahụ dum kagburu atụmatụ ha ịnọ afọ abụọ wee laghachi Cedarville.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|year=2005|pages=[https://archive.org/details/citizenjaneaddam0000knig/page/77 77–79, 109, 119–120]|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-44699-9|url=https://archive.org/details/citizenjaneaddam0000knig/page/77}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwanne di ya Harry mere ịwa ahụ n'azụ ya, iji dozie ya. Mgbe ahụ, ọ dụrụ ya ọdụ ka ọ ghara ịga akwụkwọ kama, kama ọ ga-eme njem. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1883, ya na nne nne ya malitere njem afọ abụọ na Europe, na-eme njem ụfọdụ oge na ndị enyi na ndị ezinụlọ sonyeere ha. Addams kpebiri na ọ gaghị abụ dọkịta iji nwee ike inyere ndị ogbenye aka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=124–25, 130–31, 138–39}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ na June 1887, ya na nne nne ya biri na Cedarville ma soro ya nọrọ n'oge oyi na Baltimore. Addams, ka jupụtara na oké ọchịchọ, dara n'ịda mbà n'obi, na-ejighị n'aka ọdịnihu ya ma na-eche na ọ baghị uru na-eduzi ndụ nkịtị a na-atụ anya na nwa agbọghọ bara ọgaranya. O degaara enyi ya si Rockford Seminary, Ellen Gates Starr, akwụkwọ ozi ogologo, karịsịa banyere Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na akwụkwọ mana mgbe ụfọdụ banyere obi nkoropụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=139–142}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nwa nwanne ya nwoke bụ James Weber Linn (1876-1939) onye kụziri Bekee na Mahadum Chicago ma jee ozi na Illinois General Assembly. Linn dekwara akwụkwọ na akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ. 

Ka ọ dịgodị, Addams nwetara mkpali site n'ihe ọ gụrụ. Ndị Kraịst oge mbụ na akwụkwọ Tolstoy bụ My Religion masịrị ya, e mere ya baptizim dị ka Onye Kraịst na Cedarville Presbyterian Church n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1886.  N'ịgụ akwụkwọ Giuseppe Mazzini's Duties of Man, echiche nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya dị ka ụkpụrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya malitere ịkpali ya. Ma ọ nwere mgbagwoju anya banyere ọrụ ya dị ka nwanyị. Akwụkwọ John Stuart Mill's The Subjection of Women mere ka ọ jụọ nrụgide ọha na eze na nwanyị ịlụ di ma nyefee ndụ ya n'ezinụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=142–145, 147–48}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1887, Addams gụrụ na magazin banyere echiche ọhụrụ nke ịmalite ụlọ obibi. O kpebiri ileta nke mbụ n'ụwa, Toynbee Hall, na [[London]]. Ya na ọtụtụ ndị enyi, gụnyere Ellen Gates Starr, gara Europe site na Disemba 1887 ruo n'oge ọkọchị nke 1888. Mgbe ọ kiriri ọgụ ehi na Madrid, ihe ọ hụrụ dị ka omenala pụrụ iche masịrị ya, Addams katọrọ mmasị a na enweghị ike iwe ya maka ahụhụ nke ịnyịnya na ehi. Na mbụ, Addams agwaghị onye ọ bụla banyere nrọ ya ịmalite ụlọ obibi, mana, ọ na-enwe obi amamikpe maka ịghara ime ihe na nrọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=152–55, 157}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ikwere na ịkekọrịta nrọ ya nwere ike inyere ya aka ime ya, ọ gwara Ellen Gates Starr. Starr hụrụ echiche ahụ n'anya ma kweta isonyere Addams n'ịmalite ụlọ obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=162–65}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Addams na enyi ọzọ gara London na-enweghị Starr, onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=166, 175–76}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ileta Toynbee Hall, Addams nwere obi ụtọ. Ọ kọwara ya dị ka &quot;otu obodo nke ụmụ nwoke Mahadum bi n'ebe ahụ, nwere klọb ntụrụndụ ha na ọha mmadụ niile n'etiti ndị ogbenye, ma, n'otu ụdị ahụ ha ga-ebi n'etiti ha. Ọ bụ n'efu nke 'ị na-eme ihe ọma,' n'ụzọ na-enweghị mmetụta ma na-arụpụta ezigbo nsonaazụ na klas ya na ọbá akwụkwọ ya yiri ka ọ dị mma. &quot;Ọraụ Addams nke klas ndị na-agwakọta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ha, dịka ha nwere na ndị Kraịst mbụ yiri ka ọ bụ n'ụdị ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ obibi dị ka Addams chọpụtara bụ oghere ebe enwere ike ịme njikọ ọdịbendị a na-atụghị anya ya na ebe enwere ike ịgbasa ókèala dị warara nke ọdịbendị, klas, na agụmakwụkwọ. Ha ji okpukpu abụọ dị ka ebe nka obodo na ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Ha tọrọ ntọala maka ọha mmadụ America, oghere na-anọpụ iche ebe obodo dị iche iche na echiche dị iche iche nwere ike ịmụta ihe n'aka ibe ha ma chọọ otu ihe maka ọrụ ọnụ. Ọrụ ụlọ obibi ahụ bụ &quot;mgbalị na-adịghị agwụ agwụ iji mee ka ọdịbendị na 'okwu nke ihe' gbakọọ ọnụ. &quot; Mgbalị na'adịghị agwụ ike bụ akụkọ ndụ ya, ọgụ iji mee ka omenala nke ya dị ike site na ijikọ ya na ọdịiche na esemokwu nke obodo ndị mbịarambịa n'obodo America na mkpa nke mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bilton|first=Chris|title=Jane Addams Pragmatism and Cultural Policy|journal=International Journal of Cultural Policy|date=2006|volume=12|issue=2|pages=135–150&lt;!--|access-date=2014-04-16--&gt;|doi=10.1080/10286630600813644}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Hull_House_Entrance.gif|thumb|Ọnụ ụzọ mbata nke Hull House. Isi iyi Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House (1910), p.128]]
[[Faịlụ:Doorway_at_Hull_House.gif|thumb|Ọnụ ụzọ n'ụlọ ikpe Hull. ''Ebe e si nweta ya'' bụ Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House (1910), p.149]]
[[Faịlụ:Jane_Addams_in_a_car_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Jane Addams, 1915]]
N'afọ 1889  Addams na enyi ya na kọleji na onye ọ hụrụ n'anya Ellen Gates Starr &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Morrow|first=Deana F.|title=Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression in Social Work Practice: Working with Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender People|url=https://archive.org/details/sexualorientatio00phdd|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2005|location=New York|isbn=0-231-12728-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; jikọrọ aka guzobe Hull House, ụlọ obibi na Chicago. Charles Hull wuru nnukwu ụlọ ahụ mebiri emebi na 1856 ma chọọ nrụzi na mmelite. Addams na mbụ kwụrụ ụgwọ maka mmefu ego niile (ịrụzi elu ụlọ ahụ, imezigharị ọnụ ụlọ, ịzụta oche) na ọtụtụ n'ime ụgwọ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, onyinye sitere n'aka ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu kwadoro ụlọ ahụ malite n'afọ mbụ ya ma Addams nwere ike belata oke onyinye ya, ọ bụ ezie na mmefu ego kwa afọ toro ngwa ngwa. Ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị bara ọgaranya ghọrọ ndị na-enye onyinye ogologo oge na ụlọ ahụ, gụnyere Helen Culver, onye na-elekọta ala nwa nwanne nne ya Charles Hull, onye mechara kwe ka ndị na-inye onyinye jiri ụlọ ahụ mee ihe n'efu. Ndị ọzọ nyere aka bụ Louise DeKoven Bowen, Mary Rozet Smith, [[Mary Wilmarth]], na ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Victoria Bissell|title=Jane Addams|work=American National Biography online|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=February 2000|url=http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00004.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Knight|first=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=195–96, 219, 224–25, 335, 378}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Addams na Starr bụ mmadụ abụọ mbụ bi na akụrụngwa ahụ, nke ga-emecha nwee ihe dị ka anụmanụ 25. N'ime ụbọchị ya, [1] ihe dị ka mmadụ 2,000 na-eleta Hull House kwa izu. Ụlọ Hull bụ ebe izu ike, ịdị ọcha, itinye uche na ọgwụgwọ, yana ebe obibi na maka imemma obodo. Otu n'ime ndị kacha nwee mmetụta na Hull House bụ onye nwere foto, akwụkwọ akụkọ, na ndụ ọtụtụ ndị bi na ya.[2] Ndị bi na Hull House kere ebe obibi ezinụlọ, ụgbọ nwa, ike, ụkwara nta, typhoid, mkpofu ahịhịa, cocaine, na ọrụ. Ndị bi na Hull House bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma bụ ndị na-akwado ntọala ha na ndị ọrụ ọrụ, National Consumers League, na nhọpụta ntuli aka.[2] Dr. Harriett Alleyne Rice sonyeere Hull House iji nye ndị ogbenye ọrụ.[3] Ihe owuwu ya gụnyere ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ndị okenye, ụfọdụ maka ndị agadi, ụlọ nzukọ obodo, ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, ụlọ mgbatị ahụ, ụfọdụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ, ụlọ ịsa ahụ, ọbá akwụkwọ, ọbá akwụkwọ, ụlọ ihe nkiri, na ụlọ ihe nkiri. Usoro ide akwụkwọ ozi bụ ihe mmalite nke usoro na-aga n'ihu nke ọtụtụ mahadum na-enye taa. Na mgbakwunye na ịnye ohere mmekọrịta ọha na eze na omenala maka ọtụtụ ndị kwabatara bi na campus, Hull House nyere nhọrọ maka ndị ọrụ na-eto eto iji nweta ikike ha. N'ikpeazụ, Hull House nwere ụlọ obibi iri na atọ, ụlọ ihe nkiri, na ebe obibi okpomọkụ (nke a maara dị ka Bowen Country Club).

Otu akwụkwọ nke Hull House nke dị ezigbo mkpa nye Jane Addams bụ Art Program. Ihe omume nka na Hull House nyere Addams ọhọpụta ikike ike ihe aka, nke &quot;mmere&quot; onye ahụ maka ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọnọdụ a kapịrị ọnụ. Ọ ụlọ ka ụlọ ahụ nye eze, oge na ngwaọrụ iji gbaa ndị mmadụ ume iche echiche n'onwe ha. Ọ nka dị ka isi ihe iji ụdị obodo dị iche nke ahụ site na dị n'otu, onye onwe onye, ​​Flash na echiche. Ihe osise bụ ndị dị mkpa nke kaadị ya obodo, na-emebi echiche ndị a na-ejighị n'aka ma na- ndu na-ahụ dị iche iche nke ọha mmadụ nwere ike na-adabere na ya, dabere na idepụta site na na-adịghị.[1]

Site na ego sitere n'aka Edward Butler, Addams mepere ebe ngosi nka na oghere studio dị ka otu n'ime mgbakwunye mbụ na Hull House. Ala mbụ nke mgbakwunye ọhụrụ ahụ nwere ngalaba nke Chicago Public Library, ụlọ nke abụọ nwere ụlọ Butler Art Gallery, bụ nke gosipụtara nchịkọta ọrụ nkà a ma ama yana ọrụ ndị na-ese ihe n'ógbè ahụ. Oghere ihe nkiri dị n'ime ụlọ ngosi ahụ nyere ma ndị bi na Hull House na ndị obodo ebe ha ga-amụ ihe nka ma ọ bụ ịbata ma nụchaa ọrụ ha mgbe ọ bụla ha chọrọ. Ka Hull House tolitere, na mmekọrịta ya na ndị agbata obi ya na-abawanye, ohere ahụ ghọrọ obere ihe nkasi obi maka ndị ogbenye na ụzọ isi gosipụta na ịgbanwe omenala na obodo dị iche iche. Nkà na omenala na-aghọ akụkụ buru ibu na nke dị mkpa nke ndụ ndị kwabatara na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, n'oge na-adịghịkwa anya ụmụaka abanyela n'omume ahụ. Enyere ụmụaka ndị a nkuzi n'ụdị na ọkwa nka niile. Ebe dị ka Butler Art Gallery ma ọ bụ Bowen Country Club na-enwekarị klaasị ndị a, mana a na-akụzikarị klas ndị ọzọ n'èzí. Addams, site n'enyemaka nke Ellen Gates Starr, hiwere Chicago Public School Art Society (CPSAS) na nzaghachi dị mma na klaasị nka ụmụaka. CPSAS nyere ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha ihe osise nke ndị nka ama ama n'ụwa, goro ndị na-ese ihe ka ha kuziere ụmụaka ka e si emepụta nka, ma kpọga ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ gaa n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nka nke Chicago.[1]

=== Mpaghara dị nso n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ ===
[[Faịlụ:Polk_street_opposite_Hull_House.gif|thumb|Polk Street n'ihu Hull House. ''Ebe e si nweta ya'' bụ Addams: Afọ Iri Abụọ na Hull House (1910), p.95]]
[[Faịlụ:South_Halsted_Street_Opposite_Hull_House.gif|thumb|South Halsted Street n'ihu Hull House. Isi iyi Addams: Afọ iri abụọ na Hull House. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]]]
Mpaghara Hull House bụ ngwakọta nke agbụrụ Europe ndị kwagara Chicago na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20. Ngwakọta ahụ bụ ala ebe ndị na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndị ọrụ ebere nke Hull House nwalere echiche ha ma maa ụlọ ọrụ ahụ aka. Bethlehem-Howard Neighborhood Center dekọrọ ngwakọta agbụrụ ahụ: &quot;Ndị Germany na ndị Juu biri n'ebe ndịda nke etiti ahụ (n'ebe ndị ọzọ nke Twelfth Street)... Delta nke [[Greeks|Ndị Gris]] guzobere site na Harrison, Halsted Street, na Blue Island Streets jere ozi dị ka ihe mgbochi maka ndị Irish bi n'ebe ugwu na ndị French Canada bi n'akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ. &quot;  Ndị Ịtali bi n'ime etiti nke Hull House Neighborship ... site n'osimiri dị na nsọtụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, gaa na nsọtụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ihe a bịara mara dị ka Little Italy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.taylorstreetarchives.com|title=Stories from Chicago's Little Italy|publisher=Taylor Street Archives|accessdate=April 27, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228234400/http://taylorstreetarchives.com/|archivedate=December 28, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị Gris na ndị Juu, tinyere ihe fọdụrụ n'ìgwè ndị ọzọ si mba ọzọ kwabata, malitere ọpụpụ ha site na agbata obi na mmalite narị afọ nke 20. Naanị ndị Ịtali gara n'ihu dị ka obodo na-enweghị nsogbu ma na-aga nke ọma site na Great Depression, Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, na karịa &quot;ụkpụrụ omume ọma&quot; atọ kachasị mma maka ebe obibi ọha na eze: &quot;ịkụzi site na ihe atụ, imekọ ihe ọnụ, na ime ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ya bụ, ịha nhata, ma ọ bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo okwu, mmekọrịta ọha na eze gafee klas.  Ya mere, Hull House nyere usoro zuru oke nke ọrụ obodo, ọdịbendị, ntụrụndụ, na agụmakwụkwọ ma dọta ndị ọbịa na-adọrọ mmasị site n'akụkụ ụwa niile, gụnyere [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], onye mechara bụrụ nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Harvard. N'afọ 1890, [[Julia Lathrop]], [[Florence Kelley]], na ndị ọzọ bi n'ụlọ ahụ mere ka ọ bụrụ ebe ọrụ mgbanwe ọha na eze n'ụwa. Hull House jiri usoro kachasị ọhụrụ (ịsụ ụzọ na eserese ọnụ ọgụgụ) mụọ oke mmadụ, enweghị ọrụ, ịba na typhoid, cocaine, ịgụ ụmụaka, ndị nta akụkọ, ọnwụ nwa ọhụrụ, na ịmụ nwa. Malite na mgbalị iji melite agbata obi dị nso, otu Hull House tinyere aka na mkpọsa obodo na steeti niile maka ụlọ ka mma, mmelite na ọdịmma ọha na eze, iwu ụmụaka siri ike, na nchedo nke ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ. Addams wetara ndị ọbịa a ma ama site na gburugburu ụwa ma nwee njikọ chiri anya na ndị isi Chicago na ndị ọrụ ebere. N'afọ 1912, o nyere aka malite Progressive Party ọhụrụ ma kwado mkpọsa onye isi ala nke [[Theodore Roosevelt]].

&quot;Filosophy Adams jikọtara mmetụta ụmụ nwanyị na mkpebi siri ike maka imeziwanye mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya site na mgbalị imekọ ihe ọnụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ọmịiko na ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị, ndị na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na eze, na ndị na'udo, Addams jụrụ ka a kpọọ ya aha. Ọjụjụ a bụ nke bara uru karịa nke echiche. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;WWU&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/addams-jane/|title=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy website|chapter=Jane Addams|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|year=2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmetụta na ụmụaka ===
[[Faịlụ:In_the_Hull_House_Music_School.gif|thumb|Na Hull House Music School. ''Ebe e si nweta ya'' bụ Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House (1910), peeji nke 383]]
[[Faịlụ:Sick_Mother_&amp;_Children.gif|thumb|N'ụlọ obibi, Nne na-arịa ọrịa na Ụmụaka. ''Ebe e si nweta ya'' bụ Addams: Twenty Years at Hull House (1910), p. 164]]
Ụlọ Hull kwusiri ike mkpa ọ dị ịrụ ọrụ ụmụaka na Americanization nke ndị mbata ọhụrụ. Nkà ihe ọmụma a kwalitekwara egwuregwu na nyocha na mpaghara ntụrụndụ, ntorobịa, na ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Addams rụrụ ụka na Mmụọ nke Ntorobịa na okporo ụzọ Obodo (1909) na egwuregwu na ntụrụndụ dị mkpa n'ihi na obodo ahụ na-emebi mmụọ ntorobịa. Ụlọ Hull gosipụtara ọtụtụ mmemme na nka na ihe nkiri, klaasị ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara, klọb ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị, klaasị asụsụ, otu ịgụ akwụkwọ, mmemme ịgbatị kọleji, yana ebe ịsa ahụ ọha, ụlọ mgbatị ahụ, ụlọ nka, na ebe egwuregwu, niile dị n'ime gburugburu ebe enwere ike ikwu okwu. E mere ha nile iji kwalite nkwado onye kwuo uche ya, ịdị n'otu, na omume onye ọ bụla. O nyeere aka ịgafe koodu ụlọ mbụ na iwu ụlọ ọrụ mbụ.


Ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya sitere na Hull House, na 1901 Jane Addams tọrọ ntọala ihe ga-abụ Òtù Na-echebe Ụmụaka. JPA nyere ndị otu nchekwa ụmụaka mbụ na United States ruo oge ahụ. Site na 1907 ruo 1940, JPA na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ihe gbasara ikpe ziri ezi nke ụmụaka, na-ekpuchi isiokwu ndị dị ka mmegbu, ọrụ na mmegbu, iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, na mpụ na nsogbu nke Chicago. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, otu ahụ rụrụ ọrụ iji meziwanye ndụ ndị nwere nkwarụ na iji ụmụaka nwere nkwarụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ka ha wee nwee ike iru eru ha n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, n'obodo, na n'ógbè ha.[1]

=== Nchịkọta ọrịa ọha na eze ===
Addams na ndị ọrụ ibe ya dere akụkọ ọdịdị obodo nke ịba ahụ ma kọọ na ndị ọrụ dara ogbenye na-ebu ihe kachasị njọ nke ọrịa ahụ. Ọ chọpụtara nrụrụ aka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na anyaukwu azụmaahịa nke mere ka ndị ọchịchị obodo leghara ahụike, ịdị ọcha, na iwu ụlọ anya. N'ịgwakọta [[Ikpe ziri ezi na gburugburu ebe obibi]] na mgbanwe obodo, o mechara merie ndị isi ma kwalite nkesa ziri ezi nke ọrụ obodo na omume nyocha nke oge a. Addams kwuru banyere &quot;ike a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha nke ntụrụndụ ọha na eze iji mee ka klas nke obodo dị iche iche dị iche iche&quot;.  Addams sooro Chicago Board of Health rụọ ọrụ ma bụrụ osote onye isi oche mbụ nke Playground Association of America.

=== Mmetụta banyere ịgba akwụna ===
N'afọ 1912, Addams bipụtara A New Conscience and Ancient Evil, banyere ịgba akwụna. Akwụkwọ a bụ ihe a ma ama nke ukwuu. Addams kwenyere na ịgba akwụna bụ naanị n'ihi ịtọrọ mmadụ. Akwụkwọ ya mechara kpalie Stella Wynne Herron's 1916 short story Shoes, nke Lois Weber mere ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri na-emepe emepe nke 1916 nke otu aha ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://silentfilm.org/archive/shoes|title=Shoes|author=Byrne|first=Rob|work=San Francisco Silent Film Festival}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Addams na ndị ọrụ ibe ya bu n'obi na Hull House bụ ngwaọrụ nnyefe iji weta ụkpụrụ nke omenala dị elu gụrụ akwụkwọ na kọleji nye ndị mmadụ, gụnyere Efficiency Movement, nnukwu mmegharị na mba ndị na-emepụta ihe na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 nke chọrọ ịchọpụta na iwepụ ihe mkpofu na akụ na ụba na ọha mmadụ, yana ịzụlite ma tinye n'ọrụ omume kachasị mma. Otú ọ dị, ka oge na-aga, a gbanwere anya site n'iweta nka na ọdịbendị n'ógbè ahụ (dị ka e gosipụtara na iwu ụlọ Butler) iji meghachi omume na mkpa nke obodo site n'inye nlekọta ụmụaka, ohere agụmakwụkwọ, na nnukwu oghere nzukọ. Hull House ghọrọ ihe karịrị ebe nnwale maka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị gụrụ akwụkwọ na kọleji, ndị ọkachamara: ọ ghọkwara akụkụ nke obodo ebe a tọrọ ntọala ya, mmepe ya na-ekpughe akụkọ ihe mere eme.
[[Faịlụ:Smithsonian_-_NPG_-_Jane_Addams_and_Alva_Belmont_-_NPG.95.54.jpg|alt=A sketch of Jane Addams and Alva Belmont sitting side by side|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe osise 1912 nke Addams na Alva Vanderbilt Belmont, ndị otu National American Woman Suffrage Association. Addams bụ osote onye isi oche nke nzukọ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Buell|first=Janet W.|date=1990|title=Alva Belmont: From Socialite to Feminist|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24447643|journal=The Historian|volume=52|issue=2|pages=219–241|doi=10.1111/j.1540-6563.1990.tb00779.x|issn=0018-2370}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Addams kpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'etiti nwere oge ntụrụndụ na ume yana ndị ọrụ ebere bara ọgaranya, ka ha rụọ ọrụ obodo ha itinye aka n'ihe omume obodo dị ka okwu nke &quot;ịrụ ụlọ obodo&quot;. Addams si otú a gbasaa echiche nke ọrụ obodo iji tinye ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị karịa ịbụ nne (nke gụnyere ịzụlite ụmụaka). Ndụ ụmụ nwanyị na-agba gburugburu &quot;ibu ọrụ, nlekọta, na ibu ọrụ&quot;, nke na-anọchite anya isi iyi nke ike ụmụ nwanyị. Echiche a nyere ntọala maka ọrụ ime obodo ma ọ bụ nke obodo nke Addams kọwara ma nyewanye ike na mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị nke Addams kwadoro. Addams kwuru na a zụrụ ụmụ nwanyị, n'adịghị ka ụmụ nwoke, n'ihe ndị dị nro nke ọdịmma mmadụ ma chọọ iwulite ọrụ ọdịnala ha nke ide ụlọ iji bụrụ ndị na-elekọta ụlọ. Ọrụ idebe ụlọ ka ukwuu gụnyere mgbalị mgbanwe gbasara nsị na-egbu egbu, mmiri ara ehi na-adịghị ọcha (nke na-ebu ụkwara nta), ikuku na-ese anwụrụ ọkụ, na ọnọdụ ụlọ ọrụ na-adịghị mma. Addams duziri &quot;agha mkpofu&quot;; na 1894 ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara dị ka onye nyocha nke ịdị ọcha nke Chicago's 19th Ward. Site n'enyemaka nke Hull House Women's Club, n'ime otu afọ, a kọọrọ kansụl obodo ihe karịrị 1,000 mmebi iwu nke ngalaba ahụike na nchịkọta ihe mkpofu belatara ọnwụ na ọrịa.

Addams na onye ọrụ ebere John Dewey nwere ike ịrụ ụka ogologo oge na ha kọwapụtara ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya n'ihe gbasara pragmatism na localism, na-emesi ọrụ ike na oke ike.[1] Echiche nke abụọ nke na-eme ka Addams na mpaghara ya dị iche na ndị inyom nke oge a bụ mkpa ọ dị ịgbasa n'ime ndụ nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na obodo na nchọpụta nke usoro ochichi onye kwuo uche ya na omume nke na-ejedebe na ngwá ọrụ ngwá ọrụ, dị ka na mmemme Addams maka otu oge ọrụ na nke abụọ, oku ha na-akpọ maka ike ka e nye echiche nke ndị na-achị 2] oge otu na [.

Ọrụ Addams lekwasịrị anya na ụmụ nwanyị, mmekọahụ, ihe ngosi, na ịbụ nne. N'ime akụkọ ndụ ya abụọ, Afọ iri abụọ na Hull House (1910) na afọ iri abụọ na abụọ na Hull House (1930), ọrụ okike Addams kwekọrọ na echiche Progressive-Era ya. N'akwụkwọ ya A New Conscience and An Ancient Evil (1912), ọ na-akọwa ihe ụmụ mmadụ na nke ọha mmadụ na-esi na ịgba ohu, ịgba ohu, na ụdị nrigbu ndị ọzọ n'etiti ụmụaka na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ America site na 1890 ruo 1910. Addams' autobiography bụ ma nghọta ma na-enye ike, ọ bụkwa ihe akaebe na-egosi na ọ nwere ike ime ka ikike ya nwee ike. Ọ na-egosipụta onwe ya dị ka nwunye ma ọ bụ esi nri na-ejere ndị mkpọrọ Hull House ozi, dị ka a ga-asị na ha bụ ụmụ ya. N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị nne n'onwe ya, a na-ewere Addams dị ka &quot;nne nke mba&quot;, n'ihi ọdịdị nne ya n'anya ndị ya.[1].
[[Faịlụ:Jane_Addams,_1906.jpg|thumb|Jane Addams, 1906, nke George de Forest Brush (1855-1941), National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution]]
Addams nọgidere na-enwe usoro ihe omume ya dị arọ nke okwu ihu ọha gburugburu mba ahụ, ọkachasị na kọleji. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-enye ọmụmụ kọleji site na Ngalaba Mgbasawanye nke Mahadum Chicago.  Ọ jụrụ onyinye sitere na mahadum ka ọ bụrụ onye mmekọ ya, gụnyere onyinye sitere na Albion Small, onyeisi oche nke Ngalaba Sociology, nke ọnọdụ ngalaba gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Ọ jụrụ iji nọgide na-arụ ọrụ onwe ya n'èzí agụmakwụkwọ. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịkụziri ndị okenye na-edebanyeghị aha na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ, n'ihi ịda ogbenye na / ma ọ bụ enweghị asambodo. Ọzọkwa, ọ chọghị ka mahadum chịkwaa ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya.

A họpụtara Addams ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Chicago Board of Education . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=FitzPatrick|first=Lauren|title=Who is your Chicago public school named for?|url=https://graphics.suntimes.com/education/school-names/|work=Chicago Sun-Times|accessdate=19 March 2023|language=en|date=December 30, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Addams bụ onye otu iwu nke American Sociological Society, nke e guzobere na 1905. O nyere ya akwụkwọ na 1912, 1915, na 1919. Ọ bụ nwanyị a ma ama n'oge ndụ ya.

== Mmekọrịta ==
N'ozuzu, Addams nọ nso na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ ma dị ezigbo mma n'ịkpali ha itinye aka na klas dị iche iche na mmemme Hull House. Ka o sina dị, n'oge ndụ ya niile, Addams na ụmụ nwanyị ole na ole nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya, gụnyere Mary Rozet Smith na Ellen Starr. Mmekọrịta ya nyere ya oge na ume iji chụsoo ọrụ mmekọrịta ya mgbe a na-akwado ya n'ụzọ mmetụta uche na ịhụnanya. Site na mmekọrịta ịhụnanya ya na ụmụ nwanyị, a ga-akọwa ya dị ka nwanyị na-edina nwoke n'oge a, dịka ọtụtụ ndị isi na Women's International League for Peace and Freedom nke oge ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Faderman|first=Lilian|title=To Believe in Women: What Lesbians Have Done For America – A History|date=June 8, 2000|publisher=Mariner Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye mbụ ya na ya na-ahụ n'anya bụ Ellen Starr, onye ya na ya guzobere Hull House, onye ọ zutere mgbe ha abụọ bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na Rockford Female Seminary. N'afọ 1889, ha abụọ gara Toynbee Hall ọnụ wee malite ọrụ ụlọ obibi ha, zụta ụlọ na Chicago.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Faderman|first=Lilian|title=To Believe in Women: What Lesbians Have Done For America – A History|date=June 8, 2000|publisher=Mariner Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye mmekọ ịhụnanya nke abụọ ya bụ Mary Rozet Smith, onye bara ọgaranya ma kwado ọrụ Addams na Hull House, onye ya na ya nwekọrọ ụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|editor=Aldrich|chapter=Addams, Jane|author=Holmes|first=Sarah|title=Who's who in Gay and Lesbian History Volume 1: From Antiquity to the Mid-Twentieth Century|publisher=Routledge|date=2001|isbn=978-0-415-15982-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Lilian Faderman dere na Jane hụrụ onwe ya n'anya ma ọ kpọrọ Mary &quot;My Ever Dear&quot;, &quot;Darling&quot; na &quot;Dearest One&quot;, wee kwubie na ha nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya nke di na nwunye. Ha nọgidere na-emekọ ihe ọnụ ruo 1934, mgbe Mary nwụrụ n'ọrịa oyi bara ya n'ahụ, mgbe afọ 40 gachara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Faderman|first=Lilian|title=To Believe in Women: What Lesbians Have Done For America – A History|date=June 8, 2000|publisher=Mariner Books}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kwuru na, &quot;Mary Smith ghọrọ ma nọgide na-abụ ihe kachasị elu na nke doro anya na egwu nke bụ ndụ onwe Jane Addams&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Brown&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Brown|first=Victoria Bissell|title=The Education of Jane Addams|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2003|location=Philadelphia, PA|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=In0FyWy858gC&amp;q=jane+addams+lesbian&amp;pg=PP1|isbn=0-8122-3747-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha abụọ nwere ụlọ ezumike na Bar Harbor, Maine. Mgbe ha kewara, ha na-edegara ibe ha akwụkwọ ozi ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu ugboro n'ụbọchị - mgbe ụfọdụ ugboro abụọ. Addams ga-edegara Smith akwụkwọ ozi, &quot;M na-achọ gị n'ụzọ dị egwu ma bụrụkwa nke gị 'ruo ọnwụ'. &lt;ref name=&quot;Loerzel&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Loerzel|first=Robert|title=Friends—With Benefits?|work=Chicago Magazine|date=June 2008|url=http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/June-2008/Friends-With-Benefits/|accessdate=March 29, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na-egosikwa na ụmụ nwanyị ahụ lere onwe ha anya dị ka di na nwunye: &quot;E nwere ihe kpatara ya n'omume nke ndị lụrụ di na nwunye na-anọkọ ọnụ&quot;, Addams degaara Smith akwụkwọ.

== Okpukpe na ebumnuche okpukpe ==
Nkwenkwe okpukpe Addams sitere n'agụ akwụkwọ ya sara mbara na ahụmịhe ndụ ya. Ọ hụrụ ọrụ obibi ya dị ka akụkụ nke &quot;Social Christian&quot;. Addams mụtara banyere Iso Ụzọ Kraịst nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya site n'aka ndị guzobere Toynbee Hall, Samuel na Henrietta Barnett. Ndị Barnetts nwere mmasị dị ukwuu n'ịtọghata ndị ọzọ ka ha bụrụ Ndị Kraịst, mana ha kwenyere na Ndị Kraịst kwesịrị itinye aka n'ụwa ma, n'okwu otu n'ime ndị isi nke òtù ndị Kraịst na England, W. H. Fremantle, &quot;na-etinye mmekọrịta mmadụ na mmụọ nke ịhụnanya nke Kraịst&quot;.

According to Christie and Gauvreau (2001), while the Christian settlement houses sought to Christianize, Jane Addams &quot;had come to epitomize the force of secular humanism.&quot; Her image was, however, &quot;reinvented&quot; by the Christian churches.

Dị ka Joslin si kwuo (2004), &quot;Nkwado ọhụrụ, dị ka [Addams] na-akọwa ya sitere na nke ụwa, ọ bụghị nke okpukpe, ụkpụrụ nkwenye&quot;.

Dị ka Jane Addams Hull-House Museum si kwuo, &quot;Ụfọdụ ebe obibi ọha na eze nwere njikọ na ụlọ ọrụ okpukpe. Ndị ọzọ, dị ka Hull- House [nke Addams guzobere], bụ ndị ụwa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/_learn/_aboutjane/aboutjane.html|title=Jane Addams Hull-House Museum|accessdate=November 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hilda Satt Polacheck, onye bibu na Hull House, kwuru na Addams kwenyesiri ike na nnwere onwe okpukpe ma na-eweta ndị mmadụ nke okwukwe niile n'ime ọha na eze, nke ụwa nke Hull House. Otu ihe dị iche, ka ọ na-ekwu, bụ oriri Krismas kwa afọ, ọ bụ ezie na Addams hapụrụ akụkụ okpukpe na chọọchị ahụ.

Bible jere ozi Addams dị ka isi iyi nke mkpali maka ndụ ya nke ije ozi na akwụkwọ ntuziaka maka ịchụso ọkpụkpọ ya. Mmetụta a na-ekwusi ike n'ịgbaso ihe nlereanya Jizọs na ịkwalite nguzobe nke Alaeze Chineke n'ụwa pụtakwara ìhè n'ọrụ Addams na Social Gospel movement.

== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
[[Faịlụ:Jane_Addams_&amp;_Mary_Rozet_Smith,_1923.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Jane Addams [n'aka ekpe] &amp; Mary Rozet Smith, 1923 (Jane Addams Collection/Swarthmore College Peace Collection.) ]]
[[Faịlụ:Jane_Addams_and_Miss_Elizabeth_Burke_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|254x254px|Ndị nnọchiteanya na Women's Suffrage Legislature Jane Addams (n'aka ekpe) na Miss Elizabeth Burke nke Mahadum Chicago, 1911]]
N'afọ 1898, Addams sonyeere Anti-Imperialist League, na-emegide US annexation nke Philippines. Onye na-akwado Progressive Party, ọ họpụtara Theodore Roosevelt maka onye isi ala n'oge Nzukọ nke Party, nke e mere na Chicago n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1912.  Ọ debanyere aha na ikpo okwu, ọ bụ ezie na ọ chọrọ iwu Ụgbọ agha ndị ọzọ. Ọ gara n'ihu na-ekwu okwu ma na-eme mkpọsa maka mkpọsa onye isi ala nke afọ 1912 nke Roosevelt.

Na Jenụwarị 1915, ọ banyere na Women's Peace Party ma họpụta ya dịka onye isi oche mba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://spartacus-educational.com/USApeaceW.htm|title=Woman's Peace Party|publisher=Spartacus-Educational.com|accessdate=February 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727103823/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USApeaceW.htm|archivedate=July 27, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị inyom Europe na-ahụ maka udo kpọrọ Addams ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke International Congress of Women na The Hague, Eprel 28-30, 1915,&lt;ref name=&quot;Cullen-DuPont 2000&quot; /&gt; ma họrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi kọmitii iji chọta njedebe nke agha. Nke a gụnyere izute ndị isi iri na mba ndị na-anọpụ iche yana ndị nọ n'agha iji kwurịta banyere ogbugbo. Nke a bụ mgbalị mbụ dị ịrịba ama nke mba ụwa megide agha ahụ. Addams, tinyere ndị nnọchi anya [[Emily Greene Balch|Emily Balch]] na Alice Hamilton, dere ahụmahụ ha nke ọrụ a, bipụtara dị ka akwụkwọ, Women at The Hague (Mahadum Illinois). 
[[Faịlụ:Jane-Addams-by-Manuel-Rosenberg.jpg|thumb|Jane Addams bịanyere aka na eserese nke Manuel Rosenberg 1917]]
[[Faịlụ:International_Congress_of_Women1915_(22785230005).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|320x320px|International Congress of Women na 1915. aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri:1. [[Lucy Thoumaian]] - Armenia, 2. Leopoldine Kulka, 3. [[Laura Hughes (activist)|Laura Hughes]] - Canada, 4. Rosika Schwimmer - Hungary, 5. Anita Augspurg - Germany, 6. Jane Addams - USA, 7. Eugenie Hanner, 8. Aletta Jacobs - Netherlands, 9. Chrystal Macmillan - UK, 10. Rosa Genoni - Ịtali, 11. Anna Kleman - Sweden, 12. Thora Daugaard - Denmark, 13. Louise Keilhau - Norway]]
Na 1917, ọ ghọrọ onye so na Fellowship of Reconciliation USA (alaka America nke International Fellowship of Reconciliation, hiwere na 1919) wee jee ozi na Council Fellowship ruo 1933.[1] Mgbe US banyere agha na 1917, Addams katọrọ nke ukwuu. Abara ya ezigbo mba dị ka onye na-akwado udo. A na-agụ okwu ya na 1915 na pacifism na Carnegie Hall n'akwụkwọ akụkọ dị ka New York Times, nke mbụ ya dị ka onye mba.[2] [3] Dị ka e kwuru, n'oge njem ya, ọ na-eji oge na-ezute ọtụtụ ndị mba ụwa na ndị mba ma na-ekwughachi echiche Victorian ya na ọrụ ụmụ anụmanụ na-eme n'udo. Nkwado ọzọ bịara na ihe nrite nke Nrite Nobel Peace Prize to Addams na 1931; ya na Nicholas Murray Butler kesara ihe nrite ahụ. [4] Dị ka onye mbụ meriri nturu ugo US, a matara Addams maka &quot;nkwupụta ọchịchị onye kwuo uche America&quot;. O nyefere òkè ya nke ego nrite n'aka otu Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. [5][6]

=== Pacifism ===
Addams bụ onye isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ụlọ na nke mba ụwa, na-eje ozi dịka onye ndu na onye ndu echiche; Onye edemede Russia bụ Leo Tolstoy na pragmatism nke ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma John Dewey na George Herbert Mead metụtara ya.[1] Akwụkwọ ya, Newer Ideals of Peace and Peace and Bread in Time of War, na ọrụ udo ya nyere aka weta nghọta ọhụrụ banyere udo na agha.[2] Ọ hụrụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, ikpe ziri ezi na udo dị ka ihe na-agbakọ aka; ha niile ga-agbakọ aka iji nweta ihe ọ hụrụ. Addams abụrụla onye na-akwado ọgụ siri ike kemgbe 1899, dị ka ọ dị na ngagharị iwe ime ihe ike sochiri Agha Spen na America. Akwụkwọ ya Newer Ideals of Peace (1907) bụ òtù udo zuru ụwa ọnụ nke chọrọ itinye echiche nke ikpe ziri ezi. Ọ kpọrọ ndị inyom na-akwado ikpe ziri ezi dịka Alice Hamilton, Lillian Wald, Florence Kelley, na Emily Greene Balch ka ha sonyere ya na International Animal Welfare League mgbe 1914 Free Movement gasịrị. Ọrụ Addams rụpụtara mkpụrụ mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ gasịrị, mgbe nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi jikọtara udo na ikpe ziri ezi na ọnọdụ mmadụ na ọchịchọ nke agha.

N'afọ 1899 na 1907, ndị isi ụwa choro udo site n'ịkpọkọta nzukọ udo ọhụrụ na nke nwere mmetụta na The Hague. Nzukọ ndị a mepụtara Nzukọ Hague nke 1899 na 1907. A kagburu nzukọ nke afọ 1914 n'ihi Agha Ụwa nke Mbụ. Nzukọ na-abụghị nke gọọmentị nke ụmụ nwanyị na Hague kpọkọtara jupụtara na oghere ahụ. N'oge ahụ, ma US na Netherlands nọpụrụ iche. Jane Addams bụ onye isi oche nke International Congress of Women na Hague, nke gụnyere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị otu 1,200 sonyere site na mba 12 na-alụ agha na mba na-anọpụ iche. Ebumnuche ha bụ ịmepụta usoro iji kwụsị ime ihe ike nke agha. Ma usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba na nke mba ụwa ewepụghị olu ụmụ nwanyị. Ndị nnọchiteanya nwanyị ahụ kwuru na iwepụ ụmụ nwanyị na mkparịta ụka iwu na mkpebi gbasara agha na udo kpatara iwu na-ezighị ezi. Ndị nnọchiteanya ahụ nabatara usoro mkpebi na-edozi nsogbu ndị a ma kpọọ oku maka ịgbatị ikike na itinye ụmụ nwanyị n'ime usoro udo mba ụwa na njedebe agha. Mgbe nzukọ ahụ gasịrị, Addams na ndị nnọchi anya ndị omeiwu gara Europe niile na-ezute ndị isi, ìgwè ụmụ amaala, na ndị agha merụrụ ahụ site n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ. A kpọtụrụ idu ndú ya n'oge nnọkọ ahụ na njem ya gaa n'isi obodo nke mpaghara ndị agha mebiri emebi aha na nhọpụta maka Nobel Peace Prize.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1931|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1931/addams/nominations/|accessdate=2022-09-06|work=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Addams megidere itinye aka na Mgbasawanye nke US ma mesịa megide ndị na-achọ ọchịchị America na mba ofesi. N'afọ 1915, o kwuru okwu na Carnegie Hall ma boo ya n'èzí maka imegide itinye aka US n'Agha Ụwa Mbụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2003/5/21/new_york_times_reporter_chris_hedges|title=New York Times Reporter, Chris Hedges was Booed off the Stage and had his Microphone Cut Twice as he Delivered a Graduation Speech on War and Empire at Rockford College in Illinois|work=[[Democracy Now!]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Addams katọrọ agha dị ka ọdachi nke mebiri obiọma mmadụ, ịdị n'otu, na ọbụbụenyi obodo, ma mee ka ezinụlọ dị iche iche n'ụwa niile lụọ ọgụ. N'aka nke ya, ndị otu na akwụkwọ akụkọ na-ahụ mba n'anya katọrọ echiche ya n'''Oge'' Agha Ụwa Mbụ (1917-18). Oswald Garrison Villard bịara chebe ya mgbe ọ tụrụ aro ka ndị agha nye ndị agha mmanya na-aba n'anya obere oge tupu nnukwu mwakpo ala. &quot;Were ikpe Jane Addams maka otu. Site na mmegbu [New York] Times na-ekpuchi ya, otu n'ime ndị inyom anyị kachasị mma, n'ihi na ọ gwara eziokwu dị mfe na a na-enyekarị ndị agha Allied mmanya ma ọ bụ ọgwụ ọjọọ tupu ha agafee Ala Ọ dịghị Nwoke. Ma mgbe eziokwu ahụ pụtara n'aka Sir Philip Gibbs na ndị ọzọ, ọ dịghị otu okwu mgbaghara na-abịa. &quot;  Ọbụna mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ndị mmegide gosipụtara usoro udo na iwepụ ngwá agha dị ka ndị na ndị na ndị agha dị ka ihe siri ike, ndị Kọmunist, ndị na-enweghị mba. Ndị agha ochie na-eto eto na American Legion, nke ụfọdụ ndị otu Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) na League of Women Voters kwadoro, adịghị njikere ịlụso ndị agadi, ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ ka mma, ndị nwere ego na ndị ama ama nke WILPF ọgụ. Ka o sina dị, DAR nwere ike ma chụpụ Addams na ndị otu ha.  Mgbalị ndị Legion na-eme iji gosipụta ndị otu WILPF dị ka ụmụ nwanyị na-amaghị nke a na-akọ kpaliri ndị na-ege ntị na-arụ ọrụ, mana Onye isi ala Calvin Coolidge na ndị nọ n'etiti kwadoro Addams na mbọ WILPF ya na 1920s iji machibido gas na-egbu egbu na agha iwu. Otú ọ dị, mgbe 1920, a na-ewere ya dị ka nwanyị kachasị ukwuu nke Progressive Era. N'afọ 1931, onyinye Nobel Peace nye ya na Nicholas Murray Butler  mere ka ọ bụrụ otu onye otuto.
  
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Leopold Einstein</title>
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'''Leopold Einstein''' (amụrụ Leopold Löb, 1833, nwụrụ na 8 Septemba 1890 na Nuremberg) bụ onye nkuzi, onye na-ere ahịa na onye ode akwụkwọ Juu.  Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ kwadoro Esperant.

Ọ bụ onye isi oche mbụ nke &quot;Nürnberger Weltspracheverein&quot;, otu Volapük nzukọ nke e guzobere na 18 Febụwarị 1885, ma nọgide na-abụ onyeisi oche ruo mgbe ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ihi ọrịa na 22 Febụwarụ 1888. Ọ bụ onye nkwado siri ike nke Volapük, ma dee ihe dị ka edemede 200 n'asụsụ German banyere ya. N'afọ 1885, o bipụtara akwụkwọ edemede asụsụ German banyere mgbalị ịmepụta asụsụ ụwa site na Leibniz ruo ugbu a.
[[Faịlụ:LeopoldEinstein.jpg|thumb|Leopold  Einstein]]
Mgbe Einstein gụrụ Unua Libro nke [[L. L. Zamenhof]] na 1888, ọ ghọrọ onye Esperantist ma malite idegara Zamenhof akwụkwọ ozi. Ọ malitere ịrụsi ọrụ ike maka òtù Esperanto n'agbanyeghị mwakpo nke ndị ọrụ ibe ya Volapükist. Akwụkwọ nta ya nke asụsụ German ghọrọ ntọala maka Esperanto movement na Germany ọbụna mgbe a na-egbochi Esperanto na Russia maka ihe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'ihi mmetụta ya, Nürnberger Weltspracheverein ghọrọ Esperantist na 1888. Einstein dere ezigbo akwụkwọ nkuzi mbụ na Esperanto, ebe o gosipụtara nnọchiaha na adverbs nke asụsụ ahụ na tebụl. O webatara mgbanwe na ọtụtụ okwu mgbọrọgwụ nke asụsụ ahụ.

Mgbe Einstein nwụsịrị, Zamenhof dere na a ga-ede aha ya na mkpụrụedemede ọla edo n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Esperanto. Otú ọ dị, mgbe e mesịrị, n'oge mgbanwe Esperanto nke 1894, Zamenhof mere mkpesa na mgbanwe ahụ amalitela mgbe ndị otu Nuremberg nke Einstein &quot;hapụrụ Volapük ma ghọọ Esperantists, na ọnọdụ na a ga-eme mgbanwe dị mkpa (n'echiche ha) na Esperanto. &quot;

Na emume 100th nke ọnwụ Einstein, e kogidere ihe ncheta na Nuremberg nke na-echeta ụlọ ebe o bi.

== Akwụkwọ ==

* lingvo internacia als beste Lösung des internationalen Weltspracheproblems: Vorwort, Grammatik und Styl nebst Stammwörter-Verzeichniß nach dem Entwurf des Pseudonymen Dr. Esperanto / zum ersten Male methodisch geordnet und ausgearbeitet von Leopold Einstein. - Nürnberg: Verl. Buch- &amp; Kunsthandlung nke von J. A. Stein, 1888. - peeji nke 78.

== Edensibia ==
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'''Tessa Calders na Artís''' (amụrụ na 27 Disemba 1950) bụ onye ọkà mmụta ihe ochie nke Catalonia, ọkà mmụta asụsụ na ọkachamara na omenala Hibru. Ọ bụ prọfesọ na onye isi nke ngalaba Asụsụ Semitic na Mahadum Barcelona, na onye guzobere Institute of Jewish World Studies . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=La llibreria de Tessa Calders|url=https://www.nuvol.com/llibres/la-llibreria-de-tessa-calders-295349|accessdate=2025-10-02|work=Núvol|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Ọ bụ nwa nke atọ a mụrụ na Mexico City na Rosa Artís i Gener, nwunye nke abụọ nke onye edemede na onye na-ese ihe nkiri Catalan, Pere Calders na Rossinyol, onye hapụrụ Spain wee gaa mba ọzọ mgbe mmeri Fascist na Agha Obodo Spain gasịrị.Ha biri na Meksiko afọ iri abụọ na atọ.  Tessa sitere na ezinụlọ ndị edemede, nwanne nna ya bụ onye edemede Catalan Avel·lí Artís-Gner (nke pseudonym Tisner maara nke ọma) onye ya na ezinụlọ Tessa biri na Mexico n'agha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biografia {{!}} Associació d'Escriptors en Llengua Catalana|url=https://www.escriptors.cat/autors/caldersp/biografia|accessdate=2025-10-03|work=www.escriptors.cat|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọdịda nke onye ọchịchị aka ike nke Spain, Francisco Francoezinụlọ ahụ a chụgara ala ọzọ laghachiri n'ụlọ Spain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-10-15|title=Pere Calders, un analista de mirada lúcida|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/encatala/20191015/47978923489/pere-calders-diana-coromines-sobre-el-feixisme-lexili-i-la-censura.html|accessdate=2025-10-03|work=La Vanguardia|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 1973, Tessa gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Near Eastern Archaeology na Mahadum Barcelona, nke dị na mpaghara Catalonia nke ugwu Spain.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Onye na-akwalite Asụsụ Katalan, ọ nupụụrụ omenala n'oge ahụ nke ide akwụkwọ edemede ya na Spanish (asụsụ gọọmentị nke Mahadum Barcelona). N'ịmara na ngalaba Mahadum ahụ ga-enweghị nkwenye, gụnyere ndị nlekọta thesis ya, o dere thesis ya na Catalan ma bipụta ya ma kee ya tupu e nyefee ya na kọmitii nchekwa, nke mere ka kọmitii ahụ ghara ịdị mma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; N'ihi na edechara akwụkwọ ahụ, kọmitii ahụ nwere afọ ojuju na ịwakpo akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ọrụ ahụ ọ bụghị asụsụ e ji dee ya. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ gafere ule ahụ, nweta nzere bachelọ ya wee gaa n'ihu nweta nzere doctorate ya na omenala Hibru, mechaa bụrụ prọfesọ zuru oke na onye nduzi nke Ngalaba Semitic Philology na Mahadum Barcelona. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

O guzobekwara Institute of Jewish World Studies na Barcelona ma bụrụ onye isi oche ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-06|title=El català a la Universitat {{!}} Tessa Calders i Artís|url=https://www.frontissa.cat/opinio/48520/el-catala-a-la-universitat|accessdate=2025-10-02|work=Frontissa|language=Catalan}}
[[Category:CS1 Catalan-language sources (ca)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-10-29|title=Barcelona redescubre su historia más oculta en el Call|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/cultura/20111030/54236611176/barcelona-redescubre-su-historia-mas-oculta-en-el-call.html|accessdate=2025-10-02|work=La Vanguardia|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule June 2025, ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Institut Privat d'Estudis Món Juïc|url=https://xeu.cat/institut-privat-destudis-mon-juic/|accessdate=2025-10-03|work=XEU|language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ ==

* 2002: ''Prince na Monk.'' &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 8486329213&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* 2023: Arendt zoro ezo nke ndị Juu. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2958484963&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Artís, Tessa Calders na Esperança Valls na Pujol. &quot;L'Institut d'Estudis Món Juïc.&quot; (2016).

== Edensibia ==
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[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Liam Óg Ó hAnnaidh''' (English: '''Liam O'Hanna'''; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kreps|first=Daniel|title=Kneecap Member Charged With Terror Offense for Displaying Hezbollah Flag at Concert|work=Rolling Stone|date=22 May 2025|accessdate=28 September 2025|url=https://au.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/kneecap-member-charged-terror-offense-hezbollah-flag-at-77127}}&lt;/ref&gt; amụrụ na 16 Ọktoba 1997), nke a maara nke ọma site na aha egwu ya bụ '''Mo Chara''' (&quot;Menyi m&quot; na Irish), bụ onye Irish rapper, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, na onye na-arụ ọrụ na Belfast, Northern Ireland. Ọ bụ onye guzobere ndị otu hip hop atọ Kneecap, nke na-eti egwu na Irish na Bekee ma mara ya maka okwu ya na-akpali akpali,onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na nkwado maka asụsụ Irish&lt;ref name=&quot;criticsnotebook&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Acting the Maggot – Critic's Notebook|url=https://www.criticsnotebook.com/2024/02/kneecap-movie-review-liam-%C3%B3g-%C3%B3-hannaidh-naois-%C3%B3-caireall%C3%A1in-jj-%C3%B3-dochartaigh-michael-fassbender-rich-peppiatt-sundance-f.html|author=Manvel|first=Sarah|work=Critics Notebook|date=1 February 2024|accessdate=22 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Kneecap ===
Mo Chara so guzobe Kneecap na 2017 ya na Naoise Ó Cairealláin (Móglaí Bap) na JJ Ó Dochartaigh (DJ Próvaí). Ndị otu ahụ nwetara aha ọjọọ n'oge na-adịghị anya maka arụmọrụ ha siri ike, okwu satirical na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na nnabata na-enweghị mgbaghara nke Irish republican na ndị ọrụ Belfast youth culture. E wepụtara egwu izizi ha &quot;C.E.A.R.T.A&quot;. na 2017, nke abọm ''3CAG'' (2018) na Fine Art (2024) sochiri, ha abụọ nwetara otuto dị egwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=6 June 2024|title=Kneecap movie trailer released ahead of UK premiere in London|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/film-tv/kneecap-movie-trailer-released-ahead-of-uk-premiere-in-london/a1231706384.html|accessdate=18 June 2024|work=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Egwú Kneecap na-ekwu maka isiokwu ndị dị ka ikike asụsụ Irish, mmegide ọchịchị, klas, na ihe nketa nke Nsogbu, na-ejikarị ọchị na irony. Otu a kwupụtakwara n'ihu ọha na nkwado nke mba Palestine, ma nọrọkwa n'etiti arụmụka ọha na eze gbasara nnwere onwe ikwu okwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Ireland na UK.

=== Ime ihe nkiri ===
Mo Chara gosipụtara dị ka akụkọ ifo nke onwe ya na ihe nkiri Kneecap (2024), ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị nke Rich Peppiatt duziri nke na-egosi ịrị elu nke otu ahụ na ọdịbendị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Belfast nke oge a. Ihe nkiri ahụ, nke gosipụtara  Michael Fassbender ,meriri ọtụtụ onyinye ma too ya maka izi ezi ya, ọchị, na nkọwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ide|first=Wendy|date=24 August 2024|title=Kneecap review – fictionalised origin story is one of the funniest films of the year|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/article/2024/aug/24/kneecap-review-one-of-the-funniest-films-of-the-year-rich-peppiatt-michael-fassbender-belfast|accessdate=30 May 2025|work=the Guardian|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
A maara Mo Chara na Kneecap maka mkpali ha na-akwado asụsụ Irish na Irish Republicanism,  yana nkatọ ha na-akatọ iwu gọọmentị Britain na Northern Ireland.

A makwaara ya maka nkwado ya maka ndị Palestine. O kwuru okwu megide ihe a na-ekwu na United Kingdom na-akwado na  Mgbukpo agburu nke ndi Palestine na Gaza Strip&lt;ref name=&quot;TheGuardian-Ó hAnnaidh&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=29 April 2025|title=Kneecap apologise to families of murdered MPs over 'dead Tory' comments|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2025/apr/29/kneecap-apologise-to-families-of-murdered-mps-over-dead-tory-comments|work=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Okwu Iwu ==
E boro Mo Chara ebubo na UK na Mee 2025 maka mmebi iwu metụtara iyi ọha egwu n'okpuru Iwu iyi ọha egwu nke 2006 maka ebubo na ọ na-efegharị ọkọlọtọ Hezbollah na kọntaktị na London na Nọvemba 2024. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Member of Irish rap band Kneecap charged with 'terrorism' offence|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/21/member-of-irish-rap-band-kneecap-charged-with-terrorism-offence|work=Al Jazeera|date=21 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=21 May 2025|title=UK police charge Kneecap's 'Mo Chara' with terrorism offence|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2025/0521/1514213-kneecap/|work=RTÉ}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=21 May 2025|title=Kneecap member charged with terror offence|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cx2qq2n3800o|accessdate=21 May 2025|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gọnahụrụ ebubo ahụ, na-ekwu na a tụbara ọkọlọtọ ahụ n'elu ikpo okwu, nakwa na ọ naghị akwado Hezbollah.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Member of Irish rap group Kneecap seeks to throw out terrorism charge|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-irish-rap-group-kneecap-uk-terrorism-charge/|work=The Globe and Mail|date=20 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CNN20082025&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Hundreds of protesters turn up to support Irish rapper as he appears in court on terror charge|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/08/20/uk/irish-rapper-terrorism-charges-intl-gbr|work=CNN|date=20 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo Chara na otu ahụ kwuru na ha &quot;anaghị, ma ọ dịtụbeghị, kwado Hamas ma ọ bụ Hezbollah&quot;, katọrọ mwakpo niile a na-awakpo ndị nkịtị, a &quot;kpachapụrụ anya wepụ ihe nkiri niile&quot; dịka akụkụ nke &quot;mgbasa mgbasa ozi mkparị&quot; maka nkatọ ha na-akatọ &quot;mgbukpọ agbụrụ na-aga n'ihu megide ndị Palestine&quot;.

Mmebi iwu ahụ na-ebu ihe ruru ọnwa isii n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ma ọ bụ ịkwụ ụgwọ na onye ọka ikpe distrikti, ọ bụghị ndị ọka ikpe, ga-ekpebi ikpe ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Duffy|first=Rónán|title=Kneecap: What's the terror charge 'Mo Chara' is facing, what's the defence and the sentence?|url=https://www.thejournal.ie/kneecap-legal-explainer-6711443-May2025/|work=TheJournal.ie|date=22 May 2025|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ pụtara n'ụlọ ikpe ndị majie Westminster na 18 June 2025, a tọhapụrụ ya na mgbapụta na-enweghị atụ, ga-alaghachi maka ikpe ọzọ na 20 August 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bonner|first=Kelly|title=Kneecap rapper released on unconditional bail over terror charge|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy4k4xnlj8qo|work=[[BBC]]|accessdate=21 June 2025|date=18 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ikpe ahụ gasịrị, Praịm Minista UK Keir Starmer gwara The Sun na ọ tụleghị atụmatụ Kneecap na Glastonbury Festival na 28 June ka ọ dị mma, na-ekwu maka ịdị njọ nke ebubo ahụ na usoro ikpe na-aga n'ihu. Ndị otu ahụ zaghachiri &quot;Ị maara ihe 'na-ekwesịghị ekwesị' Keir? Ịkwadebe mgbukpọ agbụrụ. Fuck The Sun and solidarity with Palestine Action&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nugent|first=Annabel|date=22 June 2025|title=Keir Starmer says Kneecap Glastonbury performance is not 'appropriate'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/keir-starmer-kneecap-glastonbury-b2774614.html|accessdate=22 June 2025|work=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Spindler|first=Emily|title=Kneecap to Kier Starmer After Glastonbury Backlash: &quot;You Know What's 'Not Appropriate' Keir? Arming a Fucking Genocide&quot;|url=https://bluntmag.com.au/music/kneecap-to-kier-starmer-after-glastonbury-backlash-you-know-whats-not-appropriate-arming-a-fucking-genocide/|work=Blunt Magazine|accessdate=23 June 2025|language=en-AU|date=23 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ ikpe n'ụbọchị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2025, ebe ndị na-agbachitere ya kwuru na ebubo ahụ e wetara n'azụ oge, ebe a na-ebo ya ebubo n'ụbọchị abụọ na abụọ n'ime ọnwa ise n'afọ 2025 otu ụbọchị mgbe ọnwa isii gachara. Ndị na-ebo ebubo kwuru na ebubo ahụ mere na 21 Mee, n'ime oge a kara aka.&lt;ref name=&quot;aj2508&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Member of Irish rap band Kneecap appears at UK court on 'terrorism' charge|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/20/irish-kneecap-rapper-faces-court-on-terror-charge-over-hezbollah-flag|work=Al Jazeera|accessdate=20 August 2025|date=20 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rịọrọ ma nye ya onye ntụgharị Irish, n'agbanyeghị ikike ya ikwu Bekee nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;jackson&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jackson|first=Lucy|date=20 August 2025|title=Kneecap's Mo Chara has Irish translator at court hearing|url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/25405168.kneecaps-mo-chara-irish-translator-court-hearing/}}&lt;/ref&gt; E yigharịrị ikpe ahụ, na mkpebi a haziri maka 26 Septemba 2025.Mgbe ahụ, ọ kelere ndị na-akwado ha gbakọtara n'èzí iji kelee ha, wee sị n'asụsụ Bekee, &quot;Mgbe anyị nọ ebe a, mgbukpọ agbụrụ na-ewere ọnọdụ na Palestine.&lt;ref name=&quot;sawer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sawer|first=Patrick|date=20 August 2025|title=Kneecap rapper gets Irish translator at terror hearing despite speaking English|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/08/20/english-speaking-kneecap-rapper-gets-irish-translator/|accessdate=25 August 2025|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chief Magistrate Paul Goldspring kpebiri na 26 Septemba 2025 na ụlọ ikpe enweghị ikike ikpe ikpe ikpe ahụ. O kwupụtara na ọ bụ &quot;iwu na-akwadoghị&quot; na &quot;enweghị isi&quot; n'ihi na Crown Prosecution Service ejirila otu ụbọchị gachara iji nweta nkwado achọrọ site n'aka Director of Public Prosecutions na Attorney General maka England na Wales. Minista mbụ nke Northern Ireland Michelle O'Neill kwadoro mkpebi ahụ, na-akọwa ebubo ahụ dị ka &quot;mgbalị imechi nkịtị&quot; nke òtù ahụ na-ekwu okwu megide &quot;mgbukpọ agbụrụ na Gaza&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-09-26|title=Kneecap rapper Mo Chara's terror case thrown out|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce846r2drg8o|accessdate=2025-09-26|work=www.bbc.com|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;nyt2509&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Marshall|first=Alex|date=September 26, 2025|title=Kneecap Rapper’s Terrorism Charge Is Dismissed by U.K. Court|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/26/arts/music/kneecap-terrorism-charge.html|accessdate=September 28, 2025|work=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị na-ebo ebubo rịọrọ ka a chụpụ ya n'ụlọ ikpe dị elu, nke jụrụ arịrịọ ahụ na Machị 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=UK government loses appeal over quashed Kneecap terror charge|work=BBC News|date=11 March 2026|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c5yjdpy7vvro|first=Jessica|author=Lawrence}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Mo Chara tolitere na West Belfast, mpaghara nwere mmeghachi omume siri ike nke asụsụ Irish na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ na-asụ asụsụ Irish na Bekee nke ọma ma a na-ewere ya dị ka onye ama ama n'egwú asụsụ Irish nke oge a.

== Nkọwapụta ==

== Ihe nkiri ==

* Kneecap (2024) - dị ka onwe ya

== Ihe nrite ==

* Irish Film and Television Academy (IFTA) Award for Best Director (Kneecap, 2024; ya na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị ọrụ ya kerịtara) &lt;ref name=&quot;irishexaminer&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Kneecap: Terror charge is 'carnival of distraction' and 'political policing'|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-41636953.html|first=Casey|author=Cooper-Fiske|work=Irish Examiner|date=22 May 2025|accessdate=22 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* BAFTA Award maka Kneecap (2024; dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri) 

== Hụkwa ==

* Irish hip hop

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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    <title>Yogi Naraharinath</title>
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'''Yogi NarahariNath''' (amụrụ: Balbir Singh Hriksen Thapa, 1915-2003 OA) bụ ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Nepali, onye edemede na onye na-eso ụzọ ọdịnala Nath nke Gorakhnath  . &lt;ref name=&quot;therisingnepal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://therisingnepal.org.np/news/1968|publisher=therisingnepal.org.np|title=The Rising Nepal: Yogi Naraharinath And Swami Prapannacharya Makers Of History : Prem Khatry|accessdate=2017-06-11|archivedate=2017-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717040430/http://therisingnepal.org.np/news/1968}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Balbir Singh Hriksen Thapa na 28 Febụwarị 1915 (Bikram Samvat: 17th Falgun 1971) na Kalikot District (nke dị ugbu a na Karnali Province) nna Lalit Singh Hrikson Thapa na nne Gauri Devi dị ka nwa ha nke abụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=नेपालको इतिहास खोज्ने योगी|url=https://annapurnapost.prixa.net/news/73390/|accessdate=2023-07-16|work=[[Annapurna Post]]|language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye ezinụlọ Khas nke Hriksen Thapa Chhetri onye dabara na Bhardwaj Gotra nke okpukpe Hindu.&lt;ref name=&quot;prasashan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.prasashan.com/2016/12/05/7194/|publisher=prasashan.com|title=प्रशासन - गोरक्षअंशावतार महापुरुषः योगी नरहरिनाथ|accessdate=2017-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Naraharinath mere Ememe Upanayana ya mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ.O mechara were ''Sannyasa'' (ndụ nke ịhapụ) na Chandannath Temple, Jumla District, ebe guru ya kpọrọ ya Yogi Naraharinath. 

Mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu, e debara aha ya na Vatukbhairavanath Siddha Chandannath Bhasha Pathshala na Jumla, ma mesịa kwaga India mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ ma mụta Asụsụ Sanskrit.O mechara bụrụ onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ama ama na onye senti nke ọdịnala Gorakhnath wee biri na Mrigasthali, Kathmandu n'akụkụ ụlọ nsọ Pashupatinath.

== Ọrụ ide ihe ==
O  deela akwụkwọ karịrị narị ise na iri asaa nke e bipụtara 114 n'ime ha.  Ọrụ ya gụnyere nnakọta na decryption nke akwụkwọ Khas (asụsụ Nepali oge ochie) na Nepali a na-agụ nke na-agụnyekarị usoro ọmụmụ. Dị ka Devmala Bansawali si kwuo, o wepụtara ụfọdụ nkwupụta banyere Eze Victoria Vikramaditya.&lt;ref name=&quot;reviewnepal&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://reviewnepal.com/articles/bikram-sambat-2077-in-nepal-a-retrospect.html|publisher=reviewnepal.com|title=Bikram Sambat-2073 in Nepal: A Retrospect- Review Nepal News|accessdate=2017-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nyekwara onyinye na Mahadum Sanskrit nke Nepal na Dang. A tụrụ ya mkpọrọ maka echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na mba Hindu siri ike ma na-akpọ ndị eze na-achị n'oge ahụ dị ka ndị na-adịghị ike.O zigakwara praịm minista India Atal Behari Vajpayee akwụkwọ ozi n'Asụsụ Sanskrit na-arịọ ka ekwupụta India dị ka mba Hindu.O kwekwaara nnwere onwe okpukpe ma megide enweghị ikike nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Hindu na Pashupatinath Temple. Ọ kpọrọ onye nwe ụlọ nsọ ahụ ka ọ bụ otu okpukpe niile. Swami Karpatri kpọkwara ya Walking Pashupatinath . &lt;ref name=&quot;annapurnapost&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://annapurnapost.com/news/70413|publisher=annapurnapost.com|title=योगी नरहरिनाथको योगीत्व|accessdate=2017-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnwụ ==
Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 88 na 13th Falgun, 2059 B.S. na Gorakhnath premise nke Mrigasthali, Kathmandu.

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/161968-Yogi_Narahari_Nath-History-Nepal Stamp ncheta e wepụtara na Yogi Naraharinath]
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'''Marianne Andersson''' (amụrụ na 26 Mee 1942) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụnụba nke Sweden Centre Party.

A mụrụ ya na Vårgårda site n'aka onye ọrụ ugbo bụ Erik Andersson na Thea Andersson, ọ lụrụ Ivan Andersson na 1963. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ dịka ọkachamara akụnụba na Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law na 1981.&lt;ref name=vemarhon&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Andersson, Marianne
|url=https://runeberg.org/vemarhon/0034.html
|encyclopedia=Vem är hon
|language=sv
|year=1988
|access-date=12 August 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  O jere ozi dị ka onye otu Riksdag site na 1985 ruo 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;riksdag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Marianne Andersson (C)|publisher=Sveriges Riksdag|url=https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/ledamoter-partier/ledamot/marianne-andersson_0754692641206|language=sv|accessdate=12 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ Right Livelihood Award site na 2004. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Board|url=http://www.rightlivelihood.org/board.html|work=rightlivelihood.org|archivedate=12 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512072907/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/board.html|accessdate=12 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Charlotte Petri Gornitzka''' bụ onye ndụmọdụ nchịkwa na onye nchịkwa ọha na eze nke na-eje ozi dị ka Gọvanọ nke Gotland County kemgbe 2024 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Regeringskansliet|first=Regeringen och|date=2024-06-28|title=Charlotte Petri Gornitzka ny landshövding i Gotlands län|url=https://www.regeringen.se/pressmeddelanden/2024/06/charlotte-petri-gornitzka-ny-landshovding-i-gotlands-lan/|accessdate=2025-05-15|work=Regeringskansliet|language=sv}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma jee ozi dị ka osote odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations na dị ka osota onye isi nchịkwa nke United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) site na 2018 ruo 2023 .  Ọ bụbu onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Enyemaka Mmepe (DAC) nke OECD site na 2016 ruo 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/newsroom/sweden-s-charlotte-petri-gornitzka-appointed-new-dac-chair.htm|title=Sweden's Charlotte Petri Gornitzka appointed new DAC Chair - OECD|work=www.oecd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Petri Gornitzka nwere ahụmịhe na ndụmọdụ ndị njikwa, na-elekwasị anya na njikwa mgbanwe na nkwukọrịta. O nwere nzere masta na Stockholm University College of Music Education (SMI) yana nzere na ọmụmụ azụmaahịa na ahịa na IHM Business School. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Site na 1998-2002, Petri Gornitzka jere ozi dị ka Under Secretary-General na Director of Communications maka Swedish Red Cross.

Petri Gornitzka mechara jee ozi dịka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Save the Children International (2008–2010) na London na odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Save the Children Sweden (2003–2008). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/charlotte-petri-gornitzka-ny-vikarierande-generaldirektor-for-sida/|title=Charlotte Petri Gornitzka ny vikarierande generaldirektör för Sida - DN.SE|work=Dagens Nyheter|date=27 May 2010|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Petri Gornitzka sonyeere ọrụ ọha na eze na Sweden ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka Onyeisi-isi nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Mmekọrịta Mmepe Mba Nile nke Sweden (SIDA) n'etiti 2010 na 2016. N'oge ahụ, ọ ghọrọ onye malitere &quot;Swedish Leadership for Sustainable Development&quot;, otu netwọk nke ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ iri abụọ na-eduga na Sweden, òtù ọkachamara atọ na SIDA, na-arụ ọrụ maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na ebumnuche nke ibelata ịda ogbenye.

Na 2016, Petri Gornitzka weghaara Erik Solheim dị ka onyeisi oche nke DAC. Obodo ahụ nke họpụtara onyeisi oche maka Kọmitii ahụ kwetakwara ịkwụ ụgwọ maka ọkwa ahụ, na 16 Febụwarị 2018, Dagens Nyheter kọrọ na ego Sweden ga-efu maka ọkwa onyeisi oche a bụ SEK nde 12.4 (€1.254 nde EUR, nde USD 1.556).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.dn.se/nyheter/politik/regeringen-betalade-12-miljoner-for-toppjobb/|title=Regeringen betalade 12 miljoner för toppjobb|work=Dagens Nyheter|date=16 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omume ndị ọzọ ==

* World Economic Forum (WEF), Global Future Council on the Future of International overnance, Public-Private Co-operation and Sustainable Development, Co-chair
* Board Board for Economic Growth and Social Inclusion, Member
* 2030 Water Resources Group, Onye otu Kansụl Na-achị Isi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/communities/the-future-of-international-governance-public-private-cooperation|title=The Future of International Governance &amp; Public-Private Cooperation|work=World Economic Forum|accessdate=2017-09-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916110845/https://www.weforum.org/communities/the-future-of-international-governance-public-private-cooperation|archivedate=2017-09-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Global Challenges Foundation, Onye otu Board 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|3}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Agneta Stark</title>
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      <text bytes="6772" sha1="k98d7p2u514h55004i5bt1q6r8i7r91" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Agneta Stark in 2018.jpg|thumb|Agneta Stark na 2018]]
 

'''Agneta Stark''' (amụrụ na 9 Febụwarị 1946), &lt;ref name=&quot;FEMM&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Table of content, Biography of Ms Agenta STARK, Professor of economics, Sweden - support document for &quot;Equal pay for work of equal value&quot; event, interparliamentary committee meeting, International Women's Day 2012|date=March 2012|publisher=European Parliament: Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM)|location=Brussels|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201203/20120314ATT40842/20120314ATT40842EN.pdf|accessdate=3 July 2014}} [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/document/activities/cont/201202/20120216ATT38375/20120216ATT38375EN.pdf Pdf programme of the event]&lt;/ref&gt; bụ osote chancellor nke Mahadum Dalarna na Sweden site na 2004-2010 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Dalarna University: Vision and goals 2010 - 2015 (Foreword by the Vice Chancellor, Agneta Stark)|publisher=Dalarna University|url=http://www.du.se/Global/dokument/policydocuments/Organizational%20Goals%20and%20Finances/Vision%20and%20Goals.pdf|accessdate=3 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mbụ, Stark jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE)  (2012-2013)  na dịka osote onye isi oche of the Association of Swedish Higher Education . &lt;ref name=&quot;IAFFE_pres&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Past presidents|url=http://www.iaffe.org/pages/about-iaffe/board-members/|publisher=International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE)|accessdate=11 June 2014|archivedate=14 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514153104/http://www.iaffe.org/pages/about-iaffe/board-members/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Journal_HighEd&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Stark, Agneta|url=http://www.ehea-journal.eu/index.php?option=com_steckbriefe&amp;task=view&amp;contact_id=81&amp;Itemid=192|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714145232/http://www.ehea-journal.eu/index.php?option=com_steckbriefe&amp;task=view&amp;contact_id=81&amp;Itemid=192|archivedate=14 July 2014|publisher=Journal of the European Higher Education Area|accessdate=3 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isi ihe ndị ọ na-eme n'ọmụmụ ihe ndị o kwuru bụ ozizi akụnụba, ozizi akaụntụ, nakwa, okike na mgbanwe akụ na ụba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Journal_HighEd&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Stark, Agneta|url=http://www.ehea-journal.eu/index.php?option=com_steckbriefe&amp;task=view&amp;contact_id=81&amp;Itemid=192|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714145232/http://www.ehea-journal.eu/index.php?option=com_steckbriefe&amp;task=view&amp;contact_id=81&amp;Itemid=192|archivedate=14 July 2014|publisher=Journal of the European Higher Education Area|accessdate=3 July 2014}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714145232/http://www.ehea-journal.eu/index.php?option=com_steckbriefe&amp;task=view&amp;contact_id=81&amp;Itemid=192 &quot;Stark, Agneta&quot;]. Journal of the European Higher Education Area. Archived from [http://www.ehea-journal.eu/index.php?option=com_steckbriefe&amp;task=view&amp;contact_id=81&amp;Itemid=192 the original] on 14 July 2014&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 July&lt;/span&gt; 2014&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Stark nwetara akara ugo mmụta akụnụba ya na Stockholm School of Economics. O nwetakwara akara ugo mmụta LL. M. na akara ugo mmụta doctorate na nchịkwa azụmaahịa na Mahadum Stockholm.. &lt;ref name=&quot;Journal_HighEd&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Stark, Agneta|url=http://www.ehea-journal.eu/index.php?option=com_steckbriefe&amp;task=view&amp;contact_id=81&amp;Itemid=192|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714145232/http://www.ehea-journal.eu/index.php?option=com_steckbriefe&amp;task=view&amp;contact_id=81&amp;Itemid=192|archivedate=14 July 2014|publisher=Journal of the European Higher Education Area|accessdate=3 July 2014}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714145232/http://www.ehea-journal.eu/index.php?option=com_steckbriefe&amp;task=view&amp;contact_id=81&amp;Itemid=192 &quot;Stark, Agneta&quot;]. Journal of the European Higher Education Area. Archived from [http://www.ehea-journal.eu/index.php?option=com_steckbriefe&amp;task=view&amp;contact_id=81&amp;Itemid=192 the original] on 14 July 2014&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3 July&lt;/span&gt; 2014&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==
N'afọ 2004, Mahadum Karlstad nyere Agneta Stark nzere doctorate. &lt;ref name=&quot;Honorary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=((Reuterstrand))|first=Siri|title=Agneta Stark new honorary doctor at Karlstad University|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=sv&amp;u=http://www.jmg.gu.se/Aktuellt/Nyheter/fulltext//agneta-stark-ny-hedersdoktor-vid-karlstads-universitet.cid917399&amp;prev=/search%3Fq%3DAgneta%2BStark%2BLink%25C3%25B6pings%2Buniversitet.%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DCxn%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official|publisher=University of Gothenburg|accessdate=3 July 2014|date=12 May 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ==

* Na Swedish dị ka: Stark, Agneta; Gröjer, Jan-Erik (1978). Social edovisning (Mpịakọta 1 nke Naeringsliv och samhaelle). Sweden: Studieförbundet Näringsliv och Samhäll.{{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark-Frösslund|first=Agneta|title=The State of Social Accounting|publisher=Swedish Council for Social Science Research|location=Sweden|year=1974|oclc=187132835}}{{Cite book|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Social redovisning (Volume 1 of Naeringsliv och samhaelle)|publisher=Studieförbundet Näringsliv och Samhäll|location=Sweden|year=1978}}
* {{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Halva makten - hela lönen|publisher=Bonnier|location=Sweden|year=1994|isbn=9789100559700}}
* {{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Rent ekonomiskt?: om kvinnor och män, siffror och pengar|publisher=Bonnier|location=Stockholm|year=1995|isbn=9100561053}}
* {{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Ljusnande framtid eller ett långt farväl?: den svenska välfärdsstaten i jämförande belysning : rapport till Utredningen om fördelningen av ekonomisk makt och ekonomiska resurser mellan kvinnor och män|publisher=Fritzes Arbetsmarknadsdepartementet|location=Stockholm|year=1997|isbn=9138206765}}
* {{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Frivilligarbetets kön: kvinnor, män och frivilligt arbete: en översikt|publisher=Svenska kommunförb. Importancia distributör|location=Stockholm Uppsala|year=2000|isbn=9789170999284}}
* {{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Warm hands in cold age: gender and aging|publisher=Routledge|location=London|year=2007|isbn=9780415396769}}
* {{Cite book|ref=none|author=Stark|first=Agneta|title=Global perspectives on gender equality reversing the gaze|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|year=2008|isbn=9780203938386}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Brittany Ogunmokun</title>
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'''Brittany Ogunmokun''' (amụrụ na 26 Mee 1990) bụ onye egwuregwu ọsọ na ubi nke Naịjirịa. Ọ bụ onye meriri egwuregwu All-African Games otu ugboro ma bụrụkwa onye mmeri mba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Na 2026, o tinyere ihe ndekọ ọhụrụ n'ime ụlọ nke Afrịka nke mita 500, wee bụrụ nwanyị Afrịka kachasị ọsọ n'egwuregwu ahụ mgbe o mechara elekere 1:10.00, karịa ihe ndekọ Regina George nke 2016 nke 1:11.49, nke e debere na Bloomington.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=The Nation|first=|date=2026-01-19|title=Ogunmokun sets New African Indoor 500m Record|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ogunmokun-sets-new-african-indoor-500m-record/|accessdate=2026-03-23|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adeyanju|first=Samson|date=2026-01-17|title=Ogunmokun Shatters 10-Year 500m National Record - Abuja City Journal|url=https://abujacityjournal.com/livenews/2026/01/17/ogunmokun-shatters-10-year-500m-national-record/|accessdate=2026-03-23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ Mbido ==
A mụrụ Brittany Ogunmokun na May 26, 1990, na Alexandria, Virginia, USA, nna ya bụ onye Naijiria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Anthony Ade Ogunmokun Obituary November 21, 2021|url=https://www.beallfuneral.com/obituaries/anthony-ogunmokun|accessdate=2026-03-23|work=Beall Funeral Home|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brittany OGUNMOKUN {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/nigeria/brittany-ogunmokun-14360757|accessdate=2026-03-23|work=worldathletics.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị nke Anthony Ogunmokun na Arnitha Bell. Ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ nke Ogunmokun, Bridgette, gbara ọsọ na Bowie State (Maryland) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bridgette Ogunmokun - Women's Indoor Track and Field|url=https://bsubulldogs.com/sports/womens-indoor-track/roster/bridgette-ogunmokun/1628|accessdate=2026-03-23|work=Bowie State University Athletics|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ebe Briana gụrụ akwụkwọ na ọmụmụ sayensị ahụike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brittany OgunMokun - Cross Country|url=https://baylorbears.com/sports/cross-country/roster/brittany-ogunmokun/5274|accessdate=2026-03-23|work=Baylor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke 304 na 400m nke ụmụ nwanyị site na World Athletics.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;/&gt; Ogunmokun bụ Onye agha U.S. nke sonyeere ndị agha ụgbọelu United States n'oge gara aga, mgbe ọ hapụsịrị egwuregwu ruo afọ ise n'ihi ọzụzụ agha tupu ọ laghachi n'egwuregwu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Newsmart|title=Brittany Aderinola Ogunmokun, US Military veteran and Nigerian athlete shines at 13th African Games|url=https://www.newsmart.com.ng/2024/03/brittany-aderinola-ogunmokun-us.html|accessdate=2026-03-23|work=Newsmart Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ogunmokun nọ na Mahadum Baylor nke 2012-2013, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2013-01-08|title=Baylor Student Athlete Spotlight: Brittany OgunMokun|url=http://big12sports.com/news/2013/1/8/205881360.aspx|accessdate=2026-03-23|work=big12sports.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe o sonyere ma nweta ihe ndị a: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brittany OgunMokun - Track &amp; Field|url=https://baylorbears.com/sports/track-and-field/roster/brittany-ogunmokun/5658|accessdate=2026-03-23|work=Baylor|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

# 2012 All-Big 12 Outdoors (800 mita, 4x400 mita Relay) 
# 2012 All-Big 12 Indoors (800 mita, 4x400 mita Relay) 
# 2011 All-Big 12 Outdoors (800 mita, 4x400 mita Relay) 
# 2011 All-Big 12 Indoors (600 yards) 
# Onye na-edekọ ihe ndekọ ụlọ akwụkwọ (800 mita) 
# 2011 Academic All-Big 12 First Team (cross country) 
# Nnukwu 12 Commissioner ugboro atọ

== Ihe ndị a ma ama ọ rụzuru ==

* Ihe nrite ọla edo na All African Games na 4 x 400m&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-03-23|title=All African Games: GOLD for Nigeria in the women's 4x400m {{!}} ELANHUB MEDIA|url=https://elanhub.net/allafrica-games-gold-for-nigeria-in-the-womens-4x400m/|accessdate=2026-03-23|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2023 African Games: Two more medals for Nigeria in men’s and women’s 4x400m relay – AfrosportNow|url=https://afrosportnow.com/2023-african-games-two-more-medals-for-nigeria-in-mens-and-womens-4x400m-relay/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251209205957/https://afrosportnow.com/2023-african-games-two-more-medals-for-nigeria-in-mens-and-womens-4x400m-relay/|archivedate=2025-12-09|accessdate=2026-03-23|work=afrosportnow.com|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ìgwè Naịjirịa maka World Relays
* Ha ruru eru maka ule Olimpik nke Naịjirịa!
* 500m n'ime ụlọ National Record&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Abe|first=Olamide|date=2026-01-16|title=Ogunmokun sets new 500m national record|url=https://punchng.com/ogunmokun-sets-new-500m-national-record/|accessdate=2026-03-23|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adebayo|first=Olusola|date=2026-01-17|title=Ogunmokun Sets New National Record as 10-Year-Old 500m Record Give Way at NYC Gotham Cup|url=https://www.sports247.ng/ogunmokun-sets-new-national-record-as-10-year-old-500m-record-give-way-at-nyc-gotham-cup/|accessdate=2026-03-23|work=Sports247 Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=The Nation|first=|date=2026-01-23|title=Shattering Indoor Record: Ogunmokun defied age for victory|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/shattering-indoor-world-record-ogunmokun-defied-age-for-victory/|accessdate=2026-03-23|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}
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    <title>Emmanuel Somto</title>
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'''Emmanuel Somto''' (amụrụ na 5 Febụwarị 1997) bụ [[Ndị Naijiria|Onye Naijiria]], onye na-eme ihe nkiri na telivishọn.  

O meriri Maazị Teen Nigeria na 2016, mechaa dịka Onye mmeri nke Afrịka na asọmpi Mister Model International nke 2019 na Bangkok, Thailand.[1] Ọ bụ Face of Oppo Mobile na 2020[2] ọ bụkwa onye Naijiria mbụ so na iri na asaa kachasị elu na asọmpi Mister Global.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Somto si Imo Steeti, mana a mụrụ ya na Kano n'ezinụlọ Mbah, ọ bụkwa naanị ya mụrụ. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya na Kano tupu ọ kwaga obodo ya, Eziama Ikeduru, na Imo Steeti mgbe ọ dị afọ isii, ebe ọ nọrọ na nne nne ya n'ihi nsogbu okpukperechi na Kano mgbe niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

O nwetara asambodo ule West African (WAEC) site na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị azụmahịa Eziama Ikeduru na 2013, ma mesịa nweta National Diploma in Marketing site na [[Nekede]]&quot; id=&quot;mwKg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Federal Polytechnic, Nekede&quot;&gt;Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, nke dị na Nekede, Imo State.

Na mgbalị ịga n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya, Somto gara Thailand na 2019 iji mụọ azụmahịa mba ụwa na Mahadum Siam dị na Bangkok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Maidawa|first=Alpha|date=2020-06-17|title=This Story of Emmanuel Somto, Mr Model International Africa 2019 Will Inspire You|url=https://daybreak.ng/this-story-of-emmanuel-somto-mr-model-international-africa-2019-will-inspire-you/|accessdate=2024-06-10|work=Daybreak, Politics, Entertainment, Sport|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-06-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610064137/https://daybreak.ng/this-story-of-emmanuel-somto-mr-model-international-africa-2019-will-inspire-you/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Somto zụlitere mmasị maka ime ihe ngosi mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ndị ọbịa na Port Harcourt. A nabatara ya n'ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe nkiri [[Dhabry]] n'afọ 2012. Ọ gafere nyocha maka Glo ultimate model Nigeria, mana ọ bụghị otu n'ime ndị mmeri. 

O mechara sonye na Maazị Tourism Nigeria n'afọ 2013, mana ọ nweghị ike ịga n'ihu na asọmpi ahụ mgbe ndị omempụ zuuru ya ụbọchị ole na ole ruo na njedebe.

N'afọ 2016, ọ meriri Maazị Teen Naịjirịa, na-eti ndị nnọchiteanya iri abụọ ndị ọzọ si steeti dị iche iche iji merie aha ahụ. Dị ka Maazị Teen Naijiria, Somto nyere ndị mkpọrọ 2,164 nke ụlọ mkpọrọ gọọmentị etiti na [[Òwèrè|Owerri]] nri, uwe na ihe ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Vanguard|first=Newspaper|date=2018-08-30|title=Ex Mr Teen, Emmanuel Somto, Donates to 2,164 Prison Inmates|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/08/ex-mr-teen-emmanuel-somto-donates-2164-prison-inmates/|accessdate=2024-06-07|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2016, Somto malitere ime ihe nkiri ma gosipụta na ihe nkiri [[Nollywood]] abụọ, Sparking Stone na Child of Mercy . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=N|first=Ojonubi|date=2020-06-22|title=Mister Model Africa, Emmanuel Somto Set to Join Nollywood Industry|url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2020/06/22/mister-model-africa-emmanuel-somto-set-to-join-nollywood-industry/|accessdate=2024-06-10|work=Within Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gara n'ihu na-anọchite anya Naịjirịa na Mister Model International na Thailand na 2019 ebe ọ gwụchara dị ka onye mmeri Afrịka. N'ịgbalị ịgba ndị ọchụnta ego [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]] na-eto eto ume na-eme ngagharị iwe na diaspora, Osimiri Ohanaeze Ndigbo Mekong, Thailand, kwadoro Somto na Bangkok, iji mee emume ihe ọ rụzuru na asọmpi ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-05-09|title=Nigeria Emmanuel Somto makes history in Thailand, Crowned Mister Model Intl Africa|url=https://www.gistmania.com/talk/topic,388092.0.html|accessdate=2024-06-10|work=Gistmania|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Anyanwu|first=Ikechukwu|date=2019-04-29|title=Somto Wins Mister Model International (Africa)|url=https://ariseafrika.com/2019/04/somto-wins-mister-model-international-africa.html|accessdate=2024-06-10|work=AriseAfrika|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rapheal|date=2019-07-19|title=Igbo in Thailand Host Award-Winning Model, Somto|url=https://sunnewsonline.com/igbo-in-thailand-host-award-winning-model-somto/|accessdate=2024-06-10|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In 2020, he became the face of Oppo Mobile Nigeria in the male category beating 2,500 other contestants. This also landed him a deal to star as cover for ''Genevieve Magazine''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Olajide&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Olajide|first=Ola|date=2020-06-26|title=OPPO Mobile Nigeria Unveils Two Winners from the OPPO Reno3 Urban24 Contest with Prizes Worth Millions of Naira in Cash and Endorsements|url=https://www.gistreel.com/oppo-mobile-nigeria-unveils-two-winners-from-the-oppo-reno3-urban24-contest-with-prizes-worth-millions-of-naira-in-cash-and-endorsements/|accessdate=2024-06-10|work=GistReel|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2021, Somto nọchitere anya Naijiria na asọmpi Mr Global na Thailand ebe ọ ghọrọ onye Naijiria mbụ mere iri na asaa n'elu asọmpi ahụ. Ọ nwetakwara onyinye Mr Popularity Award na asọmpi ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Oyemolade|first=Eniola|date=2022-04-02|title=Emmanuel Somto Becomes First Nigerian to Make Top 17 Since Inception of Mister Global|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/emmanuel-somto-becomes-first-nigerian-to-make-top-17-since-inception-of-mister-global/|accessdate=2024-06-10|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O guzobere Misters of Nigeria na 2021, nke nwere ikike na asọmpi mba ụwa anọ ma mepụta ndị mmeri atọ ruo ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Misters of Nigeria Pageant competition partners 1XBET for 2023 edition|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/02/17/misters-of-nigeria-pageant-competition-partners-1xbet-for-2023-edition/|accessdate=2024-06-10|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye na nhọpụta ==
Somto bụ onye natara ọtụtụ onyinye, gụnyere Male Model of the Year na 2016 Nigeria Heritage Icons Award, na Pageant King of the Year iti 2018 Nigeria Achiever's Awards.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nollywood|first=Gists|date=2020-06-14|title=Inspiring Story of Somto Emmanuel, Nigeria Most Sought-After Model|url=https://www.nollywoodgists.com/news/50727/inspiring-story-of-somto-emmanuel-nigeria-most-sou.html|accessdate=2024-06-10|work=Nollywood Gists}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
N'oge a gbara Daily Post ajụjụ ọnụ n'afọ 2020, Somto kwupụtara ịhụnanya ya maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri Nollywood bụ [[Genevieve Nnaji]]. O kwuru na ọ ga-achọ ịlụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ n'agbanyeghị ọdịiche dị n'etiti afọ ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|date=2020-06-12|title=I Want to Marry Genevieve Nnaji – 23-Year-Old Nigerian Model, Somto|url=https://dailypost.ng/2020/06/12/i-want-to-marry-genevieve-nnaji-23-year-old-nigerian-model-somto/|accessdate=2024-06-10|language=en-US|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Somto, Emmanuel}}
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[[Faịlụ:Germaine_Greer,_June_1972_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Greer na June 1972]]

'''Germaine Greer''' (/ɡrɪər/; amụrụ na 29 Jenụwarị 1939) bụ onye edemede Australia na onye ọgụgụ isi ọha na eze, nke a na-ewere dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi olu nke usoro ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ na ọkara ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke 20.

N'ịbụ onye ọkachamara na akwụkwọ Bekee na nke ụmụ nwanyị, Greer enweela ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ na England na Mahadum Warwick na Newnham College, Cambridge, na United States na Mahadim Tulsa. Ọ malitere ibi na UK na 1964, ma site na 1990s ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ, kewara oge ya n'etiti Queensland, Australia, na ụlọ ya na Essex, England.[2]

Echiche Greer emeela ka esemokwu malite n'akwụkwọ mbụ ya, The Female Eunuch (1970), mere ka ọ bụrụ aha a ma ama. Akwụkwọ kacha ere ahịa n'ụwa niile na ederede na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ime [[Òtù ụmụ nwanyị]], ọ na-enye usoro nhazi nke echiche dịka ịbụ nwanyị na ịbụ nwanyị, na-arụ ụka na a manyere ụmụ nwanyị ka ha rụọ ọrụ nrubeisi na ọha mmadụ iji mezuo nrọ ụmụ nwoke banyere ihe ịbụ nwanyị gụnyere.  [5]

Ọrụ Greer na-esote lekwasịrị anya na akwụkwọ, ụmụ nwanyị, na gburugburu ebe obibi. O dere ihe karịrị akwụkwọ 20, gụnyere Sex and Destiny (1984), The Change (1991), The Whole Woman (1999), na The Boy (2003). Akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2013 White Beech: The Rainforest Years na-akọwa mbọ ọ na-agba iji weghachite mpaghara mmiri ozuzo na Numinbah Valley na Australia. Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya na ime ihe ike, ọ bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ maka The Sunday Times, ''The Guardian'', The Daily Telegraph, The Spectator, The Independent, na The ''Oldie'', n'etiti ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchanan7Jan2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Buchanan|first=Rachel|title=Why it's time to acknowledge Germaine Greer, journalist|url=https://theconversation.com/why-its-time-to-acknowledge-germaine-greer-journalist-88958|work=The Conversation|date=7 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Greer bụ nnwere onwe (ma ọ bụ nke siri ike) karịa onye na-ahụ maka ịha nhata. [a] Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya abụghị ịha nhata na ụmụ nwoke, nke ọ na-ahụ dị ka mmetọ na &quot;ịkwado ibi ndụ nke ụmụ nwoke na-enweghị nnwere onwe&quot;. &quot;Nnapụta ụmụ nwanyị&quot;, ka o dere na The Whole Woman (1999), &quot;ahụghị ikike nwanyị ahụ n'ihe gbasara nwoke n'ezie. &quot;Ọ na-ekwu na nnwere onwe bụ maka ikwusi ike ọdịiche na &quot;ịkwado ya dị ka ọnọdụ nke nkọwa onwe na mkpebi onwe onye&quot;. Ọ bụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị &quot;ịkọwa ụkpụrụ nke ha, hazie ihe ndị ha ga-ebute ụzọ ma kpebie ọdịnihu nke ha&quot;. [b]

=== Melbourne ===
[[Faịlụ:Elwood_beach_and_Melbourne_skyline.jpg|thumb|Ụsọ mmiri Elwood A na-ahụ ihu igwe Ebe etiti obodo Melbourne n'ebe dị anya.]]
A mụrụ Germaine Greer na 29 Jenụwarị 1939  na Melbourne n'ezinụlọ ndị Katọlik, okenye nke ụmụ agbọghọ abụọ sochiri nwa nwoke. Nna ya kpọrọ onwe ya Eric Reginald (&quot;Reg&quot;) Greer; ọ gwara ya na a mụrụ ya na South Africa, mana ọ matara mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na a mụrụ Robert Hamilton King na Launceston, Tasmania.[10] Ọ mụtakwara na a kpọrọ ya Robert Henry Eric Ernest Hambert . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Greer|first=Germaine|date=1989|title=Daddy, We Hardly Knew You|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=62iHDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Daddy+we+hardly+knew+you|location=New York|publisher=Fawcett Columbine|isbn=0449905616}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na nne ya, Margaret (&quot;Peggy&quot;) May Lafrank, lụrụ na Machị 1937; Reg ghọrọ onye Katọlik tupu agbamakwụkwọ ahụ. Peggy bụ onye na-ere akwụkwọ akụkọ na Reg bụ onye na'ere akwụkwọ akụkọ.[13] [c] N'agbanyeghị ọzụzụ Katọlik ya na Mmegide ndị Juu nke nna ya, Greer kwenyesiri ike na nna ya bụ onye Juu na nzuzo. O kwenyere na nne nne ya bụ nwanyị onye Juu aha ya bụ Rachel Weiss, mana ọ kwetara na o nwere ike ịbụ na o mere nke a site na &quot;oké ọchịchọ ịbụ onye Juu. &quot; N'agbanyeghị na ọ maghị ma o nwere ndị nna nna ndị Juu ọ bụla, Greer &quot;dị ka ọ bụ onye Juu&quot; wee malite itinye aka na obodo ndị Juu. Ọ mụtara Yiddish, sonye n'òtù ihe nkiri ndị Juu, ma soro ndị Juu na-akpa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Greer|first=Germaine|date=1989|title=Daddy, We Hardly Knew You|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=62iHDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Daddy+we+hardly+knew+you|location=New York|publisher=Fawcett Columbine|isbn=0449905616}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinụlọ ahụ biri na Elwood nke dị na Melbourne, na mbụ n'ụlọ a na-akwụ ụgwọ na Docker Street, nso osimiri, mgbe ahụ n'ụlọ ọzọ a na-agbazite na Esplanade.[16] Na Jenụwarị 1942 nna Greer sonyeere ndị agha nke abụọ nke Australian Imperial Force; mgbe ọ zụchara ọzụzụ na Royal Australian Air Force, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ciphers maka ndị agha British Royal Air Force na Egypt na [[Malta]]. Greer gara St Columba's Catholic Primary School na Elwood site na Febụwarị 1943 - ezinụlọ ahụ bi na 57 Ormond Road, Elwood - Sacred Heart Parish School, Sandringham, na Holy Redeemer School, Ripponlea sochiri ya.[18]

Na 1952, Greer debanyere aha na Star of the Sea College na Gardenvale, ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Sisters of the Presentation of the Holy Virgin Mary na-agba. Ọ bụ ebe a ka Greer kwuru na a kpọbatara ya na nka na egwu. N'afọ ahụ, e gosipụtara ihe osise ya na ngalaba nke iri na anọ nke ihe ngosi nka ụmụaka na Tye's Gallery, nke Archbishọp Mannix meghere.[1] Akụkọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kọwara ya dị ka &quot;obere ihe na-eme mkpọtụ na onye na-enwe nsogbu nke nwere iwe na onye na-akparị onwe ya&quot;, ọ bụkwa ebe ahụ ka Greer bụ nkà na-arị elu; na mgbakwunye na Bekee, Greer gụrụ akwụkwọ na European ọmụmụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, na n'ule ikpeazụ ya, ọ nwetara akara kacha elu na steeti.[2][20] Greer lere anya azụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata dị ka &quot;ihe ncheta na-adịte aka&quot; ma kwuo na ọ bụ ike anụ ahụ na nke uche nke ndị mụrụ ya bụ ndị mere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-eme ihe ngosi.[2]

Otu afọ mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Greer Brand, bụ ebe ọ na-agụcha akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Berkeley, bụ onye nọn maka Ụka Katọlik.[22]. Ọ hapụrụ ụlọ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na-arụ ọrụ. Ya na nne ya nwere nzụlite siri ike, onye, dị ka Greer si kwuo, nwere ike inwe Asperger. N'afọ 2012, o kwuru na nwanne ya nwoke enweghị ike ịgbaghara ya maka &quot;ịhapụ&quot; ha, mana ya enwebeghị ike imere nwanne ya nwoke, &quot;onye m na-akpọ onye ọzọ n'ụwa&quot;[1].
[[Faịlụ:Old_Arts_Building._Parkville_Campus_of_University_of_Melbourne_(cropped).JPG|thumb|Ụlọ Old Arts, Mahadum MelbourneMahadum nke Melbourne]]
Site na 1956 Greer gụrụ asụsụ Bekee na French na akwụkwọ na Mahadum Melbourne na agụmakwụkwọ nke Mahadum Onye Nkụzi, na-ebi n'ụlọ maka afọ abụọ mbụ na ego nke £ 8 kwa izu. 1.8 mita (6 ụkwụ) n'ogologo mgbe ọ dị afọ 16,  ọ bụ onye dị ịrịba ama. &quot;Onye ogologo, onye na-enweghị ụkwụ na onye na-eme ihe ọchị, ọ na-agagharị na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, na-ama na a na-ekwu ọtụtụ ihe banyere ya&quot;, dị ka onye nta akụkọ Peter Blazey, onye ya na Melbourne dịkọrọ ndụ. N'afọ mbụ ya, a gwọrọ Greer n'ụlọ ọgwụ n'oge na-adịghị anya maka ịda mbà n'obi.[26] Ọ gwara magazin ''Playboy'', n'ajụjụ ọnụ e bipụtara na 1972, na e dinara ya n'ike mgbe ọ nọ n'afọ nke abụọ na mahadum, ahụmahụ ọ kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ''The Guardian'' na Machị 1995.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Greer20March1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Germaine|author=Greer|date=20 March 1995|title=The refusal to be bowed by brutality|work=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu afọ ahụ, Greer wepụrụ afọ ime mgbe mmekọrịta ya mebiri ma kọwaa oge ahụ dị ka &quot;annus horribilis&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jeremy Isaacs 1995 interview with Germaine Greer|work=[[YouTube]]|date=24 May 2022|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R02LPPS5Lq0}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:(1)_Royal_George_Hotel.JPG|thumb|Royal George Hotel, Sydney, 2010]]
Obere oge tupu ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Melbourne na 1959 na nke abụọ dị elu, ọ kwagara Sydney, ebe ọ sonyeere Sydney Push na ndị anarchist Sydney Libertarians. &quot;[Ndị a kwuru banyere eziokwu na naanị eziokwu&quot;, ka o kwuru, &quot;na-ekwusi ike na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe anyị kpughere n'ụbọchị ahụ bụ echiche, nke bụ otu okwu maka ụgha - ma ọ bụ ihe nzuzu, dịka ha na-akpọ ya. &quot;  Ha ga-ezukọ n'ime ụlọ azụ nke Royal George Hotel na Sussex Street.[30] Clive James so n'òtù ahụ n'oge ahụ. Otu n'ime ndị na-ede akụkọ ndụ Greer, Christine Wallace, dere na Greer &quot;na-abanye na Royal George Hotel, n'ime ìgwè mmadụ na-ekwu onwe ha n'ime ụlọ na-esi ísì biya ochie ma jupụta na anwụrụ sịga, wee malite ịgbaso ụzọ ndụ Push, 'ịdọ aka ná ntị siri ike nke m manyere m ịmụta'&quot;. Greer echerela onwe ya dị ka onye anarchist n'amaghị ihe mere o ji dọta ya; site na Push, ọ matara akwụkwọ anarchist.[31] O nwere mmekọrịta dị mkpa n'òtù ahụ na Harry Hooton  na Roelof Smilde, ha abụọ bụ ndị a ma ama.[32] Ya na Smilde bi n'otu ụlọ na Glebe Point Road, mana mmekọrịta ahụ adịteghị aka; dị ka Wallace si kwuo, echiche Push nke &quot;ịhụnanya nweere onwe ya&quot; gụnyere ịjụ nnwere onwe na ekworo, nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ihu ọma ụmụ nwoke.

Mgbe mmekọrịta ya na Smilde kwụsịrị, Greer debanyere aha na Mahadum Sydney iji mụọ Byron,  ebe, Clive James dere, ọ ghọrọ &quot;onye a ma ama maka ire ọjọọ ya. [34][35] Otu n'ime ndị enyi ya n'ebe ahụ, Arthur Dignam, kwuru na ọ &quot;bụ naanị nwanyị anyị zutere n'oge ahụ nke nwere ike iji obi ike, n'ụzọ dị mfe ma na-atọ ọchị mee ka ndị ikom daa&quot;.[36] Ọ malitere itinye aka na ime ihe nkiri na Sydney ma mee Mother Courage na Mother Courage and Her Children n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1963.[37] N'afọ ahụ, e nyere ya MA nke mbụ maka edemede akpọrọ &quot;The Development of Byron's Satiric Mode&quot;,  wee were nhọpụta na Sydney dị ka onye nkuzi dị elu na Bekee, yana ọfịs dị n'akụkụ Stephen Knight na ụlọ Carslaw nke mahadum.[38] &quot;O doro anya na ọ bụ ezigbo onye nkuzi&quot;, ka o kwuru. &quot;Na otu n'ime ndị nkuzi kachasị mma - otu n'etiti mmadụ ole na ole nwere ike inye iwu na Wallace Lecture Theatre, ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ 600 ya. O nwere ụdị àgwà histrionic nke dị nnọọ ịrịba ama, gbakwunyere na ezigbo agụmakwụkwọ ya&quot;.[39]
[[Faịlụ:Newnham_College,_Cambridge,_March_2008.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Newnham College, Cambridge]]
MA meriri Greer a Commonwealth Scholarship, nke o ji kwado ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ na Mahadum Cambridge, rutere n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1964 na Newnham College, kọleji naanị ụmụ nwanyị.[40] [[Samuel Louis Goldberg|Sam Goldberg]], onye Leavisite, onye bụ Challis Chair of English Literature na Sydney kemgbe 1963 gbara ya ume ịpụ na Sydney.[41] Na mbido ịbanye na ọmụmụ BA na Cambridge - agụmakwụkwọ ya gaara enye ya ohere mezue ya n'ime afọ abụọ - Greer jisiri ike gbanwee mgbe oge mbụ (&quot;site n'ike nke arụmụka&quot;, dị ka Clive James si kwuo) gaa na mmemme PhD iji mụọ [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], nke Anne Barton, onye a maara mgbe ahụ dị ka Anne Righter, lekọtara. O kwuru na ọ gbanwere n'ihi na ọ &quot;chọtara na ha agaghị akụzi  ihe ọ bụla&quot;.[her][43] Muriel Bradbrook, nwanyị mbụ bụ Prọfesọ nke Bekee na Cambridge, mere ka Greer mụọ Shakespeare; Bradbrook lekọtara PhD Barton.[44]
[[File:Cambridge_News,_November_1964.jpg|thumb|Site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri: Hilary Walston, Germaine Greer na Sheila Buhr, na-esonyere Footlights, Cambridge News, November 1964 ]]
Cambridge bụ ebe siri ike maka ụmụ nwanyị. Dị ka Christine Wallace si kwuo, otu nwa akwụkwọ Newnham kọwara di ya na-anata akwụkwọ oriri na 1966 site na Christ's College nke nyere ohere &quot;Ndị inyom na-abanye naanị maka sherry&quot;.[46] Lisa Jardine zutere Greer na nri abalị na Newnham. Onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ rịọrọ ka a gbachie nkịtị maka okwu. &quot;Ka ọgba aghara na-agbadata, otu onye nọgidere na-ekwu okwu, na-etinye onwe ya na mkparịta ụka ya iji chọpụta&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;Na tebụl ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Germaine ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-akọwa na ọ gaghị enwe nnwere onwe maka ụmụ nwanyị, n'agbanyeghị etu ha gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma, ọ bụrụhaala na achọrọ anyị ka anyị tinye ara anyị n'ime brọsh ndị e wuru dị ka obere Vesuvius, abụọ a dụkọtara ọnụ, na-acha ọcha, nke na-enweghị ihe yiri ahụ nwanyị. N'afọ ofufo, ọ na-enwe obi erughị ala nke ndị isi afọ iri isii, ka o ji ike kwuo, bụ ihe nnọchianya jọgburu onwe ya nke mmegbu nwoke.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ozugbo ọ bịarutere, Greer nyochara (ya na Clive James, onye ọ maara site na Sydney Push) maka ụlọ ọrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eme ihe nkiri, Footlights, n'ime ụlọ klọb ya na Falcon Yard n'elu ụlọ ahịa Mac Fisheries. Ha mere ihe osise nke ọ bụ Noël Coward na ya bụ Gertrude Lawrence.[48] Na-esonyere n'otu ụbọchị ahụ James na Russell Davies,  Greer bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ a nabatara dị ka onye otu zuru oke, tinyere Sheila Buhr na Hilary Walston. &lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;308&quot; href=&quot;./Tim_Brooke-Taylor&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Tim Brooke-Taylor&quot;&gt;Tim Brooke-Taylor]],&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Boston, Richard (3 June 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2013/jun/03/cambridge-footlights-comedy-university \&quot;From the archive, 3 June 1983: Cambridge Footlights celebrate 100 years of comedy\&quot;], ''The Guardian''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; and to &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Eric Idle]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, the Footlights president.&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-55&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Germaine_Greer#cite_note-55 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;d&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; The Cambridge News bu akụkọ banyere ya na Nọvemba 1964, na-ezo aka na ụmụ nwanyị dị ka &quot;ụmụ agbọghọ atọ&quot;. Nzaghachi Greer maka nnabata ya bụ: &quot;Ebe a na-eji ndị na-agba ọsọ na-awụli elu. Ị nwere ike ịnwe ya n'onwe gị. &quot;  O sonyere na revue ya nke 1965, My Girl Herbert,  ya na Eric Idle (onye isi oche Footlights), John Cameron, Christie Davies na John Grillo.[53][50]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.footlights.org/past/1965|title=Cambridge Footlights: Year ending 1965|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104112941/http://www.footlights.org/past/1965|archivedate=4 January 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu onye nkatọ chọpụtara &quot;nwa agbọghọ Australia nke nwere ikike okike iji gosipụta olu ya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Footlights at 120: A history of Footlights|url=http://www.footlights.org:80/history|publisher=Cambridge Footlights|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060104103517/http://www.footlights.org/history|archivedate=4 January 2006|accessdate=26 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ọzọ so na Footlights mgbe ọ nọ ebe ahụ gụnyere Tim Brooke-Taylor, John Cleese, Peter Cook na David Frost.[56]
[[Faịlụ:Cmglee_Cambridge_Friar_House_from_The_Eagle.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Greer biri n'ọnụ ụlọ dị n'akụkụ Clive James na Friar House (ụlọ ọcha), Bene't Street, Cambridge.]]
 
Greer dechara Ph.D. na Calabria, Italy, bụ ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkụ azụ n'ime obodo nwere olulu mmiri na ọkụ eletrik. Njem ahụ yiri nke enyi ya bụ́ Emilio, ma nwoke ahụ gosiri Greer akwụkwọ ya bụ nwoke na-asa ahụ́ n’olulu mmiri tupu chi ọbụbọ, na-eyikwa uwe ojii na akpụkpọ ụkwụ.[1] Enyere ya PhD na Mee 1968 maka edemede ya The Ethic of Love and Marriage in Shakespeare's Early Comedies. [59] Greer - onye na-asụ ma ọ bụ na-agụ Latin, Greek oge ochie, Italian, French, German, na Spanish [2] - dọtara mmasị dị iche iche nke European Renaissance comedies na-arụ ụka na Shakespeare na-emeso ihe ọchị na-enye ozi dị iche na akwụkwọ ndị Europe. [3] Ahụmahụ nke onwe ya ezughị iji kọwaa ihe omume ahụ. &quot;Enyefere m ndụ m niile maka okike, na-eme ike m niile ime ihe ga-atọ ndị ọzọ ụtọ, m ga-agakwa n'ihu ruo mgbe m ruru n'elu, wee leghachi anya azụ ma nwee mmasị na naanị onwe m&quot;[62].

Nwanyị ọnaozi ahụ na-adabere nke ukwuu na agụmakwụkwọ ''Shakespeare'' nke Greer, ọkachasị mgbe ọ na-atụle akụkọ ihe mere eme nke alụmdi na nwunye na mbedo. N'afọ 1986, Oxford University Press bipụtara akwụkwọ ya Shakespeare dị ka akụkụ nke usoro Past Masters, na 2007 Bloomsbury bipụtara ọmụmụ ya banyere Anne Hathaway, Shakespeare's Wife.[63]

== Ọrụ mmalite na edemede ==

=== Ozizi, alụmdi na nwunye na telivishọn ===

Site na 1968 ruo 1972, Greer rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi na Mahadum Warwick na Coventry, ya na di mbụ ya na Leamington Spa nwere nwamba abụọ na kilogram 300. [1] [65] Na 1968 ọ mụrụ akwụkwọ mbụ ya, Paul, na mgbakwunye na ime ihe, dere akwụkwọ 300. [1] King's College London English, onye rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ewu ụlọ, n'ụlọ dị na Portobello Road, London, mgbe obere oge gasịrị na Paddington Register Office, na-eji mgbanaka sitere na ụlọ akụ. [2] [65] Du Feu alụọla nwunye wee mụọ ụmụ nwoke abụọ, gbara afọ 14 na 16, ya na di mbụ ya. [67]

=== ''Oz'' na Suck''Ịṅụ'' ===
[[Faịlụ:Oz_magazine,_issue_19,_early_1969.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Greer na mkpuchi nke magazin ''Oz'', mmalite 1969, ya na Vivian Stanshall nke Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah BandÒtù Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah]]
Greer malitere ide kọlụm dị ka &quot;Dr. G&quot; maka magazin ''Oz'', nke Richard Neville, onye ọ zutere na oriri na Sydney.[74] E mechiri Australian ''Oz'' na 1963 mgbe ọnwa atọ gasịrị ma maa ndị nchịkọta akụkọ ikpe maka okwu rụrụ arụ, e mesịa gbanwee ha. Neville na onye nchịkọta akụkọ ya, Martin Sharp, kwagara London ma guzobe ''Oz'' n'ebe ahụ. Mgbe Neville zutere Greer ọzọ, ọ tụrụ aro ka o dee maka ya, nke dugara na edemede ya na mbipụta mbụ na 1967, &quot;In Bed with the English&quot;.[75] Keith Morris sere ya foto (&quot;Dr G, naanị onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwere PhD n'agbụ&quot;) maka mbipụta 19 na mbido 1969; ihe oyiyi ojii na-acha ọcha gụnyere otu n'ime ihe ndị ọ na-ese maka mkpuchi ya na Vivian Stanshall na nke ọzọ nke ọ na-eme ka ọ na-akpọ ụbọ .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Photographs|date=30 August 2017|url=https://digitised-collections.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/191793|publisher=Germaine Greer Archive, University of Melbourne|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003194325/https://digitised-collections.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/191793|archivedate=3 October 2018|author=Greer|first=Germaine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mbipụta July 1970, ''''Oz'' 29'', gosipụtara &quot;Germaine Greer knits private parts&quot;, isiokwu sitere na Oz's Needlework Correspondent na aka na-akpụ akpụ Keep it Warm Cock Sock, &quot;a snug corner for a chilly prick&quot;. Dị ka &quot;Rose Blight&quot;, o dekwara kọlụm n'ubi maka Private Eye.[78]

N'afọ 1969, Greer so guzobe magazin na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ nke dị na Amsterdam, Suck: The First European Sex Paper (1969-1974), ya na Bill Daley, Jim Haynes, William Levy, Heathcote Williams na Jean Shrimpton, ebumnuche ya bụ ịmepụta &quot;ihe ọhụrụ na-akpụ agụụ mmekọahụ nke ga-eme ka ahụ nwoke na nke nwanyị ghara ịdị mma&quot;. Akụkọ na-ekwu na mbipụta mbụ ahụ bụ ihe na-akpasu iwe nke na Special Branch wakporo ọfịs ya na London na Arts Lab na Drury Lane ma mechie adreesị postbox ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;suck&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Suck, the first European sex magazine|oclc=810282005}}&lt;/ref&gt;[80]

Dị ka Beatrice Faust si kwuo, Suck bipụtara &quot;ihe omimi SM nke na-asọ ụmụ nwanyị asị&quot;, gụnyere ihe osise mkpuchi, maka mbipụta 7, nke nwoke na-ejide &quot;nwaanyị na-eti mkpu na ụkwụ ya n'ikuku ka onye ọzọ dinara ya n'ike&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Faust|first=Beatrice|authorlink=Beatrice Faust|title=Grab-bag of Germaine ideas|work=The Age|date=20 December 1986|page=137}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu n'ime ndị na-ede akụkọ ndụ Greer, Elizabeth Kleinhenz, dere na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla na-emebi iwu maka Suck, gụnyere nkọwa nke mmetọ ụmụaka, mmekọahụ na anụmanụ.[80] Akụkụ Greer, &quot;Sucky Fucky&quot; nke &quot;Earth Rose&quot;, gụnyere ndụmọdụ nye ụmụ nwanyị banyere otu esi elekọta akụkụ ahụ ha na otu ha kwesịrị isi detụ ihe ha na-eme n'ahụ ha.[82][83] O bipụtara aha enyi ya, onye ọ maara site n'oge ya na Sydney Push na onye o mechara nyefee The Female Eunuch: &quot;Onye ọ bụla chọrọ inwe mmekọahụ n'ìgwè na New York ma nwee mmasị na ụmụ agbọghọ buru ibu, kpọtụrụ Lillian Roxon. &quot;  N'oge mmemme ihe nkiri Amsterdam nke afọ 1970 nke Suck haziri, ndị ọka ikpe, nke gụnyere Greer, nyere Bodil Joensen ihe nrite mbụ maka ihe nkiri nke nwanyị na ụmụ anụmanụ nwere mmekọahụ. [85] Suck weghachiri otu ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Greer (nke mbụ e bipụtara na ''Screw'', magazin ọzọ na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ), nke akpọrọ &quot;Abụ m akwụna&quot;. &amp;nbsp;

N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-etinye aka na Suck, Greer gwara Robert Greenfield nke Rolling Stone na Jenụwarị 1971 na ọ bụ onye na-enwe mmasị na Redstockings, otu ụmụ nwanyị siri ike nke Ellen Willis na [[Shulamith Firestone]] guzobere na New York na Jenụwaị 1969. N'ịbụ onye ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị katọrọ maka itinye aka na Suck, na Mee 1971 ọ gwara onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ maka ''Screw'':

Greer kewara na Suck na 1972 mgbe ọ bipụtara foto ya gba ọtọ na-edina ala na ụkwụ ya n'ubu ya na ihu ya na-ele anya n'etiti apata ụkwụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ifeminists&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifeminists.net/introduction/editorials/2004/1215cook.html|title=Encounters with Germaine Greer|first=Dana|author=Cook|date=15 December 2004|work=ifeminists.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; E zigara foto ahụ na nghọta na a ga-ebipụta foto ndị gba ọtọ nke ndị nchịkọta akụkọ niile n'akwụkwọ gbasara mmemme ihe nkiri.[90] Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm, na-ebo ndị nchịkọta akụkọ ndị ọzọ ebubo na ha bụ &quot;ndị na-emegide mgbanwe&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;suck&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Suck, the first European sex magazine|oclc=810282005}}&lt;/ref&gt; Greer mechara kwuo na ebumnuche ya n'ịbanye na bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ bụ ịnwa ịdọpụ Suck na ihe nkiri na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ.[91]

=== Nwaanyị ọnaozi (1970) ===
{{Reflist|26em}}
N'ịkọwa ihe mere o ji chọọ ide akwụkwọ ahụ, nkọwa ahụ gara n'ihu: &quot;Nke mbụ, echere m na ọ bụ iji kwụọ ụgwọ mmehie m n'ịbụ nwanne nna Tom na mmekọahụ m. Anaghị m amasị ụmụ nwanyị. O yikarịrị ka m na-ekere òkè na nlelị niile na-enweghị mgbalị na amaghị ihe ndị ikom na-awụ ụmụ nwanyị n'oge ahụ, ọ kọwara 21 Eprel 1969 dị ka &quot;ụbọchị akwụkwọ m malitere n'onwe ya, Janis Joplin na-abụ abụ n'ụtụtụ anyị na Albert Hall. &quot;Stubo ụnyaahụ bụ Strumpet Voluntary - gịnị ka ọ ga-akụkọ anyị ga-eme ka ọ ga - anyị ga-agụ akwụkwọ Morning&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Bell31July1969&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bell|first=Lynne|title=Doctor who refuses to be type-cast|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=31 July 1969|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwanyị ahụ ga-emecha taa ka ọ ga[98] N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1970, o bipụtara otu edemede na ''Oz'', &quot;The Slag-Heap Erupts&quot;, nke nyere echiche ya n'ọdịnihu, ya bụ na ụmụ nwanyị ga-ata ụta maka mmegbu nke ha. &quot;Ndị ikom anaghị amasị ụmụ nwanyị n'ezie&quot;, ka o dere, &quot;nke ahụ bụkwa n'ezie ihe mere ha anaghị eji ha eme ihe. Ụmụ nwanyị anaghị amasị ha n'ezie, ha onwe ha nwekwara ike ịdabere n'iji ụmụ nwoke mee ihe karịa ụmụ nwanyị. &quot;  Ọtụtụ ndị inyom Britain, gụnyere Angela Carter, Sheila Rowbotham na Michelene Wandor, jiri iwe zaghachi. [99][100] Wandor dere nzaghachi na ''Oz'', &quot;Na njedebe nke Servile Penitude: Nzaghachi nye ike Germaine&quot;, na-ekwu na Greer na-ede banyere òtù ụmụ nwanyị nke ọ na-arụ ọrụ ọ bụla na nke ọ maghị ihe ọ bụla.[101]
[[File:Female_Eunuch_cover.jpeg|thumb|Christine Wallace kpọrọ mkpuchi Paladin, nke John Holmes mepụtara, otu n'ime &quot;ihe oyiyi a na-ahụ anya na mbipụta mgbe agha gasịrị&quot;.[102]]]
nke na-eleghara anya&quot;): [128] na oriri nke ndị editọ si ''Oz'' bịara, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tweedie|first=Jill|title=Goodbye love|work=The Guardian|date=28 September 1970|page=9}}; {{Cite news|author=Lyndon|first=Neil|authorlink=Neil Lyndon|title=Shooting down The Female Eunuch|url=https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/shooting-down-the-female-eunuch-d75bkm2t9jz|work=The Sunday Times|date=10 October 2010}}.&lt;/ref&gt; MacGibbon &amp; Kee bipụtara The Female Eunuch na UK na 12 Ọktoba 1970,  raara ya nye Lillian Roxon na ụmụ nwanyị anọ ndị ọzọ.[103] Mbipụta mbụ nke 2 + 1⁄2 puku rere n'ụbọchị mbụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Byrne1986&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Germaine Greer on Marriage, Children And Society|url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2016/1021/825887-germaine-greer-and-the-female-eunuch/|work=The Late Late Show|publisher=RTÉ|date=24 October 1986}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ikwu na ezinụlọ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ, ndị na-azụ ahịa, ndị na'ezinụlọ nuklia na-egbochi ma na-eme ka ụmụ nwanyị bụrụ ndị na-ere ahịa, akwụkwọ ahụ ghọrọ akwụkwọ kachasị mma na mba ụwa na ederede na-agbanwe agbanwe na òtù ụmụ nwanyị.[5] Dị ka Greer si kwuo, McGraw-Hill kwụrụ $ 29,000 maka ikike America na Bantam $ 135,000 maka akwụkwọ mpịakọta. Mbipụta Bantam kpọrọ Greer &quot;Saucy feminist nke ọbụna ụmụ nwoke na-amasị&quot;, na-ehota magazin Life, na akwụkwọ &quot;#1: okwu kachasị na nnwere onwe mmekọahụ&quot;.[107] Ọchịchọ dị ukwuu mgbe mbụ e bipụtara ya na a ga-ebipụtaghachi ya kwa ọnwa, ma ọ dịghị mgbe a kwụsịrị ibipụta ya.[108] Wallace dere banyere otu nwanyị nke fụchiri ya na akwụkwọ na-acha nchara nchara ma zoo ya n'okpuru akpụkpọ ụkwụ ya, n'ihi na di ya agaghị ekwe ka ọ gụọ ya.[109] Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1998, ọ rere ihe karịrị otu nde na UK naanị. &lt;ref name=&quot;McCann25Feb1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=McCann|first=Paul|title=Greer paid pounds 1/2m for new 'Female Eunuch'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/greer-paid-pounds-12m-for-new-female-eunuch-1146787.html|work=The Independent|date=25 February 1998}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Afọ 1970 bụ ihe dị mkpa maka feminism nke abụọ. N'ọnwa Febụwarị, ụmụ nwanyị 400 zutere na kọleji Ruskin, Oxford, maka ọgbakọ ntọhapụ ụmụ nwanyị Britain nke mbụ.[1] N'August, Kate Millett's Politics of Sexuality ka e bipụtara na New York;[2] na 26 August, Strike for Equality emume mere n'ofe United States; na na 31 August Millett Eserese Alice Neel dị na mkpuchi nke magazin Time, nke mgbe akwụkwọ ya rerela akwụkwọ 15,000 (ọ bụ ezie na December Time chere na nkwupụta ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ nwanyị nwere ike ime ka ndị mmadụ ghara ịnakwere ụmụ nwanyị).[3]. Septemba na Ọktọba hụrụ mbipụta nke Sisterhood Is Powerful, nke Robin Morgan deziri, na Shulamith Firestone's The Dialectic of Sex.[114] Na 6 Maachị 1971, yi uwe ndị nọn, Greer jiri ụmụ nwanyị 2,500 gafere etiti London na March nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị.[4] Ka ọ na-erule n’ọnwa ahụ, a sụgharịala akwụkwọ ahụ gaa n’asụsụ asatọ, ọ fọkwara obere ka erere mbipụta ya nke abụọ.[109] E bipụtara ya na United States site n'aka McGraw-Hill na 16 Eprel 1971.[5][6] Toast nke New York, Greer siri ọnwụ na-anọ na Chelsea Hotel, bụ ebe ndị ode akwụkwọ na ndị na-ese ihe na-agakarị, karịa na Algonquin Hotel ebe onye bipụtara ya debere ya akwụkwọ; A kwesịrị ịhazigharị akwụkwọ ya n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị chọrọ ịga.[7] Otu akwụkwọ nyocha akwụkwọ New York Times kọwara ya dị ka &quot;[s] ix ụkwụ ogologo, na-enweghị ike ịma mma, nwere anya na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na profaịlụ na-echetara Garbo.&quot;

Akwụkwọ mpịakọta Paladin sochiri, ya na ihe osise mkpuchi nke onye Britain na-ese ihe John Holmes, nke René Magritte nwere mmetụta,na-egosi ahụ nwanyị dị ka uwe na-akwụnye na okporo ụzọ, aka na úkwù ọ bụla.  Clive Hamilton weere ya dị ka &quot;ma eleghị anya mkpuchi akwụkwọ kachasị echeta na nke na-akpata nchegbu e mepụtara&quot;. N'iji ahụ tụnyere &quot;ụfọdụ fibreglass a tụbara na usoro mmepụta ihe&quot;, Christine Wallace dere na ụdị mbụ Holmes bụ nwanyị na-enweghị ihu, na-enweghị ara, nwanyị gba ọtọ, &quot;n'ụzọ doro anya Germaine ... ntutu na-adaba n'ụdị afro-frizzed, n'úkwù dị omimi n'ime ụyọkọ ara ejiji, nke a na-eche na ọ bụ nke e bepụrụ na okike nke 'nwaanyị ọnaozi' dabere na nkwekọba na nkwonkwo aka&quot;.[102] Farrar, Straus &lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;amp; Giroux bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ ọzọ n'afọ 2001 site n'aka Jennifer Baumgardner, onye isi nke atọ na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke usoro Feminist Classics nke onye na-ebipụta ya.[122] Dị ka Justyna Wlodarczyk si kwuo, Greer pụtara dị ka &quot;onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ kachasị amasị nke atọ&quot;.[123]&amp;nbsp;
 
The Female Eunuch na-enyocha otú ụwa nwoke na-achịkwa si emetụta mmetụta nke nwanyị banyere onwe ya, na otú echiche nke nwoke na nwanyị na-enwe mmekọahụ na-emebi echiche ụmụ nwanyị nke onwe, nnwere onwe, ike, na mmekọahụ. Ozi ya bụ na ụmụ nwanyị ga-eleba anya n'ime onwe ha maka nnwere onwe ha tupu ha enwee ike ịnwa ịgbanwe ụwa. N’usoro isiokwu e kewara gaa na nkebi ise—Ahụ, Mkpụrụ obi, Ịhụnanya, Ịkpọasị, na Mgbanwe—Greer na-enyocha echiche, akụkọ ifo, na nghọtahie ndị jikọtara ọnụ na-akpata mmegbu.[125] Ọ chịkọtara ozi akwụkwọ ahụ na 2018 dị ka &quot;Mee ihe ị chọrọ ma hụ ihe ị na-eme n'anya ... Emela ya dị ka ịnyịnya ibu ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ka a na-emeso gị dị ka arse.&quot; [1] Wallace na-arụ ụka na nke a bụ ozi nke nnwere onwe, dabere na Sydney Push, kama nke sitere na ụmụ nwanyị oge ahụ.[127] Paragraf nke mbụ na-akọwa ọnọdụ akwụkwọ ahụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme ụmụ nwanyị (n'ihe odide mbụ, nkebi nke mbụ na-agụ: &quot;Ruo ugbu a, mmegharị nnwere onwe nke ụmụ nwanyị dị ntakịrị, ihe ùgwù na nke na-eleghara anya&quot;): [128]
 
''Onye ọnaozi'' ahụ ji: &quot;Ndị inyom nwere ihe ùgwù ga-agba mbọ ma chọọ itinye gị na 'ọgụ' maka mgbanwe, mana mgbanwe bụ ihe na-agbadata. A ghaghị imebi usoro ochie, ọ bụghị nke ọhụrụ. Ụmụ nwanyị dị ilu ga-akpọ gị ka ị nupụ isi, mana ị nwere ọtụtụ ihe ị ga-eme. Gịnị ka ị ga-emekarị?&quot;[130]
[[Faịlụ:Germaine_Greer,_Amsterdam,_June_1972.jpg|thumb|Greer na Amsterdam, 6 June 1972, na njem akwụkwọ maka The Female Eunuch''Nwanyị Eunuch'']]
Abụọ n'ime isiokwu nke akwụkwọ ahụ gosipụtara ụzọ maka Mmekọahụ na Ọdịnihu afọ iri na anọ ka e mesịrị, ya bụ na ezinụlọ nuklia bụ ọnọdụ ọjọọ maka ụmụ nwanyị na maka ịzụlite ụmụaka, nakwa na mmepụta nke Mmekọahụ ụmụ nwanyị site na ndị ọdịda anyanwụ na-eweda ala ma na-egbochi. A na-eme ụmụ nwanyị ka ha bụrụ ụmụ nwanyị site na nwata site n'ịkụziri ha iwu ndị na-achịkwa ha. Ka oge na-aga, mgbe ụmụ nwanyị na-anabata ụdị nwanyị toro eto, ha na-azụlite ihere banyere ahụ ha, ma na-efunahụ ikike ha na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ enweghị ike, ịnọpụ iche, mmekọahụ dị ala, na enweghị ọṅụ. &quot;Dị ka anụ ọhịa&quot;, ka ọ gwara ''The New York Times'' na Machị 1971, &quot;ndị a na-akpụ akpụ n'ọrụ ugbo iji mezuo ebumnuche ndị ọzọ nke nna ha ukwu - ka ha bụrụ abụba ma ọ bụ mee ka ha dị nro - ewepụla ụmụ nwanyị ikike ha ime ihe. &quot;  Akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwu na &quot;[ndị] ụmụ nwanyị nwere obere ihe ọmụma banyere otú ụmụ nwoke si kpọrọ ha asị&quot;, ebe &quot;[m] onwe ha amaghị omimi nke ịkpọasị ha. &lt;ref name=&quot;weintraub22March1971&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Judith|author=Weintraub|date=March 22, 1971|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/99/05/09/specials/greer-shock.html|title=Germaine Greer&amp;nbsp;– Opinions That May Shock the Faithful|work=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;[w] &quot;Mmeghachi omume abụghị mgbanwe&quot;, ka o dere. &quot;Ọ bụghị ihe ịrịba ama nke mgbanwe ebe ndị a na-emegbu emegbu na-eji omume nke ndị mmegbu eme ihe ma na-eme mmegbu n'onwe ha. Ọ bụghịkwa ihe ịrịbaanya nke mgbanwe mgbe ụmụ nwanyị ape ụmụ nwoke ... &quot;  Onye America na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị Betty Friedan, onye dere The Feminine Mystique (1963), chọrọ ka ụmụ nwanyị &quot;ịha nhata nke ohere n'ime ọnọdụ dị ugbu a, nnwere onwe ịbanye n'ụwa nke ọnyá na obi&quot;, ka o kwuru.[133][134]&amp;nbsp;
 
Greer nọ na mmekọrịta n'oge ahụ na Tony Gourvish, onye njikwa nke otu egwu egwu Britain Family, nke malitere mgbe ọ na-ede The Female Eunuch. Kleinhenz dere na ha biri ọnụ ruo oge ụfọdụ, mana Greer mechara chee na ọ na-erigbu onye ama ya, mmetụta ọ na-etolite na ndị enyi ya, dị ka Kleinhenz si kwuo.[145] Na June 1971 ọ ghọrọ onye edemede maka London Sunday Times . Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya kpọgara ya Vietnam, ebe o dere banyere &quot;ụmụ agbọghọ na-agba akwụna&quot; nke ndị agha America tụụrụ ime, na Bangladesh, ebe ọ gbara ụmụ nwanyị ndị ndị agha Pakistan dinara n'ike n'oge Agha Nnwere Onwe Bangladesh nke 1971.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buchanan7Jan2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Buchanan|first=Rachel|title=Why it's time to acknowledge Germaine Greer, journalist|url=https://theconversation.com/why-its-time-to-acknowledge-germaine-greer-journalist-88958|work=The Conversation|date=7 January 2018}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBuchanan2018&quot;&gt;Buchanan, Rachel (7 January 2018). [https://theconversation.com/why-its-time-to-acknowledge-germaine-greer-journalist-88958 &quot;Why it's time to acknowledge Germaine Greer, journalist&quot;]. ''The Conversation''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 1971, Greer, onye na-asụ Italian nke ọma, &lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;651&quot; href=&quot;./Tuscany&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Tuscany&quot;&gt;Tuscany-through-greers-eyes&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;title&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Tuscany through Greer's eyes&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;16 July 2020&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwDO4\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt432\&quot; class=\&quot;citation web cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;mwDO8\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;https://library.unimelb.edu.au/asc/collections/highlights/collections/germainegreer/feature-images/tuscany-through-greers-eyes\&quot; id=\&quot;mwDPA\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Tuscany through Greer's eyes\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 16 July 2020.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-150&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Germaine_Greer#cite_note-150 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; kwagara Cortona na Tuscany, ebe ọ gbazitere ''Il Palazzone'', ụlọ dị nso n'obodo ahụ. O mechara zụta ụlọ, ''Pianelli''.[147] Ọ gwara Richard Neville na ọ ga-anọpụ na England n'ihi iwu ụtụ isi ya.[148] Ọ nọrọ akụkụ nke oge okpomọkụ ahụ na Porto Cervo, ebe ezumike dị n'akụkụ osimiri, ya na Kenneth Tynan, onye nduzi nka nke Royal National Theatre, dị ka ndị ọbịa nke Michael White, onye na-ahụ maka ihe nkiri. Ìgwè ahụ na Princess Margaret, Lord Snowdon na Karim Aga Khan riri nri abalị n'otu mgbede. Greer ji obere akpa bịarute, tupu nri abalị ahụ, ọ chọpụtara na ikuku na-efe n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ efuru ntutu isi ya. Princess Margaret nọdụrụ Greer n'elu tebụl ejiji ya wee nọrọ nkeji ise na-asa ntutu isi ya. Isi ihe nke nleta maka Greer bụ ikwurịta ọrụ Tynan maka nsụgharị nke ''Lysistrata'' nke Aristophanes.[149]Nke mbụ e mere na 411 BCE, egwuregwu ahụ na-enyocha mgbalị ụmụ nwanyị mere iji manye njedebe nke Agha Peloponnesian site n'ịga n'ihu na Mmekọahụ. Emeghị ọrụ ahụ; Greer na Tynan dara n'oge njem ahụ, Greer wee hapụ Porto Cervo na anya mmiri.[151] Ntinye ya nke egwuregwu ahụ nwetara ekele na 1999, mgbe Phil Willmott rụgharịrị ma mepụta ya dị ka Germaine Greer's Lysistrata: The Sex Strike .  Greer akọwaala nnwere onwe ọ nwere n'ụlọ ya na Ịtali, nke na-enweghị ọkụ eletrik mgbe mbụ ọ kwagara ebe ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://museumsandcollections.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/2803443/04_Buchanan-Greer-21.pdf|title='Here I let live, and am let live': Germaine Greer and Italy|first=Rachel|author=Buchanan|accessdate=3 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ bi na Ịtali, Greer gbara Primo Levi, Luciano Pavarotti, na enyi ya na onye ọ hụrụ n'anya Federico Fellini ajụjụ ọnụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2010/apr/11/germaine-greer-federico-fellini|title=Federico Fellini wanted to cast me in Casanova. We ended up in bed together &amp;#124; Germaine Greer|work=[[TheGuardian.com]]|date=11 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1971, Nat Lehrman, onye so na kọmitii nchịkọta akụkọ ''Playboy'', gbara Greer ajụjụ ọnụ, onye si na United States gaa Ịtali iji gbaa ajụjụ ọnụ n'ụlọ ya. ''Playboy'' bipụtara isiokwu ahụ na Jenụwarị 1972: &quot;Germaine Greer - a Candid Conversation with the Ballsy Author of The Female Eunuch&quot;. Ọ bụ n'oge ajụjụ ọnụ a ka o bu ụzọ kwurịta n'ihu ọha na [[Germaine Greer|e dinara ya n'ike]] n'afọ nke abụọ ya na Mahadum Melbourne.&lt;ref name=&quot;Greer20March1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Germaine|author=Greer|date=20 March 1995|title=The refusal to be bowed by brutality|work=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;Greer, Germaine (20 March 1995). &quot;The refusal to be bowed by brutality&quot;. ''[[Onye nche|The Guardian]]''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịbụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa nkuzi ya na Warwick n'afọ ahụ.[157] Na Machị 1972, e jidere ya na New Zealand maka ikwu &quot;bullshit&quot; na &quot;fuck&quot; n'okwu n'oge njem, nke o kpachaara anya mee n'ihi na e jidere Tim Shadbolt (onye a ga-emecha bụrụ onye isi obodo Invercargill na 1993) n'oge na-adịbeghị anya maka otu ihe ahụ. Narị mmadụ isii gbakọtara n'èzí ụlọ ikpe ahụ, na-atụba jelly beans na àkwá na ndị uwe ojii. Mgbe ọ gbachitere onwe ya, a tọhapụrụ ya na 'bullshit' mana a mara ya ikpe maka 'fuck', Kleinhenz dere. N'ịbụ onye a mara ikpe ịga mkpọrọ, o kwuru na ya ga-akwụ ụgwọ kama, wee hapụ mba ahụ n'akwụghị ya.[158]&amp;nbsp;

Greer, onye dị afọ iri atọ na asaa n'oge ahụ, nwere mmekọrịta na 1976 na onye edemede [[Martin Amis]], onye dị n'afọ iri abụọ na isii n'oge a, nke a tụlere n'ihu ọha na 2015 mgbe ọ resịrị Mahadum Melbourne ihe ndekọ ya. N'ime ha, Margaret Simons chọpụtara akwụkwọ ozi 30,000 nke Greer malitere ide na 1 Machị 1976 mgbe ọ nọ na British Airways Monarch lounge na Heathrow Airport, wee gaa n'ihu n'oge njem nkuzi na United States, ọ bụ ezie na o doro anya na o ziteghị ya: &quot;Ka kilomita na-agbakọta, achọtara m akwụkwọ ozi a siri ike ma sie ike ide. Ụdị m na-ada mbido dị ka ntụ. [160) A hapụrụ m akwụkwọ a na taxi ma ọ ga-efunahụ gị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụrụ na ị ga-eji ya.[160]&amp;nbsp;
[[Faịlụ:Mcfarlin_ice.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ McFarlin, Mahadum TulsaMahadum nke Tulsa]]
Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ. N'afọ 1984 ọ gara [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] iji kọọ banyere Ụnwụ nri 1983-1985 maka Daily Mail na ọzọ n'ọnwa Eprel 1985 maka The Observer. Maka nke ikpeazụ, o ji igwefoto Olympus na-akpaghị aka were foto wee gbaa kilomita 700 gaa Asosa, obodo nke Gọọmentị Etiopia na-ebugharị ndị mmadụ site na mpaghara ụnwụ nri. The Observer ebipụtaghị isiokwu abụọ 5,000 ọ nyere; n'echiche ya, ndị editọ ekwenyeghị n'echicha gọọmentị Mengistu. The New Worker bipụtara ha kama. Na Septemba 1985 ọ gara Etiopia ọzọ, n'oge a iji gosipụta ihe ngosi maka Channel 4 na UK.

Mmekọahụ na akara aka: ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ọmụmụ mmadụ (1984) gara n'ihu na nkatọ Greer banyere àgwà ndị Ọdịda Anyanwụ n'ihe gbasara mmekọahụ, ọmụmụ, na ezinụlọ, yana itinye àgwà ndị ahụ n'ụwa ndị ọzọ. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya ọzọ gụnyere ezinụlọ nuklia, itinye aka gọọmentị na omume mmekọahụ, na ịzụ ahịa nke mmekọahụ na ahụ ụmụ nwanyị. O kwuru na nkwalite ọdịda anyanwụ nke igbochi ọmụmụ na Ụwa nke Atọ abụghị n'ụzọ dị ukwuu maka nchegbu maka ọdịmma mmadụ kama ọ bụ egwu ọdịnala na anyaụfụ nke ndị ọgaranya maka ọmụmụ nke ndị ogbenye. Omume mgbochi ọmụmụ emetọla site na mmalite ya, o dere, na-ezo aka na Marie Stopes na ndị ọzọ. Ọ dọrọ aka ná ntị megide ịkatọ ụdị ndụ na ụkpụrụ ezinụlọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe.

N'afọ 1984, Greer zụrụ The Mills, ụlọ ọrụ ugbo nke Georgia na ala dị hekta atọ na Great Chesterford, Essex, England, ebe ọ kụrụ osisi dị otu hekta, nke o kwuru na ọ mere ka ọ dị mpako karịa ihe ọ bụla ọzọ o mere, ma gbalịa idebe &quot;dị ka ebe mgbaba maka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-eto eto&quot; dịka o nwere ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;TheMills&quot; /&gt; Mills ka bụ ụlọ Greer maka akụkụ nke afọ mgbe o rere ya na 2018; &lt;ref name=&quot;TheMills&quot;&gt;Greer, Germaine (11 March 2018). [https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/wildlife-nature/article/germaine-greer-offers-advice-for-the-next-owner-of-her-essex-home-ckcfn9p2r &quot;Germaine Greer offers advice for the next owner of her Essex home&quot;]. ''The Sunday Times''.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Mills|url=https://assets.savills.com/properties/GBCARSCAS150149/CAS150149_CAS15002037.PDF|publisher=Savills|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602004903/https://assets.savills.com/properties/GBCARSCAS150149/CAS150149_CAS15002037.PDF|archivedate=2 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ka ọ na-erule afọ 2016, ọ na-anọ ọnwa anọ n'afọ na Australia na ndị ọzọ na UK. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dugdale7Nov2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Dugdale|first=Lynda|title=Germaine Greer: Not about to change|url=https://www.intheblack.com/articles/2016/11/07/germaine-greer-not-about-to-change|work=Intheblack|date=7 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Germaine_Greer_and_Lewis_Wolpert_on_After_Dark_on_30_May_1994.jpg|thumb|Mụ na [[Lewis Wolpert]] na Channel 4's After Dark, 1994]]
E bipụtara akwụkwọ ya ''Shakespeare'' (isiokwu PhD ya) na 1986 site na Oxford University Press dị ka akụkụ nke usoro Past Masters. ''The Madwoman's Underclothes: Essays and Occasional Writings'', nchịkọta nke isiokwu ya e dere n'etiti 1968 na 1985, pụtakwara n'afọ ahụ. Na June 1988, ya na Harold Pinter, Antonia Fraser, Ian McEwan, Margaret Drabble, Salman Rushdie, David Hare na ndị ọzọ, ọ ghọrọ akụkụ nke &quot;20th of June Group&quot;, nke kwadoro nnwere onwe obodo na England nke otu ahụ chere na a na-emebi; nke a bụ obere oge mgbe ewepụtara Akụkụ 28, nke gbochiri ụlọ akwụkwọ ịkụzi ndina ụdị onwe dị ka akụkụ dị mma nke ndụ ezinụlọ.[169]

Ọ na-apụta mgbe niile na telivishọn na UK na Australia n'oge a, gụnyere na BBC's Have I Got News for You ọtụtụ ugboro site na 1990. N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 1995, Andrew Neil gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ ogologo oge na ihe ngosi ajụjụ ọnụ ya bụ Is This Your Life? &lt;ref&gt;{{IMDb title|tt9800432|Is This Your Life?|(22 July 1995, Germaine Greer)}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1998, o dere otu ihe omume, &quot;Make Love not War&quot;, maka usoro ihe omume telivishọn Cold War, n'afọ sochirinụ, ọ nọdụrụ maka foto gba ọtọ nke onye Australia na-ese foto Polly Borland. Ajụjụ ọnụ 1994 ya na Greer na The Big Issue, nke o kwuru na ya na onye ọ bụla dị njikere ịgbaso iwu ya ga-ebikọ ụlọ ya, a kọwara ya dị ka akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù maka ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, ma mee ka ndị nta akụkọ na ụgbọ elu na-efe ala jupụta ya. Otu n'ime ndị nta akụkọ ahụ, onye nta akụkọ Mail on Sunday, jisiri ike banye ma jiri ile ọbịa ya mee ihe ruo ụbọchị abụọ, nke gụnyere Greer ịsa uwe ya ma kụziere ya otu esi eme achịcha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Germaine|author=Greer|date=7 February 1994|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1994/02/07/Greer-to-sue-journalist-who-posed-as-a-homeless-man/3897760597200/|title=Greer to sue journalist who posed as a homeless man}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bipụtara akwụkwọ mpịakọta peeji atọ, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ahụ chọpụtara na ikpe mara ya maka aghụghọ na-abụghị maka ọdịmma ọha na eze.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/newspaper-breached-code-1432513.html|title=Newspaper breached code|work=[[The Independent]]|date=30 March 1994}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Natalie Angier, na-ede na ''The New York Times'', kpọrọ The Change: Women, Ageing, and the Menopause (1991) &quot;oké iwe, obi ụtọ, iwe iwe nke akwụkwọ ... nke na-akpali akpali nke dị nso ịbụ onye nwere ike ịbụ onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na The Female Eunuch&quot;. N'ime ya, Greer dere banyere akụkọ ifo banyere nsọpụrụ - ma ọ bụ dịka ọ na-ahọrọ ịkpọ ya &quot;oge kachasị njọ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Natalie|author=Angier|authorlink=Natalie Angier|date=October 11, 1992|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/99/05/09/specials/greer-change.html|title=The Transit of Woman|work=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Ịtụ egwu ụmụ nwanyị bụ ihe na-atọ ụtọ&quot;, o dere na The Age n'afọ 2002. &quot;A na-atụ ụmụ nwanyị egwu iji ọgwụgwọ hormone dochie anya site na amụma ọjọọ nke ọkpụkpụ na-ada ada, ọrịa obi, enweghị agụụ mmekọahụ, ịda mbà n'obi, obi nkoropụ, ọrịa na ọnwụ ma ọ bụrụ na ha ekwe ka okike gaa n'ihu. &quot;Ọ na-ekwu na ịtụ ụmụ nwanyị egwu bụ &quot;nnukwu azụmahịa ma baa uru dị ukwuu&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Germaine|author=Greer|date=13 July 2002|url=https://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/07/12/1026185109376.html|title=The Female Used|work=[[The Age]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mezigharịrị akwụkwọ ahụ, gụnyere ozi ahụike, ma bipụtaghachi ya na 2018.&amp;nbsp;

=== ''Slip-Shod Sibyls'' (1995) ===
N'afọ 2021, Greer laghachiri Australia iji ree ụlọ ya ma tinye onwe ya n'ụlọ nlekọta ndị agadi na Castlemaine, Victoria. Ọ nọrọ ọnwa iri wee pụọ n'ọnwa Eprel 2022 ka ya na nwanne ya nwoke biri. Ọ kọwara onwe ya dị ka &quot;ọ bụghị onye ọrịa, kama ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ&quot; n'ụlọ nlekọta ndị agadi. O kwuru na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ụlọ nlekọta karịa ụmụ nwoke ma kwuo na nlekọta ndị agadi bụ nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị na-akpali akpali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-05|title=Females to the fore: The women at this year's Canberra Writers Festival|url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7846103/females-to-the-fore-the-women-at-this-years-canberra-writers-festival/|accessdate=2022-09-09|work=The Canberra Times|language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Overington|first=Caroline|date=1 July 2022|title=Germaine Greer's life as an aged-care 'inmate'|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/germaine-greer-life-as-an-agedcare-inmate/news-story/d8072017b7701420a65b498d275dd357|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703053353/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/germaine-greer-life-as-an-agedcare-inmate/news-story/d8072017b7701420a65b498d275dd357|archivedate=July 3, 2022|accessdate=August 10, 2024|work=The Australian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe ndebe ihe ochie nke Germaine Greer ==
Greer rere ihe ndekọ ya na 2013 na Mahadum Melbourne .  Ka ọ na-erule June 2018 ọ na-ekpuchi oge 1959-2010, na-ejupụta igbe nchekwa 487 na mita 82 nke oghere shelf  . Mbufe nke ihe ncheta (150 faịlụ-cabinet drawers) site n'ụlọ Greer na England malitere na July 2014; mahadum mara ọkwa na ọ na-akpata nde $ 3 iji kwado ịzụta, mbupu, ụlọ, katalọgụ na digitization. Greer kwuru na a ga-enye onyinye ya maka ọrụ ebere ya, Friends of Gondwana Rainforest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=University to house Germaine Greer archive|url=http://www.campaign.unimelb.edu.au/news-and-events/2013-10-28-university-to-house-germaine-greer-archive|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109020158/http://www.campaign.unimelb.edu.au/news-and-events/2013-10-28-university-to-house-germaine-greer-archive|archivedate=9 November 2013|publisher=University of Melbourne|date=28 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kaadị ndepụta nke nwere ozi osisi ezinụlọ Greer, nke a chịkọtara mgbe ọ na-eme nchọpụta n'akwụkwọ ya Daddy, We Hardly Knew You, bụ nke State Library of Victoria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Index cards ca. 1990. [manuscript].|url=https://find.slv.vic.gov.au/discovery/fulldisplay?&amp;context=L&amp;vid=61SLV_INST:SLV&amp;search_scope=slv_local&amp;tab=searchProfile&amp;docid=alma9916351273607636|accessdate=2025-04-30|work=find.slv.vic.gov.au|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

== Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ ==
 

== Ihe edeturu n'okpuru ala ==

== Edensibia ==

=== eIhe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ ===

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    <title>Lucy Parsons</title>
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Lucy E. Parsons (c. - Maachị 7, 1942) bụ onye America socialist anarchist na emesia anarcho-communist, nke amara nke ọma n'oge ndụ ya ogologo maka okwu na edemede ya. Ọ bụ onye nchoputa nke Industrial Workers of the World. Enwere ụdị dị iche iche nke ndụ nwata Parsons: ya onwe ya kwuru na ya sitere na Mexico na American Indian; ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme kwenyere na a mụrụ ya n'aka onye Africa-American nwere ohu, ikekwe na Virginia, wee lụọ nwoke ojii nweere onwe ya na Texas. Ọ zutere onye mkpochapụ Albert Parsons na Waco, Texas, ma ekwuru na ọ lụrụ ya, n'agbanyeghị na ọ nweghị ndekọ ahụghị. Ha kwagara Chicago ọnụ na ngwụsị 1873 na echiche ya sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ mmegide ime ihe ike nke ndị ọrụ na Chicago Railroad Strike nke 1877. Ọ rụrụ ụka maka nzukọ ọrụ na mgba otu, na-ede akụkọ na-ese okwu na-ekwu okwu na ihe omume. Ọ sonyeere United States Labour Union ma mesịa ghọọ Knights of Labour, na enyi ya Lizzie Swank na ndị inyom ndị ọzọ tọrọ ntọala Chicago Working Women's Union.

Parsons nwere ụmụ abụọ wee rụọ ọrụ na Chicago dị ka akwa akwa, na-ere ụlọ nke ya. Mgbe e gbuchara di ya na 1887 mgbe a mara ya ikpe na ọ bụ onye ndu na Haymarket Riots, ọ bịara mara ụwa niile dị ka onye na-ekwu okwu anarchist, na-eme njem ugboro ugboro n'ofe United States ma na-eleta England. O dere edemede ma dezie akwụkwọ ndị na-akpa ike. Enyemaka na nkwado ndị ọsụ ụzọ kwadoro ya n'ụzọ ego wee dee Life of Albert R. Parsons site n'enyemaka nke Martin Lacher. N'ime iri afọ ndị sochiri Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Russia nke 1917, Parsons nọgidere na-abụ onye Kọmunist. Ndị uwe ojii Chicago weere ya dị ka onye agha dị ize ndụ ma na-egbochikarị ya ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha. Ọ gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ya dị ka onye toro eto, na-emegide onye anarchist Emma Goldman maka ọdịiche dị n'ụdị ha na ihe ịma aka nke ikpe ziri ezi na ikpe nke Angelo Herndon, Tom Mooney, na Scottsboro Boys. Ọ nwụrụ n'ọkụ ụlọ na March 7, 1942. Onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ bụ George Markstall nọ na olili ozu ahụ wee hụ ụlọ ahụ na-ere ọkụ ma o nweghị ike ịzọpụta ya; ọ nwụrụ n’echi ya. E liri ya na ebe a na-eli ozu Waldheim German, ebe ncheta Haymarket Martyrs dị. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, a maara Parsons dị ka Albert Parsons, ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya mgbe mmadụ abụọ dị ndụ na-echeta ihe ndị ọ rụzuru. Mpaghara Chicago Park kpọrọ okporo ụzọ dị na Belmont Avenue aha ya na 2004.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
Amachaghị ihe gbasara ndụ nwata Parsons. [A] Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Caroline Ashbaugh na-ekwu na ndị ha na ya dịkọrọ ndụ kwenyere na Parsons bụ ohu na 1849 na a na-akpọ ya Lucy Gathings; N'ime ndụ ya niile, Parsons jikwa aha nna Carter, Diaz, Gonzalez na Hull. [1]: 11, 12 E nwere ihe ndekọ dị iche iche nke aha etiti Parsons; ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka Philip S. Foner nyere ya dị ka Eldine, na mgbe e mesịrị nke nwa ya nwanyị Ella.[2] :: 267  Parsons n'onwe ya nyere akụkọ dị iche iche banyere ndị ha na ya dịkọrọ ndụ.[2] : : 268  Ọ gọrọ agọ na ọ bụ onye Afrịka wee kwuo na ya nwere nne na nna Mexico na American India, na-atụgharị n'etiti ha abụọ. Mgbe ihe omume ndị butere ọnwụ ya mere ka a mara ya, akwụkwọ ndekọ ahụike na-agụnye ihe nketa Texas ya mana o deghị aha ya n'ezie.[3][4] Otu echiche bụ na ọ lụrụ na Texas na Marie del Gather (nke sitere na Spanish-Mexica) na John Waller, onye bụ onye Muscogee.[5] Akụkọ ya na American National Biography na-egosi na ọ nwere ike ịbụ nwa Pedro Díaz González, onye nyere ya Marie. Ọ bụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge a ole na ole kwuru banyere usoro ọmụmụ ya.[6][5]

N'akwụkwọ akụkọ onwe ya, Pasons, onye akụkọ ihe mere eme ọha na eze Jacqueline Jones na-ekwu na e rere ya dị ka ohu na Virginia na 1863 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, na onye nwe ya, Thomas J. Taliaferro, kpọọrọ ya na nne ya na nwanne ya na McLennan County, Texas. N’ihi ya, a kpọrọ ya Lucia; ọ kwagara Waco, Texas, ebe a na-egosi ndị mmadụ na-aga n'ihu na ndụ ha gara aga dị ka ndị ohu ma ọ bụ ndị agha Confederate. Ya na ya “biri” (ma o doro anya na ọ lụọla) nwoke ojii aha ya bụ Oliver Benton, nke a maara dị ka Oliver Gathings n'ihi na e nyere ndị ohu aha ikpeazụ nke ndị nwe ha. Ọ dị ihe dị ka afọ 35 ma ọ bụ 36 mana ọ dị iche iche 16 ma ọ bụ 17. Benton nwetara $1.50 kwa ule maka ngwaọrụ ya na-ebu akwụkwọ ojii n'osimiri ahụ, ọ pụkwara ịbụ na ọ nwere nwatakịrị nwụrụ anwụ.[1] Ashbaugh na-atụ aro na Parsons bụ (dị ka Benton) bụbu ohu nke ezinụlọ Gathings, ebe Philip Gathings nwere nwa nwanyị aha ya bụ Lucy na 1849 ma rụọ ọrụ ahụ n'aha Parsons. Ọ bụ ebe a na-edobe ụfọdụ ndị ohu, ezinụlọ Gathings nwekwara ụmụ ndị ohu na 1860 bụ ndị ga-anọrịrị n'afọ Parsons.[2] : 267 : 267

Mgbe ọ nọ na Waco, Lucy zutere Albert Parsons. Ọ bụ nwoke nke bụbu onye agha Confederate nke agha obodo America na onye Radical Republican bụ onye na-akwado ụda olu maka ikike ndị isi ojii; a gbagburu ya n’ụkwụ maka inyere ndị ojii aka ịdebanye aha ịtụ vootu. A kwenyere na ha alụrụla di na nwunye kemgbe oge ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[1] : 13-14 E kwuru na ha zutere na Austin na 1872, ọ gwakwara Dictionary of American Biography for Albert's state na ha lụrụ na June 10, 1871. Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Lucie C. Price kwuru na Parsons bụ ohu ma ọ bụ onye ọrụ nke Parsons na ọ bụ ya dere akụkọ ahụ. : 12, 461 Ashbaugh siri ọnwụ na ọ ga-esiri ha ike ịlụ di na nwunye n'otu ụzọ ahụ, mana di na nwunye na di ya na nwunye ya bụ otu ihe, ebe Lucy na-akpọ aha ikpeazụ Parsons.[1] :  13–14 : 13–14

Lucy na Albert Parsons kwagara Chicago na ngwụcha afọ 1873. &lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Avrich|first=Paul|title=The Haymarket tragedy|date=1984|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691047119}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 15 &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;: 15 Obodo mmepụta ihe na-eto ngwa ngwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jones|first=Jacqueline|title=Goddess of anarchy: The life and times of Lucy Parsons, American radical|date=2017|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York NY|isbn=978-1-5416-9726-3|chapter=Chapter 3: A local war|edition=e-book}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di na nwunye ahụ biri n'ụlọ ndị ogbenye na-arụ ọrụ gburugburu Larrabee Street na North Avenue na North Side.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 16 &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter3&quot; /&gt; Albert Parsons rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-Ebe Ugwu maka akwụkwọ akụkọ na Lucy Parsons nwetara ego dị ka onye ịkwa akwa. Di na nwunye ahụ sonyere na Social-Democratic Workingmen's Party of North America, mgbe e mesịrị na Workingmen'S Party of the United States. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 17 &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter3&quot; /&gt; Parsons gosikwara njikere ya iguzo maka ikike ya site n'ịkpọrọ ndị ọcha ugboro abụọ gaa n'ụlọ ikpe na 1875, n'ihi ụgwọ a na-akwụghị ụgwọ na nsogbu ndị agbata obi, n'otu n'otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter3&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe Ọgbaghara ụgbọ okporo ígwè Chicago nke 1877 mere dị ka akụkụ nke Great Upheaval, Albert Parsons na ndị otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ibe ya Philip Van Patten na George Schilling gwara ìgwè mmadụ 25,000 okwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 20, 21 A chụpụrụ ya n'ọrụ ya na Chicago Times ma tinye ya na Ndepụta ojii; ndị ikom abụọ a na-amaghị ama tinyere égbè n'isi ya mgbe ọ gara ''Chicago Tribune'' ịrịọ maka ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Avrich|first=Paul|title=The Haymarket tragedy|date=1984|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691047119}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAvrich1984&quot;&gt;Avrich, Paul (1984). ''The Haymarket tragedy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780691047119|&lt;bdi&gt;9780691047119&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 31, 32 &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jones|first=Jacqueline|title=Goddess of anarchy: The life and times of Lucy Parsons, American radical|date=2017|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York NY|isbn=978-1-5416-9726-3|chapter=Chapter 3: A local war|edition=e-book}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJones2017&quot;&gt;Jones, Jacqueline (2017). &quot;Chapter 3: A local war&quot;. ''Goddess of anarchy: The life and times of Lucy Parsons, American radical'' (e-book&amp;nbsp;ed.). New York NY: Basic Books. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-5416-9726-3|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-5416-9726-3&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A manyere Lucy Parsons inweta ọrụ iji kwado ezinụlọ ya wee malite ụlọ ahịa na-ere uwe na uwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 25 Ọ gbasaa azụmahịa ahụ n'ime Parsons &amp; Co., Manufacturers of Ladies' and Children's Clothing, na-emeghe ebe ọrụ na 306 Mohawk Street ma na-ewe onye mmekọ ya ugbu a na-edepụtaghị aha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jones|first=Jacqueline|title=Goddess of anarchy: The life and times of Lucy Parsons, American radical|date=2017|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York NY|isbn=978-1-5416-9726-3|chapter=Chapter 4: Farewell to the ballot box|edition=e-book}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ mbụ Parsons bipụtara bụ akwụkwọ ozi o degaara onye nchịkọta akụkọ The Socialist banyere agụụ na ịda ogbenye nke ndị ọrụ. Ọ malitere nkuzi mgbe ọ mụsịrị nwa ya nwoke, Albert Parsons Jr., na Septemba 1879 (na akwụkwọ ọmụmụ ya o depụtara aha nwa agbọghọ ya dị ka Carter na Virginia dịka ebe ọmụmụ ya). [1]: 30 [2] Echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Parsons na-agbanwe, o kpebiri na nsogbu nke ya adịghị mkpa ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ naanị otu òtù ọha na eze nwere ike ime mgbanwe. Ọ bụ onye agha karịa onye òtù ọlụlụ ya, na-eme mkpọsa megide votu ahụ n'oge a na-enyeghị ya ikike ime otú ahụ n'onwe ya. [1]: 32, 39 [3] Ihe ndị ọ chọpụtara banyere ọgba aghara ahụ e mere na 1877 kụziiri ya na ndị ọrụ na-esikwu ike mgbe ha jikọrọ aka. [4] Ọ zụlitere echiche anarchist ya, bụ nke kwadoro ime ihe ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kwadoro ịgbachitere onwe ya megide ime ihe ike agbụrụ, ma kpọọ oku maka mgba megide okpukpe. [5]: 92, 96 O nyeere aka chọta Chicago Working Women's Union (WWU) na ụmụ nwanyị dịka Elizabeth Chambers Morgan, Elizabeth Flynn Rodgers, Alzina Stevens, na Lizzie Swank wee gaa nzukọ n'oge ime ime ya, n'oge a na-atụ anya ka ụmụ nwanyị nọrọ n'ụlọ mgbe ha na-amụ nwa. Swank ghọrọ ezigbo enyi Parsons, ma ozugbo ndị Knights of Labour kpebiri ịnakwere ụmụ nwanyị, ha abụọ sonyeere.[1] : 34 WWU gbara ụmụnwaanyị ume ka ha sonye n'otu ndị ọrụ ma kwalite ụbọchị awa asatọ. [2][7]

Na Eprel 20, 1881, Parsons mụrụ nwa ya nke abụọ, Lulu Eda, onye nwụrụ site na lymphedema mgbe ọ dị afọ asatọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Avrich|first=Paul|title=The Haymarket tragedy|date=1984|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691047119}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAvrich1984&quot;&gt;Avrich, Paul (1984). ''The Haymarket tragedy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780691047119|&lt;bdi&gt;9780691047119&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; :: 41 &quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;451&amp;#x200A; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;: 41 N'afọ 1883, onye nnupụisi anarchist Johann Most gara Chicago wee zute ezinụlọ Parsons. : 43 N'ọnwa Nọvemba, Albert Parsons guzobere American Group of Chicago dị ka ngalaba mpaghara nke International Working People's Association (IWPA). Lucy gara nzukọ, mgbe ụfọdụ n'ụlọ ya, na-azụlite ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị aka ekpe ya. Mgbe IWPA bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ siri ike The Alarm na 1884, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị isi nyere aka, na-ekwu na ime ihe ike bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere na ọgụ nke ndị otu ọrụ bụ ihe na-akpali mgbanwe ahụ. O dere ederede nke gụnyere &quot;Mmalite anyị. Ọ bara uru ịzọpụta?&quot;, &quot;Nwatakịrị ụlọ ọrụ. Ihe ọjọọ ha gosipụtara na nnapụta ha chọrọ&quot; na &quot;The negro. Ka ọ hapụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nye onye ndọrọ ọchịchị ma kpegara onye nkwusa ekpere&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot; /&gt; : 99 &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt;: 54, 57, 63, 64, 99 E bipụtara edemede ya &quot;Nye ndị na-enweghị ọrụ, ndị a napụrụ ihe nketa na ndị nhụsianya&quot; site na The Alarm ma ree ihe karịrị 10,000 n'etiti Mee na Nọvemba 1885. &lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot; /&gt; :: 135  N'otu afọ ahụ, Parsons bipụtara &quot;Dynamite! Nanị olu ndị mmegbu nke ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịghọta&quot; na Denver Labor Enquirer, nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke nkwalite nke mgbasa ozi nke omume ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 56 Na Eprel 28, 1885, Parsons na Lizzie Holmes (née Swank) duziri ngagharị iwe IWPA iji mee ngagharị iwe n'èzí oriri na Board of Trade Building, nke e wuru ọhụrụ na ọnụahịa nke $ 2 nde.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 59 &lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot; /&gt;:: 146  N'oge a, Parsons na onye mmekọ ya na-agwakarị ìgwè mmadụ 1,000 ruo 5,000 na Sunday n'ikperé mmiri nke Lake Michigan. Onye na-ahazi ọrụ Mother Jones gara ma chee na okwu ndị ahụ kwadoro ime ihe ike dị ukwuu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 60 : 60 

Na Mee 5, ụbọchị mgbe bọmbụ ahụ gasịrị, Lucy Parsons nọ n'ọfịs nke ''Arbeiter-Zeitung'' mgbe ndị uwe ojii wakporo ya n'enweghị akwụkwọ ikike ịchọ ya. Ha jidere ndị ọrụ niile gụnyere Parsons, onye otu onye uwe ojii kpọrọ &quot;nwaanyị ojii&quot;; a tọhapụrụ ya n'ebughị ebubo ebe ọ bụ na ndị uwe ojii nwere olileanya na ọ ga-eduga ha na onye mmekọ ya. N'ime ọnwa isii sochirinụ, e jidere ya obere oge ọtụtụ ugboro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Avrich|first=Paul|title=The Haymarket tragedy|date=1984|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691047119}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAvrich1984&quot;&gt;Avrich, Paul (1984). ''The Haymarket tragedy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780691047119|&lt;bdi&gt;9780691047119&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 226-227 &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;: E jidere mmadụ iri asatọ na otu ma mee nnyocha iwu na-akwadoghị na Julius S. Grinnell, onye ọka iwu Illinois nke ga-aga n'ihu na-ekpe ikpe ahụ, kwuru &quot;Bido mee ka mwakpo ahụ leba anya n'iwu mgbe e mesịrị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 84 &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter7&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jones|first=Jacqueline|title=Goddess of anarchy: The life and times of Lucy Parsons, American radical|date=2017|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York NY|isbn=978-1-5416-9726-3|chapter=Chapter 7: Bitter fruit of braggadocio|edition=e-book}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lucy Parsons kwuru na Denver Labor Enquirer mwakpo ahụ buru ibu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 85 Otu nnukwu ndị ọka ikpe mara ebubo megide ndị ikom 31 na Mee 27, gụnyere ebubo igbu ọchụ megide mmadụ iri, ndị na-akwado mgbasa ozi site na omume ahụ (gụnyere Lucy Parsons na Lizzie Holmes) ebughị ebubo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 83, 84, 87 : 83, 84, 87 

Àgwà nke ndị ọrụ US n'ebe ndị a na-ebo ebubo nọ dị mgbagwoju anya, na ụfọdụ ndị agha na-ekwupụta nkwado na ndị ọzọ na-echegbu onwe ha maka ọnwụ nke ndụ na square.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 88 &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter7&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jones|first=Jacqueline|title=Goddess of anarchy: The life and times of Lucy Parsons, American radical|date=2017|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York NY|isbn=978-1-5416-9726-3|chapter=Chapter 7: Bitter fruit of braggadocio|edition=e-book}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe Albert nọ na nzuzo, o degaara Lucy Parsons akwụkwọ ozi na-arịọ ya ka ya na ọkàiwu William P. Black kwurịta okwu ma kwurịta ọnọdụ nke inyefe onwe ya. Black gbara ya ume ka ọ kpọbata ya n'ụlọ ikpe, na-ekwere na ohere dị nta maka ikpe. Onye isi enyemaka ya William A. Foster ekwenyeghị, na-eche na ọ ka mma na Parsons nọgidere na-enwere onwe ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Avrich|first=Paul|title=The Haymarket tragedy|date=1984|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691047119}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAvrich1984&quot;&gt;Avrich, Paul (1984). ''The Haymarket tragedy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780691047119|&lt;bdi&gt;9780691047119&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 252, 254, 255 &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt;: 90 N'ụbọchị mbụ nke ikpe, Albert Parsons pụtara mgbe ya na Lucy nọrọ awa ole na ole ma nyefee onwe ya n'aka Onyeikpe Joseph Gary. : 90, 91 Mgbasa mgbasa ozi na-emegide ndị anarchist siri ike, na ''Chicago Tribune'' na-akpọ maka ogbugbu na akwụkwọ akụkọ Texas na-eleghachi anya na ihe ihere nke Parsons na-ahapụ alụmdi na nwunye ya na Oliver Benton maka Albert. The Waco Day bụ isi akụkọ &quot;Beast Parsons: mkparị na-ezighị ezi site na ụfọdụ omume ọma nke ọ na-ezo na ya; onye na-agwakọta agbụrụ, onye ogbu mmadụ, onye omekome, onye osisi na-echere&quot;. Na nzaghachi, Parsons gara leta onye ya na ya nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na onye nta akụkọ si na Tribune ma kwuo na ya na nwunye Benton nwere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya mana na ọ bụ onye dị iche na Lucy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 86, 87 &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter7&quot; /&gt;

Lucy Parsons gara ụbọchị ọ bụla nke ikpe ahụ ma nọrọ ebe ahụ mgbe a mara onye mmekọ ya, George Engel, Samuel Fielden, Adolph Fischer, Louis Lingg, Michael Schwab na August Spies ikpe Ọnwụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, o mere njem nkuzi izu asaa iji nweta ego maka ndị a na-ebo ebubo; ọ gwara ihe karịrị mmadụ 200,000 okwu n'ebe ndị dị ka Cincinnati, New York na Philadelphia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Avrich|first=Paul|title=The Haymarket tragedy|date=1984|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691047119}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAvrich1984&quot;&gt;Avrich, Paul (1984). ''The Haymarket tragedy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780691047119|&lt;bdi&gt;9780691047119&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 297, 298 &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;:: 108 &quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;105&amp;#x200A; &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter7&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jones|first=Jacqueline|title=Goddess of anarchy: The life and times of Lucy Parsons, American radical|date=2017|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York NY|isbn=978-1-5416-9726-3|chapter=Chapter 7: Bitter fruit of braggadocio|edition=e-book}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFJones2017&quot;&gt;Jones, Jacqueline (2017). &quot;Chapter 7: Bitter fruit of braggadocio&quot;. ''Goddess of anarchy: The life and times of Lucy Parsons, American radical'' (e-book&amp;nbsp;ed.). New York NY: Basic Books. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-5416-9726-3|&lt;bdi&gt;978-1-5416-9726-3&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter8&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jones|first=Jacqueline|title=Goddess of anarchy: The life and times of Lucy Parsons, American radical|date=2017|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York NY|isbn=978-1-5416-9726-3|chapter=Chapter 8: The dusky goddess of anarchy speaks her mind|edition=e-book}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na New Haven, Connecticut, o kwuru &quot;Ị nwere ike ịtụ anya na m ga-agbapụta nnukwu ire ọkụ nke dynamite ma jiri bọmbụ guzo n'ihu gị n'aka m. Ọ bụrụ na enwere nkụda mmụọ, ị nwere naanị ndị nta akụkọ nke isi obodo iji kelee ya&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 108 Ya na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Thomas J. Morgan kwurịtara okwu na nzukọ na Sheffield, Indiana, nke dị n'ofe akara steeti site na Illinois, nke mere na ndị uwe ojii Chicago enweghị ike ịkwụsị ihe omume ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot; /&gt; :: 306  Na Columbus, Ohio, e gbochiri ya ikwu okwu ma zigara ya n'Ụlọ Mkpọrọ Franklin County.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; :: 113  Mgbe ọ na-adịghị akụzi ihe, Parsons ga-eleta onye ibe ya nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, na-akpọrọ ụmụaka ahụ. Ọ kwụsịrị ụlọ ahịa ịkwa ákwà ya ma manye ezinụlọ ahụ ịpụ n'ụlọ ha dị n'okporo ámá Indiana gaa na nke ọzọ dị na Milwaukee Avenue.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot; /&gt; :: 323  Mgbe a mara ọkwa ikpe ọnwụ ya, Albert Parsons degaara nwunye ya akwụkwọ ozi &quot;Enwere m otu arịrịọ ka m mee gị: Emeghị ihe ngwa ngwa n'onwe gị mgbe m hapụrụ, mana were nnukwu ihe kpatara Socialism ebe a manyere m ịtọ ya. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot; /&gt;:: 322  E guzobere Amnesty Association ma mee ihe iji zọpụta Albert Parsons na ndị ikom isii ndị ọzọ nọ n'ọnụ ọnwụ; Lucy Parsons jiri oge ya na-anakọta ego na ịbịanye aka n'okporo ámá, na mkpọsa iji gbanwee ikpe ahụ ọbụna site na Melville onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Chicago News, onye nchịkọta akụkọ Daily, onye a mara ndị ahụ, onye nchịkọta akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Chicago, onye na-akwado ọbụna dị ka Melville News, onye na mbụ, : 337, 338 : 337, 338 

Na Thursday November 10, Gọvanọ Illinois Richard J. Oglesby mara ọkwa na a ga-egbu Parsons na mmadụ atọ ndị ọzọ n'echi ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; :: 138 &quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;134&amp;#x200A; N'ụtụtụ echi ya, Lucy Parsons kpọọrọ ụmụaka ahụ hụ ya maka oge ikpeazụ, ya na Lizzie Holmes. A na-egbochi ya ịbanye n'ụlọ mkpọrọ site na eriri ndị uwe ojii ma mgbe ọ nwara ịgafe ya, e jidere ìgwè ahụ ma kpọga ha n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii Chicago Avenue ebe a chọtara ha maka bọmbụ ma jide ha ruo elekere 15:00.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Avrich|first=Paul|title=The Haymarket tragedy|date=1984|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691047119}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAvrich1984&quot;&gt;Avrich, Paul (1984). ''The Haymarket tragedy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780691047119|&lt;bdi&gt;9780691047119&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; :: 396 , 387 E bugara igbe ozu nke Albert Parsons n'ụlọ ahịa Lucy Parsons, ebe ihe karịrị mmadụ 10,000 bịara ịsọpụrụ n'otu ụbọchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 138 Ngụkọta nke mmadụ dị n'agbata 10,000 na 15,000 bịara olili ozu na Sunday, November 13; Parsons gara n'azụ igbe ozu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot; /&gt; : 396 &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt;: 138, 140 Afọ iri abụọ ka e mesịrị, o dezigharịrị ma bipụta The famous speeches of the eight Chicago anarchists in court nke rere ihe karịrị 10,000 n'ime ọnwa 18.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gabriel&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gabriel|first=Elun|title=Performing persecution: Witnessing and martyrdom in the anarchist tradition|journal=Radical History Review|date=May 1, 2007|volume=2007|issue=98|pages=34–62|doi=10.1215/01636545-2006-026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:1886_Photo_Lucy_Parsons.jpg|alt=Three quarter length photograph of standing woman in striped dress|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Foto nke Parsons e sere na 1886]]
Mgbe emesịrị olili ozu nke onye mmekọ ya, Parsons gara n'ihu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Òtù Pioneer Aid and Support Association nyere ya ego enyemaka nke $ 12 kwa izu ma na Machị 1888 ọ gara East Coast na-ekwu okwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; :: 159 &quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;156&amp;#x200A;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;155&amp;#x200A; N'oge ntuli aka onye isi obodo Chicago nke 1887, Parsons kwadoro onye United Labor Party megide onye mmeri, [[Republican Party (United States)|Onye Republican]] John A. Roche. Roche haziri asọmpi ahụ dị ka agha dị n'etiti ọkọlọtọ US na ọkọlọtọ nke anarchism na ọchịchị Kọmunist, mgbe e mesịrị gbalịa machibido iji ọkọlọtọ na-acha ọbara ọbara na nzukọ ndị aka ekpe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; :: 121  &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter10&quot; /&gt; Parsons malitere ịrụ ọrụ na akụkọ ndụ nke o mechara bipụta dị ka The Life of Albert R. Parsons . Martin Lacher, nwa okorobịa German nke ya na ya biri site na 1889 gaa n'ihu ma mesịa ghọọ onye ọ hụrụ n'anya nyeere ya aka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 156 &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter10&quot; /&gt; N'ọnwa Ọktoba 1888, ọ gara London, ebe ọ zutere ndị anarchist Peter Kropotkin na William Morris wee gaa na Tower of London na Westminster Abbey na Jane Morris. Ọ gwara ndị Socialist League okwu ma kwenyeghị na Annie Besant, onye ndú nke ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe, n'ihe gbasara ime ihe ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 159 &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter10&quot; /&gt; Mgbe o ji ụgbọ mmiri laghachi na New York City, otu onye nta akụkọ gbara ya ajụjụ ọnụ wee kwuo na ọ na-alụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị German [[Eduard Bernstein]]. Ndị anarchist nke oge Parsons dị ka Justus Schwab katọrọ akụkọ ahụ ma ọ gọnahụrụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter10&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jones|first=Jacqueline|title=Goddess of anarchy: The life and times of Lucy Parsons, American radical|date=2017|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York NY|isbn=978-1-5416-9726-3|chapter=Chapter 10: The widow Parsons sets her course|edition=e-book}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe Parsons laghachiri Chicago na 1889, nzukọ ọhụrụ a kpọrọ Albert R. Parsons nke Knights of Labor kpọsara okwu na-abịa site n'aka ya nke akpọrọ Review of the Labor Movement in Europe. Onye isi ndị uwe ojii Chicago George W. Hubbard kpebiri ịkwụsị ihe omume ahụ ma n'ụbọchị ahụ n'onwe ya, e jidere Lacher na nwoke ọzọ ka ha na-eme ngagharị iwe maka ikike Parsons nwere ikwu okwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 161,: 183 &quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;182&amp;#x200A; Hubbard kwupụtara na &quot;ọ pụghị ikwu okwu na Chicago&quot; ma kwụsị ihe omume na-eme ugboro ugboro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter10&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jones|first=Jacqueline|title=Goddess of anarchy: The life and times of Lucy Parsons, American radical|date=2017|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York NY|isbn=978-1-5416-9726-3|chapter=Chapter 10: The widow Parsons sets her course|edition=e-book}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu afọ ahụ, Parsons bipụtara The Life of Albert R. Parsons na okwu mbido nke George Schilling.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; :: 175  Na Nọvemba 1890, a gbochiri Johann Most, Parsons na Hugh O. Pentikọst ikwu okwu na Newark, New Jersey mgbe ndị uwe ojii mechiri ụlọ nzukọ ahụ. Parsons gbalịrị ikwu okwu n'okporo ámá: e jidere ya ma boo ya ebubo na ọ na-ịkpali ọgba aghara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 182 Ọ dezigharịrị Freedom akwụkwọ akụkọ anarchist-communist kwa ọnwa site na 1891 gaa n'ihu &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt;:: 449  &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt;: 183 ma wuo ụlọ na 999 Hammond Avenue, mgbe e mesịrị North Troy Street[C] na Avondale.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Avrich|first=Paul|title=The Haymarket tragedy|date=1984|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691047119}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAvrich1984&quot;&gt;Avrich, Paul (1984). ''The Haymarket tragedy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780691047119|&lt;bdi&gt;9780691047119&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Òtù Pioneer Aid and Support Association nyeere ya aka n'ụzọ ego, mana ụfọdụ ndị otu ahụ malitere iwe maka mkpa ego ya, na-azọrọ na ọ ka na-azọ ụgwọ iji kwado nwa ya nwanyị, onye nwụrụ anwụ. Mmekọrịta ya na Lacher bụ ihe arụmụka ebe ọ bụ na ọ nọgidere na-alụ onye ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter10&quot; /&gt; N'agbanyeghị nke a, a malitere ịhụ di na nwunye ahụ ọnụ n'ihu ọha ruo mgbe mmekọrịta ha kwụsịrị ma ha gara ụlọ ikpe. Parsons boro Lacher ebubo na ọ na-eji anyụike wakpo ihe onwunwe ezinụlọ ya. O kwetara na ya mebiri arịa ụlọ ahụ mana o kwuru na ọ bụ nke ya ma kwụọ ya $ 25 na ego maka omume aghara aghara. O kwukwara na o dere ọtụtụ n'ime Life of Albert R. Parsons . [1] : 178, 179 &lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter10&quot; /&gt; Parsons jiri ọnọdụ ya dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Freedom wakpo Lacher, na-azọrọ na o zuru ego n'aka otu ìgwè dị n'ógbè ahụ ma na-achọ ịbọ ọbọ megide ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter10&quot; /&gt;

Ka Parsons na-etolite, e nwere ihe omume iji mee ememe ncheta nke Haymarket na ndị uwe ojii nọgidere na-akwụsị ya ikwu okwu na nzukọ ndị a na ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Avrich|first=Paul|title=The Haymarket tragedy|date=1984|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691047119}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAvrich1984&quot;&gt;Avrich, Paul (1984). ''The Haymarket tragedy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780691047119|&lt;bdi&gt;9780691047119&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 412, 413 &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;:: 197 &quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;198&amp;#x200A; Mgbe onye anarchist Alexander Berkman nwara igbu onye mmepụta ihe Henry Clay Frick na 1892, Parsons dere na Freedom &quot;N'akụkụ anyị anyị, anyị nwere naanị mmasị kachasị ukwuu maka dike dị ka Berkman&quot; ma ọ kwadoro ndị enyi ya Henry Bauer na [[Carl Nold]] bụ ndị e jidere maka ebubo nkata aghụghọ n'agbanyeghị na ha etinyeghị aka. A mara Berkman ikpe afọ iri abụọ na abụọ ma nye Nold na Bauer afọ ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 184, 185 N'afọ 1893, Parsons sooro onye isi obodo kwurịta okwu na ọ nwere ike ikwu okwu ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ katụghị ya ikpe, wee gaa n'ihu ma kwuo ozugbo na onye isi obodo ahụ abụghị onye ka mma karịa eze.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 192, 193 N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1896, ụlọ ya gbara ọkụ ma mebie akwụkwọ ya, ọ bụ ezie na o mechara ree akwụkwọ Anarchism: Its Philosophy and Scientific Basis na The Life of Albert R. Parsons.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 197 

Parsons dọtara mmasị na ọrụ nke Social Democracy of America, nke Eugene V. Debs duziri, wee zute Emma Goldman site na otu ahụ na 1897. Ọ bụ ezie na Goldman na-akwalite Ịhụnanya n'efu, nnwere onwe maka ụmụ nwanyị na nnwere onwe nke onye ọ bụla, Parsons (n'agbanyeghị inwe mmekọahụ na-abụghị alụmdi na nwunye na ndụ onwe ya) kwadoro ịlụ otu nwanyị, alụmdi na ụba na ịbụ nne n'ihu ọha, ọ ka kwenyere na ọ bụ isi nke ọgụ nke ndị ọrụ n'ozuzu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 200, 201 N'oge ahụ, Goldman, Parsons na Louise Michel so n'ime obere ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị ndị a ma ama n'ụwa niile dị ka ndị anarchist na ndị ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bantman&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bantman|first=Constance|title=Louise Michel's London years: A political reassessment (1890–1905)|journal=Women's History Review|date=2017|volume=26|issue=6|pages=994–1012|doi=10.1080/09612025.2017.1294393}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe Oscar Rotter dere banyere ịhụnanya n'efu na mbibi nke mmekọrịta ihe onwunwe na akwụkwọ akụkọ anarchist Free Society, Parsons ji iwe zaghachi na nkwado nke otu nwanyị na nke a dugara na esemokwu na-adịgide adịgide na Goldman, &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt;: 203, 206 onye mere mkpesa na Parsons na-ebi ndụ site na ihe nketa nke onye ya e gburu egbu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Shone&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shone|first=Steve J.|title=American anarchism|date=2013|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-04-25195-3|edition=e-book}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 75 Parsons megidere ma Agha Spain na America na Agha Philippine na America; mgbe nwa ya nwoke Albert Jr. nwara ịbanye, o tinyere ya na Northern Illinois State Mental Hospital na 1899; ọ nọgidere n'ebe ahụ maka ndụ ya fọdụrụnụ, ọ nwụrụ na 1919 n'ihi ụkwara nta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Avrich|first=Paul|title=The Haymarket tragedy|date=1984|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691047119}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAvrich1984&quot;&gt;Avrich, Paul (1984). ''The Haymarket tragedy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780691047119|&lt;bdi&gt;9780691047119&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 451 &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt;: 207, 208 : 207, 208 

== Afọ 1900 ==
[[Faịlụ:The_Liberator_(Chicago)_front_page_1905-09-10.png|alt=Black and white picture of front page of newspaper|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Peeji ihu nke September 10, 1905, mbipụta nke The Liberator]]
Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1900, Parsons bụ onye nnọchi anya Chicago maka Free Society nke ndị uwe ojii bibiri ígwè obibi akwụkwọ ya mgbe ogbugbu nke Onye isi ala William McKinley gasịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 210, 211 N'otu afọ ahụ, onye anarchist Errico Malatesta letara Parsons ma kwuo okwu n'akụkụ onye otu ọrụ Jay Fox na picnic na Memorial Day. N'afọ 1905, Parsons guzobere ndị ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ụwa (IWW) na Eugene V. Debs, Bill Haywood na Nne Jones. &lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Avrich|first=Paul|title=The Haymarket tragedy|date=1984|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691047119}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAvrich1984&quot;&gt;Avrich, Paul (1984). ''The Haymarket tragedy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780691047119|&lt;bdi&gt;9780691047119&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 451, 452 Ọ gara US na-ekwu okwu ma na-ere akwụkwọ nta, n'otu oge ahụ na-edezi akwụkwọ akụkọ The Liberator na The Alarm. Ndị uwe ojii na-egbochi ya ikwu okwu, ọkachasị na Chicago, ma ọ nọgidere na-akụzi ruo n'afọ 1920.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot; /&gt; : 452, 453 N'afọ 1912, ọ kwadoro nzukọ nke guzobere Syndicalist League of North America. Ọ bụ William Z. Foster duziri ya, onye ya na Parsons nọrọ n'oge ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;TSHA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jones|first=Jacqueline|title=Parsons, Lucy|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/parsons-lucy|work=Texas state historical association (TSHA)|accessdate=June 10, 2023|archivedate=March 28, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328174401/https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/parsons-lucy}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones-Chapter12&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jones|first=Jacqueline|title=Goddess of anarchy: The life and times of Lucy Parsons, American radical|date=2017|publisher=Basic Books|location=New York NY|isbn=978-1-5416-9726-3|chapter=Chapter 12: Tending the sacred flame of Haymarket|edition=e-book}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe Parsons kwuru okwu na njem agụụ na Jenụwarị 1915 na Chicago nke mechiri na mmadụ 1,500 na-enweghị ọrụ na ndị uwe ojii na-alụ ọgụ na nso Hull House na Halsted Street, e jidere ya na Nna Irwin St. John Tucker na mmadụ 19 ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Slug&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Women help slug police; bullets fly|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-1500-idle-riot-around-h/131031977/|accessdate=September 1, 2023|work=Chicago Daily Tribune|date=January 18, 1915|pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Russia gasịrị na 1917, Parsons gara n'ihu na ọchịchị Kọmunist. O mechara degara Carl Nold akwụkwọ na ndị Kọmunist bụ &quot;naanị ụyọkọ na-eme ngagharị iwe siri ike megide ọnọdụ ọjọọ dị ugbu a!&quot; ma kwaa arịrị na &quot;ọchịchị anarchism bụ okwu nwụrụ anwụ na ndụ America taa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Avrich|first=Paul|title=The Haymarket tragedy|date=1984|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691047119}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAvrich1984&quot;&gt;Avrich, Paul (1984). ''The Haymarket tragedy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780691047119|&lt;bdi&gt;9780691047119&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; :: 253 &quot;&gt;&amp;#x3A;&amp;#x200A;453&amp;#x200A; :: 254  Ọ sonyeere International Labor Defense na 1930, ọ gwara ọtụtụ puku mmadụ okwu na May Day (International Workers' Day) ihe omume na Ashland Auditorium na Chicago, na-ekwu okwu nke e bipụtara ọzọ na Hearings Before a Special Committee to Investigate Communist Activities na US. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 253 &lt;ref name=&quot;Zandy&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|editor=Floyd|author=Zandy|first=Janet|title=Becoming visible: Women's presence in late nineteenth-century America|date=2010|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-420-2978-1|pages=41–62|url=https://doi.org/10.1163/9789042029781_004|chapter=Dangerous working-class women: Mother Jones, Lucy Parsons, and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn|doi=10.1163/9789042029781_004}}&lt;/ref&gt;: 55 N'ịga n'ihu na asọmpi ha, Emma Goldman katọrọ ya maka ịwụli elu site n'otu ihe kpatara mgbanwe gaa na nke ọzọ. Parsons mechara sonye na Communist Party na 1939. &lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot; /&gt; : 516 &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt;: 261 : 261 

Parsons nwere Ọrịa pleurisy na 1932, na-agbake nke ọma iji gaa Chicago World's Fair n'afọ sochirinụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; :: 254  Ọ nwere nkụda mmụọ banyere òtù anarchist nke US, na-atụle ọdịda ya na ndị enyi dị ka Nord, ma ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ya, na-akwado ihe ịma aka maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi na ikpe gbasara Angelo Herndon, Tom Mooney na Scottsboro Boys.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt; : 256-258  Ọ kpuru ìsì, nweta ezumike nká ma biri na ịda ogbenye na Avondale na North Troy Street na ọbá akwụkwọ nke ihe dị ka akwụkwọ 3,000 nke gosipụtara ọrụ nke ndị Socialist French, Victor Hugo, Jack London, Marx na Engels, Rousseau, [[Leo Tolstoy]] na Voltaire. &lt;ref name=&quot;BP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=(1886) Lucy Parsons, 'I am an anarchist'|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/1886-lucy-parsons-i-am-anarchist/|work=BlackPast.org|accessdate=June 5, 2023|date=January 28, 2007|archivedate=May 26, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526231628/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/1886-lucy-parsons-i-am-anarchist/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Avrich&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Avrich|first=Paul|title=The Haymarket tragedy|date=1984|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|isbn=9780691047119}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAvrich1984&quot;&gt;Avrich, Paul (1984). ''The Haymarket tragedy''. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780691047119|&lt;bdi&gt;9780691047119&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; : 453 &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot; /&gt;: 262 : 262 

== Ọnwụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Grave_of_Lucy_Parsons_1may2015_by_IWPCHI.jpg|alt=Red roses on simple headstone which reads LUCY PARSONS 1859–1942|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ili Parsons na German Waldheim Cemetery na Forest Park, Illinois]]
N’ụbọchị ikpeazụ ya na Mee 1941, Parsons sonyeere Kọmitii Na-ahazi Ọrụ Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo dị ka onye ọbịa nri. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 91, ọ nwụrụ n'ọkụ ụlọ na March 7, 1942. [D] Onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ ogologo oge bụ George Markstall na-arịa ọrịa nke ukwuu ịhụ ka ụlọ ahụ na-ere ọkụ ma enweghị ike ịzọpụta ya; ọ nwụrụ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ ya n'echi ya.[1] : :  263   Ọ gwara Ben Reitman ka o hazie olili ya wee dee akwụkwọ ikike na 1938, hapụ ụlọ Markstall na Pioneer Aid and Support Association mgbe ọ nwụrụ. Ọ bụghị ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ ka e rere ụlọ ahụ $800 na 1943. [1]: 263, 265, 266 Ọkụ ahụ bibiri ọbá akwụkwọ ya, ma akwụkwọ ndị ahụ emebighị; Mgbe otu enyi ya gara ịgbalị inweta akwụkwọ ndị ahụ, a gwara ya na ha bụ adịgboroja. Ndị uwe ojii nọ n’ọ́bá akwụkwọ ahụ gakwuuru ya gwa ya na Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchọpụta Na-ahụ Maka Nnyocha (FBI) ejidela ha. Ndị FBI jụrụ itinye aka na akwụkwọ ndị ahụ, mgbe Reitman laghachiri Chicago Red Squad, a gwara ya na ndị FBI nwere ha; eweghachighị akwụkwọ ndị ahụ.[1] : 263, 266 Afọ mgbe e bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ, William Morris 'A na-etinye akara ngosi nke mgbanwe maka ire ere, na-ebu nraranye &quot;To Lucy E. Parsons, nke William Morris, Nov. 15th 1888&quot; na stampụ sitere na Library nke Congress na FBI.

Mmadụ 300 bịara emume akwụkwọ maka Parsons na Markstall na Machị 12. Reitman kwuru, na-akpọ ya &quot;nke ikpeazụ n'ime dinosaurs, otu ndị Chicago Anarchists nwere obi ike.&quot; E liri Parsons na German Waldheim Cemetery na Forest Park, Illinois, n'Haymarket Martyrs Monument ebe e liri di ya. E liri Voltairine nke Cleyre, Emma Goldman, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-eme ọnụ iwe n'ebe ahụ.[1] : 283 : 283
 
Onye na-eme ngagharị iwe nke Parsons bụ [[Elizabeth Gurley Flynn]] chetara ya dị ka ọkà okwu na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na onye na-eme mgbanwe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ashbaugh&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ashbaugh|first=Carolyn|title=Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary|date=1976|publisher=Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=0-88286-005-4}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAshbaugh1976&quot;&gt;Ashbaugh, Carolyn (1976). ''Lucy Parsons, American revolutionary''. Chicago: Kerr. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-88286-005-4|&lt;bdi&gt;0-88286-005-4&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; :: 265  Onye ọkà ihe ọmụma Ruth Kinna kwuru n'akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2020 Great Anarchists na a na-akpọ Parsons n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka nwunye Albert Parsons, ma ọ bụ n'ezie &quot;onye edemede nwere nkà, ọkà okwu na onye nhazi n'onwe ya&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kinna&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kinna|first=Ruth|title=Great Anarchists|publisher=Active Distribution and Dog Section Press|pages=90–100|location=Bristol; London|isbn=9781916036567|chapter=Lucy Parsons|date=November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 91 Ruo mgbe Ashbaugh dere akụkọ ndụ ya n'afọ 1976, a na-ekwukarị na Parsons n'ihe odide ala ala: n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, akụkọ banyere ọrụ ya amụbaala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guy-Sheftall&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Guy-Sheftall|first=Beverly|title=Black women's studies: The interface of women's studies and black studies|journal=Phylon|date=1992|volume=49|issue=1/2|pages=33–41|doi=10.2307/3132615|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3132615|issn=0031-8906|accessdate=June 12, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Òtù dị iche iche na-akwado aka ekpe ekwuola na ọ bụ onye isi ma kpọọ ụlọ ọrụ na-elekọta onwe ya na Boston aha ya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Sims&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sims|first=Anna|title=The rise of socialism in Boston|url=https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2019/02/22/boston-socialism/|accessdate=June 9, 2023|work=Boston Magazine|date=February 22, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka Gale Ahrens, Mary Condé, na Robin Kelley akatọọla okwu Parsons na-agbasi mbọ ike na mgba nke ndị Africa America, na-ekwusi ike na mkpa ọ dị ka ndị ọrụ bilie megide ndị were ha n'ọrụ, karịa mkpa maka ịha nhata. Otu ihe kpatara ya bụ na, ebe ọ bụ na ọ gọnahụrụ ihe nketa ojii nke ya, o lekwasịrị anya na ide nke otu ahụ.[1][2] : 70 N'ihi ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na onye isi ojii Chicago mgbe ahụ Ida Wells-Barnett, ma ọ bụ National Association of Colored Women na National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.[3][4] Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme lekwasịrị anya na njụta Parsons jụrụ usoro USB, ebe n'oge ahụ, akara ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na Albert Parsons dere, sị: &quot;A na-akpọ anyị ndị Kọmunist, ma ọ bụ ndị Socialist, ma ọ bụ Anarchists. Anyị na-anabata usoro ndị ahụ niile. &quot;[5]

Obodo Chicago guzobere ihe ịrịba ama akụkọ ihe mere eme a raara nye Parsons na di ya na 1997 n'ebe ụlọ ha dị, 1908 North Mohawk Street, na mpaghara Old Town.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Albert and Lucy Parsons Historical Marker|url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=261151|accessdate=January 28, 2025|work=www.hmdb.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mpaghara Chicago Park kpọrọ obere ebe dị na Belmont Avenue ogige &quot;Lucy Ella Gonzales Parsons&quot; n'afọ 2004, mkpebi nke Fraternal Order of Police megidere.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shone&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shone|first=Steve J.|title=American anarchism|date=2013|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=978-90-04-25195-3|edition=e-book}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 62 N'afọ 2022, a kpọrọ ụlọ ọhụrụ na Logan Square, Chicago nke nwere pasent 100 dị ọnụ ala Lucy Gonzalez Parsons Apartments.&lt;ref name=&quot;BCC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://blockclubchicago.org/2022/05/20/all-affordable-logan-square-apartment-complex-opens-after-years-of-planning-this-is-nothing-less-than-a-day-of-resurrection/|title=All-affordable Logan Square apartment complex opens after years of planning: 'This is nothing less than a day of resurrection'|first=Quinn|author=Myers|date=May 20, 2022|accessdate=August 12, 2022|archivedate=July 26, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726210530/https://blockclubchicago.org/2022/05/20/all-affordable-logan-square-apartment-complex-opens-after-years-of-planning-this-is-nothing-less-than-a-day-of-resurrection/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ ==

* {{Cite book|author=Parsons|first=Lucy E.|editor=Ahrens|title=Lucy Parsons: Freedom, equality and solidarity – writings and speeches, 1878–1937|year=2004|publisher=Charles H. Kerr|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0882863009}}
* {{Cite book|editor=Parsons|title=The famous speeches of the eight Chicago anarchists in court: When asked if they had anything to say why sentence of death should not be passed upon them - October 7, 8, and 9, 1886|date=1910|publisher=Lucy E. Parsons|location=Chicago|oclc=21042544}}
* {{Cite book|author=Parsons|first=Lucy|title=Life of Albert R. Parsons, with brief history of the labor movement in America|date=1889|publisher=L.E. Parsons|location=Chicago|oclc=1048339877}}

== Ihe edeturu ==

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
 
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      <text bytes="14808" sha1="rzqkzmcmm2i0kmk173ntxfs06omqcwx" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Tarana Burke from She's Revolutionary.jpg|thumb|Tarana Burke]]
 

Tarana Burke (amuru na Septemba 12, 1973) bu onye America si New York City onye sụrụ ụzọ na mmegharị MeToo. Na 2006, Burke malitere MeToo dị ka mmemme ntorobịa maka ụmụ akwụkwọ etiti na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na ebumnuche nke ileba anya na mmụba nke ime ihe ike ụlọ. Ihe karịrị afọ iri ka e mesịrị, na 2017, #MeToo ghọrọ viral hashtag mgbe Alyssa Milano gbara ụmụ nwanyị ume ka ha tweet okwu ndị ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ha enwetala mmekpa ahụ ma ọ bụ mbuso agha n'ihi ikpe gbasara mwakpo mmekọahụ Harvey Weinstein. Okwu na hashtag ngwa ngwa ghọrọ usoro mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi zuru oke, ma mesịa gaa ụwa.

Oge mbụ Burke, n'etiti otu ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-emeso ndị a na-akpọ &quot;ndị na-agbazinye ego,&quot; ka a na-akpọ Time Person of the Year maka 2017. Burke bịakwara aka na I. International na 2018 dị ka onye nkwado maka mgbalị ahụ ma na-eje ozi dị ka Onye isi ọhụụ.

N'afọ 2020, Mahadum Harvard bipụtara nyocha gbasara Burke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Leading with Empathy: Tarana Burke and the Making of the Me Too Movement|url=https://case.hks.harvard.edu/leading-with-empathy-tarana-burke-and-the-making-of-the-me-too-movement/|accessdate=2023-11-21|work=HKS Case Program|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Burke, onye obodo Bronx, New York, gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Katọlik na Herbert H. Lehman High School. Mmasị ya maka nhazi obodo malitere na ngwụcha afọ 1980 mgbe, dị ka nwa agbọghọ, ọ sonyeere otu nzukọ mmepe ndị ntorobịa a na-akpọ 21st Century Youth Leadership Movement. Ọ gara Mahadum steeti Alabama, ụlọ ọrụ Black nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ma mesịa gaa Mahadum Auburn na Montgomery . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vibe.com/featured/tarana-burke-me-too-feature/|title=#MeToo Founder Tarana Burke Talks Sexual Assault, Stigmas And Society|date=April 3, 2018|work=Vibe|accessdate=April 30, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/news/20180221/metoo-movement-founder-speaks-to-capacity-university-of-missouri-crowd|title=#MeToo movement founder speaks to capacity University of Missouri crowd|author=Tribune|first=Waverly Colville Columbia Daily|work=Columbia Daily Tribune|accessdate=April 30, 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ nọ na kọleji, ọ haziri nzukọ ndị nta akụkọ na ngagharị iwe lekwasịrị anya na ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Ọ butere ụzọ na-edozi okwu ndị dị ka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, enweghị nhata n'ụlọ, na ikpe ziri ezi n'ụzọ akụ na ụba.

== Ọrụ ==
Onye na-eme ngagharị iwe kemgbe 1989,  Burke kwagara Selma, Alabama, na ngwụcha afọ 1990 mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji. &lt;ref name=&quot;Philly.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/elizabeth_wellington/philly-me-too-movement-founder-tarana-burke-20171023.html|title=Tarana Burke: Me Too movement can't end with a hashtag|first=Elizabeth|last=Wellington|work=Philly.com|date=October 23, 2017|access-date=April 30, 2018|archive-date=May 8, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508044806/http://www.philly.com/philly/columnists/elizabeth_wellington/philly-me-too-movement-founder-tarana-burke-20171023.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ya na ndị lanarịrị [[Sexual violence|ime ihe ike mmekọahụ]] rụchara ọrụ, Burke mepụtara ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru &quot;Just Be Inc&quot; na 2003, nke bụ mmemme ụmụ agbọghọ niile maka ụmụ agbọghọ ojii dị afọ 12 ruo 18. N'afọ 2006, Burke guzobere òtù MeToo wee malite iji ahịrịokwu &quot;Me Too&quot; mee ka a mara banyere mmetọ mmekọahụ na mwakpo na ọha mmadụ.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/people/tarana-burke|title=Tarana Burke|work=Biography|language=en-us|accessdate=April 30, 2018|archivedate=April 22, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422054552/https://www.biography.com/people/tarana-burke}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 2008, ọ kwagara Philadelphia ma rụọ ọrụ na Art Sanctuary Philadelphia na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na-abụghị uru. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.phillymag.com/news/2017/12/06/metoo-movement-tarana-burke/|title=The Woman Who Began the #MeToo Movement Was a Philly Activist|date=December 6, 2017|work=[[Philadelphia Magazine]]|accessdate=January 4, 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ maka ihe nkiri Hollywood nke afọ 2014 &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwWg&quot;&gt;Selma&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, nke dabeere na njem ntuli aka Selma na Montgomery nke afọ 1965 nke [[James Bevel]], Hosea Williams, [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]] na John Lewis duziri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2018/biz/news/celebrities-bring-activists-golden-globes-emma-watson-meryl-streep-laura-dern-1202655789/|title=Emma Stone, Meryl Streep, Laura Dern to Be Accompanied by Activists at Golden Globes|author=Nyren|first=Erin|date=January 7, 2018|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|accessdate=January 11, 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://collider.com/selma-production-starts/|title=Production Begins on Paramount's Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Biopic, SELMA, Starring David Oyelowo|author=Trumbore|first=Dave|date=May 20, 2014|accessdate=May 30, 2014|work=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Burke bụ onye isi nduzi na Girls for Gender Equity . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ggenyc.org/about/staff/|title=Girls for Gender Equity|accessdate=October 30, 2017|archivedate=December 1, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042927/http://www.ggenyc.org/about/staff/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Burke bụ ọkà okwu a ma ama n'ọtụtụ ihe omume ọha na eze gafee mba ahụ. Burke bipụtara akwụkwọ abụọ kachasị mma na New York Times: You Are Your Best Thing: Vulnerability, Shame Resilience, and the Black Experience (nke ya na Brené Brown dere maka Random House, Eprel 2021)  na Unbound: My Story of Liberation and the Birth of the Me Too Movement (Flatiron Books, Septemba 2021). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=You Are Your Best Thing: 9780593243626 {{!}} PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/676547/you-are-your-best-thing-by-edited-by-tarana-burke-and-brene-brown/|accessdate=April 9, 2021|work=PenguinRandomhouse.com|language=en-US|archivedate=April 22, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422180502/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/676547/you-are-your-best-thing-by-edited-by-tarana-burke-and-brene-brown/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Unbound: My Story of Liberation and the Birth of the Me Too Movement|url=https://www.brooklinebooksmith.com/book/9781250621733|accessdate=April 9, 2021|work=brookline booksmith|language=en|archivedate=September 25, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925093137/https://www.brooklinebooksmith.com/book/9781250621733}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị ==

=== Naanị bụrụ Inc. ===
N'afọ 1997, Burke zutere nwa agbọghọ aha ya bụ Heaven na Alabama onye gwara ya banyere mmetọ mmekọahụ nke enyi nwoke nne ya. Ọ na-ekwu na ọ maghị ihe ọ ga-ekwu, ọ hụtụbeghịkwa nwa agbọghọ ahụ ọzọ. Ọ na-ekwu na ọ chọrọ ka o kwuo &quot;mụkwa.&quot; Burke ekwuola na ọ bịara kwere na ụmụ agbọghọ chọrọ &quot;nlebara anya dị iche&quot; karịa ndị ọgbọ ha nwoke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Just Be Organization: Our Board|url=http://justbeinc.wixsite.com/justbeinc/board|work=Just Be Inc.|accessdate=May 2, 2019|archivedate=July 31, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731024125/https://justbeinc.wixsite.com/justbeinc/board}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe omume a na ihe ndị ọzọ mere mere ka Burke guzobe Just Be Inc., otu nzukọ na-akwalite ahụike nke ụmụ agbọghọ dị afọ 12-18. N'afọ 2006, o mere MySpace page.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ohlheiser|first=Abby|title=The woman behind 'Me Too' knew the power of the phrase when she created it — 10 years ago|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2017/10/19/the-woman-behind-me-too-knew-the-power-of-the-phrase-when-she-created-it-10-years-ago/|accessdate=December 11, 2017|work=Washington Post|date=October 19, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://justbeinc.wixsite.com/justbeinc/the-me-too-movement-cmml|title=justbeinc|publisher=Justbeinc.wixsite.com|accessdate=November 28, 2017|archivedate=November 30, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130003643/http://justbeinc.wixsite.com/justbeinc/the-me-too-movement-cmml}}&lt;/ref&gt; Just Be Inc. natara Onyinye mbụ ya na 2007. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2017 Burke bụ Onye isi nchịkwa nke Girls for Gender Equity na [[Brooklyn]], nke na-agba mbọ inyere ụmụ agbọghọ na-acha uhie uhie aka ịbawanye mmepe ha n'ozuzu site na mmemme na klas dị iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ggenyc.org/about/mission-vision/|title=Girls for Gender Equity|accessdate=January 5, 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ggenyc.org/2017/12/silence-breakers-like-gges-tarana-burke-named-time-person-of-the-year/|title='Silence Breakers' Like GGE's Tarana Burke named TIME Person of the Year|work=Girls for Gender Equity|accessdate=January 5, 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:2018_Disobedience_Awards_at_the_MIT_Media_Lab_(44348553020).jpg|thumb|2018 Disobedience Awards na MIT Media Lab. Sherry Marts, BethAnn McLaughlin na Tarana Burke]]
N'afọ 2006, Burke guzobere òtù MeToo wee malite iji ahịrịokwu &quot;Me Too&quot; mee ka a mara banyere mmetọ mmekọahụ na mwakpo na ọha mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/people/tarana-burke|title=Tarana Burke|work=Biography|language=en-us|accessdate=April 30, 2018|archivedate=April 22, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422054552/https://www.biography.com/people/tarana-burke}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/us/me-too-movement-tarana-burke.html|title=The Woman Who Created #MeToo Long Before Hashtags|author=Garcia|first=Sandra E.|date=October 20, 2017|accessdate=October 30, 2017|archivedate=December 6, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206053923/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/20/us/me-too-movement-tarana-burke.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Okwu a bụ &quot;Mụ onwe m&quot; bụ okwu sara mbara nke sochiri iji #MeToo na 2017 dị ka hashtag na-esochi ebubo mwakpo mmekọahụ Harvey Weinstein. N'October 2017, onye na-eme ihe nkiri Alyssa Milano gbara ụmụ nwanyị ume ka ha kwuo &quot;Mụ onwe m&quot; ma ọ bụrụ na ha enwetala nsogbu ma ọ bụ enweghị ọrụ, na hashtag ngwa ngwa ghọrọ ihe na-emekarị. Milano na Burke jiri okwu ahụ mee ihe ngwa ngwa na Twitter, na-ede &quot;Amụtara m banyere mmegharị #MeToo mbụ, ọ bụkwa ihe na-agbawa obi ma na-akpali akpali&quot;. [1] [2] Burke akwadola hashtag #MeToo. [1][3]

''Oge'' kpọrọ Burke, n'etiti otu ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-eme ihe na ndị lanarịrị mmetọ mmekọahụ a kpọrọ &quot;ndị na-emebi mkpọtụ&quot;, dị ka Onye Oge nke Afọ maka afọ 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Mmekọrịta okwu ya gụnyere Mahadum Brown na Febụwarị 2018 na Calvary Episcopal Church (Pittsburgh) banyere mgbọrọgwụ nke òtù ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.publicsource.org/tarana-burke-talks-to-a-pittsburgh-crowd-about-the-roots-of-metoo-and-her-response-to-its-viral-takeoff/|title=Tarana Burke talks to Pittsburgh crowd about the roots of #MeToo and her response to its viral takeoff|date=February 7, 2018|accessdate=May 3, 2022|archivedate=May 23, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523001243/https://www.publicsource.org/tarana-burke-talks-to-a-pittsburgh-crowd-about-the-roots-of-metoo-and-her-response-to-its-viral-takeoff/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2021, Burke bipụtara akwụkwọ ncheta na-akọwa mmekọrịta ya na ahụmịhe ya na [[James Bevel|ndị isi nke òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ]] nke akpọrọ: Unbound: My Story of Liberation and the Birth of the Me Too Movement . &lt;ref name=&quot;unbound_nyt&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kantor|first=Jodi|title=The Surprising Origins of #MeToo|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/10/books/tarana-burke-unbound-metoo.html|accessdate=October 22, 2021|work=New York Times|date=September 10, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://static.macmillan.com/static/fib/unbound/|title=Unbound by Tarana Burke — Flatiron Books|date=September 14, 2021|isbn=9781250621733|author=Burke|first=Tarana|publisher=Flatiron Books|accessdate=October 22, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ na onyinye ==

* 2017: ''Time,'' &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mw7w&quot;&gt;Time&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Person of the Year&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/metoo-movement-founder-tarana-burke-donald-trump-time-person-of-year-2017-12|title=The woman behind the #MeToo movement on why she would never meet with Trump|work=Business Insider|accessdate=December 28, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018 ''Time'', ''100 Most Influential People of 2018''
* 2018: The Ridenhour Prizes, The Ridenhour Prize for Courage&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2018 / Tarana Burke {{!}} Ridenhour.org|url=https://www.ridenhour.org/2018-tarana-burke/|accessdate=2023-02-21|work=www.ridenhour.org|archivedate=February 21, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221180212/https://www.ridenhour.org/2018-tarana-burke/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018: SheKnows Media, the VOTY (Voices of the Year) Catalyst Award&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://conferences.blogher.com/news/2018/1/24/announcing-the-2018-voices-of-the-year|title=Announcing the 2018 Voices of the Year|work=BlogHer|accessdate=October 30, 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019: Trailblazer Award winner&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-03-06|title=Exclusive: Watch #MeToo Founder Tarana Burke's Uplifting Speech from VH1 Trailblazer Honors|url=https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/tv-movies/a26721553/vh1-trailblazer-honors-tarana-burke-speech/|accessdate=2023-02-21|work=Oprah Daily|language=en-us|archivedate=February 21, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221180221/https://www.oprahdaily.com/entertainment/tv-movies/a26721553/vh1-trailblazer-honors-tarana-burke-speech/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2022: [[BBC 100 Women]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1|accessdate=2022-12-10|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|archivedate=December 7, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207131215/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* MeToo Movement
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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      <text bytes="32761" sha1="m625sjzj1yetkzllmglvkjp0kewew8r" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Tracy Chapman 3.jpg|thumb|Tracy Chapman]]
 

Tracy Chapman (amuru May 30, 1964) bu onye America na-ede ukwe. Bob Krasnow bịanyere aka na ya na Elektra Records na 1987. [1] N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ wepụtara album mpụta mbụ ya, Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute na-aga nke ọma nke azụmahịa, bụ nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ndekọ America kwadoro 6 × platinum. Ndekọ a nwetara nhọpụta isii Grammy Award, gụnyere atọ maka Album nke Afọ, na-emeri atọ n'ime ha: Best Artist New, Best Female Pop Vocal Performance maka otu &quot;Ọsọ ọsọ&quot;, na Best Contemporary Folk Album. Na 2025, akara ahụ gụnyere ọba na katalọgụ mba ya.

N'afọ 1989, o wepụtara album ya nke abụọ, Crossroads, nke nwetara nhọpụta Grammy Award ọzọ maka Album Folk Contemporary kacha mma. Album ya nke atọ, Matters of the Heart, sochiri na 1992. album ya nke anọ, New Beginning, ewepụtara na 1995 ma bụrụkwa ihe ịga nke ọma ọzọ n'ụwa niile. Ndị RIAA kwadoro ya 5 × platinum ma gosipụta egwu bụ &quot;Nye M Otu Ihe&quot;, nke nwetara ya nhọpụta Grammy Award maka Best Rock Song. 

Afọ ise ga-agafe tupu ewepụta album ya nke ise, Akụkọ Akụkọ (2000). Ka mmiri ozuzo na ebe ị bi na-esote na 2002 na 2005, n'otu n'otu. E wepụtara album studio ya na nso nso a, Our Bright Future, na 2008. E wepụtara album nchịkọta, Greatest Hits, na 2015. Na 2023, Chapman ghọrọ onye mbụ na-ese ihe nkiri ojii iji nweta ọnụ ọgụgụ mba nke otu obodo, na iji nweta mmeri nke National Music Association Award for Song of the Year, mgbe Luke Combs kpuchiri egwu ya &quot;Ụgbọala Ọsọ&quot;.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Chapman na Cleveland, Ohio, na nne ya, bụ onye na-egwu egwu ukulele nke mbụ, kpọgara ya akwụkwọ mgbe ọ dị afọ atọ.[1] Ndị mụrụ ya gbara alụkwaghịm mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ.[2] Ọ malitere ịmụ egwu na ide abụ mgbe ọ dị obere. Ọ na-ekwu na ihe nkiri Hee Haw nwere ike imetụta ụdị egwu ya.[3] N'obodo ya bụ Cleveland, a kpagburu ya na mmegide ugboro ugboro n'oge ntorobịa ya.[4]

A zụlitere ya dị ka onye Baptist, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Episcopal &lt;ref name=&quot;Ado&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Martin|first=Michel|url=https://www.npr.org/2009/08/20/112056043/without-further-ado-songstress-tracy-chapman-returns?ft=1&amp;f=1003|title=Without Further Ado, Songster Tracy Chapman Returns|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=August 20, 2009|accessdate=July 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma nabata ya na mmemme A Better Chance, nke na-akwado ụmụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọrịtandrị kọleji dị anya site na obodo ha. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Wooster School na [[Kónétíkùt|Connecticut]] wee gaa Mahadum Tufts, na-amụ gbasara ụmụ mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;biog&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/biography-by-nigel-williamson-2001/|author=Williamson|first=Nigel|authorlink=Nigel Williamson|title=Tracy Chapman's Biography|work=About-Tracy-Chapman.net|date=March 11, 2008|accessdate=July 21, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819151933/http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/biography-by-nigel-williamson-2001/|archivedate=August 19, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ambio&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.spin.com/2019/08/tracy-chapman-self-titled-july-1988-interview/|title=Tracy Chapman: Our 1988 Interview|work=Spin|date=August 18, 2019|accessdate=July 7, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Tufts, ọ na-agba bọọlụ n'ebe ndị dị nso, gụnyere Harvard Square na MBTA Red Line.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2003-02-23|title=Tracy Chapman: On snakes, faith and busking for food|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/tracy-chapman-on-snakes-faith-and-busking-for-food-120277.html|accessdate=2022-06-13|work=The Independent|language=en|archivedate=June 13, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613204530/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/tracy-chapman-on-snakes-faith-and-busking-for-food-120277.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rosenwald|first=Michael S.|title=To Chapman, underground music is pure performance|date=November 26, 2003|url=https://archive.boston.com/news/local/articles/2003/11/26/to_chapman_underground_music_is_pure_performance/|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|accessdate=2022-06-13|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chapman dekọrọ ihe ngosi nke egwu na ụlọ ọrụ redio Tufts University, WMFO, maka ebumnuche nwebisiinka mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Tufts, iji gbanwere ikike ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ịkpọ egwu ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;rollingstone&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-best-albums-of-the-eighties-20110418/tracy-chapman-tracy-chapman-19691231|title=100 Best Albums of the Eighties: Tracy Chapman, 'Tracy Chapman'|publisher=Rolling Stone|date=November 16, 1989|accessdate=January 25, 2024|archivedate=July 12, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712062558/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-best-albums-of-the-eighties-20110418/tracy-chapman-tracy-chapman-19691231}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Chapman mere ihe ngosi izizi ya dị ka onye mmeghe maka onye ọsụ ụzọ Egwú ụmụ nwanyị Linda Tillery na Boston's Strand Theatre na Mee 3, 1985. &lt;ref name=&quot;McLaughlin&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=McLaughlin|first=Jeff|date=May 1, 1985|title=Linda Tillery's 'healing music'|work=[[The Boston Globe]]|page=78}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwa akwụkwọ ọzọ nke Tufts, Brian Koppelman, nụrụ ka ọ na-akpọ egwu ma mee ka nna ya, Charles Koppelman mara ya, na-egosi ya teepu ngosi ọ si na ụlọ ọrụ redio kọleji ya bubata nke nwere abụ &quot;Talkin' 'bout a Revolution&quot;. Charles Koppelman, onye na-elekọta SBK Publishing, bịanyere aka na ya na 1986. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Tufts na 1987, o nyeere ya aka ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta na Elektra Records.&lt;ref name=&quot;ambio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Erlewine|first=Stephen Thomas|authorlink=Stephen Thomas Erlewine|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/tracy-chapman-mn0000016281#biography|title=Tracy Chapman|work=[[AllMusic|All Music Guide]]|accessdate=January 25, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;rollingstone&quot;/&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Tracy-Chapman_1988_by_Zoran_Veselinovic.jpg|thumb|Chapman na Budapest, Hungary, 1988]]
Na Elektra, ọ tọhapụrụ ''Tracy Chapman'' (1988).  A nabatara abọm ahụ nke ọma, &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; ọ malitekwara ịgagharị ma wuo ndị na-akwado ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.hotpress.com/music/day-1988-tracy-chapman-starts-three-week-run-no-1-eponymous-debut-album-22778696|title=On this day in 1988: Tracy Chapman starts a three-week run at No. 1 with her eponymous debut album|first=Peter|author=Murphy|work=Hotpress|accessdate=April 7, 2020|archivedate=November 3, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103083257/https://www.hotpress.com/music/day-1988-tracy-chapman-starts-three-week-run-no-1-eponymous-debut-album-22778696}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Fast Car&quot; malitere ịrị elu ya na chaatị US n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ rụchara ya na telivishọn Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute concert na Wembley Stadium na London na June 1988. N'egwuregwu ahụ, ọ malitere ime obere oge n'ehihie, mana ọ ruru ndị na-ege ntị ka ukwuu mgbe ọ nọ na nkeji ikpeazụ maka Stevie Wonder, onye nwere nsogbu teknụzụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Clayton|first=Richard|date=2016-09-26|title=The Life of a Song: 'Fast Car'|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=https://www.ft.com/content/d6ce495a-81bb-11e6-8e50-8ec15fb462f4|accessdate=2022-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Springer|first=Jacqueline|date=June 12, 2018|title=BBC Radio 4 – Front Row, Tracy Chapman: remembering her remarkable debut 30 years on|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p069w23s|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=BBC|language=en-GB|archivedate=March 21, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321102239/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p069w23s}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ekwu na ọ pụtara na ọ na-eme ka ahịa nke otu na abọm dị ngwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Clayton-Lea|first=Tony|title=Tracy Chapman: 'Being in the public eye is uncomfortable for me'|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/tracy-chapman-being-in-the-public-eye-is-uncomfortable-for-me-1.2433200|accessdate=2022-03-21|work=[[The Irish Times]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Fast Car&quot; ghọrọ No. 6 pop hit na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwxA&quot;&gt;Billboard&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Hot 100 maka izu na-agwụ na August 27, 1988.  Rolling Stone weputara egwu ahụ na ọnụọgụ 167 na ndepụta ha nke 2010 nke &quot;The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time&quot;. &quot;Talkin' 'bout a Revolution&quot;, nke sochiri &quot;Fast Car&quot;, depụtara na No. 75 ma soro ya &quot;Baby Can I Hold You&quot;, nke ruru na No. 48. &lt;ref name=&quot;grammys.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tracy Chapman|url=https://www.grammy.com/artists/tracy-chapman/878|accessdate=July 1, 2023|publisher=[[The Recording Academy]]|archivedate=July 5, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705013758/https://www.grammy.com/artists/tracy-chapman/878}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abọm ahụ rere nke ọma, na-aga ọtụtụ platinum  ma merie Grammy Awards atọ, gụnyere nsọpụrụ maka ya dị ka Best New Artist . &lt;ref name=&quot;grammys.com&quot; /&gt; Ka e mesịrị na 1988 ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Amnesty International Human Rights Now! Njem.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tracy-chapman-on-her-own-terms-60993/ |title=Tracy Chapman: On Her Own Terms |first=Steve |last=Pond |date=September 22, 1988 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |access-date=March 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015233243/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/tracy-chapman-on-her-own-terms-60993/ |archive-date=October 15, 2019 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Abọm ya na-esote, Crossroads (1989), enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa karịa nke mbụ ya, mana ọ ka nwetara ọkwa platinum na US. N'afọ 1992, o wepụtara Matters of the Heart .  Abọm ya nke anọ, New Beginning (1995), gosipụtara ihe ịga nke ọma, na-ere ihe karịrị nde ise na US naanị.&lt;ref name=&quot;riaa&quot; /&gt; Abọm ahụ gụnyere egwu egwu &quot;Give Me One Reason&quot;, nke meriri Grammy nke 1997 maka Best Rock Song wee bụrụ egwu ya kachasị nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na US ruo ugbu a, na-arị elu na No. 3 na ''Billboard'' Hot 100, &lt;ref name=&quot;riaa&quot;&gt;{{cite certification |region=United States |certyear=2021 |artist=Tracy Chapman}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma na-aga Platinum. E wepụtara abọm ya nke ise, Telling Stories, n'afọ 2000, ma mesịa bụrụ ọla edo.&lt;ref name=&quot;riaa&quot; /&gt; O weputara abọm nke isii ya, Let It Rain, n'afọ 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2002/oct/18/popandrock.artsfeatures5|title=CD: Tracy Chapman, Let It Rain|date=October 18, 2002|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ American Conservatory Theater nyere ya ọrụ ide egwu maka mmepụta nke Athol Fugard's Blood Knot, egwuregwu banyere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na South Africa, nke emere na mbido afọ 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Zack|first=Jessica Werner|title=A Guiding Hopefulness: An Interview with Tracy Chapman on ''Blood Knot''|publisher=American Conservatory Theater|url=https://www.act-sf.org/content/dam/act/education_department/words_on_plays/Blood%20Knot%20Words%20on%20Plays%20(2008).pdf|pages=28–30|accessdate=July 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Atlantic Records wepụtara abọm studio ya nke asatọ, Our Bright Future (2008). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dailyvoice.com/connecticut/danbury/neighbors/happy-birthday-to-danburys-tracy-chapman/441215/|title=Happy Birthday To Danbury's Tracy Chapman|date=March 30, 2014|work=Danbury Daily Voice|accessdate=January 12, 2022|archivedate=January 12, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112230358/https://dailyvoice.com/connecticut/danbury/neighbors/happy-birthday-to-danburys-tracy-chapman/441215/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abọm ahụ mere ka a họpụta ya na Grammy maka Best Contemporary Folk Album n'afọ sochirinụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;grammys.com&quot;/&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Photograph of Tracy Chapman and Eric Clapton Performing at a White House Special Olympics Dinner - DPLA - 95f7de6b7052d279d6d726552ea0ca25.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Chapman na Eric Clapton n'elu ikpo okwu na White House Special dinner Olympics, December 1998]]
A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu 2014 Sundance Film Festival U.S. Documentary jury. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Tracy-Chapman-Dana-Stevens-Bryan-Singer-Max-Mayer-and-More-Among-2014-Sundance-Film-Festival-Jurors-20140109|title=Tracy Chapman, Dana Stevens, Bryan Singer, Max Mayer and More Among 2014 Sundance Film Festival Jurors|work=[[BroadwayWorld]]|date=January 9, 2014|accessdate=July 21, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721195529/https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Tracy-Chapman-Dana-Stevens-Bryan-Singer-Max-Mayer-and-More-Among-2014-Sundance-Film-Festival-Jurors-20140109|archivedate=July 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ &quot;Stand By Me&quot; nke Ben E. King n'otu n'ime ihe omume ikpeazụ nke ''Late Show na David Letterman'' na Eprel 2015. Egwuregwu ahụ ghọrọ ihe na-ewu ewu ma bụrụ ihe a na-elekwasị anya na akụkọ akụkọ dị iche iche gụnyere ụfọdụ site na ''Billboard'' na The Huffington Post.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Pitney|first=Nico|authorlink=Nico Pitney|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/tracy-chapman-stand-by-me_n_7192080|title=Tracy Chapman Singing 'Stand By Me' Will Break Your Heart|work=[[HuffPost]]|date=June 12, 2015|accessdate=July 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Tracy_Chapman_at_TED_conference_2007_by_jurvetson.jpg|alt=Chapman clapping and smiling|thumb|Chapman na 2007]]
On November 20, 2015, she released ''Greatest Hits'', consisting of 18 tracks including the live version of &quot;Stand by Me&quot;. The album is her first global compilation release.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/tracy-chapman-greatest-hits-2015/|title=Tracy Chapman Greatest Hits releases on November 20, 2015|publisher=About Tracy Chapman|date=October 16, 2015|accessdate=July 21, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721201055/http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/tracy-chapman-greatest-hits-2015/|archivedate=July 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to better sources. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;better&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;source&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2018, ọ gbara onye rapper Nicki Minaj akwụkwọ maka mmebi iwu nwebiisinka, na-ebo ebubo na Minaj debara abụ ya &quot;Baby Enwere m ike ijide gị&quot;.[1] Chapman kwuru na ọ 'gọrọ agọọ ugboro ugboro' ikike ka edoro ya akwụkwọ akụkọ &quot;Baby Can I Jide Gị&quot;. Okwu ikpe ahụ kwuru na Minaj mebiri ikike nwebiisinka ya (a) site n'ịme abụ &quot;Apology&quot; na (b) site n'ikesa ya; ọ rịọrọ ka e nye iwu ka ọ gbochie Minaj ikiri egwu ahụ. Dị ka ikpe ahụ si kwuo, Chapman nwere ikike zuru oke nke egwu ahụ. Na Septemba 2020, onye ọka ikpe mpaghara US Virginia A. Phillips kpebiri ịkwado Minaj na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbụ, na-ekwupụta na ojiji Minaj ji abụ Chapman bụ iji ezi ihe eji ụfọdụ ihe nwebiisinka eme ihe.[2] Otú ọ dị, ọkàikpe ahụ kwuru na a ga-achụpụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke abụọ nke ikpe ahụ. Na Jenụwarị 2021, ebibiri akwụkwọ ikpe ahụ ka Minaj gbara Chapman akwụkwọ maka $450,000.[3]

Na mbido ntuli aka onye isi ala nke United States nke afọ 2020, ọ rụrụ &quot;Talkin' 'bout a Revolution' na ''Late Night na Seth Meyers'', na-agba ndị mmadụ ume ịtụ vootu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-11-03|title=Tracy Chapman makes rare TV appearance as she urges Americans to vote|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/tracy-chapman-seth-meyers-performance-vote-us-election-b1554908.html|accessdate=2022-04-05|work=The Independent|language=en|archivedate=April 5, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405163147/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/tracy-chapman-seth-meyers-performance-vote-us-election-b1554908.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe Luke Combs' version of her song &quot;Fast Car&quot; hit number one on the Country Airplay chart in July 2023, Chapman ghọrọ Black woman mbụ na-enweta a country number one with a solo composition. Na 57th Annual Country Music Association Awards na Nọvemba 2023, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị ojii mbụ weghaara CMA Award, merie Song of the Year maka &quot;Fast Car&quot;, nke mekwara ka ọ bụrụ onye edemede egwu ojii mbụ meriri ihe nrite ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Yahr|first=Emily|date=2023-11-09|title=CMA Awards 2023: Complete list of winners, best and worst moments|language=en-US|work=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/2023/11/09/cma-awards-2023-best-worst-moments/|accessdate=2023-11-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cma&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ives|first=Mike|date=2023-11-09|title=35 Years After Its Debut, Tracy Chapman's 'Fast Car' Wins a Song of the Year Award|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/arts/music/tracy-chapman-cma-awards-fast-car.html|accessdate=2023-11-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge 66th Grammy Awards na Febụwarị 4, 2024, ọ sonyeere Combs n'elu ikpo okwu iji bụrụ &quot;Fast Car&quot;.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Flam|first=Charna|date=4 February 2024|title=Tracy Chapman Delivers Rare 'Fast Car' Performance with Luke Combs at 2024 Grammys|url=https://people.com/2024-grammys-luke-combs-and-tracy-chapman-perform-duet-of-fast-car-at-2024-grammy-awards-8558351|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205033248/https://people.com/2024-grammys-luke-combs-and-tracy-chapman-perform-duet-of-fast-car-at-2024-grammy-awards-8558351|archivedate=5 February 2024|accessdate=5 February 2024|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị ọha na eze ==
Chapman na-etinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọha mmadụ. N'ajụjụ ọnụ 2009 na National Public Radio, o kwuru, sị, &quot;M na-abịakwute m site n'ọtụtụ òtù na ọtụtụ ndị na-achọ ka m kwado mgbalị ọrụ ebere ha dị iche iche n'ụzọ ụfọdụ. M na-ele anya na arịrịọ ndị ahụ na m na-agbalị ime ihe m nwere ike ime. Na enwere m ụfọdụ ọdịmma onwe onye, n'ozuzu mmasị na ikike mmadụ. Nkwuwapụta Ụwa Nile nke Human Rights na Amnesty International na-asọpụrụ ndị ọchịchị Africa.[2] N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Nelson Mandela ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. 70th birthday, ihe omume nke welitere ego maka South Africa Anti-Apartheid Movement na ọtụtụ ọrụ ebere ụmụaka. a duet na Luciano Pavarotti's &quot;Baby M Pụrụ ijide Gị n'abalị a&quot;[4] N'afọ 2004, ọ rụrụ ma mee na mmemme AIDS/LifeCycle.

Ọ na-etinye aka na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị nke Cleveland, na-emepụta vidiyo egwu agụmakwụkwọ na-egosipụta ihe ndị a rụzuru n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Africa na America. Ọ kwadoro &quot;Crossroads in Black History&quot;, asọmpi edemede maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Cleveland na obodo ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=School Uses Video To Teach Black History|journal=Curriculum Review|year=1990|volume=29|issue=8|pages=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ natara nzere doctorate na Mahadum Saint Xavier dị na Chicago na 1997. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sxu.edu/student-life/events/commencement/previous-honorary-degree-recipients.asp|title=Previous honorary degree recipients|publisher=Saint Xavier University|accessdate=July 21, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721195528/https://www.sxu.edu/student-life/events/commencement/previous-honorary-degree-recipients.asp|archivedate=July 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2004, e nyere ya nzere doctorate na Fine Arts site n'aka alma mater ya, Mahadum Tufts, na-amata mkpebi ya maka ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Commencement Speaker Announced|url=http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2004-tracy-chapman-doctor-of-fine-arts/|work=E-News|publisher=Tufts University|date=May 23, 2004|accessdate=July 21, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721195528/http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2004-tracy-chapman-doctor-of-fine-arts/|archivedate=July 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2023, ndị isi ala South Africa mara ọkwa na a ga-enye Chapman na ndị ọzọ National Order - The Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo nke &quot;na-amata ndị mba ọzọ a ma ama maka ọbụbụenyi egosiri South Africa. Ya mere, ọ bụ Order of peace, cooperation and active expression of solidarity and support&quot;. E nyere ya Silver &quot;maka enyemaka ya na ọgụ maka nnwere onwe site na Ntinye aka na mgbalị iji tọhapụ Nelson Mandela na ịkwalite mmata banyere mmebi ikike mmadụ n'ememe n'ụwa niile&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Announcement of the 2023 National Order Awards nominated names by Director-General of The Presidency, Phindile Baleni|url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/announcement-2023-national-order-awards-nominated-names-director-general-presidency,-phindile-baleni|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418064745/https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/announcement-2023-national-order-awards-nominated-names-director-general-presidency%2C-phindile-baleni|archivedate=April 18, 2023|date=April 16, 2023|accessdate=April 20, 2023|publisher=Presidency of South Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ememe n'April 28, 2023

Chapman na-emekarị ihe omume ebere dịka Make Poverty History, AmfAR, na AIDS / LifeCycle. Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fleming&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/oct/31/tracy-chapman-women-pop-usa|title=Amy Fleming on Tracy Chapman, the quiet revolutionary|first=Amy|author=Fleming|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=October 31, 2008|accessdate=March 13, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ọ bụ ezie na Chapman ekwughị n'ihu ọha banyere mmasị mmekọahụ ya, onye edemede Alice Walker kwuru na ya na Chapman nọ na mmekọrịta ịhụnanya n'etiti afọ ndị 1990. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wajid|first=Sara|authorlink=Sara Wajid|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/dec/15/gender.world|title=No retreat|work=[[The Guardian|Guardian]]|date=December 15, 2006|accessdate=July 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Brownworth&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Brownworth|first=Victoria A.|date=February 15, 2024|title=Tracy Chapman, Valentine's Day and the subversive stories of our lives|url=https://epgn.com/2024/02/15/tracy-chapman-valentines-day-and-the-subversive-stories-of-our-lives/|work=Philadelphia Gay News|accessdate=July 23, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chapman na-enwe nkewa siri ike n'etiti ndụ onwe ya na nke ọrụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2002-10-15|title=2002 - Tracy Chapman still introspective?|url=https://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2002-tracy-chapman-still-introspective/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090823000412/http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2002-tracy-chapman-still-introspective/|archivedate=2009-08-23|accessdate=2024-02-06|work=About Tracy Chapman|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Enwere m ndụ ọha na eze nke bụ ndụ ọrụ m ma enwere m ndụ onwe m&quot;, ka o kwuru. &quot;N'ụzọ ụfọdụ, mkpebi nke idebe ihe abụọ ahụ dị iche na-emetụta ọrụ m na-eme. &quot;  Chapman bi na San Francisco. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/06/arts/music/tracy-chapman-career.html|title=Where Has Tracy Chapman Been? Her Grammys Triumph Has Fans Wondering|work=The New York Times|date=February 6, 2024|first=Ben|author=Sisario|accessdate=March 25, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Nketa ==
A gụrụ otu okporo ámá aha Tracy Chapman na Saint-Jean-d'Heurs, obodo ime obodo nke [[France]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://adresse.data.gouv.fr/carte-base-adresse-nationale?id=63364_jfm4sm#45.809850_3.447200_15.61|title=Rue Tracy Chapman: Saint-Jean-d'Heurs (63364)|work=data.gouv.fr|date=October 8, 2023|accessdate=June 2, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkọwapụta ==

=== Abọm studio ===

* ''Tracy Chapman'' (1988) 
* ''Okporo ụzọ'' (1989) 
* ''Ihe Ndị Dị n'Obi'' (1992) 
* ''Mmalite Ọhụrụ'' (1995) 
* ''Akụkọ Akụkọ'' (2000) 
* ''Ka mmiri zoo'' Ka O Suo (2002) 
* ''Ebe Ị Bi'' (2005) 
* Ọdịnihu Anyị Dị Mma (2008) 

== Onyinye na nhọpụta ==

=== Ihe nrite Grammy ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |Ihe nrite Grammy
|-
!Afọ
! style=&quot;width:200px;&quot; |Ọrụ
! style=&quot;width:300px;&quot; |Ihe nrite
! width=&quot;65&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! width=&quot;20&quot; |Nkwupụta
|-
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |1989
|Ya onwe ya
|Onye Ọhụrụ Kasị Mma|{{Won}}
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;grammys.com&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''Tracy Chapman''
|Album nke Afọ|{{Nom}}
|-
|Album Folk nke Oge A Kasị Mma|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |&quot;Ụgbọ ala dị ngwa&quot;
|Ihe ndekọ nke Afọ|{{Nom}}
|-
|Abụ nke Afọ|{{Nom}}
|-
|Egwú Pop Pop Kasị Mma nke Ụmụ nwanyị|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |1990
|''Okporo ụzọ''
|Album Folk nke Oge A Kasị Mma|{{Nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;grammys.com&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |1997
|''Mmalite Ọhụrụ''
|Album Pop Kasị Mma|{{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;grammys.com&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |&quot;Nye m otu ihe kpatara ya&quot;
|Ihe ndekọ nke Afọ|{{Nom}}
|-
|Abụ nke Afọ|{{Nom}}
|-
|Egwú Rock Kasị Mma nke Ụmụ nwanyị|{{Nom}}
|-
|Abụ Rock Kasị Mma|{{Won}}
|-
|2010
|''Ọdịnihu Anyị Na-egbukepụ Egwu''
|Album Folk nke Oge A Kasị Mma|{{Nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;grammys.com&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ndị ọzọ ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ememe
!Ihe nrite
!Ọrụ ndị a họpụtara
!Nsonaazụ
!Nkwupụta
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |1988
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ihe nrite egwu Billboard
|Vidio Nwanyị Kasị Mma
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&quot;Ụgbọ ala dị ngwa&quot;|{{Won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0004207/1988/1|title=Billboard Music Awards – 1988 Awards|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=December 29, 2021|archivedate=December 30, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230054017/https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0004207/1988/1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |1989
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Onyinye Egwú Soul Train
|Best R&amp;B/Urban Contemporary Album of the Year, Female
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |''Tracy Chapman''|{{Nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0005174/1989/1|title=Soul Train Awards – 1989 Awards|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=December 29, 2021|archivedate=December 30, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230054020/https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0005174/1989/1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ihe nrite Egwú Danish
|Album mba ụwa kacha mma|{{Won}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Onyinye BRIT
|Iwu Kasị Mma nke Mba Nile
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ya onwe ya|{{Won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000122/1989/1|title=Brit Awards – 1989 Awards|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=December 29, 2021|archivedate=December 30, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230054019/https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000122/1989/1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Nwanyị Kasị Mma nke Mba Nile|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Onyinye Edison
|Onye na-agụ egwú / Onye na-ede egwú kacha mma|{{Won}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |MTV Video Music Awards
|Vidio Nwanyị Kasị Mma
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&quot;Ụgbọ ala dị ngwa&quot;|{{Nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0003172/1989/1|title=MTV Video Music Awards – 1989 Awards|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=December 29, 2021|archivedate=December 30, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230054018/https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0003172/1989/1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ihe nrite egwu America
|Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Pop/Rock ọhụrụ kachasị amasị ya
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ya onwe ya|{{Won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0005158/1989/1|title=American Music Awards – 1989 Awards|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=December 29, 2021|archivedate=December 30, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230054023/https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0005158/1989/1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Nwanyị na-eme ihe nkiri Pop/Rock kachasị amasị ya|{{Nom}}
|-
|1993
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Onyinye ECHO
|Nwanyị Kasị Mma nke Mba Nile|{{Nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1996
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |MTV Video Music Awards
|Vidio Nwanyị Kasị Mma
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&quot;Nye m otu ihe kpatara ya&quot;|{{Nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0003172/1996/1|title=MTV Video Music Awards – 1996 Awards|publisher=[[IMDb]]|accessdate=December 29, 2021|archivedate=December 30, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230054022/https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0003172/1996/1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |APRA Music Awards
|Ọrụ Mba Ọzọ A Na-arụkarị|{{Nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918020340/http://www.apra-amcos.com.au/APRAAwards/MusicAwards/Nominations/Nominations1996.aspx|url=http://www.apra-amcos.com.au/APRAAwards/MusicAwards/Nominations/Nominations1996.aspx|title=Nominations – 1996|publisher=Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) &amp;#124; Australasian Mechanical Copyright Owners Society (AMCOS)|archivedate=September 18, 2009|accessdate=September 10, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2001
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |California Music Awards
|Nwanyị Na-agụ Egwú
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ya onwe ya|{{Nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2001-california-music-awards/|title=Tracy Chapman @ California Music Awards 2001|publisher=About Tracy Chapman|date=April 26, 2001|accessdate=July 21, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122122236/http://www.about-tracy-chapman.net/2001-california-music-awards/|archivedate=January 22, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2002
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |IFPI Platinum Europe Music Awards
|Aha abọm
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |''Nchịkọta''|{{Won}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2006
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ihe nrite egwu nke Meteor Ireland
|Nwanyị Kasị Mma nke Mba Nile
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ya onwe ya|{{Nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2009
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |SXSWi: Ihe nrite Web
|Egwú Pop
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ya onwe ya|{{Nom}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2023
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Ihe nrite nke Country Music Association
|Abụ nke Afọ
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&quot;Ụgbọ ala dị ngwa&quot;|{{Won}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;cma&quot;/&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2024
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Academy of Country Music Awards
|Abụ nke Afọ|{{Nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |Induction na Onyinye Gala
|Ndị na-ede abụ Hall Of Fame
| align=&quot;center&quot; |Ya onwe ya|{{Nom}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
 

* Tracy ChapmannaAllMusic 
* Tracy Chapmandiski naDiscogs 
* Tracy Chapmandiski naMusicBrainz 
{{s-start}}
{{s-ach}}
{{succession box|title=[[Grammy Award for Best New Artist]]|years=1989|before=[[Jody Watley]]|after=[[Milli Vanilli]] (Award later revoked)}}
{{succession box|title=[[Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]]|years=1989 &lt;br&gt;'''for &quot;[[Fast Car]]&quot; '''|before=[[Whitney Houston]]&lt;br&gt;for &quot;[[I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)]]&quot;|after=[[Bonnie Raitt]] &lt;br&gt;for &quot;[[Nick of Time (album)|Nick of Time]]&quot;}}
{{succession box|title=[[Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album]]|years=1989 &lt;br&gt;'''for ''[[Tracy Chapman (album)|Tracy Chapman]]'' '''|before=[[Steve Goodman]] &lt;br&gt;for ''Unfinished Business''|after=[[Indigo Girls]] &lt;br&gt;for ''[[Indigo Girls (album)|Indigo Girls]]''}}
{{succession box|title=[[Grammy Award for Best Rock Song]]|years=1997 &lt;br&gt;'''for &quot;[[Give Me One Reason]]&quot; '''|before=[[Glen Ballard]] and [[Alanis Morissette]] &lt;br&gt;for &quot;[[You Oughta Know]]&quot;|after=[[The Wallflowers]] &lt;br&gt;for &quot;[[One Headlight]]&quot;}}
{{s-end}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>m625sjzj1yetkzllmglvkjp0kewew8r</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Michelle Pfeiffer</title>
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      <text bytes="37440" sha1="d7d2t4skckjzvw3jep5wytfiab7olt0" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Michelle Pfeiffer Ant-Man &amp; The Wasp premiere (cropped).jpg|thumb|249x249px|Michelle Pfeiffer  na 2018]]
'''Michelle Marie Pfeiffer''' (/ˈfaɪfər/ FY-fər; amụrụ n'April 29, 1958) bụ onye America na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta ihe. Otu n'ime kpakpando Hollywood kachasị ego n'oge 1980s na 1990s, arụmọrụ ya enwetawo ya otuto dị iche iche, gụnyere Golden Globe Award na British Academy Film Award, yana nhọpụta maka Academy Awards atọ na otu Primetime Emmy Award. 

Pfeiffer's acting career began in the late 1970s, with small roles in television and film. In 1982, she landed her first role in Grease 2, and received widespread acclaim for her performance as Elvira Hancock in 1983's Scarface. Success followed in The Witches of Eastwick (1987) and Tequila Sunrise (1988). For Married to the Mob (1988), Pfeiffer received the first of six Golden Globe Award nominations. She received consecutive Academy Award nominations, Best Supporting Actress for Dangerous Liaisons (1988) and Best Actress for The Fabulous Baker Boys (1989), and won a Golden Globe Award for the latter.

Ka ọ na-erule mmalite 1990s, Pfeiffer bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri kacha akwụ ụgwọ n'ụwa. Ọ gbara Catwoman na Batman Returns (1992), wee nata nhọpụta Award Academy Award nke atọ maka Love Field (1992). Ọ gara n'ihu na-eme ihe nkiri na fim ndị ama ama n'ime afọ iri, gụnyere The Age of Innocence (1993) na Wolf (1994). Site na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ya, Via Rosa Productions, o mepụtara ma duzie ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, gụnyere Dangerous Minds (1995). N'afọ 2000, Pfeiffer kwụsịrị n'ọrụ ọ na-eme ka ọ na-ebute ezinụlọ ya ụzọ, na-apụta na nhọrọ ndị dị ka What Lies Beneath (2000), White Oleander (2002), Hairspray, na Stardust (ma 2007).

Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị, Pfeiffer laghachiri n'ọkwa na 2017, na ọrụ na Where Is Kyra? , ''Nne!'' , na igbu ọchụ na Orient Express. N'otu afọ ahụ, ọ natara nhọpụta mbụ ya na Primetime Emmy Award maka igosipụta Ruth Madoff na ihe nkiri telivishọn The Wizard of Lies . N'afọ 2020, ọ nwetara nhọpụta Golden Globe nke asatọ ya maka French Exit . Kemgbe afọ 2018, Pfeiffer gosipụtara Janet van Dyne na Marvel Cinematic Universe, malite na ''Ant-Man na Wasp''. N'afọ 2026, ọ malitere ịpụta na Stacy Clyburn na usoro Paramount+ The ''Madison'' .

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Michelle Marie Pfeiffer na Eprel 29, 1958, na Santa Ana, California, nwa Richard Pfeiffer, onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ụgwọ ikuku, na Donna Jean (née Taverna), onye na-elekọta ụlọ. O nwere nwanne nwoke tọrọ ya, Rick, na ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ ọ tọrọ, Dedee&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.allrovi.com/name/dedee-pfeiffer-p56465|title=DeDee Pfeiffer – Movie and Film Biography and Filmography|work=AllRovi|publisher=Rovi Corporation|accessdate=June 11, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Lori.&lt;ref name=&quot;yahoo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800016613/bio|title=Michelle Pfeiffer biography|work=Yahoo Movies|publisher=Yahoo!|accessdate=April 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nne na nna ya si [[North Dakota]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Egan|first=Tim|authorlink=Timothy Egan|date=August 6, 1995|title=Michelle Pfeiffer, Sensuous to Sensible|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/06/movies/michelle-pfeiffer-sensuous-to-sensible.html?pagewanted=all&amp;src=pm|accessdate=February 4, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna nna ya bụ onye German na nne nne ya bụ onye English, Welsh, French, Irish, na Dutch, ebe nna nna ya bụ nke Swiss-German-Italian na nne nne nne ya sitere na Swedish.&lt;ref name=&quot;tcat&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Michelle Pfeiffer – Pfeiffer: 'I'm A Multi-Cultural Mutt'|work=Contact Music|date=February 1, 2008|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/pfeiffer-im-a-multi-cultural-mutt_1058208|accessdate=August 28, 2010|archivedate=September 27, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927220351/http://www.contactmusic.com/news/pfeiffer-im-a-multi-cultural-mutt_1058208}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Midway City, obodo ọzọ dị na Orange County nke dị kilomita iri na otu, ebe Pfeiffer nọrọ n'afọ ndị mbụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QUWTsTnOLDIC&amp;q=michelle%20pfeiffer%20santa%20ana&amp;pg=PA48|title=Orange County: Then &amp; Now|first=Chris|author=Epting|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|year=2011|accessdate=April 25, 2011|isbn=978-0-7385-8115-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;nbsp;

Pfeiffer gara Fountain Valley High School, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1976. &lt;ref name=&quot;Egan&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Egan|first=Tim|authorlink=Timothy Egan|date=August 6, 1995|title=Michelle Pfeiffer, Sensuous to Sensible|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/06/movies/michelle-pfeiffer-sensuous-to-sensible.html?pagewanted=4&amp;src=pm|accessdate=July 16, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka nwa agbọghọ na-enyocha na nnukwu ụlọ ahịa Vons, wee gaa Golden West College  ebe ọ bụ onye otu [[Alpha Delta Pi]] sorority.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BAwx9lRs1gQC&amp;q=michelle%20pfeiffer%20santa%20ana&amp;pg=RA1-PA19|title=Glamorous Movie Stars of the Eighties Paper Dolls|first=Tom|author=Tierney|publisher=Courier Dover Publications|year=2002|isbn=978-0-486-42191-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ nwesịrị ọzụzụ dị mkpirikpi ka ọ bụrụ Onye na-ede akwụkwọ n'ụlọ ikpe, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọrụ ime ihe nkiri. Pfeiffer meriri asọmpi ịma mma Miss Orange County na 1978 wee bụrụ onye nke isii na asọmpi Miss California n'otu afọ ahụ. Mgbe ọ pụtara na asọmpi ndị a, Pfeiffer nwetara onye nnọchi anya wee malite ịnwale maka ọrụ telivishọn na ihe nkiri.

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ná ngwụsị afọ 1970 na 1980 ===
[[Faịlụ:Michelle_Pfeiffer_-_Studio_Portrait_(1979).jpg|thumb|Pfeiffer na 1979]]
Pfeiffer mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya na 1978, na ọrụ na fim Fantasy Island. [1] Ụbọchị nkịta na nwamba sochiri, Delta House , CHIPs , Enos na B.A.D. Nwamba , yana ihe nkiri CBS The Solitary Man (1979). [2] Pfeiffer pụtara na ihe nkiri The Hollywood Knights (1980), megide Tony Danza, dị ka ndị hụrụ n'anya n'akwụkwọ. O mechara nwee ọrụ nkwado na Falling in Love Again (1980) megidere Susannah York na Charlie Chan na Curse of the Dragọn Queen (1981), nke ọ bụla n'ime ha enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma ma ọ bụ nwee ihe ịga nke ọma. Ọ pụtara na mgbasa ozi maka ncha opera Lux, wee nweta ọrụ na Beverly Hills Playhouse, tupu ọ pụta na ihe nkiri telivishọn 1981 atọ - Callie na Son, megide Lindsay Wagner, The Children Nobody Wanted and Splendor in the Grass.[3][4]

Pfeiffer mere mpụta ihe nkiri mbụ ya na Grease 2 (1982), [1] usoro nke Grease (1978).[2] N'iji obere kredit ole na ole na obere obere ọrụ, Pfeiffer dị afọ iri abụọ na atọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-achọsi ike mgbe etinyere ya maka ọrụ ahụ, mmegharị nke onye nduzi Patricia Birch kwuru na ọ meriri n'ihi na o &quot;nwere ikike pụrụ iche inye anya ya ụfọdụ ikuku nke ike&quot;.[3] Ihe nkiri ahụ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma nke azụmahịa na nke dị oke egwu, mana a nabatara arụmọrụ Pfeiffer nke ọma.[4] Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times kọrọ, sị: &quot;[T] onye bịara ọhụrụ na fim ahụ, Miss Pfeiffer jisiri ike dị ka onye ọhụrụ na onye ọrịa na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri. N'oge ahụ, m na-eme ihe nkiri, m nọ n'ihu m. &quot;[2][5][6]

Onye nduzi Brian De Palma, ebe ọ hụrụ Grease 2, jụrụ ịnwale Pfeiffer maka Scarface (1983), mana ọ kwụsịrị na Martin Bregman, onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri ahụ. A họpụtara ya dị ka nwunye ya bụ Elvira Hancock, onye cocaine riri ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;talk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Michelle Pfeiffer Biography|url=http://www.tiscali.co.uk/entertainment/film/biographies/michelle_pfeiffer_biog/4|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926071520/http://www.tiscali.co.uk/entertainment/film/biographies/michelle_pfeiffer_biog/4|archivedate=September 26, 2008|accessdate=October 23, 2008|work=[[TalkTalk Group|Talk Talk]]|publisher=Tiscali UK Limited trading|quote=Michelle, renowned as the most beautiful actress in the world ...}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ lere ihe nkiri ahụ anya dị ka ihe ike gabigara ókè, mana ọ ghọrọ ihe na-ewu ewu ma nweta nnukwu ofufe na-esote n'afọ ndị sochirinụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oek-PyR-70UC&amp;q=scarface%20violent&amp;pg=PA162|title=New forms of consumption: consumers, culture, and commodification|first=Mark|author=Gottdiener|publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8476-9570-6|date=2000}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pfeiffer nwetara nyocha dị mma maka nkwado ya; Richard Corliss nke Time Magazine dere, &quot;ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dị mma: Michelle Pfeiffer ka mma ...&quot;  ebe Dominick Dunne, n'otu edemede maka Vanity Fair nke akpọrọ &quot;Blonde Ambition&quot;, dere, &quot;[ọ nọ n'ọnụ nke ịbụ onye ama ama. &quot;N'okwu nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ọ na-ekpo ọkụ. &quot;[s]
[[Faịlụ:Michelle_Pfeiffer_01.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Pfeiffer na 1985]]
Na-esote Scarface, ọ kpara Diana na John Landis' comedy Into the Night (1985), ya na Jeff Goldblum; Isabeau d'Anjou na Richard Donner's fantasy film ''Ladyhawke'' (1985), na Rutger Hauer na Matthew Broderick; Faith Healy na Alan Alda's Sweet Liberty (1986), ya na Michael Caine; na Brenda Landers na akụkụ nke 1950s sci-fi parody Amazon Women on the Moon (1987), nke niile, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ naanị obere ihe ịga nke ọma azụmahịa, nyeere aka iguzobe ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri. O mechara nweta nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ dị ka Sukie Ridgemont na 1987 nke akwụkwọ akụkọ John Updike The Witches of Eastwick, ya na Jack Nicholson, Cher, na [[Susan Sarandon]]. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nyocha dị mma ma nweta ihe karịrị $ 63.7 nde n'ime ụlọ, nke kwekọrọ na $ 181 nde na $ 2025, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=witchesofeastwick.htm|title=The Witches of Eastwick|work=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=April 27, 2011}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [1] na-aghọ otu n'ime ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=All Michelle Pfeiffer Movies, Ranked By Tomatometer|url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/all-michelle-pfeiffer-movies-ranked/|accessdate=February 18, 2012|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;[24]&lt;ref name=&quot;Marx-2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Marx|first=Rebecca Flint|title=Michelle Pfeiffer – Biography by Rebecca Flint Marx|url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/p56469|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228064103/https://www.allmovie.com/artist/p56469|archivedate=February 28, 2023|accessdate=August 8, 2021|work=[[AllMovie]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịja oge ha na-atọ ọchị, Roger Ebert dere na Pfeiffer na ụmụ nwanyị ya na ha na-arụkọ ọrụ &quot;nwere oge dị mma na ọrụ ha&quot;,  ebe onye na-enyocha ihe nkiri ''Los Angeles Times'' Sheila Benson kwuru na Pfeifer na-eme ka àgwà ya bụrụ &quot;onye na-ekpo ọkụ, onye a na-apụghị iguzogide&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ebert|first=Roger|authorlink=Roger Ebert|date=June 12, 1987|title=The Witches of Eastwick|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-witches-of-eastwick-1987|accessdate=November 19, 2020|work=[[RogerEbert.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Benson|first=Sheila|authorlink=Sheila Benson|date=June 12, 1987|title=Movie Review: 'Witches' Curse Goes to the Devil|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-06-12-ca-4000-story.html|accessdate=November 19, 2020|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A tụbara Pfeiffer megide ụdị, dị ka nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nke onye omekome e gburu egbu, na ihe nkiri Jonathan Demme nke Married to the Mob (1988), ya na Matthew Modine, Dean Stockwell na Mercedes Ruehl. Maka ọrụ Angela de Marco, o yi wig na-acha nchara nchara na ụda olu Brooklyn, &lt;ref name=&quot;yahoo&quot; /&gt; ma nata nhọpụta Golden Globe Award mbụ ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na Motion Picture Musical ma ọ bụ Comedy, na-amalite afọ isii nke nhọpụta onye na-ese ihe nkiri kacha elu na Golden Globes. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://movies.msn.com/celebrities/celebrity-awards-and-nominations/michelle-pfeiffer/?ipp=15&amp;startingItem=31|title=Michelle Pfeiffer – awards and nominations|work=MSN Movies|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=April 27, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923122344/http://movies.msn.com/celebrities/celebrity-awards-and-nominations/michelle-pfeiffer/?ipp=15&amp;startingItem=31|archivedate=September 23, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/member/29761|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060521180439/http://www.goldenglobes.org/browse/member/29761|archivedate=May 21, 2006|title=Michelle Pfeiffer|work=Golden Globe Awards|publisher=Hollywood Foreign Press Association|accessdate=July 11, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pfeiffer pụtara dị ka onye na-ere nri Jo Ann Vallenari na ''Tequila Sunrise'' (1988) ya na Mel Gibson na Kurt Russell, mana ya na onye nduzi Robert Towne nwere esemokwu na nke onwe ya, onye mechara kọwaa ya dị ka onye &quot;na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị sie ike&quot; ya na ya rụtụrụla ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pfeiffertheface.com/M_1988_CT.htm|title=Tequila Sunrise: Michelle Pfeiffer|work=Pfeiffertheface.com|accessdate=October 23, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101171617/http://www.pfeiffertheface.com/M_1988_CT.htm|archivedate=November 1, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na aro nke Demme, &lt;ref name=&quot;thompson&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Thompson|first=Douglas|title=Pfeiffer: Beyond the Age of Innocence|publisher=Warner Futura|year=1995|isbn=978-0-7515-1030-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pfeiffer sonyeere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nke Stephen Frears's Dangerous Liaisons (1988), ya na Glenn Close na John Malkovich, na-eme Madame Marie de Tourvel, onye nwere omume ọma nke ịrata. Hal Hinson nke The Washington Post hụrụ ọrụ Pfeiffer dị ka &quot;ihe doro anya na nke kachasị sie ike. Ọ dịghị ihe siri ike igwu egwu karịa omume ọma, Pfeiffer nwekwara ọgụgụ isi nke na-adịghị anwa anwa. Kama nke ahụ, ọ na-egosipụta ya. Ịma mma ya, n'ihe banyere nke a, bụ nnukwu akụ, na ụzọ e si eji ya mee ka ọ yie akụkụ nke ime mmụọ ya&quot;.  Ọ meriri BAFTA Award maka Best Actress in a Supporting Role &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/dangerousliaisonsrhinson_a0a8d4.htm|title=Dangerous Liaisons|work=The Washington Post|date=January 13, 1989|accessdate=October 23, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara nhọpụta maka Academy Award maka Best Supporting Actress.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bafta.org/awards/film/nominations/?year=1989|title=Past winners and nominees – Film nominations 1989|work=British Academy of Film and Television Arts|accessdate=April 28, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525123102/http://www.bafta.org/awards/film/nominations/?year=1989|archivedate=May 25, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1989|title=61st Academy Awards winners|work=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|accessdate=April 28, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pfeiffer then accepted the role of Susie Diamond, a hard-edged former call girl turned lounge singer, in ''The Fabulous Baker Boys'' (1989), which also starred Jeff Bridges and Beau Bridges as the eponymous Baker Boys. She underwent intense voice training for the role for four months, and performed all of her character's vocals.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.totalfilm.com/features/150-greatest-movie-performances-of-all-time-1/146-michelle-pfeiffer-susie-diamond-the-fabulous-baker-boys-1989|title=150 Greatest movie performances of all time|work=TotalFilm.com|accessdate=April 28, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was a modest success, grossing $18.4&amp;nbsp;million in the US and Canada (equivalent to $48&amp;nbsp;million in 2025 dollars [24]).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=fabulousbakerboys.htm|title=The Fabulous Baker Boys (1989)|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=Future Publishing Limited|accessdate=April 28, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her portrayal of Susie, however, drew unanimous acclaim from critics. Critic Roger Ebert compared her to Rita Hayworth in ''Gilda'' and to Marilyn Monroe in ''Some Like It Hot'', adding that the film was &quot;one of the movies they will use as a document, years from now, when they begin to trace the steps by which Pfeiffer became a great star&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19891013/REVIEWS/910130303/1023|title=''The Fabulous Baker Boys''|first=Roger|author=Ebert|authorlink=Roger Ebert|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|accessdate=October 23, 2008|date=October 13, 1989}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the 1989–1990 awards season, Pfeiffer won as Best Actress at the Golden Globes, the National Board of Review, the National Society of Film Critics, the New York Film Critics Circle, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association and the Chicago Film Critics Association. Pfeiffer's performance as Susie is considered to be the most critically acclaimed of her career.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/02/the-roles-of-a-lifetime-michelle-pfeiffer.html|title=The Roles of a Lifetime: Michelle Pfeiffer|author=Gorman|first=Allison|date=February 2, 2015|work=Paste|accessdate=May 17, 2018|archivedate=November 27, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127064653/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2015/02/the-roles-of-a-lifetime-michelle-pfeiffer.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Haskell|first=Robert|date=February 7, 2019|title=Michelle Pfeiffer is Back (as if She Ever Left)|url=https://www.instyle.com/celebrity/michelle-pfeiffer-march-feature|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402173812/https://www.instyle.com/celebrity/michelle-pfeiffer-march-feature|archivedate=April 2, 2019|accessdate=February 17, 2019|work=[[InStyle]]|quote=The Fabulous Baker Boys — in which she gave her most widely lauded performance, as the lounge singer Susie Diamond}}&lt;/ref&gt; The scene in which her character seductively performs &quot;Makin' Whoopee&quot; atop a grand piano is considered to be a memorable scene in modern cinema.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nathan|first=Ian|date=January 1, 2020|title=The Fabulous Baker Boys Review|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/fabulous-baker-boys-review/|accessdate=June 2, 2021|work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=West|first=Rachel|date=April 29, 2018|title=Michelle Pfeiffer's 10 Best Roles|url=https://etcanada.com/photos/321985/michelle-pfeiffers-10-best-roles/#image-321989|accessdate=June 2, 2021|work=[[Entertainment Tonight Canada]]|archivedate=April 6, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406160105/https://etcanada.com/photos/321985/michelle-pfeiffers-10-best-roles/#image-321989}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graham-2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Graham|first=Jane|date=October 16, 2010|title=The Fabulous Baker Boys: No 24 best romantic film of all time|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/oct/16/fabulous-baker-boys-romance-film|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010213505/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/oct/16/fabulous-baker-boys-romance-film|archivedate=October 10, 2022|accessdate=June 2, 2021|work=[[The Guardian]]|quote=this is Pfeiffer's movie, the one that made her the biggest female film star in the world}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Barlow-2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 29, 2009|title=Michelle Pfeiffer: ageless beauty|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/michelle-pfeiffer-ageless-beauty-20090629-d28b.html|accessdate=June 22, 2021|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|quote=When Michelle Pfeiffer purred the words to while sprawled across a grand piano in 1989's s, the scene went down in history as one of cinema's sexiest moments.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Afọ ndị 1990 ===
[[Faịlụ:Michelle_Pfeiffer_1990.jpg|thumb|Pfeiffer na 63rd Academy Awards na 1990]]
N'afọ 1990, Pfeiffer guzobere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta Ihe nkiri nke ya, Via Rosa Productions, ya na onye mmekọ azụmahịa Kate Guinzburg, onye ọ zutere na setịpụ Sweet Liberty (1986). Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nọ n'okpuru nkwekọrịta foto na Touchstone Pictures, akara ihe nkiri nke Walt Disney Studios. N'afọ ahụ, Pfeiffer malitere inweta $ 1 nde kwa ihe nkiri,  wee sonye na onye nchịkọta akwụkwọ Soviet Katya Orlova na ihe nkiri nke John le Carré's The Russia House, ya na Sean Connery, ọrụ nke chọrọ ka ọ nabata ụda olu Russian. Maka mgbalị ya, a kwụrụ ya ụgwọ site na nhọpụta Golden Globe maka Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/88799/the-russia-house#articles-reviews|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021152459/http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/88799/The-Russia-House/#articles-reviews|archivedate=October 21, 2012|first=Richard|author=Smith|title=The Russia House|work=Turner Classic Movies|publisher=Time Warner Company|accessdate=April 28, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pfeiffer wee nweta ọrụ nke onye na-ere nri mebiri emebi Frankie na Garry Marshall's ''Frankie na Johnny'' (1991), ihe nkiri nke Terrence McNally's Broadway play Frankie and Johnny in the Clair de Lune, nke jikọtara ya na onye Scarface ya, Al Pacino. Ọtụtụ ndị lere ihe nkiri ahụ anya dị ka ihe na-ese okwu, ebe ọ bụ na a na-ewere Pfeiffer dị ka onye mara mma nke ukwuu iji mee ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ere nri &quot; nkịtị&quot;;  Kathy Bates, Frankie mbụ na Broadway, gosikwara mmechuihu maka nhọrọ ndị na-emepụta ihe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/people/bc/1999/05/25/pfeiffer/index1.html|title=Salon Brilliant Careers #124; The dazzling versatility of Michelle Pfeiffer|work=Salon.com|accessdate=October 23, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208202439/http://www.salon.com/people/bc/1999/05/25/pfeiffer/index1.html|archivedate=February 8, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pfeiffer n'onwe ya kwuru na ọ were ọrụ ahụ n'ihi na &quot;ọ bụghị ihe ndị mmadụ ga-atụ anya ya&quot;. [her] A họpụtara Pfeiffer ọzọ maka onyinye Golden Globe maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma - Motion Picture Drama maka arụmọrụ ya.&amp;nbsp;

Pfeiffer were ọrụ Selina Kyle-Catwoman na ihe nkiri Tim Burton bụ Batman Returns (1992), n'ihu Michael Keaton na Danny DeVito, ''Mbụ'' Annette Bening hapụrụ n'ihi ime ya. Maka ọrụ ahụ, ọ zụrụ na martial arts na kickboxing. Pfeiffer nwetara otuto nkatọ maka ngosipụta ya, nke ndị nkatọ na ndị na-akwado ya na-akpọkarị arụmọrụ kachasị ukwuu nke Catwoman n'oge niile. &lt;ref name=&quot;Erbland-2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Erbland|first=Kate|date=February 25, 2021|title='French Exit' Star Michelle Pfeiffer Explains the Secret to Her Eclectic Career|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2021/02/michelle-pfeiffer-french-exit-catwoman-1234618989/|accessdate=March 5, 2021|work=[[IndieWire]]|quote=Pfeiffer's Catwoman — long considered the gold standard cinematic version of the Bat-verse baddie}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/michelle-pfeiffer-catwoman-best-batman-returns-movie/|title=Batman: Why Michelle Pfeiffer Is The Best Catwoman|author=Cotter|first=Padraig|date=March 29, 2019|work=ScreenRant|accessdate=June 18, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/best-batman-movie-villains-catwoman-michelle-pfeiffer/|title=Michelle Pfeiffer's Catwoman Is Still Batman's Best Movie Villain|author=Melrose|first=Kevin|date=June 19, 2017|work=Comic Book Resources|accessdate=June 18, 2019|quote=it's Selina's story that imbues Batman Returns with a depth that lifts it above its predecessor, and establishes Pfeiffer's Catwoman as the Caped Crusader's most compelling movie villain of all time.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nerdist.com/article/michelle-pfeiffer-catwoman-whip/|title=Michelle Pfeiffer Shows Why She's Still The Best Catwoman|author=Diaz|first=Eric|date=April 2, 2019|work=Nerdist|accessdate=June 8, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bastién|first=Angelica Jade|authorlink=Angelica Jade Bastién|date=June 26, 2017|title=25 Years Later, Michelle Pfeiffer's Catwoman Is Still the Best Superhero Movie Villain|url=https://www.vulture.com/2017/06/michelle-pfeiffer-catwoman-batman-returns-is-still-the-best-villain.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519203644/https://www.vulture.com/2017/06/michelle-pfeiffer-catwoman-batman-returns-is-still-the-best-villain.html|archivedate=May 19, 2023|accessdate=June 8, 2019|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|quote=Pfeiffer's Catwoman is widely seen as the best cinematic take on the character}}&lt;/ref&gt; Premiere kwuru, sị: &quot;O doro anya na onye ọjọọ pụtara ìhè nke oge Tim Burton, Michelle Pfeiffer's deadly catten with a whip wetara mmekọahụ na franchise na-adịghị mma. Ọ na-ejikọta ọnụ, uwe akpụkpọ anụ ojii, dabere na eserese nke Burton, ka bụ ọdịdị kachasị mma nke onye ahụ. Michelle Pfeifer meriri Batman Returns' heavy-handed feminist dialogue to give a growling, grossing grossing performance.  Batman Returnes a big box office.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Batman Returns at Box Office Mojo|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0103776/|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=IMDb Company|accessdate=February 19, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Ihe nkiri mbụ ụlọ ọrụ ya mepụtara bụ ihe nkiri onwe ya bụ Love Field, nke e wepụtara na 1992. Ndị na-enyocha ihe nkiri ahụ nabatara ihe nkiri ahụ na ''The New York Times'' chere na Pfeiffer &quot;na-egosipụta ọzọ na ọ dị aghụghọ ma na-eju anya dịka ọ mara mma&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Maslin|first=Janet|authorlink=Janet Maslin|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/11/movies/review-film-michelle-pfeiffer-in-a-tale-of-a-1960-s-interracial-friendship.html|accessdate=February 15, 2024|title=Review/Film; Michelle Pfeiffer in a Tale of a 1960's Interracial Friendship|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 10, 1989}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ngosipụta ya nke onye na-elekọta ụlọ na Dallas, Texas, ọ nwetara nhọpụta maka Academy Award maka Best Actress na Golden Globe maka Best Acpress - Drama ma merie Silver Bear maka Best Acress na 43rd Berlin International Film Festival.&lt;ref name=&quot;lovef&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmovie.com/work/love-field-30289/awards|title=Love Field – Awards|work=AllMovie|publisher=Rovi Company|accessdate=April 28, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Berlinale 1993&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1993/03_preistr_ger_1993/03_Preistraeger_1993.html|title=Berlinale: 1993 Prize Winners|accessdate=June 1, 2011|work=Berlinale.de|archivedate=October 15, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015120403/http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1993/03_preistr_ger_1993/03_Preistraeger_1993.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ihe nkiri oge Martin Scorsese The Age of Innocence (1993), ihe nkiri nke Edith Wharton dere na 1920, Pfeiffer so Daniel Day-Lewis na Winona Ryder mee ihe nkiri, na-egosi Countess na New York City dị elu n'afọ 1870. Maka ọrụ ya, ọ natara Elvira Notari Prize na Venice Film Festival, na nhọpụta Golden Globe maka Best Actress - Motion Picture . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-06-14-ca-3168-story.html|title=Pfeiffer spices up award show|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=April 28, 2011|first=Jane|author=Galbraith|date=June 14, 1993}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ ahụ, e nyere ya onyinye Women in Film Los Angeles' Crystal Award . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-06-14-ca-3168-story.html|first=Jane|author=Galbraith|title=Pfeiffer spices up award show|work=Los Angeles Times|date=June 14, 1993|accessdate=July 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe e guzobere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ya, Via Rosa Productions, Pfeiffer hụrụ mmụba ọkachamara dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nọgidere na-eme ihe n'ụzọ dị nro n'ime afọ iri, ya na onye ya na ya na-emepụta ihe nkiri Guinzburg nwere mmeri nke imepụta ihe nkiri azụ na azụ n'okpuru isi ha. Ya na Jack Nicholson gosipụtara na ihe nkiri egwu nke afọ 1994 Wolf, na-egosi mmasị na-enweghị isi nke onye edemede nke na-aghọ nwoke wolf n'abalị mgbe ihe e kere eke tara ya. A tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ na nnabata dị iche iche; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://uk.rottentomatoes.com/m/1053942-wolf/|title=Wolf Movie Reviews, Pictures|work=Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=May 1, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522064754/http://uk.rottentomatoes.com/m/1053942-wolf/|archivedate=May 22, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''The New York Times'' dere, sị: &quot;A kwadoro ọrụ Ms. Pfeiffer, mana arụmọrụ ya bụ ọkachamara iji mee ka ọbụna diffidence na-adọrọ mmasị. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D02EFDE143DF934A25755C0A962958260|title=''Wolf'' (1994) Review/Film; Wolf Bites Man; Man Sheds His Civilized Coat|first=Janet|author=Maslin|authorlink=Janet Maslin|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 17, 1994|accessdate=May 1, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wolf bụ ihe ịga nke ọma azụmahịa, na-enweta $ 65 nde (nke ya na $ 141 nde na 2025) na ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ nke ụlọ na $ 131 nde n'ụwa niile (nke ya bụ $ 285 nde).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wolf at Box Office Mojo|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=wolf.htm|work=Box Office Mojo|publisher=IMDb Company|date=February 10, 2009|accessdate=July 3, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

ụbọchị ọzọ Pfeiffer bụ nke onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na onye bụbu United States Marine LouAnne Johnson na ihe nkiri Dangerous Minds (1995), [1] nke ụlọ ọrụ ya. Ọ pọ dị ka agwa ya na vidiyo egwu maka egwu egwu, &quot;Gangsta's Paradise&quot; nke Coolio, gsan L.V.; egwu ahụ meri 1996 Grammy Award maka Best Rap Solo Performance, na vidiyo ahụ meri MTV Video Music Award maka Best Rap Video. [2] [3] Ọ bụ ebe ahụ na Dangerous Minds achọpụta na-ahụ mma, ọ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma n' ike, na-enweta nde $ 179.5 gburugburu ụwa[4] N'afọ 1996, Pfeiffer nke Sally Atwater na ihe nkiri Up Close &amp; Personal, ya na Robert Redford, were ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe nkiri To Gillian on Her 37th Birthday, nke di ya David Kelley si na egwuregwu Michael Brady nke otu aha ahụ, ma jee ozi dị ka onye isi na-ama mee ihe dị ka onye na-ese ihe owuwu na George One Day na nwụrụ na romance, Clooney.[5][6][7]

Ọrụ ya na-esote dị ka Rose Cook Lewis na mmegharị ihe nkiri nke Jane Smiley's Pulitzer Prize-emeri akwụkwọ akụkọ A Thousand Acres (1997) ya na Jessica Lange na Jennifer Jason Leigh; [1] dị ka Beth Kapadora na The Deep End of the Ocean (1998) dị ka nna tọọrọ ya; [2] dị ka Titania na Nrọ 9 na Nrọ 9 (1997) Kline, Rupert Everett na Stanley Tucci; [3] dị ka ihe nkiri Willis's Rob Re Jordan; [4] Otu puku Acres na The Deep End of the Ocean mekwara site na Via Rosa Productions. Pfeiffer gbara Tzippora, onye na-eje ozi mmiri nke Moses (nke Val Kilmer na-akpọ), na DreamWorks Animation's The Prince of Egypt (1998), ihe egwu dị n'ime Akwụkwọ Ọpụpụ.[5][6] O dekwara egwu &quot;Mgbe Ikwere&quot;, nke onye dere Stephen Schwartz nwetara ihe nrite Academy Award for Best Original Song. [7] [8] A tọhapụrụ Onye isi ala Ijipt ka ọ nwee ọganihu azụmahịa, mana Kenneth Turan mere mkpesa na mmegharị ihe nkiri ahụ, nke tụbara Pfeiffer dị ka &quot;onye agha na-eme ihe ike&quot;, ga-enwe nsogbu.[9] [10]

=== Afọ 2000 ===
Pfeiffer tụrụ egwu ịgbasa ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri ya, Via Rosa Productions, na 1999, wee banye ezumike nka ọkara iji nọrọkwu oge na ụmụ ya. Pfeiffer nyere di ya Guinzburg ihe nkiri ikpeazụ o mere n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ Via Rosa Productions. Ihe nkiri a bụ Mmehie mbụ (2001). Ezubere ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri ikpeazụ nke Pfeiffer, nke ọ na-arụ ọrụ na nwa oge. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ya mepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ, mana Angelina Jolie na Antonio Banderas hụrụ ya.

Na What Lies Beneath (2000), ihe egwu Hitchcockian nke Robert Zemeckis duziri, Pfeiffer na Harrison Ford gosipụtara dị ka di na nwunye bara ọgaranya na-enwe ihe ijuanya nke na-ekpughe ihe nzuzo banyere oge gara aga. Ọ bụ ezie na nzaghachi dị oke egwu maka ihe nkiri ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya, ọ meghere n'elu ụlọ ọrụ ịkụ nzọ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2000/WLIES.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071104143934/http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2000/WLIES.php|archivedate=November 4, 2007|title=What Lies Beneath|publisher=Nash Information Services, LLC|work=The Numbers.com|accessdate=October 24, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee gaa n'ihu na-enweta nde $ 291 n'ụwa niile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=whatliesbeneath.htm|title=What Lies Beneath (2000)|work=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=November 13, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ahụ, ọ nabatara ọrụ Rita Harrison, onye ọka iwu na-enyere nna nwere nkwarụ aka, na ihe nkiri I Am Sam (2001), ya na Sean Penn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://allmovie.com/work/i-am-sam-257356|title=I Am Sam|work=AllMovie|accessdate=May 1, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'agbanyeghị na ọ nwetara nde $ 97.8 n'ụwa niile,  ndị nkatọ nyochara ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma;  Seattle Post-Intelligencer dere, sị: &quot;Pfeiffer, nke doro anya na ọ na-egbochi ya site na clichés na-akwado ọrụ ya dị egwu, na-enye ya arụmọrụ ya kachasị mma, nke kachasị mma. &quot;  Ka ọ dị ugbu a, SF Gate kwuru, sị: 'N'otu ihe nkiri, ọ na-agbaji n'anya ka ọ na-ewepụ onwe ya banyere ndụ ya. 'O siri ike ịghara imebi ihe nkiri a dị njikere'onwe ya, na-eme ihe adị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=iamsam.htm|title=I Am Sam (2001)|work=Box Office Mojo|accessdate=November 13, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/i-am-sam/critic-reviews|title=I Am Sam|work=Metacritic|publisher=CBS Interactive Inc.|accessdate=May 1, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Axmaker|first=Sean|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/I-am-Sam-wallows-in-melodramatic-mush-1078320.php|title='I am Sam' wallows in melodramatic mush|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|publisher=Hearst Communications Inc.|date=January 24, 2002|accessdate=May 1, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=LaSalle|first=Mick|url=http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Penn-plays-sad-Sam-He-s-full-of-integrity-as-2880088.php|title=Penn plays sad 'Sam' / He's full of integrity as retarded father|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|date=January 25, 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Pfeiffer weere ọrụ nke onye na-ese ihe, Ingrid Magnussen, na ihe nkiri White Oleander (2002), na-emegide Alison Lohman (na mpụta ihe nkiri ya), Renee Zellweger, na Robin Wright. Ihe nkiri a bụ ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa mgbe ewepụtara ya. Stephen Holden nke New York Times dere na &quot;Ms. Pfeiffer, na-enye arụmọrụ ihuenyo kachasị dị mgbagwoju anya nke ọrụ ya, na-eme ka Olympian na-adọrọ adọrọ n'otu oge na-enweghị ike ịgbagha na ekwensu.&quot; [1] Kenneth Turan nke Los Angeles Times kọwara ya dị ka &quot;ihe mara mma&quot;, na-eweta &quot;ike na ọgụgụ isi na-enweghị mgbagha n'ọrụ ya dị ka nne na-achịkwa&quot; yana &quot;arụmọrụ na-akpali akpali, na-enweghị mgbagha&quot;. [2] Ọ natara onyinye nkwado kacha mma site na San Diego Film Critics Society na Kansas City Film Critics Circle, yana nhọpụta onye na-eme ihe nkiri Guild Award.

N'afọ 2003, Pfeiffer nyere olu ya maka àgwà nke chi nwanyị nke ọgba aghara Eris na Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas, ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri nke gosipụtara Brad Pitt dị ka olu Sinbad the Sailor. Ọ na-agba mbọ ịchọta ihe ọjọọ nke onye ahụ. Na mbido, onye ahụ bụ &quot;mmekọahụ nke ukwuu&quot;, mgbe ahụ ọ na-enweghị obi ụtọ. Mgbe edere ya nke atọ, Pfeiffer kpọrọ onye na-emepụta Jeffrey Katzenberg ma gwa ya &quot;Ị maara, ị nwere ike ịchụ m n'ezie,&quot; mana o mesiri ya obi ike na nke a bụ naanị akụkụ nke usoro ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas Preview|url=https://ew.com/article/2003/04/25/sinbad-legend-seven-seas/|accessdate=January 18, 2014|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=April 25, 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ, ọ kwụsịrị ime ihe nkiri afọ anọ, n'oge ahụ ọ nọ n'èzí n'anya ọha na eze iji nyefee oge maka di ya na ụmụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;CBS News-2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=October 4, 2007|title=Michelle Pfeiffer's Eternal Beauty|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/michelle-pfeiffers-eternal-beauty/|accessdate=March 26, 2021|work=[[CBS News]]|quote=&quot;Stardust&quot; and her role this summer in the movie &quot;Hairspray&quot; mark a comeback for Pfeiffer after five years away from the big screen. She has proved she is still striking on camera and popular with audiences, putting her in a stronger position than ever as an actress.}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge a, ọ jụrụ ọrụ White Witch na ihe nkiri fantasy The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe (2005), nke gara Tilda Swinton.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/white-witch-shares-her-love-potion-with-two-men-bdnf0wcn0rr|title=White Witch shares her love potion with two men|publisher=Times Newspapers Ltd|work=The Sunday Times|date=February 17, 2008|accessdate=January 18, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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      <text bytes="7624" sha1="d3fbgo4pdtphe1t2nh1f14a3zg98wgt" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:PatriciaHillCollins.jpg|thumb|210x210px|Patricia Hill Collins ]]
 

'''Patricia Hill Collins''' (amụrụ na Mee 1, 1948) bụ onye nkuzi America ọkachamara na agbụrụ, klas, na okike. Ọ bụ prọfesọ mahadum a ma ama nke sociology emerita na Mahadum Maryland, College Park . &lt;ref name=&quot;umds-profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Patricia Hill Collins: Distinguished University Professor|url=https://socy.umd.edu/facultyprofile/collins/patricia-hill|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831024442/https://socy.umd.edu/facultyprofile/collins/patricia-hill|archivedate=August 31, 2019|accessdate=9 November 2015|publisher=University of Maryland Department of Sociology}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye isi nke Ngalaba nke African-American Studies na Mahadum Cincinnati. A họpụtara Collins ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke American Sociological Association (ASA), ma jee ozi na 2009 dị ka onye isi oche 100 nke njikọ ahụ - nwanyị Africa America mbụ nwere ọkwa a.&lt;ref name=&quot;higginbotham&quot; /&gt;

Ọrụ Collins na-emetụta isi okwu metụtara agbụrụ, okike, na enweghị nhata n'ime obodo ndị Africa America. Ọ nwetara nlebara anya mba maka akwụkwọ ya Black Feminist Thought, nke e bipụtara na 1990. 

N'afọ 2023, e nyere ya onyinye Berggruen maka nkà ihe ọmụma na ọdịbendị. 

== Ezinụlọ ==
A mụrụ Patricia Hill Collins na Mee 1, 1948, na Philadelphia, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]], naanị nwa nke nne na nna abụọ bi na mpaghara ndị isi ojii, ndị ọrụ. Nna ya, Albert Hill, onye ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na onye [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]], na nne ya, Eunice Hill, odeakwụkwọ, zutere na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]. Ebe ọ bụ na nne na nna Collins na-arụ ọrụ, ọ malitere ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara mgbe ọ dị afọ abụọ na ọkara. Ịhụnanya Collins maka ịgụ na agụmakwụkwọ sitere n'aka nne ya, onye chọrọ mgbe niile ịbụ onye nkuzi Bekee ma gaa Mahadum Howard n'oge na-adịghị anya. N'enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ agụmakwụkwọ, Eunice enweghị ike gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Mgbe amuchara nwa ya nwanyị, Eunice mere ka o doo anya na a hụrụ akwụkwọ mgbe ọ dị obere, na-akụziri ya ịgụ akwụkwọ ma na-ewebata ya n'ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, Collins nwere ahụ iru ala na nchekwa na mpaghara klaasị Black ya. Mgbe ya na ndị enyi ya na-egwuri egwu n'okporo ámá n'enweghị ihe mgbochi ọ bụla, ọ tụkwasịrị obi na nchekwa nke obodo ya. Ya na ndị enyi ya ga-anọ ụbọchị ya n'èzí na-awụlikwa ụdọ na-awụlikwa elu na ngọngọ. Ọ na-atọ ya ụtọ iso ndị enyi ya na-eme ihe nkiri na ịbụ abụ. Onye na-egwu egwu, ọ nwere ike ịkpọ opi, piano, na akụkụ. Mgbe Collins nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ na-akpọ ụbọ akwara na chọọchị ya.[1] Ka ọ na-etolite, Collins malitere ịghọta na ọ bụ onye mbụ, otu n'ime mmadụ ole na ole, ma ọ bụ naanị African American na / ma ọ bụ nwanyị ma ọ bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na obodo ya. Banyere nke a, o dere:

&quot;Ahụghị m ihe ọ bụla na-adịghị mma na ịbụ onye m bụ, mana o doro anya na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ mere. Ụwa m buru ibu, mana echere m na m na-eto obere. M gbalịrị ịpụ n'ime onwe m iji gbochie mwakpo na-egbu mgbu, nke a na-eme kwa ụbọchị iji kụziere m na ịbụ onye Africa America, nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ mere ka m dị obere karịa ndị na-abụghị. &lt;ref name=&quot;higginbotham&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Higginbotham|first=Elizabeth|title=A New Perspective with Patricia Hill Collins|journal=Footnotes|date=September 2008|volume=36|issue=7|url=http://www.asanet.org/footnotes/septoct08/collins.html|accessdate=9 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Collins attended Philadelphia public schools [1] - and even at a young age, Collins recognized that he had attended a school that catered to middle-class white students. In the 1950s and 1960s, when he was in school, many schools in northern cities like Philadelphia were home to blacks from the South or immigrants from Europe. While they were well-run, they were not easy to navigate, especially for African Americans and people of color like Collins. However, he was one of the few young people who had access to education and opportunities that his parents did not have. [1]

=== Ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ===
Dị ka nwatakịrị, Collins gara Frederick Douglas Elementary School .  Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ gara Philadelphia High School for Girls (nke a maara dị ka Girls' High), nke e guzobere na 1848 dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mbụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na mba ahụ. Collins nọ na-abịa n'afọ ndị 1960, nke bụ mgbe usoro nke ịkpa ókè n'ụlọ akwụkwọ malitere  na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;higginbotham&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Higginbotham|first=Elizabeth|title=A New Perspective with Patricia Hill Collins|journal=Footnotes|date=September 2008|volume=36|issue=7|url=http://www.asanet.org/footnotes/septoct08/collins.html|accessdate=9 November 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHigginbotham2008&quot;&gt;Higginbotham, Elizabeth (September 2008). [http://www.asanet.org/footnotes/septoct08/collins.html &quot;A New Perspective with Patricia Hill Collins&quot;]. ''Footnotes''. '''36''' (7). [[American Sociological Association]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 9,&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Nke a nyere aka n'inwe mmasị na-arịwanye elu na nkà mmụta mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ụmụ nwanyị, na ime ihe maka ndị Afrịka-Amerịka na ikike obodo.&lt;ref name=&quot;higginbotham&quot; /&gt;

=== Agụmakwụkwọ kọleji ===
N'afọ 1965, Collins gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na Mahadum Brandeis dị na Waltham, Massachusetts,  dị ka onye isi na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Mgbe ọ nọ na kọleji, o wepụtara oge iji kwalite ụdị agụmakwụkwọ na-aga n'ihu n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nke obodo ndị isi ojii nke Boston.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biography of Patricia Hill Collins, American Sociologist and Feminist|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/patricia-hill-collins-3026479|accessdate=2023-09-27|work=ThoughtCo|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ cum laude na nzere Bachelor of Arts na sociology na 1969.

Ọ gara n'ihu nweta Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) na Social Science Education na Mahadum Harvard na 1970. [1] Site na 1970 ruo 1976, ọ bụ onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ, onye nkuzi, na onye nhazi obodo na St. Joseph Community School na Roxbury, Boston, na ụlọ akwụkwọ abụọ ọzọ. [1] Nke a, ọ na-ekwu, nyeere ya aka &quot;ịchọpụta njikọ dị n'etiti echiche dị oke egwu, itinye aka na-arụsi ọrụ ike, na njikere nke obodo, na-egbu oge maka afọ iri 'mbipụta ma ọ bụ ịhụnanya' paradigm nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Kama nke ahụ, ọ na-egosi m ụzọ isi bụrụ onye ndu siri ike na onye ndu nke nsogbu nsogbu na onye ndu nke omume ọma [2 anya siri ike na onye ndu nke nsogbu nsogbu na onye ndu nke omume ọma].

N'afọ 1984, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ doctorate ya na sociology na Mahadum Brandeis . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Patricia Hill Collins, '69, PhD'84|url=https://www.brandeis.edu/gittlerprize/recipients/past/collins.html|accessdate=2023-03-16|work=www.brandeis.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

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      <text bytes="29529" sha1="6y1oezy05njyecd99nz33frbda5453d" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Alicia Garza.jpg|thumb|Alicia Garza]]
 

Alicia Garza (née Schwartz; amuru Jenụwarị 4, 1981) bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ikike obodo America na onye ode akwụkwọ mara maka ịtọ ntọala Black Lives Matter Movement. Ọ bụ onye a ma ama maka ikpe ziri ezi na-elekọta mmadụ, na-elekwasị anya n'okwu metụtara obodo ndị na-enweghị isi, gụnyere ụmụ nwanyị ojii, ndị LGBTQ ++, na ndị kwabatara. Garza bụkwa odee na ọkà okwu ọha. Odewo ọtụtụ ihe gbasara agbụrụ, okike, na ikpe ziri ezi, ọrụ ya apụtawokwa n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ. Ebipụtala ihe odide ya na Time, Mic, Marie Claire, Elle, Essence, The Guardian, The Nation, The Feminist Wire, Rolling Stone, HuffPost, na Truthout. 

Garza has worked with organizations such as the National Domestic Workers Alliance and the Black Futures Lab, which focuses on building political power for Black communities. She has also engaged in community organizing efforts and initiatives aimed at creating systemic change and challenging inequality.

Garza jere ozi dị ka onye otu ụlọ ọrụ nke Forward Together's Oakland branch, Black Organizing for Leadership and Dignity, na Oakland's School of Unity and Liberation / SOUL. 

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Garza n'aka Nne naanị ya na Oakland, California. Ezinụlọ ya biri na mbụ na San Rafael na Tiburon, ma na-azụ ahịa ihe ochie, nke nwanne ya nwoke Joey, nke ji afọ asatọ tọọ ya, nyere aka mgbe e mesịrị. 

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na abụọ, Alicia tinyere aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-akwalite agụmakwụkwọ mmekọahụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ banyere [[Ibelata ịmụ ọtụtụ ụmụ|igbochi ọmụmụ]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Launch&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Marlene Wagman-Geller|title=Women Who Launch: Women Who Shattered Glass Ceilings|date=2018|publisher=Mango Media|isbn=9781633536968}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịbanye aha na Mahadum California, San Diego (UCSD), ọ gara n'ihu na ọrụ ya site n'ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ụmụ akwụkwọ ma sonye n'òtù ụmụ akwụkwọ na-akpọ maka ụgwọ dị elu maka ndị na-elekọta mahadum. 

In her final year at college, she helped organize the first Women of Color Conference, a university-wide convocation held at UCSD in 2002. She graduated in 2002 with a degree in anthropology and sociology.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Modern HERstory|author=Imani|first=Blair|publisher=Ten Speed Press|year=2018|isbn=978-0-399-58223-3|location=California|pages=24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Ịdị n'Otu na Nnwere Onwe (SOUL) ===
N'afọ 2003, Garza laghachiri na Bay Area, ebe ọ malitere mmemme ọzụzụ na agụmakwụkwọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na School of Unity and Liberation (SOUL) nke kụziiri ndị na-eto eto na-acha uhie uhie otu esi ahazi, site na itinye ha na òtù ndị dị n'ógbè na West Oakland. Garza malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Just Cause Oakland . &lt;ref name=&quot;:06&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-11-12|title=The Bay Area Roots of Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510203728/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archivedate=May 10, 2021|accessdate=2021-05-10|work=SF Weekly|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndị jikọtara ọnụ maka ndụ ka mma na Oakland (PUEBLO) ===
N'ịmecha ọzụzụ ya na SOUL, Garza sonyeere mkpọsa nke nyochara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ịbawanye nchekwa akụ na ụba maka People Of Color, na ịbawanye nchebe obodo. Ọrụ mbụ ya na PUEBLO bụ ịnakọta mmegide obodo na East Oakland megide Walmart.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-11-12|title=The Bay Area Roots of Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|accessdate=2021-05-11|work=SF Weekly|language=en-US|archivedate=May 10, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510203728/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'agbanyeghị mgbalị ahụ, Walmart mbụ na mpaghara ahụ meghere na 2005.

=== Ndị A haziri iji nweta ikike ọrụ (POWER) ===
Garza sooro otu ndị isi POWER rụọ ọrụ na Bayview-Hunters Point, ebe ọ kwadoro ikpe ziri ezi maka akụ na ụba, gburugburu ebe obibi, agbụrụ, na okike site n'ịkwalite ụlọ ọha na eze na ohere njem, ma lụọ ọgụ megide ọrụ mmepe na-ese okwu, ọ bụ ezie na emesịrị merie atụmatụ ọ kwadoro. &lt;ref name=&quot;:06&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-11-12|title=The Bay Area Roots of Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510203728/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archivedate=May 10, 2021|accessdate=2021-05-10|work=SF Weekly|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=People Organized to Win Employment Rights|url=https://www.idealist.org/en/nonprofit/fb4b977cba7e4b4e9a84f368ec0cd1a3-people-organized-to-win-employment-rights-san-francisco#:~:text=Win%20Employment%20Rights?-,About%20Us,,%20racial,%20and%20gender%20justice.|accessdate=2021-05-31|work=www.idealist.org|language=en|archivedate=June 2, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214320/https://www.idealist.org/en/nonprofit/fb4b977cba7e4b4e9a84f368ec0cd1a3-people-organized-to-win-employment-rights-san-francisco#:~:text=Win%20Employment%20Rights?-,About%20Us,,%20racial,%20and%20gender%20justice.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== National Domestic Workers Alliance ===
Mgbe ọ gachara ezumike nká dị mkpirikpi, Garza sonyeere National Domestic Workers Alliance, na-emepụta mmemme lekwasịrị anya na ndị ọrụ ụlọ ojii. Obere oge tupu nke ahụ, ya na Patrisse Cullors na Opal Tometi guzobere Black Lives Matter.
 
Yana Opal Tometi na Patrisse Cullors, Garza chepụtara hashtag Black Lives Matter. [1] [2] A na-ekwu na ọ kpaliri okwu ahụ mgbe, mgbe George Zimmerman kwụsịrị igbu ọchụ na ọnwụ nke Trayvon Martin na July 2013, o dere na Facebook: &quot;Ọ ka na-eju m anya na ndụ ojii ole na ole dị mkpa ... Ndụ anyị dị mkpa.&quot; Cullors kesara nke a na hashtag #BlackLivesMatter. O chekwara na Trayvon Martin yiri nwanne ya nwoke nke nta, Joey, nakwa na e nwere ike igbu Joey kama.

Òtù Black Lives Matter sitere na igbu ndị uwe ojii, ọdịiche agbụrụ n'ime usoro iwu mpụ nke US, ịtụ ndị mmadụ mkpọrọ, itinye ndị uwe ojii n'ọrụ agha, na ime mpụ gabigara ókè.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|first=Darren|author=Sands|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/darrensands/what-happened-to-black-lives-matter|title=What Happened To Black Lives Matter?|work=[[BuzzFeed News]]|date=June 21, 2017|language=en|accessdate=December 8, 2019|archivedate=December 12, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212143402/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/darrensands/what-happened-to-black-lives-matter}}&lt;/ref&gt; Karịsịa, a mụrụ òtù ahụ na post Garza ghọrọ ihe a ma ama mgbe ngagharị iwe pụtara na Ferguson, Missouri, mgbe ọnwụ Michael Brown gasịrị.

Garza duuru 2015 Freedom Ride gaa Ferguson, nke Cullors na Darnell Moore haziri, bụ ndị bidoro mmegharị Black Lives Matter gafee United States na gburugburu ụwa.[1] Garza anaghị ewere mmegharị Black Lives Matter ka ọ bụrụ ihe okike ya; ọ na-ahụ ọrụ ya dị ka nanị ịga n'ihu nke nguzogide ndị isi ojii na America.[2] A na-ekwupụta mmegharị ahụ na ọsụ ụzọ Garza na-eji mgbasa ozi ọha na eze hazie na United States, omume a maara dị ka &quot;mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi.&quot; Ejila omume a na mmegharị ndị ọzọ, dịka #MeToo.[3]

=== Nwanyị A naghị anabata ===
N'April 10, 2020, Garza wepụtara podcast ya, &quot;Lady Don't Take No&quot;, nke akpọrọ aha egwu &quot;Lady Do't Tek No&quot; nke Latyrx. Ọ bụ ụtụ maka Bay Area, ebe ọ na-atụle &quot;nkọwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụkụ nke ndụmọdụ mara mma&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lateefah Simon's Edges|url=https://lady-dont-take-no.simplecast.com/episodes/lateefah-simons-edges|accessdate=2021-05-10|work=lady-dont-take-no.simplecast.com|archivedate=May 11, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511115638/https://lady-dont-take-no.simplecast.com/episodes/lateefah-simons-edges}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akwụkwọ ===
Akwụkwọ mbụ Garza, The Purpose of Power: How We Come Together When We Fall Apart, bụ nke Penguin Random House bipụtara n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020. N'ịbụ nke a kọwara dị ka &quot;onye nduzi dị mkpa&quot;, akwụkwọ ahụ na-akọ akụkọ Garza dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike ma na-ekerịta ihe mmụta maka ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe n'ọdịnihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kassahun|first=Tomas|title=Blavity News &amp; Politics|url=https://blavity.com/black-lives-matter-co-founder-alicia-garza-to-release-new-book-the-purpose-of-power-this-fall|accessdate=2020-07-17|work=Blavity News &amp; Politics|language=en|archivedate=July 17, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717151023/https://blavity.com/black-lives-matter-co-founder-alicia-garza-to-release-new-book-the-purpose-of-power-this-fall}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&quot;Ihe omuma m na BLM mere ka akpụkpọ ahụ m sie ike ma mee ka obi m dị nro... ọ kụziiri m otu esi etinye aka n'ọrụ nke na-agbaji obi m kwa ụbọchị&quot;, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Garza|first=Alicia|title=The Purpose of Power: How We Come Together When We Fall Apart|year=2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garza dere n'akwụkwọ ahụ. Mgbe a jụrụ ya maka okwu a n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Angelica Ross, Garza zaghachiri, &quot;Achọrọ m ka ndị mmadụ hụ n'okpuru okpu na n'okpuru ákwà mgbochi nke ihe na-eme n'ọrụ a. Enwere m ahụmịhe nke mmetụta dị ka a napụghị m maka ọrụ a, achọrọ m ime ka mmegharị ahụ bụrụ mmadụ&quot;.

Garza bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-egbochi ụgbọ okporo ígwè BART na Oakland, California, na 2014. Ozugbo ngagharị iwe a kwụsịrị, ọ malitere ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị isi ikike obodo. Garza bụ ugbu a onye Africa America nke iri abụọ na asaa kachasị nwee mmetụta (n'azụ onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ, Patrisse Cullors) na Root 100, ndepụta kwa afọ nke ndị isi ojii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Root 100 - The Most Influential African Americans In 2020|url=https://interactives.theroot.com/root-100-2020/|accessdate=2021-05-11|work=The Root|archivedate=June 7, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607163646/https://interactives.theroot.com/root-100-2020/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-ekwu okwu n'ihu ndị na-ege ntị n'ofe mba ahụ, site na ụlọ nzukọ ndị otu gaa n'ọfịs United Nations nke High Commission on Human Rights . &lt;ref name=&quot;:06&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-11-12|title=The Bay Area Roots of Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510203728/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archivedate=May 10, 2021|accessdate=2021-05-10|work=SF Weekly|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị ọzọ ==
''The Guardian'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Profile Alicia Garza|url=https://www.theguardian.com/profile/alicia-garza|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=October 15, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Nation, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Author Alicia Garza|url=http://www.thenation.com/authors/alicia-garza/|work=The Nation|date=February 23, 2015|accessdate=October 15, 2015|archivedate=June 8, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608152536/https://www.thenation.com/authors/alicia-garza/}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Feminist Wire, &lt;ref name=&quot;FeministWire&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Garza|first=Alicia|title=A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement|url=http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/|work=The Feminist Wire|accessdate=October 15, 2015|archivedate=May 30, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530170051/https://thefeministwire.com/2014/10/blacklivesmatter-2/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rolling Stone, HuffPost, na Truthout bipụtara edemede Garza. Ọ na-eduzi ọrụ pụrụ iche ugbu a na National Domestic Workers Alliance . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/morgansimon/2020/02/19/black-futures-month-alicia-garza--economic-justice-across-gender/|title=Black Futures Month: Alicia Garza &amp; Economic Justice Across Gender|author=Simon|first=Morgan|work=[[Forbes]]|language=en|date=February 19, 2020|accessdate=April 27, 2020|archivedate=June 5, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605005250/https://www.forbes.com/sites/morgansimon/2020/02/19/black-futures-month-alicia-garza--economic-justice-across-gender/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Garza rụrụ ọrụ mbụ dị ka onye isi ndị mmadụ ahaziri iji nweta ikike ọrụ (POWER) na mpaghara San Francisco Bay. N'oge ahụ, ọ kwadoro ikike nke ndị ntorobịa iji ụgbọ njem ọha na-akwụghị ụgwọ na San Francisco, ma na-ebuso agha megide mmegbu na obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii na mpaghara ahụ.[1] Garza bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke ọtụtụ ndị otu obodo Bay Area. Ọ na-eje ozi na bọọdụ ndị isi nke Forward Together's Oakland California isi ma sonye na Black Organizing for Leadership and Dignity. [2] Ọ na-ejekwa ozi na bọọdụ ndị isi maka ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ịdị n'otu na nnwere onwe (SOUL) nke Oakland. [3] Na 2011, ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Right to the City Alliance.[4]

N'afọ 2015, a họpụtara Garza ka ọ bụrụ Community Grand Marshal maka ememe nganga nke 2015, ebe a na-ewere ya dị ka dike obodo na Oakland maka onyinye ya nye ndị LGBTQ na obodo niile. Ihe karịrị iri na abụọ ndị nhazi na ndị na-akwado Black Lives Matter mere njem na Nganga Nganga n'azụ Garza, onye nọdụrụ n'akụkụ onye na-akwado ikike transgender Miss Major, Community Grand Marshal nke afọ gara aga.[1]

=== Okwu ===
Garza presented at the 2016 Bay Area Rising event, speaking about the propagation of Black Lives Matter and human rights.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alicia Garza Speaking at Bay Area Rising 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1Bn1h3YZis|work=YouTube|date=February 17, 2016|accessdate=September 22, 2017|archivedate=April 19, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200419132103/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1Bn1h3YZis&amp;gl=US&amp;hl=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2021)&quot;&gt;better&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;source&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;needed&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

In her 2017 speech to graduating students from San Francisco State University, Garza praised the indomitable spirit of Black women who laid the foundation for activism. She emphasized their crucial role in historical events, from the Underground Railroad to contemporary protest songs. Garza recognized the significant impact of Black women voters and celebrated their magic, resilience, and diverse contributions.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/blm-alicia-garza-dedicates-commencement-black-women_n_592d7b10e4b053f2d2ae3945|title=BLM Co-Founder Delivers Ode To Black Women During Commencement Speech: 'We Are Magic'|author=Finley|first=Taryn|date=May 30, 2017|work=[[HuffPost]]|language=en|accessdate=December 8, 2019|archivedate=October 18, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018033655/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/blm-alicia-garza-dedicates-commencement-black-women_n_592d7b10e4b053f2d2ae3945}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black Lives Matter co-founder Alicia Garza represents grad students with powerful speech|work=[[YouTube]]|date=May 26, 2017|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VemmBIKWyhE|language=en|accessdate=December 8, 2019|archivedate=October 18, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018033710/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VemmBIKWyhE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2021, Garza bụ onye isi okwu na mmemme mmalite nke UC San Diego na 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Past Ceremonies|url=https://commencement.ucsd.edu/past-ceremonies/index.html|accessdate=2023-07-04|work=commencement.ucsd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Garza sonyere na mgbalị ịkwụsị ụgbọ okporo ígwè Bay Area Rapid Transit maka awa anọ na ọkara, oge ahọrọ iji gosipụta oge a hapụrụ ozu Michael Brown n'okporo ámá mgbe e gburu ya. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe kwụsịrị ụgbọ oloko ahụ ruo otu awa na ọkara site na ijide onwe ha n'ime ụgbọ oloko na n'èzí, na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume imechi ọnụ ụzọ. Ihe omume ahụ kwụsịrị mgbe ndị uwe ojii wepụrụ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe site n'ịkwatu akụkụ nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Heather|title=Meet the BART-stopping Woman Behind &quot;Black Lives Matter|url=http://grist.org/politics/stopping-a-bart-train-in-michael-browns-name/|work=Grist Magazine|date=December 4, 2014|accessdate=October 15, 2015|archivedate=October 15, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015224450/http://grist.org/politics/stopping-a-bart-train-in-michael-browns-name/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ịrụ ọrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==

=== Nnukwu nzukọ ===
Ewubere Supermajority n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2019 ma lekwasịrị anya na iwulite ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maka ụmụ nwanyị America.[1] Garza, Cecile Richards na Ai-jen Poo tọrọ ntọala Supermajority. Supermajority bu n'obi &quot;zụọ ma kpalie ụmụ nwanyị abụọ n'ofe America ka ha bụrụ ndị nhazi, ndị na-eme ihe ike, na ndị isi tupu ntuli aka 2020&quot; iji mepụta &quot;otu agbụrụ na agbụrụ dị iche iche maka ịha nhata ụmụ nwanyị&quot;.[1][2] Otu n'ime isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke Supermajority bụ ịmepụta &quot;nkwekọrịta ụmụ nwanyị ọhụrụ&quot;, na okwu ndị dị ka &quot;ikike ịtụ vootu, njikwa egbe, atụmatụ ezinụlọ, na ụgwọ ha nhata&quot; dị ka &quot;okwu onye ọ bụla&quot; maka nhoputa ndi ochichi nke 2020, na iji wuo ihe nnọchianya maka umu nwanyi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.[3] [4] Na ntuli aka nke 2020, onye nchoputa Cecile Richards kwuru na &quot;[otu ahụ ga-aga nke ọma] ma ọ bụrụ na 54% nke ndị ntuli aka na mba a bụ ụmụ nwanyị na ọ bụrụ na anyị nwere ike itinye na obodo a okwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị na-eche banyere ha wee họrọ onye isi ala nke kpebisiri ike ime ihe banyere ha. &quot; [5]

=== Ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị isi ojii ===
Na 2018, Garza weputara Black Futures Lab, nke bu n'obi na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị otu na-akwado ịkwalite amụma na-ewusi obodo ojii ike.[1] Ọrụ mbụ nke Black Futures Lab rụrụ bụ ọrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ojii, nyocha kachasị ukwuu nke ndị isi ojii kemgbe arụgharịrị na United States.[2] Nnyocha ahụ gụnyere ajụjụ gbasara isiokwu ndị dị ka àgwà ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ikere òkè, ahụmahụ na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii, echiche nke òtù ọha mmadụ, ịnweta nlekọta ahụike, na ọdịmma akụ na ụba. Black Future Labs bu n'obi iji Project Census Project chọpụta amụma dị mkpa na okwu gbasara iwu. Garza kewara oru ngo ọnụ ọgụgụ ojii ka ọ bụrụ ọmụmụ ihe dị iche iche lekwasịrị anya na ndị isi ojii LGBTQ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ojii na United States.[3]

=== Ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2016 ===
Ọ bụ ezie na Garza akatọwo [[Donald Trump]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Givens|first=Orie|title=Queer Black Lives Matter Founders Put 'Terrorist' Trump Among 'Worst Fascists in History'|url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/2016/7/22/queer-black-lives-matter-founders-put-terrorist-trump-among-worst-facists-history|work=The Advocate|accessdate=August 9, 2016|date=July 22, 2016|archivedate=August 3, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803211211/http://www.advocate.com/politics/2016/7/22/queer-black-lives-matter-founders-put-terrorist-trump-among-worst-facists-history}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọ katọkwara [[Barack Obama]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Black Lives Matter Co-Founder: Obama Overlooked Black Women|url=http://blacklivesmatter.com/category/alicia-garza|work=Black Lives Matter|accessdate=August 9, 2016|date=January 18, 2016|archivedate=August 5, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805080528/http://blacklivesmatter.com/category/alicia-garza/}}&lt;/ref&gt; maka ịnakwere &quot;ihe ndị na-ekwu okwu n'aka nri&quot; banyere &quot;ọdịiche agbụrụ na usoro ikpe ziri ezi anyị&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Mahdawi|first=Arwa|date=2020-10-17|title=Black Lives Matter's Alicia Garza: 'Leadership today doesn't look like Martin Luther King'|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/17/black-lives-matter-alicia-garza-leadership-today-doesnt-look-like-martin-luther-king|accessdate=2023-07-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana Bill Clinton, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; na [[Hillary Clinton]], na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Ndị Clintons na-eji ndị isi ojii maka ịtụ vootu, mana ha anaghị eme ihe ọ bụla maka obodo ndị isi ojii mgbe a họpụtara ha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Valentino|first=Steven|title=Alicia Garza Says No to Hillary|url=http://www.wnyc.org/story/alicia-garza-says-no-hillary|work=WYNC|accessdate=August 9, 2016|date=January 16, 2016|archivedate=August 4, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804223429/http://www.wnyc.org/story/alicia-garza-says-no-hillary/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ tụụrụ Bernie Sanders na California Democratic, mana o kwere nkwa ime ihe niile dị n'ike ya &quot;iji hụ na anyị mee ka Donald Clinton ghara iduzi anyị&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Harris-Perry|first=Melissa|title=The #BlackLivesMatter Movement Won't Support Hillary Clinton|url=http://theroottv.theroot.com/video/The-BlackLivesMatter-Movement-W|work=The Root|publisher=Gizmodo Media Group|accessdate=20 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607182240/http://theroottv.theroot.com/video/The-BlackLivesMatter-Movement-W|archivedate=June 7, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=HARRIS-PERRY|first=MELISSA|title=Today, Brittany Packnett officially and publicly endorsed Secretary Hillary Clinton for president.|url=https://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/news/a40176/brittany-packnett-hillary-clinton-endorsement/|accessdate=21 April 2019|work=Elle|date=21 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2020 ===
Garza kwuru okwu n'ihu ìgwè ụmụ akwụkwọ 200 na ntuli aka 2020 na ememe Black History Month.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ucsdguardian.org/2019/02/27/black-lives-matter-co-founder-alicia-garza-speaks-crowd-hundreds-movement-2020-election/|title=Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Alicia Garza Speaks to Crowd of Hundreds on Movement, 2020 Election|author=Faurot|first=Tyler|date=2019-02-27|work=UCSD Guardian|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-08|archivedate=December 24, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224204250/http://ucsdguardian.org/2019/02/27/black-lives-matter-co-founder-alicia-garza-speaks-crowd-hundreds-movement-2020-election/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwuru banyere otu esi akọwa Black Lives Matter Movement dị ka ndị na-emegide ndị ọcha, ndị na-eme ka iwu dị irè, ma ọ bụ òtù ndị na-eyi ọha egwu. N'okwu a, o gosipụtara nkwado maka Green New Deal, katọọ mgbochi ndị na-eme ntụli aka, ma kpọọ maka itinye aka na ndị na-atụ vootu. Garza kwadoro Elizabeth Warren na ntuli aka Democratic. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=McCammond|first=Alexi|title=Black activist group gives its first presidential endorsement to Elizabeth Warren|work=Axios|date=February 20, 2020|accessdate=May 19, 2020|url=https://www.axios.com/2020-election-elizabeth-warren-black-future-action-fund-babadf81-92fa-4c5d-b977-f5d5c3ad9861.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Recognition and awards ==
A matara Garza na ndepụta Root 100 nke ndị Africa America Achievers n'etiti afọ 25 na 45. A makwaara ya na ntuziaka Politico50 2015 maka ndị na-eche echiche, ndị na-eme ihe, na ndị ọhụụ, tinyere Cullors na Tometi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/politico50/2015/alicia-garza-patrisse-cullors-opal-tometi/|title=The POLITICO 50 - 2017 - Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, Opal Tometi|work=POLITICO Magazine|accessdate=2017-09-21|archivedate=September 22, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922052007/http://www.politico.com/magazine/politico50/2015/alicia-garza-patrisse-cullors-opal-tometi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Garza enwetala onyinye Local Hero site na ''San Francisco Bay Guardian''. Harvey Milk Democratic Club enyewo ya onyinye Bayard Rustin Community Activist Award ugboro abụọ maka ọrụ ya na-alụso ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na gentrification ọgụ na San Francisco. E nyekwara ya onyinye Jeanne Gauna Communicate Justice Award site na Centre for Media Justice . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alicia Garza Selected as Communities Choice for Grand Marshal|url=http://sfpride.org/blog/announcements/alicia-garza-selected-as-members-choice-for-community-grand-marshal/|work=San Francisco Pride|accessdate=October 15, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906010602/http://sfpride.org/blog/announcements/alicia-garza-selected-as-members-choice-for-community-grand-marshal/|archivedate=September 6, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2015, Garza, Cullors, na Tometi (dị ka &quot;The Women of #BlackLivesMatter&quot;) so na mmadụ itoolu na-esote onye Advocate's Person of the Year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt;|url=http://www.advocate.com/people/2015/11/05/person-year-finalists|title=Person of the Year: The Finalists|date=November 5, 2015|accessdate=May 30, 2017|archivedate=June 17, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617095620/http://www.advocate.com/people/2015/11/05/person-year-finalists}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha Garza n'ime ndị otu Atlantic Fellows for Racial Equity (AFRE). Ìgwè mbụ a nke 29 Atlantic Fellows lekwasịrị anya n'ịgba aka n'ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na US na South Africa na ịkpaghasị ịrị elu nke ịhụ mba n'anya na ịdị elu nke ndị ọcha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://gca.columbia.edu/news/atlantic-fellows-racial-equity-announces-inaugural-class-fellows|title=Atlantic Fellowship Announcement|date=2017-11-08|work=Columbia University|accessdate=2018-08-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620163848/https://gca.columbia.edu/news/atlantic-fellows-racial-equity-announces-inaugural-class-fellows|archivedate=June 20, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2019, Time mepụtara mkpuchi ọhụrụ 89 iji mee emume ụmụ nwanyị nke afọ malite na 1920; ọ họọrọ ya, Cullors, na Tometi maka afọ 2013.

N'afọ 2020, a kpọrọ Garza aha na ndepụta '40 Under 40' nke Magazin Fortune n'okpuru ngalaba &quot;Government and Politics&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alicia Garza {{!}} 2020 40 under 40 in Government and Politics|url=https://fortune.com/40-under-40/2020/alicia-garza/|accessdate=2020-09-13|work=Fortune|language=en|archivedate=October 18, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018033714/https://fortune.com/40-under-40/2020/alicia-garza/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2020, a gụnyere Garza na Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2020  na ndepụta nke BBC's 100 Women mara ọkwa na 23 Nọvemba 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-11-23|title=BBC 100 Women 2020: Who is on the list this year?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-55042935|accessdate=2020-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Na 2004, Garza pụtara dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike na ezinụlọ ya. Ọ lụrụ Malachi Garza, onye kansụl obodo, ruo afọ iri na atọ. Ha zutere na 2004, lụrụ na 2008, wee biri na Oakland ruo mgbe ha kwuputara njedebe nke mmekọrịta ha na 2021.[1] [2] [3]

Egbugbu nke Garza, nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke June Jọdan &quot;Poem about My Rights,&quot; na-agụ &quot;Adịghị m njọ: Aha m ezighi ezi abụghị nke m. Aha m bụ nke m,&quot; na'egosipụta njikọ dị omimi n'etiti #Black Lives Matter na mgbọrọgwụ miri emi nke ọdịbendị ndị Africa America.&lt;ref name=&quot;:06&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-11-12|title=The Bay Area Roots of Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510203728/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archivedate=May 10, 2021|accessdate=2021-05-10|work=SF Weekly|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/ &quot;The Bay Area Roots of Black Lives Matter&quot;]. ''SF Weekly''. November 12, 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210510203728/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/ Archived] from the original on May 10, 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;May 10,&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-11-12|title=The Bay Area Roots of Black Lives Matter|url=https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510203728/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-bay-area-roots-of-black-lives-matter/|archivedate=May 10, 2021|accessdate=2021-05-31|work=SF Weekly|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

* AppearancesnaC-SPAN
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    <title>Rebecca Walker</title>
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      <text bytes="16597" sha1="1ex1un16eikhvbv85l5g2m4jv1c2v6d" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Rebeccawalker.jpg|thumb|276x276px|Rebecca walker]]
 

'''Rebecca Walker''' (onye amụrụ '''Rebecca Leventhal'''; November 17, 1969) bụ onye edemede America, onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, na onye na-eme ihe ike. A na-ewere Walker dị ka otu n'ime olu ndị a ma ama nke Third Wave Feminism, na onye mepụtara okwu ahụ bụ &quot;third wave&quot;, kemgbe o bipụtara edemede 1992 banyere ụmụ nwanyị na magazin ''Ms.'' nke a na-akpọ &quot;Becoming the Third Wave&quot;, ebe o kwupụtara: &quot;Abụ m Third Wave. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://heathengrrl.blogspot.com/2007/02/becoming-third-wave-by-rebecca-walker.html|title=HeathenGrrl's Blog: Becoming the Third Wave by Rebecca Walker&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;|date=February 28, 2007|accessdate=December 6, 2011|archivedate=April 4, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404030632/http://heathengrrl.blogspot.com/2007/02/becoming-third-wave-by-rebecca-walker.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/rebecca-walker/anita-hill_b_1031311.html|title=Anita Hill Woke Us Up|author=Walker|first=Rebecca|date=October 27, 2011|work=HuffPost|accessdate=April 19, 2017|archivedate=March 31, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331125109/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anita-hill_b_1031311}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe odide, nkuzi, na okwu Walker na-elekwasị anya na agbụrụ, okike, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ike, na ọdịbendị.&lt;ref name=&quot;About&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rebeccawalker.com/about|title=About|work=rebeccawalker.com|accessdate=April 19, 2017|archivedate=July 4, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704055828/http://www.rebeccawalker.com/about}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rosenbloom&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/18/fashion/18walker.html|title=Alice Walker – Rebecca Walker – Feminist – Feminist Movement – Children|author=Rosenbloom|first=Stephanie|date=March 18, 2007|work=The New York Times|accessdate=April 19, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọrụ ya, o nyere aka guzobe Third Wave Fund nke gbanwere n'ime Third Wave Foundation, nzukọ na-akwado ụmụ agbọghọ na-acha, ndị na-eme ihe ike, ndị na ndị na-enwe mmekọahụ, na ndị na'otu n'otu site n'inye ngwá ọrụ na ihe onwunwe ha chọrọ ka ha bụrụ ndị isi na obodo ha site na ọrụ na ọrụ ebere.&lt;ref name=&quot;About&quot; /&gt;

Walker na-ede ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ma na-ekwu okwu banyere okike, agbụrụ, akụ na ụba, na ikpe ziri ezi na mahadum dị na United States na mba ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Speaking&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rebeccawalker.com/speaking-engagements|title=Speaking|work=rebeccawalker.com|accessdate=April 19, 2017|archivedate=July 20, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720182419/http://www.rebeccawalker.com/speaking-engagements}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1994, Time kpọrọ Walker dịka otu n'ime ndị isi 50 nke America. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Miller|first=Zeke J.|title=What Happened to the 'Future Leaders' of the 1990s?|date=December 5, 2014|url=https://time.com/3618532/future-leaders-of-the-1990s/|accessdate=August 17, 2015|archivedate=March 31, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331125108/http://time.com/3618532/future-leaders-of-the-1990s/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ya apụtala na akwụkwọ ndị gụnyere The Washington Post, The Huffington Post, Salon, Glamour, na Essence ma gosipụta ya na CNN na MTV.&lt;ref name=&quot;FullBiography&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rebeccawalker.com/biography-3|title=Full Biography|work=rebeccawalker.com|accessdate=April 19, 2017|archivedate=November 20, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120193612/http://www.rebeccawalker.com/biography-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Rebecca Leventhal na 1969 na Jackson, Mississippi, ada Alice Walker, onye edemede America-Afrika nke ọrụ ya gụnyere The Color Purple, na Melvyn R. Leventhal, onye ọka iwu ikike obodo America. Ndị mụrụ ya lụrụ na New York tupu ha akwaga Mississippi ịrụ ọrụ na ikike obodo.[1] Mgbe ndị mụrụ ya gbasịrị alụkwaghịm na 1976, Walker nọrọ n'oge ọ bụ nwata na-atụgharị n'etiti ụlọ nna ya na Bronx na agbata nne ya nke ndị Africa America na San Francisco. Walker gara ụlọ akwụkwọ obodo nke San Francisco.[2]

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, o kpebiri ịgbanwe aha nna ya site na Leventhal gaa na Walker, aha nna nne ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rosenbloom|first=Stephanie|date=March 18, 2007|title=Evolution of a Feminist Daughter|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/18/fashion/18walker.html?_r=1&amp;pagewanted=all|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214231451/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/18/fashion/18walker.html?_r=1&amp;pagewanted=all|archivedate=February 14, 2017|accessdate=April 7, 2011|work=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]], ebe ọ gụsịrị klas ''cum laude'' na 1992. Walker na-akọwa onwe ya dị ka onye Juu, White na Black; akwụkwọ ncheta ya nke afọ 2000 akpọrọ Black, White, and Jewish: Autobiography of a Shifting Self . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Walker|first=Rebecca|title=Black, White, and Jewish: Autiobiography of a Shifting Self|publisher=Riverhead Books|year=2000|isbn=9781573221696}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị ==

=== Akụrụngwa nke Atọ ===
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na [[Yale University|Mahadum Yale]], ya na Shannon Liss (nke bụ Shannon Less-Riordan ugbu a) guzobere Third Wave Fund, otu na-enweghị uru nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịgba ụmụ agbọghọ ume itinye aka na ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na idu ndú.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nyunews.com/2016/04/21/third-wave-feminism/|title=Third-Wave Feminism|author=Bazeley|first=Alex|date=April 21, 2016|work=Washington Square News|accessdate=August 2, 2019|archivedate=March 31, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331125111/https://nyunews.com/2016/04/21/third-wave-feminism/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebumnuche mbụ nke nzukọ ahụ, dabere na edemede Walker, bụ &quot;jupụta oghere na idu ndú ụmụ agbọghọ na ịkpali ndị na-eto eto itinye aka na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na obodo ha. &quot;  N'afọ mbụ ya, nzukọ ahụ malitere mkpọsa nke debanyere aha ihe karịrị ndị ọhụrụ 20,000 na United States. Nzukọ ahụ na-enye onyinye ugbu a maka ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ọrụ ndị na-akwado ụmụ agbọghọ. A gbanwere ego ahụ ka ọ bụrụ The Third Wave Foundation na 1997 ma na-aga n'ihu na-akwado ndị na-eto eto. N'ihi ntuli aka onye isi ala nke November 2016 na United States, nzukọ ahụ natara ihe karịrị okpukpu anọ nke arịrịọ maka enyemaka mberede.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thirdwavefund.org/index.html|title=Welcome to Third Wave Fund!|work=Third Wave Fund|accessdate=April 20, 2017|archivedate=March 31, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331125114/http://thirdwavefund.org/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ịkụzi ihe ===
Walker na-ele nkuzi anya dị ka ụzọ isi nye ndị mmadụ ike ikwu eziokwu, ịgbanwe echiche, na inye ndị mmadụ ikike ịgbanwe ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Speaking&quot; /&gt; Ọ na-akụzi banyere ide ihe ncheta, ọtụtụ ọgbọ ụmụ nwanyị, ọdịiche dị na mgbasa ozi, njirimara agbụrụ dị iche iche, nka anya nke oge a na ọdịbendị na-apụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Speaking&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwu okwu ==
Walker na-elekwasị anya n'ikwu okwu banyere ụdị omenala dị iche iche (gụnyere nke ya), mmụta ụmụ nwoke, na nsogbu ụmụ nwanyị na ọgbọ nke atọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, mahadum, na ogbako gburugburu ụwa. Ọ na-ekwu okwu na Harvard, Exeter, Head Royce, Oberlin, MIT_College&quot; id=&quot;mwhQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Smith College&quot;&gt;Smith, MIT, Xavier, Stanford,[1] na Louisiana State University. na nha nhata, National Organisation for Women, na Hewitt Associates Na United States, e gosipụtara ya na mgbasa ozi ama ama dị ka Good Morning America, The Oprah Winfrey Show, na Charlie Rose.

== Akwụkwọ na ederede ==

=== Ọrụ ndị dị mkpa ===
Ọrụ mbụ Walker rụrụ bụ akwụkwọ To Be Real: Telling the Truth and Changing the Face of Feminism (1996), nke nwere akụkọ ndị ọ chịkọtara na dezie. Akwụkwọ ahụ nyochara mmegharị nwanyị nke oge ahụ. Dị ka onye nchọpụta Emilie Fale, osote prọfesọ nke nkwurịta okwu na Ithaca College, na-akọwa, sị: &quot;Ndị na-enye onyinye iri abụọ na atọ na-enye aka na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ezigbo mmadụ na-enye echiche dịgasị iche iche na ahụmahụ ndị na-agbagha echiche anyị banyere nkwenkwe ụmụ nwanyị ka ha na-ekwurịta banyere mmiri siri ike nke ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị njirimara, na &quot;ike ụmụ nwanyị.&quot; Ahụmahụ na ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị [2] Ndị nyere aka gụnyere ndị edemede nwanyị dị ka mgbịrịgba nko na Naomi Wolf Dị ka webụsaịtị Walker si kwuo, a kuziri akwụkwọ a na mmemme ọmụmụ nwoke na nwanyị gburugburu ụwa.

N'akwụkwọ ya Black, White and Jewish: Autobiography of a Shifting Self (2000), Walker na-akọ banyere mmalite ya na Mississippi dị ka nwa nke nne na nna na-arụ ọrụ n'oge afọ ikpeazụ nke Civil Rights Movement. Ọ na-akọkwa banyere ndụ tara akpụ nke iso nne na nna abụọ na-arụkọ ọrụ biri, bụ́ nke o kwuru na o mere ka ha kewapụ. Ọ na-atụle ihe ịma aka ndị dị n'ịbịa na mgba na ihe ịma aka nke ịbanye n'ime obodo nwere ndị na-eso ya siri ike. Ọ na-atụlekwa ahụmahụ ya na ike ya dị ka nwanyị na-enweghị agbụrụ.[1]

Her 2007 memoir ''Baby Love: Choosing Motherhood After A Lifetime of Ambivalence'' explores her life with a stepson and biological son against a framework of feminism. Walker was criticized for her stigmatizing views on biological parenthood being superior to adoptive parenthood and adoptive parents boycotted her work.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2007/may/26/familyandrelationships.family2|title='Can I survive having a baby? Will I lose myself ... ?'|date=2007-05-27|accessdate=2024-02-24|author=Krum|first=Sharon}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Walker bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na-enye aka na magazin ''Ms.'' ruo ọtụtụ afọ. E bipụtara ihe odide ya n'ọtụtụ magazin, dị ka ''Harper''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'s, Essence, Glamour, Interview, ''Buddhaadharma'', Vibe, Child, na Mademoiselle magazin. Ọ pụtara na CNN na MTV, a kọwakwara ya na ''The New York Times'', Chicago Times, ''Esquire'', Shambhala Sun, n'etiti akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. Walker akụziwo ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ''Isi Ihe'' na nzukọ mba ụwa na mmemme MFA. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;FullBiography&quot; /&gt;

E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, Adé: A Love Story, n'afọ 2013. Ọ na-egosi nwa akwụkwọ kọleji nwere agbụrụ abụọ, Farida, onye hụrụ Adé, nwoke ojii Kenya n'anya. Atụmatụ di na nwunye ahụ ịlụ bụ nke a kwụsịrị mgbe Farida butere ịba ma ha abụọ ga-alụ ọgụ site na agha obodo na Kenya. Ndị nkatọ na ndị nkịtị nabatara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nke ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/ad%C3%A9-love-story|title=Review: Adé: A Love Story|work=nyjournalofbooks.com|author=Schultz, Laurie|accessdate=April 20, 2017|archivedate=April 20, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420144140/http://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/ad%C3%A9-love-story}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Walker bụ nwoke na nwanyị. Ọ lụrụ onye egwu neo-soul bụ Meshell Ndegeocello, onye o nyere aka zụlite ọbụna mgbe mmekọrịta ha kwụsịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot; /&gt;

Ọ lụrụ onye edemede bụ Rachel M. Harper kemgbe afọ 2012.

Ozugbo ya na nne ya Alice Walker kewapụrụ onwe ya, ya na ya emeela udo, ha abụọ apụtawokwa n'ihe omume edemede ọnụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rebecca Walker Explains Rift With Mother, Alice|work=NPR.org|date=July 9, 2008|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92373475|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802185904/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92373475|archivedate=August 2, 2019|accessdate=August 2, 2019|publisher=NPR}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=PhD|first=Nsenga K. Burton|date=August 1, 2019|title=Alice Walker: Hometown Celebrates Literary Legend's 75th Birthday|url=https://www.blackpressusa.com/alice-walker-hometown-celebrates-literary-legends-75th-birthday/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802054347/https://www.blackpressusa.com/alice-walker-hometown-celebrates-literary-legends-75th-birthday/|archivedate=August 2, 2019|accessdate=August 2, 2019|work=BlackPressUSA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sneed|first=Shannon|date=July 18, 2019|title=Alice Walker comes home|url=https://www.msgr.com/article/alice-walker-comes-home|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802185904/https://www.msgr.com/article/alice-walker-comes-home|archivedate=August 2, 2019|accessdate=August 2, 2019|work=Eatonton Messenger}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Ịbụ Eziokwu: Ịkọ Eziokwu na Ịgbanwe Ihu nke Feminism (1996) (onye nchịkọta akụkọ) 
* Black, White and Jewish: Autobiography of a Shifting Self (2000) 
* Ihe Na-eme Nwoke: 22 Ndị edemede Chepụta Ọdịnihu (2004) (onye nchịkọta akụkọ) 
* Ịhụnanya Nwa: Ịhọrọ Ịbụ Nne Mgbe Ndụ nke Ambivalence (2007) 
* Otu Nnukwu Ezinụlọ Obi Ụtọ: Ndị edemede 18 na-ekwu maka Polyamory, Open Adoption, Mixed Marriage, Househusbandry, Single Motherhood, na Ihe Ndị Ọzọ nke Eziokwu nke Ezi Ịhụnanya Ọgbara Ọhụrụ (2009) (onye nchịkọta akụkọ) 
* Black Cool: One Thousand Streams of Blackness (Soft Skull Press, February 2012) (onye nchịkọta akụkọ) 
* Adé: A Love Story (2013), (akwụkwọ akụkọ) 

== Ihe nkiri ==
Na ihe nkiri 1998 Primary Colors, a roman à clef banyere mkpọsa onye isi ala nke Bill Clinton na 1992, Walker mere onye March.

Na Machị 2014, a kọrọ na a họọrọ ikike ihe nkiri maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya Adé: A Love Story (2013) na [[Madonna]] ga-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-madonna-to-film-rebecca-walkers-ade-a-love-story-20140325,0,649899.story|title=Madonna to film Rebecca Walker's 'Ade: A Love Story'|author=Kellogg|first=Carolyn|date=March 25, 2014|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=February 21, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye ==

* Women of Distinction Award from the American Association of University Women,
* &quot;Feminist of the Year&quot; award from the Fund for the Feminist Majority,
* &quot;Paz y Justicia&quot; award from the Vanguard Public Foundation,
* &quot;Intrepid Award&quot; from the National Organization for Women,
* &quot;Champion of Choice&quot; award from the California Abortion Rights Action League,
* &quot;Women Who Could Be President Award&quot; from the League of Women Voters.

Walker is featured in ''The Advocate''′s &quot;Forty Under 40&quot; issue of June/July 2009 as one of the most influential &quot;out&quot; media professionals.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Forty Under 40|date=June–July 2009|url=http://www.advocate.com/printArticle.aspx?id=72359|work=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|accessdate=April 7, 2011|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20100116115043/http://www.advocate.com/printArticle.aspx?id=72359|archivedate=January 16, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Alice Walker
* Anita Hill
* Ụmụ nwanyị ojii
* Ịbụ onye inyom
* Intersectionality
* Ugboro nke atọ nke ụmụ nwanyị

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://heathengrrl.blogspot.com/2007/02/becoming-third-wave-by-rebecca-walker.html &quot;Ịghọ Wave nke Atọ&quot; nke Rebecca Walker]
* Curry, Ginette &quot;Toubab La!&quot;: Ihe ngosi nke ndị agbụrụ dị iche iche na African Diaspora, Newcastle, England: Cambridge Scholars Pub. , 2007.
* [http://www.rebeccawalker.com Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị]
* [https://www.myspace.com/officialrebeccawalker Peeji Myspace nke gọọmentị]
* {{IMDb name|0505296}}
* [http://thirdwavefund.org/index.html Ntọala nke Atọ]
* Rebecca Walker, Nkwupụta: Black, White, and Jewish: Autobiography of a Shifting Self, The Multiracial Activist, December 1, 2000
* Akụkọ Book Forum E debere ya na February 14, 2017, na Wayback Machine
* Editorial Work, Greater Good Magazine, Summer 2008
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Alice Malsenior Tallulah-Kate Walker (amuru Febụwarị 9, 1944) [1] bụ onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ America, onye edemede obere akụkọ na onye na-akwado mmekọrịta. Na 1982, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị Africa mbụ nke America meriri Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, nke ọ meriri maka akwụkwọ akụkọ ya The Color Purple.[2][3] N'ime oge ọrụ ya, Walker ebipụtala akwụkwọ akụkọ iri na asaa na nchịkọta akụkọ mkpirisi, ọrụ iri na abụọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo, na mkpokọta nke edemede na uri.

Walker, onye amụrụ n'ime ime obodo Georgia, meriri ihe ịma aka dị ka mmerụ ahụ nwata na ịkpa oke ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ede okwu ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji Sarah Lawrence. Ọ malitere ọrụ agụmagụ ya site n'akwụkwọ mbụ nke abụ uri, Ozugbo, ma mesịa dee akwụkwọ akụkọ, gụnyere ọrụ ya kacha mara amara, The Color Purple. Dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike, Walker na-ekere òkè na Civil Rights Movement, na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị nke agba site na okwu ahụ bụ &quot;nwanyị,&quot; ma tinye aka na ikike anụmanụ na pacifism. Na mgbakwunye, o kwenyesiri ike na esemokwu Israel na Palestine, na-akwado mkpọsa nke Boycott, Divestment, na Sanctions megide Israel.

Walker echeela ọtụtụ ebubo nke Mmegide ndị Juu ihu n'ihi otuto ya maka onye Britain na-akọwa nkwekọrịta David Icke na ọrụ ya, nke nwere echiche nkwekọrịta megide ndị Juu, yana nkatọ nke ihe odide nke ya.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Alice Malsenior Walker na Eatonton, Georgia, obodo ọrụ ugbo n'ime ime obodo, nke Willie Lee Walker na Minnie Tallulah Grant.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bates|first=Gerri|title=Alice Walker: A Critical Companion|url=https://archive.org/details/alicewalkercriti0000bate|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2005|isbn=9780313069093|oclc=62321382}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nne na nna Walker abụọ bụ [[Ịkụ nta|ndị na-ekere òkè]], ọ bụ ezie na nne ya rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye na-akwa akwa iji nwetakwuo ego. Walker, nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ asatọ, debanyere aha ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ mgbe ọ dị naanị afọ anọ na East Putnam Consolidated. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:06&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.emory.edu/alicewalker/sub-about.htm|title=About Alice Walker|author=The Officers of the Alice Walker Literary Society|publisher=Alice Walker Literary Society|accessdate=June 15, 2015|archivedate=June 25, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625040640/http://www.emory.edu/alicewalker/sub-about.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka onye dị afọ asatọ, Walker merụrụ ahụ n'anya aka nri ya mgbe otu n'ime ụmụnne ya gbara Mgbọ BB.&lt;ref name=&quot;:06&quot;/&gt; Ebe ọ bụ na ezinụlọ ya enweghị ike ịnweta ụgbọ ala, Walker enweghị ike ịnata nlekọta ahụike ozugbo, na-eme ka ọ kpọnwụọ kpamkpam na anya ahụ. Ọ bụ mgbe mmerụ ahụ n'anya ya gasịrị ka Walker malitere ịgụ na ide ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; E wepụrụ anụ ahụ mgbe Walker dị afọ iri na anọ, mana akara ka dị. A kọwara ya na edemede ya &quot;Beauty: When the Other Dancer is the Self&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;:06&quot; /&gt;

Ka ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na Eatonton kewapụrụ, Walker gara naanị ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ojii: Butler Baker High School. [1] N'ebe ahụ, ọ gara n'ihu na-abụ onye valedictorian, na 1961, steeti Georgia nyere ya akwụkwọ mmụta zuru oke maka ịbụ nwa akwụkwọ kacha elu na klaasị ya. [2] Ọ chọtara mmadụ abụọ n'ime ndị prọfesọ ya, Howard Zinn na Staughton Lynd, ka ha bụrụ ndị isi ya n'oge ya na Spelman, mana ebufere ha abụọ mgbe afọ abụọ gachara. [1] Enyere Walker akwụkwọ mmụta ọzọ, oge a na kọleji Sarah Lawrence dị na Yonkers, New York, mgbe a chụrụ ya prọfesọ Spelman, Howard Zinn, Walker nakweere onyinye ahụ. [3] Walker tụụrụ ime n'isi n'oge agadi ya wee nwee ite ime; ahụmahụ a, tinyere echiche igbu onwe ndị sochirinụ, kpaliri ọtụtụ n'ime abụ ndị a chọtara n'otu oge, nchịkọta uri mbụ nke Walker. [3] Walker gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji Sarah Lawrence na 1965.[3]

== Ọrụ ide ihe ==
[[Faịlụ:Alice_Walker_signing_autographs_at_the_Zora_Neale_Hurston_Festival_of_the_Arts_and_Humanities-_Eatonville,_Florida.jpg|thumb|Walker na-etinye aka na [[Flórídạ|Florida]] na 1990]]
Walker dere uri ndị ga-eme ka akwụkwọ uri mbụ ya, nke akpọrọ Once, mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na East Africa na n'oge afọ ikpeazụ ya na Sarah Lawrence College.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Once (1968)|url=http://alicewalkersgarden.com/2010/09/book-poetry-once-1968/|work=Alice Walker The Official Website for the American Novelist &amp; Poet|date=September 28, 2010|accessdate=March 12, 2017|archivedate=February 26, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226150618/http://alicewalkersgarden.com/2010/09/book-poetry-once-1968/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Walker ga-ede uri ya n'okpuru ọnụ ụzọ ọfịs nke prọfesọ ya na onye nduzi ya, Muriel Rukeyser, mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Sarah Lawrence. Rukeyser gosipụtara onye nnọchi anya akwụkwọ ya uri ndị ahụ. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich bipụtara ya otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/2001/09/16/muriel-rukeyser-was-21-when-he/ec05fd62-733c-4827-9260-6c60996ec212/|title=Muriel Rukeyser was 21 when he ...|date=September 16, 2001|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=March 26, 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Walker rụrụ ọrụ nwa oge maka Ngalaba Ahụike New York, tupu ọ laghachi na South. Ọ nwetara ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ maka Legal Defense Fund nke National Association for the Advancement of Colored People na Jackson, Mississippi.[1] Walker rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye ndụmọdụ na akụkọ ntolite ojii na mmemme ndị enyi nke Children of Mississippi Head Start. O mechara laghachi na ide dị ka onye edemede na Mahadum Jackson State (1968 – 69) na Tougaloo College (1970 – 71). Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ya na Tougaloo College, Walker bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, The Third Life of Grange Copeland, na 1970. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-enyocha ndụ Grange Copeland, onye mmegbu, enweghị ọrụ, di, na nna.

N'oge a, Walker bipụtara ọrụ ya n'akwụkwọ nta akụkọ Women and Women in the South, nke e jikọtara ya na mbipụta ụmụ nwanyị, gụnyere Sinister Wisdom na Feminary. Ụmụ nwanyị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ bụ mbọ nke ọgbọ nke abụọ na-agba mbọ iji guzobe netwọk ọhụrụ nke akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị, ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ, na ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ nke ụmụ nwanyị mepụtara na maka. Mgbe e mesịrị, na National Feminist Bookstore Week na 1995, Walker bịanyere aka na &quot;Nkwenye Ndị Odeakwụkwọ Ụmụ nwanyị&quot; na-ekwenye na ọ dị mkpa ide ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị, yana Jeelle Gomez, Tee Corinne, Dorothy Allison, na Blanche McCrary Boyd.[1][2]

N'afọ 1973, tupu ọ bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke magazin Ms, Walker na onye ọkà mmụta akwụkwọ Charlotte D. Hunt chọpụtara ili na-enweghị akara ha kwenyere na ọ bụ nke [[Zora Neale Hurston]] na Ft. Pierce, Florida. Walker ji akara na-acha ntụ ntụ mee ka ọ pụta ìhè na-ekwu ZORA NEALE HURSTON / A GENIUS OF THE SOUTH / NOVELIST FOLKLORIST / ANTHROPOLOGIST / 1901-1960.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.urchinmovement.com/2013/02/05/a-headstone-for-an-aunt-how-alice-walker-found-zora-neale-hurston/|title=A Headstone for an Aunt: How Alice Walker Found Zora Neale Hurston – The Urchin Movement|work=www.urchinmovement.com|accessdate=May 7, 2018|archivedate=May 8, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508053739/http://www.urchinmovement.com/2013/02/05/a-headstone-for-an-aunt-how-alice-walker-found-zora-neale-hurston/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Plant2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Deborah G.|author=Plant|title=Zora Neale Hurston: A Biography of the Spirit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aZfcDixewEYC&amp;pg=PA57|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-98751-0|pages=57–}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akụkụ &quot;a genius of the south&quot; sitere na uri Jean Toomer ''Georgia Dusk'', nke pụtara n'akwụkwọ ya Cane . &lt;ref name=&quot;Plant2007&quot; /&gt; A mụrụ Hurston n'ezie na 1891, ọ bụghị 1901.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Boyd|first=Valerie|authorlink=Valerie Boyd|title=Wrapped in Rainbows: The Life of Zora Neale Hurston|year=2003|publisher=Scribner|location=New York|isbn=978-0-684-84230-1|url=https://archive.org/details/wrappedinrainbow00boyd/page/17}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hurston|first=Lucy Anne|title=Speak, So You Can Speak Again: The Life of Zora Neale Hurston|year=2004|publisher=Doubleday|location=New York|isbn=978-0-385-49375-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akụkọ Walker nke 1975 &quot;N'ịchọ Zora Neale Hurston&quot;, nke e bipụtara na magazin Ms ma mesịa degharịa aha ya bụ &quot;Chọọ maka Zora&quot;, nyere aka mee ka ọrụ nke onye edemede na onye ọrụ mmadụ pụta ìhè.[1][2] Na 1976, akwụkwọ akụkọ nke abụọ Walker, Meridian_(novel)&quot; Meridian, e bipụtara. Meridian bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere mgba nke ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ na South n'oge mmeghari ikike obodo, na ihe omume ndị yiri ụfọdụ n'ime Walker nke a ma ama na-arụ ọrụ 192 nke ihe kachasị na-eme na agba. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-esote nwanyị ojii nwere nsogbu bụ onye ọ bụghị naanị na ọ na-agbasi mbọ ike ịnyagharịa n'ọdịbendị ojii, akwụkwọ ahụ ghọrọ onye na-ere ahịa kacha mma ma mechaa mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe nkiri na-ewu ewu na 1985 nke Steven Spielberg duziri, bụ Oprah Winfrey na Whoopi Goldberg.

Walker edeela ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere The Temple of My Familiar (1989) na Possessing the Secret of Joy (1992) (nke gosipụtara ọtụtụ ihe odide na ụmụ nke ihe odide sitere na The Color Purple). O bipụtara ọtụtụ nchịkọta akụkọ mkpirikpi, uri, na ihe odide ndị ọzọ. Ọrụ ya lekwasịrị anya na ọgụ nke Ndị isi ojii, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị, na ndụ ha na agbụrụ, nwoke na nwanyị, na ime ihe ike. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.celebritytalent.net/sampletalent/187/alice-walker/|title=Alice Walker Booking Agent for Corporate Functions, Events, Keynote Speaking, or Celebrity Appearances|work=celebritytalent.net|accessdate=October 23, 2015|archivedate=January 16, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116010709/http://www.celebritytalent.net/sampletalent/187/alice-walker/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://blackhistory.com/content/61723/alice-walker|title=Alice Walker|work=blackhistory.com|accessdate=October 23, 2015|archivedate=September 10, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910011201/http://blackhistory.com/content/61723/alice-walker}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.biblio.com/alice-walker~125189~author|title=Alice Walker|work=biblio.com|accessdate=October 23, 2015|archivedate=November 17, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117035811/http://www.biblio.com/alice-walker~125189~author}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.litlovers.com/reading-guides/13-fiction/211-color-purple-walker?start=1|title=The Color Purple – Alice Walker – Author Biography – LitLovers|first=Molly|author=Lundquist|work=litlovers.com|accessdate=October 23, 2015|archivedate=September 6, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906053417/http://www.litlovers.com/reading-guides/13-fiction/211-color-purple-walker?start=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1993, Alice Walker so dee akwụkwọ akụkọ, Warrior Marks, ya na onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị, Pratibha Parmar. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ dabeere n'isiokwu nke Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) na Sexual Blinding of Women. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-ewere ọnọdụ n'Africa, ebe ha abụọ gbara ọtụtụ ndị lanarịrị FGM ajụjụ ọnụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-achọ igosipụta ihe kpatara mmekọrịta ọha na eze na ọdịbendị n'azụ omume ahụ site n'inye ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-emegide nsogbu a ikpo okwu.

N'afọ 2000, Walker wepụtara nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, nke dabeere na ndụ ya, nke akpọrọ The Way Forward Is With a Broken Heart, na-enyocha ịhụnanya na mmekọrịta agbụrụ. N'akwụkwọ a, Walker kọwapụtara mmekọrịta agbụrụ ya na Melvyn Rosenman Leventhal, onye ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ nke na-arụkwa ọrụ na [[Mississippi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2001/feb/25/fiction.features1|title=Interview: Alice Walker|author=Campbell|first=Duncan|authorlink=Duncan Campbell (journalist, born 1944)|date=February 25, 2001|work=[[The Observer]]|language=en|accessdate=March 26, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ na Machị 17, 1967, na New York City, ebe ọ bụ na alụmdi na nwunye agbụrụ bụ iwu na-akwadoghị na South, ma gbaa alụkwaghịm na 1976.  Ha nwere nwa nwanyị, Rebecca, n'afọ 1969.&lt;ref name=&quot;:06&quot;/&gt; [[Rebecca Walker]], naanị nwa Alice Walker, bụ onye edemede America, onye nchịkọta akụkọ, onye na-ese ihe, na onye na-eme ihe ike. The Third Wave Foundation, bụ ego na-eme ngagharị iwe, bụ nke Rebecca na Shannon Liss-Riordan guzobere.   &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/18/fashion/18walker.html|title=Alice Walker – Rebecca Walker – Feminist – Feminist Movement – Children|author=Rosenbloom|first=Stephanie|date=March 18, 2007|work=The New York Times|accessdate=March 26, 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.centerfornonprofitexcellence.org/grantmakers-directory/third-wave-foundation|title=Third Wave Foundation|author=test|date=January 5, 2011|work=Center for Nonprofit Excellence in Central New Mexico|language=en|accessdate=March 26, 2018|archivedate=April 5, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405090539/https://www.centerfornonprofitexcellence.org/grantmakers-directory/third-wave-foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thirdwavefund.org/history--past-initiatives.html|title=Third Wave History|work=Third Wave Fund|language=en|accessdate=August 2, 2019|archivedate=July 21, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721221832/https://www.thirdwavefund.org/history--past-initiatives.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nne nkuzi ya bụ onye nduzi Alice Walker na onye guzobere magazin Ms, Gloria Steinem . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 2007, Walker nyere nchịkọta ya, nke nwere igbe 122 nke ihe odide na ebe nchekwa, n'aka akwụkwọ edemede nke Mahadum Emory, Archives, na Rare Book Library.[1] Na mgbakwunye na ihe odide maka akwụkwọ akụkọ dị ka The Agba Purple, uri na edemede ndị a na-ebipụtaghị, na nzikọrịta ozi na ndị editọ, mkpokọta ahụ gụnyere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ozi na ezinụlọ, ndị enyi, na ndị ọrụ ibe, ihe nkiri mbụ maka The Agba Purple, syllabi sitere na nkuzi ọ kuziri, na akwụkwọ nkwado. Nchịkọta ahụ gụnyekwara nchịkọta uri e dere mgbe Walker dị afọ iri na ise, nke akpọrọ &quot;Poems of a Childhood Poetess&quot;.

N'afọ 2013, Alice Walker bipụtara akwụkwọ ọhụrụ abụọ, otu n'ime ha akpọrọ The Cushion in the Road: Meditation and Wandering as the Whole World Awakens to Being in Harm's Way. Nke ọzọ bụ akwụkwọ uri akpọrọ The World Will Follow Joy: Turning Madness into Flowers (New Poems).

== Mgbalị ==

=== Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ ===
Walker met [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]] when she was a student at Spelman College in the early 1960s. She credits King for her decision to return to the American South as an activist in the Civil Rights Movement. She took part in the 1963 March on Washington with hundreds of thousands of people. Later, she volunteered to register Black voters in Georgia and Mississippi.

Na Machị 8, 2003, Ụbọchị Ụmụ nwanyị Mba Nile, na mbido Agha Iraq, e jidere Walker na ndị ọzọ 26, gụnyere ndị edemede ibe ya Maxine Hong Kingston na Terry Tempest Williams, na ngagharị iwe n'èzí White House, maka ịgafe akara ndị uwe ojii n'oge nzukọ ndị na-emegide agha. Walker dere banyere ahụmịhe ahụ na edemede ya &quot;We Are the Ones We Have Been Waiting For&quot;.

Ụdị ụmụ nwanyị nke Walker gụnyere nkwado maka ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara. N'afọ 1983, Walker chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ nwanyị na nchịkọta ya bụ In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens, nke pụtara &quot;onye Black feminist ma ọ bụ onye Black feminist of color&quot;. E mere okwu a iji jikọta ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara na òtù ụmụ nwanyị na &quot;nkwekọrịta agbụrụ, ọkwa, na mmegbu nwoke na nwanyị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Deeper shades of purple : womanism in religion and society|date=2006|publisher=New York University Press|editor=Floyd-Thomas|isbn=978-0814727522|location=New York|oclc=64688636}}&lt;/ref&gt; Walker na-ekwu na &quot;'Womanism' na-enye anyị okwu nke anyị&quot;. n'ihi na ọ bụ okwu banyere ụmụ nwanyị ojii na nsogbu ha na-eche ihu na ọha. Womenism dị ka otu ihe mere na 1985 na American Academy of Religion na Society of Biblical Literature iji dozie nchegbu ụmụ nwanyị ojii site na ọgụgụ isi, anụ ahụ, na nke ime mmụọ ha. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Taa, echiche ụmụ nwanyị ya ka na-aga n'ihu n'ime ọtụtụ òtù gụnyere Black Lives Matter Movement nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii guzobere na nzaghachi maka obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii megide ụmụ nwoke ojii. Nkà ihe ọmụma nke ụmụ nwanyị bụkwa ihe ndabere maka #MeToo Movement nke ụmụ nwanyị kwupụtara n'ihu ọha ahụmahụ ha nke mmetọ mmekọahụ na iyi egwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Henry|first=Carmel|title=A Brief History of Civil Rights in the United States|url=https://library.law.howard.edu/civilrightshistory/womanist#:~:text=The%20term%20'womanist'%20was%20coined,women,%20men,%20and%20families.|accessdate=2024-11-01|work=library.law.howard.edu|language=en|archivedate=November 2, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102053728/https://library.law.howard.edu/civilrightshistory/womanist#:~:text=The%20term%20'womanist'%20was%20coined,women,%20men,%20and%20families.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkwado ụmụ nwanyị ===
Echiche Walker banyere nkwado ụmụ nwanyị pụtara n'ọrụ ya, In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens, ọkachasị na edemede, If the Present Looked Like the Past, what would the future Look Like?. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Walker|first=Alice|title=If the Present Looks Like the Past|date=1966}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihe odide ya, ọ na-atụgharị uche na ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke oge a na mmegbu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke òtù ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ na-ekwukwa banyere mkpa ọmịiko, ọmịiko na mmata maka ụmụ nwanyị ojii iji merie arụrụala ndị gara aga dị ka ịgba ohu na ọchịchị ala ọzọ. N'ikpeazụ, edemede ahụ na-enye ma nkatọ banyere òtù ụmụ nwanyị ojii na oku ka ndị na-agụ ya mee ihe iji tọhapụ onwe ha na ịkpa ókè.

=== Agha Israel na Palestine ===
Walker is a judge member of the Russell Tribunal on Palestine, and she also supports the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign against Israel.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21577393-campaign-boycott-israel-threatens-spoil-some-palestinians-fun|title=Palestinians in Israel: Boycotting the boycotters|work=The Economist|author=Tiberias|date=May 11, 2013|accessdate=August 24, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Jenụwarị 2009, Walker bụ otu n'ime ihe karịrị iri ise ndị bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi na-eme ngagharị iwe megide &quot;City to City&quot; nke Toronto International Film Festival na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Israel, na-akatọ Israel dị ka &quot;ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ&quot;.[1] Ọnwa abụọ ka e mesịrị, Walker na ndị inyom iri isii ndị ọzọ na-akwado ndị agha na-emegide agha Code Pink gara Gaza na nzaghachi na Agha Gaza. Ebumnuche ha bụ ịnapụta enyemaka, izute ndị NGO na ndị bi na ya, ma mee ka Israel na Egypt meghee ókèala ha na Gaza. O mere atụmatụ ileta Gaza ọzọ na Disemba 2009 isonye na Gaza Freedom March.[2] Na June 23, 2011, o kwupụtara atụmatụ isonye na ụgbọ mmiri enyemaka na Gaza nke nwara imebi mgbochi ụgbọ mmiri Israel.[3][4]

Na May 2013, Walker degaara onye na-agụ egwú Alicia Keys akwụkwọ ozi, na-arịọ ya ka ọ kagbuo egwu egwu akwadoro maka Tel Aviv. &quot;Ekwenyere m na anyị na-asọpụrụ ibe anyị maka ụzọ anyị na ọrụ anyị,&quot; Walker dere. &quot;Ọ ga-abụ ihe nwute ịmara na ị na-etinye onwe gị n'ihe ize ndụ (ihe egwu nke mkpụrụ obi gị) site n'ịrụ na mba ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe n'ụwa nile machibidoro iwu ime.&quot; Igodo jụrụ arịrịọ ahụ. [1] Walker ajụla ikwe ka a sụgharịa Agba Purple ma bipụta ya n'asụsụ Hibru, [2] na-ekwu na ọ hụrụ &quot;Israel nwere ikpe ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na mmegbu nke ndị Palestine, ma n'ime Israel na n'ókèala ndị e nwere&quot; na-ekwukwa otú o si jụ ikwe ka mmegharị ihe nkiri Steven Spielberg nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ya gosi na South Africa ruo mgbe eweliri usoro ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. [3][4]

=== Nkwado maka Chelsea Manning na Julian Assange ===
Na June 2013, Walker na ndị ọzọ pụtara na vidiyo na-ekwupụta nkwado ha maka Chelsea Manning, onye agha America a tụrụ mkpọrọ maka ịhapụ ozi nzuzo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gavin|first=Patrick|title=Celeb video: 'I am Bradley Manning'|work=Politico|date=June 19, 2013|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2013/06/celebrity-bradley-manning-video-93041.html|accessdate=June 24, 2025|archivedate=January 10, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110180932/http://www.politico.com/story/2013/06/celebrity-bradley-manning-video-93041.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Walker ekwuola ugboro ugboro iji kwado Julian Assange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Julian Assange is not on trial for his personality – but here's how the US government made you focus on it|first=Noam|author=Chomsky|authorlink=Noam Chomsky|work=[[Independent.co.uk]]|date=September 9, 2020|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/julian-assange-trial-us-trump-chelsea-manning-chomsky-walker-b420930.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909164523/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/julian-assange-trial-us-trump-chelsea-manning-chomsky-walker-b420930.html|archivedate=2020-09-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Assange Defence Committee: Launch Event|work=[[YouTube]]|date=September 5, 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZiPXFeL3KQU|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260214025703/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZiPXFeL3KQU|archivedate=2026-02-14|accessdate=2026-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Artist Alice Walker|url=https://artistsforassange.org/alice-walker/|work=Artists for Assange|accessdate=September 15, 2021|archivedate=September 15, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915201731/https://artistsforassange.org/alice-walker/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye guzobere Wikileaks, a na-ewere Assange dị ka nnukwu ihe iyi egwu nye nchekwa mba US n'oge ọchịchị Obama, ka ọ na-ekpughe ozi nzuzo nzuzo gbasara mpụ agha na mmebi ikike mmadụ na Iraq, [[Afghanistan]], na Guantanamo Bay. N'ikpeazụ, e jidere Assange mgbe ọ nwara ịchọ ebe mgbaba n'ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Ecuador na London. E mechara nyefee ya na US ma kpụpụ ya n'ebubo mpụ. N'ihi ihe ndị a, Alice Walker bipụtara Opinion Editorial na-elekwasị anya na usoro ikpe ziri ezi nke US ma na-akpọ maka nkwado nke ebubo ndị a na-ebo Assange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=CourageA|date=2022-10-10|title=Alice Walker pens Kansas City Star op-ed: Biden must end Trump's war on the press. Drop the Julian Assange case|url=https://assangedefense.org/press-release/alice-walker-pens-kansas-city-star-op-ed-biden-must-end-trumps-war-on-the-press-drop-the-julian-assange-case/|accessdate=2024-11-01|work=Assange Defense|language=en-US|archivedate=November 21, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121062154/https://assangedefense.org/press-release/alice-walker-pens-kansas-city-star-op-ed-biden-must-end-trumps-war-on-the-press-drop-the-julian-assange-case/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, Walker sonyekwara na mkparịta ụka panel na Berkeley, California maka ebumnuche nke ịtọhapụ Assange.

=== Nkwado ụmụ anụmanụ ===
Walker ekwuola na ọdịmma anụmanụ bụ otu n'ime ihe na-echegbu ya. Akụkọ ifo ya anabatala ụkpụrụ omume anụmanụ n'ime afọ iri anọ gara aga, ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji tinye anụmanụ dị ka ndị sonyere na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya yana akara maka ihe ọ kpọrọ &quot;nsụhọ&quot;. Ọ bụ ezie na akụkọ ifo ya nke mbụ gosipụtara anụmanụ ndị na-abụghị mmadụ dị ka akụkụ nke ndụ mmadụ—ya bụ, ka ụmụ anụmanụ na-azụ, na-enye nri, na-adịghị ezobekwa aha anụmanụ ndị e debere n'ebe ụmụ mmadụ nọ, akụkọ ifo ya na-anabatawanye ahụmahụ anụmanụ.[1] Ọ na-akwado maka nghọta ka ukwuu nke ụmụ mmadụ na mmekọrịta ha na anụmanụ, na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Ịgba ndị ọzọ ume ịhụ ọdịdị, ịkwanyere mmadụ na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ ùgwù, ife ụwa a, bụ akụkụ nke ozi m n'ụwa a.&quot;[2].

=== Ịkwụsị Udo ===
Walker abụwo onye nkwado ogologo oge nke Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Na mbido afọ 2015, o dere, sị: &quot;Ya mere, ana m eche banyere mmegharị ọ bụla maka udo na ikpe ziri ezi dị ka ihe gbasara ime ka mmụọ anyị kwụsie ike ka anyị wee nwee ike ịga n'ihu ma weta n'ụwa ọhụụ nke dị mma karịa nke anyị nwere taa. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://wilpfus.org/emailArchives/PresidentsCorner/2015_01_15.html|title=From the President's Corner|author=Harrison, Mary Hanson|publisher=WILPF|date=January 20, 2015|accessdate=January 26, 2019|archivedate=December 17, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217181056/https://wilpfus.org/emailArchives/PresidentsCorner/2015_01_15.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; O dere ọtụtụ ọrụ na-enye echiche ya nke udo, ndị gụnyere The One River Twice na We are the Ones We have been Waiting for: Inner Light in a Time of Darkness. Ọ na-atụle mkpa ọ dị iguzobe ọha mmadụ ziri ezi na udo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EXCERPT FROM WE ARE THE ONES WE HAVE BEEN WAITING FOR BY ALICE WALKER|url=https://www.feminist.com/resources/artspeech/genwom/wearetheones.html|accessdate=2024-10-28|work=www.feminist.com|archivedate=August 29, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829002725/https://www.feminist.com/resources/artspeech/genwom/wearetheones.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ikike ndị na-agbanwe nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị ===
Na 2023, Walker gbachitere JK Rowling n'ihu ọha site na nkatọ echiche ya banyere ndị trans. Walker dere na webụsaịtị ya: &quot;Ana m akwanyere J.K. Rowling ùgwù nke ọma ịbụ mmadụ nke na-eche banyere ihe ọ na-alụ na ihe ọ na-alụ.&quot; A katọrọ Walker na mgbasa ozi maka iwere ọnọdụ a, ebe ọtụtụ na-ezo aka na ya dị ka TERF.[2][3] N'okwu sochirinụ, Walker gwara ndị mmadụ okwu, na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Aghọtara m nke ọma na ndụ gị bụ nke gị; ya mere, ihe ọ bụla ị na-eme, ana m ekpe ekpere maka Bundesliga magburu onwe ya na mgbake zuru oke &quot;, ma kweta na otu n'ime ndị &quot;ndị kacha hụ n'anya na ndị na-akwụwa aka ọtọ&quot; ọ maara bụ nwoke trans.[4].

== Ebubo nke mmegide ndị Juu na otuto maka David Icke ==
Since 2012, Walker has expressed appreciation for the works of the British conspiracy theorist David Icke.&lt;ref name=&quot;Malcolm&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://alicewalkersgarden.com/2012/12/david-icke-and-malcolm-x/|title=Commentary: David Icke and Malcolm X|author=Walker, Alice|date=December 2012|work=Alice Walker's Garden|accessdate=June 4, 2013|archivedate=June 8, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608004448/http://alicewalkersgarden.com/2012/12/david-icke-and-malcolm-x/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Indy2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/prizewinning-author-alice-walker-gives-support-to-david-icke-on-desert-island-discs-8622648.html|title=Prize-winning author Alice Walker gives support to David Icke on Desert Island Discs|author=O'Brien|first=Liam|date=May 19, 2013|work=The Independent on Sunday|accessdate=April 2, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://alicewalkersgarden.com/2013/07/david-icke-we-are-change/|title=David Icke: The People's Voice|author=Walker, Alice|date=July 2013|work=Alice Walker's Garden|accessdate=October 21, 2013|archivedate=October 13, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013193405/http://alicewalkersgarden.com/2013/07/david-icke-we-are-change/}}&lt;/ref&gt; On BBC Radio 4's ''Desert Island Discs'', she said that Icke's book ''Human Race Get Off Your Knees: The Lion Sleeps No More'', which contains antisemitic conspiracy theories, would be the book she would take to a desert island.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indy2013&quot; /&gt; The book promotes the theory that the Earth is ruled by shapeshifting reptilian humanoids and &quot;Rothschild Zionists&quot;. Jonathan Kay of the ''National Post'' described this book (and Icke's other books) as &quot;hateful, hallucinogenic nonsense&quot;. Kay wrote that Walker's public praise for Icke's book was &quot;stunningly offensive&quot; and that by taking it seriously, she was disqualifying herself &quot;from the mainstream marketplace of ideas&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;NP2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/opinion/jonathan-kay-where-israel-hatred-meets-space-lizards|title=Where Israel hatred meets space lizards|author=Kay|first=Jonathan|date=June 7, 2013|work=National Post|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20131130034713/http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2013/06/07/jonathan-kay-where-israel-hatred-meets-space-lizards/|archivedate=November 30, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2013, the Anti-Defamation League called anti-Zionist essays in Walker's book ''The Cushion in the Road'' &quot;replete with fervently anti-Jewish ideas&quot; and it also stated that Walker was &quot;unabashedly infected with anti-Semitism&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Informer|first=Washington|date=2013-06-25|title=Alice Walker Writings Draw Fresh Attack from Anti-Defamation League|url=http://www.washingtoninformer.com/alice-walker-writings-draw-fresh-attack-from-anti-defamation-league/|accessdate=2022-10-13|work=The Washington Informer|language=en-US|archivedate=October 17, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017112121/https://www.washingtoninformer.com/alice-walker-writings-draw-fresh-attack-from-anti-defamation-league/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=ADL: Alice Walker Conveys 'Fervently anti-Jewish Ideas' in New Book|language=en|work=Haaretz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/2013-06-18/ty-article/.premium/adl-alice-walkers-book-anti-jewish/0000017f-f5c5-d318-afff-f7e75f760000|date=June 18, 2013|accessdate=2022-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na blọọgụ ya n'afọ 2017, Walker bipụtara uri nke akpọrọ &quot;Ọ bụ Ọrụ Anyị (Njọ) Ịmụ Talmud&quot;, na-atụ aro ka onye na-agụ ya malite na [[YouTube]] iji mụta banyere akụkụ ndị a na-ekwu na ha na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ nke Talmud, na-akọwa ya dị ka &quot;nsí&quot;. Abụ ahụ nwere okwu na arụmụka ndị na-emegide ndị Juu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Walker|first=Alice|title=It Is Our (Frightful) Duty|url=http://alicewalkersgarden.com/2017/11/it-is-our-frightful-duty-to-study-the-talmud/|work=Alice Walker: The Official Website|date=November 2, 2017|accessdate=December 17, 2018|archivedate=December 17, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217224759/http://alicewalkersgarden.com/2017/11/it-is-our-frightful-duty-to-study-the-talmud/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Grady|first=Constance|date=2018-12-20|title=The Alice Walker anti-Semitism controversy, explained|url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/12/20/18146628/alice-walker-david-icke-anti-semitic-new-york-times|accessdate=2022-07-03|work=Vox|language=en|archivedate=June 21, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621122213/https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/12/20/18146628/alice-walker-david-icke-anti-semitic-new-york-times}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=The New York Times assailed for Alice Walker interview endorsing 'anti-Semitic' conspiracy theorist|first=Isaac|author=Stanley-Becker|language=en-US|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2018/12/18/new-york-times-criticized-alice-walker-interview-touting-book-that-blames-jews-holocaust/|date=December 18, 2018|accessdate=2022-07-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime ya, ọ &quot;kọwara mmeghachi omume ya mgbe enyi ya onye Juu&quot;, mgbe e mesịrị kwuo na ọ bụ di mbụ ya, boro ya ebubo &quot;na-egosi na ọ bụ onye na-emegide ndị Juu&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Alice Walker Has 'No Regrets'|first=Elizabeth A.|author=Harris|work=The New York Times|date=24 April 2022|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/23/books/alice-walker-book.html|accessdate=October 13, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2018, onye na-agba ajụjụ ọnụ site na ''[[The New York Times Book Review|New York Times Book Review]]''&quot;&gt;The New York Times Book Review jụrụ Walker &quot;Gịnị akwụkwọ dị na ebe ị na-anọ n'abalị?&quot; O depụtara Icke's And the Truth Shall Set You Free, akwụkwọ na-akwalite echiche nkwekọrịta na-emegide ndị Juu nke na-adabere na The Protocols of the Elders of Zion ma na-ajụ Holocaust. Walker kwuru, sị: &quot;N'akwụkwọ Icke, e nwere ihe ''Ntụle'' dị adị, na mbara ala a na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, iji chee echiche. Nrọ onye na-achọ ịmata ihe mezuru. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT20181221&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Alter|first=Alexandra|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/21/arts/alice-walker-david-icke-times.html|title=Alice Walker, Answering Backlash, Praises Anti-Semitic Author as 'Brave'|work=The New York Times|date=December 21, 2018|accessdate=April 2, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mbipụta nke ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ na &quot;By the Book&quot; kwa izu kpatara nkatọ dị ukwuu banyere Walker na New York Times Book Review. &lt;ref name=&quot;TJC2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Doherty|first=Rosa|url=https://www.thejc.com/news/world/acclaimed-author-alice-walker-recommends-book-by-notorious-conspiracy-theorist-david-icke-1.474057|title=Acclaimed author Alice Walker recommends book by notorious conspiracy theorist David Icke|work=The Jewish Chronicle|date=December 17, 2018|accessdate=April 2, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Miller|first=Laura|title=Why Alice Walker Got All That Space in the Times to Tout the Anti-Semitic Lizard People Guy|url=https://slate.com/culture/2018/12/alice-walker-and-david-icke-the-new-york-times-by-the-book-feature-controversy.html|work=slate.com|date=December 19, 2018|publisher=Slate|accessdate=13 October 2022|archivedate=October 13, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013155317/https://slate.com/culture/2018/12/alice-walker-and-david-icke-the-new-york-times-by-the-book-feature-controversy.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; A katọrọ nyocha ahụ maka ibipụta ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ yana maka ịghara ịkọwa ihe na eziokwu ga-eme ka ị tọhapụ gị dị ka ọrụ na-emegide ndị Juu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Branigin|first=Anne|title=Pulitzer Prize Winner Alice Walker, New York Times Catch Heat After She Recommends Anti-Semitic Book|url=https://www.theroot.com/pulitzer-prize-winner-alice-walker-new-york-times-catc-1831177782|work=theroot.com|date=December 18, 2018|publisher=The Root|accessdate=13 October 2022|archivedate=October 13, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013173500/https://www.theroot.com/pulitzer-prize-winner-alice-walker-new-york-times-catc-1831177782}}&lt;/ref&gt; Walker gbachitere mmasị ya maka Icke na akwụkwọ ya, na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Ekwenyeghị m na ọ bụ onye na-emegide ndị Juu ma ọ bụ onye Juu&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;HaaretzBook&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Alice Walker Defends Endorsement of anti-Semitic Book|url=https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/alice-walker-defends-endorsement-of-anti-semitic-book-in-nyt-1.6767722|accessdate=December 24, 2018|work=Haaretz|date=December 22, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Walker kwuru na &quot;mgbalị ọ bụla iji kwutọọ David Icke, na site na njikọ, m, bụ n'ezie mgbalị iji belata mmetụta nke ikwu okwu anyị iji kwado ndị Palestine&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Spiro|first=Amy|title=Alice Walker: Antisemitism claims 'smears' against me|url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/alice-walker-endorses-antisemitic-tract-in-a-new-york-times-feature-574760|work=The Jerusalem Post &amp;#124; Jpost.com|publisher=The Jerusalem Post|date=20 December 2018|accessdate=13 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịgbaso esemokwu ahụ, [[Roxane Gay]] kwuru na &quot;Alice Walker abụwo onye na-emegide ndị Juu ruo ọtụtụ afọ&quot;. NYT wepụtara nkwupụta na ihe dị n'ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ &quot;apụtaghị nkwado nke ndị nchịkọta akụkọ Times&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Schaub|first=Michael|title=Author Alice Walker under fire for endorsing book by 'anti-Semitic conspiracy theorist'|url=https://www.latimes.com/books/la-et-jc-alice-walker-backlash-20181218-story.html|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=December 18, 2018|accessdate=13 October 2022|archivedate=October 13, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013144108/https://www.latimes.com/books/la-et-jc-alice-walker-backlash-20181218-story.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2019, [[Ayanna Pressley]] jụrụ mmegide ndị Juu mgbe ọgba aghara sochiri mgbe o tweeting nke Alice Walker kwuru. O tweeted &quot;M na-akatọ ma na-akatụ ndị na-emegide ndị Juu, ajọ mbunobi na nkwenye n'ụdị ha niile - na omume ịkpọasị ha na-akwalite&quot; ma kwuo na ọ maghị ihe Walker kwuru na okwu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=DeCosta-Klipa|first=Nik|title=Ayanna Pressley condemns anti-Semitism after quoting Alice Walker|url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2019/01/14/ayanna-pressley-alice-walker/|work=boston.com|date=January 14, 2019|accessdate=13 October 2022|archivedate=October 13, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013152220/https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2019/01/14/ayanna-pressley-alice-walker/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Birnbaum|first=Emily|title=Dem rep apologizes for quoting Alice Walker: 'I was unaware of the author's past statements'|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/425264-dem-rep-apologizes-for-quoting-alice-walker-i-was-unaware-of-the-authors-past/|work=thehill.com|date=January 14, 2019|publisher=The Hill|accessdate=13 October 2022|archivedate=October 13, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013160933/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/425264-dem-rep-apologizes-for-quoting-alice-walker-i-was-unaware-of-the-authors-past/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bollag|first=Uri|title=Congresswoman apologizes for quoting Alice Walker; condemns antisemitism|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/congresswoman-apologizes-for-quoting-alice-walker-condemns-antisemitism-577435|work=jpost.com|publisher=The Jerusalem Post|date=January 15, 2019|accessdate=13 October 2022|archivedate=October 13, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013160929/https://www.jpost.com/international/congresswoman-apologizes-for-quoting-alice-walker-condemns-antisemitism-577435}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2020, mgbe ọ matara banyere nkwado Walker chere na ọ na-akwado ndị Juu, onye na-elekọta ''New York Times'' podcast Sugar Calling kọwara onwe ya dị ka &quot;onye nwụrụ anwụ&quot; maka ịnabata Walker na ihe ngosi ya ma o kwukwara, sị: &quot;Ọ bụrụ na amaara m, agaraghị m agwa Alice Walker ka ọ nọrọ na ihe ngosi ahụ. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2020-05-08|title=The New York Times Accidentally, Uncritically Promotes Alice Walker–Again|first=Yair|author=Rosenberg|url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/alice-walker-cheryl-strayed-new-york-times|accessdate=2022-05-05|work=Tablet Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2022, a katọrọ Gayle King nke CBS News maka ịgba Walker ajụjụ ọnụ n'agbaghaghị ihe odide ya na-emegide ndị Juu. Mgbe ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ gasịrị, King wepụtara nkwupụta, na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Ndị a abụghị naanị ajụjụ ziri ezi, ha bụ ajụjụ iwu. N'ezie, m gaara ajụọ ya banyere nkatọ ahụ, ma ọ bụrụ na amaara m ha tupu ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Ms. Walker. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gayle King Under Fire For Not Grilling Alice Walker About Anti-Semitism In Recent Interview|url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/gayle-king-under-fire-not-132755198.html|first=Natasha|author=Decker|date=April 17, 2022|accessdate=2022-05-05|work=www.yahoo.com|language=en-US|archivedate=May 5, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505015635/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/gayle-king-under-fire-not-132755198.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

N'afọ 2022, a chụpụrụ Walker na Bay Area Book Festival n'ihi ihe ndị na-ahazi ya kpọrọ &quot;nkwado ya maka onye na-emegide ndị Juu David Icke&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Carter|first=Josh|title=Mississippi Book Festival sticking with Alice Walker despite her link to conspiracy theorist|url=https://www.wlbt.com/2022/04/19/mississippi-book-festival-sticking-with-alice-walker-despite-her-link-conspiracy-theorist/|work=wlbt.com|date=April 19, 2022|publisher=WLBT|accessdate=13 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kwadoro oku maka Walker ka ọ kwuo okwu na San Diego Community College District n'agbanyeghị mmegide sitere n'aka ndị otu obodo na ndị na-ahazi ya na-ekwu na ha kwenyere na nnwere onwe ikwu okwu. Walker jụrụ nkatọ ahụ dị ka &quot;atụmatụ imechi blog m: alicewalkersgarden.com&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Robbins|first=Gary|title=Author Alice Walker's controversial remarks will not cost her a speaking engagement in San Diego|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/education/story/2022-05-03/alice-walkers-jewish-speaking|work=San Diego Union Tribune|date=May 3, 2022|accessdate=31 March 2023|archivedate=June 9, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609005914/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/education/story/2022-05-03/alice-walkers-jewish-speaking}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
N'afọ 1965, Walker zutere Melvyn Rosenman Leventhal, onye ọka iwu ndị Juu. Ha lụrụ na March 17, 1967, na New York City. Mgbe afọ ahụ gasịrị, di na nwunye ahụ kwagara Jackson, Mississippi, na-aghọ di na nwunye mbụ lụrụ n'ụzọ iwu na Mississippi kemgbe steeti ahụ gafere iwu alụmdi na nwunye agwakọtara.[1][2] Di na nwunye ahụ nwere nwa nwanyị, Rebecca, na 1969. Walker na di ya gbara alụkwaghịm na 1976. [3]

Na ngwụcha afọ 1970, Walker kwagara n'ebe ugwu California. N'afọ 1984, ya na onye edemede ibe ya bụ Robert L. Allen guzobere Wild Tree Press, ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị na Anderson Valley, California.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://testaae.greenwood.com/doc_print.aspx?fileID=JBP&amp;chapterID=JBP-3181&amp;path=encyclopedias/greenwood|title=Black Book Publishers in the United States: A Historical Dictionary of the Presses, 1817–1990|publisher=Greenwood Press|date=1991|work=The African American Experience|first=Donald Franklin|author=Joyce|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203010208/http://testaae.greenwood.com/doc_print.aspx?fileID=JBP&amp;chapterID=JBP-3181&amp;path=encyclopedias%2Fgreenwood|archivedate=December 3, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Walker gbakwunyere &quot;Tallulah Kate&quot; n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro na aha ya na 1994 iji sọpụrụ nne ya, Minnie Tallulah Grant, na nne nne ya, Tallulah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:06&quot;/&gt; Nne nne Minnie Tallulah Grant, Tallulah, bụ Cherokee.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;

Walker ekwuola na ya na onye na-agụ egwú na-abụ abụ Tracy Chapman na-enwe mmekọrịta ịhụnanya n'etiti 1990s: &quot;Ọ dị ụtọ ma mara mma ma dị ebube na ọ masịrị m na ọ hụrụ ya n'anya kpamkpam ma ọ bụghị onye ọ bụla bụ azụmahịa ma ọ bụghị nke anyị.&quot; [1] Chapman ekwubeghị n'ihu ọha banyere ịdị adị nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ya na Walker ma na-edobe nkewa siri ike n'etiti ndụ onwe ya na nke ọha.[2][3]

Mmụọ nke Walker emetụtala ụfọdụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ya a ma ama, gụnyere The Color Purple . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lackey|first=Charlie|date=Spring 2002|title=Soul Talk: The New Spirituality of African American Women|journal=MultiCultural Review|volume=11}}&lt;/ref&gt; O dere banyere mmasị ya na Transcendental Meditation . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Circling Faith: Southern women on spirituality|author=Reed, Wendy|publisher=University of Alabama Press|year=2012|isbn=9780817317676}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha Walker banyere okpukpe n'ọtụtụ n'ime ihe odide ya na-adabere na ọdịnala edemede nke gụnyere ndị edemede dị ka [[Zora Neale Hurston]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Freeman|first=Alma|date=Spring 1985|title=Zora Neale Hurston and Alice Walker: A Spiritual Kinship|journal=Sage|volume=103|pages=37–40}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Walker agọnahụbeghị na e nwere akụkụ ụfọdụ nke akụkọ ndụ ya. Mgbe mbụ e bipụtara &quot;Advancing Luna - and Ida B. Wells&quot; na Magazin &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwAug&quot;&gt;Ms.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, Walker gụnyere nkwupụta na &quot;Luna na Freddie Pye bụ ihe odide, a na-edekwa aha ha. Nke a bụ akụkọ ifo nke ọtụtụ ihe mere n'ezie tụrụ aro ya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Petry|first=Alice Hall|date=1989|title=Alice Walker: The Achievement of the Short Fiction|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3195263|journal=Modern Language Studies|volume=19|issue=1|pages=12–27|doi=10.2307/3195263|issn=0047-7729|accessdate=March 13, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ajụjụ ọnụ John O' Brien gbara Walker na 1973 na-enye nkọwa ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=O'Brien|first=John|title=Interviews with Black Writers|publisher=Liveright|year=1973|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=196|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị Mmụta na Ihe Ndị Ruuru Ụmụ nwanyị ==
Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ikike obodo ya, Walker kụziri n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ ka elu. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1972, Walker kuziri nkuzi na ndị ode akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị ojii na Mahadum Massachusetts Boston. [1] na Wellesley College na 1973. Ọzọkwa n'otu afọ ahụ, o bipụtara nchịkọta akụkọ nke mkpirisi ya, Na ịhụnanya na nsogbu: Akụkọ banyere ụmụ nwanyị ojii, yana Revolutionary Petunias na Poems ndị ọzọ, bụ nke jere ozi dị ka mpịakọta nke abụọ nke uri ya. [2] Na mgbakwunye, ọ kuziri klaasị na ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị Africa America na Mahadum Brandeis na Waltham. Na mgbakwunye na nkuzi ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ Massachusetts, ọ kuziri na Mahadum Yale na Mahadum California, Berkeley. N'ozuzu, Walker kụziri n'ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na America dum, nke nyere ya ohere ịgbasa echiche nke òtù nwanyị ojii. [3]

== Nnọchiteanya na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ ==
Beauty in Truth (2013) bụ ihe nkiri banyere Walker nke [[Pratibha Parmar]] duziri. Phalia (Portrait of Alice Walker) (1989) bụ foto nke Maud Sulter si na usoro ''Zabat'' ya nke e mepụtara maka Rochdale Art Gallery na England.

== Onyinye na nsọpụrụ ==

* MacDowell Colony Fellowships (1967 na 1974) 
* Ingram Merrill Foundation Fellowship (1967) 
* Candace Award, Arts and Letters, National Coalition of 100 Black Women (1982) &lt;ref name=&quot;page3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=National Coalition of 100 Black Women|title=Candace Award Recipients 1982–1990|url=http://www.ncbw.org/programs/award3.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314213306/http://www.ncbw.org/programs/award3.html|archivedate=March 14, 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe nrite Pulitzer maka akụkọ ifo (1983) maka The Color Purple 
* National Book Award for Fiction (1983) maka The Color Purple
* O. Henry Award maka &quot;Ezigbo Mmụọ&quot; (1985) 
* Ihe nrite Langston Hughes, (1988), City College of New YorkKọleji Obodo nke New York
* Degree nsọpụrụ site na California Institute of the Arts (1995) 
* American Humanist Association kpọrọ ya &quot;Humanist of the Year&quot; (1997) 
* Onyinye Lillian Smith site na National Endowment for the Arts
* Ihe nrite Rosenthal sitere na National Institute of Arts &amp;amp;amp; Letters
* Radcliffe Institute Fellowship, Merrill Fellowsship, na Guggenheim Fellowship
* Ihe nrite ihu maka Best Magazine Criticism site na Newswoman's Club of New York
* Ntinye n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị edemede Georgia (2001) 
* Ntinye n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ nke California na California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts (2006) 
* Ihe nrite nke ikike mmadụ n'ụlọ site na Global Exchange (2007) 
* Onyinye LennonOno Maka Udo (2010) 
* Ihe nrite Haydée Santamaría (2024) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-02-01|title=Hermanamiento, desde una honda raíz cultural|url=https://www.granma.cu/cultura/2024-02-01/hermanamiento-desde-una-honda-raiz-cultural-01-02-2024-00-02-24|accessdate=2024-02-02|work=Granma.cu|language=es|archivedate=February 2, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202025528/https://www.granma.cu/cultura/2024-02-01/hermanamiento-desde-una-honda-raiz-cultural-01-02-2024-00-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ ==
 

== Edensibia ==

=== Ihe edeturu ===

=== Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ ===
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* {{Cite book|author=White, Evelyn C.|authorlink=Evelyn C. White|year=2005|title=Alice Walker: A Life|publisher=[[W. W. Norton &amp; Company]]|isbn=978-0-393-32826-4}}
* {{Cite book|author=Walker, Alice|year=1993|title=Warrior Marks: Female Genital Mutilation and the Sexual Blinding of Women|publisher=Diane Books Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-7881-5581-9}} Njikọ mpụga

* [http://alicewalkersgarden.com Alice Walker's official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151128020704/http://video.pbs.org/video/2365171000/ ''Alice Walker: Beauty in Truth''] Archived November 28, 2015, at the Wayback Machine – full video of biography film at PBS.org
* [http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/alice-walker Profile] at the Poetry Foundation
* [http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/486 Profile] at Poets.org
* Appearances on C-SPAN
* Alice Walker   on Charlie Rose
* Alice Walker collected news and commentary at The Guardian 
* Alice Walker collected news and commentary at The New York Times
* [http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-998 ''New Georgia Encyclopedia''] Archived July 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
* [http://rose.library.emory.edu/ Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library], Emory University: [http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/900jh Alice Walker papers, c. 1930–2014 (MSS 1061)] 
* [http://rose.library.emory.edu/ Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library], Emory University: [http://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/900g7 Letters to John Ferrone, 1976–1990 (MSS 1104)] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20241109214601/http://fscj.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fscj%3A1072#page/n36/mode/1up Kalliope, Archives, Wilson Sharon, 1984, Alice Walker, 6(2), 37–42] Archived November 9, 2024, at the Wayback Machine
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'''Coretta '''Scott''' King''' (née Scott; April 27, 1927 - January 30, 2006) bụ onye edemede America, onye na-eme ngagharị iwe, na onye ndú na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ bụ nwunye [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr.]] site na 1953 ruo mgbe e gburu ya na 1968. Dị ka onye na-akwado ịha nhata ndị Africa na America, ọ bụ onye ndú maka Òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ n'afọ ndị 1960. King bụkwa onye na-agụ egwu nke na-etinye egwú n'ime ọrụ ya gbasara ikike obodo. King zutere di ya mgbe ọ na-aga ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Boston. Ha abụọ ghọrọ ndị na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ n'America.

King rụrụ ọrụ pụtara ìhè n'ime afọ ndị na-esochi ogbugbu di ya na 1968, mgbe ọ ghọrọ onye ndu n'ọgụ maka ịha nhatanha n'onwe ya wee bụrụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị. Eze tọrọ ntọala King Center, ma chọọ ime ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya ka ọ bụrụ ezumike mba. O mechara nwee ihe ịga nke ọma mgbe Ronald Reagan bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ iwu guzobe Martin Luther King Jr. Day na Nọvemba 2, 1983. O mechara gbasaa ọrụ ya iji tinye nkwado maka ikike LGBTQ na mmegide megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Eze ghọrọ enyi na ọtụtụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị tupu na mgbe Martin nwụsịrị, gụnyere John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, na Robert F. Kennedy. Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ekwuola na mkparịta ụka ya na telifon ya na John F. Kennedy n'oge ntuli aka onye isi ala nke 1960 bụ ịhazi ndị ntuli aka Africa-America.[1]

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2005, King nwere ọrịa strok nke kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ n'akụkụ aka nri ya ma mee ka ọ ghara ikwu okwu; ọnwa ise ka e mesịrị, ọ nwụrụ n'ihi nsogbu nke Ọrịa kansa ovarian. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 10,000 bịara ememe olili ozu ya, gụnyere ndị isi ala US George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George H. W. Bush na [[Jimmy Carter]]. E liri ya nwa oge na ala nke King Center ruo mgbe e liri ya n'akụkụ di ya. A nabatara ya na Alabama Women's Hall of Fame, National Women's hall of Fame, ọ bụkwa onye Africa America mbụ dina na steeti na Georgia State Capitol . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&amp;dat=20060206&amp;id=sa5AAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6935,3565433|title=Coretta Scott King honored at church where husband preached|date=February 6, 2006|work=[[Lodi News-Sentinel]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akpọ Eze &quot;Nwanyị Mbụ nke Civil Rights Movement&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VEuRMqFWpnsC&amp;q=coretta+scott+king+first+lady+of+the+civil+rights+movement&amp;pg=PA50|title=Coretta Scott King|accessdate=June 16, 2015|author=Waxman|first=Laura Hamilton|date=January 2008|publisher=Lerner Publications}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ bụ nwata na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Coretta Scott na Heiberger, Alabama, nwa nke atọ n'ime ụmụ anọ nke Obadiah Scott (1899-1998) na Bernice McMurry Scott (1904-1996). A mụrụ ya n'ụlọ nne na nna ya, ya na nne nne ya Delia Scott, onye bụbu ohu, na-achịkwa dị ka onye na-amụ nwa. A maara nne Coretta maka nkà egwu ya na olu abụ. Dị ka nwatakịrị, Bernice gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Crossroads nke dị n'ógbè ahụ; agụmakwụkwọ ya kwụsịrị na klas nke anọ. Otú ọ dị, ụmụnne Bernice ndị okenye banyere na Tuskegee Institute, nke Booker T. Washington guzobere. Onye okenye Mrs. Scott rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ụlọ akwụkwọ, dị ka onye na-akpọ piano na chọọchị, na maka di ya na azụmahịa ya. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Worthy Matron maka Prince Hall Order nke Eastern Star chapter, ọ bụkwa onye otu Literacy Federated Club. &lt;ref name=&quot;Schraff&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ez47z1Dy-wUC&amp;q=mollie|title=Coretta Scott King: striving for civil rights|publisher=Enslow Publishers|author=Schraff, Anne E.|year=1997|isbn=0894908111|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Bruns&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/martinlutherking0000brun|quote=Bernice McMurray Scott indian.|title=Martin Luther King, Jr: A Biography|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|author=Bruns, Roger|year=2006|isbn=0313336865|accessdate=March 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bagley&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/desertroselifele0000bagl|title=Desert Rose: The Life and Legacy of Coretta Scott King|publisher=The University of Alabama Press|author=Bagley, Edyth Scott|year=2012|location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama|pages=[https://archive.org/details/desertroselifele0000bagl/page/17 17]–19|isbn=978-0-8173-1765-2|accessdate=March 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Obie, nna Coretta, bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ojii mbụ n'obodo ha nwere ụgbọala. Tupu ọ malite azụmahịa nke ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye uwe ojii. Ya na nwunye ya na-ere ahịa uwe n'ebe dị anya site n'ụlọ ha ma mesịa mepee ụlọ ahịa. O nwekwara ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta osisi, nke ndị agbata obi [[Ndi ocha|ọcha]] gbara ọkụ mgbe Scott jụrụ ire ụlọ ọrụ ya nye onye na-egbu osisi ọcha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=My Life, My Love, My Legacy|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|author=King, Coretta Scott and Rev. Dr. Barbara Reynolds|date=January 17, 2017|isbn=9781627795999}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nne nne ya bụ Mollie (née Smith; 1868 - d.) na Martin van Buren McMurry (1863-1950) - ha abụọ bụ ndị Afrịka-Amerịka na ndị Irish.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bagley&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/desertroselifele0000bagl|title=Desert Rose: The Life and Legacy of Coretta Scott King|publisher=The University of Alabama Press|author=Bagley, Edyth Scott|year=2012|location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama|pages=[https://archive.org/details/desertroselifele0000bagl/page/17 17]–19|isbn=978-0-8173-1765-2|accessdate=March 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ Mollie dị ka ohu nke ndị nwe ubi Jim Blackburn na Adeline (Blackburn) Smith. A mụrụ nna nna Coretta, Martin, n'aka ohu nke ndị nna Black Native American, na nna ya ukwu ọcha nke na-anabataghị Martin dị ka nwa ya nwoke. O mechara nwee ugbo dị 280 acres. N'ihi mmalite ya dị iche iche, Martin yiri ka ọ bụ onye ọcha. Otú ọ dị, o gosipụtara nlelị maka echiche nke ịgafe. Dị ka onye na-agụ akwụkwọ n'onwe ya nke nwere obere agụmakwụkwọ, a maara ya maka ịkpali mmasị Coretta maka agụmakwụkwọ. Nne na nna nna Coretta bụ Cora (née McLaughlin; 1876 - 1920) na Jefferson F. Scott (1873-1941). Cora nwụrụ tupu a mụọ Coretta. Jeff Scott bụ onye ọrụ ugbo na onye ama ama n'ime ime obodo ndị isi ojii; a mụrụ ya n'aka ndị bụbu ndị ohu Willis na Delia Scott.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bagley&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 10, Coretta rụrụ ọrụ iji mụbaa ego ezinụlọ ahụ na-enweta. O nwere nwanne nwanyị tọrọ ya aha ya bụ Edythe Scott Bagley (1924-2011), nwanne nwanyị tọrọ gị aha ya bụ Eunice onye na-adịbeghị anya n'oge ọ bụ nwata, na nwanne nwoke nke obere aha ya bụ Obadiah Leonard (1930-2012). &lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot; /&gt; Ezinụlọ Scott nwere ugbo kemgbe [[Agha Obodo America]], mana ha abaghị ọgaranya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vivian2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Octavia B. Vivian|title=Coretta: The Story of Coretta Scott King|url=https://archive.org/details/corettastoryofco0000vivi|quote=coretta scott king family owned farm since civil war.|date=April 30, 2006|publisher=Fortress Press|isbn=978-0-8006-3855-9|accessdate=March 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge Oké Ndakpọ Akụ̀ na Ụba, ụmụ Scott na-ahọrọ ogho iji nyere aka nweta ego  ma soro nne na nna ha nwee ụlọ ihi ụra. &lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Coretta Scott King|work=Women's History|publisher=Gale Virtual Reference Library|url=http://www.galegroup.com/free_resources/whm/bio/king_c_s.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202042853/http://www.galegroup.com/free_resources/whm/bio/king_c_s.htm|archivedate=December 2, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Coretta kọwara onwe ya dị ka nwa okorobịa n'oge ọ bụ nwata, karịsịa n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịrịgo osisi ma chetara ụmụ nwoke na-agba mgba. O kwukwara na ya siri ike karịa nwa nwanne nne nwoke ma na-eyi egwu tupu ya ejiri anyụike gbuo otu nwa nwanne nne ahụ na mberede. Nne ya yiri ya egwu, yana okwu ụmụnne ya, kpaliri ya ịghọ nwanyị ozugbo o toro. Ọ hụrụ ihe na-emegide onwe ya n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na n'agbanyeghị ihe omume anụ ahụ ndị a, ọ ka na-etinye aka na mmegharị na-enweghị ime ihe ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Coretta Scott King: My Childhood as a Tomboy / Growing into a Lady|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8FlFKG5p31k|publisher=Visionaryproject|accessdate=October 5, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwanne ya nwoke Obadiah chere na ọ &quot;na-anwa mgbe niile ime nke ọma n'ihe niile o mere. &quot;  Nwanne ya nwanyị Edythe kwenyere na àgwà ya dị ka nke nne nne ha Cora McLaughlin Scott, onye a gụrụ ya aha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ndsDAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=ebony+coretta&amp;pg=PA160|title=Coretta King|date=November 1968|work=[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ha enweghị agụmakwụkwọ n'onwe ha, ndị mụrụ Coretta Scott bu n'obi ka ụmụ ha niile gụọ akwụkwọ. Coretta hotara nne ya ka o kwuru, &quot;Ụmụ m na-aga kọleji, ọbụlagodi na ọ pụtara na enwere m naanị otu uwe ị ga-eyi. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;King2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=King|first=Coretta Scott|title=Address, Antioch Reunion 2004|work=The Antiochian|date=Fall 2004|url=http://www.antioch-college.edu/Antiochian/archive/Antiochian_2004fall/reunion/king/index.html|accessdate=September 10, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụmụ Scott ahụ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị nwere otu ọnụ ụlọ dị kilomita 5 site n'ụlọ ha wee jiri bọs ga-aga Lincoln Normal School, nke n'agbanyeghị na ha dị 9 mi (14 km) site n'ụlọ ha, bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ojii kacha nso na Marion, Alabama, n'ihi nkewa agbụrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Nne Coretta Bernice na-anya ụgbọ ala ahụ, onye na-anya ndị isi ojii niile nọ n'afọ iri na ụma.[1] Ka ọ na-erule oge Scott banyere ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ, Lincoln kwụsịtụrụ nkuzi ma na-ana naanị dollar anọ na cents iri ise kwa afọ.[2] N'ime afọ abụọ gara aga ebe ahụ, Scott ghọrọ onye na-eduga soprano maka ndị otu egwu ụlọ akwụkwọ. Scott duziri otu ukwe na ụlọ ụka ya dị na North Perry Country.[3] Coretta Scott gụsịrị valedictorian na Lincoln Normal School na 1945, ebe ọ na-akpọ opi na piano, bụrụ abụ na ukwe, ma sonye na egwu ụlọ akwụkwọ wee debanye aha na Antioch College na Yellow Springs, Ohio n'oge agadi ya na Lincoln. Mgbe a nabatachara ya na Antiọk, ọ tinyere akwụkwọ maka ego maka enyemaka ego.[4] N'ime afọ abụọ ikpeazụ ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Coretta na ndị mụrụ ya biri.[5] Nwanne ya nwanyị nke tọrọ Edythe agaala Antiọk dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme Antiọk maka mmụta mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị, bụ nke were ụmụ akwụkwọ na-abụghị ndị ọcha wee nye ha ohere agụmakwụkwọ zuru oke na mbọ iji megharịa ogige ụlọ akwụkwọ ọcha n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Coretta kwuru maka kọleji mbụ ya:
 
Coretta mụrụ egwu na Walter Anderson, onye isi oche mbụ na-abụghị onye ọcha nke kọmitii agụmakwụkwọ na kọleji ọcha akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ọ malitekwara itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, n'ihi ahụmahụ ya na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obodo. Ọ ghọrọ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmegharị ikike obodo na-eto eto; ọ sonyeere isi nke Antiọk nke National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) na Kọmitii Mmekọrịta agbụrụ na nnwere onwe obodo. Kọmiti ahụ jụrụ arịrịọ ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ afọ nke abụọ nke nkuzi achọrọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze Yellow Springs, na maka asambodo nkuzi ya, Coretta Scott rịọrọ ndị nchịkwa kọleji Antioch, nke na-achọghị ma ọ bụ enweghị ike ịgbanwe usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ mpaghara, wee were ya n'ọrụ maka afọ nke abụọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ nyocha kọleji. Na mgbakwunye, n'oge a, Coretta rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nanny maka ezinụlọ Lithgow, na-elekọta onye omere ama ama John Lithgow.[1]
[[Faịlụ:Martin_Luther_King_Jr_NYWTS_5.jpg|thumb|Coretta Scott King na di ya Martin Luther King na 1964]]
Coretta si Antiọk pụọ mgbe ọ nwetara agụmakwụkwọ na New England Conservatory of Music na Boston. Ọ bụ mgbe ọ na-amụ olu na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na Marie Sundelius ka ọ zutere Martin Luther King Jr. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Coretta Scott King Dies at 78|work=ABC News|date=January 31, 2006|url=http://www.abcnews.go.com/US/print?id=1560208|accessdate=September 10, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; mgbe enyi ha Mary Powell nyere King nọmba ekwentị ya mgbe ọ jụrụ maka ụmụ agbọghọ nọ na kọleji. Coretta bụ naanị onye fọdụrụ mgbe Powell kpọrọ ụmụ agbọghọ abụọ na King gosipụtara na onye nke ọzọ enweghị mmasị na ya. Scott gosipụtara mmasị dị nta na izute ya na mbụ, ọbụlagodi mgbe Powell gwara ya na o nwere ọdịnihu dị mma, mana o mechara kweta na nzukọ ahụ. Eze kpọrọ ya na ekwentị ma mgbe ha abụọ zutere n'onwe ha, Scott tụrụ ya n'anya otú o si dị mkpụmkpụ. Eze ga-agwa ya na o nwere àgwà niile ọ na-achọ n'aka nwunye, nke Scott chụpụrụ ebe ọ bụ na ha abụọ ka zutere. Ọ gwara ya &quot;Ahụghị m etu ị ga-esi kwuo nke ahụ. Ị maghị m. &quot; Mana e mesiri Eze obi ike ma gwa ya ka ọ hụ ya ọzọ. Ọ nabatara oku ya maka oriri na ngwụsị izu.

Ọ gara n'ihu na-ahụ ya mgbe niile n'ọnwa ndị mbụ nke afọ 1952. Izu abụọ mgbe ọ zutere Scott, King degaara nne ya akwụkwọ na ya zutere nwunye ya. Ụbọchị ha na-abụkarị mkparịta ụka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na agbụrụ, na n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ nke afọ ahụ, Coretta zutere nne na nna King Martin Luther King Sr. na Alberta Williams King. Tupu ya ezute Martin, Coretta anọwo na mmekọrịta oge ya niile n'ụlọ akwụkwọ mana ọ nweghị nke ọ bụla ọ na-eche banyere ịzụlite. Ozugbo ya na nwanne ya nwanyị Edythe zutere ihu na ihu, Coretta kọwapụtara mmetụta ya maka nwa okorobịa na-achọ ịbụ onye ozi ma kwurịta mmekọrịta ahụ. Edythe nwere ike ịgwa nwanne ya nwanyị nwere mmetụta ziri ezi n'ebe ọ nọ, ọ masịkwara ya n'omume ya n'ozuzu ya.

N'agbanyeghị na ọ na-echepụta ọrụ maka onwe ya na ụlọ ọrụ egwu, Coretta maara na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ma ọ bụrụ na ọ lụọ King. Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na King nwere ọtụtụ àgwà ndị ọ masịrị n'ime nwoke, ọ hụrụ onwe ya &quot;na-etinye aka na oge ọ bụla na-agafe agafe.&quot; Mgbe nwanne ya nwanyị jụrụ ya ihe mere King ji &quot;na-adọrọ mmasị&quot; ya, ọ zaghachiri, &quot;Echere m na ọ bụ n'ihi na Martin na-echetara m ọtụtụ ihe banyere nna anyị. &quot;N'oge ahụ, nwanne nwanyị Scott maara King bụ &quot;otu&quot;.

Nne na nna King gara leta ya n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ma nwee obi abụọ banyere Coretta Scott mgbe ha hụrụ otú ụlọ ya dị ọcha. Mgbe ndị eze na nwa ha nwoke na Scott na-eri tii na nri, Martin Sr. tụgharịrị uche ya n'ebe ọ nọ ma kwuo na atụmatụ ya maka ọrụ na egwu adabaghị maka nwunye onye ozi Baptist. Mgbe Coretta azaghachighị ajụjụ ya banyere ịhụnanya ha siri ike, Martin Sr. jụrụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ were nwa ya nwoke &quot;n'ụzọ siri ike&quot;. Nna King gwakwara ya na e nwere ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ nwa ya nwoke nwere mmasị na ya ma nwee &quot;ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-enye&quot;. Mgbe ọ gwachara ya na o nwere &quot;ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-enye&quot;, Martin Luther King Sr. na nwunye ya gara n'ihu na-anwa izute ndị ezinụlọ Coretta. Ozugbo ha abụọ nwetara nọmba Edythe site na Coretta, ha nọdụrụ ala na ya wee rie nri ehihie. N'oge ha nọkọtara ọnụ, Martin Luther King Sr. gbalịrị ịjụ Edythe banyere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nwanne ya nwanyị na nwa ya nwoke. Edythe siri ọnwụ na nwanne ya nwanyị bụ nhọrọ magburu onwe ya maka Martin Luther King Jr., mana o chekwara na ọ dịghị mkpa ka Coretta kwurịta maka di.

N'ụbọchị Valentine 1953, di na nwunye ahụ kwupụtara atụmatụ ha ịlụ na Atlanta Daily World. N'agbamakwụkwọ ahụ akwadoro maka June, naanị ọnwa anọ ka ọ gafechara, Coretta ka ekpebibeghị ịlụ Eze wee nye nwanne ya nwanyị akwụkwọ ozi o zigara obere oge tupu ezumike Ista.[1] Nna Eze gosipụtara iwe ya na nhọrọ ya nke Coretta maka ụmụ amaala Alabama wee bo nwa ya nwoke ebubo na ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike ma na-eleghara ọmụmụ ihe ya anya.[2] Martin kpọọrọ nne ya banye n'ọnụ ụlọ ọzọ wee gwa ya atụmatụ ya ịlụ Coretta, ma gwa ya otu ihe ahụ mgbe ọ kpọgara ya n'ụlọ ma emesịa, na-abara ya mba maka imere nna ya ihe ọma.[3] Mgbe Martin kwupụtara ebumnobi ya inweta doctorate na ịlụ Coretta emesịa, Martin Sr. mechara nye ngọzi ya.[2] Na 1964, a Time profaịlụ Martin, mgbe a kpọrọ ya Time's &quot;Man of the Year&quot;, zoro aka na ya dị ka &quot;a nkà na-eto eto soprano&quot;. [4] Ọ bụ onye otu Alfa Kappa Alfa. [5]

Coretta Scott na Martin Luther King Jr. lụrụ na June 18, 1953, na ahịhịa nke ụlọ nne ya; Martin Sr. mere emume ahụ iji kwe ka di ya gaa emume ahụ, bụ nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'oge ahụ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na olu na piano na New England Conservatory, ya na di ya kwagara Montgomery, Alabama, na September 1954. Oriakụ King chetara, sị: &quot;Mgbe anyị lụchara, anyị kwagara Montgomery, Alabama, ebe di m nakweere oku ka ọ bụrụ pastọ nke Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. N'oge na-adịghị anya, anyị chọtara onwe anyị n'etiti Montgomery, na Martin bus na-aga n'ihu na-eme mkpesa. Enwere m mmetụta nke ukwuu na m bụ akụkụ nke ihe ka onwe m, ihe dị mkpa akụkọ ihe mere eme.[1]

== Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Martin_Luther,_Coretta_Scott_and_Yolanda_Denise_King,_1956.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Eze na di ya na nwa ya nwanyị Yolanda na 1956]]
Na Septemba 1, 1954, Martin ghọrọ pastọ oge niile nke Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. Nraranye nke Eze n'ihe kpatara ya mgbe ọ na-ahapụ ọchịchọ egwu nke ya ga-aghọ ihe nnọchianya nke omume Ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America n'oge mmegharị ahụ. Di na nwunye ahụ kwagara n'ụlọ ụka na South Jackson Street n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke a gasịrị. Coretta ghọrọ onye otu ukwe ma kụzie ụlọ akwụkwọ Sọnde, yana isonye na Baptist Training Union na Missionary Society. Ọ pụtara nke mbụ ya na First Baptist Church na Machị 6, 1955, ebe dị ka E. P. Wallace si kwuo, ọ &quot;kpaliri ndị na-ege ya ntị&quot;.
 
The Kings' first child was born on November 17, 1955, and was named Yolanda at Coretta's insistence. After Martin Luther King became involved in the Montgomery bus boycott, Mrs. King often received threats directed towards him. In January 1956, she answered numerous phone calls threatening her husband's life, as rumors intended to make African Americans dissatisfied with Martin Luther King spread that he had purchased a Buick station wagon for her. Martin would give her  the nickname &quot;Yoki&quot;, and thereby, allow himself to refer to her out of her name. By the end of the boycott, the Kings had come to believe in nonviolent protests as a way of expression consistent with biblical teachings. Two days after the integration of Montgomery's bus service, on December 23, a gunshot rang through the front door of the King home while the King family were asleep. The three were not harmed. On Christmas Eve of 1955, King took her daughter to her parents' house and met with her siblings as well. Yolanda was their first grandchild. Martin joined them the next day, at dinner time.

Na Febụwarị 21, 1956, Martin Luther King kwuru na ọ ga-alaghachi Montgomery mgbe ọ kpọchara Coretta na nwa ha nwanyị site na Atlanta, ndị ya na ndị mụrụ ya bi. N'oge Martin Sr. na-emegide nhọrọ nwa ya nwoke ịlaghachi Montgomery, Oriakụ King buuru nwa ya nwanyị gaa n'elu, nke ọ ga-egosipụta nkụda mmụọ mgbe e mesịrị ma gwa ya na ọ &quot;gbapụla ya&quot;. Ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, Coretta na Martin Luther King jiri ụgbọala laghachi Montgomery. Coretta keere òkè dị ukwuu n'ịkwado iwu ikike obodo. N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1958, King pụtara nke mbụ ya n'egwuregwu n'afọ ahụ na Peter High School Auditorium na Birmingham, Alabama. Site na arụmọrụ nke Omicron Lambda chapter nke Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity kwadoro, King gbanwere egwu ole na ole n'akụkụ mbụ nke ihe ngosi ahụ mana ọ ka na-aga n'ihu na usoro isi eji eme ihe afọ abụọ gara aga na New York gala ka ọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere boycott bọs Montgomery. Egwuregwu ahụ dị mkpa maka Coretta dị ka ụzọ isi gaa n'ihu n'ọrụ ọkachamara ya ma sonye na mmegharị ahụ. Egwuregwu ahụ nyere ndị na-ege ntị &quot;njikọ mmetụta uche na ozi nke mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba, na nke ime mmụọ&quot;.

Na Septemba 3, 1958, King sonyeere di ya na Ralph Abernathy n'ụlọ ikpe. E jidere Martin n'èzí ụlọ ikpe maka &quot;ịgbagharị&quot; na &quot;ịghara irube isi n'onye uwe ojii&quot;. Izu ole na ole ka e mesịrị, King gara leta ndị nne na nna Martin na Atlanta. N'oge ahụ, ọ chọpụtara na a mara ya mma mgbe ọ na-etinye aka n'akwụkwọ ya Stride Toward Freedom na Septemba 20, 1958. Eze gbara ọsọ ịhụ di ya, ma soro ya nọrọ n'oge fọdụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ na-agbake. Na Febụwarị 3, 1959, Maazị na Oriakụ King na Lawrence D. Reddick malitere njem izu ise nke India. A kpọrọ mmadụ atọ ahụ ka ha bịa ọtụtụ narị nnọkọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/india-trip|title=India Trip (1959)|accessdate=December 3, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge njem ha, Coretta jiri ikike ịbụ abụ ya mee ka ìgwè mmadụ nwee obi ụtọ n'oge ha nọrọ otu ọnwa. Ha abụọ laghachiri na United States na Machị 10, 1959. 

=== Bọmbụ a tụrụ n'ụlọ ===
Na Jenụwarị 30, 1956, Coretta na onye otu ọgbakọ Dexter Roscoe Williams bụ nwunye Mary Lucy nụrụ &quot;ụda brik na-akụ n'ala simenti nke veranda ihu&quot;. Coretta tụrụ aro ka ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ahụ si n'ọnụ ụlọ ihu pụta wee banye n'ime ụlọ ndị ọbịa, ebe mgbawa nke mere ka ụlọ ahụ daa nkume ma jupụta ọnụ ụlọ ihu na anwụrụ ọkụ na ugegbe gbajiri agbaji. Ha abụọ gara n'azụ ụlọ ahụ, ebe Yolanda nọ na-ehi ụra ma Coretta kpọrọ Chọọchị Baptist Mbụ wee kọọrọ nwanyị ahụ zara ekwentị ahụ bọmbụ ahụ. Martin laghachiri n'ụlọ ha, mgbe ọ hụrụ Coretta na nwa ya nwanyị na-emerụghị ahụ, ọ pụtara n'èzí. Ìgwè ndị na-akwado ya na-ewe iwe, bụ ndị wetara égbè, zutere ya. O nwere ike iji okwu mberede tụgharịa ha.

Otu onye akaebe kwuru na otu onye ọcha gbagoro n'ọnụ ụzọ Eze wee tụba ihe n'ọnụ ụzọ tupu ọ banye n'ụgbọala ya wee pụọ. Ernest Walters, bụ naanị onye akaebe, enweghị ike ịnweta akara akara n'ihi ọsọ nke ihe ahụ mere.[1] Nna di na nwunye ahụ kpọtụụrụ ha gbasara ogbunigwe ahụ. Ha abụọ rutere n'otu oge, ya na nne ya na nwanne ya nwoke bụ Martin Luther King. Nna Coretta, Obie, kwuru na ya ga-akpọghachi ya na nwa ya nwanyị na Marion ma ọ bụrụ na ọgọ ya nwoke akpọghị ha Atlanta. Coretta gọnarịrị ebubo ahụ wee kwusie ike na ya na di ya nọrọ.[2] N'agbanyeghị Martin Sr. rịọrọ ya ugboro ugboro ka ya na nna ya pụọ, King gara n'ihu soro ya pụọ. Onye edemede Octavia B. Vivian dere, sị, &quot;N'abalị ahụ, Coretta tụfuru egwu ọnwụ. Ọ tụbara onwe ya n'ọgụ maka nnwere onwe, dị ka Martin mere ụbọchị anọ tupu mgbe ahụ mgbe a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ maka oge mbụ na ndụ ya.&quot; Coretta ga-emecha kpọọ ya oge mbụ ọ ghọtara &quot; ole m chọrọ Martin n'ihe gbasara ịkwado ya n'ihe ọ na-eme.&quot;[3]

=== John F. Kennedy oku ekwentị ===
E jidere Martin Luther King Jr na October 19, 1960, n'ụlọ ahịa. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, a laghachiri ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na October 22 maka ịkwọ ụgbọala na ikike Alabama mgbe ọ bụ onye Georgia ma mara ya ikpe ọnwa anọ nke ịrụsi ọrụ ike. Mgbe e jidere ya, Oriakụ King kwenyere na ọ gaghị eme ka ọ dị ndụ wee kpọọ enyi ya Harris Wofford, na-eti mkpu, &quot;Ha ga-egbu ya. Amaara m na ha ga-egbu ya.&quot; Mgbe ya na ya kwusịrị okwu, Wofford kpọtụụrụ Sargent Shriver na Chicago, ebe onye isi oche John F. Kennedy na-eme mkpọsa n'oge ahụ, ma gwa Shriver nke egwu Eze na-atụ di ya. Mgbe Shriver chere naanị ya na Kennedy nwa oge, ọ tụrụ aro ka ọ kpọọ Eze ma gosipụta ọmịiko ya.[1] Kennedy kpọrọ Eze, o kwetakwara.[2]

Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, Robert F. Kennedy nwetara ntọhapụ nke King n'ụlọ mkpọrọ. Martin Sr. nwere ekele maka ntọhapụ ahụ nke na ọ họọrọ Kennedy wee sị: &quot;M ga-ewere onye Katọlik ma ọ bụ ekwensu n'onwe ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ehichapụ anya mmiri n'anya nwa nwanyị m. &quot;  Dị ka Coretta si kwuo, Kennedy kwuru &quot;Achọrọ m ikwupụta nchegbu m banyere di gị. Amaara m na nke a ga-esiri gị ike. Ọ ghọtara na ị na-atụ anya nwa, ọ chọrọ ka ị mara na m na m na-eche na m na ọ dị mma ị na-eche banyere gị na ị na ị na ọ bụ Dr. King. &quot;

=== Onye isi ala Kennedy ===
Maazị na Oriakụ King bịara kwanyere Onye isi ala Kennedy ùgwù ma ghọta na ọ chọghị mgbe ụfọdụ itinye aka n'ihu ọha na ikike obodo. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1962, Coretta jere ozi dị ka onye nnọchi anya Women Strike for Peace Conference na Geneva, Switzerland.  Martin kpọgara ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ na Machị 28, 1963, ebe King mụrụ nwa ha nke anọ Bernice. Mgbe King na nwa ya nwanyị ga-alaghachi n'ụlọ, Martin gbara ọsọ laghachi iji chụpụ ha n'onwe ya. Mgbe e jidere Martin Luther King na Eprel 12, 1963, King gbalịrị ịkpọtụrụ Onye isi ala Kennedy na ndụmọdụ Wyatt Tee Walker ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgwa Robert F. Kennedy okwu. Onye isi ala Kennedy na nna ya Joseph P. Kennedy Sr, onye na-adịghị enwe mmetụta dị mma. N'ihe a chọpụtara na ọ na-eme ka Kennedy yie onye na-enweghị ọmịiko n'ebe ndị eze nọ, onye isi ala tụgharịrị oku Mrs. King na White House switchboard.

N’echi ya, Onye isi ala Kennedy gwara Eze na ezigara ndị FBI na Birmingham n’abalị gara aga wee gosi na di ya dị mma. E kwere ka ọ gwa ya na telifon ma gwa ya ka ọ gwa Walker gbasara itinye aka Kennedy.[1] Ọ gwara di ya gbasara enyemaka ya sitere na Kennedys, nke di ya weere na ọ bụ ihe kpatara &quot;mmetụta nkwanye ùgwù mberede onye ọ bụla&quot;. Banyere March na Washington, Coretta kwuru, &quot;Ọ dị m ka eluigwe abịala&quot;.[2] Coretta na ụmụ ha anọwo n'ụlọ ụbọchị niile, n'ihi na ọmụmụ nwa ha nwanyị Bernice gbochiri ya ịga ụka na Sọnde Sọnde.[3][4] Ebe Oriakụ King wepụtara nkwupụta nke ya gbasara enyemaka onye isi ala karịa ịgbaso ndụmọdụ di ya na ịkọrọ ya Wyatt Walker, nke a, dị ka onye edemede Taylor Branch si kwuo, dugara ndị nta akụkọ na-akọwa ya dị ka &quot;Nne ọhụrụ na-echegbu onwe ya nke nwere ike ịgbagha echiche White House ya na eziokwu&quot;[5].

Coretta gara nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị maka udo na New York, n'oge mmalite nke Nọvemba 1963. Mgbe o kwusịrị okwu na nzukọ e nwere na National Baptist Church, King sonyeere njem ahụ site na Central Park gaa n'Isi ụlọ ọrụ United Nations. E mere njem ahụ iji mee emume ncheta nke abụọ nke otu ahụ ma mee emume mmezu nke nkwekọrịta mmachi nke Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Coretta na Martin nụrụ banyere Ogbugbu John F. Kennedy mgbe akụkọ mbụ gosiri na ọ bụ naanị mmerụ ahụ siri ike ka e merụrụ ya ahụ. Coretta sonyeere di ya n'elu ụlọ wee kirie Walter Cronkite ka ọ na-ekwupụta ọnwụ onye isi ala. Eze nọdụrụ na di ya na-ama jijiji mgbe nkwenye ahụ gasịrị.

=== Ihe nkiri FBI ===
 
Ndị FBI mere atụmatụ izipu ozi nke ihe di ya na-ekwu na ọ bụ n'ọfịs Southern Christian Leadership Conference ebe ọ bụ na nyocha kpughere na Coretta meghere ozi di ya mgbe ọ na-eme njem. FBI chọpụtara na Martin Luther King ga-anọghị n'ọfịs n'oge e zigara teepu ahụ nakwa na nwunye ya ga-emeghe ya. J. Edgar Hoover dụrụ ọbụna ọdụ ka o zipụ ozi &quot;ọ si na steeti ndịda.&quot;  Coretta na-ahazi teepu na ozi ndị ọzọ, gee ha ntị, wee kpọọ di ya ozugbo, &quot;na-enye Bureau nnukwu obi ụtọ na ụda na ụda nke mmeghachi omume ya. &quot;  Martin Luther King kpara teepu ahụ n'ihu ya, ya, tinyere Andrew Young, Ralph Abernathy na Joseph Lowery. N'ihu ọha, Oriakụ King ga-ekwu &quot;Enweghị m ike ime ọtụtụ ihe site na ya, ọ bụ naanị ọtụtụ mumbo-jumbo. &quot;  Teepụ ndị ahụ bụ akụkụ nke mgbalị ka ukwuu nke J. Edgar Hoover iji katọọ Eze site na mkpughe banyere ndụ onwe ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The FBI's Ugly Obsession With Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/amanpour-and-company/video/the-fbis-ugly-obsession-with-dr-martin-luther-king-jr/|accessdate=January 23, 2021|work=[[Amanpour &amp; Company]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Karịsịa, ma eleghị anya, ọ rụsiri ọrụ ike iji mee ka Iwu Ikike Obodo nke 1964. King gwara [[Malcolm X]] okwu ụbọchị ole na ole tupu e gbuo ya. Malcolm gwara ya na ọ nọghị na Alabama iji mee ka di ya nwee nsogbu, kama iji mee ka ndị ọcha nwee ekele maka ngagharị iwe Eze, na-ahụ nhọrọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Malcolm X: Rights Activist and Nation of Islam Leader|url=https://archive.org/details/malcolmxrightsac0000robi|first=Tom|author=Robinson|publisher=Abdo|year=2014|isbn=978-1-61783-893-4|accessdate=November 9, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Machị 26, 1965, nna King sonyeere ya na di ya maka njem nke ga-emesị kwụsị na Montgomery. Nna ya &quot;chọtara ezigbo ikike America&quot; ma kpọọ ya &quot;ụbọchị kachasị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke America&quot; mgbe ọ hụchara ka ndị Caucasian na ndị Africa America na-abụ abụ maka di nwa ya nwanyị.

Coretta Scott King katọrọ ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị nke Civil Rights Movement na Jenụwarị 1966 na magazin New Lady, na-ekwu n'akụkụ ụfọdụ, &quot;E lekwasịbeghị anya zuru oke na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ n'ọgụ ahụ. N'ozuzu, ụmụ nwoke emeela ka ndị ndu na ọgụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ mana ... ụmụ nwanyị abụwo ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ọrụ ikike obodo niile. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;books.google.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gwVbfvfYEZkC&amp;q=rosa+parks+%22You%27ve+said+enough%22&amp;pg=PA408|title=Civil Rights History from the Ground Up: Local Struggles, a National Movement|isbn=9780820338651|accessdate=May 13, 2015|author=Crosby|first=Emilye|year=2011|publisher=University of Georgia Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Martin Luther King Jr. n'onwe ya gbochiri ọrụ Coretta na mmegharị ahụ, na-atụkwa anya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-elekọta ụlọ. Eze sonyere na ngagharị iwe Women Strike for Peace na Jenụwarị 1968, n'isi obodo Washington, D.C., ya na ihe karịrị puku ụmụ nwanyị ise. Iji sọpụrụ nwanyị mbụ a họpụtara na House of Representatives, a kpọrọ otu ahụ Jeannette Rankin Brigade. Coretta so Pearl Willen na Mary Clarke bụrụ ndị isi oche nke nzukọ Congress of Women. &amp;nbsp;

== Ogbugbu di ya ==
[[Faịlụ:1969_Pulitzer_Feature_Photography_Winner.jpg|thumb|Eze na-akasi nwa ya nwanyị Bernice obi na olili ozu di ya, na foto mmeri Pulitzer nke [[Moneta Sleet Jr.]]]]
 
A gbagburu Martin Luther King Jr. na Memphis, Tennessee na Eprel 4, 1968. Ọ matara banyere ịgba égbè ahụ mgbe Jesse Jackson kpọrọ ya mgbe ya na nwa ya nke okenye Yolanda si n'azụ ahịa lọta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rickford|first=Russell J.|authorlink=Russell J. Rickford|title=Betty Shabazz: A Remarkable Story of Survival and Faith Before and After Malcolm X|year=2003|publisher=Sourcebooks|location=Naperville, Illinois|isbn=1-4022-0171-0|url=https://archive.org/details/bettyshabazzrema00rick/page/349|accessdate=July 27, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eze nwere ihe isi ike idozi ụmụ ya na akụkọ na nna ha anwụọla. Ọ natara ọtụtụ telegrams, gụnyere otu site n'aka Marguerite Oswald, nne Lee Harvey Oswald, nke o weere dị ka nke kacha metụ ya n'ahụ.

N'ime mgbalị ịkwadebe nwa ya nwanyị Bernice, mgbe ahụ ọ dị naanị afọ ise, maka olili ozu, ọ gbalịrị ịkọwara ya na oge ọzọ ọ hụrụ nna ya ọ ga-anọ n'ime igbe ozu ma ọ gaghị ekwu okwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/08/25/us/bernice-king-profile/|title=Moving out of the dreamer's shadow: A King daughter's long journey|date=August 25, 2013|first=John|author=Blake|work=CNN|accessdate=November 30, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe nwa ya nwoke Dexter jụrụ ya mgbe nna ya ga-alọghachi, King ghaara ya ụgha ma gwa ya na ọ merụrụ nna ya ahụ nke ukwuu. Senator Robert F. Kennedy nyere iwu ka etinye ekwentị atọ ọzọ n'ụlọ Eze maka Eze na ezinụlọ ya ka ha nwee ike ịza ọtụtụ oku ha natara ma nye ụgbọelu iji buru ya gaa Memphis. Coretta gwara Kennedy okwu n'ụbọchị mgbe ogbugbu ahụ gasịrị ma jụọ ma ọ nwere ike ime ka [[Jacqueline Kennedy]] soro ya gaa olili ozu di ya.

Robert F. Kennedy kwere ya nkwa na ọ ga-enyere aka &quot;n'ụzọ ọ bụla&quot; o nwere ike. A gwara King ka ọ ghara ịga n'ihu ma kweta na onyinye Kennedy site n'aka ndị otu Southern Christian Leadership Conference, bụ ndị gwara ya banyere ọchịchọ ya ịbụ onye isi ala. Ọ leghaara ịdọ aka ná ntị ahụ anya ma soro arịrịọ ya. N'April 5, 1968, King rutere Memphis iji weghachite ozu di ya wee kpebie na a ga-emeghe igbe ahụ n'oge olili ozu na-enwe olileanya na ụmụ ya ga-amata mgbe ha hụrụ ozu ya na ọ gaghị abịa n'ụlọ. King kpọrọ onye na-ese foto Bob Fitch ma rịọ ka e mee akwụkwọ, ebe ọ maara ya kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. N'April 7, 1968, onye bụbu osote onye isi ala Richard Nixon gara King ma cheta nzukọ mbụ ya na di ya na 1955. Nixon gakwara ememe olili ozu Martin Luther King Jr. n'April 9, 1968, mana ọ naghị aga ije n'ememe ahụ. Nixon kwenyere na isonye na ngagharị ahụ ga-abụ &quot;nnukwu&quot;. 

N'April 8, 1968, King na ụmụ ya duuru ndị ọrụ nhicha ahụ gaa ije nke di ya mere atụmatụ ime tupu ọnwụ ya. Mgbe ndị na-eme ngagharị ahụ rutere ebe a na-eme ihe nkiri na Civic Center Plaza n'ihu Memphis City Hall, ndị na-ekiri ihe nkiri gara n'ihu na-ese foto nke Eze na ụmụ ya mana ha kwụsịrị mgbe ọ gwara onye ọ bụla okwu na igwe okwu. O kwuru na n'agbanyeghị na Martin Luther King Jr. na-anọghị n'ebe ụmụ ya nọ mgbe ụfọdụ, &quot;ụmụ ya maara na Papa hụrụ ha n'anya, oge ya na ha nọrọ na-adị mma. &quot;  Tupu olili ozu Martin, Jacqueline Kennedy zutere ya. Ha abụọ nọrọ nkeji ise ọnụ n'agbanyeghị nleta dị mkpirikpi, Coretta kpọrọ ya nkasi obi. Nne na nna King si Alabama bịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&amp;dat=19680418&amp;id=DdJNAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7408,5180714|title=Coretta King Expected to Take Active Role in Crusade|date=April 18, 1968|work=[[The Free Lance–Star]]|first=Jules|author=Loh|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Robert na Ethel Kennedy bịara, nke ikpeazụ ka King makụrụ. King na nwunye nwanne ya nwanyị Christine King Farris gbalịrị ịkwadebe ụmụaka maka ịhụ ozu Martin.  Na njedebe nke ozi olili ozu, King duuru ụmụ ya na ndị na-eru uju na njem site na chọọchị gaa Morehouse College, alma mater di ya nwụrụ anwụ.

=== Ịbụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata ===
Ụbọchị abụọ di ya nwụsịrị, Eze kwuru okwu na Ebenezer Baptist Church ma kwuo okwu mbụ ya banyere echiche ya kemgbe ọ nwụrụ. O kwuru na di ya gwara ụmụ ha, &quot;Ọ bụrụ na nwoke enweghị ihe ọ bụla kwesịrị ịnwụ, mgbe ahụ ọ gaghị adị mma ibi ndụ. &quot; O welitere echiche ya na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ nwere ike ịnwụ, mana kwubiri na &quot;mmụọ ya agaghị anwụ&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTgDAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=coretta&amp;pg=PA30|title=Widow Hopes For Fulfillment of King's Dream|date=April 18, 1968|work=[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]]|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ogbugbu ahụ gasịrị, Coretta nọchiri ya na nzukọ udo na New York City. N'iji ihe odide o dere tupu ọnwụ ya, King wuru okwu nke ya. Coretta gakwuuru onye Africa-America na-eme ihe ntụrụndụ na onye na-eme ngagharị iwe [[Josephine Baker]] iji were ọnọdụ di ya na Civil Rights Movement. Baker jụrụ mgbe o chechara ya, na-ekwu na ụmụ iri na abụọ ọ kuchiri (nke a maara dị ka &quot;ebo rainbow&quot;) bụ &quot;ndị na-eto eto nke ukwuu iji nwụọ nne ha&quot;.

Coretta Scott King mechara gbasaa uche ya iji tinye ikike ụmụ nwanyị, Ikike LGBT, nsogbu akụ na ụba, udo ụwa, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. Na mbido Disemba 1968, ọ kpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị ka ha &quot;dị n'otu ma mepụta ike siri ike nke ụmụ nwanyị iji lụso ajọ omume atọ nke Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ịda ogbenye na agha ọgụ&quot;, n'oge okwu Solidarity Day.&lt;ref name=&quot;NAPF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Pappas|first=Heather|title=Coretta Scott King|publisher=Nuclear Age Peace Foundation|url=http://www.wagingpeace.org/menu/programs/youth-outreach/peace-heroes/king-coretta.htm|accessdate=September 10, 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012021241/http://www.wagingpeace.org/menu/programs/youth-outreach/peace-heroes/king-coretta.htm|archivedate=October 12, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1968, Eze kwuru okwu na ngagharị iwe megide agha na Central Park n'ọnọdụ di ya. Eze mere ka o doo anya na ọ nweghị ihe mere &quot;ihe mere mba bara ọgaranya dị ka nke anyị ji bụrụ nke ịda ogbenye, ọrịa, na amaghị akwụkwọ ga-emebi. &quot;  Eze jiri ihe edeturu e si n'akpa di ya nweta mgbe ọ nwụrụ, nke gụnyere &quot;Iwu Iri na Vietnam&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://womennewsnetwork.net/2014/01/20/when-widowhood-speaks-for-black-civil-rights/|title=When widowhood speaks to black civil rights: Coretta Scott King|date=January 20, 2014|publisher=Women News Network|accessdate=January 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 5, 1968, a gbagburu Bobby Kennedy mgbe ọ meriri na ntuli aka California maka nhọpụta Democratic maka Onye isi ala nke United States. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị n'ụbọchị na-esote, Ethel Kennedy, onye King na di ya kwurịtara okwu naanị ọnwa abụọ tupu mgbe ahụ, bụ di ya nwụrụ. King ji ụgbọelu gaa Los Angeles iji kasie Ethel obi maka ọnwụ Bobby. Na June 8, 1968, mgbe King na-aga olili ozu onye omeiwu ahụ nwụrụ anwụ, Ngalaba Ikpe Ziri Ezi mara ọkwa njide James Earl Ray.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&amp;dat=19680609&amp;id=v6VPAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4087,1516395|title=Accused Slayer of Dr. Martin Luther King Arrested|date=June 9, 1968|work=[[Star–Banner]]|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke a gasịrị, Mike Wallace letara ezinụlọ Eze, onye chọrọ ileta ya na ndị ezinụlọ ya ndị ọzọ ma hụ otú ha si eme Krismas na-abịanụ. Ọ kọwaara ezinụlọ ya Wallace ma gosikwa nkwenye ya na ọ gaghị enwe Martin Luther King Jr. ọzọ n'ihi na ọ na-abịa &quot;otu ugboro n'ime narị afọ&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;ma eleghị anya otu ugboro n'otu puku afọ&quot;. Ọ gara n'ihu kwuo na ya kwenyere na ụmụ ya chọrọ ya karịa mgbe ọ bụla nakwa na enwere olileanya maka mgbapụta na ọnwụ di ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;60Minutes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Coretta Scott King|work=CBS News|date=January 16, 2012|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zm4mnvhtg9s|accessdate=October 4, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303113037/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zm4mnvhtg9s|archivedate=March 3, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Jenụwarị 1969, King na Bernita Bennette hapụrụ maka njem India. Tupu ha eruo na mba ahụ, ha abụọ kwụsịrị na Verona, Ịtali, ebe e nyere Eze onyinye ịhụnanya zuru ụwa ọnụ. Eze ghọrọ onye mbụ na-abụghị onye Ịtali natara onyinye ahụ. King so nwanne ya nwanyị, nwunye nwanne ya nwanyị ya, Bennette na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ gaa London iji kwusaa ozi ọma na St. Paul's Cathedral. Tupu mgbe ahụ, ọ dịghị nwanyị kwurịtara okwuchukwu n'ozizi a na-ahọpụta mgbe niile na katidral.

Dị ka onye ndú nke òtù ahụ, King guzobere King Center for Non-violent Social Change na Atlanta. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site na mmalite ya ruo mgbe ọ gafere nwa ya nwoke Dexter Scott King. Iwepụ onwe ya n'ọchịchị, nyere ya ohere ilekwasị anya n'ide akwụkwọ, ikwu okwu n'ihu ọha ma soro ndị mụrụ ya nọrọ oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RT0DAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=dexter+king+jet&amp;pg=PA5|title=Dexter King Will Succeed Mom Coretta Scott King as Chairman/CEO MLK Center|date=November 7, 1994|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O bipụtara akụkọ ndụ ya, My Life with Martin Luther King, Jr., na 1969. A dụrụ onye isi ala Richard Nixon ọdụ ka ọ ghara ileta ya n'ụbọchị ncheta ọnwụ ya ebe ọ bụ na ọ ga-akpasu ọtụtụ ndị iwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3798624.html|date=December 2, 1986|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|title=Nixon papers reveal Elvis's rip of Beatles}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1969, King bụ onye isi okwu na ngagharị iwe Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam na Washington, D.C., ebe ọ duuru ìgwè mmadụ gbadaa Pennsylvania Avenue gafere White House na-ebu kandụl. N'okwu sochirinụ, ọ katọrọ Agha na Vietnam.

Coretta nọkwa n'okpuru nlekọta nke Federal Bureau of Investigation site na 1968 ruo 1972. A na-enyocha ọrụ di ya n'oge ndụ ya. Akwụkwọ ndị ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Houston nwetara na-egosi na FBI na-echegbu onwe ya na Coretta ga-ejikọta ndị na-emegide Vietnam na ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;LATimesep&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=FBI spied on Coretta Scott King, files show|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=August 31, 2007|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/la-na-king31aug31,1,1018428.story?ctrack=1&amp;cset=true|accessdate=September 11, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; FBI nyochara akwụkwọ ncheta ya wee kwubie na &quot;omume ya na-enweghị ọdịmma onwe ya, nke dị mma bụ nke ... n'ezie, nke na-eme atụmatụ, nke azụmahịa. &quot;Onye na-ekwuchitere ezinụlọ Eze kwuru na ha maara banyere nlekota ahụ, mana ọ maghị otú o si dị ukwuu.[her]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjoDAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=j+edgar+hoover+coretta+scott+king&amp;pg=PA12|title=FBI Files Reveal Government Spied on Coretta Scott King|date=September 24, 2007|work=Jet|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

== Ndụ e mesịrị ==
[[Faịlụ:Coretta_Scott_King_at_the_Democratic_National_Convention,_New_York_City.jpg|thumb|Eze na-aga Nzukọ Mba Democratic nke afọ 19761976 Nzukọ Mba nke Democratic]]
Kwa afọ mgbe e gbuchara di ya na 1968, Coretta gara emume ncheta n'ụka Ebenezer Baptist dị n'Atlanta iji cheta ihe ọ chọpụtara na Jenụwarị 15. Ọ gbara mkpọsa ruo ọtụtụ afọ ka e mee ya ezumike mba. N'afọ 1972, o kwuru na e kwesịrị inwe ma ọ dịkarịa ala otu ezumike mba kwa afọ iji sọpụrụ onye Africa-American, &quot;na, n'oge a, Martin bụ ihe kacha mma anyị nwere.&quot; [1] Murray M. Silver, onye ọka iwu n'Atlanta, gbara akwụkwọ mkpesa n'aka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Jenụwarị 14, 1979. Coretta Scott King mechara kweta na ọ bụ &quot;mgbasa ozi kachasị mma, na-arụpụta ihe mgbe ọ bụla.&quot; Mgbasa ozi Coretta Scott King mechara gaa nke ọma na 1986, mgbe Martin Luther King Jr. Day mere ezumike gọọmentị etiti.

Mgbe J. Edgar Hoover nwụsịrị, Eze emeghị mgbalị ọ bụla iji zochie iwe ya n'ebe ọ nọ maka ọrụ ọ rụrụ megide di ya n'ime ogologo nkwupụta.[1] Coretta Scott King gara olili ozu steeti Lyndon B. Johnson na 1973, dịka ezigbo enyi nke onye isi ala mbụ. Na Julaị 25, 1978, King mere ọgbakọ ndị nta akụkọ iji gbachitere onye nnọchi anya Andrew Young maka nkwupụta esemokwu ya gbasara ndị mkpọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ụlọ mkpọrọ America.[2] Na Septemba 19, 1979, Eze gara ebe a na-azụ anụ Lyndon B. Johnson ka ya na Lady Bird Johnson zute.[3] Na 1979 na 1980, Dr. Noel Erskine na King kụziiri otu klas na &quot;Theology of Martin Luther King, Jr.&quot; na Candler School of Theology (Mahadum Emory). Na Septemba 29, 1980, Ted Turner kwupụtara mbinye aka King dị ka onye nkọwa maka CNN.[4]
[[Faịlụ:President Reagan at Signing Ceremony for Martin Luther King Holiday Legislation in the Rose Garden with Coretta Scott King, George Bush, Howard Baker, Bob Dole, Jack Kemp, Samuel Pi - DPLA - 4e348270f5d83a7644e8b8182bfa6dd1.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Coretta Scott gara mbinye aka nke Martin Luther King Jr. Day site n'aka Onye isi ala Ronald Reagan na Nọvemba 2, 1983]]
On August 26, 1983, King resented endorsing Jesse Jackson for president, since she wanted to back up someone she believed could beat Ronald Reagan, and dismissed her husband becoming a presidential candidate had he lived.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&amp;dat=19830826&amp;id=_w1WAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4739,5858529|title=Coretta King says Jackson can't win|date=August 26, 1983|work=[[The Register-Guard]]|accessdate=June 16, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; On June 26, 1985, King was arrested with her daughter Bernice and son Martin Luther King III while taking part in an anti-apartheid protest at the Embassy of South Africa in Washington, D.C.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/123863692.html?FMT=ABS&amp;FMTS=ABS:AI&amp;date=Jun+27%2C+1985&amp;author=By+Laurel+E.+Miller+Washington+Post+Staff+Writer&amp;pub=The+Washington+Post++%281974-Current+file%29&amp;edition=&amp;startpage=C3&amp;desc=Coretta+King+Arrested+at+Embassy|title=Coretta King Arrested at Embassy|first=Laurel E.|author=Miller|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=June 27, 1985|accessdate=July 5, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe President Ronald Reagan bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ iwu na-eguzobe Martin Luther King Jr. Day, ọ nọ na mmemme ahụ. Reagan kpọrọ ya ka ọ rịọ mgbaghara n'onwe ya maka okwu ya n'oge ihe omume telivishọn mba, nke o kwuru na anyị ga-ama &quot;na afọ 35&quot; ma Eze bụ onye ọchịchị Kọmunist ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Reagan mere ka isi okwu ya pụta ìhè site n'ịkọwa na e mechiri ihe ndekọ ahụ ruo 2027. [1] Eze nakweere mgbaghara ahụ ma kwuo na Kọmitii Nhọrọ nke Senate na Assassinations achọtaghị ihe ndabere ọ bụla iji gosi na di ya nwere njikọ ndị Kọmunist. [2] Na Febrụwarị 9, 1987, ejidere ndị na-akwado ikike obodo asatọ maka mkpesa mwepụ nke ndị Africa America n'oge ihe nkiri Oprah Winfrey na Cumming, Georgia. Oprah Winfrey nwara ịchọpụta ihe kpatara &quot;obodo ahụ ekweghị ka ndị isi ojii biri ebe ahụ kemgbe 1912.&quot; Eze were iwe site na njide ahụ, ma kpọọ oku ka Njikọ kwụsị ịtụ egwu na egwu na Forsyth County iji zute Gọvanọ Georgia Joe Frank Harris &quot;iji chọọ ngwọta ziri ezi maka ọnọdụ ahụ.&quot; Na Machị 8, 1989, Eze gwara ọtụtụ narị ụmụ akwụkwọ banyere ọgba aghara obodo na Mahadum San Diego.[3] King gbalịrị ịpụnarịa esemokwu banyere ịkpọ San Diego Convention Center n'aha di ya. Ọ siri ọnwụ na ọ bụ &quot;ndị obodo&quot; na ndị mmadụ kwesịrị ịgbalị itinye aka na &quot;ụdị ọnọdụ dị na mpaghara ndị ahụ.&quot; [4]

Na Jenụwarị 17, 1993, King gosipụtara nlelị maka mwakpo mgbọ ogbunigwe US na [[Iraq]]. N'ịbọ ọ́bọ̀, ọ tụrụ aro ngagharị iwe udo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1993/01/18/coretta-scott-king-outraged-about-strike/|title=Coretta Scott King Outraged About Strike|date=January 18, 1993|work=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|accessdate=January 12, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Febụwarị 16, 1993, King gara n'isi ụlọ ọrụ FBI wee nye adreesị nkwado na Director [[William S. Sessions]] maka ime ka FBI &quot; tụgharịa azụ na mmegbu nke oge Hoover. &quot;  King kelere Sessions maka &quot;ịduzi ya n'iweta ụmụ nwanyị na ndị ka nta n'ime FBI na maka ịbụ ezigbo enyi nke ikike obodo. &quot; King kwetara na ọ gaghị anabata ndokwa ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị maka Sessions, onye nduzi ugbu a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-02-17-mn-271-story.html|title=Coretta King, at FBI Headquarters, Backs Sessions, Assails Hoover|date=February 17, 1993|work=Los Angeles Times|first=Ronald J.|author=Ostrow|accessdate=January 8, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1993/02/17/coretta-scott-king-praises-sessions-fbi/|title=Coretta Scott King Praises Sessions, FBI|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|first=Scripps|author=Howard|date=February 17, 1993|accessdate=January 14, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Jenụwarị 17, 1994, ụbọchị ncheta ọmụmụ nke di ya nke afọ iri isii na ise, King kwuru, sị: &quot;Ọ dịghị ikpe na-ezighị ezi, n'agbanyeghị otú o si dị ukwuu, nwere ike ịgbaghara ọbụna otu omume ime ihe ike megide mmadụ ọzọ. &quot;  Na Jenụwaị 1995, e boro [[Qubilah Shabazz]] ebubo nke iji ekwentị na ịgafe akara steeti na atụmatụ igbu [[Louis Farrakhan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-01-18-mn-13055-story.html|title=Opposition to Violence, Assault Weapons Are Focus of King Day|date=January 18, 1994|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=January 8, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eze gbachitere ya, na-ekwu na Riverside Church na Harlem na ndị ọkàiwu gọọmentị etiti lekwasịrị ya anya iji mebie ihe nketa nna ya [[Malcolm X]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1995/02/02/coretta-king-charges-aim-to-smear-malcolm-x/|title=Coretta King: Charges Aim To Smear Malcolm X|date=February 2, 1995|work=Orlando Sentinel|accessdate=January 12, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 1995, King duziri mgbalị ịdebanye aha otu nde ụmụ nwanyị Africa America na-eme ntụli aka maka ntuli aka onye isi ala n'afọ na-esote ya na ụmụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ [[Betty Shabazz]] na [[Myrlie Evers-Williams|Myrlie Evers]] ma nwa ya nwanyị Yolanda kelere ya n'ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Washington.  N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1995, King kwuru banyere ikpe igbu ọchụ O. J. Simpson, nke ọ gọnahụrụ inwe mmetụta ogologo oge na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti agbụrụ mgbe ọ na-agwa ndị na-ege ntị okwu na [[Soka University|Mahadum Soka]] na [[Aliso Viejo, California]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-13-mn-56576-story.html|title=Coretta King Discusses Verdicts|date=October 13, 1995|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=January 23, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Jenụwarị 24, 1996, King kwuru okwu nkeji iri anọ na Mahadum Loyola's Lake Shore campus na Rogers Park. Ọ kpọrọ onye ọ bụla ka ọ &quot;na-eburu ọkụ nke nnwere onwe ma duru America gaa na nnukwu mgbanwe ọzọ&quot;.  Na June 1, 1997, Betty Shabazz tara nnukwu ọkụ na-eyi ndụ egwu mgbe nwa nwa ya [[Malcolm Shabazz]] malitere ọkụ n'ụlọ ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;CorettaCarries&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1996/01/25/coretta-scott-king-carries-dream/|date=January 25, 1996|work=Chicago Tribune|first=Jerry|author=Thomas|title=Coretta Scott King Carries Dream|accessdate=November 30, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịzaghachi ụlọ ọgwụ nke enyi ya ogologo oge, King nyere $ 5,000 maka ego mgbake maka ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1997/06/18/shabazz-fund-drive-gets-levin-king-donations/|title=Shabazz Fund Drive Gets Levin, King Donations|date=June 18, 1997|work=Orlando Sentinel|accessdate=January 24, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shabazz nwụrụ na June 23, 1997, izu atọ ka a gbasịrị ya ọkụ.
[[Faịlụ:Coretta_Scott_King.jpg|alt=Coretta at Lincoln Memorial 30 th anniversary March on Washington  August 28, 1993|thumb|Coretta na Lincoln Memorial. 30th anniversary March on Washington August 28, 1993]]
N'ime 1990s, Eze nọ n'okpuru ọtụtụ nkwụsịtụ wee zute Lyndon Fitzgerald Pace, nwoke kwetara igbu ụmụ nwanyị na mpaghara ahụ. Ọ batara n’ụlọ n’etiti abalị wee hụ ya ka ọ nọ ọdụ n’ihe ndina ya. Mgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ asatọ ịnọ n'ụlọ na-esochi nzute ahụ, King kwagara n'otu ụlọ ọrụ condominium nke bụkwa ebe obibi, n'agbanyeghị nwa oge, maka ndị ọbụ abụ Elton John na Janet Jackson.[1]. Ụlọ ọhụrụ ya bụ onyinye sitere n'aka Oprah Winfrey.[2][3] Na 1999, ezinụlọ eze mechara nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'inweta ikpe ndị juri na-ekwu na di ya bụ onye e gburu ogbugbu ogbugbu mgbe ọ gbasịrị Loyd Jowers akwụkwọ, onye kwuru afọ isii tupu ọ kwụọ onye na-abụghị James Earl Ray ụgwọ ka o gbuo di ya.[4] N'April 4, 2000, Eze gara n'ili di ya na ụmụ ya nwoke, nwa ya nwanyị Bernice na ọgọ ya nwanyị. Banyere atụmatụ iji wuo di ya ihe ncheta na Washington, D.C., King kwuru na ọ &quot;ga-emecha otu ihe ncheta na isi obodo mba ahụ na-asọpụrụ ndị isi ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, gụnyere Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, na ugbu a Martin Luther King, Jr.&quot; [5] National Park Service chọrọ ime ememe ncheta agha Martin Luther King na nrọ ọ bụla nke ịda ogbenye na Vietnam, ma ha achọghị ịlụ ọgụ na nrọ Martin Luther King na Vietnam. America. Coretta Scott King lụrụ ọgụ iji hụ na ihe nketa di ya emeghị ka ọ gbagọọ ma akụkọ a kọrọ na ncheta ya na Washington D.C., bụ eziokwu na Civil Rights Movement.[6] Ọ ghọrọ onye anaghị eri anụ n'ime afọ iri ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya.[7][8]
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'''Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw''' (amụrụ na Mee 5, 1959) bụ onye America na-akwado ikike obodo na onye ọkà mmụta nke echiche agbụrụ. Ọ bụ prọfesọ na UCLA School of Law na Columbia Law School, ebe ọ bụ ọkachamara na okwu agbụrụ na okike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://law.wisc.edu/newsletter/article.php?iArticleID=2817|title=Reunion Renews Commitment to William H. Hastie Fellowship Legacy {{!}} University of Wisconsin Law School|work=law.wisc.edu|accessdate=March 10, 2016|archivedate=April 28, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428160402/https://law.wisc.edu/newsletter/article.php?iArticleID=2817}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A maara Crenshaw maka iwebata na ịzụlite echiche nke intersectional, nke a makwaara dị ka intersectional theory, ọmụmụ nke otu mkpuchi ma ọ bụ mkpuchi njirimara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ọkachasị njirimara ndị pere mpe, si emetụta usoro na usoro nke mmegbu, ọchịchị, ma ọ bụ ịkpa ókè.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adewunmi|first=Bim|date=April 2, 2014|title=Kimberlé Crenshaw on intersectionality: 'I wanted to come up with an everyday metaphor that anyone could use'|work=New Statesman|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/lifestyle/2014/04/kimberl-crenshaw-intersectionality-i-wanted-come-everyday-metaphor-anyone-could|accessdate=March 10, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ruparelia 2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ruparelia|first=Rakhi|year=2019|origdate=2016|chapter=The Invisibility of Whiteness in the White Feminist Imagination|editor=Kirkland|title=Shades of Whiteness|location=[[Leiden]] and [[Boston]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|pages=77–89|doi=10.1163/9781848883833_008|isbn=978-1-84888-383-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ya na-agbasawanye iji tinye intersectional femism, nke bụ sub-category metụtara intersectionel theory. Intersectional femism na-enyocha usoro mmegbu na ịkpa ókè nke ụmụ nwanyị na-eche ihu n'ihi agbụrụ ha, mmekọahụ, na akụ na ụba ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/kimberle-crenshaw-intersectional-feminism_us_598de38de4b090964296a34d|title=Kimberlé Crenshaw Explains The Power Of Intersectional Feminism In 1 Minute|author=Miller|first=Hayley|date=August 11, 2017|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=December 16, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Crenshaw na Canton, Ohio, na Mee 5, 1959, &lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian-blacklives&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/nov/12/kimberle-crenshaw-the-woman-who-revolutionised-feminism-and-landed-at-the-heart-of-the-culture-wars|title=Kimberlé Crenshaw: the woman who revolutionised feminism – and landed at the heart of the culture wars|first=Aamna|author=Mohdin|date=November 12, 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|quote=|archivedate=October 28, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028145808/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/nov/12/kimberle-crenshaw-the-woman-who-revolutionised-feminism-and-landed-at-the-heart-of-the-culture-wars}}&lt;/ref&gt; nne na nna Marian na Walter Clarence Crenshaw Jr. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/cantonrep/obituary.aspx?n=marian-williams-crenshaw&amp;pid=120476451&amp;fhid=3194|title=Marian Williams Crenshaw|work=The Repository/The Independent|date=November 22, 2008|accessdate=10 February 2022|archivedate=April 28, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428181526/https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/cantonrep/obituary.aspx?n=marian-williams-crenshaw&amp;pid=120476451&amp;fhid=3194}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na nwata, ndị mụrụ Crenshaw gbara ya ume ka ọ kwurịta &quot;ihe na-adọrọ mmasị&quot; nke ọ &quot;hụrụ n'ụwa n'ụbọchị ahụ&quot;. Ọzụzụ mbụ a ga-abụ ihe ndabere nke nhọrọ ọrụ ya ka oge na-aga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-04-07|title=Meet Kimberlé Crenshaw, a Dr. John Hope Franklin Award Recipient|url=https://www.diverseeducation.com/latest-news/article/15106507/meet-kimberl-crenshaw-a-dr-john-hope-franklin-award-recipient|accessdate=2023-03-13|work=Diverse: Issues In Higher Education|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Crenshaw gara Canton McKinley High School. N'afọ 1981, ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na gọọmentị na ọmụmụ Africana na Mahadum Cornell, &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lang|first=Susan S.|date=7 October 2013|url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2013/10/race-gender-scholar-crenshaw-campus-oct-16-21|title=Race, gender scholar Crenshaw on campus Oct. 16-21|work=Cornell Chronicle|accessdate=March 10, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe ọ bụ onye otu Quill and Dagger senior Honors Society. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=October 31, 1980|title=Congratulations!|work=The Cornell Daily Sun|page=8|url=https://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/?a=d&amp;d=CDS19801031.2.7.2&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------|accessdate=February 10, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kimberlé Crenshaw, Educator, and Author born|url=https://aaregistry.org/story/kimberle-williams-crenshaw-voice-intersectionality/|accessdate=2023-03-13|work=African American Registry|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara JD na Harvard Law School na 1984.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kimberle W. Crenshaw|url=https://www.law.columbia.edu/faculty/kimberle-w-crenshaw|publisher=Columbia Law School|accessdate=10 February 2022|archivedate=February 10, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210010049/https://www.law.columbia.edu/faculty/kimberle-w-crenshaw}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1985, ọ natara LLM site na Mahadum Wisconsin Law School, ebe ọ bụ William H. Hastie Fellow  na odeakwụkwọ iwu na Wisconsin Supreme Court Judge Shirley Abrahamson .  &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=William H. Hastie Fellowship Program|publisher=University of Wisconsin Law School|url=http://law.wisc.edu/grad/fellow_hastie.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810105220/https://law.wisc.edu/grad/fellow_hastie.html|archivedate=August 10, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kimberlé Crenshaw, Educator, and Author born|url=https://aaregistry.org/story/kimberle-williams-crenshaw-voice-intersectionality/|accessdate=2023-02-14|work=African American Registry|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị LLM ya, Crenshaw sonyeere ngalaba nke UCLA School of Law na 1986. Ọ bụ onye guzobere ngalaba nke Echiche agbụrụ dị oke egwu na onye nkuzi na ikike obodo, ọmụmụ agbụrụ dị egwu, na iwu iwu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lang|first=Susan S.|date=7 October 2013|url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2013/10/race-gender-scholar-crenshaw-campus-oct-16-21|title=Race, gender scholar Crenshaw on campus Oct. 16-21|work=Cornell Chronicle|accessdate=March 10, 2016}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLang2013&quot;&gt;Lang, Susan S. (October 7, 2013). [https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2013/10/race-gender-scholar-crenshaw-campus-oct-16-21 &quot;Race, gender scholar Crenshaw on campus Oct. 16-21&quot;]. ''Cornell Chronicle''. Ithaca, N.Y. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190514222410/http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2013/10/race-gender-scholar-crenshaw-campus-oct-16-21 Archived] from the original on May 14, 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 10,&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Na UCLA School of Law, ka ọ na-erule afọ 2017, ọ kụziri klas anọ, Advanced Critical Race Theory, Civil Rights, Intersectional Perspectives on Race, Gender, and the Criminalization of Women &amp; Girls, and Race, Law and Representation. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/kimberle-w-crenshaw/courses/|title=Courses Page|work=law.ucla.edu|accessdate=December 16, 2017|archivedate=April 26, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426114915/https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/kimberle-w-crenshaw/courses/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1991, Crenshaw nyeere ndị otu iwu na-anọchite anya Anita Hill aka na US Senate confirmation hearings maka Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=April 18, 2016|title=Where Are All the Black Feminists in Confirmation?|url=http://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/news/a35699/hbo-confirmation-black-feminists/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107024427/http://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/news/a35699/hbo-confirmation-black-feminists/|archivedate=November 7, 2017|accessdate=April 22, 2016|work=ELLE}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1991 na 1994, a họpụtara ya dịka prọfesọ nke afọ site n'ịbanye ụmụ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/musher/establishment%20files/Establishment%20of%20MAP_files/CU%20Record%20New%20Faculty%20Appointments%20in%20Law,%20Social%20Science%20and%20Social%20Work.htm|title=Columbia University Record|author=|first=|authorlink=|date=September 15, 1995|work=|publisher=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513231759/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/musher/establishment|accessdate=March 9, 2016|archivedate=May 13, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1995, a họpụtara Crenshaw ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ zuru oke na Columbia Law School, ebe ọ bụ onye guzobere na onye nduzi nke Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies, nke e guzobere na 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;foundation1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.americanbarfoundation.org/news/642|title=UCLA and Columbia Law Professor Kimberlé Crenshaw to Receive 2016 Fellows Outstanding Scholar Award - American Bar Foundation|author=Foundation|first=American Bar|work=www.americanbarfoundation.org|accessdate=March 10, 2016|archivedate=July 1, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701004637/http://www.americanbarfoundation.org/news/642}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Columbia Law School, ọmụmụ Kimberlé W. Crenshaw gụnyere ogbako intersectionalities na nke ọzọ lekwasịrị anya kpọmkwem na ikike obodo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.law.columbia.edu/faculty/kimberle-crenshaw|title=Kimberle W. Crenshaw|work=Columbia Law School|language=en|accessdate=December 16, 2017|archivedate=June 21, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621140246/http://www.law.columbia.edu/faculty/kimberle-crenshaw}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Na 1996, Crenshaw ghọrọ onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke African American Policy Forum (AAPF), onye na-eche echiche lekwasịrị anya na &quot;ịkwụsị enweghị ahaghị nhata&quot; na &quot;ịkwalite na ịgbasa ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ, nha anya nwoke na nwanyị, na enweghị ike nke ikike mmadụ niile, ma na US na mba ụwa.&quot; Ebumnuche ya bụ iwulite njikọ dị n'etiti nyocha nke ndị ọkà mmụta na okwu ọha na eze gbasara ahaghị nhata na ịkpa ókè.[1][2] Crenshaw enyela onye isi oche Fulbright maka Latin America na Brazil, na 2008, e nyere ya mkpakọrịta na Center for Advanced Behavioral Studies na Stanford.[3]

Na 2001, Crenshaw dere akwụkwọ ndabere na agbụrụ agbụrụ na ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị maka United Nations World Conference on Racism, nyere aka kwado nsonye nwoke na nwanyị na nkwupụta ogbako WCAR, jere ozi dị ka onye otu National Science Foundation's Committee on Research on Violence Against Women na National Research Council on Research on Violence Against Women. Crenshaw bụ onye otu ndị otu Strategy Group na Aspen Institute site na 1992 ruo 1995, [1] Women's Media Initiative, [2] ma bụrụ onye na-ekwu okwu oge niile na NPR's The Tavis Smiley Show.[3]

N'afọ 2020, Crenshaw natara nzere doctorate n'aka KU Leuven . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Laudatio - Motivatio Kimberlé Crenshaw|url=https://www.kuleuven.be/english/about-kuleuven/honorary-doctorates/2012/2012-christian-thielemann/laudatio-motivatio|accessdate=2023-06-13|work=www.kuleuven.be|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; O dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na isiokwu ma na-aga n'ihu na-ebipụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kimberle W. Crenshaw|url=https://www.law.columbia.edu/faculty/kimberle-w-crenshaw|accessdate=2023-03-14|work=www.law.columbia.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-08-19|title=Kimberle Williams Crenshaw (1959- )|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/crenshaw-kimberle-williams-1959/|accessdate=2023-03-14|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ Crenshaw na Luke Charles Harris na George Lipsitz, The Race Track: How the Myth of Equal Opportunity Defeats Racial Justice, na-eme atụmatụ ibipụta na Disemba 2025.

=== Intersectionality ===
 

==== Mmalite nke echiche a ====
Na 1989, Crenshaw chepụtara okwu intersectionality na edemede ya &quot;Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Anti-discrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics&quot; dị ka ụzọ isi nyere aka kọwaa mmegbu nke ụmụ nwanyị Africa na America.[1][2] Echiche nke intersectionality dị ogologo oge tupu Crenshaw chepụta okwu ahụ mana a mataghị ya ruo mgbe ọrụ Crenshaw. Ndị inyom ojii dị ka Sojourner Truth na okwu 1851 ya &quot;Ọ bụghị m nwanyị?&quot; na Anna Julia Cooper na edemede ya nke 1892 &quot;Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nwanyị Na-acha Acha&quot; kwupụtara echiche dị n'etiti ogologo oge tupu e dee okwu ahụ.[3][4][5] Mkpali Crenshaw maka echiche ahụ malitere mgbe ọ ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ kọleji na Mahadum Cornell mgbe ọ chọpụtara na aghọtachaghị akụkụ agbụrụ nke agbụrụ.[6]

==== Arụmụka Crenshaw ====
Crenshaw zoro aka na DeGraffenreid v. General Motors n'ihe odide ya, ajụjụ ọnụ ya, na nkuzi ya. Na DeGraffenreid v. General Motors,[1] otu ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America boro ebubo na ha enwetala ịkpa oke n'ebe ọrụ, na-ewepụ ha na ohere ọrụ. Ha rụrụ ụka na ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ nwanyị tozuru oke maka ọkwa ụkọchukwu na odeakwụkwọ, ọ bụ naanị ụmụ nwanyị ọcha ka enyere ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, na-egbochi ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America ịchọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Ụlọ ikpe ahụ tụlere ebubo nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na nke nwoke na nwanyị, na-achọpụta na ọrụ nke ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ Africa-American bụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, na ọrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ bụ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. N'ihi ya, ụlọikpe ahụ jụrụ ịtụle ịkpa ókè n'ebe ọrụ ma kagbuo ikpe ahụ.[2]

Crenshaw kwukwara banyere intersectionality n'ihe metụtara ahụmahụ ya dị ka akụkụ nke 1991 iwu otu maka Anita Hill, nwanyị nke ebubo Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nhoputa bụ Clarence Thomas maka iyi egwu mmekọahụ.[1] Ikpe ahụ dọtara ndị mmadụ abụọ na-emegide: ndị ọcha na-akwado Hill na ndị Africa-American na-emegide Clarence Thomas. Akụkụ abụọ nke arụmụka ahụ lekwasịrị anya n'ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ahụmahụ Hill nke ịbụ ndị a na-akpagbu dị ka nwanyị, n'otu aka ahụ, na n'aka nke ọzọ, ịrịọ mgbaghara Thomas ma ọ bụ leghara omume ya anya n'ihi ohere ya ịghọ nanị onye America nke abụọ na-eje ozi na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States. [1]

Crenshaw kwuru na n'ihi na otu abụọ ahụ na-emegiderịta onwe ha n'oge ikpe ahụ, Anita Hill tụfuru olu ya dị ka nwanyị ojii. A họpụtara ya n'amaghị ama ka ọ kwado akụkụ ụmụ nwanyị, n'ụzọ mere ka njirimara agbụrụ ya ghara ịdị mkpa na usoro ahụ. &quot;Ọ dị ka otu n'ime oge ahụ ebe ị na-eche n'ụzọ nkịtị ka a na-achụpụ gị n'obodo gị, ihe niile n'ihi na ị na-agbalị ikwu okwu ma kwuo banyere ụzọ ndị inyom Africa America si enweta mmekpa ahụ na ime ihe ike. &quot;Ọ bụ oge na-akọwapụta oge maka Anita Hill, &quot;Crenshaw kwukwara, &quot;na ime ihe mere ụmụ nwanyị n'ozuzu ya .... Aghọtala ugbu a. Ihe a na-emeghị bụ ịnakwere ahụmahụ pụrụ iche nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ịkpa ókè.&quot;[1]

Crenshaw kwukwara banyere echiche nke intersectionality na a TED Talk na October 2016. [1] Ọzọkwa, Crenshaw nyere okwu isi okwu na Women of the World event na Southbank Center na London, England, na 2016. [2] O kwuru banyere ihe ịma aka pụrụ iche nke ndị inyom na-agba agba n'ọgụ maka nha anya nwoke na nwanyị, ikpe ziri ezi nke agbụrụ, na ike. [3] N'okwu TED ya na okwu isi okwu na 2016, o kwuru okwu banyere nnukwu ihe ịma aka maka ụmụ nwanyị agba: obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii. O webatara mkpọsa #SayHerName, nke e mere iji mee ka a mara akụkọ banyere ụmụ nwanyị ojii nke ndị uwe ojii gburu. [4] A na-elekwasị anya na mmegbu nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii na mmegharị SayHerName sitere na echiche nke intersectionality, nke Crenshaw na-akọwa otú a: &quot;Ọ dị ka Lazy Susan - ị nwere ike ịnakwere agbụrụ, mmekọahụ, njirimara transgender, ma ọ bụ klas ma na-akatọ ndị inyom site na njedebe. [5]

Kemgbe afọ 2010, Crenshaw ekwuola megide nkọwa na-ezighi ezi nke intersectionality, na-ekwu na ụfọdụ akọwaala ya n'ụzọ na-eweghi ezi dị ka okwu mkpuchi maka nsogbu &quot;dị mgbagwoju anya&quot;, &quot;ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na steroid,&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;usoro iji gbanwee ndị ọcha ka ha bụrụ ndị a jụrụ ajụ ọhụrụ&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kimberlé Crenshaw on Intersectionality, More than Two Decades Later|url=https://www.law.columbia.edu/news/archive/kimberle-crenshaw-intersectionality-more-two-decades-later|accessdate=2023-03-14|work=www.law.columbia.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kama nke ahụ, Crenshaw na-akọwa intersectionnality dị ka,
 

=== Onye Na-elekọta Nwanne M ===
Mgbalị mba imeghe ubube nke ohere maka ndị nwoke na ndị nwanyị ojii.[1] Crenshaw na ndị ọzọ sonyere na African American Forum egosila site na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị iche iche na atụmatụ a nwere ezi ebumnuche mana e mere ya iji mee ka ụmụ okorobịa na ụmụ nwanyị nwee ike mana ewepu ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwanyị ojii. O dere otu akụkọ na New York Times na-akọwapụta nsogbu ndị dị na atụmatụ ahụ.[2] AAPF ewepụtala mgbasa ozi #WHYWECANTWAIT iji kwado maka mmezigharị nke &quot;My Brothers Keeper&quot; gụnyere ndị isi ojii, ụmụ nwanyị, na ụmụ nwanyị na ndị nwoke. A na-akwado atụmatụ a n'ebe nile, nke ndị ikom ojii bịanyere aka na ya, akwụkwọ ozi ndị ụmụ nwanyị ojii bịanyere aka na ya, na akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka ụmụnna ndị kwenyere n'ihe kpatara ya.

N'ajụjụ ọnụ a gbara na Laura Flanders Show, Crenshaw kwuru na ewepụtara mmemme a maka nzaghachi oke iwe n'etiti ndị Africa-America ka a tọhapụrụ George Zimmerman na agbapụ na igbu onye Africa-American n'afọ iri na ụma Trayvon Martin. Ọ kọwara mmemme ahụ dị ka “ezi obi” na atụmatụ nna mana o kwenyeghị na ọ bụ usoro dị mkpa ma ọ bụ usoro ga-enyere aka ịlụso mbibi nke ikike obodo ọgụ; atụmatụ ahụ agaghị enye ụdị ihe onwunwe nke ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ezigbo ọdịiche. O kwenyere na n'ihi na ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na-acha odo odo bụ akụkụ nke obodo na-adịghị mma dị ka ụmụ nwoke ndị na-adịghị mma bụ ndị e lekwasịrị anya na atụmatụ ahụ, ka ọ bụrụ mmemme dị irè maka obodo, ọ dị mkpa ịgụnye ndị niile nọ n'obodo ahụ, ma ndị inyom ma ndị nwoke.[1].

* #Ihe mere na anyị enweghị ike ichere: Ụmụ nwanyị na-acha uhie uhie na-agba ume itinye aka na &quot;Onye Nlekọta Nwanne m&quot;
* June 17, 2014 - akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka ihe karịrị 1000 ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=AAPF|date=2014-06-17|title=Why we can't wait: Women of Color Urging Inclusion in &quot;My Brother's Keeper&quot;|url=https://www.aapf.org/post/why-we-can-t-wait-women-of-color-urge-inclusion-in-my-brother-s-keeper|accessdate=2023-02-16|work=AAPF|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'afọ ndụ niile na ndị dị iche iche bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, gụnyere ndị nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị na'ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, na ndị prọfesọ mahadum na-aja Onye isi ala Obama mma na mbọ White House, ọrụ ebere onwe onye, na òtù ikpe ziri ezi, ma na-agba ume itinye ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ agbọghọ. Mgbanwe ahụ ga-adị mkpa &quot;iji gosipụta ụkpụrụ nke itinye aka, ohere nhata na ọdịnihu a na-ekerịta nke mere ka ọgụ akụkọ ihe mere eme anyị maka ikpe ziri ezi agbụrụ gaa n'ihu&quot;.

* Mee 30, 2014 - akwụkwọ ozi nke 200 Black Men na ndị ọzọ na-acha uhie uhie na-akpọ oku maka itinye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na &quot;My Brothers Keeper&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=AAPF|date=2014-05-28|title=Letter of 250+ Concerned Black Men &amp; Other Men of Color calling for the Inclusion of Women and Girls|url=https://www.aapf.org/post/letter-of-250-concerned-black-men-other-men-of-color-calling-for-the-inclusion-of-women-and-girls|accessdate=2023-02-16|work=AAPF|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ ndị ikom sitere n’akụkụ nile nke ndụ bịanyere aka n’akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, gụnyere ndị ọkà mmụta, ndị a tụrụ mkpọrọ n’oge na-adịbeghị anya, ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala, ndị ụkọchukwu, ụmụ akwụkwọ kọleji, ndị nna ụmụ nwoke, nna ụmụ nwanyị, na ndị ọzọ. Ndị ikom niile kwekọrịtara na ụmụ agbọghọ nọ n'obodo ebe ndị ikom a na-ekerịta ụlọ, ụlọ akwụkwọ, na ebe ntụrụndụ na-ekerịta ọdịnihu na ibe ha nakwa na atụmatụ ahụ enweghị isi ma ọ bụrụ na atụmatụ ahụ agụnyeghị ma nwoke ma nwanyị.

== Mmetụta ==
A maara Crenshaw maka iguzobe echiche nke intersectionality, nke na-enyocha otú agbụrụ, klaasị, okike, na àgwà ndị ọzọ si ejikọta na njikọta iji kọwaa ịkpa ókè na enweghị aha na ọha mmadụ.[1] Crenshaw jere ozi dị ka onye ndu na onye na-akwado ọrụ na ngalaba nke ikike obodo, agbụrụ, intersectionality, na iwu na United States na mba ụwa. Ọrụ Crenshaw na intersectionality nwere mmetụta na-edepụta Iwu South Africa na Iwu Equality.[2] N'afọ 2001, Crenshaw dere akwụkwọ gbasara ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na nke nwoke na nwanyị maka Mgbakọ Mba Ụwa nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, bụ nke butere ịmepụta iwu nke ga-abara ndị pere mpe uru n'ụwa niile. Na mgbakwunye, Crenshaw kwadoro maka itinye okike na WCAR.[2][3]

Kemgbe 2010, Crenshaw abụrụla onye nkwado maka mmegharị #SayHerName. O jikọtara ya (ya na Andrea Ritchie) Kwuo Aha ya: Iguzogide obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii megide ụmụ nwanyị ojii, na-edekọ na ịdọrọ uche gaa na obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị ojii na United States.[1] Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, Crenshaw gara mmemme Women of the World, nke e mere na March 8-13, 2016 na Southbank Center na London, bụ ebe o nyere okwu isi okwu banyere ihe ịma aka pụrụ iche nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii chere ihu, ya bụ mmegide ndị uwe ojii megide ụmụ nwanyị ojii.[2]. Ọ kwalitere mkpọsa #SayHerName, bụ nke e mere iji mee ka a mata ụmụ nwanyị ojii ndị uwe ojii gburu.[3][4]

N'afọ 2017, Crenshaw kwuru okwu were otu awa nye igwe mmadụ juru na Rapaporte Treasure Hall na Mahadum Brandeis.[1] Ọ kọwara ọrụ intersectionality na-ekere na ọha nke oge a.[2] Mgbe ememe ụbọchị atọ nke ọrụ ya gasịrị, Onye isi oche Mahadum Ron Liebowitz nyere Crenshaw na Toby Gittler Award na ememe na-esochi okwu ahụ.[3] N'otu afọ ahụ, a kpọrọ Crenshaw ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche nke Women in Animation Gender Equality Forum nke The Animation Guild, Local 839 kwadoro. Crenshaw tụlere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmekpa ahụ n'ebe ọrụ ma gbanwee mkparịta ụka ahụ gaa n'otú o si arụ ọrụ na gburugburu ebe ọrụ taa. Ndị Crenshaw ibe ha kwetara na e nwere ọtụtụ ihe nchebe iji lụso iyi egwu mmekọahụ ọgụ n'ebe ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, a ka ga-edozi ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka iji dozie okwu ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu.[4]

Na 2021, a họpụtara Crenshaw na American Academy of Arts and Sciences maka ọrụ ọhụrụ ya na mmezu ọsụ ụzọ na intersectionality, ikike obodo, echiche agbụrụ dị egwu, na iwu.[1] Nakwa na 2021, a gbara Crenshaw ajụjụ ọnụ na nzaghachi Jon Wiener, onye nchịkọta akụkọ na The Nation, akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu na USA, wee kwuo maka nzaghachi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na echiche agbụrụ dị oke egwu, na-ekwupụta &quot;Ebe ọ bụla enwere mgbanwe agbụrụ, ọ bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere&quot;.[2]

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==

=== Akwụkwọ ===

* Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement, May 1, 1996. Nchịkọta nke ụfọdụ n'ime ihe odide kachasị mkpa nke guzobere ma kwado echiche agbụrụ (CRT). Akwụkwọ ahụ gụnyere isiokwu sitere na Derrick Bell, Richard Delgado, Mari Matsuda, Anthony Cook, Duncan Kennedy, Gary Peller, Kimberlé Crenshaw, na ndị ọzọ. Isiokwu niile na-agbakwunye ihe na CRT, ma gụọ n'onwe ya, na-agbanye akụkụ dị mkpa na CRT movement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/344652.Critical_Race_Theory?from_search=true&amp;search_version=service|title=Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the ...|date=1995|publisher=New Press|accessdate=May 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Okwu ndị merụrụ ahụ: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech and the First Amendment, 1993.
* The Race Track: Nghọta na Ihe ịma aka nke Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, July 30, 2013
* Nkwado Ịkpa Ókè: Echiche na-ezighị ezi nke Colorblindness, Remedy and Diversity, 2013
* ''Black Girls Matter: A chụpụrụ ha, chụpụ ha n'elu ndị uwe ojii na n'okpuru nchebe''. 2016. Akụkọ dabere na nyocha ọhụrụ nke data mba na ajụjụ ọnụ onwe onye na ụmụ agbọghọ na Boston na New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aapf.org/recent/2014/12/coming-soon-blackgirlsmatter-pushed-out-overpoliced-and-underprotected|title=COMING SOON: #BlackGirlsMatter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected - AAPF|work=www.aapf.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108223647/http://www.aapf.org/recent/2014/12/coming-soon-blackgirlsmatter-pushed-out-overpoliced-and-underprotected|archivedate=2015-01-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics and Violence against Women of Color, Jenụwarị 25, 2010. Crenshaw na-azaghachi omume n'àgwà dị n'ime ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị njirimara iji leghara anya ma ọ bụ mechie ọdịiche dị n'etiti otu, ihe a na-ekwughachi n'ime òtù ndị na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ụmụ nwanyị na-emebi ụmụ nwanyị ojii. Ọ na-enyocha akụkụ agbụrụ na nke nwoke na nwanyị nke ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara (na-ele anya kpọmkwem na mmeghachi omume na ime ihe ike n'ụlọ na ndina n'ike) iji dọta uche na otu esi eleghara anya, leghara anya, na-ezighị ezi, na / ma ọ bụ mechie. Crenshaw na-elekwasị anya na akụkụ nhazi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke intersectionality n'ihe gbasara ndina n'ike na mmetọ n'ụlọ. Ọ na-eji nyocha a nke ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara iji mee ka mkpa nke intersectionality na itinye aka na okwu ndị dị ka ime ihe ike maka ụmụ nwanyị site na oghere intersectional pụta ìhè.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://bibliographyofmylife.wordpress.com/2010/01/24/mapping-the-marginsintersectionality-identity-politics-and-violence-against-women-of-color/|title=&quot;Mapping the Margins:Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color&quot;|date=January 25, 2010|accessdate=May 10, 2015|archivedate=May 18, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518234142/https://bibliographyofmylife.wordpress.com/2010/01/24/mapping-the-marginsintersectionality-identity-politics-and-violence-against-women-of-color/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* On Intersectionality: Essential Writings of Kimberlé Crenshaw, September 24, 2015. Ọbịbịa. edemede na isiokwu ndị na-enyere aka ịkọwa echiche nke intersectionality. Crenshaw na-enye nghọta site na onye na-agba ọsọ na Central Park, akaebe Anita Hill megide onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu Clarence Thomas na ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nke ọdịmma ọha na eze.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kimberlé Crenshaw|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13236124-on-intersectionality?from_search=true&amp;search_version=service|title=On Intersectionality: The Essential Writings of Kimberlé Crenshaw by Kimberlé Crenshaw|publisher=Goodreads.com|date=|accessdate=2022-06-12|archivedate=September 24, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924133403/http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13236124-on-intersectionality?from_search=true&amp;search_version=service}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ịhụ agbụrụ ọzọ: Ịlụso ndị ìsì ọgụ n'ofe ọzụzụ (nke Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, Luke Charles Harris, Daniel Martinez HoSang, na George Lipsitz, University of California Press, 2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520300996/seeing-race-again|title=Seeing Race Again: Countering Colorblindness across the Disciplines|date=February 2019|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-30099-6|editor=Crenshaw|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* The Race Track: Otu Akụkọ ifo nke Ohere Ịha nhata si merie Ikpe Ziri Ezi agbụrụ (ya na Luke Charles Harris &amp; George Lipsitz), Disemba 2025. The Race Track na-ewepu akụkọ ifo nke America na-esote agbụrụ, na-akọwa ọ bụghị naanị ihe mere agbụrụ ji dị mkpa karịa mgbe ọ bụla kamakwa ihe ngwọta nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu maka ikpe na-ezighị ezi agbụrụ. Akwụkwọ ahụ ga-enye usoro maka ịghọta otu esi na ihe mere ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ji dịgide n'oge a.
* #SayHerName: Akụkọ ụmụ nwanyị ojii nke ime ihe ike na ịgbachi nkịtị (nke Kimberlé Crenshaw na African American Policy Forum, Okwu mbido nke Janelle Monáe), Haymarket Books, July 2023. Ijikọta ahụmịhe ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ime ihe ike ndị uwe ojii na okwu ime ihe ike nwoke na nwanyị na-eziga ozi dị ike na, n'ezie, ndụ ndị isi ojii niile dị mkpa na ndị uwe ojii enweghị ike igbu n'enweghị ihe ọ bụla. Nke a bụ akụkọ dị ike nke omume ụmụ nwanyị ojii, iwu obodo, enablement, na ndekọ ụmụ nwanyị ojii.

=== Isiokwu ===

* &quot;Traffic at the Crossroads: Multiple Oppressions&quot; na 2003 anthology ''Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium'', nke Robin Morgan dezigharịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;illinois1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=|title=Library Resource Finder: Table of Contents for: Sisterhood is forever : the women's anth|url=http://vufind.carli.illinois.edu/vf-dpu/Record/dpu_536804/TOC|accessdate=2015-10-15|publisher=Vufind.carli.illinois.edu|archivedate=September 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927110628/https://vufind.carli.illinois.edu/vf-dpu/Record/dpu_536804/TOC}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kwuo Aha ya: Ịguzogide Obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii megide ụmụ nwanyị ojii (ya na Andrea J. Ritchie, Rachel Anspach, Rachel Gilmer, Luker Harris, Columbia Law School, 2015) &lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberlé|date=2015-01-01|title=Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women|url=https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/3226|journal=Faculty Scholarship}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Otu Colorblindness si gbasaa n'oge Obama, na Seeing Race Again: Countering Colorblindity across the Disciplines (nke Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, Luke Charles Harris, Daniel Martinez HoSang, na George Lipsitz, University of California Press, 2019) &lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520300996/seeing-race-again|title=Seeing Race Again: Countering Colorblindness across the Disciplines|date=February 2019|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-30099-6|editor=Crenshaw|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCrenshawHarrisHoSangLipsitz2019&quot;&gt;Crenshaw, Kimberlé Williams; Harris, Luke Charles; HoSang, Daniel Martinez; Lipsitz, George, eds. (February 2019). [https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520300996/seeing-race-again ''Seeing Race Again: Countering Colorblindness across the Disciplines'']. Univ of California Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-520-30099-6|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-520-30099-6&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Crenshaw, Kimberlé {{!}} UCLA Law|url=https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/kimberle-w-crenshaw|accessdate=2023-03-14|work=law.ucla.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Unmasking Colorblindness in the Law: Lessons from the Formation of Critical Race Theory, in Seeing Race Again: Countering Colorblindity across the Disciplines (nke Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw, Luke Charles Harris, Daniel Martinez HoSang, na George Lipsitz, University of California Press, 2019 dezigharịrị).&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
* An Intersectional Critique of Tiers of Scrutiny: Beyond &quot;Either/Or&quot; Approaches to Equal Protection (with Devon W. Carbado), 129 The Yale Law Journal Forum 108 (2019).  &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Carbado|first=Devon|date=2019-01-01|title=An Intersectional Critique of Tiers of Scrutiny: Beyond &quot;Either/Or&quot; Approaches to Equal Protection|url=https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2816|journal=Yale Law Journal Forum|volume=129|pages=108}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Anyị Amụtaghị site na Anita Hill's Testimony, 26 UCLA Women's Law Journal 17 (2019).  &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberlé|date=2019-01-01|title=We Still Have Not Learned from Anita Hill's Testimony|url=https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2973|journal=UCLA Women's L.J.|volume=26|pages=17|doi=10.5070/L3261044346}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Race Liberalism and the Deradicalization of Racial Reform, 130 Harvard Law Review 2298 (2017).  &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberlé Williams|title=Race Liberalism and the Deradicalization of Racial Reform|url=https://harvardlawreview.org/2017/10/race-liberalism-and-the-deradicalization-of-racial-reform/|accessdate=2023-03-14|work=harvardlawreview.org|date=October 26, 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis (ya na Sumi Cho na Leslie McCall), 38 (4) Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 785 (2013).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cho|first=Sumi|date=2013|title=Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/669608|journal=Signs|volume=38|issue=4|pages=785–810|doi=10.1086/669608|issn=0097-9740}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
* Na-anọgide na Jim Jones: Pioneer, Taskmaster, Architect, Trailblazer, 2013 Wisconsin Law Review 703 (2013).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberlé|date=2013-01-01|title=Keeping Up with Jim Jones: Pioneer, Taskmaster, Architect, Trailblazer|url=https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/3292|journal=Wis. L. Rev.|volume=2013|pages=703}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
* Site na ime ihe ike nke onwe gaa n'ụlọ mkpọrọ: iche echiche gbasara ụmụ nwanyị, agbụrụ, na nchịkwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, 59 UCLA Law Review 1418 (2012).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberlé|date=2012-01-01|title=From Private Violence to Mass Incarceration: Thinking Intersectionally about Women, Race, and Social Control|url=https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2863|journal=UCLA L. Rev.|volume=59|pages=141}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
* Agbụrụ, Mgbanwe na Mgbanwe: Mgbanwe na Ikike n'Iwu Antidiscrimination, 12 German Law Review 247 (2011). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberlé Williams|date=1988|title=Race, Reform, and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Antidiscrimination Law|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1341398|journal=Harvard Law Review|volume=101|issue=7|pages=1331–1387|doi=10.2307/1341398|issn=0017-811X}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Twenty Years of Critical Race Theory: Looking Back to Move Forward, 43 Connecticut Law Review 1253-1352 (2011). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberle|date=2011-01-01|title=Twenty Years of Critical Race Theory: Looking back to Move Forward Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Lead Article|url=https://opencommons.uconn.edu/law_review/117|journal=Connecticut Law Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Encounters Close of Three Kinds: On Teaching Dominance, Feminism, and Intersectionality, 46 Tulsa Law Review 151-89 (2010). Symposium: Catharine MacKennon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
* Framing Affirmative Action, 105 Michigan Law Review First Impressions 123 (2007). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberlé|date=2006-01-01|title=&quot;Framing Affirmative Action&quot;|url=https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr_fi/vol105/iss1/4|journal=Michigan Law Review First Impressions|volume=105|issue=1|pages=123–133}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Law, na Philosophical Problems in the Law, 339-343, 4th ed.  (nke David M. Adams dezigharịrị, Wadsworth, 2005). &lt;ref name=&quot;Crenshaw&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberle|date=2015-12-07|title=Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics|url=https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8|journal=University of Chicago Legal Forum|volume=1989|issue=1|issn=0892-5593}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Afọ Iri Mbụ: Critical Reflections, ma ọ bụ &quot;A Foot in the Closing Door&quot;, 49 UCLA Law Review 1343-72 (2002). &lt;ref name=&quot;Crenshaw&quot; /&gt;
* Okwu mmeghe: Nweghachi Ọdịnihu Yesterday, 47 UCLA Law Review 1459-65 (2000). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberlé|date=2000-01-01|title=Opening Remarks: Reclaiming Yesterday's Future|url=https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2954|journal=UCLA Law Rev.|volume=47|pages=1459}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Playing Race Cards: Constructing a Pro-active Defense of Affirmative Action, 16 ''National Black Law Journal'' 196-214 (1998). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberlé|date=1998-01-01|title=Playing Race Cards: Constructing a Proactive Defense of Affirmative Action|url=https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2987|journal=Nat'l Black L. J.|volume=16|pages=196}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Okwu mbido, na Black Men on Race, Gender and Sexuality: A Critical Reader (nke Devon W. Carbado dezigharịrị, New York University Press, 1999). &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
* The Contradictions of Mainstream Constitutional Theory (ya na Gary Peller), 45 UCLA Law Review 1683-1715 (1998). Symposium: Voices of the People: Essays on Constitutional Democracy In Memory of Professor Julian N. Eule. &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;
* Nrọ na-enweghị ụcha na nrọ ọjọọ agbụrụ: Reconfiguring Racism in the Post-Civil Rights Era, na Birth of A Nation'hood: Gaze, Script and Spectacle in the O.J. Simpson Trial (nke Toni Morrison na Claudia Brodsky LaCour dezigharịrị, Pantheon Books, 1997). &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
* Panel Presentation on Cultural Battery, 25 University of Toledo Law Review 891-901 (1994). &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
* N'èzí ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na misogyny: Black Feminism na 2 Live Crew, na Words That Wound: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech na First Amendment (Westview, 1998). E bipụtakwara ya na Feminist Social Thought: A Reader (nke Diana Tietjens Meyers dezigharịrị, Routledge (1997). &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
* Reel Time/Real Justice (ya na Gary Peller), 70 Denver University Law Review 283-96 (1993). Mkparịta ụka: Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na Mbilite n'Ọnwụ nke Los Angeles Riots.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberle|date=1993-01-01|title=Reel Time/Real Justice|url=https://digitalcommons.du.edu/dlr/vol70/iss2/10|journal=Denver Law Review|volume=70|issue=2|pages=283|issn=0883-9409}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;
* Agbụrụ, Mmekọahụ, na Mmekọala Mmekọm, 65 Southern California Law Review 1467-76 (1992).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberlé|date=1992-01-01|title=Race, Gender, and Sexual Harassment|url=https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2867|journal=S. Cal. L. Rev.|volume=65|pages=1467}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Running from Race (Nkwupụta na Okwu Democrats banyere agbụrụ) (ya na Gary Peller), 7 Taken 13-17 (1992).&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
* Ònye ka Akụkọ Ọ bụ, n'agbanyeghị nke ahụ? Nkwado ụmụ nwanyị na ndị na-emegide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke Anita Hill, na Race-ing Justice, En-gendering Power, 402-40 (nke Toni Morrison dezigharịrị, Pantheon Books, 1992). &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
* Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color, 43 Stanford Law Review 1241-99 (1991). Women of Color at the Center: Nhọrọ sitere na Nzukọ nke Atọ nke Mba na Women of Color na Iwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color (1994).|url=https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2004-20005-010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;
* Nkwụsị nke njikọ agbụrụ na mmekọahụ: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics, 1989 University of Chicago Legal Forum 139-67 (1989). E bipụtaghachiri ya na The Politics of Law: A Progressive Critique 195-217 (2nd ed., edited by David Kairys, Pantheon, 1990). &lt;ref name=&quot;Crenshaw 139&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberlé|date=1989-01-01|title=Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics|url=https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/3007|journal=U. Chi. Legal F.|volume=1989|pages=139}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Toward a Race-Conscious Pedagogy in Legal Education (Okwu mbido: Ikike ịtụ vootu: Atụmatụ maka Iwu na Ọrụ Obodo), 11 ''National Black Law Journal'' 1-14 (1989).&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
* Agbụrụ, Mgbanwe, na Mgbanwe: Mgbanwe na Ikike n'Iwu Antidiscrimination, 101 Harvard Law Review 1331-87 (1988). E bipụtaghachiri ya na Critical Legal Thought: An American-German Debate (nke Christian Joerges na David M. Trubek dezigharịrị, Nomos, 1989).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Crenshaw|first=Kimberlé|date=1988-01-01|title=Race, Reform, and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Antidiscrimination Law|url=https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/2866|journal=Harv. L. Rev.|volume=101|issue=7|pages=1331–1387|doi=10.2307/1341398}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye na nsọpụrụ ==

* 1985: William H. Hastie Fellow
* 1991: Prọfesọ nke Afọ, UCLA School of Law&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kimberlé W. Crenshaw|url=https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/kimberle-w-crenshaw|accessdate=27 October 2025|work=UCLA Law}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1994: Prọfesọ nke Afọ, UCLA School of Law &lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;
* 2007; Fulbright Chair maka Latin America na Brazil &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=&lt;!--Staff writer; no byline--&gt;|title=Canton native Kimberlé Crenshaw receives legal scholar award|url=http://www.cantonrep.com/article/20160205/NEWS/160209501|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711071408/https://www.cantonrep.com/article/20160205/NEWS/160209501|archivedate=July 11, 2021|accessdate=March 10, 2016|work=The Repository}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008: onye natara Alphonse Fletcher Fellowship &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cantonrep.com/article/20081217/NEWS/312179763/0/SEARCH|title=Canton native wins fellowships to study race|work=The Repository|accessdate=March 10, 2016|archivedate=March 10, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310212439/http://www.cantonrep.com/article/20081217/NEWS/312179763/0/SEARCH}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2008: onye otu, Center for Advanced Behavioral Studies in the Social Sciences, Mahadum Stanford &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
* 2015: No. 1 Most Inspiring Feminist, Ms. Magazine&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
* 2015: &quot;Power 100&quot; Ebony Magazine&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cantonrep.com/article/20151203/NEWS/151209765|title=Kimberlé Crenshaw named to Ebony Magazine's 'Power 100'|author=report|first=CantonRep.com staff|work=The Repository|accessdate=March 10, 2016|archivedate=March 10, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310211926/http://www.cantonrep.com/article/20151203/NEWS/151209765}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2016: Onyinye Ọkà mmụta pụtara ìhè, Fellows of the American Bar Foundation (ABF) &lt;ref name=&quot;foundation1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.americanbarfoundation.org/news/642|title=UCLA and Columbia Law Professor Kimberlé Crenshaw to Receive 2016 Fellows Outstanding Scholar Award - American Bar Foundation|author=Foundation|first=American Bar|work=www.americanbarfoundation.org|accessdate=March 10, 2016|archivedate=July 1, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701004637/http://www.americanbarfoundation.org/news/642}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFFoundation&quot;&gt;Foundation, American Bar. [http://www.americanbarfoundation.org/news/642 &quot;UCLA and Columbia Law Professor Kimberlé Crenshaw to Receive 2016 Fellows Outstanding Scholar Award - American Bar Foundation&quot;]. ''www.americanbarfoundation.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210701004637/http://www.americanbarfoundation.org/news/642 Archived] from the original on July 1, 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;March 10,&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2017: Ihe nrite Gittler &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/now/2017/october/gittler-prize-ceremony.html|title=Kimberlé Crenshaw honored with Gittler Prize {{!}} BrandeisNOW|work=BrandeisNOW|language=en|accessdate=December 16, 2017|archivedate=December 1, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201145904/http://www.brandeis.edu/now/2017/october/gittler-prize-ceremony.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Ruth Bader Ginsburg Lifetime Service Award, Association of American Law Schools (AALS) &lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=AALS Honors Kimberlé W. Crenshaw with Lifetime Service Award|url=https://www.aals.org/about/publications/newsletters/aals-news-summer-2021/aals-honors-kimberle-w-crenshaw-with-lifetime-service-award/|accessdate=2023-03-13|work=Association of American Law Schools}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: Onyinye Triennial, Association of American Law Schools (AALS) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Triennial Award|url=https://www.aals.org/awards/triennial/|accessdate=2023-03-13|work=Association of American Law Schools}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2021: A họpụtara ya na American Academy of Arts and Sciences &lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kimberlé W. Crenshaw|url=https://www.amacad.org/person/kimberle-w-crenshaw|accessdate=2023-03-13|work=American Academy of Arts &amp; Sciences|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Crenshaw Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences {{!}} UCLA Law|url=https://law.ucla.edu/news/crenshaw-elected-american-academy-arts-and-sciences|accessdate=2023-03-13|work=law.ucla.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2023: O.A. Ihe nrite A. Winslow &lt;ref name=&quot;Y&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ysph.yale.edu/about-school-of-public-health/history/the-winslow-medal|title=The Winslow Medal|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|date=|work=Yale School of Public Health|publisher=|accessdate=June 17, 2025|quote=|archivedate=June 27, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250627073503/https://ysph.yale.edu/about-school-of-public-health/history/the-winslow-medal/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

* [https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/kimberle-w-crenshaw/ Ndị prọfesọ iwu UCLA: Kimberlé W. Crenshaw]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Ahụmahụ African American na Cyberspace. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-7453-2222-0|&lt;bdi&gt;0-7453-2222-0&lt;/bdi&gt;]]. &amp;nbsp;
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/oj/interviews/crenshaw.html|title=O.J. Verdict Interviews: Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw|date=April 22, 2005|work=Frontline|publisher=PBS|accessdate=June 17, 2009}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
 

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị: [https://kimberlecrenshaw.com/ kimberlecrenshaw.com]
* &quot;Intersectionality: The Double Bind of Race and Gender&quot; E debere ya na  Wayback Machine, ajụjụ ọnụ na Kimberlé Crenshaw, American Bar Association, Spring 2004.
* Dr. Kimberlé Crenshaw na Teaching Truthfully About U.S. History, site na Teach the Black Freedom Struggle online series.
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    <title>Valeria Bruni Tedeschi</title>
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      <text bytes="9137" sha1="6sd6qwtd6ihyom7yr18onfpjjquta5i" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Valeria Bruni Tedeschi at Berlinale 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|233x233px|Valeria Bruni Tedeschi na Berlinale 2022 ]]
 

'''Valeria Carla Federica Bruni Tedeschi''', nke a na-edekwa '''Bruni-Tedeschi''' ( [vaˈlɛːrja ˈbruːni teˈdeski]; amụrụ na 16 Nọvemba 1964 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,16/articleid,0100_01_1964_0268_0016_10961756/anews,true/|work=La Stampa|title=Stato Civile di Torino|date=21 November 1964|accessdate=19 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;), bụ onye Itali na French &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.fluctuat.net/valeria-bruni-tedeschi.html|title=Fluctuat : Actu et chroniques : un œil sur la Pop culture|work=Premiere.fr|language=fr|accessdate=7 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211114954/http://cinema.fluctuat.net/valeria-bruni-tedeschi.html|archivedate=11 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-eme ihe nkiri, onye edemede na onye nduzi ihe nkiri. A họpụtara ihe nkiri ya nke afọ 2013, A Castle in Italy, maka Palme d'Or na 2013 Cannes Film Festival . &lt;ref name=&quot;Cannes2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/59652.html|title=2013 Official Selection|date=20 April 2013|accessdate=20 April 2013|work=Cannes}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{IPA|it|vaˈlɛːrja ˈbruːni teˈdeski}}{{IPA|it|vaˈlɛːrja ˈbruːni teˈdeski}}{{IPA|it|vaˈlɛːrja ˈbruːni teˈdeski}}

== Ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Bruni Tedeschi na Turin, Ịtali, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_U6nxWmF9bFoC|title=Catálogo BAFICI 2008|publisher=Gob Ciudad de Buenos Aires|quote=Valeria Bruni Tedeschi turin.}}&lt;/ref&gt; na mpaghara Piedmont nke Ịtali, nwa nwanyị nke Marisa Borini na Alberto Bruni Tedechi. Dị ka nwanne ya nwanyị nke obere, Carla Bruni, ọ biri na France. A zụlitere ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ n'asụsụ abụọ, ka ezinụlọ ha kwagara Paris na 1973, na-atụ egwu ịtọrọ mmadụ na, mgbe e mesịrị, iyi ọha egwu Ndị Red Brigades.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Morvillo|first=Candida|date=2020-08-03|title=Marisa Bruni Tedeschi: «Così dissi a mio marito del mio amante. E lui: ti capisco»|url=https://www.corriere.it/cronache/20_marzo_08/marisa-bruni-tedeschi-cosi-svelai-mio-marito-nome-mio-amante-lui-mi-rispose-ti-capisco-91307f94-610a-11ea-8f33-90c941af0f23.shtml|accessdate=2025-08-14|work=Corriere della Sera|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2007-05-05|title=Model Life|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/default_content/12763318.model-life/|accessdate=2025-08-14|work=The Herald|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bruni Tedeschi zụrụ na ihe nkiri na Jean Darel na American Center na Blanche Salant tupu ọ banye na Patrice Chéreau's École des Amandiers na Nanterre na mbido afọ 1980. O mere ihe nkiri telivishọn mbụ ya na 1983 na Paolina, la juste cause et la bonne raison, n'otu afọ ahụ, ọ pụtara n'elu ikpo okwu na ''Plato'', nke Chéreau duziri. Ọrụ ihe nkiri mbụ ya dị ịrịba ama bịara na ''Hôtel de France'' (1987), nke Chéreau duziri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cannes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Valeria Bruni Tedeschi|url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/p/valeria-bruni-tedeschi/|accessdate=14 August 2025|work=Festival de Cannes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime iri afọ ndị sochirinụ, a maara Tedeschi maka ọrụ karịrị ihe nkiri 85, mmepụta telivishọn, na ihe ngosi. O meriri César Award maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma na 1994 maka ọrụ ya na Les gens normaux n'ont rien d'exceptionnel (1993). Ya na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Noémie Lvovsky na-arụkọ ọrụ ugboro ugboro, na-apụta na ihe karịrị iri n'ime ọrụ ya kemgbe 1990. &lt;ref name=&quot;LesArcs&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Slope of Fame: Valeria Bruni Tedeschi|url=https://lesarcs-filmfest.com/en/slope-of-fame/valeria-bruni-tedeschi|accessdate=14 August 2025|work=Les Arcs Film Festival}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe omume ya gụnyere ọrụ na La Reine Margot (1994), Nénette et Boni (1996), Ceux qui m'aiment prendront le train (1998), na La parola amore esiste (1998).[1] [2] Na sinima Italiantali, ya na ndị nduzi dị ka Marco Bellocchio, Mimmo Calopresti na Gabriele Muccino rụkọrọ ọrụ.[1] Ọrụ ya mechara pụta ìhè gụnyere 5 × 2 (2004), Castle in Italy (Un château en Italie, 2013), nke ahọpụtara maka Palme d'Or na Cannes, [3] na Les Estivants (2018). N'afọ 2014, ọ meriri ihe nrite onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Tribeca Film Festival maka arụmọrụ ya na Paolo Virzì's Human Capital (Il capitale umano).[4]

Tedeschi's directorial mpụta mbụ, Easy for Camels... , nwetara ihe nrite abụọ na Tribeca Film Festival na 2003, maka Emerging Narrative Filmmaker na Best Actress. [1] E nyekwara ihe nkiri ahụ Louis Delluc Prize maka ihe nkiri izizi kacha mma na 2003, wee nweta ihe nrite na mmemme ihe nkiri ụmụ nwanyị Ankara Flying Broom na 2004. [2] [3] [4] E gosipụtara ya na 25th Moscow International Film Festival. [5]

Na 2005 Berlinale, Berlin International Film Festival, Bruni Tedeschi pụtara ịkwalite ihe nkiri abụọ ọ rụrụ: ''Tiketi'' (2005), ihe nkiri atọ nke Ermanno Olmi, Abbas Kiarostami, na Ken Loach duziri, na Crustacés et Coquillages, ihe ọchị nke ndị France abụọ nke Olivier Ducastel na Jacques Martineau duziri.

N'afọ 2007, Bruni Tedeschi duziri Actrices, nke meriri Prix Spécial du Jury na 2007 Cannes Film Festival. Ihe nkiri ya nke 2022 Les Amandiers (Forever Young) gosipụtakwara na asọmpi isi nke 2022 Cannes Film Festival . &lt;ref name=&quot;Cannes2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Official Selection|url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/selection/competition-1|work=Festival de Cannes 2022|accessdate=11 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Tedeschi nwere nwa amaala Ịtali ma nweta nwa amaala France site na ịbụ nwa amaala na 31 Julaị 2006. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=JORF n° 0177 du 2 août 2006 - Légifrance|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/jo/id/JORFCONT000000004663|accessdate=2024-01-08|work=legifrance.gouv.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nne ya bụ onye Ịtali nke nwere ndị nna nna French. Nna ya bụ onye Ịtali. Ọ bụ nwa nwanne nne nke abụọ nke Alessandra Martines.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Média|first=Prisma|title=Le saviez-vous ? Alessandra Martines est la cousine de Carla Bruni - Gala|url=https://www.gala.fr/l_actu/news_de_stars/le-saviez-vous-alessandra-martines-est-la-cousine-de-carla-bruni_476703|accessdate=18 October 2021|work=Gala.fr|date=19 September 2021|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=24 February 2021|title=Cos'hanno in comune Fantaghirò, Carla Bruni e Valeria Bruni Tedeschi? Il loro legame vi sorprenderà|url=https://www.cinematographe.it/news/coshanno-in-comune-fantaghiro-carla-bruni-e-valeria-bruni-tedeschi-il-loro-legame-vi-sorprendera/|accessdate=18 October 2021|work=Cinematographe.it|language=it-IT}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tedeschi na onye France na-eme ihe nkiri Louis Garrel nwere mmekọrịta site na 2007 ruo 2012. Ha abụọ kuchiri nwa agbọghọ si [[Senegal]] na 2009.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mabilon|first=Léa|title=«J'avais envie d'être blanche» : ces mots d'Oumy, la fille de Louis Garrel et Valeria Bruni Tedeschi, victime de racisme&quot;|url=https://madame.lefigaro.fr/celebrites/actu-people/j-avais-envie-d-etre-blanche-ces-mots-d-oumy-la-fille-de-louis-garrel-et-valeria-bruni-tedeschi-victime-de-racisme-20230127|work=[[Le Figaro]]|accessdate=20 May 2023|language=fr|date=27 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.morungexpress.com/entertainment/17811.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325103838/http://www.morungexpress.com/entertainment/17811.html|title=Carla Bruni 'besotted' after becoming aunt to African baby|archivedate=25 March 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2022, Bruni Tedeschi na onye France na-eme ihe nkiri Sofiane Bennacer nọ na mmekọrịta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vicente|first=Álex|title=Valeria Bruni Tedeschi: &quot;Lamento haber rodado mi película, ninguna obra vale este sufrimiento&quot;|url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2023-05-19/valeria-bruni-tedeschi-lamento-haber-rodado-mi-pelicula-ninguna-obra-vale-este-sufrimiento.html#?rel=lom|work=[[El País]]|accessdate=20 May 2023|language=es|date=19 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Affaire Bennacer : sa compagne, la réalisatrice Valeria Bruni-Tedeschi, dénonce un &quot;lynchage médiatique&quot;|url=https://www.lamontagne.fr/paris-75000/faits-divers/affaire-bennacer-sa-compagne-la-realisatrice-valeria-bruni-tedeschi-denonce-un-lynchage-mediatique_14222237/|work=[[La Montagne (newspaper)|La Montagne]]|language=fr|accessdate=20 May 2023|date=25 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chollet|first=Mona|title='Valeria Bruni-Tedeschi did not stop to analyze the power games that were playing out in her school'|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2022/12/03/valeria-bruni-tedeschi-did-not-stop-to-analyze-the-power-games-that-were-playing-out-in-her-school_6006448_23.html|work=[[Le Monde]]|accessdate=20 May 2023|language=en|date=3 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ndị a họọrọ ==

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

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  <page>
    <title>Eliza Hillier</title>
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'''Eliza Mary Medhurst Hillier Hole''' (Julia 24, 1828 - Febụwarị 20, 1886) bụ onye edemede Britain. E bipụtara akwụkwọ lkpomozzllpmọ ozi ya na nwanne ya nwanyị dị ka My Dearest Martha: The Life and Letters of Eliza Hillier (2021). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hillier|first=Andrew|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/My_Dearest_Martha_The_Life_and_Letters_o/9883EAAAQBAJ|title=My Dearest Martha: The Life and Letters of Eliza Hillier|date=2021-07-01|publisher=City University of HK Press|isbn=978-962-937-577-5|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHillier2021&quot;&gt;Hillier, Andrew (2021-07-01). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/My_Dearest_Martha_The_Life_and_Letters_o/9883EAAAQBAJ ''My Dearest Martha: The Life and Letters of Eliza Hillier'']. City University of HK Press. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-962-937-577-5|&lt;bdi&gt;978-962-937-577-5&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A mụrụ Eliza Hillier na Julaị 24, 1828 na Batavia, nwa nke atọ dị ndụ nke onye ozi ala ọzọ Walter Henry Medhurst na Elizabeth &quot;Betty&quot; Martin. Martin bụ nwa nwanyị nke onye agha Britain na nwanyị nwere ike ịbụ onye Tamil. Nwanne Eliza Hillier bụ onye na_anọchi anya mba ọzọ bụ Walter Henry Medhurst . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
Ọ sonyeere ezinụlọ ya na njem ya na England, laghachi Batavia, [[Hong Kong]], na Shanghai. N'afọ 1846, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, ọ lụrụ [[Charles Batten Hiller]], onye ga-arụ ọrụ dị ka Chief Magistrate nke Hong Kong, 1847-1856. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị oge1856,  mgbe  ọnwa anọ gara ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi  anya Britain mbụ na Siam, ya na ụmụ ya laghachiri England, ebe ọ nọrọ ndụ ya niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

O bipụtara akụkọ atọ gbasara Siam na Okwu Ezinụlọ Charles Dickens na 1857 na 1858.[1] Nke a nwere ike ịbụ mmalite nke nwa nwanyị di ya nwụrụ nke na-adọga n'ịkọ ego n'ọrụ ide akwụkwọ, ka o dere ụfọdụ akụkọ ifo a na-ebipụtabeghị. Ọ bụrụ otu a, o nweghị ihe ịga nke ọma. O weputara ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke akwụkwọ ozi na ndị ikwu ya si mba ofesi, ụfọdụ sitere n'aka nwa ya Andrew Hillier bipụtara dị ka My Dearest Martha: Ndụ na Akwụkwọ Ozi nke Eliza Hillier (2021).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ọ lụrụ Charles Batten Hiller na 1846. Ha nwere mụọ ụmụ ise dị ndụ, gụnyere Sir Walter Caine Hillier KCMG CB. N'afọ 1864, ọ lụrụ onye ọka iwu Charles Marshall Hole ma ha nwere ụmụ atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
== Edendibịa ==
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      <timestamp>2026-07-05T20:01:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="886" sha1="1zuxagi5besnpbsebkxnjoou323q6nk" xml:space="preserve">'''Ayodele Max Adetula''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Ayodele Adetula.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 9 Febụwarị nkè 1998) bụ onye Germany na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere [[w:1.| FC Lokomotive Leipzig|FC Lokomotive Leipzig]] FC Lokomotive Leipzig.

Adetula mere nke mbụ ya na Eintracht Braunschweig na 3.  Liga.&lt;ref name=&quot;oldenburg&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nach Vertragsauflösung in Essen: Adetula wechselt zum VfB Oldenburg|url=https://www.kicker.de/nach-vertragsaufloesung-in-essen-adetula-wechselt-zum-vfb-oldenburg-786815/artikel|work=kicker|accessdate=9 October 2020|date=9 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ sonyeere ndị otu Regionalliga Nord VfB Oldenburg na Ọktoba 2020, mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Rot-Weiss Essen kwụsịrị.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adetula, Ayodele}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>1zuxagi5besnpbsebkxnjoou323q6nk</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>672799</id>
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        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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      <text bytes="889" sha1="qqudaltlfzbaqwpxljjueb9f14tb5bi" xml:space="preserve">'''Ayodele Max Adetula''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Ayodele Adetula.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 9 Febụwarị nkè 1998) bụ onye Germany na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere [[w:1.| FC Lokomotive Leipzig|FC Lokomotive Leipzig]]    FC Lokomotive Leipzig.

Adetula mere nke mbụ ya na Eintracht Braunschweig na 3.  Liga.&lt;ref name=&quot;oldenburg&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nach Vertragsauflösung in Essen: Adetula wechselt zum VfB Oldenburg|url=https://www.kicker.de/nach-vertragsaufloesung-in-essen-adetula-wechselt-zum-vfb-oldenburg-786815/artikel|work=kicker|accessdate=9 October 2020|date=9 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ sonyeere ndị otu Regionalliga Nord VfB Oldenburg na Ọktoba 2020, mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Rot-Weiss Essen kwụsịrị.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adetula, Ayodele}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>qqudaltlfzbaqwpxljjueb9f14tb5bi</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="885" sha1="m3uwqjtbaimnxsbg9k1emm9x9uvcc7v" xml:space="preserve">'''Ayodele Max Adetula''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Ayodele Adetula.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 9 Febụwarị nkè 1998) bụ onye Germany na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere [[w:1.FC Lokomotive Leipzig|FC Lokomotive Leipzig]]  FC Lokomotive Leipzig.

Adetula mere nke mbụ ya na Eintracht Braunschweig na 3.  Liga.&lt;ref name=&quot;oldenburg&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nach Vertragsauflösung in Essen: Adetula wechselt zum VfB Oldenburg|url=https://www.kicker.de/nach-vertragsaufloesung-in-essen-adetula-wechselt-zum-vfb-oldenburg-786815/artikel|work=kicker|accessdate=9 October 2020|date=9 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ sonyeere ndị otu Regionalliga Nord VfB Oldenburg na Ọktoba 2020, mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Rot-Weiss Essen kwụsịrị.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adetula, Ayodele}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>m3uwqjtbaimnxsbg9k1emm9x9uvcc7v</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Fanendo Adi</title>
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'''Fanendo Adi''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1990) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-aga n'ihu.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Europe ===
Mgbe ọ hapụrụ AS Trencin, Adi gbara goolu na F.C. Copenhagen mbụ ya megide FC Vestsjælland na 25 Ọgọstụ, n'agbanyeghị na o nweghị ọrụ ya na ikike obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dr.dk/Sporten/Fodbold/Superliga/2013/08/28/0828161944.htm|title=FCK: Fanendo Adi er overrasket og forvirret|work=dr.dk|date=28 August 2013|accessdate=28 August 2013|archivedate=31 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831192415/http://www.dr.dk/Sporten/Fodbold/Superliga/2013/08/28/0828161944.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Osisi Portland ===
Na 13 Mee 2014, Adi sonyeere Portland Timbers nke Major League Soccer na mbinye ego yana nhọrọ ịzụta. O mere mpụta mbụ ya dị ka onye nọchiri anya Columbus Crew wee nweta enyemaka na egwuregwu ahụ, omume nke mere ka ọ malite n'egwuregwu na-esote.Na mmalite mmalite ya maka klọb ahụ, na 28 May 2014 megide Chivas USA, Adi meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ na nke abụọ maka ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ. Na 7 June ọ natara mmalite nke abụọ ya wee merie ihe mgbaru ọsọ abụọ na ọkara mbụ megide Real Salt Lake.

Ndị Portland Timbers bịanyere aka na Adi na June 23, 2014. Ọ ghọrọ onye ọkpụkpọ nke anọ nke ụlọ ọgbakọ a ga-ahazi. Ọ bụ onye kacha nye goolu na 2015 na 2016 nwere ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na asatọ. Na Eprel 8, 2017, mgbe ọ gbasịrị bọọlụ ntaramahụhụ megide Philadelphia Union, Adi ghọrọ onye na-agba bọọlụ oge niile Timbers, nwere ihe mgbaru ọsọ 46.

=== FC Cincinnati ===
[[Faịlụ:CINvNSH_2018-10-20_-_Fanendo_Adi,_Bradley_Bourgeois_(32620711637)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Adi (n'aka ekpe) dueling na Bradley Bourgeois nke Nashville SC na egwuregwu FC Cincinnati nke 2018]]
Adi malitere na egwuregwu atọ mbụ nke oge MLS nke FC Cincinnati. Otú ọ dị, n'egwuregwu nke atọ na 17 Machị (Cincinnati na-emeghe ụlọ megide Portland Timbers), ọ merụrụ ahụ mgbe ya na Larrys Mabiala zutere na ngwụcha ọkara mbụ, a chụpụrụ ya na ọkara oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Baer|first=Benjamin|title=Fanendo Adi exits FC Cincinnati home opener with injury|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2019/03/17/fanendo-adi-exits-fc-cincinnati-home-opener-injury|work=MLSsoccer.com|publisher=Major League Soccer|accessdate=5 April 2019|date=17 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọgidere n'elu bench na mmerụ ahụ n'ikpere aka ekpe n'egwuregwu abụọ sochirinụ.

N'ihe dị ka 3:45 nke ụtụtụ na 31 Machị 2019, ndị Ohio State Highway Patrol kwụsịrị Adi ma kwuo ya maka ịrụ ọrụ ụgbọ ala n'okpuru mmetụta nke mmanya (OVI), ịgba ọsọ, na enweghị akwụkwọ ikike ọkwọ ụgbọala ziri ezi. Dị ka ndị uwe ojii si kwuo, Adi na-akwọ ụgbọala 102 mph na mpaghara 65 mph, gosipụtara mmanya na-aba n'anya nke 0.124 na ule iku ume, ma nwee naanị akwụkwọ ikike ịkwọ ụgbọala Ukraine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brennan|first=Patrick|title=FC Cincinnati's Fanendo Adi cited for OVI, speeding faster than 100 MPH|url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/crime/2019/04/02/fc-cincinnati-player-fanendo-adi-cited-ovi-unavailable-team/3346097002/|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|publisher=Gannett Company|accessdate=5 April 2019|language=en|date=3 April 2019|archivedate=4 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404151608/https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/crime/2019/04/02/fc-cincinnati-player-fanendo-adi-cited-ovi-unavailable-team/3346097002/}}&lt;/ref&gt; FC Cincinnati kwụsịtụrụ Adi wee banye na mmemme MLS ' Substance Abuse and Behavioral Health.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Pfahler|first=Laurel|title=After Fanendo Adi's drunk driving citation, FC Cincinnati plot a way forward|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/904247/2019/04/03/fanendo-adi-drunk-driving-fc-cincinnati/|work=[[The Athletic]]|accessdate=5 April 2019|date=3 April 2019|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112040501/https://theathletic.com/904247/2019/04/03/fanendo-adi-drunk-driving-fc-cincinnati/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A tọhapụrụ Adi n'ọrụ na 24 Eprel wee malite iso ndị otu ahụ na-emega ahụ n'ụbọchị na-esote; Otú ọ dị, nkeji ya ka dị obere ka nkwonkwo ụkwụ ya ka na-agbake. Ọ pụtara nke mbụ ya kemgbe mmerụ ahụ na nkeji iri na otu ikpeazụ nke egwuregwu San Jose Earthquakes na 4 Mee. Ọ gbara nkeji iri abụọ na isii ọzọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya na egwuregwu abụọ sochirinụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Mee, Adi malitere na nke mbụ ya kemgbe ụbọchị iri na asaa n'ọnwarị wee gbaa nkeji iri itoolu zuru ezu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Pfahler|first=Laurel|title=Finally back in FCC lineup, Adi's ready to score some goals|url=https://www.wcpo.com/sports/fc-cincinnati/getting-back-into-fc-cincys-starting-lineup-has-been-a-long-process-for-fanendo-adi|work=WCPO|accessdate=13 June 2019|language=en|date=1 June 2019|archivedate=27 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727100927/https://www.wcpo.com/sports/fc-cincinnati/getting-back-into-fc-cincys-starting-lineup-has-been-a-long-process-for-fanendo-adi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adi gbara goolu mbụ ya n'afọ 2019 n'egwuregwu U.S. Open Cup megide Louisville City FC na 12 June.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brennan|first=Patrick|title=FC Cincinnati survives extra time, Louisville City FC in 2–1 Open Cup victory|url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/sports/soccer/fc-cincinnati/2019/06/12/live-updates-fc-cincinnati-louisville-city-fc-set-renew-dirty-river-derby/1438870001/|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|publisher=Gannett Company|accessdate=13 June 2019|language=en|date=12 June 2019|archivedate=16 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616054505/https://www.cincinnati.com/story/sports/soccer/fc-cincinnati/2019/06/12/live-updates-fc-cincinnati-louisville-city-fc-set-renew-dirty-river-derby/1438870001/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na oge MLS nke 2019 na July 13 megide Chicago Fire. O nyere FC Cincinnati ụzọ na mmeri, 2-1 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fccincinnati.com/post/2019/07/13/takeaways-chicago|title=Takeaways from Chicago|author=Hatch|first=Charlie|date=July 13, 2019|work=FC Cincinnati|accessdate=24 July 2019|archivedate=24 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724135722/https://www.fccincinnati.com/post/2019/07/13/takeaways-chicago}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe oge ọgba aghara gasịrị na Cincinnati, klọb ahụ hapụrụ Adi na 17 Jenụwarị 2020, tupu oge 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fccincinnati.com/post/2020/01/17/fc-cincy-place-adi-hague-waivers|title=FC Cincy place Adi, Hague on waivers|work=FC Cincinnati|accessdate=18 January 2020|archivedate=19 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119132722/https://www.fccincinnati.com/post/2020/01/17/fc-cincy-place-adi-hague-waivers}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndị Ọrụ Columbus ===
Na 27 Jenụwarị 2020, Columbus Crew SC kwupụtara na ọ na-azọrọ Adi na Major League Soccer Waiver List.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.columbuscrewsc.com/post/2020/01/27/columbus-crew-sc-selects-forward-fanendo-adi-mls-waiver-list|title=Columbus Crew SC selects forward Fanendo Adi off MLS waiver list|work=columbuscrewsc.com|date=January 27, 2020|accessdate=January 27, 2020|archivedate=27 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127220954/https://www.columbuscrewsc.com/post/2020/01/27/columbus-crew-sc-selects-forward-fanendo-adi-mls-waiver-list}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwekọrịta Adi na Columbus gwụrụ mgbe oge 2020 gasịrị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.columbuscrewsc.com/post/2020/12/14/release-core-2020-mls-cup-winning-columbus-crew-sc-roster-return-2021|title=RELEASE &amp;#124; Core of 2020 MLS Cup-winning Columbus Crew SC roster to return in 2021|work=Columbus SC|date=2020-12-14|accessdate=14 December 2020|archivedate=14 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214164658/https://www.columbuscrewsc.com/post/2020/12/14/release-core-2020-mls-cup-winning-columbus-crew-sc-roster-return-2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Minnesota United ===

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A kpọrọ Adi na ndị otu U23 nke Naijiria ugboro abụọ n'afọ 2011. A kpọkwara ya ka ọ gaa n'òtù ndị isi Naịjirịa ka ọ lụso Ijipt ọgụ na 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier na Machị 2016 mana ọ gbaghị bọọlụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4078/exclusives/2016/03/03/20957632/delighted-fanendo-adi-ready-to-play-part-in-super-eagles|title=Delighted Fanendo Adi ready to play part in Super Eagles campaign|publisher=goal.com|date=3 March 2016|accessdate=12 July 2016|archivedate=8 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508111731/http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4078/exclusives/2016/03/03/20957632/delighted-fanendo-adi-ready-to-play-part-in-super-eagles?}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ịzụ ndị mmadụ ==
N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2023, a họpụtara Adi ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke otu Minnesota United Academy U-19 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MNUFC Academy Announces New Coaching and Technical Staff Additions|url=https://www.mnufc.com/news/mnufc-academy-announces-new-coaching-and-technical-staff-additions|work=MNUFC.com|accessdate=19 February 2023|archivedate=19 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219035847/https://www.mnufc.com/news/mnufc-academy-announces-new-coaching-and-technical-staff-additions}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 8 November 2021]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|id=179414}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Metalurh Donetsk
|2010–11
|Njikọ Premier nke Ukraine
|9
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|1
|-
|Dynamo Kyiv (onye e goro ego) 
|2011–12
|Njikọ Premier nke Ukraine
|3
|0
|1
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|1
|-
|Tavriya Simferopol
|2011–12
|Njikọ Premier nke Ukraine
|9
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |AS Trenčín
|2012–13
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Njikọ bọọlụ mbụ nke Slovak
|16
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|3
|-
|2013–14
|3
|7
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|7
|10
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!19
!10
!0
!0
!4
!3
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!23
!13
|-
|F.C. Copenhagen
|2013–14
|Superliga Danish
|9
|3
|1
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|3
|-
|Portland Timbers (nke a gbazinyere) 
|2014
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Egwuregwu bọọlụ nke Major League
|6
|4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|4
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Osisi Portland
|2014
|19
|5
|2
|0
|4
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|7
|-
|2015
|33
|16
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|2
|41
|18
|-
|2016
|33
|16
|1
|0
|3
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|37
|18
|-
|2017
|22
|10
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|22
|10
|-
|2018
|14
|3
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!127
!54
!6
!0
!7
!4
!6
!2
!146
!60
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |FC Cincinnati
|2018
|USL Championship
|11
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|3
|-
|2019
|Egwuregwu bọọlụ nke Major League
|12
|1
|2
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!23
!4
!2
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!25
!5
|-
|Ndị Ọrụ Columbus
|2020
|Egwuregwu bọọlụ nke Major League
|12
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
|Minnesota United
|2021
|Egwuregwu bọọlụ nke Major League
|10
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|10
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!221
!74
!10
!2
!14
!7
!6
!2
!251
!85
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Osisi Portland'''

* MLS Cup: 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sbnation.com/soccer/2015/12/6/9858868/timbers-crew-2015-mls-cup-final-score-results|title=Goals, screw-ups, stats and more: Everything great from the MLS Cup Final|work=SBNation.com|accessdate=31 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Egwuregwu Western Conference (na playoffs): 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/timbers/index.ssf/2015/11/portland_timbers_fans_celebrat.html|title=Portland Timbers, fans celebrate Western Conference Championship|work=OregonLive.com|accessdate=31 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''FC Cincinnati'''

* Oge USL: 2018

'''Ndị Ọrụ Columbus'''

* MLS Cup: 2020

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Fanendo AdinaEgwuregwu bọọlụ nke Major League 
* Fanendo Adin'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
* Fanendo AdinaNjikọ bọọlụ mbụ nke Slovak  (n'asụsụ Slovak) 
* Fanendo AdinaX 
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Fanendo Adi''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1990) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-aga n'ihu.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Europe ===
Mgbe ọ hapụrụ AS Trencin, Adi gbara goolu na F.C. Copenhagen mbụ ya megide FC Vestsjælland na 25 Ọgọstụ, n'agbanyeghị na o nweghị ọrụ ya na ikike obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dr.dk/Sporten/Fodbold/Superliga/2013/08/28/0828161944.htm|title=FCK: Fanendo Adi er overrasket og forvirret|work=dr.dk|date=28 August 2013|accessdate=28 August 2013|archivedate=31 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831192415/http://www.dr.dk/Sporten/Fodbold/Superliga/2013/08/28/0828161944.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Osisi Portland ===
Na 13 Mee 2014, Adi sonyeere Portland Timbers nke Major League Soccer na mbinye ego yana nhọrọ ịzụta. O mere mpụta mbụ ya dị ka onye nọchiri anya Columbus Crew wee nweta enyemaka na egwuregwu ahụ, omume nke mere ka ọ malite n'egwuregwu na-esote.Na mmalite mmalite ya maka klọb ahụ, na 28 May 2014 megide Chivas USA, Adi meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ na nke abụọ maka ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ. Na 7 June ọ natara mmalite nke abụọ ya wee merie ihe mgbaru ọsọ abụọ na ọkara mbụ megide Real Salt Lake.

Ndị Portland Timbers bịanyere aka na Adi na June 23, 2014. Ọ ghọrọ onye ọkpụkpọ nke anọ nke ụlọ ọgbakọ a ga-ahazi. Ọ bụ onye kacha nye goolu na 2015 na 2016 nwere ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na asatọ. Na Eprel 8, 2017, mgbe ọ gbasịrị bọọlụ ntaramahụhụ megide Philadelphia Union, Adi ghọrọ onye na-agba bọọlụ oge niile Timbers, nwere ihe mgbaru ọsọ 46.

=== FC Cincinnati ===
[[Faịlụ:CINvNSH_2018-10-20_-_Fanendo_Adi,_Bradley_Bourgeois_(32620711637)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Adi (n'aka ekpe) dueling na Bradley Bourgeois nke Nashville SC na egwuregwu FC Cincinnati nke 2018]]
Adi malitere na egwuregwu atọ mbụ nke oge MLS nke FC Cincinnati. Otú ọ dị, n'egwuregwu nke atọ na 17 Machị (Cincinnati na-emeghe ụlọ megide Portland Timbers), ọ merụrụ ahụ mgbe ya na Larrys Mabiala zutere na ngwụcha ọkara mbụ, a chụpụrụ ya na ọkara oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Baer|first=Benjamin|title=Fanendo Adi exits FC Cincinnati home opener with injury|url=https://www.mlssoccer.com/post/2019/03/17/fanendo-adi-exits-fc-cincinnati-home-opener-injury|work=MLSsoccer.com|publisher=Major League Soccer|accessdate=5 April 2019|date=17 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọgidere n'elu bench na mmerụ ahụ n'ikpere aka ekpe n'egwuregwu abụọ sochirinụ.

N'ihe dị ka 3:45 nke ụtụtụ na 31 Machị 2019, ndị Ohio State Highway Patrol kwụsịrị Adi ma kwuo ya maka ịrụ ọrụ ụgbọ ala n'okpuru mmetụta nke mmanya (OVI), ịgba ọsọ, na enweghị akwụkwọ ikike ọkwọ ụgbọala ziri ezi. Dị ka ndị uwe ojii si kwuo, Adi na-akwọ ụgbọala 102 mph na mpaghara 65 mph, gosipụtara mmanya na-aba n'anya nke 0.124 na ule iku ume, ma nwee naanị akwụkwọ ikike ịkwọ ụgbọala Ukraine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brennan|first=Patrick|title=FC Cincinnati's Fanendo Adi cited for OVI, speeding faster than 100 MPH|url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/crime/2019/04/02/fc-cincinnati-player-fanendo-adi-cited-ovi-unavailable-team/3346097002/|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|publisher=Gannett Company|accessdate=5 April 2019|language=en|date=3 April 2019|archivedate=4 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404151608/https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/crime/2019/04/02/fc-cincinnati-player-fanendo-adi-cited-ovi-unavailable-team/3346097002/}}&lt;/ref&gt; FC Cincinnati kwụsịtụrụ Adi wee banye na mmemme MLS ' Substance Abuse and Behavioral Health.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Pfahler|first=Laurel|title=After Fanendo Adi's drunk driving citation, FC Cincinnati plot a way forward|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/904247/2019/04/03/fanendo-adi-drunk-driving-fc-cincinnati/|work=[[The Athletic]]|accessdate=5 April 2019|date=3 April 2019|archivedate=12 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112040501/https://theathletic.com/904247/2019/04/03/fanendo-adi-drunk-driving-fc-cincinnati/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

A tọhapụrụ Adi n'ọrụ na 24 Eprel wee malite iso ndị otu ahụ na-emega ahụ n'ụbọchị na-esote; Otú ọ dị, nkeji ya ka dị obere ka nkwonkwo ụkwụ ya ka na-agbake. Ọ pụtara nke mbụ ya kemgbe mmerụ ahụ na nkeji iri na otu ikpeazụ nke egwuregwu San Jose Earthquakes na 4 Mee. Ọ gbara nkeji iri abụọ na isii ọzọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya na egwuregwu abụọ sochirinụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Mee, Adi malitere na nke mbụ ya kemgbe ụbọchị iri na asaa n'ọnwarị wee gbaa nkeji iri itoolu zuru ezu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Pfahler|first=Laurel|title=Finally back in FCC lineup, Adi's ready to score some goals|url=https://www.wcpo.com/sports/fc-cincinnati/getting-back-into-fc-cincys-starting-lineup-has-been-a-long-process-for-fanendo-adi|work=WCPO|accessdate=13 June 2019|language=en|date=1 June 2019|archivedate=27 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727100927/https://www.wcpo.com/sports/fc-cincinnati/getting-back-into-fc-cincys-starting-lineup-has-been-a-long-process-for-fanendo-adi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adi gbara goolu mbụ ya n'afọ 2019 n'egwuregwu U.S. Open Cup megide Louisville City FC na 12 June.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brennan|first=Patrick|title=FC Cincinnati survives extra time, Louisville City FC in 2–1 Open Cup victory|url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/sports/soccer/fc-cincinnati/2019/06/12/live-updates-fc-cincinnati-louisville-city-fc-set-renew-dirty-river-derby/1438870001/|work=Cincinnati Enquirer|publisher=Gannett Company|accessdate=13 June 2019|language=en|date=12 June 2019|archivedate=16 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616054505/https://www.cincinnati.com/story/sports/soccer/fc-cincinnati/2019/06/12/live-updates-fc-cincinnati-louisville-city-fc-set-renew-dirty-river-derby/1438870001/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na oge MLS nke 2019 na July 13 megide Chicago Fire. O nyere FC Cincinnati ụzọ na mmeri, 2-1 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fccincinnati.com/post/2019/07/13/takeaways-chicago|title=Takeaways from Chicago|author=Hatch|first=Charlie|date=July 13, 2019|work=FC Cincinnati|accessdate=24 July 2019|archivedate=24 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724135722/https://www.fccincinnati.com/post/2019/07/13/takeaways-chicago}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe oge ọgba aghara gasịrị na Cincinnati, klọb ahụ hapụrụ Adi na 17 Jenụwarị 2020, tupu oge 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fccincinnati.com/post/2020/01/17/fc-cincy-place-adi-hague-waivers|title=FC Cincy place Adi, Hague on waivers|work=FC Cincinnati|accessdate=18 January 2020|archivedate=19 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119132722/https://www.fccincinnati.com/post/2020/01/17/fc-cincy-place-adi-hague-waivers}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndị Ọrụ Columbus ===
Na 27 Jenụwarị 2020, Columbus Crew SC kwupụtara na ọ na-azọrọ Adi na Major League Soccer Waiver List.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.columbuscrewsc.com/post/2020/01/27/columbus-crew-sc-selects-forward-fanendo-adi-mls-waiver-list|title=Columbus Crew SC selects forward Fanendo Adi off MLS waiver list|work=columbuscrewsc.com|date=January 27, 2020|accessdate=January 27, 2020|archivedate=27 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127220954/https://www.columbuscrewsc.com/post/2020/01/27/columbus-crew-sc-selects-forward-fanendo-adi-mls-waiver-list}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkwekọrịta Adi na Columbus gwụrụ mgbe oge 2020 gasịrị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.columbuscrewsc.com/post/2020/12/14/release-core-2020-mls-cup-winning-columbus-crew-sc-roster-return-2021|title=RELEASE &amp;#124; Core of 2020 MLS Cup-winning Columbus Crew SC roster to return in 2021|work=Columbus SC|date=2020-12-14|accessdate=14 December 2020|archivedate=14 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214164658/https://www.columbuscrewsc.com/post/2020/12/14/release-core-2020-mls-cup-winning-columbus-crew-sc-roster-return-2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Minnesota United ===

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A kpọrọ Adi na ndị otu U23 nke Naijiria ugboro abụọ n'afọ 2011. A kpọkwara ya ka ọ gaa n'òtù ndị isi Naịjirịa ka ọ lụso Ijipt ọgụ na 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier na Machị 2016 mana ọ gbaghị bọọlụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4078/exclusives/2016/03/03/20957632/delighted-fanendo-adi-ready-to-play-part-in-super-eagles|title=Delighted Fanendo Adi ready to play part in Super Eagles campaign|publisher=goal.com|date=3 March 2016|accessdate=12 July 2016|archivedate=8 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508111731/http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4078/exclusives/2016/03/03/20957632/delighted-fanendo-adi-ready-to-play-part-in-super-eagles?}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ịzụ ndị mmadụ ==
N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2023, a họpụtara Adi ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke otu Minnesota United Academy U-19 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MNUFC Academy Announces New Coaching and Technical Staff Additions|url=https://www.mnufc.com/news/mnufc-academy-announces-new-coaching-and-technical-staff-additions|work=MNUFC.com|accessdate=19 February 2023|archivedate=19 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219035847/https://www.mnufc.com/news/mnufc-academy-announces-new-coaching-and-technical-staff-additions}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 8 November 2021]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|id=179414}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Metalurh Donetsk
|2010–11
|Njikọ Premier nke Ukraine
|9
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|1
|-
|Dynamo Kyiv (onye e goro ego) 
|2011–12
|Njikọ Premier nke Ukraine
|3
|0
|1
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|1
|-
|Tavriya Simferopol
|2011–12
|Njikọ Premier nke Ukraine
|9
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |AS Trenčín
|2012–13
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Njikọ bọọlụ mbụ nke Slovak
|16
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|3
|-
|2013–14
|3
|7
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|7
|10
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!19
!10
!0
!0
!4
!3
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!23
!13
|-
|F.C. Copenhagen
|2013–14
|Superliga Danish
|9
|3
|1
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|3
|-
|Portland Timbers (nke a gbazinyere) 
|2014
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Egwuregwu bọọlụ nke Major League
|6
|4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|4
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Osisi Portland
|2014
|19
|5
|2
|0
|4
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|7
|-
|2015
|33
|16
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|2
|41
|18
|-
|2016
|33
|16
|1
|0
|3
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|37
|18
|-
|2017
|22
|10
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|22
|10
|-
|2018
|14
|3
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!127
!54
!6
!0
!7
!4
!6
!2
!146
!60
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |FC Cincinnati
|2018
|USL Championship
|11
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|3
|-
|2019
|Egwuregwu bọọlụ nke Major League
|12
|1
|2
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!23
!4
!2
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!25
!5
|-
|Ndị Ọrụ Columbus
|2020
|Egwuregwu bọọlụ nke Major League
|12
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
|Minnesota United
|2021
|Egwuregwu bọọlụ nke Major League
|10
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|10
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!221
!74
!10
!2
!14
!7
!6
!2
!251
!85
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Osisi Portland'''

* MLS Cup: 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sbnation.com/soccer/2015/12/6/9858868/timbers-crew-2015-mls-cup-final-score-results|title=Goals, screw-ups, stats and more: Everything great from the MLS Cup Final|work=SBNation.com|accessdate=31 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Egwuregwu Western Conference (na playoffs): 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/timbers/index.ssf/2015/11/portland_timbers_fans_celebrat.html|title=Portland Timbers, fans celebrate Western Conference Championship|work=OregonLive.com|accessdate=31 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''FC Cincinnati'''

* Oge USL: 2018

'''Ndị Ọrụ Columbus'''

* MLS Cup: 2020

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Fanendo AdinaEgwuregwu bọọlụ nke Major League 
* Fanendo Adin'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
* Fanendo AdinaNjikọ bọọlụ mbụ nke Slovak  (n'asụsụ Slovak) 
* Fanendo AdinaX 
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Echendu Adiele''' {{Audio|Ig-Echendu Adiele.ogg|Listen}} (17 Adiele gbara na Nigeria maka Sharks, na Germany maka Fortuna Düsseldorf, Borussia Neunkirchen, FC Saarbrücken&quot;&gt;1. FC Saarbrücken, SV Darmstadt 98 na SV Waldhof Mannheim.
== Ọrụ ==
Adiele gbara bọọlụ na Naịjirịa maka Sharks, na Germany maka Fortuna Düsseldorf, Borussia Neunkirchen, [[w:|1. FC Saarbrücken|FC Saarbrücken]]&quot;&gt;1.  FC Saarbrücken, SV Darmstadt 98 na SV Waldhof Mannheim.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fussballdaten.de/spieler/echenduadiele/|title=Echendu Adiele|language=German|publisher=fussballdaten.de|accessdate=22 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldfootball.net/spieler_profil/echendu-adiele/|title=Echendu Adiele|publisher=worldfootball.net|accessdate=22 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112233818/http://www.worldfootball.net/spieler_profil/echendu-adiele/|archivedate=12 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adiele nwụrụ n'ụra ya na 18 June 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/article.aspx?Id=421838|title=Former Shark, Adiele dies|first=Sammy|author=Wejinya|date=19 June 2011|publisher=Supersport|accessdate=22 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; O yiri ka o nwere nsí n'ahụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.sport1.de/de/fussball/newspage_420973.html|title=Giftanschlag auf Ex-Profi|language=German|publisher=sport1.de|date=21 June 2011|accessdate=1 September 2013|author=De|first=Sport1}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Reflist}}

* Echendu Adielenafussballdaten.de  (n'asụsụ German) 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adiele, Echendu}}</text>
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'''Chukwubuike Junior Adamu''' (amụrụ na 6 June 2001) bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ maka klọb Scottish Premiership Celtic na mgbazinye site na klọb German SC Freiburg . A mụrụ ya na Naijiria, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu egwuregwu mba Austria.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Adamu malitere ọrụ ya na otu ndị ntorobịa nke GSV Wacker. Na Jenụwarị 2014 ọ sonyeere Grazer AK. Na 2015, ọ sonyeere Red Bull Salzburg Academy, ebe ọ gara n'ihu site na U15 ruo U18.

Na Septemba 2017, a gụnyere ya na ndị otu FC Liefering na nke mbụ ya. N'otu ọnwa ahụ, ọ malitekwara maka Red Bull Salzburg's UEFA Youth League team, na-abịa maka Nicolas Meister na egwuregwu megide Bordeaux.

O mere egwuregwu izizi ya maka FC Liefering megide WSG Wattens na Nọvemba 2018 ka ọ bịara maka Karim Adeyemi. N'ọnwa Septemba 2020, o mere nke mbụ ya maka Red Bull Salzburg na egwuregwu Austrian Cup megide SW Bregen, na-abịa na nkeji nke 75 maka Masaya Okugawa.

Adamu gbatara goolu mbụ ya maka Red Bull Salzburg na ọkpụ 1–0 meriri Admira na 14 Ọgọst 2021. Goolu ahụ nyere Salzburg mmeri n'okporo ụzọ ha nke ise n'usoro, nke kacha ogologo n'ime afọ iri. Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, ọ pụtara na mbụ ya na UEFA Champions League, na-abịa dị ka onye nnọchi na 2-1 mmeri n'ụlọ megide Danish Superliga Championship Brøndby na ụkwụ mbụ nke agba ha. Na 16 February 2022, Adamu gbara goolu mbụ ya na UEFA Champions League na 1-1 n'ụlọ ha megide ndị mmeri Bundesliga Bayern Munich na ụkwụ mbụ nke agba 16 ka ọ bịarutere dị ka onye nọchiri anya Noa Okafor.

Na 22 June 2023, otu German Bundesliga SC Freiburg kwupụtara mbinye aka nke Adamu na nkwekọrịta a na-akọwaghị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.scfreiburg.com/aktuell/nachrichten/profis/20222023/junior-adamu-kommt-zum-sc/|title=Herzlich willkommen, Junior!|publisher=SC Freiburg|language=de|date=22 June 2023|accessdate=22 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2 February 2026, Adamu sonyeere Celtic na mbinye ego ruo na njedebe nke oge, na klọb nwere nhọrọ ime ka mbufe na-adịgide adịgide. Ọ mere mpụta mbụ ya na 7 February 2026, na-abịa dị ka onye nọchiri anya na asọmpi Scottish Cup megide Dundee, gbara bọọlụ na nkeji 97th iji were egwuregwu ahụ ruo oge mgbakwunye, nke Celtic mechara merie 2-1. 

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A mụrụ ya na Naijiria, Adamu na-anọchite anya Austria na mba ụwa ma na-egwuri egwu maka otu Austria U18, Austria U19, na Austria U21.

Ọ pụtara nke mbụ ya n'òtù ndị isi mba Austria na 12 Nọvemba 2021 na egwuregwu World Cup qualifier megide Israel. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=[[FIFA]]|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/worldcup/qatar2022/qualifiers/uefa/match-center/400155664|title=Austria v Israel game report|date=12 November 2021|accessdate=17 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:UEFA_Euro_2023_Qualifiers_Austria_vs._Finland_(2022-06-03)_01.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Adamu na-egwuri egwu maka Austria U21 na 2022]]
{{Clear}}

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:emelitere|egwuregwu a gbara na 15 Febụwarị 2026]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |FC Liefering
|2018–19
|2. Njikọ
|16
|5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|5
|-
|2019–20
|2. Njikọ
|20
|14
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|20
|14
|-
|2020–21
|2. Njikọ
|13
|7
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!49
!26
!0
!0
!0
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!49
!26
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Red Bull Salzburg
|2020–21
|Bundesliga nke Austria
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|2021–22
|Bundesliga nke Austria
|30
|7
|4
|1
|9[b]
|1
|0
|0
|43
|9
|-
|2022–23
|Bundesliga nke Austria
|28
|10
|4
|3
|8[c]
|1
|0
|0
|40
|14
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!58
!17
!9
!4
!17
!2
!0
!0
!84
!23
|-
|St. Gallen (onye e ji ego mgbazinye) 
|2020–21
|Njikọ Super Switzerland
|14
|6
|4
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|8
|-
|SC Freiburg nke Abụọ
|2023–24
|3. Njikọ
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |SC Freiburg
|2023–24
|Bundesliga
|15
|0
|1
|0
|6[d]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|1
|-
|2024–25
|Bundesliga
|25
|2
|2
|2
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|27
|4
|-
|2025–26
|Bundesliga
|9
|1
|1
|0
|7[d]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|17
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!49
!3
!4
!2
!13
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!66
!7
|-
|Ndị Celt (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2025–26
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|2
|0
|1
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!174
!52
!18
!9
!30
!4
!0
!0
!222
!65
|}
{{notelist}}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:emelitere | egwuregwu a gbara na 14 Nọvemba 2024]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Austria
|2021
|1
|0
|-
|2022
|2
|0
|-
|2023
|3
|0
|-
|2024
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!9
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* Austrian Bundesliga: 2021-22, 2022-232022–23
* Iko mba Austria: 2021-222021–22

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Junior AdamunaÖFB  (n'asụsụ German) 
* player&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:ÖFB_player&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;1&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1245957&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents=&quot;true&quot; href=&quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.oefb.at/Spieler/1245957&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot; id=&quot;mwAic&quot; rel=&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt;Junior Adamu na ÖFB  (otu mba) 
* Junior AdamunaInstagram 
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>8myjh4j7uvb3lhxvlnpxud52o9itjet</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Yakubu Adamu</title>
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'''Yakubu Adamu''' (A mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke anọ nke October 1981) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agbachitere. Ọ gbara bọọlụ otu oge na Bundesliga na FC St. Pauli.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>o82prlpy0g6xkn5ug3dr90du1yx3mp3</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Adebayo Adigun</title>
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'''Adebayo Adigun''' {{Audio|Adebayo_Adigun.wav|listen}} (amụrụ na 15 Nọvemba 1990) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu onye na-agba [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]].

Adigun bidoro ọrụ ya na Shooting Stars F.C. wee bịanye aka na 6 Disemba 2009 nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na ụlọ ọgbakọ J1 League Kashiwa Reysol. [1] Adebayo Adigun lara ezumike nká na football na 2017.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke onye bụbu onye mba ụwa bụ Bunmi Adigun . 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adigun, Adebayo}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>dn24opqcypdyecoxwhr0f9zx2vjkpuz</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Raymond Adeola</title>
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    <id>75302</id>
    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
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'''Raymond Olamilekan Adeola''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Raymond Adeola.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 12 Mee 2001) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa na-agba dịka onye mgbachitere Serikspor.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

* Raymond Adeolan'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>7eqe65hr77twxajac8r59cl4ha1t1sp</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ayo Adejubu</title>
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'''Ayo Adejubu''' (amụrụ na 16 June 2003) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Nigerian Professional Football League Shooting Stars .

== Ọrụ ịgba egwu ==
Dị ka nwatakịrị, Adejubu ga-apụ na nzuzo iji kirie ndị otu kachasị amasị ya, Sunshine Stars, na-eduzi oge ọzụzụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;dreams&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/01/29/npfl-young-adejubu-living-out-his-dreams-at-sunshine-stars/|title=NPFL: Young Adejubu Living out His Dreams at Sunshine Stars|date=21 January 2021|accessdate=28 December 2022|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adejubu buru ụzọ kpọọ otu ndị ntorobịa Sunshine Stars, ngalaba nke atọ nke Akure City, tupu ebuli ya na ngalaba nke mbụ nke Nigerian Professional Football League (NPFL) na Jenụwarị 2019. O mere mpụta mbụ ọkachamara ya na 11 February, na-abịa maka Chibundu Amah na mmeri ụlọ 2–0 meriri Katsina United. Ọ 'na-enwu na mpụta mbụ ya' na otu egwuregwu, wee nweta nlebara anya ọzọ maka arụmọrụ ya na 2019 NPFL/La Liga U15 Promises Tournament.Mgbe oge abụọ gachara, o guzobe onwe ya dị ka akụkụ nke ndị otu mbụ na oge 2020 – 21 NPFL.

Na ngwụcha 2021, Adejubu bịanyere aka na Shooting Stars.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://oyoaffairs.net/npfl-2021-2022-3sc-plays-out-1-1-draw-with-akwa-utd-on-match-day-2/|title=NPFL 2021/2022: 3SC Plays Out 1-1 Draw with Akwa Utd on Match Day 2|work=Oyo Affairs|date=26 December 2021|accessdate=21 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2022, ọ nwalere ya na Djurgårdens IF U21 na Sweden.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.mozzartsport.co.ke/football/news/frank-odhiambo-in-match-day-squad-for-djurgadens-if-u21-side/17677|title=Frank Odhiambo in match day squad for Djurgadens IF U21 side|work=mozzartsport.co.ke|first=Murimi|author=Njiru|date=13 June 2022|accessdate=28 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adejubu bịanyere aka na Kwara United tupu Oge NPFL 2023-24. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ilorin.info/fullnews.php?id=33278|title=NPFL 2023/24 : Kumbi Charges Kwara United Players Ahead Of 2023/2024 Season|work=ilorin.info|date=2 September 2023|accessdate=21 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Ayo Adejubun'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ  (Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ ezie naIhe ndekọ) 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adejubu, Ayo}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Razaq Adegbite</title>
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      <text bytes="3149" sha1="lklferlk44x6j8dzrdobyi8p1wu8khx" xml:space="preserve">'''Razaq Akanni Adegbite''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Abike25-Razaq Akanni Adegbite.wav|listen}} (amụrụ na 20 Disemba 1992) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Adegbite Razaq malitere egwuregwu bọọlụ ya na ndị ntorobịa Karamon wee sonye Gateway United, tupu ọ banye Enugu Rangers. Razaq nwere nwanne nwoke na-agba bọọlụ ọkachamara na Nigeria Professional League mara dị ka Adegbite Alhameen Adeniyi , onye jikwa Karamon malite ọrụ bọọlụ ntorobịa ya.

N'afọ 2012, Enyimba International bịakwutere Enugu Rangers, mana Adegbite kpebiri isonyere Enyimba International, Jomo Cosmos (ikike ọrụ kwụsịtụrụ) wee kwụsị nkwekọrịta ya na Kahramanspor n'ihi enweghị nnabata na nkwekọrịta mbufe wee laghachi na Nigeria ịgbatị nkwekọrịta ya na Enugu Rangers. Ọ gara n'ihu ịbanye na Kano Pillars nkwekọrịta na 2016 na 2017. O sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ Cypriot Doğan Türk Birliği na 2017.

N'afọ 2018, ọ bịanyere aka na Primeiro de Agosto na n'afọ 2018-19, a gbazinyere ya Desportivo da Huíla na Premier League nke Angola, Girabola . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://jornaldosdesportos.sapo.ao/23/0/razaq_e_nandinho_em_dvidas|title=Razaq e Nandinho em dúvidas|date=24 Nov 2018|accessdate=22 Dec 2018|work=jornaldosdesportos.sapo.ao|language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Razaq sonyeere Desportivo da Huíla na mgbazinye ego na 2019.  N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2019, ọ sonyeere klọb Tunisia US Tataouine  mana ọ hapụrụ klọb ahụ ọnwa ole na ole ka e mesịrị wee laghachi Naịjirịa iji sonye na Sunshine Stars.  N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2020, ọ laghachiri na klọb Turkish Cypriot Doğan Türk Birliği .

N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2020, a mara ọkwa na Razaq sonyeere otu egwuregwu Premier League nke Hong Kong bụ Happy Valley . 

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Razaq enwetala ihe ngosi isii, na-agba goolu atọ maka Nigeria U-17. Rasaq enwetala ihe ngosi asaa, na-agba goolu anọ maka Nigeria U-20. N'afọ 2014, [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa]] kpọrọ onye na-agba ọsọ ahụ n'egwuregwu enyi na enyi nke mba ụwa.

== CAF Champions League ==
Ọ pụtara maka Enugu Rangers International FC na 2012-13 CAF Champions League na [[Abá|Enyimba]] na 2013-14 n'otu n'otu. A gbanwere ya na [[Enyimba International F.C.]] mgbe Enyimba chọrọ ya nke ukwuu ma jiri [[w:|Ifeanyi Ede]] dochie ya [[Rangers International F.C.|Ndị Enugu Rangers]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kpaka2score.com/2012/04/enugu-rangers-enyimba-swap-strikers.html|title=kpaka2score.com|author=Uche George Egbe|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602015642/http://www.kpaka2score.com/2012/04/enugu-rangers-enyimba-swap-strikers.html|archivedate=2015-06-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
 

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20241202180916/https://savidnews.com/returning-razaq-adegbite-trains-with-enugu-rangers/ Razaq Adegbite laghachiri - Akụkọ Savid]
* Razaq Adegbiten'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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 '''Vincent Enyeama''' MON ({{Audio|Ig-Vincent Enyeama.ogg|pronunciation}}; amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1982) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu. A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-edebe goolu kachasị ukwuu n'Afrịka n'oge niile.

N'ime ọrụ ya, nke ruru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 20, Enyeama gbara egwu maka Ibom Stars, Enyimba, Iwuanyanwu Nationale, Bnei Yehuda, Hapoel Tel Aviv, Lille na Maccabi Tel Aviv. Ọ bụkwa onye otu egwuregwu mba Naijiria site na 2002 ruo Ọktoba 2015, na-eje ozi dịka onyeisi ha site na Nọvemba 2013 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká n'egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụwa n'afọ 2015. N'ịbụ onye ọ gbara bọọlụ 101, ọ bụ onye kacha agba bọọlụ na Naịjirịa ruo Nọvemba 2021 mgbe Ahmed Musa karịrị ya.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Enyimba ===
N'oge ọ nọ na [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]], ọ meriri CAF Champions League ugboro abụọ, na otu ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama: A na-anọchi ya mgbe niile tupu ọgụ penalty. &quot;Amaghị m ihe mere e ji dochie m tupu ntaramahụhụ, mana ọ rụrụ ọrụ, &quot;ka o kwuru n'ajụjụ ọnụ n'afọ 2006. &quot;N'Izrel, m kwụsịrị ọtụtụ ntaramahụhụ ma ugbu a onye ọ bụla maara na m nwere ike ijikwa ntaramahụjụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Afrofootball - Nigeria - Vincent Enyeama|url=http://www.afrofootball.com/countrypage/nigeria-vincent-enyeama.html?p=7|work=www.afrofootball.com|accessdate=28 May 2020|archivedate=18 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418065153/http://www.afrofootball.com/countrypage/nigeria-vincent-enyeama.html?p=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bnei Yehuda ===
Ka ya na Enyimba International gachara oge atọ na otu ya na Iwuanyanwu Nationale (nke a na-akpọ Heartland ugbu a), Enyeama kwagara n'ụlọ ọgbakọ Israel Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv. N'ime oge mbụ ya, ndị otu ahụ ruru eru maka ikpeazụ nke Israel State Cup na, mgbe ha gụchara nke anọ na Njikọ Njikọ nke Israel, maka 2006 UEFA Cup.

=== Hapoel Tel Aviv ===
Enyeama bịanyere aka na Hapoel Tel Aviv na 2007. Hapoel tachiri obi n'oge ọjọọ na 2007/2008, mana Enyeama nyeere ndị otu ahụ aka izere relegation ma ruo na ngwụcha iko steeti.

During the 2008–09 season, Enyeama became Hapoel's penalty kicker, won the &quot;Player of The Year&quot; award, and just missed out on leading Hapoel to the league title. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template &quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2018)&quot;&gt;clarification needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Na 2009–10, Hapoel meriri otu egwuregwu na iko okpukpu abụọ, yana Enyeama gosipụtara nke ọma. O meriri otu goolu na iko ikpeazụ mana ọ tụfuru penariti na egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke afọ, nke Hapoel mechara jiri ihe mgbaru ọsọ nkeji iri itoolu na abụọ merie, wee weghara aha asọmpi ahụ.

N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2010, ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya n'afọ 2010-11 site na penalty megide Red Bull Salzburg na Champions League qualifiers.

Enyeama gbara nke ọma na Champions League Group Stage, ọkachasị megide Lyon na Schalke 04. Hapoel merikwara iko Israel ọzọ.

=== Lille ===
Na June 2011, Enyeama kwagara n'akụkụ French Lille maka ego a na-akọwaghị na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ. O mere nke mbụ ya na 18 Ọktoba 2011 megide Inter Milan na 2012 UEFA Champions League otu, ebe Inter nwere mmeri 1-0.

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Enyeama kwetara na ya na Maccabi Tel Aviv ga-agbazinye ego otu afọ ma onye isi egwuregwu Maccabi bụ Jordi Cruyff gosiri ya ndị mgbasa ozi n'ụbọchị asatọ n'ọnwa Nọgọst n'afọ 2012. Ọ pụtara na egwuregwu iri abụọ na asaa nke Israel Premier League ma Maccabi gara n'ihu merie n'asọmpi ahụ.

N'oge 2013-14 Ligue 1 oge, onye njikwa klọb René Girard họọrọ Enyeama dị ka onye na-edebe goolu mbụ ya n'ihu Steeve Elana, onye bụbu onye na-elekọta goolu mbụ n'okpuru Rudi Garcia. Site n'enyemaka nke ndị na-agbachitere ya abụọ, Marko Baša na Simon Kjær, Enyeama debere mpempe akwụkwọ 11 dị ọcha n'usoro na egwuregwu Ligue 1 n'oge ọkara mbụ nke oge ahụ. N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2013, Enyeama mechara nye goolu mgbe ọ gbasịrị nkeji 1,062 nke egwuregwu Ligue 1 na egwuregwu na Bordeaux, n'oge ahụ Landry N'Guémo meriri ya na nkeji nke iri abụọ na asaa. N'ihi ya, ọ bịara n'ime nkeji 114 nke ịha nhata nke Gaëtan Huard's Ligue 1 goalkeeeping record, setịpụrụ na 1993, nke igwu egwu 1,176 nkeji n'enyeghị goolu.

N'afọ 2017-18, Enyeama emeghị egwuregwu league ebe a hapụrụ ya n'ime ndị otu mbụ n'ihi &quot;enweghị nkwekọrịta n'etiti onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ na ndị njikwa klọb ahụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Lille coach explains exactly why Vincent Enyeama has been axed|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/lille-coach-explains-exactly-why-enyeama-has-been-axed/6vnqnk3jqhqg17yi0dtxl8pae|accessdate=18 August 2018|work=Goal|date=24 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ sonyeere ndị otu mbụ na ọzụzụ tupu oge ezumike na July 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Vincent Enyeama drops hint on LOSC Lille future|url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/nigeria/story/3561367/vincent-enyeama-drops-hint-on-losc-lille-future|accessdate=18 August 2018|work=Kwesé ESPN|date=10 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tọhapụrụ ya site na nkwekọrịta ha abụọ na 31 Ọgọst 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45374552|title=Vincent Enyeama: Lille release goalkeeper by mutual consent|date=31 August 2018|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=29 July 2019|archivedate=3 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803011413/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45374552}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2019 o kwuru na ọ chọsiri ike igwu egwu ọzọ,  na Julaị afọ 2019 ọ gara ikpe na klọb Dijon nke France. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46836788|title=Vincent Enyeama: Nigeria keeper wants to play again|date=11 January 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=29 July 2019|archivedate=3 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803011428/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46836788}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49125718|title=Nigerian Vincent Enyeama aims to return after two years out|date=26 July 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=29 July 2019|archivedate=28 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728090856/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49125718}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'agbanyeghị na Dijon enyeghị ya nkwekọrịta, o gosipụtara ekele maka klọb ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49180545|title=Vincent Enyeama: Former Nigeria goalkeeper 'grateful' for Dijon chance|date=31 July 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=1 August 2019|archivedate=1 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801083821/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49180545}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na na mbido oge 2019-20 Enyeama kwuru na ọ na-atụ anya ịchọta klọb ọhụrụ ma gaa n'ihu na-egwu egwu, o mechara laa ezumike nká mgbe njedebe nke mkpọsa ahụ gasịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/former-nigeria-goalkeeper-enyeama-reveals-retirement-plan/13n8w4urctimk17imvhcd3vrqu|title=Former Nigeria goalkeeper Enyeama reveals retirement plan after 20-year career|work=Goal|date=1 November 2019|accessdate=15 March 2021|archivedate=26 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726114946/https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/former-nigeria-goalkeeper-enyeama-reveals-retirement-plan/13n8w4urctimk17imvhcd3vrqu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
'''Naịjirịa'''

Na 2006 Africa Cup of Nations, Enyeama kwụsịrị ịgba ụkwụ atọ na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ megide Tunisia mana ọ pụghị igbochi Ivory Coast ịla n'iyi na ọkara ikpeazụ. Na asọmpi nke afọ 2010, ọ bụ onye dike na-agba égbè nke Naijiria ọzọ na nkeji iri na ise nke ikpeazụ, na-azọpụta Thomas Nyrienda nke Zambia ma na-agbapụ mmeri n'onwe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/8477701.stm|title=Zambia 0–0 Nigeria (Nigeria win 5–4 on penalties)|author=Dave Lee|date=25 January 2010|accessdate=26 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enyeama mere nke abụọ ya na FIFA World Cup na asọmpi 2010 na South Africa. A kpọrọ ya nwoke nke egwuregwu na egwuregwu mbụ nke Naijiria nke asọmpi ahụ, ngosipụta nnupụisi nke gbochiri Argentina mmeri 1-0. Enyeama, onye na-egwu egwuregwu mba ụwa nke 56 ya maka Super Eagles, mere ezigbo nchekwa isii megide ndị mmeri ụwa ugboro abụọ, anọ n'ime ha sitere na [[Lionel Messi]]. Onye nkuzi Argentina Diego Maradona toro ya dịka ihe mere Messi ji ghara ịgba goolu. Enyeama nwetakwara onye nke egwuregwu ahụ na egwuregwu ọzọ nke otu ahụ, mmeri 2-1 na Gris mana ọ bụ ụta maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmeri Vasilis Torosidis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_19/default.stm|title=Greece 2-1 Nigeria|work=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=12 June 2021|archivedate=17 June 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617033031/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_19/default.stm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, Enyeama nọchitere anya onye isi oche Josef Yobo, onye nọrọ n'elu oche maka ọtụtụ n'ime asọmpi ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Vincent Enyeama|accessdate=21 June 2014|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=189300/profile-detail.html|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri n'ọnwa Febụwarị, Enyeama duuru Naijiria gaa na mmeri nke atọ ya na kọntinent, na-edebe akwụkwọ dị ọcha na mmeri 1-0 nke Burkina Faso na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations Final. A kpọrọ aha ya na otu nke asọmpi ahụ dị ka onye na-edebe goolu mbụ, na-enyefe naanị goolu anọ na egwuregwu isii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/32774/2013-africa-cup-of-nations-team-of-the-tournament|title=2013 Afcon Team of the Tournament|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=21 June 2014|work=[[Kick Off (magazine)|Kick Off]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2014, a kpọrọ Enyeama aha na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka 2014 FIFA World Cup. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=21 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'egwuregwu mbụ nke Super Eagles, ọ nọgidere na-eme FIFA World Cup nke abụọ n'ọrụ ya ka Naịjirịa meriri Iran 0-0.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|accessdate=22 June 2014|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285113|title=Iran 0-0 Nigeria|date=16 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara dekọọ nke abụọ n'usoro na egwuregwu megide Bosnia na Herzegovina, mmeri 1-0 nke nyere Naịjirịa mmeri mbụ ya na asọmpi ahụ kemgbe Mbipụta 1998.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|accessdate=22 June 2014|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285235|title=Nigeria 1-0 Bosnia-Herce|date=22 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nyere goolu atọ n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke agba nke mbụ megide Argentina, egwuregwu nke mechiri na mmeri 3-2 maka Naịjirịa, na-etinye ha nke abụọ n'òtù ahụ ma si otú a mee ka ha ruo eru maka agba nke abụọ maka oge mbụ n'ime afọ 16.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria 2-3 Argentina|author=Saj Chowdhury|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285406|date=25 June 2014|accessdate=1 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2015, Enyeama meriri Naịjirịa nke 100 ya na mmeri 1-0 nke Uganda. Ọ lara ezumike nká na bọọlụ mba ụwa na 8 Ọktoba 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/32070581|title=Uganda spoil Enyeama's 100th cap for Nigeria|date=26 March 2015|work=BBC|accessdate=13 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Profaịlụ onye ọkpụkpọ ==

=== Ụdị egwuregwu ===
Onye na-eme egwuregwu na onye na-edebe goolu, a maara Enyeama karịsịa maka ezigbo mmeghachi omume ya na ikike ịgba égbè, nke mere ka o nwee ike ịmepụta ihe dị egwu, ma mee ka ọ dị irè na ikuku, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị ogologo maka onye na-eche goolu, na-eguzo na 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in). A makwaara ya maka ọsọ ya mgbe ọ na-agba ọsọ na akara ya, nke mere ka ọ sie ike n'ọnọdụ otu onye. Otú ọ dị, ọ maghị nke ọma n'ịgwọ obe, nke mere ka ndị ọkà mmụta nyochaa njikwa ya na ikike ịchịkwa mpaghara ya. Na mgbakwunye na ikike ya idebe goolu, ọ pụtakwara maka àgwà idu ndú ya n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ, yana ikike ya ịhazi nchekwa ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Adversity molded Enyeama&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Adversity molded Enyeama into leader|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37396019/adversity-molded-enyeama-leader|publisher=ESPN.com|accessdate=14 July 2025|language=en|date=16 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Profile: Vincent Enyeama|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/29851262|accessdate=14 July 2025|work=BBC Sport|date=10 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Doyle|first=Paul|title=Nigeria’s keeper Vincent Enyeama may need to lead from back against Bosnia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2014/jun/20/nigeria-keeper-vincent-enyeama-bosnia-rearguard-super-eagles-world-cup|accessdate=14 July 2025|work=The Guardian|date=20 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe Nketa ===
A na-ewere Enyeama dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-edebe goolu kachasị ukwuu n'Africa n'oge niile &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Rachini|first=Mouhamad|title=The 50: Top 10 African goalkeepers of all time.|url=https://btsgoalies.com/2020/04/19/top-10-african-goalkeepers/|accessdate=27 June 2025|work=Between the Sticks|date=19 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; na otu n'etiti ndị na-eche goolu kachasị mma n'oge ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Match of the Day Africa: Top 10 {{!}} Who is the greatest African goalkeeper?|url=https://www.bbc.com/audio/play/p0g8sgr3|accessdate=27 June 2025|work=BBC Audio|date=28 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Pitts|first=Johny|title=The Top Ten Black Goalkeepers of All Time – Afropean: your guide to the Afro European diaspora and beyond|url=https://afropean.com/the-top-ten-black-goalkeepers-of-all-time/|accessdate=27 June 2025|work=Afropean|date=2 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2023, IFFHS họpụtara ya dị ka onye na-edebe goolu kachasị ukwuu n'Afrịka n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Vincent Enyeama ranked Africa's greatest goalkeeper|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/vincent-enyeama-ranked-africas-greatest-goalkeeper/|accessdate=27 June 2025|date=13 March 2023|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ewerekwa ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-edebe goolu kachasị mma na Ligue 1 n'oge ọ kachasị mma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dove|first=Ed|title=Power Ranking the Top 5 French Ligue 1 Goalkeepers|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1752642-power-ranking-the-top-5-french-ligue-1-goalkeepers|publisher=bleacherreport.com|accessdate=14 July 2025|language=en|date=3 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Enyeama is a [[Efefe Kraịst|Christian]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria v Ethiopia: We can win World Cup - Victor Enyeama|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/24980992|publisher=BBC Sport|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=17 November 2013|accessdate=30 June 2014|archivedate=30 June 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630145514/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/24980992}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is married and a father of three. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

N'afọ 2004, o nwere ihe mberede ụgbọ ala na [[Uyo]], Akwa Ibom State n'ebe ndịda Naịjirịa, ebe ndị njem ọgba tum tum abụọ nwụrụ. Onye ọkwọ ụgbọala nke Enyeama nọ na ya hapụrụ n'ọnọdụ dị egwu. N'agbanyeghị oke ihe mberede ahụ, Enyeama nwere mmerụ ahụ naanị mgbe ụgbọ ala ahụ wụpụrụ ugboro abụọ ka ọ na-agbagharị iji zere ọgba tum tum.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/3755782.stm|title=Enyeama escapes fatal crash|date=19 October 2004|accessdate=17 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nwa ya nwoke Godswill Enyeama bịanyere aka na Lille academy na 2024. Obe na-edebe goolu     in), ọ tolitere na France ebe nna ya kwagara na 2011. Godswill bu ụzọ gbaa bọọlụ maka klọb amateur Croix nke dị n'Ógbè Lille ruo afọ asatọ tupu ọ banye na klọb ọkachamara mbụ nke nna ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|language=fr|url=https://allezlille-stats.fr/formation-le-fils-de-vincent-enyeama-rejoint-le-centre-de-formation-du-losc|title=[FORMATION] Le fils de Vincent Enyeama rejoint le centre de formation du LOSC|date=25 July 2024|work=Allez Lille|accessdate=3 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;span ime=&quot;&quot; span=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&quot;:&quot;templatestyles&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;Fraction/styles.css&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;extsrc&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;height&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Height&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;m&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;1.94&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;mwAQo&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Transclusion&quot;&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Enyimba'''

* Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria: 2001, 2002, 2003
* CAF Champions League: 2003, 2004

* Israel Premier League: 2009-102009–10
* Iko Mba Israel: 2009-10, 2010-112010–11

'''Maccabi Tel-Aviv'''

* Israel Premier League: 2012-132012–13

After making his debut for the [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria national team]] against Kenya in May 2002,&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Vincent Enyeama|accessdate=21 June 2014|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=189300/profile-detail.html|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enyeama was selected for the 2002 FIFA World Cup as a cover for Ike Shorunmu. He made his competitive debut in that tournament, keeping a clean sheet against England in the third group match. After the retirement of Shorunmu, he became the first-choice goalkeeper for the national team, helping the Super Eagles to third place finishes in the 2004, 2006, 2010 Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, and captaining the team to victory of in the 2013 edition. He has also participated in the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, and the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot; /&gt;

* Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* Onye egwuregwu nke CAF Champions League nke Afọ: 2003, 2004
* Onye na-agba bọọlụ nke Afọ na Israel: 2009
* UNFP Player of the Month: October 2013, November 2013&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tropheesunfp.com/palmares/|title=Palmarès|accessdate=12 June 2021|archivedate=25 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525171309/https://www.tropheesunfp.com/palmares/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe nrite Marc-Vivien Foé: 2013-14&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kalfa|first=David|date=12 May 2014|title=Les dessous du Prix Marc-Vivien Foé 2014|language=French|publisher=Radio France Internationale|url=http://afriquefoot.rfi.fr/20140509-dessous-prix-marc-vivien-foe-2014-vincent-enyeama/|accessdate=18 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Africa Cup of Nations Team nke asọmpi ahụ: 2004,  2013 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=AFCON 2004: CAF Team of the Tournament|url=http://www1.rfi.fr/fichiers/sports/Can2004/breve332.asp|accessdate=2021-03-15|work=www1.rfi.fr|archivedate=4 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304012604/http://www1.rfi.fr/fichiers/sports/Can2004/breve332.asp}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Orange CAF Africa Cup of Nations Awards|url=http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213062408/http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archivedate=13 February 2013|accessdate=10 February 2013|publisher=Orange Africa Cup of Nations South Africa 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Goalkeeper nke afọ Nigeria Pitch Awards: 2013, 2014
* Eze nke pitch Nigeria Pitch Awards: 2014
* Goal Nigeria Player of the Year: 2014
* IFFHS CAF Men's Team of the Decade 2011-2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=28 January 2021|title=IFFHS (International Federation of Football for History &amp; Statistics|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/926|accessdate=31 January 2021|work=IFFHS|archivedate=12 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612130142/https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/926}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* IFFHS 2023 Machị: Onye na-edebe goolu kachasị ukwuu n'Afrịka n'oge niile. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Agberebi|first=James|date=2023-03-13|title=Enyeama Named Greatest African Goalkeeper Of All Time|url=https://www.completesports.com/enyeama-named-greatest-african-goalkeeper-of-all-time/|accessdate=2023-03-13|work=[[Complete Sports]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Hụkwa ==
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* Ndepụta nke ndị na-agba bọọlụ ụmụ nwoke nwere 100 ma ọ bụ karịa mba ụwa

== Edensibia ==
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* Vincent Enyeamana National-Football-Teams.com
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:All articles with unsourced statements]]
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      <sha1>d2airp3hz4w0rh0s8awiz4a2t1bpldc</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Léo Wanner</title>
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      <text bytes="13099" sha1="bh0stiqmhjcingbn6hxs3r5zbi6133n" xml:space="preserve"> {{Reflist|}}'''Léo Wanner''', née Léonie Joséphine Berger (5 Jenụwarị 1886 - 5 Nọvemba 1941), bụ onye Kọmunist nke France, onye na-emegide ndị Fascist, na onye na-egbochi ndị eze ukwu na onye nta akụkọ. Wanner duziri nkewa French nke League Against Imperialism na Colonial Oppression ma megide ndị ọchịchị [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], na [[Morocco]] site na ọrụ ya na akụkọ.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Léo Wanner na 1886 na Bourg-en-Bresse; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Acte de naissance à Bourg-en-Bresse en 1886 : n° 9|url=https://www.archives.ain.fr/ark:/22231/vtaefd52194f7b389b0/img:FRAD001_EC_BOURG-EN-BRESSE_1886-1886_N_006|date=5 January 1886|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; nne na nna ya abụọ bụ ndị na-elekọta ubi. &lt;ref name=&quot;maitron&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=WANNER Léo née BERGER Léonie|url=https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|first=Georges|author=Oved|work=maitron.fr|date=30 November 2010|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007014815/https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|archivedate=7 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya na Jean Faudrin biri na ịgba alụkwaghịm, ma mesịa lụọ onye injinia aha ya bụ Arthur Wanner.&lt;ref name=&quot;death&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Acte de décès à Paris 5e : n° 1487|date=5 November 1941|language=fr|url=https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/etat-civil-de-paris/etat-civil-a-partir-de-1860/consulter-les-actes-detat-civil?arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--ficheFocus=&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=05&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--from=1300&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--resultSize=100&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--contenuIds%5B%5D=10873331&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--modeRestit=arko_default_64ca1b2347e81#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5/arko_fiche_6703cf987a333/arko_default_64ca1b1754490/image/289789|accessdate=22 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léo Wanner na di ya nke abụọ nwere mmekọrịta hà nhata, nke na-adịghị ahụkebe n'oge ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Léo Wanner : une Française des années 1920 et 1930 bien dérangeante|pages=60–63|journal=Matériaux pour l'histoire de notre temps|url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-materiaux-pour-l-histoire-de-notre-temps-2018-3-page-60|volume=129–130|doi=10.3917/mate.129.0060|accessdate=5 April 2026|date=2018|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na July 1925, Wanner sonyeere ngalaba French nke Workers' International (SFIO).&lt;ref name=&quot;maitron&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=WANNER Léo née BERGER Léonie|url=https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|first=Georges|author=Oved|work=maitron.fr|date=30 November 2010|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007014815/https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|archivedate=7 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Léo Wanner : une Française des années 1920 et 1930 bien dérangeante|pages=60–63|journal=Matériaux pour l'histoire de notre temps|url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-materiaux-pour-l-histoire-de-notre-temps-2018-3-page-60|volume=129–130|doi=10.3917/mate.129.0060|accessdate=5 April 2026|date=2018|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sonyere na ngagharị iwe ụmụ nwanyị na [[Lyon]], mana ndị otu ibe ya, bụ ndị o kwenyere na ha bụ ndị ọgaranya ma ghara ịdị n'otu na ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ, nwere nkụda mmụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot; /&gt; Ọ katọkwara ndị otu a maka ikwu okwu banyere [[Nnyocha ụmụ nwanyị|Ikike ụmụ nwanyị nwere ịtụ vootu]] na nzuzo, mana, n'ihu ọha, na-akwado usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma na-eme ihere iji arụmụka ma ọ bụ na-eme ka mgbanwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot; /&gt; N'ikpeazụ, ya na di ya kwagara Paris na 1928, na-enwe olileanya maka itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot; /&gt;

Wanner sonyeere ngalaba French nke Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, ma ọ bụ Ligue internationale des femmes pour la paix et la liberté (LIFPL).  Ọ ghọrọ onye so na kọmitii ndị isi nke nzukọ ahụ wee malite akwụkwọ akụkọ nọọrọ onwe ya nke a na-akpọ SOS Informations na 1930.  O ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi kwuo banyere ọnọdụ ya na arụmụka LIFPL, nke kpatara esemokwu n'ime nzukọ ahụ. [1] Na 1927, ọ kwadoro mkpebi LIFPL iji katọọ mbuso agha ọdịda anyanwụ nke USSR. [1] Na arụmụka ọzọ na 1932, ọ rụrụ ụka na nzukọ ahụ kwesịrị ikwupụta nkwado ya maka China na Japan na esemokwu Sino-Japanese, n'agbanyeghị arịrịọ sitere n'aka ndị òtù LIFPL ndị ọzọ ka ha ghara ịnọpụ iche. 
[[Faịlụ:Léo_Wanner_in_Syria.jpg|alt=Léo Wanner in Syria in 1934|áká_èkpè|thumb|Léo Wanner (n'aka nri) na Siria na 1934&lt;ref name=&quot;wanner&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Fascisme et colonialisme|work=Les Femmes dans l'action mondiale|date=1 November 1934|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4552729w/f6.item|page=6|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Na June 1933, o sonyeere kọmitii nke Comité mondial des femmes contre la guerre et le fascisme (transl. World Committee for Women Against War and Fascism) iji nyochaa &quot;udo&quot; nke ndị Moroccan. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe ya, nke e bipụtara na L'Humanité en Monde, ọ katọrọ Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas maka irite uru na ọrụ ndị agha na Morocco, ma katọọ mmegide nke òtù mba Moroccan nke na-etolite na Fez. Ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ ndị Kọmunist mbụ ji obi ọmịiko dee banyere ngagharị nnwere onwe Moroccan. 

Na May 1934, Wanner kwuru okwu na nnọkọ mgbochi ndị Fascist na Vincennes na Cirque d'Hiver. Na Septemba nke afọ ahụ, o hiwere kọmitii na LIFPL iji nyere ndị ogbenye na ndị a na-emegbu emegbu aka na Tunisia. Mgbe e mesịrị na Nọvemba, Wanner bipụtara otu akụkọ na Les femmes dans l'action mondiale nke na-akọwa ụnwụ nke gọọmenti na-achị achị kpatara na mmegide ndị agha na-eme ihe ike nke ndị Tunisia, ọ gbakwara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha kwado mmegide megide ọchịchị France na Tunisia.
[[Faịlụ:Léo_Wanner_Congress_Soviet_Taskent_1935.jpg|alt=|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Léo Wanner na ndị nnọchi anya Uzbek na 5th Congress of Soviets na Tashkent na 1935 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Le Voyage en U.R.S.S.|work=Les Femmes dans l'action mondiale|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4552732c/f6|date=15 May 1935|page=6|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Na Maachị 1936, ọ zutere Shakib Arslan na Geneva. Wanner gara North Africa ya na Robert-Jean Longuet, nwa nwa Karl Marx, iji zute ndị isi nke ngagharị nnwere onwe.  N'August 1936, ya na Longuet zutere Mohamed Hassan Ouazzani na Fez, na ebe ahụ bụ Spanish Protectorate nke Morocco, iji hazie iguzogide ndị Francoists na Comité d'action marocaine (transl. Committee for Moroccan Action).

Wanner jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke  (transl. Kọmitii International maka Ncheba nke Ndị Etiopia). &lt;ref name=&quot;maitron&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=WANNER Léo née BERGER Léonie|url=https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|first=Georges|author=Oved|work=maitron.fr|date=30 November 2010|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007014815/https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|archivedate=7 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wanner nwụrụ na 5 Nọvemba 1941 n'ụlọ ya na Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;death&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Acte de décès à Paris 5e : n° 1487|date=5 November 1941|language=fr|url=https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/etat-civil-de-paris/etat-civil-a-partir-de-1860/consulter-les-actes-detat-civil?arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--ficheFocus=&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=05&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--from=1300&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--resultSize=100&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--contenuIds%5B%5D=10873331&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--modeRestit=arko_default_64ca1b2347e81#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5/arko_fiche_6703cf987a333/arko_default_64ca1b1754490/image/289789|accessdate=22 April 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/etat-civil-de-paris/etat-civil-a-partir-de-1860/consulter-les-actes-detat-civil?arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--ficheFocus=&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=05&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--from=1300&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--resultSize=100&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--contenuIds%5B%5D=10873331&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--modeRestit=arko_default_64ca1b2347e81#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5/arko_fiche_6703cf987a333/arko_default_64ca1b1754490/image/289789 ''Acte de décès à Paris 5e : n° 1487''] (in French). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; E liri ya na ili ozu Ivry . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Registres journaliers d'inhumation à Cimetiére d'Ivry : n° d'ordre 986|url=https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/sources-genealogiques-complementaires/cimetieres-et-pompes-funebres/cimetieres/consulter-les-registres-journaliers-dinhumation?arko_default_64c11d444499f--ficheFocus=&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc9b02%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc9b02%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=1941%7C1941&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc9b02%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=slider&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc376e%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc376e%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=1941&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc376e%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=input&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabb5212%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabb5212%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=Ivry&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabb5212%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--from=0&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--resultSize=25&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--contenuIds%5B%5D=10841969&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--modeRestit=arko_default_64c11df9e0c32#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64c11d444499f/arko_fiche_64c11b6b3bc0e/arko_default_64c11e4ac8248/image/79042|date=7 November 1941|accessdate=22 April 2026|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist|}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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      <text bytes="13084" sha1="664tze1ik1tpy50imebgnr7zavvyhd5" xml:space="preserve">'''Léo Wanner''', née Léonie Joséphine Berger (5 Jenụwarị 1886 - 5 Nọvemba 1941), bụ onye Kọmunist nke France, onye na-emegide ndị Fascist, na onye na-egbochi ndị eze ukwu na onye nta akụkọ. Wanner duziri nkewa French nke League Against Imperialism na Colonial Oppression ma megide ndị ọchịchị [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], na [[Morocco]] site na ọrụ ya na akụkọ.
== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Léo Wanner na 1886 na Bourg-en-Bresse; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Acte de naissance à Bourg-en-Bresse en 1886 : n° 9|url=https://www.archives.ain.fr/ark:/22231/vtaefd52194f7b389b0/img:FRAD001_EC_BOURG-EN-BRESSE_1886-1886_N_006|date=5 January 1886|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; nne na nna ya abụọ bụ ndị na-elekọta ubi. &lt;ref name=&quot;maitron&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=WANNER Léo née BERGER Léonie|url=https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|first=Georges|author=Oved|work=maitron.fr|date=30 November 2010|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007014815/https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|archivedate=7 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya na Jean Faudrin biri na ịgba alụkwaghịm, ma mesịa lụọ onye injinia aha ya bụ Arthur Wanner.&lt;ref name=&quot;death&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Acte de décès à Paris 5e : n° 1487|date=5 November 1941|language=fr|url=https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/etat-civil-de-paris/etat-civil-a-partir-de-1860/consulter-les-actes-detat-civil?arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--ficheFocus=&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=05&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--from=1300&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--resultSize=100&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--contenuIds%5B%5D=10873331&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--modeRestit=arko_default_64ca1b2347e81#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5/arko_fiche_6703cf987a333/arko_default_64ca1b1754490/image/289789|accessdate=22 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léo Wanner na di ya nke abụọ nwere mmekọrịta hà nhata, nke na-adịghị ahụkebe n'oge ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Léo Wanner : une Française des années 1920 et 1930 bien dérangeante|pages=60–63|journal=Matériaux pour l'histoire de notre temps|url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-materiaux-pour-l-histoire-de-notre-temps-2018-3-page-60|volume=129–130|doi=10.3917/mate.129.0060|accessdate=5 April 2026|date=2018|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na July 1925, Wanner sonyeere ngalaba French nke Workers' International (SFIO).&lt;ref name=&quot;maitron&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=WANNER Léo née BERGER Léonie|url=https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|first=Georges|author=Oved|work=maitron.fr|date=30 November 2010|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007014815/https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|archivedate=7 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Léo Wanner : une Française des années 1920 et 1930 bien dérangeante|pages=60–63|journal=Matériaux pour l'histoire de notre temps|url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-materiaux-pour-l-histoire-de-notre-temps-2018-3-page-60|volume=129–130|doi=10.3917/mate.129.0060|accessdate=5 April 2026|date=2018|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sonyere na ngagharị iwe ụmụ nwanyị na [[Lyon]], mana ndị otu ibe ya, bụ ndị o kwenyere na ha bụ ndị ọgaranya ma ghara ịdị n'otu na ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ, nwere nkụda mmụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot; /&gt; Ọ katọkwara ndị otu a maka ikwu okwu banyere [[Nnyocha ụmụ nwanyị|Ikike ụmụ nwanyị nwere ịtụ vootu]] na nzuzo, mana, n'ihu ọha, na-akwado usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma na-eme ihere iji arụmụka ma ọ bụ na-eme ka mgbanwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot; /&gt; N'ikpeazụ, ya na di ya kwagara Paris na 1928, na-enwe olileanya maka itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot; /&gt;

Wanner sonyeere ngalaba French nke Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, ma ọ bụ Ligue internationale des femmes pour la paix et la liberté (LIFPL).  Ọ ghọrọ onye so na kọmitii ndị isi nke nzukọ ahụ wee malite akwụkwọ akụkọ nọọrọ onwe ya nke a na-akpọ SOS Informations na 1930.  O ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi kwuo banyere ọnọdụ ya na arụmụka LIFPL, nke kpatara esemokwu n'ime nzukọ ahụ. [1] Na 1927, ọ kwadoro mkpebi LIFPL iji katọọ mbuso agha ọdịda anyanwụ nke USSR. [1] Na arụmụka ọzọ na 1932, ọ rụrụ ụka na nzukọ ahụ kwesịrị ikwupụta nkwado ya maka China na Japan na esemokwu Sino-Japanese, n'agbanyeghị arịrịọ sitere n'aka ndị òtù LIFPL ndị ọzọ ka ha ghara ịnọpụ iche. 
[[Faịlụ:Léo_Wanner_in_Syria.jpg|alt=Léo Wanner in Syria in 1934|áká_èkpè|thumb|Léo Wanner (n'aka nri) na Siria na 1934&lt;ref name=&quot;wanner&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Fascisme et colonialisme|work=Les Femmes dans l'action mondiale|date=1 November 1934|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4552729w/f6.item|page=6|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Na June 1933, o sonyeere kọmitii nke Comité mondial des femmes contre la guerre et le fascisme (transl. World Committee for Women Against War and Fascism) iji nyochaa &quot;udo&quot; nke ndị Moroccan. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe ya, nke e bipụtara na L'Humanité en Monde, ọ katọrọ Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas maka irite uru na ọrụ ndị agha na Morocco, ma katọọ mmegide nke òtù mba Moroccan nke na-etolite na Fez. Ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ ndị Kọmunist mbụ ji obi ọmịiko dee banyere ngagharị nnwere onwe Moroccan. 

Na May 1934, Wanner kwuru okwu na nnọkọ mgbochi ndị Fascist na Vincennes na Cirque d'Hiver. Na Septemba nke afọ ahụ, o hiwere kọmitii na LIFPL iji nyere ndị ogbenye na ndị a na-emegbu emegbu aka na Tunisia. Mgbe e mesịrị na Nọvemba, Wanner bipụtara otu akụkọ na Les femmes dans l'action mondiale nke na-akọwa ụnwụ nke gọọmenti na-achị achị kpatara na mmegide ndị agha na-eme ihe ike nke ndị Tunisia, ọ gbakwara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha kwado mmegide megide ọchịchị France na Tunisia.
[[Faịlụ:Léo_Wanner_Congress_Soviet_Taskent_1935.jpg|alt=|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Léo Wanner na ndị nnọchi anya Uzbek na 5th Congress of Soviets na Tashkent na 1935 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Le Voyage en U.R.S.S.|work=Les Femmes dans l'action mondiale|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4552732c/f6|date=15 May 1935|page=6|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Na Maachị 1936, ọ zutere Shakib Arslan na Geneva. Wanner gara North Africa ya na Robert-Jean Longuet, nwa nwa Karl Marx, iji zute ndị isi nke ngagharị nnwere onwe.  N'August 1936, ya na Longuet zutere Mohamed Hassan Ouazzani na Fez, na ebe ahụ bụ Spanish Protectorate nke Morocco, iji hazie iguzogide ndị Francoists na Comité d'action marocaine (transl. Committee for Moroccan Action).

Wanner jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke  (transl. Kọmitii International maka Ncheba nke Ndị Etiopia). &lt;ref name=&quot;maitron&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=WANNER Léo née BERGER Léonie|url=https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|first=Georges|author=Oved|work=maitron.fr|date=30 November 2010|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007014815/https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|archivedate=7 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wanner nwụrụ na 5 Nọvemba 1941 n'ụlọ ya na Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;death&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Acte de décès à Paris 5e : n° 1487|date=5 November 1941|language=fr|url=https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/etat-civil-de-paris/etat-civil-a-partir-de-1860/consulter-les-actes-detat-civil?arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--ficheFocus=&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=05&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--from=1300&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--resultSize=100&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--contenuIds%5B%5D=10873331&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--modeRestit=arko_default_64ca1b2347e81#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5/arko_fiche_6703cf987a333/arko_default_64ca1b1754490/image/289789|accessdate=22 April 2026}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/etat-civil-de-paris/etat-civil-a-partir-de-1860/consulter-les-actes-detat-civil?arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--ficheFocus=&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=05&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--from=1300&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--resultSize=100&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--contenuIds%5B%5D=10873331&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--modeRestit=arko_default_64ca1b2347e81#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5/arko_fiche_6703cf987a333/arko_default_64ca1b1754490/image/289789 ''Acte de décès à Paris 5e : n° 1487''] (in French). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; E liri ya na ili ozu Ivry . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Registres journaliers d'inhumation à Cimetiére d'Ivry : n° d'ordre 986|url=https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/sources-genealogiques-complementaires/cimetieres-et-pompes-funebres/cimetieres/consulter-les-registres-journaliers-dinhumation?arko_default_64c11d444499f--ficheFocus=&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc9b02%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc9b02%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=1941%7C1941&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc9b02%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=slider&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc376e%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc376e%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=1941&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc376e%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=input&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabb5212%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabb5212%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=Ivry&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabb5212%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--from=0&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--resultSize=25&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--contenuIds%5B%5D=10841969&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--modeRestit=arko_default_64c11df9e0c32#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64c11d444499f/arko_fiche_64c11b6b3bc0e/arko_default_64c11e4ac8248/image/79042|date=7 November 1941|accessdate=22 April 2026|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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      <id>672785</id>
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        <username>Johnnybam</username>
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      <text bytes="10221" sha1="1ty57zjszhr94emt7c2h0ylyrg9zm72" xml:space="preserve">'''Léo Wanner''', née Léonie Joséphine Berger (5 Jenụwarị 1886 - 5 Nọvemba 1941), bụ onye Kọmunist nke France, onye na-emegide ndị Fascist, na onye na-egbochi ndị eze ukwu na onye nta akụkọ. Wanner duziri nkewa French nke League Against Imperialism na Colonial Oppression ma megide ndị ọchịchị [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], na [[Morocco]] site na ọrụ ya na akụkọ.
== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Léo Wanner na 1886 na Bourg-en-Bresse; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Acte de naissance à Bourg-en-Bresse en 1886 : n° 9|url=https://www.archives.ain.fr/ark:/22231/vtaefd52194f7b389b0/img:FRAD001_EC_BOURG-EN-BRESSE_1886-1886_N_006|date=5 January 1886|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; nne na nna ya abụọ bụ ndị na-elekọta ubi. &lt;ref name=&quot;maitron&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=WANNER Léo née BERGER Léonie|url=https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|first=Georges|author=Oved|work=maitron.fr|date=30 November 2010|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007014815/https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|archivedate=7 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya na Jean Faudrin biri na ịgba alụkwaghịm, ma mesịa lụọ onye injinia aha ya bụ Arthur Wanner.&lt;ref name=&quot;death&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Acte de décès à Paris 5e : n° 1487|date=5 November 1941|language=fr|url=https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/etat-civil-de-paris/etat-civil-a-partir-de-1860/consulter-les-actes-detat-civil?arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--ficheFocus=&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a8996ae1%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=05&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64ca1a89a5742%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--from=1300&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--resultSize=100&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--contenuIds%5B%5D=10873331&amp;arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5--modeRestit=arko_default_64ca1b2347e81#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64ca19f9b29b5/arko_fiche_6703cf987a333/arko_default_64ca1b1754490/image/289789|accessdate=22 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Léo Wanner na di ya nke abụọ nwere mmekọrịta hà nhata, nke na-adịghị ahụkebe n'oge ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Léo Wanner : une Française des années 1920 et 1930 bien dérangeante|pages=60–63|journal=Matériaux pour l'histoire de notre temps|url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-materiaux-pour-l-histoire-de-notre-temps-2018-3-page-60|volume=129–130|doi=10.3917/mate.129.0060|accessdate=5 April 2026|date=2018|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na July 1925, Wanner sonyeere ngalaba French nke Workers' International (SFIO).&lt;ref name=&quot;maitron&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=WANNER Léo née BERGER Léonie|url=https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|first=Georges|author=Oved|work=maitron.fr|date=30 November 2010|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007014815/https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|archivedate=7 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Léo Wanner : une Française des années 1920 et 1930 bien dérangeante|pages=60–63|journal=Matériaux pour l'histoire de notre temps|url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-materiaux-pour-l-histoire-de-notre-temps-2018-3-page-60|volume=129–130|doi=10.3917/mate.129.0060|accessdate=5 April 2026|date=2018|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sonyere na ngagharị iwe ụmụ nwanyị na [[Lyon]], mana ndị otu ibe ya, bụ ndị o kwenyere na ha bụ ndị ọgaranya ma ghara ịdị n'otu na ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ, nwere nkụda mmụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot; /&gt; Ọ katọkwara ndị otu a maka ikwu okwu banyere [[Nnyocha ụmụ nwanyị|Ikike ụmụ nwanyị nwere ịtụ vootu]] na nzuzo, mana, n'ihu ọha, na-akwado usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma na-eme ihere iji arụmụka ma ọ bụ na-eme ka mgbanwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot; /&gt; N'ikpeazụ, ya na di ya kwagara Paris na 1928, na-enwe olileanya maka itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;cairn&quot; /&gt;

Wanner sonyeere ngalaba French nke Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, ma ọ bụ Ligue internationale des femmes pour la paix et la liberté (LIFPL).  Ọ ghọrọ onye so na kọmitii ndị isi nke nzukọ ahụ wee malite akwụkwọ akụkọ nọọrọ onwe ya nke a na-akpọ SOS Informations na 1930.  O ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi kwuo banyere ọnọdụ ya na arụmụka LIFPL, nke kpatara esemokwu n'ime nzukọ ahụ. [1] Na 1927, ọ kwadoro mkpebi LIFPL iji katọọ mbuso agha ọdịda anyanwụ nke USSR. [1] Na arụmụka ọzọ na 1932, ọ rụrụ ụka na nzukọ ahụ kwesịrị ikwupụta nkwado ya maka China na Japan na esemokwu Sino-Japanese, n'agbanyeghị arịrịọ sitere n'aka ndị òtù LIFPL ndị ọzọ ka ha ghara ịnọpụ iche. 
[[Faịlụ:Léo_Wanner_in_Syria.jpg|alt=Léo Wanner in Syria in 1934|áká_èkpè|thumb|Léo Wanner (n'aka nri) na Siria na 1934&lt;ref name=&quot;wanner&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Fascisme et colonialisme|work=Les Femmes dans l'action mondiale|date=1 November 1934|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4552729w/f6.item|page=6|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Na June 1933, o sonyeere kọmitii nke Comité mondial des femmes contre la guerre et le fascisme (transl. World Committee for Women Against War and Fascism) iji nyochaa &quot;udo&quot; nke ndị Moroccan. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe ya, nke e bipụtara na L'Humanité en Monde, ọ katọrọ Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas maka irite uru na ọrụ ndị agha na Morocco, ma katọọ mmegide nke òtù mba Moroccan nke na-etolite na Fez. Ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ ndị Kọmunist mbụ ji obi ọmịiko dee banyere ngagharị nnwere onwe Moroccan. 

Na May 1934, Wanner kwuru okwu na nnọkọ mgbochi ndị Fascist na Vincennes na Cirque d'Hiver. Na Septemba nke afọ ahụ, o hiwere kọmitii na LIFPL iji nyere ndị ogbenye na ndị a na-emegbu emegbu aka na Tunisia. Mgbe e mesịrị na Nọvemba, Wanner bipụtara otu akụkọ na Les femmes dans l'action mondiale nke na-akọwa ụnwụ nke gọọmenti na-achị achị kpatara na mmegide ndị agha na-eme ihe ike nke ndị Tunisia, ọ gbakwara ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ ya ume ka ha kwado mmegide megide ọchịchị France na Tunisia.
[[Faịlụ:Léo_Wanner_Congress_Soviet_Taskent_1935.jpg|alt=|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Léo Wanner na ndị nnọchi anya Uzbek na 5th Congress of Soviets na Tashkent na 1935 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Le Voyage en U.R.S.S.|work=Les Femmes dans l'action mondiale|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4552732c/f6|date=15 May 1935|page=6|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Na Maachị 1936, ọ zutere Shakib Arslan na Geneva. Wanner gara North Africa ya na Robert-Jean Longuet, nwa nwa Karl Marx, iji zute ndị isi nke ngagharị nnwere onwe.  N'August 1936, ya na Longuet zutere Mohamed Hassan Ouazzani na Fez, na ebe ahụ bụ Spanish Protectorate nke Morocco, iji hazie iguzogide ndị Francoists na Comité d'action marocaine (transl. Committee for Moroccan Action).

Wanner jere ozi dị ka odeakwụkwọ nke  (transl. Kọmitii International maka Ncheba nke Ndị Etiopia). &lt;ref name=&quot;maitron&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=WANNER Léo née BERGER Léonie|url=https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|first=Georges|author=Oved|work=maitron.fr|date=30 November 2010|accessdate=5 April 2026|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007014815/https://maitron.fr/wanner-leo-nee-berger-leonie/|archivedate=7 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wanner nwụrụ na 5 Nọvemba 1941 n'ụlọ ya na Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;death&quot; /&gt;E liri ya na ili ozu Ivry . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Registres journaliers d'inhumation à Cimetiére d'Ivry : n° d'ordre 986|url=https://archives.paris.fr/archives-numerisees/sources-genealogiques-complementaires/cimetieres-et-pompes-funebres/cimetieres/consulter-les-registres-journaliers-dinhumation?arko_default_64c11d444499f--ficheFocus=&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bmode%5D=simple&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc9b02%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc9b02%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=1941%7C1941&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc9b02%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=slider&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc376e%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc376e%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=1941&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabc376e%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=input&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabb5212%5D%5Bop%5D=AND&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabb5212%5D%5Bq%5D%5B%5D=Ivry&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--filtreGroupes%5Bgroupes%5D%5B0%5D%5Barko_default_64c11dabb5212%5D%5Bextras%5D%5Bmode%5D=select&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--from=0&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--resultSize=25&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--contenuIds%5B%5D=10841969&amp;arko_default_64c11d444499f--modeRestit=arko_default_64c11df9e0c32#/_recherche-api/visionneuse-infos/arko_default_64c11d444499f/arko_fiche_64c11b6b3bc0e/arko_default_64c11e4ac8248/image/79042|date=7 November 1941|accessdate=22 April 2026|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Justine Madugu</title>
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'''Justin Pwanidi Madugu''' (amụrụ na 19 Jenụwarị 1964) bụ onye njikwa bọọlụ na onye ọrụ Naijiria. Ọ bụ onye njikwa [[Ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Naịjirịa|Ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị Naịjirịa]] ugbu a.

== Ọrụ njikwa ==
Madugu ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị nkuzi nke otu ụmụnwaanyị Naịjirịa site n'afọ 2012 gawa. Ọ kụzikwara ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa ruo opekata mpe afọ 2018.

O mechara zụọ Adamawa United &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2023-08-05|author=Tunde Williams|date=2021-06-14|language=en-US|title=Coach Justine Madugu savors important win over River United|url=https://www.brila.net/coach-justine-madugu-savors-important-win-over-river-united/|work=Latest Sports News In Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee laghachi n'òtù ụmụ nwanyị nke Naijiria na Nọvemba 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2023-08-05|author=admin|date=2021-11-05|language=en-US|title=NEW SUPER FALCONS COACHES BRING NEW VISION TO TEAM|url=https://thestreetjournal.org/new-super-falcons-coaches-bring-new-vision-to-team/|work=The Street Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E depụtakwara ya dị ka onye nkuzi Plateau United maka oge 2022-23. O sonyere ndị otu ahụ na Confederation Cup na Champions League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2023-08-05|language=de|title=Justine Pwanidi Madugu Trainer Plateau Utd: Titel, Karriere, Alter|url=https://www.fussballtransfers.com/trainer/justine-pwanidi-madugu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na June 2023, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ odeakwụkwọ ego nke Naịjirịa FA . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=2023-08-05|date=2023-06-23|language=en-GB|title=Adamawa born Justin emerges Fin Sec of Nigeria Football coaches Association|url=https://tgnews.com.ng/2023/06/23/adamawa-born-justin-emerges-fin-sec-of-nigeria-football-coaches-association/|work=TG NEWS}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2025, a họpụtara Madugu maka onyinye Ballon d'Or Women's Team Coach of the Year. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ubanagu|first=Makua|date=2025-08-07|title=Super Falcons coach Madugu nominated for 2025 Ballon d’Or award|url=https://punchng.com/super-falcons-coach-madugu-nominated-for-2025-ballon-dor-award/|accessdate=2025-08-07|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nlebem|first=Anthony|date=2025-08-07|title=Super Falcons' Nnadozie, Madugu nominated for 2025 Ballon d’Or awards|url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/super-falcons-nnadozie-madugu-nominated-for-2025-ballon-dor-awards/|accessdate=2025-08-07|work=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==

=== Onye njikwa ===
'''Mba Nile'''

* Iko Mba Afrịka nke ụmụ nwanyị: 2024

== Edensibia ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Efe Ambrose</title>
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'''Efe Eric Ambrose''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Obefelix-Efe Ambrose.wav|Mkpọpụta}} (amụrụ n'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1988) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere Port Glasgow. Ambrose agbaala bọọlụ maka Kaduna United, Bayelsa United, klọb Israel Ashdod, klọbu Scotland Celtic, Hibernian, Livingston, St Johnstone na Dunfermline Athletic, Greenock Morton na klọb English Derby County.

Ambrose agbaala bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa, ọ nọchitekwara anya Naịjiria na FIFA Under-20 World Cup, Summer Olympics, Africa Cup of Nations, na FIFA World Cup.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
Ambrose malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Kaduna United na 2006 ma afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, a gbazinyere ya Bayelsa United maka oge 2008-09 mana ọ nọgidere na KadunaUnited mgbe o nyesịrị ha aka inweta nkwalite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200809120376.html|title=Nigeria: Bayelsa Grab Ambrose, Keep Okonkwo|date=12 September 2008|accessdate=5 May 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007232840/http://allafrica.com/stories/200809120376.html|archivedate=7 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== FC Ashdod ===

=== Ndị Celt ===
Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Scottish Premier League Celtic n'ụbọchị a kara aka n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2012, na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19441365|title=Celtic: Efe Ambrose completes move from Ashdod|publisher=BBC Sport|date=31 August 2012|accessdate=2 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ sonyeere klọb ahụ, Ambrose toro ndị otu ọhụrụ ya na Celtic maka inyere ya aka ibi na Glasgow ngwa ngwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose thanks his teammates for helping him settle in at Celtic Park|url=http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/celtic/192046-efe-ambrose-thanks-his-teammates-for-helping-him-settle-in-at-celtic-park/|publisher=STV Sport|date=26 September 2012|accessdate=27 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose kpughekwara na ọ mụrụ bọọlụ Britain iji sonye na Celtic site n'ịhụ egwuregwu Scottish Premier League na English Premier League na TV mgbe ọ nụrụ banyere mmasị Celtic nwere n'ebe ọ nọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose reveals he studied British football ahead of move to Celtic|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/efe-ambrose-reveals-he-studied-british-1345488|work=Daily Record|date=27 September 2012|accessdate=27 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambrose mere nke mbụ ya na 22 Septemba 2012 dị ka onye nọchiri onye isi Celtic Scott Brown megide Dundee na Scottish Premier League, mmeri 2-0.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Efe Ambrose|url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player.php?playerid=3073|publisher=Fitba Stats|accessdate=28 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915152458/http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player.php?playerid=3073|archivedate=15 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Egbe|first=Uche George|title=Ambrose debuts in Scotland|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/30472/ambrose-efe-debuts-in-scotland-for-celtic|work=Kick Off|accessdate=28 May 2014|date=23 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127011705/http://www.kickoff.com/news/30472/ambrose-efe-debuts-in-scotland-for-celtic|archivedate=27 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya zuru oke megide Raith Rovers na Scottish League Cup, na mmeri 4-1. Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Celtic na mmeri 5-0 megide St Mirren na 20 Ọktoba 2012, na-eme emume goolu ahụ site na somersault anọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Somersault&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19939572|title=St Mirren 0–5 Celtic|publisher=BBC Sport|date=20 October 2012|accessdate=25 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose gara n'ihu mee egwuregwu Champions League mbụ ya maka Celtic, ebe ọ gbara nkeji 90 na mmeri 3-2 megide Spartak Moscow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose's Celtic shock Spartak|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/europe/uefa-champions-league/news/2012/oct/02-efe-ambroses-celtic-shock-spartak.html|work=MTN Football|date=2 October 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2012, Ambrose gbara goolu nke ya, na 2-2 draw megide Dundee United. Mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, Ambrose kwuru na ọ dara ala ma chee na ọ gaara ewepụ bọọlụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Celtic's Efe Ambrose pledges to make amends for last minute Tannadice shocker|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/celtics-efe-ambrose-pledges-to-make-1419159|work=Daily Record|date=6 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2012, n'ihu egwuregwu Champions League megide Barcelona, Ambrose kwere nkwa inye klọb ahụ arụmọrụ kachasị mma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=I will play the 'game of my life' against Barcelona, says Celtic defender Ambrose|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2914/champions-league/2012/11/07/3508603/i-will-play-the-game-of-my-life-against-barcelona-says|work=Goal.com|date=7 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ndị egwuregwu Celtic rụchara ọrụ dị egwu, ha meriri 2-1 ma Ambrose kwuru na imeri Barcelona bụ 'ụzọ zuru oke iji mee emume ncheta afọ 125 nke Celtic. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose: Celtic win over Barca was perfect 125th birthday pressie|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/efe-ambrose-celtic-win-over-1426600|work=Daily Record|date=9 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'asọmpi otu Champions League, Celtic tozuru oke n'ọkwa knockout wee zute otu Juventus nke Italy. N'ụkwụ nke mbụ, a kpọrọ Ambrose aha n'òtù ndị ahụ tupu egwuregwu ahụ, nanị ụbọchị atọ ka Nigeria nwesịrị iko mba Africa, Ambrose kpọkwara nkeji 90 zuru ezu n'ikpeazụ.[1] Otú ọ dị, Ambrose mehiere ọtụtụ ihe n'oge egwuregwu ahụ, na-ekwe ka Alessandro Matri (ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ) na Mirko Vučinić (ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke atọ) mee ka ọ dị mfe. Ọ tụfuru ohere kacha mma ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ nwere iji nweta akara n'oge egwuregwu ahụ. Onye otu ibe ya Kris Commons katọrọ arụmọrụ ya. Ọ bụ ezie na a katọrọ Ambrose, Kelvin Wilson gbachiteere ya, onye kwenyere na Ambrose ga-alaghachi azụ n'omume na-akụda mmụọ ya. Ambrose mere mpụta mbụ ya na asọmpi otu na-esote mgbe ọ gbara Celtic na mmeri 6–2 meriri Dundee United. Neil Lennon toro ọrụ Ambrose (yana Commons).  Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, o mere ngosipụta ọzọ, na 1–1 sere megide St Johnstone. Tupu ụkwụ nke abụọ megide Juventus, Ambrose kwuru na nkatọ Commons kpaliri ya ịghọ onye ọkpụkpọ ka mma. Mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, nke Juventus meriri 2-0 wee banye na nkeji iri na ise, Neil Lennon kwuru na Ambrose abịarutela n'oge maka ọzụzụ ma hapụ ụgbọ ala ndị otu na họtel ma hapụ ya ka ọ nweta tagzi. Lennon kwukwara na Ambrose kwesịrị &quot;ịpụ na ya&quot;.

Ambrose nwetara nkatọ siri ike site n'aka ndị na-akwado ya na ndị ọkachamara maka arụmọrụ na njehie na-adịghị mma ugboro ugboro nke dugara na ebumnuche ndị mmegide.&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;379&quot; href=&quot;./Brendan_Rodgers&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Brendan Rodgers&quot;&gt;Brendan Rodgers' Celtic team selection&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;last&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Verrall&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;first&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;John&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;13 July 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;publisher&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[HITC]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;access-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;4 August 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;archive-url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20160714152452/http://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2016/07/13/john-hartson-criticises-brendan-rodgers-celtic-team-selection/&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;archive-date&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;14&lt;/nowiki&gt; July 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;url-status&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;live&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwBJM\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt74\&quot; class=\&quot;citation news cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;CITEREFVerrall2016\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;Verrall, John (13 July 2016). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-21&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Efe_Ambrose#cite_note-21 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/opinion/sport/hotline/celtic-defender-efe-ambrose-not-8533674|title=Celtic defender Efe Ambrose is not an accident waiting to happen ... he's an accident that's already happened|author=Gannon|first=Michael|date=31 July 2016|work=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]|publisher=[[Trinity Mirror]]|accessdate=4 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2016, mgbe ọ kwụsịrị n'òtù mbụ na Celtic n'okpuru onye njikwa ọhụrụ bụ Brendan Rodgers, Celtic nabatara onyinye £ 300,000 maka Ambrose site na Standard Liège, mana nkwekọrịta ahụ dara mgbe ọ họọrọ ịnọ na Celtic Park.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37239566|title=Celtic: Jozo Simunovic and Efe Ambrose deals fall through|author=Sutherland|first=Jonathan|date=31 August 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=31 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2017, atụmatụ ịgbazinye ego nke Ambrose na Blackburn Rovers dara, mgbe klọb ahụ enweghị ike inweta ikike ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39106836|title=Efe Ambrose: Blackburn cancel Celtic defender's loan move|publisher=BBC Sport|date=27 February 2017|accessdate=27 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301181934/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39106836|archivedate=1 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hibernian ===
Na 28 February 2017, Ambrose sonyeere Hibernian na mbinye ego maka oge fọdụrụnụ. Ambrose gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Hibs na 25 Maachị, goolu mmalite na asọmpi 2–1 Scottish meriri Falkirk. Ọ meriri ihe nrite onye ọkpụkpọ asọmpi nke ọnwa nke Scottish maka Maachị 2017.

Mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Celtic gwụrụ na ngwụcha oge ahụ, Ambrose bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Hibernian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.hibernianfc.co.uk/news/7594|title=Efe Ambrose signs two-year deal with Hibernian|work=Hibernian FC|date=8 June 2017|accessdate=8 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose gosipụtara otu nkwekọrịta na nkwekọrịta ya wee hapụ Hibernian na Jenụwarị 2019, n'agbanyeghị na klọb ahụ nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46759961|title=Hibernian: Efe Ambrose triggers contract clause to leave Easter Road|publisher=BBC Sport|date=4 January 2019|accessdate=4 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124034/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46759961|archivedate=4 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Obodo Derby ===
N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2019, Ambrose gara ikpe na EFL Championship club Derby County . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47169407|title=Efe Ambrose: Derby County take an ex-Celtic and Hibernian defender on trial|publisher=BBC Sport|date=8 February 2019|accessdate=8 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123941/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47169407|archivedate=9 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka e mesịrị n'ọnwa ahụ, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nwa oge na klọb ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47254529|title=Efe Ambrose: Derby County complete deal for former Hibernian defender|publisher=BBC Sport|date=15 February 2019|accessdate=15 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215232420/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47254529|archivedate=15 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Derby County tọhapụrụ ya na ngwụcha oge 2018-19. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48503980|title=Ashley Cole: Former England left-back set to retire after Derby exit|date=3 June 2019|accessdate=4 June 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608031618/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48503980|archivedate=8 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Livingston ===
Mgbe ọtụtụ ọnwa na-enweghị klọb, Ambrose bịanyere aka na Livingston na Febụwarị 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hibs/efe-ambrose-joins-livingston-and-could-make-debut-against-hibs-1848723|title=Efe Ambrose joins Livingston - and could make debut against Hibs|first=Alan|author=Temple|work=Edinburgh Evening News|date=18 February 2020|accessdate=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee 2021, Ambrose bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu ole na ole Livingston tọhapụrụ na ngwụcha oge 2020-21.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bt.com/sport/news/2021/may/efe-ambrose-and-jay-emmanuel-thomas-among-players-released-by-livingston|title=Efe Ambrose and Jay Emmanuel-Thomas among players released by Livingston|work=bt.com|date=18 May 2021|accessdate=22 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== St Johnstone ===
Na Septemba 2021, Ambrose bịanyere aka na St Johnstone nke Scottish Premiership.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=10 September 2021|title=Efe Ambrose Signs For Saints|url=https://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/news/article/efe-ambrose-signs-for-saints|accessdate=10 September 2021|work=perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk|archivedate=10 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910183502/https://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/news/article/efe-ambrose-signs-for-saints}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Dunfermline ====
Na 4 Febụwarị 2022, Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Scottish Championship Dunfermline Athletic na mgbazinye ruo na ngwụcha oge 2021-22. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dafc.co.uk/story.php?t=Efe_Ambrose_arrives_on_loan&amp;ID=13610|title=Efe Ambrose arrives on loan|publisher=Dunfermline Athletic FC|date=4 February 2022|accessdate=4 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Greenock Morton ===
Ambrose bịanyere aka na Greenock Morton na 26 Ọktoba 2022 na nkwekọrịta ruo na ngwụcha oge. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gmfc.net/efe-ambrose-signs-for-morton/|title=Efe Ambrose signs for Morton|publisher=Greenock Morton FC|date=26 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose ga-eme nke mbụ ya megide Inverness Caledonian Thistle, karịsịa ịbụ onye a kpọrọ nwoke nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe Morton meriri 4-0.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Morton up to second after thrashing Inverness|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63339709|accessdate=2023-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose gbakwara goolu mbụ na naanị goolu Morton meriri 2-1 n'ụlọ megide Partick Thistle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Morton beat Thistle to narrow Ayr's lead at top|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63524051|accessdate=2023-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambrose mere ngụkọta nke ugboro iri na anọ maka Morton na asọmpi niile, tupu a mara ọkwa na ọ ga-ahapụ klọb ahụ mgbe nkwekọrịta ya gwụsịrị.

=== Eze Nwanyị nke Ndịda ===
Na 25 Julaị 2023, Ambrose bịanyere aka na Queen of the South ruo 31 Disemba 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/news-6145|title=QosFC: Welcome - Efe Ambrose}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ebe a na-eli ozu ===
Na 8 June 2024, Ambrose sonyeere North West Counties Football League Premier Division nke Bury.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://buryfc.co.uk/incoming-efe-ambrose/|title=Incoming: Efe Ambrose|work=buryfc.co.uk|date=8 June 2024|accessdate=8 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, Bury kwupụtara na Ambrose ga-ahapụ klọb ahụ Igbe FA gachara egwuregwu FA Vase n'ụbọchị na-esote. Ebe ọ nọgidere na-ebi na Scotland, njem gaa Bury abụghịzi nhọrọ dị mma maka Ambrose na ezinụlọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://buryfc.co.uk/efe-ambrose-departs/|title=Efe Ambrose Departs|work=buryfc.co.uk|date=23 August 2024|accessdate=27 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Workington ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Northern Premier League Premier Division Workington . 

=== Glasgow United ===
Ambrose bịanyere aka na Glasgow United na July 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Efe Ambrose plays for Glasgow United against Ardeer Thistle|url=https://www.ardrossanherald.com/sport/25344845.efe-ambrose-plays-glasgow-united-ardeer-thistle/|publisher=Ardrossan Herald|date=28 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Ambrose bụ onye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naijiria na 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup na Canada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Flying Eagles' Star Class of 2007: Where Are They Now? {{!}} Wolexis Sports Blog|url=http://www.wolexis.com/2016/01/flying-eagles-star-class-of-2007-where.html|work=www.wolexis.com|accessdate=15 January 2016|date=15 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118021925/http://www.wolexis.com/2016/01/flying-eagles-star-class-of-2007-where.html|archivedate=18 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273291/index.html|title=FIFA Tournaments|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=2 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702081204/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273291/index.html|archivedate=2 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara nọchite anya Naijiria U-23 ma gbaa egwuregwu abụọ na 2008 Summer Olympics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/10072008/news/sports7.html|title=Sports 7|accessdate=9 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216235610/http://www.tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/|archivedate=16 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113015637/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20970786|archivedate=13 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Africa Cup of Nations, Ambrose gbara ise n'ime egwuregwu isii maka Naịjirịa, na-egwuri egwu n'ọnọdụ azụ aka nri, gụnyere nke ikpeazụ nke ọ malitere. Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gasịrị, a kpọrọ Ambrose aha na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mikel, Moses, Emenike, Pitroipa named in CAF Team of Tournament|url=http://premiumtimesng.com/sports/119745-mikel-moses-emenike-pitroipa-named-in-caf-team-of-tournament.html|publisher=[[Premium Times]] Nigeria|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=13 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose na-ekwu na mmeri nke Africa Cup of Nations bụ nnukwu ihe ọ rụzuru na otu n'ime oge kachasị ukwuu nke ndụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ambrose: We leave as giants|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=2010179/?intcmp=newsreader_news_box_3|publisher=FIFA.com|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=13 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613165542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22827902|archivedate=13 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 2014 FIFA World Cup . A họpụtabeghị Ambrose kemgbe 2016, n'ihi na ọ tụfuru ọnọdụ ya na Celtic. Ọ na-egwuri egwu mgbe niile maka Hibernian n'oge oge 2017-18, mana echetaghị ya maka ndị otu 2018 FIFA World Cup. &lt;ref name=&quot;2018 world cup&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hibs/cammy-bell-departs-hibs-as-efe-ambrose-call-is-slammed-1-4741672|title=Cammy Bell departs Hibs as Efe Ambrose call is slammed|work=Edinburgh Evening News|first=Anthony|author=Brown|date=19 May 2018|accessdate=19 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye bụbu onye njikwa Naijiria bụ Samson Siasia katọrọ mkpebi a, onye chere na ahụmịhe Ambrose ga-aba uru.&lt;ref name=&quot;2018 world cup&quot; /&gt;

== Ụdị egwuregwu ==
Ambrose na-egwuri egwu mgbe niile dị ka onye na-agbachitere ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa ma nwee ike igwu egwu dị ka onye nọ n'etiti ma ọ bụ n'azụ aka nri, na-eme ya na Israel Premier League na FC Ashdod .  A na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti, a maara Efe maka ịdị jụụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fisher|first=Stewart|title=Ambrose and Wilson making strong case for the Celtic Defence|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/ambrose-and-wilson-making-strong-case-for-the-celtic-defence.19253437|work=Herald Scotland|accessdate=6 December 2013|date=25 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-emekarị somersault mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Somersault&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;falkirk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39313250|title=Hibernian 2–1 Falkirk|publisher=BBC Sport|first=Brian|author=McLauchlin|date=25 March 2017|accessdate=25 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325152602/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39313250|archivedate=25 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://stv.tv/sport/football/clubs/celtic/195770-neil-lennon-holds-breath-over-efe-ambroses-somersault-celebration/|title=Neil Lennon holds breath over Efe Ambrose's somersault celebration|publisher=STV Sport|date=20 October 2012|accessdate=25 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326135524/https://stv.tv/sport/football/clubs/celtic/195770-neil-lennon-holds-breath-over-efe-ambroses-somersault-celebration/|archivedate=26 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
{{updated|2 October 2021}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerbase|id=67424|name=Efe Ambrose}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ashdod
|2010–11
|Njikọ Premier nke Israel
|31
|1
|6
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|39
|1
|-
|2011–12
|Njikọ Premier nke Israel
|35
|2
|1
|0
|4
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|40
|4
|-
|2012–13
|Njikọ Premier nke Israel
|1
|0
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!67
!3
!10
!0
!6
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!83
!5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Ndị Celt
|2012–13
|Njikọ Premier nke Scotland
|27
|3
|5
|0
|2
|0
|7[a]
|0
|41
|3
|-
|2013–14
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|38
|2
|2
|0
|1
|0
|10[a]
|1
|51
|3
|-
|2014–15
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|27
|0
|3
|0
|2
|0
|11[b]
|0
|43
|0
|-
|2015–16
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|21
|0
|2
|0
|2
|0
|6[c]
|0
|31
|0
|-
|2016–17
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|2[d]
|0
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!113
!5
!12
!0
!7
!0
!36
!1
!168
!6
|-
|Hibernian (onye a gbazitere) 
|2016–17
|Mmeri Scotland
|10
|1
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|12
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Hibernian
|2017–18
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|38
|2
|1
|0
|6
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|45
|3
|-
|2018–19
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|21
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|6[e]
|2
|29
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!59
!2
!1
!0
!8
!1
!6
!2
!74
!5
|-
|Obodo Derby
|2018–19
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Livingston
|2019–20
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|0
|-
|2020–21
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|22
|0
|0
|0
|6
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!25
!0
!0
!0
!6
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!31
!0
|-
|St Johnstone
|2021–22
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|3
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!274
!11
!25
!0
!27
!3
!42
!3
!368
!17
|}
 

=== Mpụta mba ụwa ===
[[w:updated|match played 29 March 2016]] &lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player |id=3850|name=Ambrose, Efe  |access-date=13 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2008
|1
|0
|-
|2009
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |&amp;#x2D;
|-
|2010
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |&amp;#x2D;
|-
|2011
|10
|0
|-
|2012
|5
|1
|-
|2013
|17
|0
|-
|2014
|13
|1
|-
|2015
|3
|2
|-
|2016
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!51
!4
|}

=== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa ===

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!#
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe a na-anọ
!Onye mmegide
!Ihe ruru
!Nsonaazụ
!Ịsọ mpi
|-
|1.
|13 Ọktoba 2012
|U.J. Esuene Stadium, [[Calabar]], Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]
| Liberia
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6–1
|2013 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
|2.
|6 Septemba 2014
|U.J. Esuene Stadium, Calabar, Nigeria
| Congo
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–3
|2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
|3.
|11 Ọktoba 2015
|Edmond Machtens Stadium, Brussels, [[Belgium]]
| Cameroon
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
|4.
|17 Nọvemba 2015
|[[Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium]], Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| Swaziland
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
|2018 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Bayelsa'''

* Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria: 2008-09

* Iko Mba Naịjirịa: 2010

* Onye isi ala Scotland: 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-162015–16
* Iko Scotland: 2012-13&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hibernian 0–3 Celtic|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22585339|publisher=BBC Sport|author=Lamont|first=Alasdair|date=26 May 2013|accessdate=2 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316081014/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22585339|archivedate=16 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Iko Njikọ Scotland: 2014-15&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dundee United 0–2 Celtic|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31785677|publisher=BBC Sport|author=Wilson|first=Richard|date=15 March 2015|accessdate=2 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003180004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31785677|archivedate=3 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Mmeri Scotland: 2016-17&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC39536738&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39536738|title=Hibernian 3–0 Queen of the South|first=Brian|author=McLauchlin|publisher=BBC Sport|date=15 April 2017|accessdate=16 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415171226/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39536738|archivedate=15 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.deadlinenews.co.uk/2017/04/27/hibs-defender-efe-ambrose-qualifies-collect-championship-winners-medal-missing-medal-celtic/?platform=hootsuite|title=Hibs defender Efe Ambrose qualifies to collect Championship winner's medal after missing out on medal at Celtic|first=Darren|author=Johnstone|work=Deadline News|date=27 April 2017|accessdate=28 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021190844/http://www.deadlinenews.co.uk/2017/04/27/hibs-defender-efe-ambrose-qualifies-collect-championship-winners-medal-missing-medal-celtic/?platform=hootsuite|archivedate=21 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013

* UEFA Champions League Team of the Week: (Izu 3, 2012-13) 
* Africa Cup of Nations Team nke asọmpi ahụ: 2013&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Orange CAF Africa Cup of Nations Awards|url=http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213062408/http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archivedate=13 February 2013|accessdate=10 February 2013|publisher=Orange Africa Cup of Nations South Africa 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;

* Aga m agba goolu ndị ọzọ maka Eagles - Ambrose E debere ya na  Wayback Machine
* Efe Ambrosen'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
* Efe Ambrosena National-Football-Teams.com
* Efe AmbrosenaESPN FC 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ambrose, Efe}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>h9ermy5d5t7axkvkgdyjg7y2n9nqveh</sha1>
    </revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:41:12Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}} 

'''Efe Eric Ambrose''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Obefelix-Efe Ambrose.wav|Mkpọpụta}} (amụrụ n'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1988) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere Port Glasgow. Ambrose agbaala bọọlụ maka Kaduna United, Bayelsa United, klọb Israel Ashdod, klọbu Scotland Celtic, Hibernian, Livingston, St Johnstone na Dunfermline Athletic, Greenock Morton na klọb English Derby County.

Ambrose agbaala bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa, ọ nọchitekwara anya Naịjiria na FIFA Under-20 World Cup, Summer Olympics, Africa Cup of Nations, na FIFA World Cup.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
Ambrose malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Kaduna United na 2006 ma afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, a gbazinyere ya Bayelsa United maka oge 2008-09 mana ọ nọgidere na KadunaUnited mgbe o nyesịrị ha aka inweta nkwalite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200809120376.html|title=Nigeria: Bayelsa Grab Ambrose, Keep Okonkwo|date=12 September 2008|accessdate=5 May 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007232840/http://allafrica.com/stories/200809120376.html|archivedate=7 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== FC Ashdod ===

=== Ndị Celt ===
Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Scottish Premier League Celtic n'ụbọchị a kara aka n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2012, na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19441365|title=Celtic: Efe Ambrose completes move from Ashdod|publisher=BBC Sport|date=31 August 2012|accessdate=2 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ sonyeere klọb ahụ, Ambrose toro ndị otu ọhụrụ ya na Celtic maka inyere ya aka ibi na Glasgow ngwa ngwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose thanks his teammates for helping him settle in at Celtic Park|url=http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/celtic/192046-efe-ambrose-thanks-his-teammates-for-helping-him-settle-in-at-celtic-park/|publisher=STV Sport|date=26 September 2012|accessdate=27 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose kpughekwara na ọ mụrụ bọọlụ Britain iji sonye na Celtic site n'ịhụ egwuregwu Scottish Premier League na English Premier League na TV mgbe ọ nụrụ banyere mmasị Celtic nwere n'ebe ọ nọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose reveals he studied British football ahead of move to Celtic|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/efe-ambrose-reveals-he-studied-british-1345488|work=Daily Record|date=27 September 2012|accessdate=27 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambrose mere nke mbụ ya na 22 Septemba 2012 dị ka onye nọchiri onye isi Celtic Scott Brown megide Dundee na Scottish Premier League, mmeri 2-0.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Efe Ambrose|url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player.php?playerid=3073|publisher=Fitba Stats|accessdate=28 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915152458/http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player.php?playerid=3073|archivedate=15 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Egbe|first=Uche George|title=Ambrose debuts in Scotland|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/30472/ambrose-efe-debuts-in-scotland-for-celtic|work=Kick Off|accessdate=28 May 2014|date=23 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127011705/http://www.kickoff.com/news/30472/ambrose-efe-debuts-in-scotland-for-celtic|archivedate=27 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya zuru oke megide Raith Rovers na Scottish League Cup, na mmeri 4-1. Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Celtic na mmeri 5-0 megide St Mirren na 20 Ọktoba 2012, na-eme emume goolu ahụ site na somersault anọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Somersault&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19939572|title=St Mirren 0–5 Celtic|publisher=BBC Sport|date=20 October 2012|accessdate=25 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose gara n'ihu mee egwuregwu Champions League mbụ ya maka Celtic, ebe ọ gbara nkeji 90 na mmeri 3-2 megide Spartak Moscow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose's Celtic shock Spartak|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/europe/uefa-champions-league/news/2012/oct/02-efe-ambroses-celtic-shock-spartak.html|work=MTN Football|date=2 October 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2012, Ambrose gbara goolu nke ya, na 2-2 draw megide Dundee United. Mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, Ambrose kwuru na ọ dara ala ma chee na ọ gaara ewepụ bọọlụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Celtic's Efe Ambrose pledges to make amends for last minute Tannadice shocker|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/celtics-efe-ambrose-pledges-to-make-1419159|work=Daily Record|date=6 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2012, n'ihu egwuregwu Champions League megide Barcelona, Ambrose kwere nkwa inye klọb ahụ arụmọrụ kachasị mma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=I will play the 'game of my life' against Barcelona, says Celtic defender Ambrose|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2914/champions-league/2012/11/07/3508603/i-will-play-the-game-of-my-life-against-barcelona-says|work=Goal.com|date=7 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ndị egwuregwu Celtic rụchara ọrụ dị egwu, ha meriri 2-1 ma Ambrose kwuru na imeri Barcelona bụ 'ụzọ zuru oke iji mee emume ncheta afọ 125 nke Celtic. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose: Celtic win over Barca was perfect 125th birthday pressie|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/efe-ambrose-celtic-win-over-1426600|work=Daily Record|date=9 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'asọmpi otu Champions League, Celtic tozuru oke n'ọkwa knockout wee zute otu Juventus nke Italy. N'ụkwụ nke mbụ, a kpọrọ Ambrose aha n'òtù ndị ahụ tupu egwuregwu ahụ, nanị ụbọchị atọ ka Nigeria nwesịrị iko mba Africa, Ambrose kpọkwara nkeji 90 zuru ezu n'ikpeazụ.[1] Otú ọ dị, Ambrose mehiere ọtụtụ ihe n'oge egwuregwu ahụ, na-ekwe ka Alessandro Matri (ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ) na Mirko Vučinić (ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke atọ) mee ka ọ dị mfe. Ọ tụfuru ohere kacha mma ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ nwere iji nweta akara n'oge egwuregwu ahụ. Onye otu ibe ya Kris Commons katọrọ arụmọrụ ya. Ọ bụ ezie na a katọrọ Ambrose, Kelvin Wilson gbachiteere ya, onye kwenyere na Ambrose ga-alaghachi azụ n'omume na-akụda mmụọ ya. Ambrose mere mpụta mbụ ya na asọmpi otu na-esote mgbe ọ gbara Celtic na mmeri 6–2 meriri Dundee United. Neil Lennon toro ọrụ Ambrose (yana Commons).  Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, o mere ngosipụta ọzọ, na 1–1 sere megide St Johnstone. Tupu ụkwụ nke abụọ megide Juventus, Ambrose kwuru na nkatọ Commons kpaliri ya ịghọ onye ọkpụkpọ ka mma. Mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, nke Juventus meriri 2-0 wee banye na nkeji iri na ise, Neil Lennon kwuru na Ambrose abịarutela n'oge maka ọzụzụ ma hapụ ụgbọ ala ndị otu na họtel ma hapụ ya ka ọ nweta tagzi. Lennon kwukwara na Ambrose kwesịrị &quot;ịpụ na ya&quot;.

Ambrose nwetara nkatọ siri ike site n'aka ndị na-akwado ya na ndị ọkachamara maka arụmọrụ na njehie na-adịghị mma ugboro ugboro nke dugara na ebumnuche ndị mmegide.&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;379&quot; href=&quot;./Brendan_Rodgers&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Brendan Rodgers&quot;&gt;Brendan Rodgers' Celtic team selection&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;last&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Verrall&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;first&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;John&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;13 July 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;publisher&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[HITC]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;access-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;4 August 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;archive-url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20160714152452/http://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2016/07/13/john-hartson-criticises-brendan-rodgers-celtic-team-selection/&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;archive-date&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;14&lt;/nowiki&gt; July 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;url-status&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;live&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwBJM\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt74\&quot; class=\&quot;citation news cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;CITEREFVerrall2016\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;Verrall, John (13 July 2016). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-21&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Efe_Ambrose#cite_note-21 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/opinion/sport/hotline/celtic-defender-efe-ambrose-not-8533674|title=Celtic defender Efe Ambrose is not an accident waiting to happen ... he's an accident that's already happened|author=Gannon|first=Michael|date=31 July 2016|work=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]|publisher=[[Trinity Mirror]]|accessdate=4 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2016, mgbe ọ kwụsịrị n'òtù mbụ na Celtic n'okpuru onye njikwa ọhụrụ bụ Brendan Rodgers, Celtic nabatara onyinye £ 300,000 maka Ambrose site na Standard Liège, mana nkwekọrịta ahụ dara mgbe ọ họọrọ ịnọ na Celtic Park.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37239566|title=Celtic: Jozo Simunovic and Efe Ambrose deals fall through|author=Sutherland|first=Jonathan|date=31 August 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=31 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2017, atụmatụ ịgbazinye ego nke Ambrose na Blackburn Rovers dara, mgbe klọb ahụ enweghị ike inweta ikike ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39106836|title=Efe Ambrose: Blackburn cancel Celtic defender's loan move|publisher=BBC Sport|date=27 February 2017|accessdate=27 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301181934/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39106836|archivedate=1 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hibernian ===
Na 28 February 2017, Ambrose sonyeere Hibernian na mbinye ego maka oge fọdụrụnụ. Ambrose gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Hibs na 25 Maachị, goolu mmalite na asọmpi 2–1 Scottish meriri Falkirk. Ọ meriri ihe nrite onye ọkpụkpọ asọmpi nke ọnwa nke Scottish maka Maachị 2017.

Mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Celtic gwụrụ na ngwụcha oge ahụ, Ambrose bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Hibernian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.hibernianfc.co.uk/news/7594|title=Efe Ambrose signs two-year deal with Hibernian|work=Hibernian FC|date=8 June 2017|accessdate=8 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose gosipụtara otu nkwekọrịta na nkwekọrịta ya wee hapụ Hibernian na Jenụwarị 2019, n'agbanyeghị na klọb ahụ nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46759961|title=Hibernian: Efe Ambrose triggers contract clause to leave Easter Road|publisher=BBC Sport|date=4 January 2019|accessdate=4 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124034/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46759961|archivedate=4 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Obodo Derby ===
N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2019, Ambrose gara ikpe na EFL Championship club Derby County . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47169407|title=Efe Ambrose: Derby County take an ex-Celtic and Hibernian defender on trial|publisher=BBC Sport|date=8 February 2019|accessdate=8 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123941/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47169407|archivedate=9 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka e mesịrị n'ọnwa ahụ, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nwa oge na klọb ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47254529|title=Efe Ambrose: Derby County complete deal for former Hibernian defender|publisher=BBC Sport|date=15 February 2019|accessdate=15 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215232420/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47254529|archivedate=15 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Derby County tọhapụrụ ya na ngwụcha oge 2018-19. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48503980|title=Ashley Cole: Former England left-back set to retire after Derby exit|date=3 June 2019|accessdate=4 June 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608031618/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48503980|archivedate=8 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Livingston ===
Mgbe ọtụtụ ọnwa na-enweghị klọb, Ambrose bịanyere aka na Livingston na Febụwarị 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hibs/efe-ambrose-joins-livingston-and-could-make-debut-against-hibs-1848723|title=Efe Ambrose joins Livingston - and could make debut against Hibs|first=Alan|author=Temple|work=Edinburgh Evening News|date=18 February 2020|accessdate=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee 2021, Ambrose bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu ole na ole Livingston tọhapụrụ na ngwụcha oge 2020-21.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bt.com/sport/news/2021/may/efe-ambrose-and-jay-emmanuel-thomas-among-players-released-by-livingston|title=Efe Ambrose and Jay Emmanuel-Thomas among players released by Livingston|work=bt.com|date=18 May 2021|accessdate=22 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== St Johnstone ===
Na Septemba 2021, Ambrose bịanyere aka na St Johnstone nke Scottish Premiership.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=10 September 2021|title=Efe Ambrose Signs For Saints|url=https://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/news/article/efe-ambrose-signs-for-saints|accessdate=10 September 2021|work=perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk|archivedate=10 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910183502/https://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/news/article/efe-ambrose-signs-for-saints}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Dunfermline ====
Na 4 Febụwarị 2022, Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Scottish Championship Dunfermline Athletic na mgbazinye ruo na ngwụcha oge 2021-22. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dafc.co.uk/story.php?t=Efe_Ambrose_arrives_on_loan&amp;ID=13610|title=Efe Ambrose arrives on loan|publisher=Dunfermline Athletic FC|date=4 February 2022|accessdate=4 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Greenock Morton ===
Ambrose bịanyere aka na Greenock Morton na 26 Ọktoba 2022 na nkwekọrịta ruo na ngwụcha oge. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gmfc.net/efe-ambrose-signs-for-morton/|title=Efe Ambrose signs for Morton|publisher=Greenock Morton FC|date=26 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose ga-eme nke mbụ ya megide Inverness Caledonian Thistle, karịsịa ịbụ onye a kpọrọ nwoke nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe Morton meriri 4-0.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Morton up to second after thrashing Inverness|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63339709|accessdate=2023-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose gbakwara goolu mbụ na naanị goolu Morton meriri 2-1 n'ụlọ megide Partick Thistle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Morton beat Thistle to narrow Ayr's lead at top|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63524051|accessdate=2023-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambrose mere ngụkọta nke ugboro iri na anọ maka Morton na asọmpi niile, tupu a mara ọkwa na ọ ga-ahapụ klọb ahụ mgbe nkwekọrịta ya gwụsịrị.

=== Eze Nwanyị nke Ndịda ===
Na 25 Julaị 2023, Ambrose bịanyere aka na Queen of the South ruo 31 Disemba 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/news-6145|title=QosFC: Welcome - Efe Ambrose}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ebe a na-eli ozu ===
Na 8 June 2024, Ambrose sonyeere North West Counties Football League Premier Division nke Bury.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://buryfc.co.uk/incoming-efe-ambrose/|title=Incoming: Efe Ambrose|work=buryfc.co.uk|date=8 June 2024|accessdate=8 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, Bury kwupụtara na Ambrose ga-ahapụ klọb ahụ Igbe FA gachara egwuregwu FA Vase n'ụbọchị na-esote. Ebe ọ nọgidere na-ebi na Scotland, njem gaa Bury abụghịzi nhọrọ dị mma maka Ambrose na ezinụlọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://buryfc.co.uk/efe-ambrose-departs/|title=Efe Ambrose Departs|work=buryfc.co.uk|date=23 August 2024|accessdate=27 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Workington ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Northern Premier League Premier Division Workington . 

=== Glasgow United ===
Ambrose bịanyere aka na Glasgow United na July 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Efe Ambrose plays for Glasgow United against Ardeer Thistle|url=https://www.ardrossanherald.com/sport/25344845.efe-ambrose-plays-glasgow-united-ardeer-thistle/|publisher=Ardrossan Herald|date=28 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Ambrose bụ onye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naijiria na 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup na Canada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Flying Eagles' Star Class of 2007: Where Are They Now? {{!}} Wolexis Sports Blog|url=http://www.wolexis.com/2016/01/flying-eagles-star-class-of-2007-where.html|work=www.wolexis.com|accessdate=15 January 2016|date=15 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118021925/http://www.wolexis.com/2016/01/flying-eagles-star-class-of-2007-where.html|archivedate=18 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273291/index.html|title=FIFA Tournaments|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=2 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702081204/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273291/index.html|archivedate=2 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara nọchite anya Naijiria U-23 ma gbaa egwuregwu abụọ na 2008 Summer Olympics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/10072008/news/sports7.html|title=Sports 7|accessdate=9 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216235610/http://www.tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/|archivedate=16 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113015637/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20970786|archivedate=13 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Africa Cup of Nations, Ambrose gbara ise n'ime egwuregwu isii maka Naịjirịa, na-egwuri egwu n'ọnọdụ azụ aka nri, gụnyere nke ikpeazụ nke ọ malitere. Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gasịrị, a kpọrọ Ambrose aha na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mikel, Moses, Emenike, Pitroipa named in CAF Team of Tournament|url=http://premiumtimesng.com/sports/119745-mikel-moses-emenike-pitroipa-named-in-caf-team-of-tournament.html|publisher=[[Premium Times]] Nigeria|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=13 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose na-ekwu na mmeri nke Africa Cup of Nations bụ nnukwu ihe ọ rụzuru na otu n'ime oge kachasị ukwuu nke ndụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ambrose: We leave as giants|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=2010179/?intcmp=newsreader_news_box_3|publisher=FIFA.com|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=13 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613165542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22827902|archivedate=13 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 2014 FIFA World Cup . A họpụtabeghị Ambrose kemgbe 2016, n'ihi na ọ tụfuru ọnọdụ ya na Celtic. Ọ na-egwuri egwu mgbe niile maka Hibernian n'oge oge 2017-18, mana echetaghị ya maka ndị otu 2018 FIFA World Cup. &lt;ref name=&quot;2018 world cup&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hibs/cammy-bell-departs-hibs-as-efe-ambrose-call-is-slammed-1-4741672|title=Cammy Bell departs Hibs as Efe Ambrose call is slammed|work=Edinburgh Evening News|first=Anthony|author=Brown|date=19 May 2018|accessdate=19 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye bụbu onye njikwa Naijiria bụ Samson Siasia katọrọ mkpebi a, onye chere na ahụmịhe Ambrose ga-aba uru.&lt;ref name=&quot;2018 world cup&quot; /&gt;

== Ụdị egwuregwu ==
Ambrose na-egwuri egwu mgbe niile dị ka onye na-agbachitere ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa ma nwee ike igwu egwu dị ka onye nọ n'etiti ma ọ bụ n'azụ aka nri, na-eme ya na Israel Premier League na FC Ashdod .  A na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti, a maara Efe maka ịdị jụụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fisher|first=Stewart|title=Ambrose and Wilson making strong case for the Celtic Defence|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/ambrose-and-wilson-making-strong-case-for-the-celtic-defence.19253437|work=Herald Scotland|accessdate=6 December 2013|date=25 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-emekarị somersault mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Somersault&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;falkirk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39313250|title=Hibernian 2–1 Falkirk|publisher=BBC Sport|first=Brian|author=McLauchlin|date=25 March 2017|accessdate=25 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325152602/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39313250|archivedate=25 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://stv.tv/sport/football/clubs/celtic/195770-neil-lennon-holds-breath-over-efe-ambroses-somersault-celebration/|title=Neil Lennon holds breath over Efe Ambrose's somersault celebration|publisher=STV Sport|date=20 October 2012|accessdate=25 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326135524/https://stv.tv/sport/football/clubs/celtic/195770-neil-lennon-holds-breath-over-efe-ambroses-somersault-celebration/|archivedate=26 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
[[w:updated|2 October 2021]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerbase|id=67424|name=Efe Ambrose}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ashdod
|2010–11
|Njikọ Premier nke Israel
|31
|1
|6
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|39
|1
|-
|2011–12
|Njikọ Premier nke Israel
|35
|2
|1
|0
|4
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|40
|4
|-
|2012–13
|Njikọ Premier nke Israel
|1
|0
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!67
!3
!10
!0
!6
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!83
!5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Ndị Celt
|2012–13
|Njikọ Premier nke Scotland
|27
|3
|5
|0
|2
|0
|7[a]
|0
|41
|3
|-
|2013–14
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|38
|2
|2
|0
|1
|0
|10[a]
|1
|51
|3
|-
|2014–15
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|27
|0
|3
|0
|2
|0
|11[b]
|0
|43
|0
|-
|2015–16
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|21
|0
|2
|0
|2
|0
|6[c]
|0
|31
|0
|-
|2016–17
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|2[d]
|0
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!113
!5
!12
!0
!7
!0
!36
!1
!168
!6
|-
|Hibernian (onye a gbazitere) 
|2016–17
|Mmeri Scotland
|10
|1
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|12
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Hibernian
|2017–18
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|38
|2
|1
|0
|6
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|45
|3
|-
|2018–19
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|21
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|6[e]
|2
|29
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!59
!2
!1
!0
!8
!1
!6
!2
!74
!5
|-
|Obodo Derby
|2018–19
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Livingston
|2019–20
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|0
|-
|2020–21
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|22
|0
|0
|0
|6
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!25
!0
!0
!0
!6
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!31
!0
|-
|St Johnstone
|2021–22
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|3
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!274
!11
!25
!0
!27
!3
!42
!3
!368
!17
|}
 

=== Mpụta mba ụwa ===
[[w:updated|match played 29 March 2016]] &lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player |id=3850|name=Ambrose, Efe  |access-date=13 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2008
|1
|0
|-
|2009
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |&amp;#x2D;
|-
|2010
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |&amp;#x2D;
|-
|2011
|10
|0
|-
|2012
|5
|1
|-
|2013
|17
|0
|-
|2014
|13
|1
|-
|2015
|3
|2
|-
|2016
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!51
!4
|}

=== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa ===

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!#
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe a na-anọ
!Onye mmegide
!Ihe ruru
!Nsonaazụ
!Ịsọ mpi
|-
|1.
|13 Ọktoba 2012
|U.J. Esuene Stadium, [[Calabar]], Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]
| Liberia
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6–1
|2013 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
|2.
|6 Septemba 2014
|U.J. Esuene Stadium, Calabar, Nigeria
| Congo
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–3
|2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
|3.
|11 Ọktoba 2015
|Edmond Machtens Stadium, Brussels, [[Belgium]]
| Cameroon
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
|4.
|17 Nọvemba 2015
|[[Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium]], Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| Swaziland
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
|2018 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Bayelsa'''

* Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria: 2008-09

* Iko Mba Naịjirịa: 2010

* Onye isi ala Scotland: 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-162015–16
* Iko Scotland: 2012-13&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hibernian 0–3 Celtic|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22585339|publisher=BBC Sport|author=Lamont|first=Alasdair|date=26 May 2013|accessdate=2 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316081014/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22585339|archivedate=16 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Iko Njikọ Scotland: 2014-15&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dundee United 0–2 Celtic|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31785677|publisher=BBC Sport|author=Wilson|first=Richard|date=15 March 2015|accessdate=2 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003180004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31785677|archivedate=3 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Mmeri Scotland: 2016-17&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC39536738&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39536738|title=Hibernian 3–0 Queen of the South|first=Brian|author=McLauchlin|publisher=BBC Sport|date=15 April 2017|accessdate=16 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415171226/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39536738|archivedate=15 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.deadlinenews.co.uk/2017/04/27/hibs-defender-efe-ambrose-qualifies-collect-championship-winners-medal-missing-medal-celtic/?platform=hootsuite|title=Hibs defender Efe Ambrose qualifies to collect Championship winner's medal after missing out on medal at Celtic|first=Darren|author=Johnstone|work=Deadline News|date=27 April 2017|accessdate=28 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021190844/http://www.deadlinenews.co.uk/2017/04/27/hibs-defender-efe-ambrose-qualifies-collect-championship-winners-medal-missing-medal-celtic/?platform=hootsuite|archivedate=21 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013

* UEFA Champions League Team of the Week: (Izu 3, 2012-13) 
* Africa Cup of Nations Team nke asọmpi ahụ: 2013&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Orange CAF Africa Cup of Nations Awards|url=http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213062408/http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archivedate=13 February 2013|accessdate=10 February 2013|publisher=Orange Africa Cup of Nations South Africa 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;

* Aga m agba goolu ndị ọzọ maka Eagles - Ambrose E debere ya na  Wayback Machine
* Efe Ambrosen'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
* Efe Ambrosena National-Football-Teams.com
* Efe AmbrosenaESPN FC 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ambrose, Efe}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Efe Eric Ambrose''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Obefelix-Efe Ambrose.wav|Mkpọpụta}} (amụrụ n'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1988) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere Port Glasgow. Ambrose agbaala bọọlụ maka Kaduna United, Bayelsa United, klọb Israel Ashdod, klọbu Scotland Celtic, Hibernian, Livingston, St Johnstone na Dunfermline Athletic, Greenock Morton na klọb English Derby County.

Ambrose agbaala bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa, ọ nọchitekwara anya Naịjiria na FIFA Under-20 World Cup, Summer Olympics, Africa Cup of Nations, na FIFA World Cup.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
Ambrose malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Kaduna United na 2006 ma afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, a gbazinyere ya Bayelsa United maka oge 2008-09 mana ọ nọgidere na KadunaUnited mgbe o nyesịrị ha aka inweta nkwalite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200809120376.html|title=Nigeria: Bayelsa Grab Ambrose, Keep Okonkwo|date=12 September 2008|accessdate=5 May 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007232840/http://allafrica.com/stories/200809120376.html|archivedate=7 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== FC Ashdod ===

=== Ndị Celt ===
Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Scottish Premier League Celtic n'ụbọchị a kara aka n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2012, na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19441365|title=Celtic: Efe Ambrose completes move from Ashdod|publisher=BBC Sport|date=31 August 2012|accessdate=2 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ sonyeere klọb ahụ, Ambrose toro ndị otu ọhụrụ ya na Celtic maka inyere ya aka ibi na Glasgow ngwa ngwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose thanks his teammates for helping him settle in at Celtic Park|url=http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/celtic/192046-efe-ambrose-thanks-his-teammates-for-helping-him-settle-in-at-celtic-park/|publisher=STV Sport|date=26 September 2012|accessdate=27 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose kpughekwara na ọ mụrụ bọọlụ Britain iji sonye na Celtic site n'ịhụ egwuregwu Scottish Premier League na English Premier League na TV mgbe ọ nụrụ banyere mmasị Celtic nwere n'ebe ọ nọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose reveals he studied British football ahead of move to Celtic|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/efe-ambrose-reveals-he-studied-british-1345488|work=Daily Record|date=27 September 2012|accessdate=27 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambrose mere nke mbụ ya na 22 Septemba 2012 dị ka onye nọchiri onye isi Celtic Scott Brown megide Dundee na Scottish Premier League, mmeri 2-0.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Efe Ambrose|url=http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player.php?playerid=3073|publisher=Fitba Stats|accessdate=28 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915152458/http://www.fitbastats.com/celtic/player.php?playerid=3073|archivedate=15 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Egbe|first=Uche George|title=Ambrose debuts in Scotland|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/30472/ambrose-efe-debuts-in-scotland-for-celtic|work=Kick Off|accessdate=28 May 2014|date=23 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127011705/http://www.kickoff.com/news/30472/ambrose-efe-debuts-in-scotland-for-celtic|archivedate=27 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya zuru oke megide Raith Rovers na Scottish League Cup, na mmeri 4-1. Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Celtic na mmeri 5-0 megide St Mirren na 20 Ọktoba 2012, na-eme emume goolu ahụ site na somersault anọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Somersault&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19939572|title=St Mirren 0–5 Celtic|publisher=BBC Sport|date=20 October 2012|accessdate=25 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose gara n'ihu mee egwuregwu Champions League mbụ ya maka Celtic, ebe ọ gbara nkeji 90 na mmeri 3-2 megide Spartak Moscow.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose's Celtic shock Spartak|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/europe/uefa-champions-league/news/2012/oct/02-efe-ambroses-celtic-shock-spartak.html|work=MTN Football|date=2 October 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchoị nke anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2012, Ambrose gbara goolu nke ya, na 2-2 draw megide Dundee United. Mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, Ambrose kwuru na ọ dara ala ma chee na ọ gaara ewepụ bọọlụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Celtic's Efe Ambrose pledges to make amends for last minute Tannadice shocker|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/celtics-efe-ambrose-pledges-to-make-1419159|work=Daily Record|date=6 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị asaa n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2012, n'ihu egwuregwu Champions League megide Barcelona, Ambrose kwere nkwa inye klọb ahụ arụmọrụ kachasị mma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=I will play the 'game of my life' against Barcelona, says Celtic defender Ambrose|url=http://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/2914/champions-league/2012/11/07/3508603/i-will-play-the-game-of-my-life-against-barcelona-says|work=Goal.com|date=7 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ndị egwuregwu Celtic rụchara ọrụ dị egwu, ha meriri 2-1 ma Ambrose kwuru na imeri Barcelona bụ 'ụzọ zuru oke iji mee emume ncheta afọ 125 nke Celtic. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Efe Ambrose: Celtic win over Barca was perfect 125th birthday pressie|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/efe-ambrose-celtic-win-over-1426600|work=Daily Record|date=9 November 2012|accessdate=9 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'asọmpi otu Champions League, Celtic tozuru oke n'ọkwa knockout wee zute otu Juventus nke Italy. N'ụkwụ nke mbụ, a kpọrọ Ambrose aha n'òtù ndị ahụ tupu egwuregwu ahụ, nanị ụbọchị atọ ka Nigeria nwesịrị iko mba Africa, Ambrose kpọkwara nkeji 90 zuru ezu n'ikpeazụ.[1] Otú ọ dị, Ambrose mehiere ọtụtụ ihe n'oge egwuregwu ahụ, na-ekwe ka Alessandro Matri (ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ) na Mirko Vučinić (ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke atọ) mee ka ọ dị mfe. Ọ tụfuru ohere kacha mma ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ nwere iji nweta akara n'oge egwuregwu ahụ. Onye otu ibe ya Kris Commons katọrọ arụmọrụ ya. Ọ bụ ezie na a katọrọ Ambrose, Kelvin Wilson gbachiteere ya, onye kwenyere na Ambrose ga-alaghachi azụ n'omume na-akụda mmụọ ya. Ambrose mere mpụta mbụ ya na asọmpi otu na-esote mgbe ọ gbara Celtic na mmeri 6–2 meriri Dundee United. Neil Lennon toro ọrụ Ambrose (yana Commons).  Ụbọchị atọ ka e mesịrị, o mere ngosipụta ọzọ, na 1–1 sere megide St Johnstone. Tupu ụkwụ nke abụọ megide Juventus, Ambrose kwuru na nkatọ Commons kpaliri ya ịghọ onye ọkpụkpọ ka mma. Mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, nke Juventus meriri 2-0 wee banye na nkeji iri na ise, Neil Lennon kwuru na Ambrose abịarutela n'oge maka ọzụzụ ma hapụ ụgbọ ala ndị otu na họtel ma hapụ ya ka ọ nweta tagzi. Lennon kwukwara na Ambrose kwesịrị &quot;ịpụ na ya&quot;.

Ambrose nwetara nkatọ siri ike site n'aka ndị na-akwado ya na ndị ọkachamara maka arụmọrụ na njehie na-adịghị mma ugboro ugboro nke dugara na ebumnuche ndị mmegide.&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; cx-link=&quot;&quot; data-linkid=&quot;379&quot; href=&quot;./Brendan_Rodgers&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Brendan Rodgers&quot;&gt;Brendan Rodgers' Celtic team selection&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;last&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Verrall&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;first&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;John&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;13 July 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;publisher&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[HITC]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;access-date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;4 August 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;archive-url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20160714152452/http://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2016/07/13/john-hartson-criticises-brendan-rodgers-celtic-team-selection/&amp;amp;quot;},&amp;amp;quot;archive-date&amp;amp;quot;:{&amp;amp;quot;wt&amp;amp;quot;:&amp;amp;quot;14&lt;/nowiki&gt; July 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;url-status&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;live&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwBJM\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt74\&quot; class=\&quot;citation news cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;CITEREFVerrall2016\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;Verrall, John (13 July 2016). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-21&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Efe_Ambrose#cite_note-21 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/opinion/sport/hotline/celtic-defender-efe-ambrose-not-8533674|title=Celtic defender Efe Ambrose is not an accident waiting to happen ... he's an accident that's already happened|author=Gannon|first=Michael|date=31 July 2016|work=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]|publisher=[[Trinity Mirror]]|accessdate=4 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri atọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2016, mgbe ọ kwụsịrị n'òtù mbụ na Celtic n'okpuru onye njikwa ọhụrụ bụ Brendan Rodgers, Celtic nabatara onyinye £ 300,000 maka Ambrose site na Standard Liège, mana nkwekọrịta ahụ dara mgbe ọ họọrọ ịnọ na Celtic Park.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37239566|title=Celtic: Jozo Simunovic and Efe Ambrose deals fall through|author=Sutherland|first=Jonathan|date=31 August 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=31 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2017, atụmatụ ịgbazinye ego nke Ambrose na Blackburn Rovers dara, mgbe klọb ahụ enweghị ike inweta ikike ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39106836|title=Efe Ambrose: Blackburn cancel Celtic defender's loan move|publisher=BBC Sport|date=27 February 2017|accessdate=27 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301181934/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39106836|archivedate=1 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hibernian ===
Na 28 February 2017, Ambrose sonyeere Hibernian na mbinye ego maka oge fọdụrụnụ. Ambrose gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Hibs na 25 Maachị, goolu mmalite na asọmpi 2–1 Scottish meriri Falkirk. Ọ meriri ihe nrite onye ọkpụkpọ asọmpi nke ọnwa nke Scottish maka Maachị 2017.

Mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Celtic gwụrụ na ngwụcha oge ahụ, Ambrose bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Hibernian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.hibernianfc.co.uk/news/7594|title=Efe Ambrose signs two-year deal with Hibernian|work=Hibernian FC|date=8 June 2017|accessdate=8 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose gosipụtara otu nkwekọrịta na nkwekọrịta ya wee hapụ Hibernian na Jenụwarị 2019, n'agbanyeghị na klọb ahụ nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46759961|title=Hibernian: Efe Ambrose triggers contract clause to leave Easter Road|publisher=BBC Sport|date=4 January 2019|accessdate=4 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104124034/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46759961|archivedate=4 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Obodo Derby ===
N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2019, Ambrose gara ikpe na EFL Championship club Derby County . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47169407|title=Efe Ambrose: Derby County take an ex-Celtic and Hibernian defender on trial|publisher=BBC Sport|date=8 February 2019|accessdate=8 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209123941/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47169407|archivedate=9 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka e mesịrị n'ọnwa ahụ, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nwa oge na klọb ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47254529|title=Efe Ambrose: Derby County complete deal for former Hibernian defender|publisher=BBC Sport|date=15 February 2019|accessdate=15 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215232420/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47254529|archivedate=15 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Derby County tọhapụrụ ya na ngwụcha oge 2018-19. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48503980|title=Ashley Cole: Former England left-back set to retire after Derby exit|date=3 June 2019|accessdate=4 June 2019|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608031618/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48503980|archivedate=8 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Livingston ===
Mgbe ọtụtụ ọnwa na-enweghị klọb, Ambrose bịanyere aka na Livingston na Febụwarị 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hibs/efe-ambrose-joins-livingston-and-could-make-debut-against-hibs-1848723|title=Efe Ambrose joins Livingston - and could make debut against Hibs|first=Alan|author=Temple|work=Edinburgh Evening News|date=18 February 2020|accessdate=18 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee 2021, Ambrose bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu ole na ole Livingston tọhapụrụ na ngwụcha oge 2020-21.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bt.com/sport/news/2021/may/efe-ambrose-and-jay-emmanuel-thomas-among-players-released-by-livingston|title=Efe Ambrose and Jay Emmanuel-Thomas among players released by Livingston|work=bt.com|date=18 May 2021|accessdate=22 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== St Johnstone ===
Na Septemba 2021, Ambrose bịanyere aka na St Johnstone nke Scottish Premiership.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=10 September 2021|title=Efe Ambrose Signs For Saints|url=https://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/news/article/efe-ambrose-signs-for-saints|accessdate=10 September 2021|work=perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk|archivedate=10 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910183502/https://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/news/article/efe-ambrose-signs-for-saints}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Dunfermline ====
Na 4 Febụwarị 2022, Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Scottish Championship Dunfermline Athletic na mgbazinye ruo na ngwụcha oge 2021-22. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dafc.co.uk/story.php?t=Efe_Ambrose_arrives_on_loan&amp;ID=13610|title=Efe Ambrose arrives on loan|publisher=Dunfermline Athletic FC|date=4 February 2022|accessdate=4 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Greenock Morton ===
Ambrose bịanyere aka na Greenock Morton na 26 Ọktoba 2022 na nkwekọrịta ruo na ngwụcha oge. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gmfc.net/efe-ambrose-signs-for-morton/|title=Efe Ambrose signs for Morton|publisher=Greenock Morton FC|date=26 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose ga-eme nke mbụ ya megide Inverness Caledonian Thistle, karịsịa ịbụ onye a kpọrọ nwoke nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe Morton meriri 4-0.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Morton up to second after thrashing Inverness|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63339709|accessdate=2023-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose gbakwara goolu mbụ na naanị goolu Morton meriri 2-1 n'ụlọ megide Partick Thistle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Morton beat Thistle to narrow Ayr's lead at top|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63524051|accessdate=2023-07-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambrose mere ngụkọta nke ugboro iri na anọ maka Morton na asọmpi niile, tupu a mara ọkwa na ọ ga-ahapụ klọb ahụ mgbe nkwekọrịta ya gwụsịrị.

=== Eze Nwanyị nke Ndịda ===
Na 25 Julaị 2023, Ambrose bịanyere aka na Queen of the South ruo 31 Disemba 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://qosfc.com/news-6145|title=QosFC: Welcome - Efe Ambrose}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ebe a na-eli ozu ===
Na 8 June 2024, Ambrose sonyeere North West Counties Football League Premier Division nke Bury.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://buryfc.co.uk/incoming-efe-ambrose/|title=Incoming: Efe Ambrose|work=buryfc.co.uk|date=8 June 2024|accessdate=8 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, Bury kwupụtara na Ambrose ga-ahapụ klọb ahụ Igbe FA gachara egwuregwu FA Vase n'ụbọchị na-esote. Ebe ọ nọgidere na-ebi na Scotland, njem gaa Bury abụghịzi nhọrọ dị mma maka Ambrose na ezinụlọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://buryfc.co.uk/efe-ambrose-departs/|title=Efe Ambrose Departs|work=buryfc.co.uk|date=23 August 2024|accessdate=27 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Workington ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, Ambrose sonyeere otu egwuregwu Northern Premier League Premier Division Workington . 

=== Glasgow United ===
Ambrose bịanyere aka na Glasgow United na July 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Efe Ambrose plays for Glasgow United against Ardeer Thistle|url=https://www.ardrossanherald.com/sport/25344845.efe-ambrose-plays-glasgow-united-ardeer-thistle/|publisher=Ardrossan Herald|date=28 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Ambrose bụ onye otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naijiria na 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup na Canada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Flying Eagles' Star Class of 2007: Where Are They Now? {{!}} Wolexis Sports Blog|url=http://www.wolexis.com/2016/01/flying-eagles-star-class-of-2007-where.html|work=www.wolexis.com|accessdate=15 January 2016|date=15 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118021925/http://www.wolexis.com/2016/01/flying-eagles-star-class-of-2007-where.html|archivedate=18 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273291/index.html|title=FIFA Tournaments|work=FIFA.com|accessdate=2 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702081204/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=273291/index.html|archivedate=2 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara nọchite anya Naijiria U-23 ma gbaa egwuregwu abụọ na 2008 Summer Olympics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/10072008/news/sports7.html|title=Sports 7|accessdate=9 September 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216235610/http://www.tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/|archivedate=16 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113015637/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20970786|archivedate=13 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Africa Cup of Nations, Ambrose gbara ise n'ime egwuregwu isii maka Naịjirịa, na-egwuri egwu n'ọnọdụ azụ aka nri, gụnyere nke ikpeazụ nke ọ malitere. Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gasịrị, a kpọrọ Ambrose aha na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mikel, Moses, Emenike, Pitroipa named in CAF Team of Tournament|url=http://premiumtimesng.com/sports/119745-mikel-moses-emenike-pitroipa-named-in-caf-team-of-tournament.html|publisher=[[Premium Times]] Nigeria|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=13 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambrose na-ekwu na mmeri nke Africa Cup of Nations bụ nnukwu ihe ọ rụzuru na otu n'ime oge kachasị ukwuu nke ndụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ambrose: We leave as giants|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=2010179/?intcmp=newsreader_news_box_3|publisher=FIFA.com|date=11 February 2013|accessdate=13 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613165542/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/22827902|archivedate=13 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 2014 FIFA World Cup . A họpụtabeghị Ambrose kemgbe 2016, n'ihi na ọ tụfuru ọnọdụ ya na Celtic. Ọ na-egwuri egwu mgbe niile maka Hibernian n'oge oge 2017-18, mana echetaghị ya maka ndị otu 2018 FIFA World Cup. &lt;ref name=&quot;2018 world cup&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hibs/cammy-bell-departs-hibs-as-efe-ambrose-call-is-slammed-1-4741672|title=Cammy Bell departs Hibs as Efe Ambrose call is slammed|work=Edinburgh Evening News|first=Anthony|author=Brown|date=19 May 2018|accessdate=19 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye bụbu onye njikwa Naijiria bụ Samson Siasia katọrọ mkpebi a, onye chere na ahụmịhe Ambrose ga-aba uru.&lt;ref name=&quot;2018 world cup&quot; /&gt;

== Ụdị egwuregwu ==
Ambrose na-egwuri egwu mgbe niile dị ka onye na-agbachitere ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naịjirịa ma nwee ike igwu egwu dị ka onye nọ n'etiti ma ọ bụ n'azụ aka nri, na-eme ya na Israel Premier League na FC Ashdod .  A na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti, a maara Efe maka ịdị jụụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fisher|first=Stewart|title=Ambrose and Wilson making strong case for the Celtic Defence|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/football/ambrose-and-wilson-making-strong-case-for-the-celtic-defence.19253437|work=Herald Scotland|accessdate=6 December 2013|date=25 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-emekarị somersault mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Somersault&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;falkirk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39313250|title=Hibernian 2–1 Falkirk|publisher=BBC Sport|first=Brian|author=McLauchlin|date=25 March 2017|accessdate=25 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325152602/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39313250|archivedate=25 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://stv.tv/sport/football/clubs/celtic/195770-neil-lennon-holds-breath-over-efe-ambroses-somersault-celebration/|title=Neil Lennon holds breath over Efe Ambrose's somersault celebration|publisher=STV Sport|date=20 October 2012|accessdate=25 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326135524/https://stv.tv/sport/football/clubs/celtic/195770-neil-lennon-holds-breath-over-efe-ambroses-somersault-celebration/|archivedate=26 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
[[w:updated|2 October 2021]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerbase|id=67424|name=Efe Ambrose}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ashdod
|2010–11
|Njikọ Premier nke Israel
|31
|1
|6
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|39
|1
|-
|2011–12
|Njikọ Premier nke Israel
|35
|2
|1
|0
|4
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|40
|4
|-
|2012–13
|Njikọ Premier nke Israel
|1
|0
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!67
!3
!10
!0
!6
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!83
!5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Ndị Celt
|2012–13
|Njikọ Premier nke Scotland
|27
|3
|5
|0
|2
|0
|7[a]
|0
|41
|3
|-
|2013–14
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|38
|2
|2
|0
|1
|0
|10[a]
|1
|51
|3
|-
|2014–15
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|27
|0
|3
|0
|2
|0
|11[b]
|0
|43
|0
|-
|2015–16
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|21
|0
|2
|0
|2
|0
|6[c]
|0
|31
|0
|-
|2016–17
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|2[d]
|0
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!113
!5
!12
!0
!7
!0
!36
!1
!168
!6
|-
|Hibernian (onye a gbazitere) 
|2016–17
|Mmeri Scotland
|10
|1
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|12
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Hibernian
|2017–18
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|38
|2
|1
|0
|6
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|45
|3
|-
|2018–19
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|21
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|6[e]
|2
|29
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!59
!2
!1
!0
!8
!1
!6
!2
!74
!5
|-
|Obodo Derby
|2018–19
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Livingston
|2019–20
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|0
|-
|2020–21
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|22
|0
|0
|0
|6
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!25
!0
!0
!0
!6
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!31
!0
|-
|St Johnstone
|2021–22
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|3
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!274
!11
!25
!0
!27
!3
!42
!3
!368
!17
|}
 

=== Mpụta mba ụwa ===
[[w:updated|match played 29 March 2016]] &lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player |id=3850|name=Ambrose, Efe  |access-date=13 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2008
|1
|0
|-
|2009
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |&amp;#x2D;
|-
|2010
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |&amp;#x2D;
|-
|2011
|10
|0
|-
|2012
|5
|1
|-
|2013
|17
|0
|-
|2014
|13
|1
|-
|2015
|3
|2
|-
|2016
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!51
!4
|}

=== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa ===

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!#
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe a na-anọ
!Onye mmegide
!Ihe ruru
!Nsonaazụ
!Ịsọ mpi
|-
|1.
|13 Ọktoba 2012
|U.J. Esuene Stadium, [[Calabar]], Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]
| Liberia
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6–1
|2013 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
|2.
|6 Septemba 2014
|U.J. Esuene Stadium, Calabar, Nigeria
| Congo
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–3
|2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
|3.
|11 Ọktoba 2015
|Edmond Machtens Stadium, Brussels, [[Belgium]]
| Cameroon
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
|4.
|17 Nọvemba 2015
|[[Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium]], Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| Swaziland
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
|2018 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Bayelsa'''

* Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria: 2008-09

* Iko Mba Naịjirịa: 2010

* Onye isi ala Scotland: 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-162015–16
* Iko Scotland: 2012-13&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hibernian 0–3 Celtic|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22585339|publisher=BBC Sport|author=Lamont|first=Alasdair|date=26 May 2013|accessdate=2 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316081014/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22585339|archivedate=16 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Iko Njikọ Scotland: 2014-15&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dundee United 0–2 Celtic|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31785677|publisher=BBC Sport|author=Wilson|first=Richard|date=15 March 2015|accessdate=2 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003180004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31785677|archivedate=3 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Mmeri Scotland: 2016-17&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC39536738&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39536738|title=Hibernian 3–0 Queen of the South|first=Brian|author=McLauchlin|publisher=BBC Sport|date=15 April 2017|accessdate=16 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415171226/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/39536738|archivedate=15 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.deadlinenews.co.uk/2017/04/27/hibs-defender-efe-ambrose-qualifies-collect-championship-winners-medal-missing-medal-celtic/?platform=hootsuite|title=Hibs defender Efe Ambrose qualifies to collect Championship winner's medal after missing out on medal at Celtic|first=Darren|author=Johnstone|work=Deadline News|date=27 April 2017|accessdate=28 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021190844/http://www.deadlinenews.co.uk/2017/04/27/hibs-defender-efe-ambrose-qualifies-collect-championship-winners-medal-missing-medal-celtic/?platform=hootsuite|archivedate=21 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013

* UEFA Champions League Team of the Week: (Izu 3, 2012-13) 
* Africa Cup of Nations Team nke asọmpi ahụ: 2013&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Orange CAF Africa Cup of Nations Awards|url=http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213062408/http://www.afcon2013online.com/index.php/news1/711-orange-caf-africa-cup-of-nations-awards|archivedate=13 February 2013|accessdate=10 February 2013|publisher=Orange Africa Cup of Nations South Africa 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;

* Aga m agba goolu ndị ọzọ maka Eagles - Ambrose E debere ya na  Wayback Machine
* Efe Ambrosen'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
* Efe Ambrosena National-Football-Teams.com
* Efe AmbrosenaESPN FC 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ambrose, Efe}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>7ipp20t40j44gt51yo91j140exoeehv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ekigho Ehiosun</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75322</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672774</id>
      <parentid>671974</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:39:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>672774</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6784" sha1="naldfs1059gjec21pdji9x0mptrsaub" xml:space="preserve">[[w:updated|match played 17 May 2019]] {{cite web|title=E.Ehiosun|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/ekigho-ehiosun/176152/|website=soccerway.com|publisher=Soccerway|accessdate=22 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.national-football-teams.com/player/41938/Ekigho_Ehiosun.html|title=Ekigho Ehiosun |website=National-Football-Teams.com |access-date=22 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
'''Ekigho Ehiosun''' (onye a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 25 n'ọnwa Juun n'afọ 1990) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa na-agba dị ka onye na-awakpo (striker), ma na-agba maka klọb Hapoel Acre.
== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ehiosun mụrụ na Warri. Ọ hapụrụ Delta United maka ụlọ ịgba egwu Delta State Warri Wolves na 2008. O meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 10 na 2009–10 iji duo klọb ahụ. Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ n'ime oge 2010–11, Ehiosun bụ onye kacha nweta goolu otu egwuregwu nwere goolu asaa, gụnyere okpu okpu megide Sharks FC.

=== Samsunspor ===
N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2011, Ehiosun, kwagara na klọb ndị Turkey bụ Samsunspor na nkwekọrịta otu afọ, yana nhọrọ nke abụọ ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ekigho Ehiosun joins Turkish club|work=africansoccer.weebly.com|url=http://africansoccer.weebly.com/news/ekigho-ehiosun-joins-turkish-club|accessdate=29 October 2014|date=15 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030042427/http://africansoccer.weebly.com/news/ekigho-ehiosun-joins-turkish-club|archivedate=30 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gençlerbirliği ===
N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, otu egwuregwu Turkey bụ Gençlerbirliği bịanyere aka na Ekigho na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ.

=== Gabala ===
N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2014, Ehiosun kwagara Gabala nke Azerbaijan Premier League na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego ogologo oge. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ekigho Ehiosun Joins Gabala On A Season - Long Loan|url=http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=12689|work=allnigeriasoccer.com|publisher=allnigeriasoccer|accessdate=27 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Julaị 2015, Ehiosun gbara arụkwaghịm na Samsunspor na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Official : Ekigho Ehiosun Returns For Third Stint With Samsunspor|url=http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=15660|work=allnigeriasoccer.com/|publisher=All Nigeria Soccer|accessdate=27 November 2015|date=24 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 21 Septemba 2017, Ehiosun bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu na Gabala. &lt;ref name=&quot;Gabala Sign Ehiosun&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ekiqo Ehiosun yenidən Qəbələ də|url=http://gabalafc.az/az/xeber/ekiqo-ehiosun-yeniden-qebele-de-3415|work=gabalafc.az|publisher=Gabala FK|accessdate=21 September 2017|language=Azerbaijani|date=21 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gabala kwupụtara na Ehiosun hapụrụ klọb ahụ na 4 Jenụwarị 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Qəbələ&quot; Endi Hallideylə yollarını ayırdı|url=http://gabalafc.az/az/xeber/qebele-endi-hallideyle-yollarini-ayirdi-3570|work=gabalafc.az|publisher=Gabala FK|language=Azerbaijani|date=4 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ya na ndị otu Naijiria National B nwechara ọzụzụ, akpọrọ ya aha dịka onye nọchiri anya Victor Anichebe na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ndị Eagles na Sierra Leone. Ehiosun gbara egwu nkeji asaa ka ọ bịarutere dị ka onye nọchiri anya ya, wee bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ 58th na akụkọ ntolite Naijiria gbara bọọlụ maka otu mba na mpụta mbụ ya.

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
{{Reflist}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Anụ ọhịa wolf ndị agha
|[[2008–09 Nigeria Premier League|2008–09]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria
|5
|0
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|5
|0
|-
|2009–10
|23
|10
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|23
|10
|-
|2010–11
|12
|7
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!40
!17
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!40
!17
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Samsunspor
|2011–12
|Süper Lig
|31
|9
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|32
|9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Gençlerbirliği
|2012–13
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Süper Lig
|12
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|0
|-
|2013–14
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
|2014–15
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!12
!0
!1
!0
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!13
!0
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Samsunspor (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2013–14
|Njikọ Mbụ nke TFF
|29
|9
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|9
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Gabala (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2014–15
|Njikọ Premier nke Azerbaijan
|29
|6
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|32
|6
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Samsunspor
|2015–16
|Njikọ Mbụ nke TFF
|30
|4
|1
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|5
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Gazişehir Gaziantep
|2016–17
|Njikọ Mbụ nke TFF
|22
|6
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|6
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Gabala
|2017–18
|Njikọ Premier nke Azerbaijan
|6
|0
|1
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|7
|1
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Hapoel Acre
|2018–19
|Njikọ Leumit
|30
|4
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!299
!55
!8
!2
!-
!-
!0
!0
!-
!-
!237
!57
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|-
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|2011
|5
|4
|-
|2012
|1
|1
|-
!Ngụkọta
!6
!5
|}
''Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ziri ezi dị ka egwuregwu a gbara na 23 Mee 2012''

=== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa ===

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;
!Mba
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe a na-anọ
!Onye mmegide
!Ihe ruru
!Nsonaazụ
!Ịsọ mpi
|-
|1.
|9 Febụwarị 2011
|Teslim Balogun Stadium, Lagos, Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]
| Sierra Leone
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ehiosun, Ekigho}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>naldfs1059gjec21pdji9x0mptrsaub</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672781</id>
      <parentid>672774</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:47:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>672781</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6435" sha1="g9os9olw1b3461hvr1w88fdhvoyxsxv" xml:space="preserve">[[w:updated match played 17 May |2019]] 
'''Ekigho Ehiosun''' (onye a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 25 n'ọnwa Juun n'afọ 1990) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa na-agba dị ka onye na-awakpo (striker), ma na-agba maka klọb Hapoel Acre.
== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ehiosun mụrụ na Warri. Ọ hapụrụ Delta United maka ụlọ ịgba egwu Delta State Warri Wolves na 2008. O meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ 10 na 2009–10 iji duo klọb ahụ. Otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ n'ime oge 2010–11, Ehiosun bụ onye kacha nweta goolu otu egwuregwu nwere goolu asaa, gụnyere okpu okpu megide Sharks FC.

=== Samsunspor ===
N'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2011, Ehiosun, kwagara na klọb ndị Turkey bụ Samsunspor na nkwekọrịta otu afọ, yana nhọrọ nke abụọ ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ekigho Ehiosun joins Turkish club|work=africansoccer.weebly.com|url=http://africansoccer.weebly.com/news/ekigho-ehiosun-joins-turkish-club|accessdate=29 October 2014|date=15 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030042427/http://africansoccer.weebly.com/news/ekigho-ehiosun-joins-turkish-club|archivedate=30 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Gençlerbirliği ===
N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, otu egwuregwu Turkey bụ Gençlerbirliği bịanyere aka na Ekigho na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ.

=== Gabala ===
N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2014, Ehiosun kwagara Gabala nke Azerbaijan Premier League na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego ogologo oge. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ekigho Ehiosun Joins Gabala On A Season - Long Loan|url=http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=12689|work=allnigeriasoccer.com|publisher=allnigeriasoccer|accessdate=27 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Julaị 2015, Ehiosun gbara arụkwaghịm na Samsunspor na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Official : Ekigho Ehiosun Returns For Third Stint With Samsunspor|url=http://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=15660|work=allnigeriasoccer.com/|publisher=All Nigeria Soccer|accessdate=27 November 2015|date=24 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 21 Septemba 2017, Ehiosun bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu na Gabala. &lt;ref name=&quot;Gabala Sign Ehiosun&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ekiqo Ehiosun yenidən Qəbələ də|url=http://gabalafc.az/az/xeber/ekiqo-ehiosun-yeniden-qebele-de-3415|work=gabalafc.az|publisher=Gabala FK|accessdate=21 September 2017|language=Azerbaijani|date=21 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gabala kwupụtara na Ehiosun hapụrụ klọb ahụ na 4 Jenụwarị 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Qəbələ&quot; Endi Hallideylə yollarını ayırdı|url=http://gabalafc.az/az/xeber/qebele-endi-hallideyle-yollarini-ayirdi-3570|work=gabalafc.az|publisher=Gabala FK|language=Azerbaijani|date=4 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ya na ndị otu Naijiria National B nwechara ọzụzụ, akpọrọ ya aha dịka onye nọchiri anya Victor Anichebe na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ndị Eagles na Sierra Leone. Ehiosun gbara egwu nkeji asaa ka ọ bịarutere dị ka onye nọchiri anya ya, wee bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ 58th na akụkọ ntolite Naijiria gbara bọọlụ maka otu mba na mpụta mbụ ya.

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
{{Reflist}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Anụ ọhịa wolf ndị agha
|[[2008–09 Nigeria Premier League|2008–09]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Njikọ Premier nke Naijiria
|5
|0
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|5
|0
|-
|2009–10
|23
|10
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|23
|10
|-
|2010–11
|12
|7
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!40
!17
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!40
!17
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Samsunspor
|2011–12
|Süper Lig
|31
|9
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|32
|9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Gençlerbirliği
|2012–13
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Süper Lig
|12
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|0
|-
|2013–14
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
|2014–15
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!12
!0
!1
!0
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!-
!13
!0
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Samsunspor (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2013–14
|Njikọ Mbụ nke TFF
|29
|9
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|9
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Gabala (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2014–15
|Njikọ Premier nke Azerbaijan
|29
|6
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|32
|6
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Samsunspor
|2015–16
|Njikọ Mbụ nke TFF
|30
|4
|1
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|5
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Gazişehir Gaziantep
|2016–17
|Njikọ Mbụ nke TFF
|22
|6
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|6
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Gabala
|2017–18
|Njikọ Premier nke Azerbaijan
|6
|0
|1
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|7
|1
|-
| valign=&quot;center&quot; |Hapoel Acre
|2018–19
|Njikọ Leumit
|30
|4
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!299
!55
!8
!2
!-
!-
!0
!0
!-
!-
!237
!57
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|-
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|2011
|5
|4
|-
|2012
|1
|1
|-
!Ngụkọta
!6
!5
|}
''Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ziri ezi dị ka egwuregwu a gbara na 23 Mee 2012''

=== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa ===

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;
!Mba
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe a na-anọ
!Onye mmegide
!Ihe ruru
!Nsonaazụ
!Ịsọ mpi
|-
|1.
|9 Febụwarị 2011
|Teslim Balogun Stadium, Lagos, Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]
| Sierra Leone
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ehiosun, Ekigho}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>g9os9olw1b3461hvr1w88fdhvoyxsxv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dickson Etuhu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75323</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672689</id>
      <parentid>632335</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T15:26:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Vivian Amalachukwu</username>
        <id>17172</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed reference error</comment>
      <origin>672689</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17497" sha1="2ui4jj308m4wl2puukaznniqcrj532g" xml:space="preserve">
 

Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Premier League maka Manchester City, Sunderland na Fulham, yana na Football League maka Preston North End, Norwich City na Blackburn Rovers. Ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ ikpeazụ nke ọrụ ya na-egwu egwu na [[Sweden]] na AIK na IFK Rössjöholm. [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] meriri ya ugboro iri na itoolu n'agbata afọ 2007 na afọ 2011.

N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019, ụlọ ikpe Sweden mara ya ikpe maka idozi egwuregwu, ma kwuo na ọ ga-eme mkpesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Sport&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929|title=Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player guilty of match-fixing in Sweden|publisher=BBC Sport|date=13 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma ndị na-agbachitere ma ndị ọkàiwu kwuru na ha ga-eme mkpesa banyere ikpe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929|title=Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player's sentence appealed|publisher=BBC Sport|date=14 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 2020, a machibidoro Etuhu ịgba bọọlụ afọ ise na Sweden.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dickson Etuhu handed five-year ban for match-fixing in Sweden|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/apr/16/dickson-etuhu-handed-five-year-ban-for-match-fixing-in-sweden|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=2 January 2022|date=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
A mụrụ Etuhu na [[Kano]]. Ọ malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Manchester City mana ọ pụtara naanị ugboro iri na otu maka klọb ahụ. Ọ bịanyere aka na Preston North End na Jenụwarị 2002 maka £ 300,000 ka akụkụ David Moyes na-achọ imeziwanye site na mmeri ikpeazụ e meriri Bolton n'oge gara aga. Etuhu mere nke mbụ ya na mmeri 1-0 na Bradford City wee gbaa goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na mmeri 4-2 na Sheffield Wednesday otu izu ka e mesịrị. Etuhu ghọrọ onye na-eme ihe mgbe niile n'akụkụ Preston, na-egwuri egwu n'akụkụ Sean Gregan n'etiti etiti na-anọchi Mark Rankine merụrụ ahụ. Ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-agba goolu abụọ ọzọ n'afọ 2001-02 ka Preston mechara ghara inwe onye njikwa David Moyes na Everton na Machị.

Preston malitere oge 2002-03 n'okpuru onye njikwa ọhụrụ Craig Brown na mgbe Etuhu bụ onye mbụ na-ahọrọ na midfield, n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ chọtara onwe ya na n'akụkụ ka Preston gbalịsiri ike ịchọta nkwekọrịta. Etuhu mere ihe ngosi iri atọ na asatọ n'asọmpị niile, gbakwụnye na ọkpụ goolu ya ka Preston gụchara oge ahụ n'ọkwa iri na abụọ. Ụdị Preston gara n'ihu n'ime 2003–04 ka nnukwu mwakpo ha dara ada n'ihi nchebe adịghị mma n'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ mgbanwe ndị ọrụ. Etuhu chọtara onwe ya ọzọ, ya na ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu Preston ndị ọzọ, na na mmalite iri na otu ka Brown na-achọ ịchọta akụkụ ya kacha mma. Etuhu belatara ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngosi 26 ka Preston kwụsịrị 15th na-esote ọkara nke abụọ nke oge nke hụrụ ha n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịdaba na nke ugboro abụọ n'usoro, si na FA Cup na ndị mmegide nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ ka ha meriri 2-1 na Swansea.

2004-05 hụrụ Preston ruo na ngwụcha nke abụọ ha n'ime afọ anọ mana n'agbanyeghị mmalite oge ahụ n'etiti etiti Preston, Etuhu ga-ekere òkè dị nta na mkpọsa ahụ. A chụpụrụ onye njikwa Craig Brown n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2004 ma jiri onye na-enyere ya aka Billy Davies dochie ya, onye mmalite ya na-enweghị mmasị mere ka a chụpụ Etuhu n'elu oche dịka Davies họọrọ Brian O'Neil na Paul McKenna n'etiti etiti n'akụkụ Chris Sedgwick na Eddie Lewis. Ka Preston guzobere na-eburu Etuhu chọtara onwe ya n'èzí ndị otu egwuregwu ahụ kpamkpam mana ka akụkụ ahụ mechiri na playoffs ọ laghachiri n'elu oche na-eme ka ndị ọzọ pụta na egwuregwu asaa ikpeazụ gụnyere mmeri 1-0 na West Ham na Cardiff.

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2005, Etuhu malitere oge nke atọ ya n'usoro n'etiti Preston mana ọdịdị na-enweghị mmasị na ntinye aka nke Adam Nowland na David Jones pụtara na a belatara ya ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2005, Etuhu malitere ịtụle ọdịnihu ya n'ebe ọ na-anọghị na Deepdale n'ihi na ọ naghị eme egwuregwu ugboro ugboro ma na Jenụwarị afọ 2006 ọ bịanyere aka na Norwich maka ịgbazinye ego maka oge fọdụrụ na 2005-06. Na Preston na-etinyeghị nkwekọrịta iji gbochie Etuhu igwu egwu megide klọb nne na nna ya, egwuregwu mbụ ya maka Norwich bụ ihe ijuanya megide Lilywhites na Carrow Road. N'oge egwuregwu ahụ, Etuhu mechiri ọrụ ya na Deepdale site na ihe ịma aka na-adịghị mma nke gbajiri ụkwụ onye na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti Preston bụ Adam Nowland, mmerụ ahụ nke ga-eme ka ọrụ bọọlụ Nowland kwụsị.

Norwich City bịanyere ya aka n'oge nnwale mbufe Jenụwarị maka £ 450,000 mgbe nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego bu ụzọ wetara ya na klọb ahụ. Ọdịdị ya malitere imeziwanye na ngwụcha oge ahụ na mmalite nke mkpọsa 2006-07.

Etuhu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Norwich na mmeri 2-0 megide Torquay United na egwuregwu League Cup na 23 Ọgọst 2006, wee nweta goolu mbụ nke league maka klọb ahụ na 3-3 draw na Southend United na 12 Septemba 2006. N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2006, ọ gbara naanị goolu na mmeri 1-0 megide Cardiff na Carrow Road iji nyere onye njikwa ọhụrụ ya Peter Grant aka imeri egwuregwu mbụ ya n'ụlọ mgbe ọ nọchiri Nigel Worthington.

A kọrọ n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi n'oge Septemba 2006 na mgbe e meriri ya 3-1 na Plymouth Argyle, Etuhu na onye otu ya bụ Youssef Safri gbanwere ọkpọ na bọs ndị otu ahụ na njem ha laghachiri East Anglia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/FOOTBALL-CANARIES-PUNCH-UP-article57470.html|title=FOOTBALL: CANARIES' PUNCH-UP|accessdate=2014-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Etuhu bịanyere aka na Sunderland a na-akwalite ọhụrụ na nkwekọrịta ruru £ 1.5 nde n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/s/sunderland/6902275.stm|title=Sunderland complete Etuhu signing|date=17 July 2007|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2008, Etuhu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Sunderland n'egwuregwu ha na Wigan. O sitere na free kick nke Dean Whitehead na-ese n'ime, na-emeghe akara na mmeri 2-0 nke Latics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/7223968.stm|title=Sunderland 2–0 Wigan|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=9 February 2008|accessdate=14 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Dickson_Etuhu_Fulham.jpg|thumb|Etuhu na Fulham na 2009]]
Na 29 August 2008, Etuhu kwupụtara na ya na-aga ahụike na Premier League club Fulham, tupu ya edebanye aha maka ego nke £ 1.5 nde na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na Craven Cottage.[1]. Etuhu gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya na Fulham na Ista Sunday 2009 megide Manchester City na nkeji 59th nyere Fulham 2–1 ka onye America Clint Dempsey gbachara na nkeji iri ise.

Ọ gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na asọmpi European, nke mbụ ya na Craven Cottage, otu izu ka ọ mụsịrị nwa nwoke mbụ ya, na-aga na mmeri 1-0 maka Fulham megide ndị otu Lithuania FK Vetra. Na 28 Ọgọst 2010, Etuhu zọpụtara ndị otu ya site na ịse Blackpool, wee gbatara na nkeji 87th na eserese 2–2 na Bloomfield Road. Na 18 Septemba 2010, Etuhu gbara bọọlụ megide Blackburn Rovers na Ewood Park na eserese 1–1. Na Septemba 2010, Etuhu bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta afọ atọ, nke ga-edebe ya na Craven Cottage ruo oge okpomọkụ nke 2014. O mere ngosi 50th Premier League megide Newcastle United, na 0-0 na-ese na 13 November, mgbe ọ bịara dịka onye nnọchiteanya Zoltan Gera, na nkeji 69th nke egwuregwu ahụ na St James' Park. Etuhu gbara Fulham goolu nke ise ya mgbe ọ gbara nke abụọ na mmeri 6–2 meriri Peterborough United na 8 Jenụwarị 2011 na agba nke atọ nke iko FA. Na 5 Maachị, ọ malitere wee kpọọ nkeji 90 zuru ezu na mmeri 3–2 meriri Blackburn. Na 3 Eprel, ọ gbara na nkeji 72, nke onye mgbachitere Brede Hangeland nyere aka na mmeri Blackpool 3–0 na Craven Cottage. Na 9 Eprel, ọ malitere na mmeri 2–0 meriri Manchester United na Old Trafford tupu Zoltán Gera dochie ya na nkeji 67th.

N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Fulham kwupụtara na Etuhu ahapụla klọb ahụ iji sonyere Danny Murphy na Blackburn Rovers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/Club/News/NewsArticles/2012/August/PlayerDepartures.aspx|title=Player Departures|publisher=Fulham FC|accessdate=12 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805234708/http://www.fulhamfc.com/Club/News/NewsArticles/2012/August/PlayerDepartures.aspx|archivedate=5 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Blackburn Rovers ===
N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Etuhu sonyeere Blackburn Rovers na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ maka ego a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rovers.co.uk/news/article/rovers-seal-etuhu-deal-290547.aspx|title=Rovers seal Etuhu deal|publisher=Blackburn Rovers FC|accessdate=12 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Blackburn na 29 Septemba 2012 megide Charlton Athletic . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19684223|title=Charlton 1–1 Blackburn|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=29 September 2012|accessdate=5 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== AIK ===
Na 23 Disemba 2014, a mara ọkwa na Swedish AIK nke Allsvenskan nwetara ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya n'efu na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=8985|title=AIK Fotboll värvar Dickson Etuhu|language=sv|publisher=AIK Fotboll|accessdate=23 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223132601/http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=8985|archivedate=23 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmalite atọ mbụ ya bịara na iko mba 2014-15 Svenska Cupen, ebe o jisiri ike nweta kaadị odo na egwuregwu ọ bụla. Ọ hapụrụ mmalite nke oge a na-eme kwa afọ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotbolldirekt.se/2015/04/03/tunga-aik-beskedet-ny-skada-stoppar-nyforvarvet/|title=Tunga AIK-beskedet: Ny skada stoppar Etuhu i premiären|date=3 April 2015|language=sv|publisher=Fotbolldirekt.se|accessdate=4 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IFK Rössjöholm ===
N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2017, Etuhu bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ya na klọb nke ise nke Sweden bụ IFK Rössjöholm . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/allsvenskan/skrallen-dickson-etuhu-klar-for-division-5-klubb/|title=Skrällen: Dickson Etuhu klar för division 5-klubb|date=6 August 2017|language=sv|publisher=expressen.se|accessdate=6 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A mara ọkwa na ngwụcha Septemba 2007 na a kpọrọ Etuhu ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ maka mba ya n'ụbọchị iri na anọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.safc.com/news/?page_id=13276|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120141950/http://www.safc.com/news/?page_id=13276|archivedate=20 November 2007|title=Etuhu gets Nigeria call|publisher=Sunderland F.C.|date=28 September 2007|accessdate=12 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O bu ụzọ gbaa bọọlụ enyi na enyi abụọ maka mba ya wee mee asọmpi mba ụwa mbụ ya na Iko Mba Afrịka na Jenụwarị 2008. Etuhu so na ndị otu Naijiria maka 2010 World Cup nke e mere na South Africa. Ọ jụrụ oku n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2011 dị ka onye na-anọchi anya ya ma kwuo na ọ gaghị agba bọọlụ maka onye nkuzi Naịjirịa bụ Samson Siasia, na-akwụsị ọrụ mba ụwa ya nwa oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/dickson-etuhu-turns-down-nigerias-last-minute-call-up-against-ghana/532683|title=Dickson Etuhu turns down Nigeria's last minute call up against Ghana|date=8 August 2011|work=Kick Off}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, a kpọghachiri ya na Nọvemba 2011 maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi abụọ n'okpuru onye nkuzi ọhụrụ Stephen Keshi.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Nwanne ya nwoke nke obere bụ Kelvin bụkwa onye na-agba bọọlụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/big-brother-spurs-kelvin-on-1027396|title=Big brother spurs Kelvin on|accessdate=2014-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ tolitere na Peckham, n'ebe ndịda London, mana mgbe ahụ, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Manchester maka Etuhu iji chụsoo ebumnuche ọkachamara ya na City.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Big brother spurs Kelvin on|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/big-brother-spurs-kelvin-on-1027396|publisher=Manchester Evening News|date=15 February 2015|accessdate=6 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019, ụlọ ikpe Sweden mara ya ikpe maka idozi egwuregwu, ma kwuo na ọ ga-eme mkpesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Sport&quot; /&gt; Ma ndị na-agbachitere ma ndị ọkàiwu kwuru na ha ga-eme mkpesa banyere ikpe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot; /&gt; Na June 2020, a machibidoro Etuhu ịgba bọọlụ afọ ise na Sweden.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot; /&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
{{updated|17 May 2016}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=21775 |title=Dickson Etuhu Career Stats |publisher=Soccerbase |date=17 September 2011 |access-date=17 September 2011 |archive-date=30 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330072822/http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=21775 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/dickson-etuhu/15675/ |title=D. ETUHU |publisher=Soccerway |date=17 May 2016 |access-date=17 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Egwuregwu
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Manchester City
|2001–02
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|12
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Preston North End
|2001–02
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|16
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|3
|-
|2002–03
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|39
|6
|1
|0
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|44
|6
|-
|2003–04
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|31
|4
|2
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|34
|4
|-
|2004–05
|Mmeri
|35
|3
|1
|0
|3
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|42
|3
|-
|2005–06
|Mmeri
|13
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!134
!18
!4
!1
!8
!0
!3
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!149
!19
|-
|Norwich City (nke e gbazitere) 
|2005–06
|Mmeri
|8
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Obodo Norwich
|2005–06
|Mmeri
|11
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
|2006–07
|Mmeri
|43
|6
|4
|0
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|50
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!54
!6
!5
!0
!3
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!62
!7
|-
|Sunderland
|2007–08
|Njikọ Premier
|20
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Fulham
|2008–09
|Njikọ Premier
|21
|1
|4
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|1
|-
|2009–10
|Njikọ Premier
|20
|0
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|2
|37
|2
|-
|2010–11
|Njikọ Premier
|28
|2
|1
|1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|3
|-
|2011–12
|Njikọ Premier
|22
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|0
|33
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!91
!3
!8
!1
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!25
!2
!126
!6
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Blackburn Rovers
|2012–13
|Mmeri
|20
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|1
|-
|2013–14
|Mmeri
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!23
!1
!0
!0
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!24
!1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |AIK
|2015
|Allsvenskan
|21
|2
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|0
|30
|2
|-
|2016
|Allsvenskan
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!23
!2
!3
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!6
!0
!32
!2
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!330
!30
!20
!2
!16
!1
!3
!0
!31
!2
!402
!35
|}
Egwuregwu 2011-12 gụnyere egwuregwu na Uefa Cup, na Dnipro na 25 Ọgọst 2011, nke a na-etinyeghị ugbu a na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Soccerbase. Egwuregwu 2015 gụnyere egwuregwu atọ na 2014-15 Svenska Cupen, nke a na-etinyeghị na Soccerbase.

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Fulham'''

* Onye nke abụọ na UEFA Europa League: 2009-102009–10

'''Naịjirịa'''

* Ebe nke atọ nke Africa Cup of Nations: 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/2010a-det.html|title=African Nations Cup 2010 – Final Tournament Details}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Dickson Etuhuna Soccerbase
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Premier League maka Manchester City, Sunderland na Fulham, yana na Football League maka Preston North End, Norwich City na Blackburn Rovers. Ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ ikpeazụ nke ọrụ ya na-egwu egwu na [[Sweden]] na AIK na IFK Rössjöholm. [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] meriri ya ugboro iri na itoolu n'agbata afọ 2007 na afọ 2011.

N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019, ụlọ ikpe Sweden mara ya ikpe maka idozi egwuregwu, ma kwuo na ọ ga-eme mkpesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Sport&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929|title=Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player guilty of match-fixing in Sweden|publisher=BBC Sport|date=13 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma ndị na-agbachitere ma ndị ọkàiwu kwuru na ha ga-eme mkpesa banyere ikpe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929|title=Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player's sentence appealed|publisher=BBC Sport|date=14 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 2020, a machibidoro Etuhu ịgba bọọlụ afọ ise na Sweden.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dickson Etuhu handed five-year ban for match-fixing in Sweden|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/apr/16/dickson-etuhu-handed-five-year-ban-for-match-fixing-in-sweden|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=2 January 2022|date=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
A mụrụ Etuhu na [[Kano]]. Ọ malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Manchester City mana ọ pụtara naanị ugboro iri na otu maka klọb ahụ. Ọ bịanyere aka na Preston North End na Jenụwarị 2002 maka £ 300,000 ka akụkụ David Moyes na-achọ imeziwanye site na mmeri ikpeazụ e meriri Bolton n'oge gara aga. Etuhu mere nke mbụ ya na mmeri 1-0 na Bradford City wee gbaa goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na mmeri 4-2 na Sheffield Wednesday otu izu ka e mesịrị. Etuhu ghọrọ onye na-eme ihe mgbe niile n'akụkụ Preston, na-egwuri egwu n'akụkụ Sean Gregan n'etiti etiti na-anọchi Mark Rankine merụrụ ahụ. Ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-agba goolu abụọ ọzọ n'afọ 2001-02 ka Preston mechara ghara inwe onye njikwa David Moyes na Everton na Machị.

Preston malitere oge 2002-03 n'okpuru onye njikwa ọhụrụ Craig Brown na mgbe Etuhu bụ onye mbụ na-ahọrọ na midfield, n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ chọtara onwe ya na n'akụkụ ka Preston gbalịsiri ike ịchọta nkwekọrịta. Etuhu mere ihe ngosi iri atọ na asatọ n'asọmpị niile, gbakwụnye na ọkpụ goolu ya ka Preston gụchara oge ahụ n'ọkwa iri na abụọ. Ụdị Preston gara n'ihu n'ime 2003–04 ka nnukwu mwakpo ha dara ada n'ihi nchebe adịghị mma n'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ mgbanwe ndị ọrụ. Etuhu chọtara onwe ya ọzọ, ya na ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu Preston ndị ọzọ, na na mmalite iri na otu ka Brown na-achọ ịchọta akụkụ ya kacha mma. Etuhu belatara ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngosi 26 ka Preston kwụsịrị 15th na-esote ọkara nke abụọ nke oge nke hụrụ ha n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịdaba na nke ugboro abụọ n'usoro, si na FA Cup na ndị mmegide nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ ka ha meriri 2-1 na Swansea.

2004-05 hụrụ Preston ruo na ngwụcha nke abụọ ha n'ime afọ anọ mana n'agbanyeghị mmalite oge ahụ n'etiti etiti Preston, Etuhu ga-ekere òkè dị nta na mkpọsa ahụ. A chụpụrụ onye njikwa Craig Brown n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2004 ma jiri onye na-enyere ya aka Billy Davies dochie ya, onye mmalite ya na-enweghị mmasị mere ka a chụpụ Etuhu n'elu oche dịka Davies họọrọ Brian O'Neil na Paul McKenna n'etiti etiti n'akụkụ Chris Sedgwick na Eddie Lewis. Ka Preston guzobere na-eburu Etuhu chọtara onwe ya n'èzí ndị otu egwuregwu ahụ kpamkpam mana ka akụkụ ahụ mechiri na playoffs ọ laghachiri n'elu oche na-eme ka ndị ọzọ pụta na egwuregwu asaa ikpeazụ gụnyere mmeri 1-0 na West Ham na Cardiff.

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2005, Etuhu malitere oge nke atọ ya n'usoro n'etiti Preston mana ọdịdị na-enweghị mmasị na ntinye aka nke Adam Nowland na David Jones pụtara na a belatara ya ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2005, Etuhu malitere ịtụle ọdịnihu ya n'ebe ọ na-anọghị na Deepdale n'ihi na ọ naghị eme egwuregwu ugboro ugboro ma na Jenụwarị afọ 2006 ọ bịanyere aka na Norwich maka ịgbazinye ego maka oge fọdụrụ na 2005-06. Na Preston na-etinyeghị nkwekọrịta iji gbochie Etuhu igwu egwu megide klọb nne na nna ya, egwuregwu mbụ ya maka Norwich bụ ihe ijuanya megide Lilywhites na Carrow Road. N'oge egwuregwu ahụ, Etuhu mechiri ọrụ ya na Deepdale site na ihe ịma aka na-adịghị mma nke gbajiri ụkwụ onye na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti Preston bụ Adam Nowland, mmerụ ahụ nke ga-eme ka ọrụ bọọlụ Nowland kwụsị.

Norwich City bịanyere ya aka n'oge nnwale mbufe Jenụwarị maka £ 450,000 mgbe nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego bu ụzọ wetara ya na klọb ahụ. Ọdịdị ya malitere imeziwanye na ngwụcha oge ahụ na mmalite nke mkpọsa 2006-07.

Etuhu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Norwich na mmeri 2-0 megide Torquay United na egwuregwu League Cup na 23 Ọgọst 2006, wee nweta goolu mbụ nke league maka klọb ahụ na 3-3 draw na Southend United na 12 Septemba 2006. N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2006, ọ gbara naanị goolu na mmeri 1-0 megide Cardiff na Carrow Road iji nyere onye njikwa ọhụrụ ya Peter Grant aka imeri egwuregwu mbụ ya n'ụlọ mgbe ọ nọchiri Nigel Worthington.

A kọrọ n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi n'oge Septemba 2006 na mgbe e meriri ya 3-1 na Plymouth Argyle, Etuhu na onye otu ya bụ Youssef Safri gbanwere ọkpọ na bọs ndị otu ahụ na njem ha laghachiri East Anglia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/FOOTBALL-CANARIES-PUNCH-UP-article57470.html|title=FOOTBALL: CANARIES' PUNCH-UP|accessdate=2014-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Etuhu bịanyere aka na Sunderland a na-akwalite ọhụrụ na nkwekọrịta ruru £ 1.5 nde n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/s/sunderland/6902275.stm|title=Sunderland complete Etuhu signing|date=17 July 2007|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2008, Etuhu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Sunderland n'egwuregwu ha na Wigan. O sitere na free kick nke Dean Whitehead na-ese n'ime, na-emeghe akara na mmeri 2-0 nke Latics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/7223968.stm|title=Sunderland 2–0 Wigan|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=9 February 2008|accessdate=14 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Dickson_Etuhu_Fulham.jpg|thumb|Etuhu na Fulham na 2009]]
Na 29 August 2008, Etuhu kwupụtara na ya na-aga ahụike na Premier League club Fulham, tupu ya edebanye aha maka ego nke £ 1.5 nde na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na Craven Cottage.[1]. Etuhu gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya na Fulham na Ista Sunday 2009 megide Manchester City na nkeji 59th nyere Fulham 2–1 ka onye America Clint Dempsey gbachara na nkeji iri ise.

Ọ gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na asọmpi European, nke mbụ ya na Craven Cottage, otu izu ka ọ mụsịrị nwa nwoke mbụ ya, na-aga na mmeri 1-0 maka Fulham megide ndị otu Lithuania FK Vetra. Na 28 Ọgọst 2010, Etuhu zọpụtara ndị otu ya site na ịse Blackpool, wee gbatara na nkeji 87th na eserese 2–2 na Bloomfield Road. Na 18 Septemba 2010, Etuhu gbara bọọlụ megide Blackburn Rovers na Ewood Park na eserese 1–1. Na Septemba 2010, Etuhu bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta afọ atọ, nke ga-edebe ya na Craven Cottage ruo oge okpomọkụ nke 2014. O mere ngosi 50th Premier League megide Newcastle United, na 0-0 na-ese na 13 November, mgbe ọ bịara dịka onye nnọchiteanya Zoltan Gera, na nkeji 69th nke egwuregwu ahụ na St James' Park. Etuhu gbara Fulham goolu nke ise ya mgbe ọ gbara nke abụọ na mmeri 6–2 meriri Peterborough United na 8 Jenụwarị 2011 na agba nke atọ nke iko FA. Na 5 Maachị, ọ malitere wee kpọọ nkeji 90 zuru ezu na mmeri 3–2 meriri Blackburn. Na 3 Eprel, ọ gbara na nkeji 72, nke onye mgbachitere Brede Hangeland nyere aka na mmeri Blackpool 3–0 na Craven Cottage. Na 9 Eprel, ọ malitere na mmeri 2–0 meriri Manchester United na Old Trafford tupu Zoltán Gera dochie ya na nkeji 67th.

N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Fulham kwupụtara na Etuhu ahapụla klọb ahụ iji sonyere Danny Murphy na Blackburn Rovers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/Club/News/NewsArticles/2012/August/PlayerDepartures.aspx|title=Player Departures|publisher=Fulham FC|accessdate=12 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805234708/http://www.fulhamfc.com/Club/News/NewsArticles/2012/August/PlayerDepartures.aspx|archivedate=5 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Blackburn Rovers ===
N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Etuhu sonyeere Blackburn Rovers na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ maka ego a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rovers.co.uk/news/article/rovers-seal-etuhu-deal-290547.aspx|title=Rovers seal Etuhu deal|publisher=Blackburn Rovers FC|accessdate=12 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Blackburn na 29 Septemba 2012 megide Charlton Athletic . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19684223|title=Charlton 1–1 Blackburn|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=29 September 2012|accessdate=5 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== AIK ===
Na 23 Disemba 2014, a mara ọkwa na Swedish AIK nke Allsvenskan nwetara ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya n'efu na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=8985|title=AIK Fotboll värvar Dickson Etuhu|language=sv|publisher=AIK Fotboll|accessdate=23 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223132601/http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=8985|archivedate=23 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmalite atọ mbụ ya bịara na iko mba 2014-15 Svenska Cupen, ebe o jisiri ike nweta kaadị odo na egwuregwu ọ bụla. Ọ hapụrụ mmalite nke oge a na-eme kwa afọ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotbolldirekt.se/2015/04/03/tunga-aik-beskedet-ny-skada-stoppar-nyforvarvet/|title=Tunga AIK-beskedet: Ny skada stoppar Etuhu i premiären|date=3 April 2015|language=sv|publisher=Fotbolldirekt.se|accessdate=4 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IFK Rössjöholm ===
N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2017, Etuhu bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ya na klọb nke ise nke Sweden bụ IFK Rössjöholm . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/allsvenskan/skrallen-dickson-etuhu-klar-for-division-5-klubb/|title=Skrällen: Dickson Etuhu klar för division 5-klubb|date=6 August 2017|language=sv|publisher=expressen.se|accessdate=6 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A mara ọkwa na ngwụcha Septemba 2007 na a kpọrọ Etuhu ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ maka mba ya n'ụbọchị iri na anọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.safc.com/news/?page_id=13276|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120141950/http://www.safc.com/news/?page_id=13276|archivedate=20 November 2007|title=Etuhu gets Nigeria call|publisher=Sunderland F.C.|date=28 September 2007|accessdate=12 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O bu ụzọ gbaa bọọlụ enyi na enyi abụọ maka mba ya wee mee asọmpi mba ụwa mbụ ya na Iko Mba Afrịka na Jenụwarị 2008. Etuhu so na ndị otu Naijiria maka 2010 World Cup nke e mere na South Africa. Ọ jụrụ oku n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2011 dị ka onye na-anọchi anya ya ma kwuo na ọ gaghị agba bọọlụ maka onye nkuzi Naịjirịa bụ Samson Siasia, na-akwụsị ọrụ mba ụwa ya nwa oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/dickson-etuhu-turns-down-nigerias-last-minute-call-up-against-ghana/532683|title=Dickson Etuhu turns down Nigeria's last minute call up against Ghana|date=8 August 2011|work=Kick Off}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, a kpọghachiri ya na Nọvemba 2011 maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi abụọ n'okpuru onye nkuzi ọhụrụ Stephen Keshi.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Nwanne ya nwoke nke obere bụ Kelvin bụkwa onye na-agba bọọlụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/big-brother-spurs-kelvin-on-1027396|title=Big brother spurs Kelvin on|accessdate=2014-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ tolitere na Peckham, n'ebe ndịda London, mana mgbe ahụ, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Manchester maka Etuhu iji chụsoo ebumnuche ọkachamara ya na City.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Big brother spurs Kelvin on|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/big-brother-spurs-kelvin-on-1027396|publisher=Manchester Evening News|date=15 February 2015|accessdate=6 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019, ụlọ ikpe Sweden mara ya ikpe maka idozi egwuregwu, ma kwuo na ọ ga-eme mkpesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Sport&quot; /&gt; Ma ndị na-agbachitere ma ndị ọkàiwu kwuru na ha ga-eme mkpesa banyere ikpe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot; /&gt; Na June 2020, a machibidoro Etuhu ịgba bọọlụ afọ ise na Sweden.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot; /&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
[[w:updated|17 May 2016]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=21775 |title=Dickson Etuhu Career Stats |publisher=Soccerbase |date=17 September 2011 |access-date=17 September 2011 |archive-date=30 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330072822/http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=21775 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/dickson-etuhu/15675/ |title=D. ETUHU |publisher=Soccerway |date=17 May 2016 |access-date=17 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Egwuregwu
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Manchester City
|2001–02
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|12
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Preston North End
|2001–02
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|16
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|3
|-
|2002–03
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|39
|6
|1
|0
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|44
|6
|-
|2003–04
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|31
|4
|2
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|34
|4
|-
|2004–05
|Mmeri
|35
|3
|1
|0
|3
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|42
|3
|-
|2005–06
|Mmeri
|13
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!134
!18
!4
!1
!8
!0
!3
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!149
!19
|-
|Norwich City (nke e gbazitere) 
|2005–06
|Mmeri
|8
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Obodo Norwich
|2005–06
|Mmeri
|11
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
|2006–07
|Mmeri
|43
|6
|4
|0
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|50
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!54
!6
!5
!0
!3
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!62
!7
|-
|Sunderland
|2007–08
|Njikọ Premier
|20
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Fulham
|2008–09
|Njikọ Premier
|21
|1
|4
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|1
|-
|2009–10
|Njikọ Premier
|20
|0
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|2
|37
|2
|-
|2010–11
|Njikọ Premier
|28
|2
|1
|1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|3
|-
|2011–12
|Njikọ Premier
|22
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|0
|33
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!91
!3
!8
!1
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!25
!2
!126
!6
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Blackburn Rovers
|2012–13
|Mmeri
|20
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|1
|-
|2013–14
|Mmeri
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!23
!1
!0
!0
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!24
!1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |AIK
|2015
|Allsvenskan
|21
|2
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|0
|30
|2
|-
|2016
|Allsvenskan
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!23
!2
!3
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!6
!0
!32
!2
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!330
!30
!20
!2
!16
!1
!3
!0
!31
!2
!402
!35
|}
Egwuregwu 2011-12 gụnyere egwuregwu na Uefa Cup, na Dnipro na 25 Ọgọst 2011, nke a na-etinyeghị ugbu a na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Soccerbase. Egwuregwu 2015 gụnyere egwuregwu atọ na 2014-15 Svenska Cupen, nke a na-etinyeghị na Soccerbase.

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Fulham'''

* Onye nke abụọ na UEFA Europa League: 2009-102009–10

'''Naịjirịa'''

* Ebe nke atọ nke Africa Cup of Nations: 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/2010a-det.html|title=African Nations Cup 2010 – Final Tournament Details}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Dickson Etuhuna Soccerbase
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Premier League maka Manchester City, Sunderland na Fulham, yana na Football League maka Preston North End, Norwich City na Blackburn Rovers. Ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ ikpeazụ nke ọrụ ya na-egwu egwu na [[Sweden]] na AIK na IFK Rössjöholm. [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] meriri ya ugboro iri na itoolu n'agbata afọ 2007 na afọ 2011.

N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019, ụlọ ikpe Sweden mara ya ikpe maka idozi egwuregwu, ma kwuo na ọ ga-eme mkpesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Sport&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929|title=Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player guilty of match-fixing in Sweden|publisher=BBC Sport|date=13 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma ndị na-agbachitere ma ndị ọkàiwu kwuru na ha ga-eme mkpesa banyere ikpe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929|title=Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player's sentence appealed|publisher=BBC Sport|date=14 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 2020, a machibidoro Etuhu ịgba bọọlụ afọ ise na Sweden.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dickson Etuhu handed five-year ban for match-fixing in Sweden|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/apr/16/dickson-etuhu-handed-five-year-ban-for-match-fixing-in-sweden|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=2 January 2022|date=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
A mụrụ Etuhu na [[Kano]]. Ọ malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Manchester City mana ọ pụtara naanị ugboro iri na otu maka klọb ahụ. Ọ bịanyere aka na Preston North End na Jenụwarị 2002 maka £ 300,000 ka akụkụ David Moyes na-achọ imeziwanye site na mmeri ikpeazụ e meriri Bolton n'oge gara aga. Etuhu mere nke mbụ ya na mmeri 1-0 na Bradford City wee gbaa goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na mmeri 4-2 na Sheffield Wednesday otu izu ka e mesịrị. Etuhu ghọrọ onye na-eme ihe mgbe niile n'akụkụ Preston, na-egwuri egwu n'akụkụ Sean Gregan n'etiti etiti na-anọchi Mark Rankine merụrụ ahụ. Ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-agba goolu abụọ ọzọ n'afọ 2001-02 ka Preston mechara ghara inwe onye njikwa David Moyes na Everton na Machị.

Preston malitere oge 2002-03 n'okpuru onye njikwa ọhụrụ Craig Brown na mgbe Etuhu bụ onye mbụ na-ahọrọ na midfield, n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ chọtara onwe ya na n'akụkụ ka Preston gbalịsiri ike ịchọta nkwekọrịta. Etuhu mere ihe ngosi iri atọ na asatọ n'asọmpị niile, gbakwụnye na ọkpụ goolu ya ka Preston gụchara oge ahụ n'ọkwa iri na abụọ. Ụdị Preston gara n'ihu n'ime 2003–04 ka nnukwu mwakpo ha dara ada n'ihi nchebe adịghị mma n'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ mgbanwe ndị ọrụ. Etuhu chọtara onwe ya ọzọ, ya na ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu Preston ndị ọzọ, na na mmalite iri na otu ka Brown na-achọ ịchọta akụkụ ya kacha mma. Etuhu belatara ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngosi 26 ka Preston kwụsịrị 15th na-esote ọkara nke abụọ nke oge nke hụrụ ha n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịdaba na nke ugboro abụọ n'usoro, si na FA Cup na ndị mmegide nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ ka ha meriri 2-1 na Swansea.

2004-05 hụrụ Preston ruo na ngwụcha nke abụọ ha n'ime afọ anọ mana n'agbanyeghị mmalite oge ahụ n'etiti etiti Preston, Etuhu ga-ekere òkè dị nta na mkpọsa ahụ. A chụpụrụ onye njikwa Craig Brown n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2004 ma jiri onye na-enyere ya aka Billy Davies dochie ya, onye mmalite ya na-enweghị mmasị mere ka a chụpụ Etuhu n'elu oche dịka Davies họọrọ Brian O'Neil na Paul McKenna n'etiti etiti n'akụkụ Chris Sedgwick na Eddie Lewis. Ka Preston guzobere na-eburu Etuhu chọtara onwe ya n'èzí ndị otu egwuregwu ahụ kpamkpam mana ka akụkụ ahụ mechiri na playoffs ọ laghachiri n'elu oche na-eme ka ndị ọzọ pụta na egwuregwu asaa ikpeazụ gụnyere mmeri 1-0 na West Ham na Cardiff.

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2005, Etuhu malitere oge nke atọ ya n'usoro n'etiti Preston mana ọdịdị na-enweghị mmasị na ntinye aka nke Adam Nowland na David Jones pụtara na a belatara ya ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2005, Etuhu malitere ịtụle ọdịnihu ya n'ebe ọ na-anọghị na Deepdale n'ihi na ọ naghị eme egwuregwu ugboro ugboro ma na Jenụwarị afọ 2006 ọ bịanyere aka na Norwich maka ịgbazinye ego maka oge fọdụrụ na 2005-06. Na Preston na-etinyeghị nkwekọrịta iji gbochie Etuhu igwu egwu megide klọb nne na nna ya, egwuregwu mbụ ya maka Norwich bụ ihe ijuanya megide Lilywhites na Carrow Road. N'oge egwuregwu ahụ, Etuhu mechiri ọrụ ya na Deepdale site na ihe ịma aka na-adịghị mma nke gbajiri ụkwụ onye na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti Preston bụ Adam Nowland, mmerụ ahụ nke ga-eme ka ọrụ bọọlụ Nowland kwụsị.

Norwich City bịanyere ya aka n'oge nnwale mbufe Jenụwarị maka £ 450,000 mgbe nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego bu ụzọ wetara ya na klọb ahụ. Ọdịdị ya malitere imeziwanye na ngwụcha oge ahụ na mmalite nke mkpọsa 2006-07.

Etuhu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Norwich na mmeri 2-0 megide Torquay United na egwuregwu League Cup na 23 Ọgọst 2006, wee nweta goolu mbụ nke league maka klọb ahụ na 3-3 draw na Southend United na 12 Septemba 2006. N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2006, ọ gbara naanị goolu na mmeri 1-0 megide Cardiff na Carrow Road iji nyere onye njikwa ọhụrụ ya Peter Grant aka imeri egwuregwu mbụ ya n'ụlọ mgbe ọ nọchiri Nigel Worthington.

A kọrọ n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi n'oge Septemba 2006 na mgbe e meriri ya 3-1 na Plymouth Argyle, Etuhu na onye otu ya bụ Youssef Safri gbanwere ọkpọ na bọs ndị otu ahụ na njem ha laghachiri East Anglia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/FOOTBALL-CANARIES-PUNCH-UP-article57470.html|title=FOOTBALL: CANARIES' PUNCH-UP|accessdate=2014-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Etuhu bịanyere aka na Sunderland a na-akwalite ọhụrụ na nkwekọrịta ruru £ 1.5 nde n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/s/sunderland/6902275.stm|title=Sunderland complete Etuhu signing|date=17 July 2007|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2008, Etuhu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Sunderland n'egwuregwu ha na Wigan. O sitere na free kick nke Dean Whitehead na-ese n'ime, na-emeghe akara na mmeri 2-0 nke Latics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/7223968.stm|title=Sunderland 2–0 Wigan|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=9 February 2008|accessdate=14 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Dickson_Etuhu_Fulham.jpg|thumb|Etuhu na Fulham na 2009]]
Na 29 August 2008, Etuhu kwupụtara na ya na-aga ahụike na Premier League club Fulham, tupu ya edebanye aha maka ego nke £ 1.5 nde na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na Craven Cottage.[1]. Etuhu gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya na Fulham na Ista Sunday 2009 megide Manchester City na nkeji 59th nyere Fulham 2–1 ka onye America Clint Dempsey gbachara na nkeji iri ise.

Ọ gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na asọmpi European, nke mbụ ya na Craven Cottage, otu izu ka ọ mụsịrị nwa nwoke mbụ ya, na-aga na mmeri 1-0 maka Fulham megide ndị otu Lithuania FK Vetra. Na 28 Ọgọst 2010, Etuhu zọpụtara ndị otu ya site na ịse Blackpool, wee gbatara na nkeji 87th na eserese 2–2 na Bloomfield Road. Na 18 Septemba 2010, Etuhu gbara bọọlụ megide Blackburn Rovers na Ewood Park na eserese 1–1. Na Septemba 2010, Etuhu bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta afọ atọ, nke ga-edebe ya na Craven Cottage ruo oge okpomọkụ nke 2014. O mere ngosi 50th Premier League megide Newcastle United, na 0-0 na-ese na 13 November, mgbe ọ bịara dịka onye nnọchiteanya Zoltan Gera, na nkeji 69th nke egwuregwu ahụ na St James' Park. Etuhu gbara Fulham goolu nke ise ya mgbe ọ gbara nke abụọ na mmeri 6–2 meriri Peterborough United na 8 Jenụwarị 2011 na agba nke atọ nke iko FA. Na 5 Maachị, ọ malitere wee kpọọ nkeji 90 zuru ezu na mmeri 3–2 meriri Blackburn. Na 3 Eprel, ọ gbara na nkeji 72, nke onye mgbachitere Brede Hangeland nyere aka na mmeri Blackpool 3–0 na Craven Cottage. Na 9 Eprel, ọ malitere na mmeri 2–0 meriri Manchester United na Old Trafford tupu Zoltán Gera dochie ya na nkeji 67th.

N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Fulham kwupụtara na Etuhu ahapụla klọb ahụ iji sonyere Danny Murphy na Blackburn Rovers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/Club/News/NewsArticles/2012/August/PlayerDepartures.aspx|title=Player Departures|publisher=Fulham FC|accessdate=12 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805234708/http://www.fulhamfc.com/Club/News/NewsArticles/2012/August/PlayerDepartures.aspx|archivedate=5 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Blackburn Rovers ===
N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Etuhu sonyeere Blackburn Rovers na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ maka ego a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rovers.co.uk/news/article/rovers-seal-etuhu-deal-290547.aspx|title=Rovers seal Etuhu deal|publisher=Blackburn Rovers FC|accessdate=12 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Blackburn na 29 Septemba 2012 megide Charlton Athletic . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19684223|title=Charlton 1–1 Blackburn|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=29 September 2012|accessdate=5 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== AIK ===
Na 23 Disemba 2014, a mara ọkwa na Swedish AIK nke Allsvenskan nwetara ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya n'efu na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=8985|title=AIK Fotboll värvar Dickson Etuhu|language=sv|publisher=AIK Fotboll|accessdate=23 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223132601/http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=8985|archivedate=23 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmalite atọ mbụ ya bịara na iko mba 2014-15 Svenska Cupen, ebe o jisiri ike nweta kaadị odo na egwuregwu ọ bụla. Ọ hapụrụ mmalite nke oge a na-eme kwa afọ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotbolldirekt.se/2015/04/03/tunga-aik-beskedet-ny-skada-stoppar-nyforvarvet/|title=Tunga AIK-beskedet: Ny skada stoppar Etuhu i premiären|date=3 April 2015|language=sv|publisher=Fotbolldirekt.se|accessdate=4 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IFK Rössjöholm ===
N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2017, Etuhu bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ya na klọb nke ise nke Sweden bụ IFK Rössjöholm . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/allsvenskan/skrallen-dickson-etuhu-klar-for-division-5-klubb/|title=Skrällen: Dickson Etuhu klar för division 5-klubb|date=6 August 2017|language=sv|publisher=expressen.se|accessdate=6 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A mara ọkwa na ngwụcha Septemba 2007 na a kpọrọ Etuhu ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ maka mba ya n'ụbọchị iri na anọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.safc.com/news/?page_id=13276|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120141950/http://www.safc.com/news/?page_id=13276|archivedate=20 November 2007|title=Etuhu gets Nigeria call|publisher=Sunderland F.C.|date=28 September 2007|accessdate=12 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O bu ụzọ gbaa bọọlụ enyi na enyi abụọ maka mba ya wee mee asọmpi mba ụwa mbụ ya na Iko Mba Afrịka na Jenụwarị 2008. Etuhu so na ndị otu Naijiria maka 2010 World Cup nke e mere na South Africa. Ọ jụrụ oku n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2011 dị ka onye na-anọchi anya ya ma kwuo na ọ gaghị agba bọọlụ maka onye nkuzi Naịjirịa bụ Samson Siasia, na-akwụsị ọrụ mba ụwa ya nwa oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/dickson-etuhu-turns-down-nigerias-last-minute-call-up-against-ghana/532683|title=Dickson Etuhu turns down Nigeria's last minute call up against Ghana|date=8 August 2011|work=Kick Off}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, a kpọghachiri ya na Nọvemba 2011 maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi abụọ n'okpuru onye nkuzi ọhụrụ Stephen Keshi.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Nwanne ya nwoke nke obere bụ Kelvin bụkwa onye na-agba bọọlụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/big-brother-spurs-kelvin-on-1027396|title=Big brother spurs Kelvin on|accessdate=2014-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ tolitere na Peckham, n'ebe ndịda London, mana mgbe ahụ, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Manchester maka Etuhu iji chụsoo ebumnuche ọkachamara ya na City.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Big brother spurs Kelvin on|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/big-brother-spurs-kelvin-on-1027396|publisher=Manchester Evening News|date=15 February 2015|accessdate=6 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019, ụlọ ikpe Sweden mara ya ikpe maka idozi egwuregwu, ma kwuo na ọ ga-eme mkpesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Sport&quot; /&gt; Ma ndị na-agbachitere ma ndị ọkàiwu kwuru na ha ga-eme mkpesa banyere ikpe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot; /&gt; Na June 2020, a machibidoro Etuhu ịgba bọọlụ afọ ise na Sweden.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot; /&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
[[w:updated|17 May 2016]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=21775 |title=Dickson Etuhu Career Stats |publisher=Soccerbase |date=17 September 2011 |access-date=17 September 2011 |archive-date=30 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330072822/http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=21775 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/dickson-etuhu/15675/ |title=D. ETUHU |publisher=Soccerway |date=17 May 2016 |access-date=17 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Egwuregwu
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Manchester City
|2001–02
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|12
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Preston North End
|2001–02
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|16
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|3
|-
|2002–03
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|39
|6
|1
|0
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|44
|6
|-
|2003–04
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|31
|4
|2
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|34
|4
|-
|2004–05
|Mmeri
|35
|3
|1
|0
|3
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|42
|3
|-
|2005–06
|Mmeri
|13
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!134
!18
!4
!1
!8
!0
!3
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!149
!19
|-
|Norwich City (nke e gbazitere) 
|2005–06
|Mmeri
|8
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Obodo Norwich
|2005–06
|Mmeri
|11
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
|2006–07
|Mmeri
|43
|6
|4
|0
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|50
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!54
!6
!5
!0
!3
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!62
!7
|-
|Sunderland
|2007–08
|Njikọ Premier
|20
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Fulham
|2008–09
|Njikọ Premier
|21
|1
|4
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|1
|-
|2009–10
|Njikọ Premier
|20
|0
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|2
|37
|2
|-
|2010–11
|Njikọ Premier
|28
|2
|1
|1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|3
|-
|2011–12
|Njikọ Premier
|22
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|0
|33
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!91
!3
!8
!1
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!25
!2
!126
!6
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Blackburn Rovers
|2012–13
|Mmeri
|20
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|1
|-
|2013–14
|Mmeri
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!23
!1
!0
!0
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!24
!1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |AIK
|2015
|Allsvenskan
|21
|2
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|0
|30
|2
|-
|2016
|Allsvenskan
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!23
!2
!3
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!6
!0
!32
!2
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!330
!30
!20
!2
!16
!1
!3
!0
!31
!2
!402
!35
|}
Egwuregwu 2011-12 gụnyere egwuregwu na Uefa Cup, na Dnipro na 25 Ọgọst 2011, nke a na-etinyeghị ugbu a na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Soccerbase. Egwuregwu 2015 gụnyere egwuregwu atọ na 2014-15 Svenska Cupen, nke a na-etinyeghị na Soccerbase.

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Fulham'''

* Onye nke abụọ na UEFA Europa League: 2009-102009–10

'''Naịjirịa'''

* Ebe nke atọ nke Africa Cup of Nations: 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/2010a-det.html|title=African Nations Cup 2010 – Final Tournament Details}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Dickson Etuhuna Soccerbase
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <text bytes="17716" sha1="56zz4r7x62pbpq929vxoo39cha55zlm" xml:space="preserve">'''Dickson Paul Etuhu''' (amụrụ na 8 Juun 1982) bụ onye Naịjirịa bụbu ọkachamara [[w:Association football|football]] onye gbara bọọlụ dịka [[w:Midfielder#Defensive midfielder|defensive midfielder]].

Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Premier League maka Manchester City, Sunderland na Fulham, yana na Football League maka Preston North End, Norwich City na Blackburn Rovers. Ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ ikpeazụ nke ọrụ ya na-egwu egwu na [[Sweden]] na AIK na IFK Rössjöholm. [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] meriri ya ugboro iri na itoolu n'agbata afọ 2007 na afọ 2011.

N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019, ụlọ ikpe Sweden mara ya ikpe maka idozi egwuregwu, ma kwuo na ọ ga-eme mkpesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Sport&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929|title=Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player guilty of match-fixing in Sweden|publisher=BBC Sport|date=13 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ma ndị na-agbachitere ma ndị ọkàiwu kwuru na ha ga-eme mkpesa banyere ikpe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50407929|title=Dickson Etuhu: Ex-Nigeria player's sentence appealed|publisher=BBC Sport|date=14 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 2020, a machibidoro Etuhu ịgba bọọlụ afọ ise na Sweden.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dickson Etuhu handed five-year ban for match-fixing in Sweden|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/apr/16/dickson-etuhu-handed-five-year-ban-for-match-fixing-in-sweden|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=2 January 2022|date=16 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
A mụrụ Etuhu na [[Kano]]. Ọ malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Manchester City mana ọ pụtara naanị ugboro iri na otu maka klọb ahụ. Ọ bịanyere aka na Preston North End na Jenụwarị 2002 maka £ 300,000 ka akụkụ David Moyes na-achọ imeziwanye site na mmeri ikpeazụ e meriri Bolton n'oge gara aga. Etuhu mere nke mbụ ya na mmeri 1-0 na Bradford City wee gbaa goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na mmeri 4-2 na Sheffield Wednesday otu izu ka e mesịrị. Etuhu ghọrọ onye na-eme ihe mgbe niile n'akụkụ Preston, na-egwuri egwu n'akụkụ Sean Gregan n'etiti etiti na-anọchi Mark Rankine merụrụ ahụ. Ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-agba goolu abụọ ọzọ n'afọ 2001-02 ka Preston mechara ghara inwe onye njikwa David Moyes na Everton na Machị.

Preston malitere oge 2002-03 n'okpuru onye njikwa ọhụrụ Craig Brown na mgbe Etuhu bụ onye mbụ na-ahọrọ na midfield, n'oge na-adịghị anya ọ chọtara onwe ya na n'akụkụ ka Preston gbalịsiri ike ịchọta nkwekọrịta. Etuhu mere ihe ngosi iri atọ na asatọ n'asọmpị niile, gbakwụnye na ọkpụ goolu ya ka Preston gụchara oge ahụ n'ọkwa iri na abụọ. Ụdị Preston gara n'ihu n'ime 2003–04 ka nnukwu mwakpo ha dara ada n'ihi nchebe adịghị mma n'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ mgbanwe ndị ọrụ. Etuhu chọtara onwe ya ọzọ, ya na ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu Preston ndị ọzọ, na na mmalite iri na otu ka Brown na-achọ ịchọta akụkụ ya kacha mma. Etuhu belatara ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngosi 26 ka Preston kwụsịrị 15th na-esote ọkara nke abụọ nke oge nke hụrụ ha n'ihe ize ndụ nke ịdaba na nke ugboro abụọ n'usoro, si na FA Cup na ndị mmegide nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ ka ha meriri 2-1 na Swansea.

2004-05 hụrụ Preston ruo na ngwụcha nke abụọ ha n'ime afọ anọ mana n'agbanyeghị mmalite oge ahụ n'etiti etiti Preston, Etuhu ga-ekere òkè dị nta na mkpọsa ahụ. A chụpụrụ onye njikwa Craig Brown n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2004 ma jiri onye na-enyere ya aka Billy Davies dochie ya, onye mmalite ya na-enweghị mmasị mere ka a chụpụ Etuhu n'elu oche dịka Davies họọrọ Brian O'Neil na Paul McKenna n'etiti etiti n'akụkụ Chris Sedgwick na Eddie Lewis. Ka Preston guzobere na-eburu Etuhu chọtara onwe ya n'èzí ndị otu egwuregwu ahụ kpamkpam mana ka akụkụ ahụ mechiri na playoffs ọ laghachiri n'elu oche na-eme ka ndị ọzọ pụta na egwuregwu asaa ikpeazụ gụnyere mmeri 1-0 na West Ham na Cardiff.

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2005, Etuhu malitere oge nke atọ ya n'usoro n'etiti Preston mana ọdịdị na-enweghị mmasị na ntinye aka nke Adam Nowland na David Jones pụtara na a belatara ya ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2005, Etuhu malitere ịtụle ọdịnihu ya n'ebe ọ na-anọghị na Deepdale n'ihi na ọ naghị eme egwuregwu ugboro ugboro ma na Jenụwarị afọ 2006 ọ bịanyere aka na Norwich maka ịgbazinye ego maka oge fọdụrụ na 2005-06. Na Preston na-etinyeghị nkwekọrịta iji gbochie Etuhu igwu egwu megide klọb nne na nna ya, egwuregwu mbụ ya maka Norwich bụ ihe ijuanya megide Lilywhites na Carrow Road. N'oge egwuregwu ahụ, Etuhu mechiri ọrụ ya na Deepdale site na ihe ịma aka na-adịghị mma nke gbajiri ụkwụ onye na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti Preston bụ Adam Nowland, mmerụ ahụ nke ga-eme ka ọrụ bọọlụ Nowland kwụsị.

Norwich City bịanyere ya aka n'oge nnwale mbufe Jenụwarị maka £ 450,000 mgbe nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego bu ụzọ wetara ya na klọb ahụ. Ọdịdị ya malitere imeziwanye na ngwụcha oge ahụ na mmalite nke mkpọsa 2006-07.

Etuhu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Norwich na mmeri 2-0 megide Torquay United na egwuregwu League Cup na 23 Ọgọst 2006, wee nweta goolu mbụ nke league maka klọb ahụ na 3-3 draw na Southend United na 12 Septemba 2006. N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2006, ọ gbara naanị goolu na mmeri 1-0 megide Cardiff na Carrow Road iji nyere onye njikwa ọhụrụ ya Peter Grant aka imeri egwuregwu mbụ ya n'ụlọ mgbe ọ nọchiri Nigel Worthington.

A kọrọ n'ụzọ na-ezighi ezi n'oge Septemba 2006 na mgbe e meriri ya 3-1 na Plymouth Argyle, Etuhu na onye otu ya bụ Youssef Safri gbanwere ọkpọ na bọs ndị otu ahụ na njem ha laghachiri East Anglia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/FOOTBALL-CANARIES-PUNCH-UP-article57470.html|title=FOOTBALL: CANARIES' PUNCH-UP|accessdate=2014-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Etuhu bịanyere aka na Sunderland a na-akwalite ọhụrụ na nkwekọrịta ruru £ 1.5 nde n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/s/sunderland/6902275.stm|title=Sunderland complete Etuhu signing|date=17 July 2007|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2008, Etuhu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Sunderland n'egwuregwu ha na Wigan. O sitere na free kick nke Dean Whitehead na-ese n'ime, na-emeghe akara na mmeri 2-0 nke Latics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/7223968.stm|title=Sunderland 2–0 Wigan|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=9 February 2008|accessdate=14 September 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Dickson_Etuhu_Fulham.jpg|thumb|Etuhu na Fulham na 2009]]
Na 29 August 2008, Etuhu kwupụtara na ya na-aga ahụike na Premier League club Fulham, tupu ya edebanye aha maka ego nke £ 1.5 nde na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na Craven Cottage.[1]. Etuhu gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya na Fulham na Ista Sunday 2009 megide Manchester City na nkeji 59th nyere Fulham 2–1 ka onye America Clint Dempsey gbachara na nkeji iri ise.

Ọ gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na asọmpi European, nke mbụ ya na Craven Cottage, otu izu ka ọ mụsịrị nwa nwoke mbụ ya, na-aga na mmeri 1-0 maka Fulham megide ndị otu Lithuania FK Vetra. Na 28 Ọgọst 2010, Etuhu zọpụtara ndị otu ya site na ịse Blackpool, wee gbatara na nkeji 87th na eserese 2–2 na Bloomfield Road. Na 18 Septemba 2010, Etuhu gbara bọọlụ megide Blackburn Rovers na Ewood Park na eserese 1–1. Na Septemba 2010, Etuhu bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta afọ atọ, nke ga-edebe ya na Craven Cottage ruo oge okpomọkụ nke 2014. O mere ngosi 50th Premier League megide Newcastle United, na 0-0 na-ese na 13 November, mgbe ọ bịara dịka onye nnọchiteanya Zoltan Gera, na nkeji 69th nke egwuregwu ahụ na St James' Park. Etuhu gbara Fulham goolu nke ise ya mgbe ọ gbara nke abụọ na mmeri 6–2 meriri Peterborough United na 8 Jenụwarị 2011 na agba nke atọ nke iko FA. Na 5 Maachị, ọ malitere wee kpọọ nkeji 90 zuru ezu na mmeri 3–2 meriri Blackburn. Na 3 Eprel, ọ gbara na nkeji 72, nke onye mgbachitere Brede Hangeland nyere aka na mmeri Blackpool 3–0 na Craven Cottage. Na 9 Eprel, ọ malitere na mmeri 2–0 meriri Manchester United na Old Trafford tupu Zoltán Gera dochie ya na nkeji 67th.

N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Fulham kwupụtara na Etuhu ahapụla klọb ahụ iji sonyere Danny Murphy na Blackburn Rovers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/Club/News/NewsArticles/2012/August/PlayerDepartures.aspx|title=Player Departures|publisher=Fulham FC|accessdate=12 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805234708/http://www.fulhamfc.com/Club/News/NewsArticles/2012/August/PlayerDepartures.aspx|archivedate=5 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Blackburn Rovers ===
N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Etuhu sonyeere Blackburn Rovers na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ maka ego a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rovers.co.uk/news/article/rovers-seal-etuhu-deal-290547.aspx|title=Rovers seal Etuhu deal|publisher=Blackburn Rovers FC|accessdate=12 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Blackburn na 29 Septemba 2012 megide Charlton Athletic . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/19684223|title=Charlton 1–1 Blackburn|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=29 September 2012|accessdate=5 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== AIK ===
Na 23 Disemba 2014, a mara ọkwa na Swedish AIK nke Allsvenskan nwetara ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya n'efu na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=8985|title=AIK Fotboll värvar Dickson Etuhu|language=sv|publisher=AIK Fotboll|accessdate=23 December 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223132601/http://www.aikfotboll.se/Article.aspx?contentID=8985|archivedate=23 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmalite atọ mbụ ya bịara na iko mba 2014-15 Svenska Cupen, ebe o jisiri ike nweta kaadị odo na egwuregwu ọ bụla. Ọ hapụrụ mmalite nke oge a na-eme kwa afọ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotbolldirekt.se/2015/04/03/tunga-aik-beskedet-ny-skada-stoppar-nyforvarvet/|title=Tunga AIK-beskedet: Ny skada stoppar Etuhu i premiären|date=3 April 2015|language=sv|publisher=Fotbolldirekt.se|accessdate=4 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== IFK Rössjöholm ===
N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2017, Etuhu bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ya na klọb nke ise nke Sweden bụ IFK Rössjöholm . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.expressen.se/sport/fotboll/allsvenskan/skrallen-dickson-etuhu-klar-for-division-5-klubb/|title=Skrällen: Dickson Etuhu klar för division 5-klubb|date=6 August 2017|language=sv|publisher=expressen.se|accessdate=6 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A mara ọkwa na ngwụcha Septemba 2007 na a kpọrọ Etuhu ka ọ gbaa bọọlụ maka mba ya n'ụbọchị iri na anọ nke ọnwa Ọktoba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.safc.com/news/?page_id=13276|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120141950/http://www.safc.com/news/?page_id=13276|archivedate=20 November 2007|title=Etuhu gets Nigeria call|publisher=Sunderland F.C.|date=28 September 2007|accessdate=12 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; O bu ụzọ gbaa bọọlụ enyi na enyi abụọ maka mba ya wee mee asọmpi mba ụwa mbụ ya na Iko Mba Afrịka na Jenụwarị 2008. Etuhu so na ndị otu Naijiria maka 2010 World Cup nke e mere na South Africa. Ọ jụrụ oku n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2011 dị ka onye na-anọchi anya ya ma kwuo na ọ gaghị agba bọọlụ maka onye nkuzi Naịjirịa bụ Samson Siasia, na-akwụsị ọrụ mba ụwa ya nwa oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/news/dickson-etuhu-turns-down-nigerias-last-minute-call-up-against-ghana/532683|title=Dickson Etuhu turns down Nigeria's last minute call up against Ghana|date=8 August 2011|work=Kick Off}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, a kpọghachiri ya na Nọvemba 2011 maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi abụọ n'okpuru onye nkuzi ọhụrụ Stephen Keshi.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Nwanne ya nwoke nke obere bụ Kelvin bụkwa onye na-agba bọọlụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/big-brother-spurs-kelvin-on-1027396|title=Big brother spurs Kelvin on|accessdate=2014-01-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ tolitere na Peckham, n'ebe ndịda London, mana mgbe ahụ, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara Manchester maka Etuhu iji chụsoo ebumnuche ọkachamara ya na City.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Big brother spurs Kelvin on|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/big-brother-spurs-kelvin-on-1027396|publisher=Manchester Evening News|date=15 February 2015|accessdate=6 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2019, ụlọ ikpe Sweden mara ya ikpe maka idozi egwuregwu, ma kwuo na ọ ga-eme mkpesa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Sport&quot; /&gt; Ma ndị na-agbachitere ma ndị ọkàiwu kwuru na ha ga-eme mkpesa banyere ikpe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc.co.uk&quot; /&gt; Na June 2020, a machibidoro Etuhu ịgba bọọlụ afọ ise na Sweden.&lt;ref name=&quot;guardian&quot; /&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
[[w:updated|17 May 2016]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=21775 |title=Dickson Etuhu Career Stats |publisher=Soccerbase |date=17 September 2011 |access-date=17 September 2011 |archive-date=30 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080330072822/http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=21775 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/dickson-etuhu/15675/ |title=D. ETUHU |publisher=Soccerway |date=17 May 2016 |access-date=17 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Egwuregwu
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Manchester City
|2001–02
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|12
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Preston North End
|2001–02
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|16
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|3
|-
|2002–03
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|39
|6
|1
|0
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|44
|6
|-
|2003–04
|Nkebi nke Mbụ
|31
|4
|2
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|34
|4
|-
|2004–05
|Mmeri
|35
|3
|1
|0
|3
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|42
|3
|-
|2005–06
|Mmeri
|13
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!134
!18
!4
!1
!8
!0
!3
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!149
!19
|-
|Norwich City (nke e gbazitere) 
|2005–06
|Mmeri
|8
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Obodo Norwich
|2005–06
|Mmeri
|11
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
|2006–07
|Mmeri
|43
|6
|4
|0
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|50
|7
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!54
!6
!5
!0
!3
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!62
!7
|-
|Sunderland
|2007–08
|Njikọ Premier
|20
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Fulham
|2008–09
|Njikọ Premier
|21
|1
|4
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|1
|-
|2009–10
|Njikọ Premier
|20
|0
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|2
|37
|2
|-
|2010–11
|Njikọ Premier
|28
|2
|1
|1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|3
|-
|2011–12
|Njikọ Premier
|22
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|0
|33
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!91
!3
!8
!1
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!25
!2
!126
!6
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Blackburn Rovers
|2012–13
|Mmeri
|20
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|1
|-
|2013–14
|Mmeri
|3
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!23
!1
!0
!0
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!24
!1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |AIK
|2015
|Allsvenskan
|21
|2
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|0
|30
|2
|-
|2016
|Allsvenskan
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!23
!2
!3
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!6
!0
!32
!2
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!330
!30
!20
!2
!16
!1
!3
!0
!31
!2
!402
!35
|}
Egwuregwu 2011-12 gụnyere egwuregwu na Uefa Cup, na Dnipro na 25 Ọgọst 2011, nke a na-etinyeghị ugbu a na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Soccerbase. Egwuregwu 2015 gụnyere egwuregwu atọ na 2014-15 Svenska Cupen, nke a na-etinyeghị na Soccerbase.

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Fulham'''

* Onye nke abụọ na UEFA Europa League: 2009-102009–10

'''Naịjirịa'''

* Ebe nke atọ nke Africa Cup of Nations: 2010&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/2010a-det.html|title=African Nations Cup 2010 – Final Tournament Details}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Dickson Etuhuna Soccerbase
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Joel Chukwuma Obi''' (amụrụ na 22 Mee 1991), nke a maara dị ka '''Joel Obi''', bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agba ọsọ n'etiti.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Inter ===
[[Faịlụ:Joel_Chukwuma_Obi_-_Inter_Mailand_(1).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Joel Obi na Inter]]
N'afọ 2009, José Mourinho hụrụ ya ma duru ya gaa n'òtù mbụ nke Inter mgbe ụfọdụ. N'afọ 2010, ọbụlagodi na ọ naghị agba bọọlụ, edebanyere aha ya na ndepụta 'A' nke ndị egwuregwu, bụ ndị meriri Champions League na nke ikpeazụ megide Bayern Munich.

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2010, Rafael Benítez kpọgara ya na ndị otu mbụ. Obi mere nke mbụ ya maka Inter na 29 Septemba 2010 na egwuregwu UEFA Champions League megide Werder Bremen . &lt;ref name=&quot;obidebut&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Joel Chukwuma Obi – Profile|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250003339/profile/index.html|publisher=UEFA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara nkeji iri ikpeazụ nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe ọ bịarutere dị ka onye nọchiri anya na nkeji nke 80 maka onye ọgba bọọlụ ibe ya Dejan Stanković. Inter gara n'ihu merie Werder Bremen na 4-0 shutout.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e9-0e75abbcea79-75c484c0b55b-1000--eto-o-hat-trick-eases-inter-past-bremen/|title=Eto'o hat-trick eases Inter past Bremen|date=29 September 2010|accessdate=3 June 2014|publisher=[[UEFA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Obi mere Serie A mbụ ya na 17 Ọktoba 2010 megide Cagliari mgbe ọ nọchiri Philippe Coutinho na nkeji nke iri isii na isii.&lt;ref name=&quot;obidebutitaly&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=2010 Serie A, Round 7|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/foxsoccer/seriea/matchStats?gameId=2010101710759|publisher=Fox Soccer|accessdate=21 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Egwuregwu ahụ mechiri 1-0 site na goolu [[Samuel Eto'o]].

Obi malitere &quot;Milan Derby&quot; na Beijing maka Supercoppa [[Italy|Italian]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;a na 14 Nọvemba mana ekwesịrị dochie ya mgbe naanị nkeji 35 gasịrị n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, Coutinho dochie ya. Na Jenụwarị 2011, Obi na Nwankwo Obiora na-ere ya na Parma maka naanị € 750 na € 300,000 n'otu n'otu. Na otu egwuregwu ọ bụ onye mmalite n'okpuru ma Gian Piero Gasperini na onye nchịkwa ọhụrụ, Claudio Ranieri. Na 27 Septemba ọ malitere mmalite mbụ ya na Njikọ Njikọ, na 1 October, ezigara ya maka oge mbụ na ọrụ ya mgbe kaadị edo edo nke abụọ n'ụlọ Napoli. Na 17 Jenụwarị 2012 Parma rere òkè 50% nke Obi azụ na Inter maka nde €3.2 (€ 1.7 nde gbakwunyere Crisetig) na akwụgoro ụgwọ ọnwa ya na € 600,000 akọwara kwa afọ. Na 29 Eprel, Obi meriri goolu mbụ ya na Serie A megide Cesena, ihe nhata nwa oge 1–1, na mmeri 2–1 mechara. O mechiri oge 2011 – 12 na ngosipụta 27 na Serie A, abụọ na Coppa Italia na asaa na Champions League, gbakwunyere otu na ngwụcha Supercoppa Italiana. Otú ọ dị, e belatara oge ya site na mmerụ ọjọọ nke mere ka ọ nọrọ ogologo oge ezumike.

Remaining at a standstill due to injury, he returned to the field in 2012–13 season, exactly on 4 October, in the victory away from home 1–3 against Neftchi Baku in the Europa League scoring the goal of 0–2,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://it.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0202-0e9d7903f82f-4103b9ffe368-1000--la-baby-inter-convince-a-baku/|title=La baby Inter convince a Baku|work=[[UEFA]]|accessdate=4 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; which was the 500th goal in UEFA&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Il tacco di Coutinho|publisher=[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; competition for Inter. He concluded the season with two appearances in the league, one in the Coppa Italia and one in the Europa League.

==== Parma (nke a gbazinyere) ====
N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2013, e nyere ya Parma, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/en/news/43616|title=Joel Obi moves to Parma|date=2 September 2013|accessdate=3 June 2014|publisher=FC Internazionale Milano}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'egwuregwu ya na Catania, na-anọchi Marco Parolo. Mgbe ọ pụtara naanị ugboro asatọ, ọ laghachiri na Inter.

=== Ịlaghachi na Inter ===
Na 28 August 2014, ọ laghachiri na-egwu Inter na egwuregwu ụlọ meriri 6-0 na Europa League megide Stjarnan. Obi gara n'ihu na-agba egwu dị ka onye ọkpọ n'usoro Walter Mazzarri 3-5-2 n'ihi ọtụtụ mmerụ ahụ nke ndị otu ya. Na 23 Nọvemba, ọ gbara egwu dị ka onye mbido na Milan derby, na-enye ihe nhata (1–1), na mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya nke oge, na-eme mmemme site na mmekpa ahụ. Ọ laghachiri n'ọhịa dị ka onye mbido na egwuregwu ụlọ furu efu 0–1 megide Torino na 25 Jenụwarị 2015, na-egwu egwu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ. Ọ mechiri oge ahụ na egwuregwu iri na asaa na otu goolu. N'ozuzu maka Inter ọ mere ngosi 71 wee nye goolu atọ.

=== Torino ===
N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, Obi gafere Torino maka ego € 2.2 nde ma bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://kicknews24.com/news/official-joel-obi-joins-torino/|title=Official: Joel Obi Joins Torino|publisher=Kicknews24.com|accessdate=3 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065147/http://kicknews24.com/news/official-joel-obi-joins-torino/|archivedate=4 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://torinofc.it/news/02/07/2015/joel-obi-al-toro_8577|title=Joel Obi al Toro|date=2 July 2015|accessdate=2 July 2015|publisher=Torino F.C.|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mbido oge ahụ, o merụrụ ahụ ugboro abụọ, nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha, mere ka ọ ghara ịga ọkara mbụ nke oge 2015-16. Ọ laghachiri n'ọgbọ egwuregwu, na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye mbido na egwuregwu megide Chievo Verona na 7 Febụwarị 2016, Alexander Farnerud nọchiri ya na ọkara nke abụọ. N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2017, ọ pụtara nke iri abụọ na anọ ya na Torino megide Sassulo wee gbaa goolu nke abụọ ya na nke mbụ n'oge ahụ na nkeji iri asatọ na asatọ. Egwuregwu ahụ mechiri 3-0 na-akwado Torino n'ụlọ.

=== Chievo Verona ===
N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, Obi bịanyere aka na klọb Serie A Chievo Verona na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na nhọrọ maka oge ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/chievo/?action=read&amp;idtmw=1145015|accessdate=11 August 2018|title=UFFICIALE: ChievoVerona, ecco Obi: contratto triennale con opzione|archivedate=12 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812021701/https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/chievo/?action=read&amp;idtmw=1145015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Obi gbazinyere klọb [[Turkéy|Turkey]] Alanyaspor na Jenụwarị 2019 maka ọkara nke abụọ nke mkpọsa 2018-19. &lt;ref name=&quot;Salernitana&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joel-obi-salernitana-sign-former-chievo-midfielder/hh2kxid2r3ow1lkhsc63r1ds6|title=Joel Obi: Salernitana sign former Chievo midfielder|work=Goal|date=21 July 2021|accessdate=22 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'Oge 2020-21, onye ọgba bọọlụ ahụ gbara goolu anọ n'egwuregwu 31 nke Serie B maka Chievo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salernitana&quot;/&gt;

Na 21 Julaị 2021, Obi bịanyere aka na klọb U.S. Salernitana 1919 nke e buliri n'ọkwa Serie A n'efu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salernitana&quot;/&gt; Obi kwetara nkwekọrịta otu afọ na nhọrọ nke ịgbatị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salernitana&quot; /&gt;

Na 20 Julaị 2022, Obi sonyeere Reggina na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Reggina|url=https://www.reggina1914.it/notizie/joel-obi-e-un-calciatore-amaranto/|title=JOEL OBI È UN CALCIATORE AMARANTO|date=20 July 2022|accessdate=20 July 2022|language=it|archivedate=21 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021194840/https://www.reggina1914.it/notizie/joel-obi-e-un-calciatore-amaranto/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Vis Pesaro ===
Na Jenụwarị 2024, Obi sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ Serie C Group B Vis Pesaro na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vispesaro1898.it/vis/vis-pesaro-joel-obi-ufficiale/|title=JOEL OBI È BIANCOROSSO!|work=www.vispesaro1898.it|language=Italian|date=10 January 2024|accessdate=10 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Obi mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na 9 Febụwarị 2011 na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ya na Sierra Leone na Lagos. Ọ malitere egwuregwu iri na otu sochirinụ n'usoro maka ''Eagles'' tupu ọ merụọ ahụ na ngwụcha afọ 2012. A kpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu mbụ maka 2014 World Cup. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Oluwashina|author=Okeleji|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=24 November 2014|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka 2018 ''FIFA World Cup na [[Russia]]''. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=World Cup 2018: Arsenal's Iwobi in Nigeria's 23-man squad|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44346451|accessdate=18 October 2022|work=BBC Sport|date=3 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|22 May 2022]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Joel obi Inter Profile |url=http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626163929/http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 |archive-date=26 June 2015 |accessdate=8 May 2026 |archivedate=26 June 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626163929/http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|joel-chukwuma-obi/85498}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Mba ụwa
|2010–11
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Usoro A
|10
|0
|2
|0
|1[a]
|0
|0
|0
|13
|0
|-
|2011–12
|27
|0
|2
|0
|7[a]
|0
|1[b]
|0
|37
|0
|-
|2012–13
|2
|0
|1
|0
|1[c]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|1
|-
|2014–15
|11
|1
|1
|0
|3[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!50
!1
!6
!0
!12
!1
!1
!0
!69
!2
|-
|Parma (nke a gbazinyere) 
|2013–14
|Usoro A
|8
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Torino
|2015–16
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Usoro A
|10
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|1
|-
|2016–17
|20
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|23
|0
|-
|2017–18
|22
|5
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|6
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!52
!6
!7
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!59
!7
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Chievo
|2018–19
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Usoro A
|11
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|1
|-
|2019–20
|29
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|1
|-
|2020–21
|Usoro B
|31
|4
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|32
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!71
!6
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!72
!6
|-
|Alanyaspor (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2018–19
|Süper Lig
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
|Salernitana
|2021–22
|Usoro A
|21
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|23
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!204
!13
!16
!1
!12
!1
!1
!0
!233
!15
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
{{updated|22 June 2018}}&lt;ref&gt;{{NFT player|41934}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2011
|11
|0
|-
|2012
|0
|0
|-
|2013
|0
|0
|-
|2014
|1
|0
|-
|2015
|0
|0
|-
|2016
|0
|0
|-
|2017
|0
|0
|-
|2018
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!16
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* Coppa Italia: 2010-112010–11
* Supercoppa Italiana: 2010
* FIFA Club World Cup: 2010

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>672769</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:28:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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      <comment>/* Mba Nile */</comment>
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'''Joel Chukwuma Obi''' (amụrụ na 22 Mee 1991), nke a maara dị ka '''Joel Obi''', bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agba ọsọ n'etiti.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Inter ===
[[Faịlụ:Joel_Chukwuma_Obi_-_Inter_Mailand_(1).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Joel Obi na Inter]]
N'afọ 2009, José Mourinho hụrụ ya ma duru ya gaa n'òtù mbụ nke Inter mgbe ụfọdụ. N'afọ 2010, ọbụlagodi na ọ naghị agba bọọlụ, edebanyere aha ya na ndepụta 'A' nke ndị egwuregwu, bụ ndị meriri Champions League na nke ikpeazụ megide Bayern Munich.

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2010, Rafael Benítez kpọgara ya na ndị otu mbụ. Obi mere nke mbụ ya maka Inter na 29 Septemba 2010 na egwuregwu UEFA Champions League megide Werder Bremen . &lt;ref name=&quot;obidebut&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Joel Chukwuma Obi – Profile|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250003339/profile/index.html|publisher=UEFA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara nkeji iri ikpeazụ nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe ọ bịarutere dị ka onye nọchiri anya na nkeji nke 80 maka onye ọgba bọọlụ ibe ya Dejan Stanković. Inter gara n'ihu merie Werder Bremen na 4-0 shutout.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e9-0e75abbcea79-75c484c0b55b-1000--eto-o-hat-trick-eases-inter-past-bremen/|title=Eto'o hat-trick eases Inter past Bremen|date=29 September 2010|accessdate=3 June 2014|publisher=[[UEFA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Obi mere Serie A mbụ ya na 17 Ọktoba 2010 megide Cagliari mgbe ọ nọchiri Philippe Coutinho na nkeji nke iri isii na isii.&lt;ref name=&quot;obidebutitaly&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=2010 Serie A, Round 7|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/foxsoccer/seriea/matchStats?gameId=2010101710759|publisher=Fox Soccer|accessdate=21 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Egwuregwu ahụ mechiri 1-0 site na goolu [[Samuel Eto'o]].

Obi malitere &quot;Milan Derby&quot; na Beijing maka Supercoppa [[Italy|Italian]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;a na 14 Nọvemba mana ekwesịrị dochie ya mgbe naanị nkeji 35 gasịrị n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, Coutinho dochie ya. Na Jenụwarị 2011, Obi na Nwankwo Obiora na-ere ya na Parma maka naanị € 750 na € 300,000 n'otu n'otu. Na otu egwuregwu ọ bụ onye mmalite n'okpuru ma Gian Piero Gasperini na onye nchịkwa ọhụrụ, Claudio Ranieri. Na 27 Septemba ọ malitere mmalite mbụ ya na Njikọ Njikọ, na 1 October, ezigara ya maka oge mbụ na ọrụ ya mgbe kaadị edo edo nke abụọ n'ụlọ Napoli. Na 17 Jenụwarị 2012 Parma rere òkè 50% nke Obi azụ na Inter maka nde €3.2 (€ 1.7 nde gbakwunyere Crisetig) na akwụgoro ụgwọ ọnwa ya na € 600,000 akọwara kwa afọ. Na 29 Eprel, Obi meriri goolu mbụ ya na Serie A megide Cesena, ihe nhata nwa oge 1–1, na mmeri 2–1 mechara. O mechiri oge 2011 – 12 na ngosipụta 27 na Serie A, abụọ na Coppa Italia na asaa na Champions League, gbakwunyere otu na ngwụcha Supercoppa Italiana. Otú ọ dị, e belatara oge ya site na mmerụ ọjọọ nke mere ka ọ nọrọ ogologo oge ezumike.

Remaining at a standstill due to injury, he returned to the field in 2012–13 season, exactly on 4 October, in the victory away from home 1–3 against Neftchi Baku in the Europa League scoring the goal of 0–2,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://it.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0202-0e9d7903f82f-4103b9ffe368-1000--la-baby-inter-convince-a-baku/|title=La baby Inter convince a Baku|work=[[UEFA]]|accessdate=4 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; which was the 500th goal in UEFA&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Il tacco di Coutinho|publisher=[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; competition for Inter. He concluded the season with two appearances in the league, one in the Coppa Italia and one in the Europa League.

==== Parma (nke a gbazinyere) ====
N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2013, e nyere ya Parma, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/en/news/43616|title=Joel Obi moves to Parma|date=2 September 2013|accessdate=3 June 2014|publisher=FC Internazionale Milano}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'egwuregwu ya na Catania, na-anọchi Marco Parolo. Mgbe ọ pụtara naanị ugboro asatọ, ọ laghachiri na Inter.

=== Ịlaghachi na Inter ===
Na 28 August 2014, ọ laghachiri na-egwu Inter na egwuregwu ụlọ meriri 6-0 na Europa League megide Stjarnan. Obi gara n'ihu na-agba egwu dị ka onye ọkpọ n'usoro Walter Mazzarri 3-5-2 n'ihi ọtụtụ mmerụ ahụ nke ndị otu ya. Na 23 Nọvemba, ọ gbara egwu dị ka onye mbido na Milan derby, na-enye ihe nhata (1–1), na mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya nke oge, na-eme mmemme site na mmekpa ahụ. Ọ laghachiri n'ọhịa dị ka onye mbido na egwuregwu ụlọ furu efu 0–1 megide Torino na 25 Jenụwarị 2015, na-egwu egwu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ. Ọ mechiri oge ahụ na egwuregwu iri na asaa na otu goolu. N'ozuzu maka Inter ọ mere ngosi 71 wee nye goolu atọ.

=== Torino ===
N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, Obi gafere Torino maka ego € 2.2 nde ma bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://kicknews24.com/news/official-joel-obi-joins-torino/|title=Official: Joel Obi Joins Torino|publisher=Kicknews24.com|accessdate=3 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065147/http://kicknews24.com/news/official-joel-obi-joins-torino/|archivedate=4 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://torinofc.it/news/02/07/2015/joel-obi-al-toro_8577|title=Joel Obi al Toro|date=2 July 2015|accessdate=2 July 2015|publisher=Torino F.C.|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mbido oge ahụ, o merụrụ ahụ ugboro abụọ, nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha, mere ka ọ ghara ịga ọkara mbụ nke oge 2015-16. Ọ laghachiri n'ọgbọ egwuregwu, na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye mbido na egwuregwu megide Chievo Verona na 7 Febụwarị 2016, Alexander Farnerud nọchiri ya na ọkara nke abụọ. N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2017, ọ pụtara nke iri abụọ na anọ ya na Torino megide Sassulo wee gbaa goolu nke abụọ ya na nke mbụ n'oge ahụ na nkeji iri asatọ na asatọ. Egwuregwu ahụ mechiri 3-0 na-akwado Torino n'ụlọ.

=== Chievo Verona ===
N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, Obi bịanyere aka na klọb Serie A Chievo Verona na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na nhọrọ maka oge ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/chievo/?action=read&amp;idtmw=1145015|accessdate=11 August 2018|title=UFFICIALE: ChievoVerona, ecco Obi: contratto triennale con opzione|archivedate=12 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812021701/https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/chievo/?action=read&amp;idtmw=1145015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Obi gbazinyere klọb [[Turkéy|Turkey]] Alanyaspor na Jenụwarị 2019 maka ọkara nke abụọ nke mkpọsa 2018-19. &lt;ref name=&quot;Salernitana&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joel-obi-salernitana-sign-former-chievo-midfielder/hh2kxid2r3ow1lkhsc63r1ds6|title=Joel Obi: Salernitana sign former Chievo midfielder|work=Goal|date=21 July 2021|accessdate=22 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'Oge 2020-21, onye ọgba bọọlụ ahụ gbara goolu anọ n'egwuregwu 31 nke Serie B maka Chievo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salernitana&quot;/&gt;

Na 21 Julaị 2021, Obi bịanyere aka na klọb U.S. Salernitana 1919 nke e buliri n'ọkwa Serie A n'efu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salernitana&quot;/&gt; Obi kwetara nkwekọrịta otu afọ na nhọrọ nke ịgbatị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salernitana&quot; /&gt;

Na 20 Julaị 2022, Obi sonyeere Reggina na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Reggina|url=https://www.reggina1914.it/notizie/joel-obi-e-un-calciatore-amaranto/|title=JOEL OBI È UN CALCIATORE AMARANTO|date=20 July 2022|accessdate=20 July 2022|language=it|archivedate=21 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021194840/https://www.reggina1914.it/notizie/joel-obi-e-un-calciatore-amaranto/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Vis Pesaro ===
Na Jenụwarị 2024, Obi sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ Serie C Group B Vis Pesaro na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vispesaro1898.it/vis/vis-pesaro-joel-obi-ufficiale/|title=JOEL OBI È BIANCOROSSO!|work=www.vispesaro1898.it|language=Italian|date=10 January 2024|accessdate=10 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Obi mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na 9 Febụwarị 2011 na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ya na Sierra Leone na Lagos. Ọ malitere egwuregwu iri na otu sochirinụ n'usoro maka ''Eagles'' tupu ọ merụọ ahụ na ngwụcha afọ 2012. A kpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu mbụ maka 2014 World Cup. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Oluwashina|author=Okeleji|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=24 November 2014|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka 2018 ''FIFA World Cup na [[Russia]]''. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=World Cup 2018: Arsenal's Iwobi in Nigeria's 23-man squad|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44346451|accessdate=18 October 2022|work=BBC Sport|date=3 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|22 May 2022]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Joel obi Inter Profile |url=http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626163929/http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 |archive-date=26 June 2015 |accessdate=8 May 2026 |archivedate=26 June 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626163929/http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|joel-chukwuma-obi/85498}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Mba ụwa
|2010–11
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Usoro A
|10
|0
|2
|0
|1[a]
|0
|0
|0
|13
|0
|-
|2011–12
|27
|0
|2
|0
|7[a]
|0
|1[b]
|0
|37
|0
|-
|2012–13
|2
|0
|1
|0
|1[c]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|1
|-
|2014–15
|11
|1
|1
|0
|3[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!50
!1
!6
!0
!12
!1
!1
!0
!69
!2
|-
|Parma (nke a gbazinyere) 
|2013–14
|Usoro A
|8
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Torino
|2015–16
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Usoro A
|10
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|1
|-
|2016–17
|20
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|23
|0
|-
|2017–18
|22
|5
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|6
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!52
!6
!7
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!59
!7
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Chievo
|2018–19
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Usoro A
|11
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|1
|-
|2019–20
|29
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|1
|-
|2020–21
|Usoro B
|31
|4
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|32
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!71
!6
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!72
!6
|-
|Alanyaspor (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2018–19
|Süper Lig
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
|Salernitana
|2021–22
|Usoro A
|21
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|23
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!204
!13
!16
!1
!12
!1
!1
!0
!233
!15
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|22 June 2018]]&lt;ref&gt;{{NFT player|41934}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2011
|11
|0
|-
|2012
|0
|0
|-
|2013
|0
|0
|-
|2014
|1
|0
|-
|2015
|0
|0
|-
|2016
|0
|0
|-
|2017
|0
|0
|-
|2018
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!16
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* Coppa Italia: 2010-112010–11
* Supercoppa Italiana: 2010
* FIFA Club World Cup: 2010

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>istnqhnw2y9ujjpwc6huk3oneoq1uud</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672770</id>
      <parentid>672769</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:28:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>672770</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12161" sha1="2v3hpzjdh0r83fxresu6djb4rg2ucqp" xml:space="preserve">
'''Joel Chukwuma Obi''' (amụrụ na 22 Mee 1991), nke a maara dị ka '''Joel Obi''', bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agba ọsọ n'etiti.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Inter ===
[[Faịlụ:Joel_Chukwuma_Obi_-_Inter_Mailand_(1).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Joel Obi na Inter]]
N'afọ 2009, José Mourinho hụrụ ya ma duru ya gaa n'òtù mbụ nke Inter mgbe ụfọdụ. N'afọ 2010, ọbụlagodi na ọ naghị agba bọọlụ, edebanyere aha ya na ndepụta 'A' nke ndị egwuregwu, bụ ndị meriri Champions League na nke ikpeazụ megide Bayern Munich.

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2010, Rafael Benítez kpọgara ya na ndị otu mbụ. Obi mere nke mbụ ya maka Inter na 29 Septemba 2010 na egwuregwu UEFA Champions League megide Werder Bremen . &lt;ref name=&quot;obidebut&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Joel Chukwuma Obi – Profile|url=http://www.uefa.com/teamsandplayers/players/player=250003339/profile/index.html|publisher=UEFA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara nkeji iri ikpeazụ nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe ọ bịarutere dị ka onye nọchiri anya na nkeji nke 80 maka onye ọgba bọọlụ ibe ya Dejan Stanković. Inter gara n'ihu merie Werder Bremen na 4-0 shutout.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01e9-0e75abbcea79-75c484c0b55b-1000--eto-o-hat-trick-eases-inter-past-bremen/|title=Eto'o hat-trick eases Inter past Bremen|date=29 September 2010|accessdate=3 June 2014|publisher=[[UEFA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Obi mere Serie A mbụ ya na 17 Ọktoba 2010 megide Cagliari mgbe ọ nọchiri Philippe Coutinho na nkeji nke iri isii na isii.&lt;ref name=&quot;obidebutitaly&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=2010 Serie A, Round 7|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/foxsoccer/seriea/matchStats?gameId=2010101710759|publisher=Fox Soccer|accessdate=21 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Egwuregwu ahụ mechiri 1-0 site na goolu [[Samuel Eto'o]].

Obi malitere &quot;Milan Derby&quot; na Beijing maka Supercoppa [[Italy|Italian]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;a na 14 Nọvemba mana ekwesịrị dochie ya mgbe naanị nkeji 35 gasịrị n'ihi mmerụ ahụ, Coutinho dochie ya. Na Jenụwarị 2011, Obi na Nwankwo Obiora na-ere ya na Parma maka naanị € 750 na € 300,000 n'otu n'otu. Na otu egwuregwu ọ bụ onye mmalite n'okpuru ma Gian Piero Gasperini na onye nchịkwa ọhụrụ, Claudio Ranieri. Na 27 Septemba ọ malitere mmalite mbụ ya na Njikọ Njikọ, na 1 October, ezigara ya maka oge mbụ na ọrụ ya mgbe kaadị edo edo nke abụọ n'ụlọ Napoli. Na 17 Jenụwarị 2012 Parma rere òkè 50% nke Obi azụ na Inter maka nde €3.2 (€ 1.7 nde gbakwunyere Crisetig) na akwụgoro ụgwọ ọnwa ya na € 600,000 akọwara kwa afọ. Na 29 Eprel, Obi meriri goolu mbụ ya na Serie A megide Cesena, ihe nhata nwa oge 1–1, na mmeri 2–1 mechara. O mechiri oge 2011 – 12 na ngosipụta 27 na Serie A, abụọ na Coppa Italia na asaa na Champions League, gbakwunyere otu na ngwụcha Supercoppa Italiana. Otú ọ dị, e belatara oge ya site na mmerụ ọjọọ nke mere ka ọ nọrọ ogologo oge ezumike.

Remaining at a standstill due to injury, he returned to the field in 2012–13 season, exactly on 4 October, in the victory away from home 1–3 against Neftchi Baku in the Europa League scoring the goal of 0–2,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://it.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0202-0e9d7903f82f-4103b9ffe368-1000--la-baby-inter-convince-a-baku/|title=La baby Inter convince a Baku|work=[[UEFA]]|accessdate=4 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; which was the 500th goal in UEFA&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Il tacco di Coutinho|publisher=[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; competition for Inter. He concluded the season with two appearances in the league, one in the Coppa Italia and one in the Europa League.

==== Parma (nke a gbazinyere) ====
N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2013, e nyere ya Parma, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.inter.it/en/news/43616|title=Joel Obi moves to Parma|date=2 September 2013|accessdate=3 June 2014|publisher=FC Internazionale Milano}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'egwuregwu ya na Catania, na-anọchi Marco Parolo. Mgbe ọ pụtara naanị ugboro asatọ, ọ laghachiri na Inter.

=== Ịlaghachi na Inter ===
Na 28 August 2014, ọ laghachiri na-egwu Inter na egwuregwu ụlọ meriri 6-0 na Europa League megide Stjarnan. Obi gara n'ihu na-agba egwu dị ka onye ọkpọ n'usoro Walter Mazzarri 3-5-2 n'ihi ọtụtụ mmerụ ahụ nke ndị otu ya. Na 23 Nọvemba, ọ gbara egwu dị ka onye mbido na Milan derby, na-enye ihe nhata (1–1), na mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya nke oge, na-eme mmemme site na mmekpa ahụ. Ọ laghachiri n'ọhịa dị ka onye mbido na egwuregwu ụlọ furu efu 0–1 megide Torino na 25 Jenụwarị 2015, na-egwu egwu dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ. Ọ mechiri oge ahụ na egwuregwu iri na asaa na otu goolu. N'ozuzu maka Inter ọ mere ngosi 71 wee nye goolu atọ.

=== Torino ===
N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2015, Obi gafere Torino maka ego € 2.2 nde ma bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://kicknews24.com/news/official-joel-obi-joins-torino/|title=Official: Joel Obi Joins Torino|publisher=Kicknews24.com|accessdate=3 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065147/http://kicknews24.com/news/official-joel-obi-joins-torino/|archivedate=4 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://torinofc.it/news/02/07/2015/joel-obi-al-toro_8577|title=Joel Obi al Toro|date=2 July 2015|accessdate=2 July 2015|publisher=Torino F.C.|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mbido oge ahụ, o merụrụ ahụ ugboro abụọ, nke ikpeazụ n'ime ha, mere ka ọ ghara ịga ọkara mbụ nke oge 2015-16. Ọ laghachiri n'ọgbọ egwuregwu, na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye mbido na egwuregwu megide Chievo Verona na 7 Febụwarị 2016, Alexander Farnerud nọchiri ya na ọkara nke abụọ. N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2017, ọ pụtara nke iri abụọ na anọ ya na Torino megide Sassulo wee gbaa goolu nke abụọ ya na nke mbụ n'oge ahụ na nkeji iri asatọ na asatọ. Egwuregwu ahụ mechiri 3-0 na-akwado Torino n'ụlọ.

=== Chievo Verona ===
N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, Obi bịanyere aka na klọb Serie A Chievo Verona na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na nhọrọ maka oge ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/chievo/?action=read&amp;idtmw=1145015|accessdate=11 August 2018|title=UFFICIALE: ChievoVerona, ecco Obi: contratto triennale con opzione|archivedate=12 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812021701/https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/chievo/?action=read&amp;idtmw=1145015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Obi gbazinyere klọb [[Turkéy|Turkey]] Alanyaspor na Jenụwarị 2019 maka ọkara nke abụọ nke mkpọsa 2018-19. &lt;ref name=&quot;Salernitana&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joel-obi-salernitana-sign-former-chievo-midfielder/hh2kxid2r3ow1lkhsc63r1ds6|title=Joel Obi: Salernitana sign former Chievo midfielder|work=Goal|date=21 July 2021|accessdate=22 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'Oge 2020-21, onye ọgba bọọlụ ahụ gbara goolu anọ n'egwuregwu 31 nke Serie B maka Chievo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salernitana&quot;/&gt;

Na 21 Julaị 2021, Obi bịanyere aka na klọb U.S. Salernitana 1919 nke e buliri n'ọkwa Serie A n'efu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salernitana&quot;/&gt; Obi kwetara nkwekọrịta otu afọ na nhọrọ nke ịgbatị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salernitana&quot; /&gt;

Na 20 Julaị 2022, Obi sonyeere Reggina na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Reggina|url=https://www.reggina1914.it/notizie/joel-obi-e-un-calciatore-amaranto/|title=JOEL OBI È UN CALCIATORE AMARANTO|date=20 July 2022|accessdate=20 July 2022|language=it|archivedate=21 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021194840/https://www.reggina1914.it/notizie/joel-obi-e-un-calciatore-amaranto/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Vis Pesaro ===
Na Jenụwarị 2024, Obi sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ Serie C Group B Vis Pesaro na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vispesaro1898.it/vis/vis-pesaro-joel-obi-ufficiale/|title=JOEL OBI È BIANCOROSSO!|work=www.vispesaro1898.it|language=Italian|date=10 January 2024|accessdate=10 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Obi mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na 9 Febụwarị 2011 na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ya na Sierra Leone na Lagos. Ọ malitere egwuregwu iri na otu sochirinụ n'usoro maka ''Eagles'' tupu ọ merụọ ahụ na ngwụcha afọ 2012. A kpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu mbụ maka 2014 World Cup. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Oluwashina|author=Okeleji|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=24 November 2014|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka 2018 ''FIFA World Cup na [[Russia]]''. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=World Cup 2018: Arsenal's Iwobi in Nigeria's 23-man squad|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44346451|accessdate=18 October 2022|work=BBC Sport|date=3 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|22 May 2022]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Joel obi Inter Profile |url=http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626163929/http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 |archive-date=26 June 2015 |accessdate=8 May 2026 |archivedate=26 June 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626163929/http://www.inter.it/en/squadra/G0851 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|joel-chukwuma-obi/85498}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Mba ụwa
|2010–11
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Usoro A
|10
|0
|2
|0
|1[a]
|0
|0
|0
|13
|0
|-
|2011–12
|27
|0
|2
|0
|7[a]
|0
|1[b]
|0
|37
|0
|-
|2012–13
|2
|0
|1
|0
|1[c]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|1
|-
|2014–15
|11
|1
|1
|0
|3[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!50
!1
!6
!0
!12
!1
!1
!0
!69
!2
|-
|Parma (nke a gbazinyere) 
|2013–14
|Usoro A
|8
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Torino
|2015–16
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Usoro A
|10
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|1
|-
|2016–17
|20
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|23
|0
|-
|2017–18
|22
|5
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|6
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!52
!6
!7
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!59
!7
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Chievo
|2018–19
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Usoro A
|11
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|1
|-
|2019–20
|29
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|1
|-
|2020–21
|Usoro B
|31
|4
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|32
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!71
!6
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!72
!6
|-
|Alanyaspor (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2018–19
|Süper Lig
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
|Salernitana
|2021–22
|Usoro A
|21
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|23
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!204
!13
!16
!1
!12
!1
!1
!0
!233
!15
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|22 June 2018]]&lt;ref&gt;{{NFT player|41934}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2011
|11
|0
|-
|2012
|0
|0
|-
|2013
|0
|0
|-
|2014
|1
|0
|-
|2015
|0
|0
|-
|2016
|0
|0
|-
|2017
|0
|0
|-
|2018
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!16
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* Coppa Italia: 2010-112010–11
* Supercoppa Italiana: 2010
* FIFA Club World Cup: 2010

== Edensibia ==
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'''Fegor Ogude''' MON (amụrụ na 29 Julaị 1987) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti ma ọ bụ onye na-azụ azụ.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ogude malitere ọrụ ya dị elu na otu ndị Naijiria Warri Wolves, ebe ọ bụ onyeisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://westafricanfootball.com/2010/10/26/special-report-%E2%80%93-list-of-scorers-in-the-nigeria-football-league-2009-2010-part-five/|title=SPECIAL REPORT – LIST OF SCORERS IN THE NIGERIA FOOTBALL LEAGUE 2009-2010 (PART FIVE)|date=26 October 2010|work=WEST AFRICAN FOOTBALL|accessdate=28 March 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;signing&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Vålerenga henter landslagsspiller|url=http://www.vif-fotball.no/article2973551.ece|accessdate=31 August 2010|work=VIF-Fotball.no|date=31 August 2010|language=no}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. ''VIF-Fotball.no'' (in Norwegian). 31 August 2010. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100905004433/http://www.vif-fotball.no/article2973551.ece the original] on 5 September 2010&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;31 August&lt;/span&gt; 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 31 August 2010, ọ bịanyere aka na Vålerenga otu Norwegian. Klọb ahụ sochiri ya nke ọma mgbe e kpechara ya ikpe na klọb, n'oge ọkọchị nke 2009.[1] O nwekwara onyinye sitere na klọb abụọ Norwegian, mana ọ họọrọ Vålerenga Oslo.

Na 14 Jenụwarị 2014, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ruo June 2016 maka otu Russia Amkar Perm . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fc-amkar.org/news/?id=28507/|title=Первый новичок 2014 года {{!}} Футбольный клуб &quot;АМКАР&quot; Пермь|work=fc-amkar.org|language=ru|accessdate=28 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 2016, Ogude bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ ọhụrụ na Amkar Perm. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://rsport.ru/football/20160630/965475170.html|work=rsport.ru|publisher=Rsport|accessdate=6 December 2016|language=ru|date=30 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 5 Julaị 2018, Ogude bịanyere aka na Yenisey Krasnoyarsk. [1] Mgbe Yenisey chụpụrụ na Premier League nke Russia na njedebe nke oge 2018-19, klọb ahụ wepụtara Ogude. 

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A họpụtara Ogude maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naijiria]] na asọmpi Iko Mba Afrịka megide Madagascar. &lt;ref name=&quot;signing&quot;/&gt;

A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka Iko Mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogude meriri na Africa Cup of Nations na Naịjirịa n'afọ 2013.

A họpụtara ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{{updated|match played 26 May 2019}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=F.Ogude|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/fengor-ogude/63340/|website=Soccerway/|publisher=Soccerway|access-date=31 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Vålerenga
|2010
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Tippeligaen
|6
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|0
|-
|2011
|25
|6
|1
|3
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|30
|9
|-
|2012
|8
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
|2013
|12
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!51
!6
!1
!3
!4
!0
!0
!0
!56
!9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Amkar Perm
|2013–14
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|9
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|3
|-
|2014–15
|24
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|1
|-
|2015–16
|22
|0
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|26
|0
|-
|2016–17
|18
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|0
|-
|2017–18
|15
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[a]
|0
|19
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!88
!4
!7
!0
!0
!0
!2
!0
!97
!4
|-
|Yenisey Krasnoyarsk
|2018–19
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|26
|1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!164
!11
!10
!3
!4
!0
!2
!0
!181
!14
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ 
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2011
|8
|0
|-
|2012
|0
|0
|-
|2013
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!16
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Naịjirịa'''

* Iko Mba Afrịka (1): 2013

'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}[[w:Navboxes|title=Nigeria]] squads|bg=#008751|fg=White|bordercolor=|list1={{Nigeria squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations}}
{{Nigeria squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}}}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ogude, Fegor}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <id>672762</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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'''Fegor Ogude''' MON (amụrụ na 29 Julaị 1987) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti ma ọ bụ onye na-azụ azụ.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ogude malitere ọrụ ya dị elu na otu ndị Naijiria Warri Wolves, ebe ọ bụ onyeisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://westafricanfootball.com/2010/10/26/special-report-%E2%80%93-list-of-scorers-in-the-nigeria-football-league-2009-2010-part-five/|title=SPECIAL REPORT – LIST OF SCORERS IN THE NIGERIA FOOTBALL LEAGUE 2009-2010 (PART FIVE)|date=26 October 2010|work=WEST AFRICAN FOOTBALL|accessdate=28 March 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;signing&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Vålerenga henter landslagsspiller|url=http://www.vif-fotball.no/article2973551.ece|accessdate=31 August 2010|work=VIF-Fotball.no|date=31 August 2010|language=no}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. ''VIF-Fotball.no'' (in Norwegian). 31 August 2010. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100905004433/http://www.vif-fotball.no/article2973551.ece the original] on 5 September 2010&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;31 August&lt;/span&gt; 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 31 August 2010, ọ bịanyere aka na Vålerenga otu Norwegian. Klọb ahụ sochiri ya nke ọma mgbe e kpechara ya ikpe na klọb, n'oge ọkọchị nke 2009.[1] O nwekwara onyinye sitere na klọb abụọ Norwegian, mana ọ họọrọ Vålerenga Oslo.

Na 14 Jenụwarị 2014, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ruo June 2016 maka otu Russia Amkar Perm . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fc-amkar.org/news/?id=28507/|title=Первый новичок 2014 года {{!}} Футбольный клуб &quot;АМКАР&quot; Пермь|work=fc-amkar.org|language=ru|accessdate=28 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 2016, Ogude bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ ọhụrụ na Amkar Perm. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://rsport.ru/football/20160630/965475170.html|work=rsport.ru|publisher=Rsport|accessdate=6 December 2016|language=ru|date=30 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 5 Julaị 2018, Ogude bịanyere aka na Yenisey Krasnoyarsk. [1] Mgbe Yenisey chụpụrụ na Premier League nke Russia na njedebe nke oge 2018-19, klọb ahụ wepụtara Ogude. 

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A họpụtara Ogude maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naijiria]] na asọmpi Iko Mba Afrịka megide Madagascar. &lt;ref name=&quot;signing&quot;/&gt;

A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka Iko Mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogude meriri na Africa Cup of Nations na Naịjirịa n'afọ 2013.

A họpụtara ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 26 May 2019]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=F.Ogude|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/fengor-ogude/63340/|website=Soccerway/|publisher=Soccerway|access-date=31 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Vålerenga
|2010
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Tippeligaen
|6
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|0
|-
|2011
|25
|6
|1
|3
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|30
|9
|-
|2012
|8
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
|2013
|12
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!51
!6
!1
!3
!4
!0
!0
!0
!56
!9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Amkar Perm
|2013–14
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|9
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|3
|-
|2014–15
|24
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|1
|-
|2015–16
|22
|0
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|26
|0
|-
|2016–17
|18
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|0
|-
|2017–18
|15
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[a]
|0
|19
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!88
!4
!7
!0
!0
!0
!2
!0
!97
!4
|-
|Yenisey Krasnoyarsk
|2018–19
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|26
|1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!164
!11
!10
!3
!4
!0
!2
!0
!181
!14
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ 
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2011
|8
|0
|-
|2012
|0
|0
|-
|2013
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!16
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Naịjirịa'''

* Iko Mba Afrịka (1): 2013

'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}[[w:Navboxes|title=Nigeria]] squads|bg=#008751|fg=White|bordercolor=|list1={{Nigeria squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations}}
{{Nigeria squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup}}}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ogude, Fegor}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>672765</id>
      <parentid>672762</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:25:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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'''Fegor Ogude''' MON (amụrụ na 29 Julaị 1987) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti ma ọ bụ onye na-azụ azụ.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ogude malitere ọrụ ya dị elu na otu ndị Naijiria Warri Wolves, ebe ọ bụ onyeisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://westafricanfootball.com/2010/10/26/special-report-%E2%80%93-list-of-scorers-in-the-nigeria-football-league-2009-2010-part-five/|title=SPECIAL REPORT – LIST OF SCORERS IN THE NIGERIA FOOTBALL LEAGUE 2009-2010 (PART FIVE)|date=26 October 2010|work=WEST AFRICAN FOOTBALL|accessdate=28 March 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;signing&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Vålerenga henter landslagsspiller|url=http://www.vif-fotball.no/article2973551.ece|accessdate=31 August 2010|work=VIF-Fotball.no|date=31 August 2010|language=no}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. ''VIF-Fotball.no'' (in Norwegian). 31 August 2010. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100905004433/http://www.vif-fotball.no/article2973551.ece the original] on 5 September 2010&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;31 August&lt;/span&gt; 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 31 August 2010, ọ bịanyere aka na Vålerenga otu Norwegian. Klọb ahụ sochiri ya nke ọma mgbe e kpechara ya ikpe na klọb, n'oge ọkọchị nke 2009.[1] O nwekwara onyinye sitere na klọb abụọ Norwegian, mana ọ họọrọ Vålerenga Oslo.

Na 14 Jenụwarị 2014, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ruo June 2016 maka otu Russia Amkar Perm . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fc-amkar.org/news/?id=28507/|title=Первый новичок 2014 года {{!}} Футбольный клуб &quot;АМКАР&quot; Пермь|work=fc-amkar.org|language=ru|accessdate=28 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 2016, Ogude bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ ọhụrụ na Amkar Perm. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://rsport.ru/football/20160630/965475170.html|work=rsport.ru|publisher=Rsport|accessdate=6 December 2016|language=ru|date=30 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 5 Julaị 2018, Ogude bịanyere aka na Yenisey Krasnoyarsk. [1] Mgbe Yenisey chụpụrụ na Premier League nke Russia na njedebe nke oge 2018-19, klọb ahụ wepụtara Ogude. 

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A họpụtara Ogude maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naijiria]] na asọmpi Iko Mba Afrịka megide Madagascar. &lt;ref name=&quot;signing&quot;/&gt;

A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka Iko Mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogude meriri na Africa Cup of Nations na Naịjirịa n'afọ 2013.

A họpụtara ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 26 May 2019]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=F.Ogude|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/fengor-ogude/63340/|website=Soccerway/|publisher=Soccerway|access-date=31 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Vålerenga
|2010
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Tippeligaen
|6
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|0
|-
|2011
|25
|6
|1
|3
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|30
|9
|-
|2012
|8
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
|2013
|12
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!51
!6
!1
!3
!4
!0
!0
!0
!56
!9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Amkar Perm
|2013–14
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|9
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|3
|-
|2014–15
|24
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|1
|-
|2015–16
|22
|0
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|26
|0
|-
|2016–17
|18
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|0
|-
|2017–18
|15
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[a]
|0
|19
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!88
!4
!7
!0
!0
!0
!2
!0
!97
!4
|-
|Yenisey Krasnoyarsk
|2018–19
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|26
|1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!164
!11
!10
!3
!4
!0
!2
!0
!181
!14
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ 
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2011
|8
|0
|-
|2012
|0
|0
|-
|2013
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!16
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Naịjirịa'''

* Iko Mba Afrịka (1): 2013

'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==

[[w:|Nigeria squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations]]

[[w:|Nigeria squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup]]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ogude, Fegor}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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      <comment>/* Edensibia */</comment>
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'''Fegor Ogude''' MON (amụrụ na 29 Julaị 1987) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti ma ọ bụ onye na-azụ azụ.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ogude malitere ọrụ ya dị elu na otu ndị Naijiria Warri Wolves, ebe ọ bụ onyeisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://westafricanfootball.com/2010/10/26/special-report-%E2%80%93-list-of-scorers-in-the-nigeria-football-league-2009-2010-part-five/|title=SPECIAL REPORT – LIST OF SCORERS IN THE NIGERIA FOOTBALL LEAGUE 2009-2010 (PART FIVE)|date=26 October 2010|work=WEST AFRICAN FOOTBALL|accessdate=28 March 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;signing&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Vålerenga henter landslagsspiller|url=http://www.vif-fotball.no/article2973551.ece|accessdate=31 August 2010|work=VIF-Fotball.no|date=31 August 2010|language=no}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. ''VIF-Fotball.no'' (in Norwegian). 31 August 2010. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100905004433/http://www.vif-fotball.no/article2973551.ece the original] on 5 September 2010&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;31 August&lt;/span&gt; 2010&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 31 August 2010, ọ bịanyere aka na Vålerenga otu Norwegian. Klọb ahụ sochiri ya nke ọma mgbe e kpechara ya ikpe na klọb, n'oge ọkọchị nke 2009.[1] O nwekwara onyinye sitere na klọb abụọ Norwegian, mana ọ họọrọ Vålerenga Oslo.

Na 14 Jenụwarị 2014, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ruo June 2016 maka otu Russia Amkar Perm . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fc-amkar.org/news/?id=28507/|title=Первый новичок 2014 года {{!}} Футбольный клуб &quot;АМКАР&quot; Пермь|work=fc-amkar.org|language=ru|accessdate=28 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 2016, Ogude bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ ọhụrụ na Amkar Perm. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://rsport.ru/football/20160630/965475170.html|work=rsport.ru|publisher=Rsport|accessdate=6 December 2016|language=ru|date=30 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 5 Julaị 2018, Ogude bịanyere aka na Yenisey Krasnoyarsk. [1] Mgbe Yenisey chụpụrụ na Premier League nke Russia na njedebe nke oge 2018-19, klọb ahụ wepụtara Ogude. 

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A họpụtara Ogude maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naijiria]] na asọmpi Iko Mba Afrịka megide Madagascar. &lt;ref name=&quot;signing&quot;/&gt;

A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka Iko Mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogude meriri na Africa Cup of Nations na Naịjirịa n'afọ 2013.

A họpụtara ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 26 May 2019]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=F.Ogude|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/fengor-ogude/63340/|website=Soccerway/|publisher=Soccerway|access-date=31 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Vålerenga
|2010
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Tippeligaen
|6
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|0
|-
|2011
|25
|6
|1
|3
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|30
|9
|-
|2012
|8
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
|2013
|12
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!51
!6
!1
!3
!4
!0
!0
!0
!56
!9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Amkar Perm
|2013–14
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|9
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|3
|-
|2014–15
|24
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|1
|-
|2015–16
|22
|0
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|26
|0
|-
|2016–17
|18
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|0
|-
|2017–18
|15
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[a]
|0
|19
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!88
!4
!7
!0
!0
!0
!2
!0
!97
!4
|-
|Yenisey Krasnoyarsk
|2018–19
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|26
|1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!164
!11
!10
!3
!4
!0
!2
!0
!181
!14
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ 
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2011
|8
|0
|-
|2012
|0
|0
|-
|2013
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!16
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Naịjirịa'''

* Iko Mba Afrịka (1): 2013

'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==

[[w:|Nigeria squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations]]

[[w:|Nigeria squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ogude, Fegor}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>672767</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:25:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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      <origin>672767</origin>
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'''Fegor Ogude''' MON (amụrụ na 29 Julaị 1987) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti ma ọ bụ onye na-azụ azụ.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ogude malitere ọrụ ya dị elu na otu ndị Naijiria Warri Wolves, ebe ọ bụ onyeisi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://westafricanfootball.com/2010/10/26/special-report-%E2%80%93-list-of-scorers-in-the-nigeria-football-league-2009-2010-part-five/|title=SPECIAL REPORT – LIST OF SCORERS IN THE NIGERIA FOOTBALL LEAGUE 2009-2010 (PART FIVE)|date=26 October 2010|work=WEST AFRICAN FOOTBALL|accessdate=28 March 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;signing&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Vålerenga henter landslagsspiller|url=http://www.vif-fotball.no/article2973551.ece|accessdate=31 August 2010|work=VIF-Fotball.no|date=31 August 2010|language=no}}
[[Category:CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 31 August 2010, ọ bịanyere aka na Vålerenga otu Norwegian. Klọb ahụ sochiri ya nke ọma mgbe e kpechara ya ikpe na klọb, n'oge ọkọchị nke 2009.[1] O nwekwara onyinye sitere na klọb abụọ Norwegian, mana ọ họọrọ Vålerenga Oslo.

Na 14 Jenụwarị 2014, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ruo June 2016 maka otu Russia Amkar Perm . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fc-amkar.org/news/?id=28507/|title=Первый новичок 2014 года {{!}} Футбольный клуб &quot;АМКАР&quot; Пермь|work=fc-amkar.org|language=ru|accessdate=28 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na June 2016, Ogude bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ ọhụrụ na Amkar Perm. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://rsport.ru/football/20160630/965475170.html|work=rsport.ru|publisher=Rsport|accessdate=6 December 2016|language=ru|date=30 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 5 Julaị 2018, Ogude bịanyere aka na Yenisey Krasnoyarsk. [1] Mgbe Yenisey chụpụrụ na Premier League nke Russia na njedebe nke oge 2018-19, klọb ahụ wepụtara Ogude. 

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A họpụtara Ogude maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naijiria]] na asọmpi Iko Mba Afrịka megide Madagascar. &lt;ref name=&quot;signing&quot;/&gt;

A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka Iko Mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogude meriri na Africa Cup of Nations na Naịjirịa n'afọ 2013.

A họpụtara ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 26 May 2019]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Soccerway&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=F.Ogude|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/fengor-ogude/63340/|website=Soccerway/|publisher=Soccerway|access-date=31 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Vålerenga
|2010
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Tippeligaen
|6
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|0
|-
|2011
|25
|6
|1
|3
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|30
|9
|-
|2012
|8
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
|2013
|12
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!51
!6
!1
!3
!4
!0
!0
!0
!56
!9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Amkar Perm
|2013–14
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|9
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|3
|-
|2014–15
|24
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|1
|-
|2015–16
|22
|0
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|26
|0
|-
|2016–17
|18
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|0
|-
|2017–18
|15
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[a]
|0
|19
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!88
!4
!7
!0
!0
!0
!2
!0
!97
!4
|-
|Yenisey Krasnoyarsk
|2018–19
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|26
|1
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!164
!11
!10
!3
!4
!0
!2
!0
!181
!14
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ 
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2011
|8
|0
|-
|2012
|0
|0
|-
|2013
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!16
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Naịjirịa'''

* Iko Mba Afrịka (1): 2013

'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==

[[w:|Nigeria squad 2013 Africa Cup of Nations]]

[[w:|Nigeria squad 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ogude, Fegor}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>d564gn22n6s3j27q4nrltce8bwixz7j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Joseph Yobo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75328</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672757</id>
      <parentid>632344</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:16:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ọrụ mba ụwa */</comment>
      <origin>672757</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}'''Josef Michael Yobo''' OON (amụrụ na 6 Septemba 1980) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-azụ azụ. 

Yobo malitere ọrụ ya na Standard Liège na Marseilles tupu ọ banye Everton na 2002. Ọ nọrọ afọ iri na klọb ahụ wee bụrụ onye egwuregwu Afrịka mbụ ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi Everton. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Everton, ọ nọrọ oge na Fenerbahçe na Norwich City. Ọ bụ onyeisi [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naijiria]] ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na bọọlụ mba ụwa na June 2014, ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndekọ Naijiria. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu mba Naijiria itoolu. N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, ndị Nigeria Football Federation họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nkuzi Super Eagles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rohr sacked as Nigeria coach with Eguavoen named as replacement {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/rohr-sacked-as-nigeria-coach-with-eguavoen-named-as/blt4047d58f4a0f81b5|accessdate=24 January 2022|work=www.goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Afọ ndị mbụ ==
Ebe a mụrụ Yobo na mmalite ya bụ Kono, obodo Ogoni dị na [[Khana]] Local Government Area nke Rivers State, Nigeria.&lt;ref name=&quot;kono&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm|title=Hon. Worgu Boms|publisher=BBC|date=18 July 2007|accessdate=1 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yobo hapụrụ Naijiria iji sonye na Standard Liège na 1998. O mere egwuregwu mbụ ya n'afọ 2000, wee gaa n'ihu na-apụta ugboro 46. N'afọ 2001, Marseilles zụrụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/1493202.stm|title=European Preview: Belgium Transfers|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=15 August 2001|accessdate=19 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Everton ===
[[Faịlụ:Van_Persie_free_kick.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Yobo (#4) na-egwuri egwu maka Everton megide Arsenal.]]
N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ malitere, a gbazinyere Yobo na Tenerife. Mgbe ihe dị ka ọnwa itoolu gasịrị, Yobo laghachiri Marseille, tupu ọ banye Everton, ọzọ na mgbazinye ego, na July 2002. A chọrọ ego £ 1 nde iji debanye aha onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ, ọ ghọkwara onye mbụ David Moyes bịanyere aka.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc_2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/e/everton/2098473.stm|title=Everton complete Yobo chase|work=BBC Sport|date=9 July 2002|accessdate=20 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhọrọ iji mee ka ọ gaa n'ihu bụrụ nke na-adịgide adịgide ka e mere na 2003 mgbe esemokwu dị n'etiti Yobo na Marseille doziri,  na Everton kwetara na a ga-akwụ ụgwọ ọzọ nke £ 4 nde. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Dominic|author=Fifield|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/nov/28/newsstory.sport10|title=Everton close in on Yobo's signature|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=28 November 2002|accessdate=19 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yobo ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu kachasị mma na ndị otu Everton, ọ bụkwa otu n'etiti ndị egwuregwu asaa na league dum na-egwu nkeji ọ bụla nke egwuregwu ọ bụla n'oge 2006-07; onye otu ya Joleon Lescott bụkwa onye na-anọ mgbe niile n'oge niile.

Ogologo oge, na 2006, n'ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ na Everton dugara na asịrị banyere ịkwaga Arsenal, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/e/everton/4873048.stm|title=Everton face Yobo contract delay|date=3 April 2006|accessdate=19 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; mana na 22 Julaị, Yobo tinyere onwe ya na Goodison Park ruo 2010. N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2007, Yobo ghọrọ onye na-agba bọọlụ mba ofesi na Everton, ihe ndekọ o nwere ruo na mbido afọ 2012.  Maka egwuregwu UEFA Cup megide AEL nke [[Greece|Gris]] na 25 Ọktoba 2007, a kpọrọ Yobo aha dị ka onyeisi na-anọghị Phil Neville ma si otú a ghọọ onye Afrịka mbụ ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi klọb ahụ. N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2009, Yobo gbara goolu mbụ ya n'oge ahụ megide West Ham United iji mechie mmeri 3-1.

N'afọ 2009-10, Yobo aghaghị ime mgbanwe na onye na-agbachitere ya ọhụrụ, Sylvain Distin, mgbe Joleon Lescott hapụrụ na Phil Jagielka merụrụ ahụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2009, ọ gbara goolu nke ya na mmeri Everton 2-0 meriri Liverpool na Merseyside derby. A na-ahọrọ Distin, Jagielka na John Heitinga karịa Yobo, na-eme ka ọ nọrọ n'oche.

Na 31 Ọgọst 2010, Yobo bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mbinye ego otu afọ na Fenerbahçe. Yobo mere egwuregwu 30 wee nye goolu, nyere ndị otu ya aka inweta mmeri. Na 6 Septemba 2011, Fenerbahçe na Everton kwetara n'ịgbazinye ego ọzọ maka € 700,000 na Yobo bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta otu afọ ruru € 2.35 nde. Na 4 August 2012, ọ bịanyere aka na Fenerbahçe, oge a na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ, mgbe ya na Everton nọrọ afọ iri. Na 17 Ọgọọst, Fenerbahçe gbara Torku Konyaspor na Yobo wee nweta goolu na egwuregwu ahụ. Nkwekọrịta ya na Fenerbahçe kwụsịrị site na usoro abụọ tupu oge 2014-15. N'August 31, 2014, e nyere ya ihe nrite nke ọma wee wepụta ya na Fenerbahçe.

=== Obodo Norwich ===
Na 30 Jenụwarị 2014, Yobo laghachiri England na mgbazinye na Norwich City maka oge fọdụrụnụ na-ele anya ịkwaga na-adịgide adịgide n'oge ọkọchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25958861|title=Transfer window 2014: Norwich City sign Joseph Yobo on loan|date=30 January 2014|accessdate=31 January 2014|author=Oluwashina Okeleji}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O gosipụtara nke mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ site na mpempe akwụkwọ dị ọcha megide klọb kachasị elu Manchester City na 8 Febụwarị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=8 February 2014|accessdate=8 February 2014|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25995045|title=Barclays Premier League: Norwich City 0–0 Manchester City}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Yobo bụ onye bụbu onye mba [[w:Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]], onye e meriri Ugboro 101 ma nọchite anya Super Eagles na iko ụwa FIFA atọ na asọmpi mba Afrịka isii.&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=178403/profile-detail.html|title=Joseph Yobo|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ sonyere na ọsọ Naịjirịa na 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship quarter-finals, Yobo mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa megide Zambia na [[2002 FIFA World Cup]] qualification (CAF)&quot;&gt;2002 FIFA World Cup qualifier na 24 Machị 2001. &lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=178403/profile-detail.html|title=Joseph Yobo|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara bọọlụ isii niile n'egwuregwu ndị otu ahụ na 2002 Africa Cup of Nations  ma tinye ya na ndị otu maka 2002 FIFA World Cup, ebe ọ nọkwa mgbe niile, &lt;ref name=&quot;rsssf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Joseph Phillip Yobo – International Appearances|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/yobo-intl.html|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-enyere [[Julius Aghahowa]] aka na mmeri 2-1 na Sweden. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=7 June 2002|accessdate=1 July 2014|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/matches_wallchart/sweden_v_nigeria/default.stm|title=Swedes knock out Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yobo pụtara na World Cup nke abụọ ya na asọmpi 2010 na South Africa, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ ghọrọ onye isi ụgbọ mmiri na ezumike nká mba ụwa nke [[Nwankwo Kanu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=178403/profile-detail.html|title=Joseph Yobo|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-agbachitere ndị agha abụghịzi onye egwuregwu mbụ a họọrọ na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, mana o welitere iko ahụ mgbe ọ pụtara dị ka onye na-anọchi anya nkeji nke 89 na mmeri ikpeazụ nke Naịjirịa 1-0 nke Burkina Faso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=10 February 2013|accessdate=1 July 2014|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/21403223|title=Africa Cup of Nations final as it happened}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na June 2014, Yobo so na ndị otu Stephen Keshi maka iko mba ụwa nke 2014.  Akpọrọ ya aha n'ahịrị mmalite maka egwuregwu nke abụọ na nke atọ, na-enyere ndị Super Eagles aka ka ha nweta 1-0 dị ọcha na Bosnia na Herzegovina. Na 30 June, o mere ihe ngosi 100 nke mba ụwa, na-achị Nigeria megide France na agba nke 16. Mgbe ọ gbasịrị ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na mmeri 2-0, Yobo kwupụtara ịla ezumike nká na football mba ụwa, na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Nke a bụ ya. Enwere m ike ileghachi anya ọrụ m na nnukwu mpako. Achọrọ m ịhapụ obodo m. Ịkụ France abụghị ụzọ m ga-esi na-eme ihe ọ bụla na mba ndị ọzọ. ohere ịbịa n'ihu.

N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2020, ndị Nigeria Football Federation họpụtara Yobo ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nkuzi Super Eagles mgbe nzukọ dị mkpirikpi e nwere na [[Abuja]] gasịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joseph-yobo-confirmed-as-new-nigeria-assistant-coach/16570j9r5hjx314q3mjy39m8dt|title=Yobo confirmed as new Nigeria assistant coach {{!}} Goal.com|work=www.goal.com|accessdate=12 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nkuzi iji dochie Imama Amapakabo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brila.net/nff-fires-imama-appoints-joseph-yobo-as-super-eagles-assistant-coach/|title=NFF Fires Imama, Appoints Joseph Yobo As Super Eagles Assistant Coach|author=Saliu|first=Mohammed|date=12 February 2020|work=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=12 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Adewale|author=Charles|title=Joseph Yobo appointed new Super Eagles assistant coach|date=12 February 2020|url=https://soccerblitz.com.ng/nigeria/super-eagles/joseph-yobo-appointed-new-super-eagles-assistant-coach/|accessdate=12 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/51481160|title=Joseph Yobo: Former Nigeria captain appointed as assistant coach|date=12 February 2020|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=12 February 2020|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yobo kwuru &quot;M na-eweta mkpali ahụ. Dị ka onye bụbu onyeisi, ana m eweta mkpali. Anọwo m ebe ahụ ma emeela ya niile. Abụ m onye na-akwado otu ahụ tupu m bụrụ onye na-enyere m aka, yabụ ahụla m site n'echiche siri ike otú ndị mmadụ si eche mgbe ha na-ekiri otu ahụ. Anyị dị ka ndị egwuregwu, mgbe ha na ya na-egwu egwu, anaghị ahụ ihe ndị a mana mgbe m lara ezumike nká, enye m echiche m echiche banyere ihe a ka anyị na-eme n'ime ihe m dị elu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=I'll bring motivation, experience to Eagles – Yobo|url=https://punchng.com/ill-bring-motivation-experience-to-eagles-yobo/|accessdate=5 February 2021|work=[[The Punch]]|date=13 April 2020|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2010, mgbe ha nwesịrị mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị, Yobo lụrụ onye bụbu MBGN [[Adaeze Yobo|Adaeze Igwe]] n'ememe etiti abalị e mere na [[Jos]]. Di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ n'ememe dị ala naanị ọnwa atọ ka ha zutere na Disemba 2009.  Otú ọ dị, a maara na a na-ekwu na ha na-agbalị izochi nsogbu alụmdi na nwunye ha n'ihu ndị nta akụkọ na ọha na eze. Di na nwunye ahụ nabatara nwa nwoke aha ya bụ Joey Yobo n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2010.

Ọ bụ nwanne nwoke nke onye bụbu onye mba Naijiria bụ [[Albert Yobo]]. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2008, a tọọrọ nwanne ya nwoke nke obere Norum  na Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria ma jide ya maka mgbapụta. E mechara tọhapụ ya mgbe ụbọchị iri na abụọ gachara na 17 Julaị 2008. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Yobo's Brother Released|date=19 March 2008|accessdate=13 April 2011|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/2260/modise-says-he-is-not-feeling-affects-of-fatigue.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227055028/http://www.kickoff.com/news/2260/modise-says-he-is-not-feeling-affects-of-fatigue.php|archivedate=27 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kọrọ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Naijiria na Yobo gara [[T. B. Joshua|T.B. Joshua]] maka ekpere mgbe o merụrụ ahụ n'ọkpụkpụ ụkwụ na 2010 Africa Cup of Nations . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Peter|author=Auf der Heyde|title=Sports Medicine – African Style|date=27 January 2010|url=http://news.monstersandcritics.com/africa/features/article_1528962.php/Sports-medicine-African-style-Feature|work=Monsters and Critics}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yobo na nwunye ya, Adaeze Igwe nwetara utu aha nke Mene Aborlo 1 na Waamene Aborlo 1' nke Ogoniland site n'aka Eze GNK Gininwa nke Ogoni Kingdom na Satọdee, 28 Mee 2016. Nke a bụ otu ụbọchị mgbe Gọọmentị Rivers State haziri egwuregwu akaebe ya na Friday, 27 May 2016

N'afọ 2007, Yobo guzobere Joseph Yobo Charity Foundation,  iji nyere ụmụaka na-enweghị ihe ùgwù aka na Naịjirịa. Ka ọ na-erule 18 Julaị 2007, o nyela ihe karịrị 300 agụmakwụkwọ site na praịmarị ruo na mahadum. Yobo amalitela ụlọ akwụkwọ bọọlụ na mpaghara Ogoni nke Naịjirịa. Ọ na-ejikwa ogige bọọlụ na Lagos.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.11v11.com/index.php?pageID=537&amp;playerID=13830|title=Joseph Yobo : Biography}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Standard Liège
|2000–01
|Ngalaba Mbụ nke Belgium
|30
|2
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|30
|2
|-
|Olympique Marseille
|2001–02
|Nkewa 1
|23
|0
|
|
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|23
|0
|-
|Everton (nke a gbazinyere) 
|2002–03
|Njikọ Premier
|24
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|26
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |Everton
|2003–04
|Njikọ Premier
|28
|2
|1
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|2
|-
|2004–05
|Njikọ Premier
|27
|0
|3
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|33
|0
|-
|2005–06
|Njikọ Premier
|29
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
|4[a]
|1
|34
|2
|-
|2006–07
|Njikọ Premier
|38
|2
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|40
|2
|-
|2007–08
|Njikọ Premier
|30
|1
|0
|0
|2
|0
|7[b]
|0
|39
|1
|-
|2008–09
|Njikọ Premier
|27
|1
|3
|0
|1
|0
|2[b]
|0
|33
|1
|-
|2009–10
|Njikọ Premier
|17
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|6[b]
|1
|23
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!196
!8
!8
!0
!10
!0
!19
!2
!233
!10
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Fenerbahçe (onye a gbazitere) 
|2010–11
|Süper Lig
|30
|1
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|33
|1
|-
|2011–12
|Süper Lig
|39
|1
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|42
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!69
!2
!6
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!75
!2
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Fenerbahçe
|2012–13
|Süper Lig
|20
|0
|2
|0
|0
|0
|12[c]
|0
|34
|0
|-
|2013–14
|Süper Lig
|1
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3[d]
|0
|5
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!21
!1
!3
!0
!0
!0
!15
!0
!38
!1
|-
|Norwich City (nke e gbazitere) 
|2013–14
|Njikọ Premier
|8
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!371
!13
!17
!0
!12
!0
!34
!2
!437
!15
|}
  

=== Mba Nile ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ 
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;16&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2001
|7
|0
|-
|2002
|12
|0
|-
|2003
|3
|1
|-
|2004
|10
|2
|-
|2005
|6
|0
|-
|2006
|8
|0
|-
|2007
|4
|0
|-
|2008
|10
|2
|-
|2009
|5
|0
|-
|2010
|10
|0
|-
|2011
|11
|2
|-
|2012
|2
|0
|-
|2013
|6
|0
|-
|2014
|6
|0
|-
!Ngụkọta
!101
!7&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/110406/Yobos_caps_putting_the_records_straight|author=Kunle Solaja|title=Yobo's caps: putting the records straight|publisher=[[SuperSport (South African broadcaster)|SuperSport]]|date=6 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Joseph Yobo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/yobo-intl.html|title=Joseph Phillip Yobo – Century of International Appearances|work=[[RSSSF]]|accessdate=29 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!#
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe a na-anọ
!Onye mmegide
!Ihe ruru
!Nsonaazụ
!Ịsọ mpi
|-
|1.
|1 June 2003
|[[National Stadium, Lagos|Lagos National Stadium]], Lagos, Nigeria
| Cameroon
|1–0
|3–0
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
|2.
|31 Jenụwarị 2004
|Ogige Mustapha Ben Jannet, Monastir, Tunisia
| South Africa
|1–0
|4–0
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2004
|-
|3.
|3 Julaị 2004
|[[Abuja]] Stadium, Abuja, Nigeria
| Algeria
|1–0
|1–0
|2006 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
|4.
|June 7, 2008
|National Stadium, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| Sierra Leone
|0–1
|0–1
|2010 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
|5.
|15 June 2008
|Malabo Stadium, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
| Equatorial Guinea
|0–1
|0–1
|2010 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
|6.
|June 5, 2011
|[[Addis Ababa]] Stadium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| Ethiopia
|2–2
|2–2
|2012 African Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
|7.
|4 Septemba 2011
|Mahamasina Stadium, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| Madagascar
|0–1
|0–2
|2012 African Cup of Nations iru eru
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Fenerbahce'''

* Süper Lig: 2010-112010–11
* Iko Turkey: 2011-12, 2012-132012–13

'''Naịjirịa'''

* Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013

'''Iwu'''

* Onye isi nke Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị na-agba bọọlụ ụmụ nwoke nwere 100 ma ọ bụ karịa mba ụwa

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{Cite web|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/|title=Joseph Yobo Foundation Charity founded by Joseph Yobo|accessdate=17 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122131511/http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/|archivedate=22 January 2008}}
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm BBC Coverage nke Joseph Yobo Foundation]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100604041417/http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp Mpụta mba ụwa]
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/PlayerProfile/0%2C%2C12306~22817%2C00.html|title=Premier League profile|accessdate=17 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002045100/http://www.premierleague.com/page/PlayerProfile/0%2C%2C12306~22817%2C00.html|archivedate=2 October 2012}}
* Joseph Yobo-UEFAndekọ asọmpi (Ihe ndekọ)  
* Joseph Yobo-FIFAndekọ asọmpi (echekwara) 
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Josef Michael Yobo''' OON (amụrụ na 6 Septemba 1980) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-azụ azụ.

Yobo malitere ọrụ ya na Standard Liège na Marseilles tupu ọ banye Everton na 2002. Ọ nọrọ afọ iri na klọb ahụ wee bụrụ onye egwuregwu Afrịka mbụ ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi Everton. Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Everton, ọ nọrọ oge na Fenerbahçe na Norwich City. Ọ bụ onyeisi [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naijiria]] ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na bọọlụ mba ụwa na June 2014, ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndekọ Naijiria. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu mba Naijiria itoolu. N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, ndị Nigeria Football Federation họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nkuzi Super Eagles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rohr sacked as Nigeria coach with Eguavoen named as replacement {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/rohr-sacked-as-nigeria-coach-with-eguavoen-named-as/blt4047d58f4a0f81b5|accessdate=24 January 2022|work=www.goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Afọ ndị mbụ ==
Ebe a mụrụ Yobo na mmalite ya bụ Kono, obodo Ogoni dị na [[Khana]] Local Government Area nke Rivers State, Nigeria.&lt;ref name=&quot;kono&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm|title=Hon. Worgu Boms|publisher=BBC|date=18 July 2007|accessdate=1 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yobo hapụrụ Naijiria iji sonye na Standard Liège na 1998. O mere egwuregwu mbụ ya n'afọ 2000, wee gaa n'ihu na-apụta ugboro 46. N'afọ 2001, Marseilles zụrụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/1493202.stm|title=European Preview: Belgium Transfers|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=15 August 2001|accessdate=19 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Everton ===
[[Faịlụ:Van_Persie_free_kick.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Yobo (#4) na-egwuri egwu maka Everton megide Arsenal.]]
N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ malitere, a gbazinyere Yobo na Tenerife. Mgbe ihe dị ka ọnwa itoolu gasịrị, Yobo laghachiri Marseille, tupu ọ banye Everton, ọzọ na mgbazinye ego, na July 2002. A chọrọ ego £ 1 nde iji debanye aha onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ, ọ ghọkwara onye mbụ David Moyes bịanyere aka.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc_2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/e/everton/2098473.stm|title=Everton complete Yobo chase|work=BBC Sport|date=9 July 2002|accessdate=20 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhọrọ iji mee ka ọ gaa n'ihu bụrụ nke na-adịgide adịgide ka e mere na 2003 mgbe esemokwu dị n'etiti Yobo na Marseille doziri,  na Everton kwetara na a ga-akwụ ụgwọ ọzọ nke £ 4 nde. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Dominic|author=Fifield|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2002/nov/28/newsstory.sport10|title=Everton close in on Yobo's signature|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=28 November 2002|accessdate=19 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yobo ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu kachasị mma na ndị otu Everton, ọ bụkwa otu n'etiti ndị egwuregwu asaa na league dum na-egwu nkeji ọ bụla nke egwuregwu ọ bụla n'oge 2006-07; onye otu ya Joleon Lescott bụkwa onye na-anọ mgbe niile n'oge niile.

Ogologo oge, na 2006, n'ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ na Everton dugara na asịrị banyere ịkwaga Arsenal, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/e/everton/4873048.stm|title=Everton face Yobo contract delay|date=3 April 2006|accessdate=19 September 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; mana na 22 Julaị, Yobo tinyere onwe ya na Goodison Park ruo 2010. N'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2007, Yobo ghọrọ onye na-agba bọọlụ mba ofesi na Everton, ihe ndekọ o nwere ruo na mbido afọ 2012.  Maka egwuregwu UEFA Cup megide AEL nke [[Greece|Gris]] na 25 Ọktoba 2007, a kpọrọ Yobo aha dị ka onyeisi na-anọghị Phil Neville ma si otú a ghọọ onye Afrịka mbụ ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi klọb ahụ. N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2009, Yobo gbara goolu mbụ ya n'oge ahụ megide West Ham United iji mechie mmeri 3-1.

N'afọ 2009-10, Yobo aghaghị ime mgbanwe na onye na-agbachitere ya ọhụrụ, Sylvain Distin, mgbe Joleon Lescott hapụrụ na Phil Jagielka merụrụ ahụ. N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2009, ọ gbara goolu nke ya na mmeri Everton 2-0 meriri Liverpool na Merseyside derby. A na-ahọrọ Distin, Jagielka na John Heitinga karịa Yobo, na-eme ka ọ nọrọ n'oche.

Na 31 Ọgọst 2010, Yobo bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mbinye ego otu afọ na Fenerbahçe. Yobo mere egwuregwu 30 wee nye goolu, nyere ndị otu ya aka inweta mmeri. Na 6 Septemba 2011, Fenerbahçe na Everton kwetara n'ịgbazinye ego ọzọ maka € 700,000 na Yobo bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta otu afọ ruru € 2.35 nde. Na 4 August 2012, ọ bịanyere aka na Fenerbahçe, oge a na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ, mgbe ya na Everton nọrọ afọ iri. Na 17 Ọgọọst, Fenerbahçe gbara Torku Konyaspor na Yobo wee nweta goolu na egwuregwu ahụ. Nkwekọrịta ya na Fenerbahçe kwụsịrị site na usoro abụọ tupu oge 2014-15. N'August 31, 2014, e nyere ya ihe nrite nke ọma wee wepụta ya na Fenerbahçe.

=== Obodo Norwich ===
Na 30 Jenụwarị 2014, Yobo laghachiri England na mgbazinye na Norwich City maka oge fọdụrụnụ na-ele anya ịkwaga na-adịgide adịgide n'oge ọkọchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25958861|title=Transfer window 2014: Norwich City sign Joseph Yobo on loan|date=30 January 2014|accessdate=31 January 2014|author=Oluwashina Okeleji}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O gosipụtara nke mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ site na mpempe akwụkwọ dị ọcha megide klọb kachasị elu Manchester City na 8 Febụwarị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=8 February 2014|accessdate=8 February 2014|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25995045|title=Barclays Premier League: Norwich City 0–0 Manchester City}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Yobo bụ onye bụbu onye mba [[w:Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]], onye e meriri Ugboro 101 ma nọchite anya Super Eagles na iko ụwa FIFA atọ na asọmpi mba Afrịka isii.&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=178403/profile-detail.html|title=Joseph Yobo|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ sonyere na ọsọ Naịjirịa na 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship quarter-finals, Yobo mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa megide Zambia na [[2002 FIFA World Cup]] qualification (CAF)&quot;&gt;2002 FIFA World Cup qualifier na 24 Machị 2001. &lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=178403/profile-detail.html|title=Joseph Yobo|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara bọọlụ isii niile n'egwuregwu ndị otu ahụ na 2002 Africa Cup of Nations  ma tinye ya na ndị otu maka 2002 FIFA World Cup, ebe ọ nọkwa mgbe niile, &lt;ref name=&quot;rsssf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Joseph Phillip Yobo – International Appearances|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/yobo-intl.html|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-enyere [[Julius Aghahowa]] aka na mmeri 2-1 na Sweden. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=7 June 2002|accessdate=1 July 2014|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/matches_wallchart/sweden_v_nigeria/default.stm|title=Swedes knock out Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yobo pụtara na World Cup nke abụọ ya na asọmpi 2010 na South Africa, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ ghọrọ onye isi ụgbọ mmiri na ezumike nká mba ụwa nke [[Nwankwo Kanu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=178403/profile-detail.html|title=Joseph Yobo|accessdate=1 July 2014|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-agbachitere ndị agha abụghịzi onye egwuregwu mbụ a họọrọ na 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, mana o welitere iko ahụ mgbe ọ pụtara dị ka onye na-anọchi anya nkeji nke 89 na mmeri ikpeazụ nke Naịjirịa 1-0 nke Burkina Faso.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=10 February 2013|accessdate=1 July 2014|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/21403223|title=Africa Cup of Nations final as it happened}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na June 2014, Yobo so na ndị otu Stephen Keshi maka iko mba ụwa nke 2014.  Akpọrọ ya aha n'ahịrị mmalite maka egwuregwu nke abụọ na nke atọ, na-enyere ndị Super Eagles aka ka ha nweta 1-0 dị ọcha na Bosnia na Herzegovina. Na 30 June, o mere ihe ngosi 100 nke mba ụwa, na-achị Nigeria megide France na agba nke 16. Mgbe ọ gbasịrị ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya na mmeri 2-0, Yobo kwupụtara ịla ezumike nká na football mba ụwa, na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Nke a bụ ya. Enwere m ike ileghachi anya ọrụ m na nnukwu mpako. Achọrọ m ịhapụ obodo m. Ịkụ France abụghị ụzọ m ga-esi na-eme ihe ọ bụla na mba ndị ọzọ. ohere ịbịa n'ihu.

N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2020, ndị Nigeria Football Federation họpụtara Yobo ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nkuzi Super Eagles mgbe nzukọ dị mkpirikpi e nwere na [[Abuja]] gasịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/joseph-yobo-confirmed-as-new-nigeria-assistant-coach/16570j9r5hjx314q3mjy39m8dt|title=Yobo confirmed as new Nigeria assistant coach {{!}} Goal.com|work=www.goal.com|accessdate=12 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye nkuzi iji dochie Imama Amapakabo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brila.net/nff-fires-imama-appoints-joseph-yobo-as-super-eagles-assistant-coach/|title=NFF Fires Imama, Appoints Joseph Yobo As Super Eagles Assistant Coach|author=Saliu|first=Mohammed|date=12 February 2020|work=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=12 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Adewale|author=Charles|title=Joseph Yobo appointed new Super Eagles assistant coach|date=12 February 2020|url=https://soccerblitz.com.ng/nigeria/super-eagles/joseph-yobo-appointed-new-super-eagles-assistant-coach/|accessdate=12 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/51481160|title=Joseph Yobo: Former Nigeria captain appointed as assistant coach|date=12 February 2020|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=12 February 2020|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yobo kwuru &quot;M na-eweta mkpali ahụ. Dị ka onye bụbu onyeisi, ana m eweta mkpali. Anọwo m ebe ahụ ma emeela ya niile. Abụ m onye na-akwado otu ahụ tupu m bụrụ onye na-enyere m aka, yabụ ahụla m site n'echiche siri ike otú ndị mmadụ si eche mgbe ha na-ekiri otu ahụ. Anyị dị ka ndị egwuregwu, mgbe ha na ya na-egwu egwu, anaghị ahụ ihe ndị a mana mgbe m lara ezumike nká, enye m echiche m echiche banyere ihe a ka anyị na-eme n'ime ihe m dị elu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=I'll bring motivation, experience to Eagles – Yobo|url=https://punchng.com/ill-bring-motivation-experience-to-eagles-yobo/|accessdate=5 February 2021|work=[[The Punch]]|date=13 April 2020|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2010, mgbe ha nwesịrị mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwanyị, Yobo lụrụ onye bụbu MBGN [[Adaeze Yobo|Adaeze Igwe]] n'ememe etiti abalị e mere na [[Jos]]. Di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ n'ememe dị ala naanị ọnwa atọ ka ha zutere na Disemba 2009.  Otú ọ dị, a maara na a na-ekwu na ha na-agbalị izochi nsogbu alụmdi na nwunye ha n'ihu ndị nta akụkọ na ọha na eze. Di na nwunye ahụ nabatara nwa nwoke aha ya bụ Joey Yobo n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2010.

Ọ bụ nwanne nwoke nke onye bụbu onye mba Naijiria bụ [[Albert Yobo]]. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2008, a tọọrọ nwanne ya nwoke nke obere Norum  na Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria ma jide ya maka mgbapụta. E mechara tọhapụ ya mgbe ụbọchị iri na abụọ gachara na 17 Julaị 2008. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Yobo's Brother Released|date=19 March 2008|accessdate=13 April 2011|url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/2260/modise-says-he-is-not-feeling-affects-of-fatigue.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227055028/http://www.kickoff.com/news/2260/modise-says-he-is-not-feeling-affects-of-fatigue.php|archivedate=27 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kọrọ n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Naijiria na Yobo gara [[T. B. Joshua|T.B. Joshua]] maka ekpere mgbe o merụrụ ahụ n'ọkpụkpụ ụkwụ na 2010 Africa Cup of Nations . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Peter|author=Auf der Heyde|title=Sports Medicine – African Style|date=27 January 2010|url=http://news.monstersandcritics.com/africa/features/article_1528962.php/Sports-medicine-African-style-Feature|work=Monsters and Critics}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yobo na nwunye ya, Adaeze Igwe nwetara utu aha nke Mene Aborlo 1 na Waamene Aborlo 1' nke Ogoniland site n'aka Eze GNK Gininwa nke Ogoni Kingdom na Satọdee, 28 Mee 2016. Nke a bụ otu ụbọchị mgbe Gọọmentị Rivers State haziri egwuregwu akaebe ya na Friday, 27 May 2016

N'afọ 2007, Yobo guzobere Joseph Yobo Charity Foundation,  iji nyere ụmụaka na-enweghị ihe ùgwù aka na Naịjirịa. Ka ọ na-erule 18 Julaị 2007, o nyela ihe karịrị 300 agụmakwụkwọ site na praịmarị ruo na mahadum. Yobo amalitela ụlọ akwụkwọ bọọlụ na mpaghara Ogoni nke Naịjirịa. Ọ na-ejikwa ogige bọọlụ na Lagos.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.11v11.com/index.php?pageID=537&amp;playerID=13830|title=Joseph Yobo : Biography}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Standard Liège
|2000–01
|Ngalaba Mbụ nke Belgium
|30
|2
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|30
|2
|-
|Olympique Marseille
|2001–02
|Nkewa 1
|23
|0
|
|
|
|
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|23
|0
|-
|Everton (nke a gbazinyere) 
|2002–03
|Njikọ Premier
|24
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|26
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |Everton
|2003–04
|Njikọ Premier
|28
|2
|1
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|2
|-
|2004–05
|Njikọ Premier
|27
|0
|3
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|33
|0
|-
|2005–06
|Njikọ Premier
|29
|1
|0
|0
|1
|0
|4[a]
|1
|34
|2
|-
|2006–07
|Njikọ Premier
|38
|2
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|40
|2
|-
|2007–08
|Njikọ Premier
|30
|1
|0
|0
|2
|0
|7[b]
|0
|39
|1
|-
|2008–09
|Njikọ Premier
|27
|1
|3
|0
|1
|0
|2[b]
|0
|33
|1
|-
|2009–10
|Njikọ Premier
|17
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|6[b]
|1
|23
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!196
!8
!8
!0
!10
!0
!19
!2
!233
!10
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Fenerbahçe (onye a gbazitere) 
|2010–11
|Süper Lig
|30
|1
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|33
|1
|-
|2011–12
|Süper Lig
|39
|1
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|42
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!69
!2
!6
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!75
!2
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Fenerbahçe
|2012–13
|Süper Lig
|20
|0
|2
|0
|0
|0
|12[c]
|0
|34
|0
|-
|2013–14
|Süper Lig
|1
|1
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3[d]
|0
|5
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!21
!1
!3
!0
!0
!0
!15
!0
!38
!1
|-
|Norwich City (nke e gbazitere) 
|2013–14
|Njikọ Premier
|8
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!371
!13
!17
!0
!12
!0
!34
!2
!437
!15
|}
  

=== Mba Nile ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Ọdịdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ 
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;16&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2001
|7
|0
|-
|2002
|12
|0
|-
|2003
|3
|1
|-
|2004
|10
|2
|-
|2005
|6
|0
|-
|2006
|8
|0
|-
|2007
|4
|0
|-
|2008
|10
|2
|-
|2009
|5
|0
|-
|2010
|10
|0
|-
|2011
|11
|2
|-
|2012
|2
|0
|-
|2013
|6
|0
|-
|2014
|6
|0
|-
!Ngụkọta
!101
!7&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/110406/Yobos_caps_putting_the_records_straight|author=Kunle Solaja|title=Yobo's caps: putting the records straight|publisher=[[SuperSport (South African broadcaster)|SuperSport]]|date=6 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Joseph Yobo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/yobo-intl.html|title=Joseph Phillip Yobo – Century of International Appearances|work=[[RSSSF]]|accessdate=29 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!#
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe a na-anọ
!Onye mmegide
!Ihe ruru
!Nsonaazụ
!Ịsọ mpi
|-
|1.
|1 June 2003
|[[National Stadium, Lagos|Lagos National Stadium]], Lagos, Nigeria
| Cameroon
|1–0
|3–0
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
|2.
|31 Jenụwarị 2004
|Ogige Mustapha Ben Jannet, Monastir, Tunisia
| South Africa
|1–0
|4–0
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2004
|-
|3.
|3 Julaị 2004
|[[Abuja]] Stadium, Abuja, Nigeria
| Algeria
|1–0
|1–0
|2006 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
|4.
|June 7, 2008
|National Stadium, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| Sierra Leone
|0–1
|0–1
|2010 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
|5.
|15 June 2008
|Malabo Stadium, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
| Equatorial Guinea
|0–1
|0–1
|2010 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
|6.
|June 5, 2011
|[[Addis Ababa]] Stadium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| Ethiopia
|2–2
|2–2
|2012 African Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
|7.
|4 Septemba 2011
|Mahamasina Stadium, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| Madagascar
|0–1
|0–2
|2012 African Cup of Nations iru eru
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Fenerbahce'''

* Süper Lig: 2010-112010–11
* Iko Turkey: 2011-12, 2012-132012–13

'''Naịjirịa'''

* Iko Mba Afrịka: 2013

'''Iwu'''

* Onye isi nke Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị na-agba bọọlụ ụmụ nwoke nwere 100 ma ọ bụ karịa mba ụwa

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{Cite web|url=http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/|title=Joseph Yobo Foundation Charity founded by Joseph Yobo|accessdate=17 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122131511/http://www.josephyobofoundation.org/|archivedate=22 January 2008}}
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/6904226.stm BBC Coverage nke Joseph Yobo Foundation]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100604041417/http://www.supereaglesnation.com/Records.asp Mpụta mba ụwa]
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/PlayerProfile/0%2C%2C12306~22817%2C00.html|title=Premier League profile|accessdate=17 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002045100/http://www.premierleague.com/page/PlayerProfile/0%2C%2C12306~22817%2C00.html|archivedate=2 October 2012}}
* Joseph Yobo-UEFAndekọ asọmpi (Ihe ndekọ)  
* Joseph Yobo-FIFAndekọ asọmpi (echekwara) 
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Austin Ejide</title>
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'''Augustine &quot;Austin&quot; Amamchukwu Ejide''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-Augustine &quot;Austin&quot; Amamchukwu Ejide.wav|Listen}}&lt;sup class=&quot;ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable&quot;&gt;[[:File:LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-Augustine &quot;Austin&quot; Amamchukwu Ejide.wav|ⓘ]]&lt;/sup&gt; MON (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 8 n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1984) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu.

Ejide gbara bọọlụ maka Gabros International na Bastia na Corsica, nke gbara ọsọ na Ligue 2. Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu Israel bụ Hapoel Be'er Sheva ruo n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2015, ma mesịa gbaa bọọlụ na Hapoel Hadera.

A mụrụ Ejide na Onitsha, Anambra steeti. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na Gabros International ebe ọ na-eme nke ọma tupu ọ banye Étoile du Sahel . Ya na klọb Tunisia, ọ rutere CAF Champions League ugboro abụọ.  Na 2006, Ejide sonyeere Bastia nke French Ligue 2, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ atọ tupu ọ kwaga ụlọ ọgbakọ Israel Hapoel Petah Tikva,  ebe o nyeere ndị otu ahụ aka ka ha ghara ịdaba. Ejide kwagara Hapoel Be'er Sheva na 2012, ebe ọ na-egwuri egwu ruo na njedebe nke oge 2014–15. Na 2017–18, Ejide mere ngosi 27 wee dobe mpempe akwụkwọ iri na ise dị ọcha. Ntugharị a nwetara nkwalite Hapoel Hadera na Premier League nke Israel.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Ejide made his debut for [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] against Namibia on 16 June 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=184856/profile-detail.html|title=Austine EJIDE|accessdate=20 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has been named in three FIFA World Cup squads: 2002 in Japan and South Korea, 2010 in South Africa, and 2014 in Brazil.&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot; /&gt; He has also been a member of the Super Eagles' squad at five Africa Cup of Nations tournaments: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2013, winning the competition in the latter.&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot; /&gt; In 2013, he was selected for Nigeria's squad at the FIFA Confederations Cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2008, Africa Cup of Nations nke e mere na [[Ghana]], onye nkuzi Naijiria Berti Vogts họọrọ Ejide dị ka onye na-edebe goolu mbụ, n'ihu [[Vincent Enyeama]], na egwuregwu anọ niile nke Super Eagles.&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=184856/profile-detail.html|title=Austine EJIDE|accessdate=20 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140614163745/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=184856/profile-detail.html &quot;Austine EJIDE&quot;]. FIFA. Archived from [https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=184856/profile-detail.html the original] on 14 June 2014&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;20 June&lt;/span&gt; 2014&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Na 21 Jenụwarị 2008, ọ gbara egwuregwu mbụ ya na AFCON ka Naịjirịa meriri Ivory Coast 2-1 na egwuregwu mbụ nke Group B. Otú ọ dị, ọ nọgidere na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla na Naịjirịja 0-0 draw na Mali na 2-0 mmeri na Benin.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Aha ya, Amamchukwu, pụtara &quot;''Amaara m Chineke''&quot;.

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;

* Player profile – SC-Bastia.comnaỤgbọ Mmiri Wayback  (nke e debere na 2006-12-06) 
* Austin EjidenaÌgwè Ndị ỌrụEgwuregwu bọọlụ (n'asụsụ French) 
* Austin Ejidena National-Football-Teams.com
* Austin Ejiden'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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        <id>24488</id>
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      <text bytes="3550" sha1="9ychox3012y4ol4dymt5tejk1t5bygm" xml:space="preserve">
'''Augustine &quot;Austin&quot; Amamchukwu Ejide''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-Augustine &quot;Austin&quot; Amamchukwu Ejide.wav|Listen}}&lt;sup class=&quot;ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable&quot;&gt;[[:File:LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-Augustine &quot;Austin&quot; Amamchukwu Ejide.wav|ⓘ]]&lt;/sup&gt; MON (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 8 n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1984) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu.

Ejide gbara bọọlụ maka Gabros International na Bastia na Corsica, nke gbara ọsọ na Ligue 2. Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka otu egwuregwu Israel bụ Hapoel Be'er Sheva ruo n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2015, ma mesịa gbaa bọọlụ na Hapoel Hadera.

A mụrụ Ejide na Onitsha, Anambra steeti. Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na Gabros International ebe ọ na-eme nke ọma tupu ọ banye Étoile du Sahel . Ya na klọb Tunisia, ọ rutere CAF Champions League ugboro abụọ.  Na 2006, Ejide sonyeere Bastia nke French Ligue 2, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ atọ tupu ọ kwaga ụlọ ọgbakọ Israel Hapoel Petah Tikva,  ebe o nyeere ndị otu ahụ aka ka ha ghara ịdaba. Ejide kwagara Hapoel Be'er Sheva na 2012, ebe ọ na-egwuri egwu ruo na njedebe nke oge 2014–15. Na 2017–18, Ejide mere ngosi 27 wee dobe mpempe akwụkwọ iri na ise dị ọcha. Ntugharị a nwetara nkwalite Hapoel Hadera na Premier League nke Israel.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Ejide made his debut for [[Nigeria national football team|Nigeria]] against Namibia on 16 June 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=184856/profile-detail.html|title=Austine EJIDE|accessdate=20 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}&lt;/ref&gt; He has been named in three FIFA World Cup squads: 2002 in Japan and South Korea, 2010 in South Africa, and 2014 in Brazil. He has also been a member of the Super Eagles' squad at five Africa Cup of Nations tournaments: 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2013, winning the competition in the latter. In 2013, he was selected for Nigeria's squad at the FIFA Confederations Cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22827902|title=Nigeria to take new-look squad to Confederations Cup|date=9 June 2013|accessdate=10 June 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2008, Africa Cup of Nations nke e mere na [[Ghana]], onye nkuzi Naijiria Berti Vogts họọrọ Ejide dị ka onye na-edebe goolu mbụ, n'ihu [[Vincent Enyeama]], na egwuregwu anọ niile nke Super Eagles. Na 21 Jenụwarị 2008, ọ gbara egwuregwu mbụ ya na AFCON ka Naịjirịa meriri Ivory Coast 2-1 na egwuregwu mbụ nke Group B. Otú ọ dị, ọ nọgidere na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla na Naịjirịja 0-0 draw na Mali na 2-0 mmeri na Benin.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Aha ya, Amamchukwu, pụtara &quot;''Amaara m Chineke''&quot;.

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;

* Player profile – SC-Bastia.comnaỤgbọ Mmiri Wayback  (nke e debere na 2006-12-06) 
* Austin EjidenaÌgwè Ndị ỌrụEgwuregwu bọọlụ (n'asụsụ French) 
* Austin Ejidena National-Football-Teams.com
* Austin Ejiden'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>9ychox3012y4ol4dymt5tejk1t5bygm</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Ugo Ukah</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:15:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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'''Ugochukwu &quot;Ugo&quot; Ukah''' (amụrụ na 18 Jenụwarị 1984) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]]. A mụrụ ya na [[Italy|Ịtali]], Ukah nọchitere anya [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
Ugo Ukah gbara bọọlụ maka otu ndị ntorobịa nke Parma F.C. Oge izizi ya dị ka onye egwuregwu dị elu malitere na oge bọọlụ 2001/2002, mgbe ọ sonyeere ọkwa nke anọ nke US Brescello. N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2002, ọ bịanyere aka na otu egwuregwu kachasị elu nke Ịtali A.C. Reggiana 1919 mana ọ pụtaghị na Serie A. Na ngwụcha oge ahụ, ọ hapụrụ Reggiana ma soro Truentina Castel di Lama na F.C. Pro Vasto gbaa bọọlụ n'afọ abụọ sochirinụ.

=== Ndị Queens Park Rangers ===
Ukah sonyeere Queens Park Rangers FC n'oge ọkọchị nke 2005–06. Ọ nọrọ otu oge na ọkara na QPR. Klọb ahụ gbara asọmpi, ọkwa nke abụọ nke bọọlụ Bekee na Ukah, onye ka dị afọ iri na ụma, nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ya na oche, na-eme otu ngosi na asọmpi n'oge 2005–06. Na May 2006, QPR kwupụtara na Ukah abanyela na ụlọ ọrụ Italian Nuorese Calcio na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ. Otú ọ dị, na Nọvemba 2006, e depụtara Ukah na mberede dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ QPR, na-enweghị nkọwa sitere na klọb. E mesịrị tọhapụrụ ya na nkwekọrịta ya wee hapụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na January 2007. O jiri oge fọdụrụnụ nke 2006-07 na Italy na Serie C n'akụkụ Giulianova Calcio. 

Ukah wee kwaga Widzew Łódź na Poland ma ga-egwuri egwu na klọb ahụ maka oge 5 sochirinụ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu dị mkpa mgbe Widzew ghọrọ ndị mmeri nke Polish First Division (nke abụọ na Poland) oge abụọ n'usoro 2008-09 na 2009-10). N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2011, a kwụsịtụrụ Ukah n'ọrụ ndị otu mbụ mgbe a mara ya ikpe maka ịkwọ ụgbọala n'okpuru mmetụta.

Mgbe oge 5 gasịrị na Łódź, Ukah kwagara n'akụkụ ọzọ dị elu na Poland, Jagiellonia Białystok, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ n'oge abụọ sochirinụ.

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 2014, ọ ghọrọ onye nweere onwe ya, bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta otu afọ na ụlọ ọrụ Serbia FK Čukarički nke isi obodo Belgrade.[1] Ugo Ukah agbatịghị nkwekọrịta ya na ndị Serbia SuperLiga Čukarički, n'agbanyeghị atụmanya nke iru eru Europa League. Onye na-ahụ maka etiti ahụ nwere ọganihu na-aga nke ọma na Čukarički n'oge gara aga, na-enyere ụlọ ọrụ isi obodo aka imeri aha mbụ ha kemgbe ha malitere 88 afọ gara aga - Cup Serbia - ma mechaa nke atọ na SuperLiga. &quot;Achọghị m ịgbatị nkwekọrịta m, nkwekọrịta mụ na Čukarički agwụla. &quot;Enwere m oge dị mma,&quot; Ugo Ukah gwara news24.com.

=== AEL Kalloni ===
Enwere ike ikpughe na nkwekọrịta Ugochukwu Ukah dere na klọb Greek Kalloni bụ maka afọ abụọ, na-egwu na Greek Super League. &quot;Abịanyewo m aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Kalloni ma malite ọzụzụ na otu ahụ na Mọnde (July 6), &quot;Ugo Ukah gwara ''allnigeriasoccer.com''.

=== Selangor FA ===
N'ọnwa Julaị 2016, Ukah bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ na otu Malaysian Super League, Selangor FA, na-anọchi Robert Cornthwaite.

=== Penang FA ===
N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2018, ndị otu Malaysia Premier League FA Penang kwupụtara mbata nke onye na-agbachitere mba Naịjirịa bụ Ugo Ukah n'ụzọ a na-akọwaghị. Allnigeriasoccer.com ka onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ n'onwe ya gwara na ọ gbakwunyere aka ya na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ ya na Panthers. Ukah na-egwuri egwu ugbu a maka Panthers, Penang FA, otu klọb [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ọkachamara na-egwuregwu ugbu a na ngalaba nke abụọ nke bọọlụ Malaysia, Malaysia Premier League.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Ukah onye amụrụ ma zụlite na Parma, Ịtali kwuru na ezinụlọ ya nwere obi ụtọ mgbe o mere nke mbụ ya maka Eagles na [[Kaduna]] megide Zambia. Onye nkuzi Samson Siasia kpọrọ onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ dị afọ iri abụọ na asaa n'oge ahụ, mana ọ nwetaghị ohere ya ruo mgbe egwuregwu Kaduna. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201112020501.html|title=Nigeria: Ukah Ready to Play Hard for Eagles|date=2011-12-02|work=Vanguard (Lagos)|accessdate=2018-05-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2014, Ukah kwuru na ọ wụsịghị ya akpata oyi n'ahụ na Naịjirịa erughị eru maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2015 na Equatorial Guinea n'ihi na ndị egwuregwu kachasị mma na mba ahụ anaghị agba bọọlụ maka otu ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule mgbe ahụ, onye na-agbachitere etiti Čukarički, onye Naijiria kpuchiri otu ugboro, jụrụ onye nkuzi yardsticks Stephen Keshi na-akpọ ndị egwuregwu na ihe mere o ji tinye ndị egwuregwu ga-enyere Naijiria aka n'ụbọchị egwuregwu. &quot;Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na mba m hụrụ n'anya Naịjirịa erughị eru ịgbachitere iko mba ndị meriri n'afọ gara aga. Nke a bụ n'ihi na e nwere ndị egwuregwu ka mma karịa ndị na-egwuri egwu maka Naịjirị ugbu a, yabụ ha kwesịrị ohere igosi onwe ha na otu mba&quot;, Ukah gwara '''africanFootball.com.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/ugo-ukah-faults-keshis-selection-policy/|title=Ugo Ukah faults Keshi's selection policy – The Nation Nigeria|date=2014-11-23|accessdate=2018-05-14|language=en-US|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==

; Widzew Łódź

* I liga: 2008-09, 2009-10

; Čukarički

* Iko Serbia: 2014-15

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Ugo Ukahna Soccerbase
* Ugo Ukahna90minut.pl  (n'asụsụ Polish) 
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Emmanuel Nosakhare Igiebor''' MON (amụrụ na 9 Nọvemba 1990), nke a maara dị ka '''Nosa Igiebor''' ma ọ bụ Nosa, bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti. A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Mgbe ọ pụtara n'ala nna ya na Sharks na Warri Wolves, Nosa sonyeere otu Tippeligaen Lillestrøm na 2009. O nwere ebe mbido n'oge ọ nọ na Norway, ebe ọ bụ otu dị mkpa na mkpọsa 2011, na-agba bọọlụ ugboro asatọ na egwuregwu iri na asaa.

Na 8 Ọgọst 2011, Nosa bịanyere aka na Hapoel Tel Aviv, maka ego mbufe nke nde krone 8.[1] Na 18 August 2011, o mere mpụta mbụ ya maka Hapoel n'oge UEFA Europa League Playoffs megide FK Ekranas. Ụbọchị anọ ka e mesịrị, ọ meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya maka Hapoel megide Maccabi Petah-Tikva. Na 14 Mee 2012, Nosa meriri goolu mmeri na ngwụcha Iko Israel na 2–1 meriri Maccabi Haifa.

On 24 August 2012, Nosa moved to Spain for a transfer fee of €1.2 million, signing a four-year deal with Real Betis. On 12 April 2013, he scored his first goal in Betis against Sevilla FC after coming on as a substitute in the 89th minute. He finished his two seasons in Betis with 2 goals in 28 appearances.

Na 22 Julaị 2014, Nosa sonyeere Maccabi Tel-Aviv . &lt;ref&gt;Nosa sold to Maccabi {{Cite web|url=http://www.maccabi-tlv.co.il/en/news/news-articles/ben-basat-and-igiebor-s-transfers-agreed/|title=Home &amp;#124; News &amp;#124; News Articles &amp;#124; MTA agree transfer of Ben Basat and Igiebor|accessdate=23 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726204109/http://www.maccabi-tlv.co.il/en/news/news-articles/ben-basat-and-igiebor-s-transfers-agreed/|archivedate=26 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2014, o mere nke mbụ ya na Maccabi na mmeri 1-0 na Maribor n'oge Champions League Qualifiers . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Igiebor debuts in Maccabi Tel Aviv loss|url=http://africanfootball.com/news/444316/Igiebor-debuts-in-Maccabi-Tel-Aviv-loss|work=African Football|accessdate=1 July 2016|date=31 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 8 Septemba 2017, Vancouver Whitecaps FC kwupụtara na a bịanyere aka na Nosa maka oge fọdụrụ na 2017, yana nhọrọ klọb maka 2018 na 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Whitecaps FC add Nigerian international midfielder Nosa Igiebor|url=https://www.whitecapsfc.com/post/2017/09/08/whitecaps-fc-add-nigerian-international-midfielder-nosa-igiebor?j=39594273&amp;sfmc_sub=689619746&amp;l=18382433_HTML&amp;u=682690588&amp;mid=10789553&amp;jb=0|work=Whitecaps F.C.|accessdate=8 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Hapoel Tel Aviv'''

* Iko Mba Israel: 2011-122011–12

'''Maccabi Tel Aviv'''

* Israel Premier League: 2014-152014–15
* Iko Mba Israel: 2014-152014–15
* Iko Toto: 2014-152014–15

'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|authorlink=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=13 February 2013|title=Presidential reward for Super Eagles|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/21450619|work=BBC|accessdate=19 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Nosa Emanuel Igiebor-FIFAndekọ asọmpi (echekwara) 
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      <text bytes="37933" sha1="6st8zumt0exq9czay4bgpggorqn5rra" xml:space="preserve">'''Ahmed Musa OON MON''' (/ˈɑːxmɛd muːsə/ i; amụrụ n'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1992) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ ma ọ bụ onye na-agbachitere ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Nigeria Premier Football League Kano Pillars .

Musa ghọrọ onye Naijiria mbụ nyere akara ihe karịrị otu ugboro na asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke FIFA, ka ọ gbasịrị akara ugboro abụọ megide Argentina na 2014 FIFA World Cup. Musa bụkwa onye Naijiria mbụ nyere goolu n'asọmpi iko mba ụwa abụọ nke FIFA, ka ọ gbasịrị akara ọzọ megide Iceland na ọkwa otu nke 2018 FIFA World Cup. N'ihe ngosi 111, ọ bụ onye ọkpụkpọ Nigeria kachasị egwu kemgbe Nọvemba 2021. Musa bụ onye otu ndị otu egwuregwu Saudi Al Nassr nke meriri Saudi Premier League na Saudi Super Cup, abụọ na 2019.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Musa malitere ọrụ ya na GBS Football Academy . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3376/goalcom-youth-football/2010/11/13/2199634/goalcom-scouting-report-ahmed-musa-vvv-venlo-and-nigeria|title=Goal.com Scouting Report: Ahmed Musa – VVV Venlo and Nigeria|date=5 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2008, a gbazinyere Musa na JUTH F.C.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kanopillars.com/home/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=59:special-thanks-to-pillars-ahmad-musa&amp;catid=1:latest-news&amp;Itemid=1|title=The Official Website of Kano Pillars Football Club – Masu Gida|accessdate=12 August 2016|archivedate=7 April 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407072141/http://www.kanopillars.com/home/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=59:special-thanks-to-pillars-ahmad-musa&amp;catid=1:latest-news&amp;Itemid=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe ọ gbara egwuregwu iri na asatọ, gbaa goolu anọ n'ime oge abụọ mbụ ya maka ndị Healers. E mechara gbazinye ya na Kano Pillars F.C.,  n'Oge 2009-10 ebe o setịpụrụ ndekọ league na-agba ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa ka Pillars mechara nke abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://naijaligue.blogspot.com/2010/04/kano-pillars-is-bigger-than-me-ahmad.html|title=Nigerian Football League: Kano Pillars Is Bigger Than Me – Ahmad Musa|first=George|author=Akpayen|date=17 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Musa nwere ihe ndekọ maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ kachasị elu a tụrụ n'otu oge n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Nigeria Premier League &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=1635|title=404 &amp;#124; This post is not available &amp;#124; All Nigeria Soccer|work=www.allnigeriasoccer.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruo na Nọvemba 2011, mgbe [[Jude Aneke]] nke Kaduna United F.C. setịpụrụ ihe ndekọ ọhụrụ nke ihe mgbaru ndụ 20. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2011/nov/02-aneke-sets-new-npl-goals-tally.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118043458/http://www.mtnfootball.com/africa/nigeria/premier-league/news/2011/nov/02-aneke-sets-new-npl-goals-tally.html|archivedate=18 November 2011|title=MTN Football}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== VVV-Venlo ===
Musa was transferred to [[Netherlands|Dutch]] club VVV-Venlo in summer 2010,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://naijaligue.blogspot.com/2010/07/musa-leaves-for-vvv-venlo-in-fortnight.html|title=Nigerian Football League: Musa Leaves For VVV Venlo In Fortnight|first=George|author=Akpayen|date=29 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; but the move was held up because he was only 17 years of age and therefore not eligible for an ITC in accordance with the current FIFA rules. He was officially eligible to play for VVV-Venlo on 14 October 2010 when he eventually turned 18 years of age.

N'ihe na-erughị otu izu mgbe ọ bịarutere na klọb ahụ, Musa mere nke mbụ ya maka VVV-Venlo megide FC Groningen na 30 Ọktoba. Ọ malitere egwuregwu ahụ maka VVV-Venlo, a kụrụ ya na nkeji nke iri ise wee nweta penalty kick.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NPL 2009/10 exports shine abroad|url=https://supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/101230/NPL_200910_exports_shine_abroad|accessdate=2021-06-01|work=supersport.com|language=en|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214112/https://supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/101230/NPL_200910_exports_shine_abroad}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ịbụ onye Goal.com kwuru n'etiti Hot 100 na-eto eto na-agba bọọlụ n'ụwa iji kirie na 2011, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3376/goalcom-youth-football/2011/01/01/2284652/goalcom-hot-100-the-young-stars-to-look-out-for-in-2011|title=Goal.com Hot 100 – The Young Stars To Look Out For in 2011|date=31 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lolade Adewuyi nke Goal. com tinyere ya na ndepụta nke Top Ten Nigerian International Players nke 2010 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/84/africa/2010/12/30/2283874/goalcoms-top-ten-nigerian-players-of-2010|title=Goal.com's Top Ten Nigerian Players of 2010|date=30 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma tinye ya na ndepụta IFFHS nke ndị egwuregwu 140 kachasị mma n'ụwa. 

Na 8 Machị 2011, Ahmed Musa meriri onye bọọlụ bọọlụ nke afọ nke AIT (mba). E mere emume ahụ na Presidential Hotel, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Ihe omume ahụ nwere ndị bịara, onye mmeri BBC African Footballer of the Year, onye Ghana Asamoah Gyan na ndị isi ọrụ si na Njikọ bọọlụ Naijiria gụnyere onye isi ala Aminu Maigari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201103140568.html|title=Nigeria: AIT Awards – Rewarding Soccer Excellence|first=Peter|author=Edema|date=14 March 2011|publisher=AllAfrica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Eprel, onye nduzi bọọlụ Venlo bụ Mario Captien kwuru na ndị nnọchi anya Tottenham Hotspur gara klọb ahụ gbasara onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.completesportsnigeria.com/news/2011/04/tottenham-interest-in-ahmed-musa-confirmed|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411051926/http://completesportsnigeria.com/news/2011/04/tottenham-interest-in-ahmed-musa-confirmed|title=VVV Confirm Totenham interest in Ahmed Musa 8 April 2011|archivedate=11 April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye na-enyocha [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] bụ [[Tijani Babangida]] kwukwara na Ajax nwere mmasị na Musa mana a ga-ekpebi ihe ga-esi na ya pụta na ngwụcha oge ahụ. 

N'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2011, Musa kụrụ aka iji mee ka Feyenoord daa 3-2 ma kwụsị egwu ọ bụla na-adịgide adịgide nke ịpụ na Eredivisie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/story/0,,12040_6908342,00.html|title=Eredivisie round-up}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2011, mgbe ọ lọtara na 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup na Colombia, Musa pụtara nke mbụ ya n'afọ 2011-12 n'ụlọ megide [[AFC Ajax]] ma gbaa goolu abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/|title=Soccer on ESPN - Scores, Stats and Highlights|work=ESPN.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba, onye isi oche VVV-Venlo bụ Hai Berden kpu ghere na Eredivisie Live na VVV-Benlo ajụla ego ikpeazụ nke € 10 nde maka Musa site na Bundesliga. A kpughere aha klọb Bundesliga. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.elfvoetbal.nl/Overige/162531/bundesliga-club-bood-tien-miljoen-euro-op-vvver-musa|title=Bundesliga-club bood tien miljoen euro op VVV'er Musa|work=Elfvoetbal.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;
[[Faịlụ:Ahmed_Musa.jpg|thumb|281x281px|Musa na-egwuri egwu maka CSKA Moscow na 2012]]
N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2014, ọ gbara goolu nkasi obi na nkeji iri asatọ na abụọ na 5-1 UEFA Champions League na A.S. Roma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=nl&amp;u=http://www.vi.nl/Nieuws-item/213859/CSKA-Moskou-neemt-Musa-over-van-VVVVenlo.htm&amp;ei=tZEIT_jDJo-YOq359e8H&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=translate&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CC0Q7gEwAA&amp;prev=/search?q=CSKA+Moskou+neemt+Musa+over+van+VVV-Venlo&amp;hl=en&amp;biw=1909&amp;bih=982&amp;prmd=imvns|title=Google Translate|work=translate.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1 June 2015, Musa bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ ọhụrụ na CSKA ruo na ngwụcha oge 2018-19. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa signs new 4-year deal with PFC CSKA|url=http://en.pfc-cska.com/news/team-news/Ahmed-Musa-signs-new-4-year-deal-with-PFC-CSKA/|work=[[PFC CSKA Moscow]]|accessdate=23 June 2015|date=1 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gwụchara oge Premier League nke Russia na 2015-16 dị ka onye nke ise kachasị gbaa bọọlụ, na-aghọ otu n'ime naanị ndị egwuregwu asaa dị afọ 23 ma ọ bụ karịa iji nweta ọnụọgụ abụọ maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ na nke ọ bụla n'ime oge abụọ gara aga na asọmpi asaa kachasị elu na Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Musa Ahmed|url=http://en.pfc-cska.com/team/players/*4673/|work=en.pfc-cska.com/|publisher=CSKA Moscow|accessdate=14 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117021421/http://en.pfc-cska.com/team/players/*4673/|archivedate=17 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:David_Luiz_and_Ahmed_Musa.jpg|thumb|Musa (n'aka nri) na-egwuri egwu maka Leicester City na egwuregwu league megide Chelsea na Stamford Bridge na 15 Ọktoba 2016]]
Na 8 Julaị 2016, Musa kwagara Leicester City maka ndekọ klọb £ 16.6 nde.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=[[Leicester City F.C.]]|url=http://www.lcfc.com/news/article/2016-17/leicester-city-agree-deal-for-ahmed-musa-3175203.aspx|title=Leicester City Agree Deal For Ahmed Musa|date=8 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231054424/http://www.lcfc.com/news/article/2016-17/leicester-city-agree-deal-for-ahmed-musa-3175203.aspx|archivedate=31 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na klọb ahụ na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Barcelona na 2016 International Champions Cup nke gwụrụ na mmeri 4-2.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Barcelona 4-2 Leicester City: Foxes club-record signing Ahmed Musa scores twice|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36969444|accessdate=8 September 2020|work=BBC Sport|date=3 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere Premier League mbụ ya na 13 Ọgọstụ 2016 n'ụbọchị mmeghe nke klọb ahụ mmeri 2-1 na Hull City.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36994520|title=Hull City 2–1 Leicester City|publisher=BBC Sport|date=13 August 2016|accessdate=24 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na Premier League na mmeri 3-1 megide Crystal Palace na 22 Ọktoba 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lewis|first=Aimee|title=Leicester City 3-1 Crystal Palace|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37663854|accessdate=8 September 2020|work=BBC Sport|date=22 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2017, Musa ka debanyere aha enyemaka maka klọb ahụ, na-enye aka na nkezi nke 0.5 key passes, 0.3 cross na 1.2 dribbles na-aga nke ọma kwa egwuregwu.

Na 30 Jenụwarị 2018, Musa laghachiri na CSKA Moscow na mgbazinye maka oge fọdụrụ na 2017-18. 

=== Al Nassr ===
N'abalị anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2018, Musa kwagara n'akụkụ Saudi Arabia bụ Al Nassr na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ahmed Musa: Leicester City forward joins Al-Nassr in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45055581|publisher=BBC Sport|date=3 August 2018|accessdate=27 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, Al Nassr kwupụtara na Musa na-apụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;premiumtimes&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/423111-ahmed-musa-leaves-saudi-club.html|author=Eludini|first=Tunde|title=Ahmed Musa leaves Saudi club|date=26 Oct 2020|work=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kọrọ na a na-atụ anya na klọb Premier League West Bromwich Albion ga-emecha njem maka Musa na windo mbufe Jenụwarị maka oge 2020-21,  mana njem ahụ dara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2021/01/24/ahmed-musa-train-west-brom-sam-allardyce-considers-options-relegation/|title=Ahmed Musa to train with West Brom as Sam Allardyce 'considers all options' in relegation fight|first=John|author=Percy|date=24 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africanfootball.com/news/784321/Allardyce-Why-West-Brom-wont-sign-Ahmed-Musa|title=Allardyce: Why West Brom won't sign Ahmed Musa|work=African Football}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel 2021, Musa laghachiri na klọb Naijiria Kano Pillars ruo na ngwụcha oge 2020-21. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-04-13|title=Official: Ahmed Musa rejoins Kano Pillars until the end of the season|url=https://kano-pillars.com/official-ahmed-musa-rejoins-kano-pillars-until-the-end-of-the-season/|accessdate=2021-04-14|work=Kano Pillars FC|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-04-14|title=Ex-Leicester forward Musa rejoins Nigerian club Kano Pillars|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210414-ex-leicester-forward-musa-rejoins-nigerian-club-kano-pillars|accessdate=2021-06-07|work=France 24|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Fatih Karagümrük ====
Na 23 Julaị 2021, Musa sonyeere klọb Turkey Fatih Karagümrük, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Inyang|first=Ifreke|date=2021-07-23|title=Ahmed Musa's new club confirmed|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/07/23/ahmed-musas-new-club-confirmed/|accessdate=2023-07-05|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-etinye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Okeleji|first=Oluwashina|date=23 July 2021|title=Nigeria captain Musa seals European return|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/57940707|accessdate=2023-07-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe otu oge gasịrị, Musa kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta ya na nkwekọrịta abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-09-02|title=Turkey's Fatih Karagumruk terminate Ahmed Musa's contract|url=https://www.thecable.ng/turkeys-fatih-karagumruk-terminate-ahmed-musas-contract|accessdate=2023-07-05|work=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2 Septemba 2022, Musa bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ maka otu egwuregwu Turkey bụ Sivasspor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-09-02|title=Ahmed Musa Demir Grup Sivasspor'umuzda - Demir Grup Sivasspor Kulübü Resmi İnternet Sitesi|url=https://www.sivasspor.org.tr/ahmed-musa-demir-grup-sivassporumuzda/|accessdate=2023-07-05|language=tr|archivedate=2023-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611134837/https://www.sivasspor.org.tr/ahmed-musa-demir-grup-sivassporumuzda/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta ya na nkwekọrịta abụọ.[2]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Amosu|first=Adeboye|date=2024-02-28|title=Musa Part Ways With Turkish Club Sivasspor|url=https://www.completesports.com/musa-part-ways-with-turkish-club-sivasspor/|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=[[Complete Sports]]|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2024, Musa laghachiri na Kano Pillars maka oge nke atọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/ahmed-musa-sheu-abdullahi-rejoin-kano-pillars/|title=Ahmed Musa, Sheu Abdullahi rejoin Kano Pillars|date=4 October 2024|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
[[Faịlụ:Ahmed_Musa_2013.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Musa na [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] na 2013]]
[[Faịlụ:Nigeria_vs_Argentina.jpg|thumb|Musa na Naijiria megide Argentina na 2018 FIFA World Cup]]
N'April 2010, n'okpuru onye nchịkwa Lars Lagerbäck, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'ogige ọzụzụ ndị otu egwuregwu football nke Nigeria n'ihu 2010 FIFA World Cup na South Africa[1] mgbe o nyeere ndị otu Naijiria aka imeri na 2010 WAFU Nations Cup, na-ebute ihe mgbaru ọsọ megide Benin.  N'otu egwuregwu ahụ ha na Burkina Faso, goolu Musa gbagoro n'ime oge mgbatị ahụ mere ka Naịjirịa nwee ike ịbanye na ngwụcha asọmpi ahụ na Abeokuta.  Agbanyeghị, a manyere ya ịpụ na ndị otu Super Eagles nwere mmadụ iri atọ n'ihi mmerụ ahụ ọ merụrụ ahụ.

N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2010, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa, Musa mere nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na Egwuregwu iru eru maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2012 megide Madagascar, ebe ọ bịara dị ka onye nọchiri [[John Obi Mikel|Mikel John Obi]] na mmeri 2-0.&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/players/player=344714/profile-detail.html|title=Agmed MUSA|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=FIFA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Musa gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Super Eagles na March 2011 friendly megide Kenya.

N'April 2011, Musa tinyere n'òtù egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Nigeria n'okpuru-20 iji nọchite anya mba ahụ na 2011 African Youth Championship qualifiers, n'agbanyeghị na VVV Venlo kwuputara na ya anọghị ya maka asọmpi ahụ n'ihi nkwa ọgbakọ. Mgbe mkparịta ụka kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na ndị otu Naijiria, VVV Venlo na ndị nnọchiteanya Musa gasịrị, e kwekọrịtara na Musa ga-agbagharị n'etiti Netherlands na South Africa iji soro ndị otu mba ahụ sonye na asọmpi ahụ. Mgbe egwuregwu mmeghe megide ndị na-agbachitere Ghana, Musa meriri ihe nrite ọkpụkpọ kacha baa uru wee banye ụgbọ elu ọzọ laghachi Netherlands.

N'August 2011, Musa nọchitere Nigeria U20 na 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup nke emere na Colombia, ebe o meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ atọ na egwuregwu ise. FIFA tinyere Musa na ndepụta nke 10 ndị ga-aga maka bọọlụ Adidas Golden Ball, bụ nke e nyere onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị ama nke FIFA U-20 World Cup.

Na 7 Disemba 2011, Ahmed Musa bụ otu n'ime ndị anọ a họpụtara maka Confederation of African Football Most Promising Talent Award, agbanyeghị onyinye ahụ gara na Souleymane Coulibaly nke Ivory Coast. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/football/news/12447-toure-crowned-african-player-of-the-year-2011.html|title=CAF – CAF Error Page}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kpọrọ Musa ka ọ bịa n'òtù ndị ikom iri abụọ na atọ nke [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/20970786|title=Nations Cup 2013: Nigeria pick six locally-based players|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|date=10 January 2013|accessdate=10 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara na mmeri 4-1 nke ọkara ikpeazụ nke Mali wee pụta dị ka onye nọchiri Burkina Faso na nke ikpeazụ, dịka Super Eagles meriri nke atọ ha. N'ozuzu, ọ pụtara na ise n'ime egwuregwu isii nke otu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;/&gt; Na 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, ọ malitere na egwuregwu atọ niile nke otu ahụ ka e wepụrụ ha n'ọkwa otu. &lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ pụtara n'egwuregwu niile nke Naịjirịa, &lt;ref name=&quot;fifa&quot;/&gt; A kpọrọ aha Musa na ndị otu Stephen Keshi maka 2014 FIFA World Cup. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27302995|title=World Cup 2014: Nosa Igiebor cut from Nigeria squad|date=3 June 2014|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu abụọ n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke otu F, mmeri 3-2 na Argentina.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25285406|title=Nigeria 2–3 Argentina|date=25 June 2014|accessdate=26 June 2014|publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2015, mgbe Vincent Enyeama lara ezumike nká na bọọlụ mba ụwa, onye nkuzi Naijiria, Sunday Oliseh kpọrọ Musa dịka onyeisi ndị otu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2015/10/09/16174222/official-ahmed-musa-confirmed-nigeria-captain-onazi-his|title=Ahmed Musa confirmed Nigeria captain, Onazi his deputy|date=9 October 2015|accessdate=25 March 2021|publisher=Goal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, a gbanwere mkpebi a na 2016 ka a họpụtara Mikel John Obi ka ọ bụrụ onyeisi ndị otu Naijiria ma bufee Musa ka ọ bụrụ osote onyeisi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/17252/super-eagles/2016/03/24/21649252/mikel-obi-named-new-nigeria-captain|title=Mikel Obi named new Nigeria captain|date=24 March 2016|accessdate=25 March 2021|publisher=Goal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Mee 2018, a kpọrọ ya aha na ndị otu egwuregwu iri atọ mbụ nke Nigeria maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke 2018 na Russia. N'agbanyeghị na ọrụ ya megide Iceland dị oke mma, o zughị ezu idebe ndị West Africa n'asọmpi ahụ ka Argentina wepụrụ ha. Na 22 June 2018, Musa meriri ugboro abụọ na mmeri 2-0 meriri Iceland na egwuregwu nke abụọ ha nke iko mba ụwa. N'ọnwa Jun afọ 2019 ọ ghọrọ onye egwuregwu nke atọ kacha nwee asọmpi maka otu mba Naịjirịa, karịa Nwankwo Kanu, ka ọ pụtachara na egwuregwu enyi na enyi ha na Zimbabwe. Onye isi nchịkwa Gernot Rohr kpọrọ ya aha na otu egwuregwu mba Africa nke 2019. Ọ sokwa na ndị otu Naịjirịa na asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2021 na 2023 nke emere na Cameroon na Ivory Coast n'otu n'otu. N'afọ 2023 AFCON, Musa bụ onye nọchiri anya n'oge niile mana ọrụ nchịkwa ya na mmetụta dị mma n'ime otu ahụ bụ nke onye nchịkwa na ndị egwuregwu kwadoro.

N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2021, Musa meriri n'asọmpi mba ụwa nke iri na otu, karịa ihe ndekọ [[Joseph Yobo|Josef Yobo]] nwere n'oge gara aga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/11/13/ahmed-musa-overtakes-enyeama-yobo-to-become-most-capped-super-eagles-player/|title=Ahmed Musa overtakes Enyeama, Yobo to become most-capped Super Eagles player|first=Ifreke|author=Inyang|date=13 November 2021|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, Musa kwupụtara ezumike nká ya n'ọrụ mba ụwa, mgbe ọ lara ezumike nkwe, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Akinsanmi|first='Sola|date=2025-12-17|title=Ahmed Musa retires from football, turns focus on administration|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/football/ahmed-musa-retires-from-football-turns-focus-on-administration/|accessdate=2025-12-17|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; o nwere ihe ndekọ nke onye na-agba bọọlụ kacha agba bọọlụ na Naijiria &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Akinbo|first=Peter|date=2025-11-15|title=Top 10 most capped Super Eagles players|url=https://punchng.com/top-10-most-capped-super-eagles-players/|accessdate=2025-12-17|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na egwuregwu 111 maka otu mba.

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
N'ọnwa Eprel 2017, Musa tinyere aka na esemokwu ya na nwunye ya Jamila, nke mere ka a kpọọ ndị uwe ojii n'ụlọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Aarons, Ed|title=Leicester's Ahmed Musa considering legal action over reports he beat up wife|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2017/apr/06/ahmed-musa-leicester-legal-action-wife|accessdate=24 June 2018|work=The Guardian|date=6 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, di na nwunye ahụ gbara alụkwaghịm na-esote &quot;ọdịiche na-enweghị ngwọta&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|title=Why Ahmed Musa divorced his wife|url=http://dailypost.ng/2017/04/15/ahmed-musa-divorced-wife-family-source/|accessdate=24 June 2018|date=15 April 2017|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 23 Mee, Musa lụrụ Juliet Ejue na [[Abuja]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adetayo|first=Ayoola|title=Ahmed Musa: Nigerian footballer weds Juliet Ejue in Abuja|url=http://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/ahmed-musa-weds-juliet-ejue-in-abuja-id6729438.html|accessdate=24 June 2018|date=24 May 2017|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Super Eagles' Ahmed Musa and Juliet Ejue are Married|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/super-eagles-ahmed-musa-and-juliet-ejue-are-married/|accessdate=24 June 2018|work=BellaNaija.com|date=24 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 24 Jenụwarị 2019, Musa kwupụtara akụkọ ọnwụ nne ya Sarah Musa na ibe Twitter ya. Ọ na-arịa ọrịa n'oge gara aga.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Admin|title=Ahmed Musa loses mum|url=https://punchng.com/ahmed-musa-loses-mum/|work=[[The Punch]]|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=29 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nsiyen|first=Nsikak|title=SPORTSuper Eagles player, Ahmed Musa loses mum|url=http://dailypost.ng/2019/01/24/super-eagles-player-ahmed-musa-loses-mum/|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|date=24 January 2019|accessdate=29 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Musa onye bụ onye Alakụba, chere nkatọ sitere n'aka [[Ndi áláküba|Ndị Alakụba]] ihu maka ịchọ Krismas na-atọ ụtọ nye ndị na-eso ụzọ instagram ya na post na-ede: &quot;Ekele nke oge ememme a, ana m ekpegara ka ị nwee ezi ọṅụ na udo ma mee ka ihe ndị na-eme ememme ghara ịkwụsị n'ụlọ gị niile. Ka ọ na-etinye foto nke Nwunye Onye Kraịst ya n'akụkụ Osisi Krismas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-12-26|title=Ahmed Musa faces backlash for wishing fans Merry Christmas|url=https://www.afrik-foot.com/en-ng/ahmed-musa-christmas-backlash|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=afrik-foot.com|language=en-ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ịgbaso nkatọ sitere n'aka Ndị Alakụba Naijiria, Musa kpọrọ ndị Naijiria ka ha cheta na &quot;n'egwuregwu mara mma, anyị na-eguzo n'otu, na-agafe agbụrụ na Okpukpe&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Ubanagu&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ubanagu|first=Makua|date=2024-01-28|title=AFCON: Nigeria stands united, beyond tribe, religion — Musa|url=https://punchng.com/afcon-nigeria-stands-united-beyond-tribe-religion-musa/|accessdate=2024-07-04|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Musa rịọkwara ndị Naijiria ka ha &quot;jikọta aka maka udo, ihe mgbaru ọsọ, na ọdịnihu dị mma&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ubanagu&quot;/&gt;

== Mmasị azụmahịa ==
N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2017, Musa zụrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ụgbọala nke abụọ na Naịjirịa, na-agbasawanye itinye ego ya na ngalaba ike. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Carmichael|first=Charlie|title=Leicester's Ahmed Musa buys second petrol station in Nigeria|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/leicesters-ahmed-musa-buys-second-petrol-station-nigeria|work=FourFourTwo|date=12 October 2017|accessdate=10 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Febụwarị 1, 2021, Musa nyere iwu ka Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Center, nke dị na Kamazo, mpaghara [[Kaduna]] nke dị na [[Chikun]] Local Government Area. Ihe owuwu ahụ gụnyere mmega ahụ, ogige bọọlụ, na oghere ihe omume, ma na-eje ozi dị ka ebe mmepe ndị ntorobịa na itinye aka na obodo  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa’s Neighbourhood Centre Opens in Kaduna|url=https://dateline.ng/ahmed-musas-neighbourhood-centre-opens-in-kaduna/|work=Dateline Nigeria|date=1 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Jubilation as Ahmed Musa Commissions Multi-Million Naira Sports Facility in Kaduna|url=https://www.legit.ng/1400706-jubilation-ahmed-musa-commissions-multi-million-naira-sports-facility-kaduna.html|work=[[Legit.ng]]|date=3 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ahmed Musa Opens His Multi-Million Naira Centre in Kaduna|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/ahmed-musa-opens-his-multi-million-naira-centre-in-kaduna/20240818|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|date=2 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa Launches Another Big Project in the North|url=https://everyevery.ng/ahmed-musa-lunch-another-big-project-in-the-north/|work=EveryEvery.ng|date=1 February 2021|accessdate=9 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Centre Gym|url=https://thenaijabodybuildingdirectory.com/ahmed-musa-neighbourhood-centre-gym/ahmed-musa-neighbourhood-centre-gym/|work=thenaijabodybuildingdirectory.com|accessdate=September 6, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ahmed Musa Neighborhood Center|url=https://domynate.com/gym/ahmed-musa-neighborhood-center/|work=domynate.com|accessdate=September 5, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ[b]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |VVV-Venlo
|2010–11
|Eredivisie
|23
|5
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4[c]
|2
|27
|7
|-
|2011–12&lt;ref name=&quot;wf&quot;&gt;{{WorldFootball.net|ahmed-musa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Eredivisie
|14
|3
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!37
!8
!1
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!4
!2
!42
!10
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |CSKA Moscow
|2011–12
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|11
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[d]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|1
|-
|2012–13&lt;ref name=&quot;sw&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|130008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|28
|11
|5
|4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[e]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|35
|15
|-
|2013–14&lt;ref name=&quot;sw&quot; /&gt;
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|26
|7
|4
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6[d]
|1
|1[f]
|0
|37
|9
|-
|2014–15&lt;ref name=&quot;sw&quot; /&gt;
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|30
|10
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6[d]
|1
|1[f]
|0
|39
|11
|-
|2015–16&lt;ref name=&quot;sw&quot; /&gt;
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|29
|13
|4
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|10[d]
|4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|43
|18
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!124
!42
!15
!6
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!26
!6
!2
!0
!167
!55
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Obodo Leicester
|2016–17
|Njikọ Premier
|21
|2
|4
|2
|1
|0
|5[d]
|0
|1[g]
|0
|32
|4
|-
|2017–18&lt;ref name=&quot;sb&quot;&gt;{{Soccerbase}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Njikọ Premier
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!21
!2
!4
!2
!2
!1
!5
!0
!1
!0
!33
!5
|-
|CSKA Moscow (onye a gbazitere) 
|2017–18&lt;ref name=&quot;sw&quot; /&gt;
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|10
|6
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6[e]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|7
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Al Nassr
|2018–19&lt;ref name=&quot;sb&quot; /&gt;
|Saudi Pro League
|24
|7
|3
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|4[h]
|1
|31
|10
|-
|2019–20&lt;ref name=&quot;sb&quot; /&gt;
|Saudi Pro League
|24
|2
|4
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|1[i]
|0
|29
|4
|-
|2020–21&lt;ref name=&quot;sb&quot; /&gt;
|Saudi Pro League
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!50
!9
!7
!4
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!0
!0
!5
!1
!62
!14
|-
|Ogidi Kano
|2020–21&lt;ref name=&quot;sb&quot; /&gt;
|Njikọ bọọlụ Naịjirịa
|8
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Fatih Karagümrük
|2021–22&lt;ref name=&quot;sb&quot; /&gt;
|Süper Lig
|31
|2
|3
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|34
|4
|-
|2022–23&lt;ref name=&quot;sb&quot; /&gt;
|Süper Lig
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!34
!2
!3
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!37
!4
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sivasspor
|2022–23&lt;ref name=&quot;sb&quot; /&gt;
|Süper Lig
|17
|0
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3[j]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|24
|0
|-
|2023–24&lt;ref name=&quot;sb&quot; /&gt;
|Süper Lig
|2
|0
|2
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|4
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!19
!0
!6
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!3
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!28
!1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!303
!69
!36
!15
!2
!1
!40
!7
!12
!3
!393
!96
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;16&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2010
|2
|0
|-
|2011
|10
|1
|-
|2012
|6
|2
|-
|2013
|17
|2
|-
|2014
|12
|4
|-
|2015
|9
|2
|-
|2016
|5
|0
|-
|2017
|5[a]
|0
|-
|2018
|13
|4
|-
|2019
|11
|0
|-
|2020
|4
|0
|-
|2021
|8
|1
|-
|2022
|4
|0
|-
|2023
|2
|0
|-
|2024
|1
|0
|-
|2025
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!110
!16
|}
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;[[w:updated|match played 13 November 2021.]]
:''Scores and results list Nigeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Musa goal''.&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player|40258|name=Ahmed Musa |access-date=23 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Ahmed Musa gbara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ref.
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|29 Machị 2011
|National Stadium, [[Abuja]], Nigeria
| Kenya
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|16 June 2012
|U. J. Esuene Stadium, [[Calabar]], Nigeria
| Rwanda
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2013 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
|13 Ọktoba 2012
|U. J. Esuene Stadium, Calabar, Nigeria
| Liberia
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6–1
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4
|6 Febụwarị 2013
|Moses Mabhida Stadium, Durban, South Africa
| Mali
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4–1
|2013 Iko Mba Afrịka
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |5
|June 5, 2013
|Ebe Egwuregwu Mba Nile nke Moi, Kasarani, Kenya
| Kenya
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
|2014 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |25 June 2014
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Estádio Beira-Rio, Praia de Belas, Brazil
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Argentina
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |2–3
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2014 FIFA World Cup
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–2
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |8
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |15 Ọktoba 2014
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |National Stadium, Abuja, Nigeria
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Sudan
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |3–1
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |9
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–1
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |10
|28 Machị 2015
|Mbombela Stadium, Nelspruit, South Africa
| South Africa
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị nwere omume enyi
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |11
|8 Septemba 2015
|[[Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium]], Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| Niger
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |12
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |22 June 2018
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Volgograd Arena, Volgograd, Russia
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Iceland
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018 FIFA World Cup
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian220618&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/jun/22/nigeria-iceland-ahmed-musa-world-cup-group-d-match-report|title=Nigeria's Ahmed Musa punishes wasteful Iceland to give Argentina hope. Musa also gave out a public announcement|work=The Guardian|accessdate=22 June 2018|date=22 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |13
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |14
|8 Septemba 2018
|Ogige Egwuregwu Linité, Victoria, Seychelles
| Seychelles
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2019 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |15
|16 Ọktoba 2018
|Ogige Egwuregwu Taïeb Mhiri, Sfax, Tunisia
| Libya
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–2
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |16
|13 Nọvemba 2021
|Ogige egwuregwu Ibn Batouta, Tangier, Morocco
| Liberia
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
|2022 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|
|}

* Russian Premier League: 2012-13, 2013-14, 2015-162015–16
* Iko Russia: 2012-132012–13
* Russian Super Cup: 2013, 2014

'''Al-Nassr'''

* Saudi Pro League: 2018-19&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/ahmed-musa-amrabat-and-hamdallah-win-saudi-professional/1vlac224i0b4t1ja01fqctmfpa|title=Ahmed Musa, Amrabat and Hamdallah win Saudi Professional League title with Al Nassr|publisher=Goal|accessdate=18 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Saudi Super Cup: 2019

'''Naịjirịa U20'''

'''Naịjirịa'''

* Africa Cup of Nations: 2013; onye nke abụọ: 2023; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe nke atọ: 2019 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 July 2019|title=Tunisia 0–1 Nigeria|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48932084|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227223831/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48932084|archivedate=27 February 2021|accessdate=18 July 2019|publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Iko Mba WAFU: 2010

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na Njikọ Premier nke Nigeria: 2009-102009–10
* Na ndepụta nke ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ 33 kachasị mma nke asọmpi nke Russia: 2012-132012–13
* Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na Russia: 2012-132012–13
* Ndị otu CAF nke Afọ: 2014&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Glo-CAF awards 2014 winners|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/54/119850/Sports/Africa/GloCAF-awards--winners-.aspx|publisher=Ahram|date=January 9, 2015|accessdate=December 9, 2015|archivedate=28 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015452/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/54/119850/Sports/Africa/GloCAF-awards--winners-.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Abulmalik|first=Abdulrahman|date=13 February 2013|title=Jonathan doles out cash, land, national honours to Super Eagles|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/120039-jonathan-doles-out-cash-land-national-honours-to-super-eagles.html?tztc=1|accessdate=2024-02-17|work=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]
* Onye isi nke Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adeola|first=Ridwan|date=2024-02-13|title=AFCON 2023: Tinubu confers national honour of OON on Ahmed Musa|url=https://www.legit.ng/sports/football/1578649-afcon-2023-ahmed-musa-higher-award-tinubu-confers-national-honours-super-eagles-players/|accessdate=2024-02-15|work=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Hụkwa ==

* Portal bọọlụ n'Africa 

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>6st8zumt0exq9czay4bgpggorqn5rra</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Semi Ajayi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75342</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672745</id>
      <parentid>642088</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:07:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mba Nile */</comment>
      <origin>672745</origin>
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'''Oluwasemilogo Adesewo Ibidapo &quot;Semi&quot; Ajayi''' {{Audio|Semi Ajayi.ogg|Listen}}&lt;sup class=&quot;ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable&quot;&gt;[[:File:Semi Ajayi.ogg|ⓘ]]&lt;/sup&gt; MON (amụrụ na 9 Nọvemba 1993) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-azụ azụ maka EFL Championship club Hull City . A mụrụ ya n'England, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu egwuregwu mba Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Eurosport&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/semi-ajayi_prs339355/person.shtml|title=Semi Ayaji|work=Eurosport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Charlton Athletic ===
A mụrụ ya na nne na nna Naijiria, Ajayi malitere ọrụ bọọlụ ya dị ka onye ntorobịa nke Charlton Athletic academy. Mgbe ọ gara n'ihu na Charlton Athletic, e nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọkachamara mbụ ya na Jenụwarị 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Defender commits to Addicks|url=http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/sport/9492550.Defender_commits_to_Addicks/|work=News Shopper|date=25 January 2012|accessdate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Nọvemba 2012, Ajayi sonyeere Dartford na mbinye ego nwa oge maka ụbọchị 28.[1] N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mere mpụta mbụ ya na Dartford, na mmeri 4–0 meriri Kingstonian na FA Trophy wee nye goolu mbụ ya maka akụkụ ahụ, na 3–2 meriri Tamworth. Ajayi gbara egwuregwu atọ wee nye otu goolu tupu ọ lawa na klọb nne na nna ya na ngwụcha Disemba.

Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Charlton Athletic, Ajayi gbara bọọlụ maka ndị ọzọ n'oge ahụ ma nyere ha aka imeri na Professional Development League 2.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130512-u21s-cardiff-report-818032.aspx|title=Report: U21s seal national title|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=12 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190949/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130512-u21s-cardiff-report-818032.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụzọ, ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe n'akụkụ ndị okenye maka egwuregwu megide Blackpool na 12 Jenụwarị 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130112-blackpool-report-593294.aspx?pageView=full|title=Report: Charlton 2 Blackpool 1|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=12 January 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508184455/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130112-blackpool-report-593294.aspx?pageView=full#anchored|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ngwá Agha ===
N'oge na-adịghị anya tupu ya emee nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu Charlton, Ajayi dọtara anya ndị otu Premier League Arsenal. Ajayi sonyeere Arsenal Academy na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ mgbe ọ masịrị dị ka onye na-anwale na klọb ahụ na Septemba 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/semi-ajayi-joins-arsenal-academy.aspx|title=Ajayi joins Arsenal|publisher=Arsenal|date=23 September 2013|accessdate=30 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ajayi mere Arsenal U21 mbụ ya dị ka onye na-agba mbọ megide Blackburn Rovers na 30 Ọgọst 2013, na-agba goolu n'isi, na mmeri 3-0.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.arsenal.com/match/report/1314/post/reserves/under-21s-blackburn-0-3-arsenal|title=Under-21s: Blackburn 0–3 Arsenal|publisher=Arsenal F.C.|date=30 August 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193119/http://www.arsenal.com/match/report/1314/post/reserves/under-21s-blackburn-0-3-arsenal|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ajayi, onye bu ụzọ pụta maka ndị otu Arsenal na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Boreham Wood, mere oche Arsenal ugboro anọ n'oge oge 2014-15. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe n'egwuregwu megide Hull City, Stoke City na Newcastle na Premier League, yana mmeri Southampton meriri na League Cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Who is Semi Ajayi? 19 things you should know about Cardiff City loanee some Arsenal fans dubbed 'New Sol Campbell'|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/incoming/who-semi-ajayi-19-things-8919754|publisher=Wales Online|date=25 March 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Obodo Cardiff ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2015, Ajayi sonyeere otu egwuregwu Championship Cardiff City na mgbazinye ruo na ngwụcha oge 2014-15 mana ọ pụtaghị maka otu mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/32060913.aspx|title=Ajayi joins Bluebirds on loan|work=BBC Sport|date=25 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha oge ahụ, Ajayi sonyeere Cardiff na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na-adịgide adịgide mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Arsenal kwụsịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33196012|title=Semi Ajayi joins Cardiff City from Arsenal|work=BBC Sport|date=19 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2014-15, e nyere Ajayi uwe iri abụọ na itoolu maka oge ọhụrụ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/squad-numbers-201516-2598955.aspx|title=SQUAD NUMBERS 2015/16|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=6 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193934/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/squad-numbers-201516-2598955.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, Ajayi pụtara ugboro abụọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe, ha abụọ bịara na mkpọsa League Cup megide AFC Wimbledon  na MK Dons. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/capital-one-cup-rd1-cardiff-city-1-0-wimbledon-2611584.aspx|title=CAPITAL ONE CUP RD1: CARDIFF CITY 1–0 WIMBLEDON|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=11 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193941/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/capital-one-cup-rd1-cardiff-city-1-0-wimbledon-2611584.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/report-mk-dons-2-1-cardiff-city-2647114.aspx|title=REPORT: MK DONS 2–1 CARDIFF CITY AET|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=25 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508194006/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/report-mk-dons-2-1-cardiff-city-2647114.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbazinye ego ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2015, Ajayi sonyeere otu egwuregwu League Two AFC Wimbledon na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye otu ọnwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34391082|title=Semi Ajayi: Cardiff defender joins AFC Wimbledon on loan|work=BBC Sport|date=29 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya maka Dons n'otu ụbọchị ahụ na 1-1 draw megide Northampton Town. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34321574|title=Wimbledon 1–1 Northampton|work=BBC Sport|date=29 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ masịrị ya n'egwuregwu abụọ mbụ ya, ọ chọsiri ike ịgbatị oge ịgbazinye ego ya na AFC Wimbledon maka ohere ndị ọzọ nke otu mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=AFC Wimbledon: Loanee Ajayi making the most of game time|url=http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/13812493.AFC_Wimbledon__Loanee_Ajayi_making_the_most_of_game_time/|work=News Shopper|date=9 October 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ pụtara ugboro ise maka otu ahụ, Ajayi laghachiri na klọb nne na nna ya na njedebe nke oge mgbazinye ego mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afcwimbledon.co.uk/news/article/bayo-boost-for-dons-2772373.aspx|title=Bayo Boost for Dons|publisher=AFC Wimbledon|date=29 October 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508195042/http://www.afcwimbledon.co.uk/news/article/bayo-boost-for-dons-2772373.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 26 Nọvemba 2015, Ajayi sonyeere Njikọ Otu akụkụ Crewe Alexandra na mbinye ego ruo 5 Jenụwarị 2016.[1] Mgbe mpụta mbụ ya megide Oldham Athletic ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, Ajayi kpọrọ aha na Football League Team of the Week nke na-ekpuchi akụkụ atọ nke Football League. N'ịgbaso ọtụtụ ihe ngosi dị egwu maka Crewe, agbatịkwuru oge mbinye ego ya na 27 nke ọnwa Febụwarị, oge ụbọchị 93 kacha anabatara n'okpuru iwu mgbazinye ego mberede.  Na 13 nke ọnwa Febụwarị 2016, na-enwe ohere ịgbatịkwu mbinye ego ka akọwara dị ka obere,  o setịpụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ maka Brad Inman na eserese 1-1 megide Walsall.[5] Mgbe o mechara ngosipụta ikpeazụ ya megide Chesterfield na 20 February 2016, [6] ọ laghachiri na klọb nne na nna ya.

=== Rotherham United ===
Na 30 Jenụwarị 2017, Ajayi bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mbinye ego ruo njedebe nke oge 2016–17 ya na ndị mgba asọmpi Rotherham United ibe ya. N'echi ya, o mere mpụta mbụ ya na Rotherham United, na-amalite ma na-egwu egwuregwu ahụ dum, na mmeri 2-0 megide Nottingham Forest. Ọtụtụ izu ka e mesịrị, na 14 February 2017, ọ gbatara goolu Rotherham United mbụ ya, na mmeri 3–2 megide Huddersfield Town. Ajayi bụ onye mbụ na-emekọ ihe ọnụ maka oge ndị ọzọ wee mee ngosi iri na asaa. Na 28 March 2017, Ajayi bịanyere aka na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide, nke ga-agwụ na 1 July 2017. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke akụkụ nke nwetara nkwalite na Championship mgbe o meriri Shrewsbury na njedebe egwuregwu na 27 May 2018.

N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel, ọ meriri EFL Championship Player of the Month maka Machị 2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sporting Life&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/sky-bet-efl-march-award-winners/165062|title=Sky Bet EFL March awards: Player of the Month and Manager of the Month winners announced|publisher=Sporting Life|date=12 April 2019|accessdate=12 April 2019}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/sky-bet-efl-march-award-winners/165062 &quot;Sky Bet EFL March awards: Player of the Month and Manager of the Month winners announced&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha oge nke klọb maka oge 2018/19, Ajayi meriri Away Player Of The Season Award mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu 8 na egwuregwu 49 na asọmpi niile,  yana Goal of the Season maka ogologo oge ya megide Leeds United na mmeri 2-1 na 26 Jenụwarị 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.themillers.co.uk/news/2019/may/awards--rusc-end-of-season-awards/|title=AWARDS {{!}} RUSC End of Season Awards|publisher=Goal|date=7 May 2019|accessdate=7 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/semi-ajayis-stunner-against-leeds-wins-rotherham-uniteds-goal-of-/10smr44mnp54i1r0ytrlzgeriv|title=Semi Ajayi's stunner against Leeds wins Rotherham United's Goal of the Season|publisher=Goal|date=4 May 2019|accessdate=7 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== West Bromwich Albion ===
Na 20 Julaị 2019, Ajayi bịanyere aka na West Bromwich Albion maka ego a na-akọwaghị, na-ekwenye na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ na klọb ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ajayi completes West Brom switch|url=https://www.themillers.co.uk/news/2019/july/read--ajayi-completes-west-brom-switch/|publisher=[[Rotherham United F.C.]]|accessdate=20 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wba.co.uk/news/2019/july/albion-add-ajayi-to-ranks/|title=Albion add Ajayi to ranks|publisher=West Bromwich Albion Official Site|date=20 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2020, Ajayi gbara goolu mbụ ya na Albion na Premier League na 1-1 draw megide ndị mmeri Liverpool.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/55382726|first=Neil|author=Johnston|title=Liverpool 1-1 West Brom: Semi Ajayi scores dramatic late equalizer|work=BBC Sport|date=27 December 2020|accessdate=27 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Obodo Hull ===
Na 19 June 2025, Ajayi bịanyere aka na Hull City n'efu. Ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na klọb ahụ nwere nhọrọ nke afọ ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.wearehullcity.co.uk/news/2025/june/19/ajayi-completes-hull-city-move/|title=Ajayi completes Hull City move|date=19 June 2025|publisher=Hull City A.F.C.|accessdate=19 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya na 9 Ọgọstụ, egwuregwu mmeghe nke oge ahụ, na 0-0 na Coventry City.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cz0y3v32g5gt#Report|title=Coventry City 0–0 Hull City|work=BBC Sport|author=Lanigan|first=Adam|date=9 August 2025|accessdate=29 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 29 Nọvemba na mmeri 2-1 megide Stoke City.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cde67lpzwd1t|title=Stoke City 2–1 Hull City|work=BBC Sport|date=29 November 2025|accessdate=29 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Na ngwụcha Mee 2013, a kpọrọ Ajayi ka ọ gaa na ndị otu Nigeria U20 maka egwuregwu Toulon Tournament ha nke afọ 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130528-harriott-ajayi-international-update-836049.aspx|title=Addicks pair impress internationally|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=28 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190155/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130528-harriott-ajayi-international-update-836049.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201305240372.html.aspx|title=Nigeria squad named|publisher=All Africa|date=23 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe na Matchday 1 megide Mexico U20, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130530-harriott-ajayi-international-watch-845071.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508010101/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130530%2Dharriott%2Dajayi%2Dinternational%2Dwatch%2D845071.aspx|title=International watch: Duo disappointed|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=30 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ajayi mere Nigeria U20 mbụ ya na 4 June 2013, na 1-1 draw megide Belgium U21. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130704-ajayi-nigeria-debut-853812.aspx|title=Ajayis Nigeria earn point|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=4 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190211/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130704-ajayi-nigeria-debut-853812.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ajayi gara n'ihu na-apụta ugboro abụọ ọzọ na asọmpi ahụ megide Portugal  na Brazil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130607-tournament-exit-for-ajayi-857799.aspx|title=Tournament exit for Ajayi|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=7 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190823/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130607-tournament-exit-for-ajayi-857799.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gwụchara, Ajayi kwuru na ọ dị mpako igwu egwu maka mba ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130614-ajayi-charlton-athletic-nigeria-868720.aspx|title=Ajayi proud of international recognition|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=14 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190835/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130614-ajayi-charlton-athletic-nigeria-868720.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ajayi natara oku mbụ ya na ndị otu okenye n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018 maka 2019 African Cup of Nations Qualifiers, ọ kọwara ya dị ka oku &quot;ọchịchọ&quot;. O mere nke mbụ ya megide Seychelles na 2019 Nation Cup qualifiers, na-abịa maka [[Chidozie Awaziem]] merụrụ ahụ na nkeji nke 73. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/rotherham-united-defender-semi-ajayi-revels-in-dream-nigeria/2qk94hc97gj413pkisaujokac|title=Rotherham United defender Semi Ajayi revels in dream Nigeria call-up|date=24 August 2018|accessdate=24 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2023, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu mmadụ iri abụọ na ise maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2023 na Côte d'Ivoire. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|date=29 December 2023|title=AFCON 2023: Jose Peseiro releases 25-man squad [FULL LIST]|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/12/29/afcon-2023-jose-peseiro-releases-25-man-squad-full-list/|accessdate=17 February 2024|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ naanị onye egwuregwu Naijiria nke gbara nkeji ọ bụla n'egwuregwu asaa nke Naijiria ka otu ahụ gara n'ihu na-apụta na nke abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adewale|first=Abiodun|date=14 February 2024|title=SILENT OPERATOR! Ajayi Eagles most consistent player at AFCON 2023|url=https://punchng.com/silent-operator-ajayi-eagles-most-consistent-player-at-afcon-2023/|accessdate=17 February 2024|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Ajayi ka ọ bịa soro na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=11 December 2025|accessdate=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{{updated|25 April 2026.}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=68485 |title=Semi Ajayi |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm |accessdate=17 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko FA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Charlton Athletic
|2012–13
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
|Dartford (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2012–13&lt;ref name=sasw&gt;{{soccerway|semi-ajayi/268823|accessdate=23 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nzukọ Mba
|3
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1 [nke dị ala ala 1]
|0
|4
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ngwá Agha
|2013–14&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Njikọ Premier
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|2014–15&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Njikọ Premier
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
|-
|Obodo Cardiff (nke a gbazitere) 
|2014–15&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Obodo Cardiff
|2015–16&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
|2016–17&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
|-
|AFC Wimbledon (ụgwọ) 
|2015–16
|Njikọ nke Abụọ
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|5
|0
|-
|Crewe Alexandra (onye e ji ego mgbazinye) 
|2015–16&lt;ref name=sb1516&gt;{{Soccerbase season|68485|2015|name=Semi Ajayi|accessdate=9 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|13
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|13
|0
|-
|Rotherham United (onye a gbazitere) 
|2016–17
|Mmeri
|17
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|17
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Rotherham United
|2017–18
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|35
|4
|1
|0
|2
|1
|4 
|0
|42
|5
|-
|2018–19
|Mmeri
|46
|7
|1
|0
|2
|1
|0
|0
|49
|8
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!81
!11
!2
!0
!4
!2
!4
!0
!91
!13
|-
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |West Bromwich Albion
|2019–20
|Mmeri
|43
|5
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|45
|5
|-
|2020–21
|Njikọ Premier
|33
|2
|1
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|34
|3
|-
|2021–22
|Mmeri
|31
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|1
|-
|2022–23
|Mmeri
|22
|2
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|2
|-
|2023–24
|Mmeri
|26
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1 
|0
|27
|2
|-
|2024–25
|Mmeri
|15
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!170
!12
!5
!1
!1
!0
!1
!0
!177
!13
|-
|Obodo Hull
|2025–26
|Mmeri
|22
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!311
!26
!7
!1
!5
!2
!6
!0
!329
!29
|}
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 27 March 2026]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player|id=71857|accessdate=26 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2018
|5
|0
|-
|2019
|6
|0
|-
|2020
|4
|0
|-
|2021
|0
|0
|-
|2022
|6
|0
|-
|2023
|7
|1
|-
|2024
|14
|0
|-
|2025
|8
|1
|-
|2026
|5
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!55
!2
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Semi Ajayi gbara
!Mba.
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe a na-anọ
!Onye mmegide
!Ihe ruru
!Nsonaazụ
!Ịsọ mpi
|-
|1.
|18 Nọvemba 2023
|Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, [[Uyo]], Nigeria
| Lesotho
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
|2.
|23 Disemba 2025
|Fez Stadium, Fez, Morocco
| Tanzania
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2025
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Rotherham United'''

* EFL League One play-offs: 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44186999|title=Rotherham United 2–1 Shrewsbury Town|first=Ged|author=Scott|work=BBC Sport|date=27 May 2018|accessdate=27 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Naịjirịa'''

* Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2023; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe nke atọ: 2025 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* Onye mmeri nke ọnwa EFL: Machị 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;Sporting Life&quot; /&gt;

'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=13 February 2024|title=Afcon: Ivory Coast and Nigeria players get cash, villas and honours|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68286543|accessdate=24 February 2024|work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Oluwasemilogo Adesewo Ibidapo &quot;Semi&quot; Ajayi''' {{Audio|Semi Ajayi.ogg|Listen}}&lt;sup class=&quot;ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable&quot;&gt;[[:File:Semi Ajayi.ogg|ⓘ]]&lt;/sup&gt; MON (amụrụ na 9 Nọvemba 1993) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-azụ azụ maka EFL Championship club Hull City . A mụrụ ya n'England, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu egwuregwu mba Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Eurosport&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/semi-ajayi_prs339355/person.shtml|title=Semi Ayaji|work=Eurosport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Charlton Athletic ===
A mụrụ ya na nne na nna Naijiria, Ajayi malitere ọrụ bọọlụ ya dị ka onye ntorobịa nke Charlton Athletic academy. Mgbe ọ gara n'ihu na Charlton Athletic, e nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọkachamara mbụ ya na Jenụwarị 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Defender commits to Addicks|url=http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/sport/9492550.Defender_commits_to_Addicks/|work=News Shopper|date=25 January 2012|accessdate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Nọvemba 2012, Ajayi sonyeere Dartford na mbinye ego nwa oge maka ụbọchị 28.[1] N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mere mpụta mbụ ya na Dartford, na mmeri 4–0 meriri Kingstonian na FA Trophy wee nye goolu mbụ ya maka akụkụ ahụ, na 3–2 meriri Tamworth. Ajayi gbara egwuregwu atọ wee nye otu goolu tupu ọ lawa na klọb nne na nna ya na ngwụcha Disemba.

Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Charlton Athletic, Ajayi gbara bọọlụ maka ndị ọzọ n'oge ahụ ma nyere ha aka imeri na Professional Development League 2.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130512-u21s-cardiff-report-818032.aspx|title=Report: U21s seal national title|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=12 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190949/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130512-u21s-cardiff-report-818032.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụzọ, ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe n'akụkụ ndị okenye maka egwuregwu megide Blackpool na 12 Jenụwarị 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130112-blackpool-report-593294.aspx?pageView=full|title=Report: Charlton 2 Blackpool 1|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=12 January 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508184455/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130112-blackpool-report-593294.aspx?pageView=full#anchored|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ngwá Agha ===
N'oge na-adịghị anya tupu ya emee nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu Charlton, Ajayi dọtara anya ndị otu Premier League Arsenal. Ajayi sonyeere Arsenal Academy na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ mgbe ọ masịrị dị ka onye na-anwale na klọb ahụ na Septemba 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/semi-ajayi-joins-arsenal-academy.aspx|title=Ajayi joins Arsenal|publisher=Arsenal|date=23 September 2013|accessdate=30 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ajayi mere Arsenal U21 mbụ ya dị ka onye na-agba mbọ megide Blackburn Rovers na 30 Ọgọst 2013, na-agba goolu n'isi, na mmeri 3-0.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.arsenal.com/match/report/1314/post/reserves/under-21s-blackburn-0-3-arsenal|title=Under-21s: Blackburn 0–3 Arsenal|publisher=Arsenal F.C.|date=30 August 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193119/http://www.arsenal.com/match/report/1314/post/reserves/under-21s-blackburn-0-3-arsenal|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ajayi, onye bu ụzọ pụta maka ndị otu Arsenal na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Boreham Wood, mere oche Arsenal ugboro anọ n'oge oge 2014-15. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe n'egwuregwu megide Hull City, Stoke City na Newcastle na Premier League, yana mmeri Southampton meriri na League Cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Who is Semi Ajayi? 19 things you should know about Cardiff City loanee some Arsenal fans dubbed 'New Sol Campbell'|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/incoming/who-semi-ajayi-19-things-8919754|publisher=Wales Online|date=25 March 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Obodo Cardiff ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2015, Ajayi sonyeere otu egwuregwu Championship Cardiff City na mgbazinye ruo na ngwụcha oge 2014-15 mana ọ pụtaghị maka otu mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/32060913.aspx|title=Ajayi joins Bluebirds on loan|work=BBC Sport|date=25 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha oge ahụ, Ajayi sonyeere Cardiff na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na-adịgide adịgide mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Arsenal kwụsịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33196012|title=Semi Ajayi joins Cardiff City from Arsenal|work=BBC Sport|date=19 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2014-15, e nyere Ajayi uwe iri abụọ na itoolu maka oge ọhụrụ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/squad-numbers-201516-2598955.aspx|title=SQUAD NUMBERS 2015/16|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=6 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193934/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/squad-numbers-201516-2598955.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, Ajayi pụtara ugboro abụọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe, ha abụọ bịara na mkpọsa League Cup megide AFC Wimbledon  na MK Dons. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/capital-one-cup-rd1-cardiff-city-1-0-wimbledon-2611584.aspx|title=CAPITAL ONE CUP RD1: CARDIFF CITY 1–0 WIMBLEDON|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=11 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193941/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/capital-one-cup-rd1-cardiff-city-1-0-wimbledon-2611584.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/report-mk-dons-2-1-cardiff-city-2647114.aspx|title=REPORT: MK DONS 2–1 CARDIFF CITY AET|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=25 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508194006/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/report-mk-dons-2-1-cardiff-city-2647114.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbazinye ego ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2015, Ajayi sonyeere otu egwuregwu League Two AFC Wimbledon na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye otu ọnwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34391082|title=Semi Ajayi: Cardiff defender joins AFC Wimbledon on loan|work=BBC Sport|date=29 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya maka Dons n'otu ụbọchị ahụ na 1-1 draw megide Northampton Town. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34321574|title=Wimbledon 1–1 Northampton|work=BBC Sport|date=29 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ masịrị ya n'egwuregwu abụọ mbụ ya, ọ chọsiri ike ịgbatị oge ịgbazinye ego ya na AFC Wimbledon maka ohere ndị ọzọ nke otu mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=AFC Wimbledon: Loanee Ajayi making the most of game time|url=http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/13812493.AFC_Wimbledon__Loanee_Ajayi_making_the_most_of_game_time/|work=News Shopper|date=9 October 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ pụtara ugboro ise maka otu ahụ, Ajayi laghachiri na klọb nne na nna ya na njedebe nke oge mgbazinye ego mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afcwimbledon.co.uk/news/article/bayo-boost-for-dons-2772373.aspx|title=Bayo Boost for Dons|publisher=AFC Wimbledon|date=29 October 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508195042/http://www.afcwimbledon.co.uk/news/article/bayo-boost-for-dons-2772373.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 26 Nọvemba 2015, Ajayi sonyeere Njikọ Otu akụkụ Crewe Alexandra na mbinye ego ruo 5 Jenụwarị 2016.[1] Mgbe mpụta mbụ ya megide Oldham Athletic ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, Ajayi kpọrọ aha na Football League Team of the Week nke na-ekpuchi akụkụ atọ nke Football League. N'ịgbaso ọtụtụ ihe ngosi dị egwu maka Crewe, agbatịkwuru oge mbinye ego ya na 27 nke ọnwa Febụwarị, oge ụbọchị 93 kacha anabatara n'okpuru iwu mgbazinye ego mberede.  Na 13 nke ọnwa Febụwarị 2016, na-enwe ohere ịgbatịkwu mbinye ego ka akọwara dị ka obere,  o setịpụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ maka Brad Inman na eserese 1-1 megide Walsall.[5] Mgbe o mechara ngosipụta ikpeazụ ya megide Chesterfield na 20 February 2016, [6] ọ laghachiri na klọb nne na nna ya.

=== Rotherham United ===
Na 30 Jenụwarị 2017, Ajayi bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mbinye ego ruo njedebe nke oge 2016–17 ya na ndị mgba asọmpi Rotherham United ibe ya. N'echi ya, o mere mpụta mbụ ya na Rotherham United, na-amalite ma na-egwu egwuregwu ahụ dum, na mmeri 2-0 megide Nottingham Forest. Ọtụtụ izu ka e mesịrị, na 14 February 2017, ọ gbatara goolu Rotherham United mbụ ya, na mmeri 3–2 megide Huddersfield Town. Ajayi bụ onye mbụ na-emekọ ihe ọnụ maka oge ndị ọzọ wee mee ngosi iri na asaa. Na 28 March 2017, Ajayi bịanyere aka na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide, nke ga-agwụ na 1 July 2017. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke akụkụ nke nwetara nkwalite na Championship mgbe o meriri Shrewsbury na njedebe egwuregwu na 27 May 2018.

N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel, ọ meriri EFL Championship Player of the Month maka Machị 2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sporting Life&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/sky-bet-efl-march-award-winners/165062|title=Sky Bet EFL March awards: Player of the Month and Manager of the Month winners announced|publisher=Sporting Life|date=12 April 2019|accessdate=12 April 2019}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/sky-bet-efl-march-award-winners/165062 &quot;Sky Bet EFL March awards: Player of the Month and Manager of the Month winners announced&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha oge nke klọb maka oge 2018/19, Ajayi meriri Away Player Of The Season Award mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu 8 na egwuregwu 49 na asọmpi niile,  yana Goal of the Season maka ogologo oge ya megide Leeds United na mmeri 2-1 na 26 Jenụwarị 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.themillers.co.uk/news/2019/may/awards--rusc-end-of-season-awards/|title=AWARDS {{!}} RUSC End of Season Awards|publisher=Goal|date=7 May 2019|accessdate=7 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/semi-ajayis-stunner-against-leeds-wins-rotherham-uniteds-goal-of-/10smr44mnp54i1r0ytrlzgeriv|title=Semi Ajayi's stunner against Leeds wins Rotherham United's Goal of the Season|publisher=Goal|date=4 May 2019|accessdate=7 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== West Bromwich Albion ===
Na 20 Julaị 2019, Ajayi bịanyere aka na West Bromwich Albion maka ego a na-akọwaghị, na-ekwenye na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ na klọb ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ajayi completes West Brom switch|url=https://www.themillers.co.uk/news/2019/july/read--ajayi-completes-west-brom-switch/|publisher=[[Rotherham United F.C.]]|accessdate=20 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wba.co.uk/news/2019/july/albion-add-ajayi-to-ranks/|title=Albion add Ajayi to ranks|publisher=West Bromwich Albion Official Site|date=20 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2020, Ajayi gbara goolu mbụ ya na Albion na Premier League na 1-1 draw megide ndị mmeri Liverpool.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/55382726|first=Neil|author=Johnston|title=Liverpool 1-1 West Brom: Semi Ajayi scores dramatic late equalizer|work=BBC Sport|date=27 December 2020|accessdate=27 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Obodo Hull ===
Na 19 June 2025, Ajayi bịanyere aka na Hull City n'efu. Ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na klọb ahụ nwere nhọrọ nke afọ ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.wearehullcity.co.uk/news/2025/june/19/ajayi-completes-hull-city-move/|title=Ajayi completes Hull City move|date=19 June 2025|publisher=Hull City A.F.C.|accessdate=19 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya na 9 Ọgọstụ, egwuregwu mmeghe nke oge ahụ, na 0-0 na Coventry City.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cz0y3v32g5gt#Report|title=Coventry City 0–0 Hull City|work=BBC Sport|author=Lanigan|first=Adam|date=9 August 2025|accessdate=29 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 29 Nọvemba na mmeri 2-1 megide Stoke City.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cde67lpzwd1t|title=Stoke City 2–1 Hull City|work=BBC Sport|date=29 November 2025|accessdate=29 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Na ngwụcha Mee 2013, a kpọrọ Ajayi ka ọ gaa na ndị otu Nigeria U20 maka egwuregwu Toulon Tournament ha nke afọ 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130528-harriott-ajayi-international-update-836049.aspx|title=Addicks pair impress internationally|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=28 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190155/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130528-harriott-ajayi-international-update-836049.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201305240372.html.aspx|title=Nigeria squad named|publisher=All Africa|date=23 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe na Matchday 1 megide Mexico U20, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130530-harriott-ajayi-international-watch-845071.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508010101/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130530%2Dharriott%2Dajayi%2Dinternational%2Dwatch%2D845071.aspx|title=International watch: Duo disappointed|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=30 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ajayi mere Nigeria U20 mbụ ya na 4 June 2013, na 1-1 draw megide Belgium U21. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130704-ajayi-nigeria-debut-853812.aspx|title=Ajayis Nigeria earn point|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=4 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190211/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130704-ajayi-nigeria-debut-853812.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ajayi gara n'ihu na-apụta ugboro abụọ ọzọ na asọmpi ahụ megide Portugal  na Brazil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130607-tournament-exit-for-ajayi-857799.aspx|title=Tournament exit for Ajayi|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=7 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190823/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130607-tournament-exit-for-ajayi-857799.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gwụchara, Ajayi kwuru na ọ dị mpako igwu egwu maka mba ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130614-ajayi-charlton-athletic-nigeria-868720.aspx|title=Ajayi proud of international recognition|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=14 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190835/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130614-ajayi-charlton-athletic-nigeria-868720.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ajayi natara oku mbụ ya na ndị otu okenye n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018 maka 2019 African Cup of Nations Qualifiers, ọ kọwara ya dị ka oku &quot;ọchịchọ&quot;. O mere nke mbụ ya megide Seychelles na 2019 Nation Cup qualifiers, na-abịa maka [[Chidozie Awaziem]] merụrụ ahụ na nkeji nke 73. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/rotherham-united-defender-semi-ajayi-revels-in-dream-nigeria/2qk94hc97gj413pkisaujokac|title=Rotherham United defender Semi Ajayi revels in dream Nigeria call-up|date=24 August 2018|accessdate=24 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2023, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu mmadụ iri abụọ na ise maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2023 na Côte d'Ivoire. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|date=29 December 2023|title=AFCON 2023: Jose Peseiro releases 25-man squad [FULL LIST]|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/12/29/afcon-2023-jose-peseiro-releases-25-man-squad-full-list/|accessdate=17 February 2024|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ naanị onye egwuregwu Naijiria nke gbara nkeji ọ bụla n'egwuregwu asaa nke Naijiria ka otu ahụ gara n'ihu na-apụta na nke abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adewale|first=Abiodun|date=14 February 2024|title=SILENT OPERATOR! Ajayi Eagles most consistent player at AFCON 2023|url=https://punchng.com/silent-operator-ajayi-eagles-most-consistent-player-at-afcon-2023/|accessdate=17 February 2024|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Ajayi ka ọ bịa soro na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=11 December 2025|accessdate=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|25 April 2026.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=68485 |title=Semi Ajayi |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm |accessdate=17 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko FA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Charlton Athletic
|2012–13
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
|Dartford (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2012–13&lt;ref name=sasw&gt;{{soccerway|semi-ajayi/268823|accessdate=23 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nzukọ Mba
|3
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1 [nke dị ala ala 1]
|0
|4
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ngwá Agha
|2013–14&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Njikọ Premier
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|2014–15&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Njikọ Premier
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
|-
|Obodo Cardiff (nke a gbazitere) 
|2014–15&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Obodo Cardiff
|2015–16&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
|2016–17&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
|-
|AFC Wimbledon (ụgwọ) 
|2015–16
|Njikọ nke Abụọ
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|5
|0
|-
|Crewe Alexandra (onye e ji ego mgbazinye) 
|2015–16&lt;ref name=sb1516&gt;{{Soccerbase season|68485|2015|name=Semi Ajayi|accessdate=9 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|13
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|13
|0
|-
|Rotherham United (onye a gbazitere) 
|2016–17
|Mmeri
|17
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|17
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Rotherham United
|2017–18
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|35
|4
|1
|0
|2
|1
|4 
|0
|42
|5
|-
|2018–19
|Mmeri
|46
|7
|1
|0
|2
|1
|0
|0
|49
|8
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!81
!11
!2
!0
!4
!2
!4
!0
!91
!13
|-
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |West Bromwich Albion
|2019–20
|Mmeri
|43
|5
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|45
|5
|-
|2020–21
|Njikọ Premier
|33
|2
|1
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|34
|3
|-
|2021–22
|Mmeri
|31
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|1
|-
|2022–23
|Mmeri
|22
|2
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|2
|-
|2023–24
|Mmeri
|26
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1 
|0
|27
|2
|-
|2024–25
|Mmeri
|15
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!170
!12
!5
!1
!1
!0
!1
!0
!177
!13
|-
|Obodo Hull
|2025–26
|Mmeri
|22
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!311
!26
!7
!1
!5
!2
!6
!0
!329
!29
|}
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 27 March 2026]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player|id=71857|accessdate=26 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2018
|5
|0
|-
|2019
|6
|0
|-
|2020
|4
|0
|-
|2021
|0
|0
|-
|2022
|6
|0
|-
|2023
|7
|1
|-
|2024
|14
|0
|-
|2025
|8
|1
|-
|2026
|5
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!55
!2
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Semi Ajayi gbara
!Mba.
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe a na-anọ
!Onye mmegide
!Ihe ruru
!Nsonaazụ
!Ịsọ mpi
|-
|1.
|18 Nọvemba 2023
|Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, [[Uyo]], Nigeria
| Lesotho
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
|2.
|23 Disemba 2025
|Fez Stadium, Fez, Morocco
| Tanzania
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2025
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Rotherham United'''

* EFL League One play-offs: 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44186999|title=Rotherham United 2–1 Shrewsbury Town|first=Ged|author=Scott|work=BBC Sport|date=27 May 2018|accessdate=27 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Naịjirịa'''

* Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2023; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe nke atọ: 2025 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* Onye mmeri nke ọnwa EFL: Machị 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;Sporting Life&quot; /&gt;

'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=13 February 2024|title=Afcon: Ivory Coast and Nigeria players get cash, villas and honours|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68286543|accessdate=24 February 2024|work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>9h9iwm7djnllorrc9fu2rq8l8fbj4xu</sha1>
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'''Oluwasemilogo Adesewo Ibidapo &quot;Semi&quot; Ajayi''' {{Audio|Semi Ajayi.ogg|Listen}}&lt;sup class=&quot;ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable&quot;&gt;[[:File:Semi Ajayi.ogg|ⓘ]]&lt;/sup&gt; MON (amụrụ na 9 Nọvemba 1993) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-azụ azụ maka EFL Championship club Hull City . A mụrụ ya n'England, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu egwuregwu mba Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Eurosport&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/semi-ajayi_prs339355/person.shtml|title=Semi Ayaji|work=Eurosport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Charlton Athletic ===
A mụrụ ya na nne na nna Naijiria, Ajayi malitere ọrụ bọọlụ ya dị ka onye ntorobịa nke Charlton Athletic academy. Mgbe ọ gara n'ihu na Charlton Athletic, e nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọkachamara mbụ ya na Jenụwarị 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Defender commits to Addicks|url=http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/sport/9492550.Defender_commits_to_Addicks/|work=News Shopper|date=25 January 2012|accessdate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Nọvemba 2012, Ajayi sonyeere Dartford na mbinye ego nwa oge maka ụbọchị 28.[1] N'oge na-adịghị anya ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mere mpụta mbụ ya na Dartford, na mmeri 4–0 meriri Kingstonian na FA Trophy wee nye goolu mbụ ya maka akụkụ ahụ, na 3–2 meriri Tamworth. Ajayi gbara egwuregwu atọ wee nye otu goolu tupu ọ lawa na klọb nne na nna ya na ngwụcha Disemba.

Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Charlton Athletic, Ajayi gbara bọọlụ maka ndị ọzọ n'oge ahụ ma nyere ha aka imeri na Professional Development League 2.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130512-u21s-cardiff-report-818032.aspx|title=Report: U21s seal national title|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=12 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190949/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130512-u21s-cardiff-report-818032.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụzọ, ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe n'akụkụ ndị okenye maka egwuregwu megide Blackpool na 12 Jenụwarị 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130112-blackpool-report-593294.aspx?pageView=full|title=Report: Charlton 2 Blackpool 1|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=12 January 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508184455/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130112-blackpool-report-593294.aspx?pageView=full#anchored|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ngwá Agha ===
N'oge na-adịghị anya tupu ya emee nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu Charlton, Ajayi dọtara anya ndị otu Premier League Arsenal. Ajayi sonyeere Arsenal Academy na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ mgbe ọ masịrị dị ka onye na-anwale na klọb ahụ na Septemba 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/news-archive/semi-ajayi-joins-arsenal-academy.aspx|title=Ajayi joins Arsenal|publisher=Arsenal|date=23 September 2013|accessdate=30 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ajayi mere Arsenal U21 mbụ ya dị ka onye na-agba mbọ megide Blackburn Rovers na 30 Ọgọst 2013, na-agba goolu n'isi, na mmeri 3-0.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.arsenal.com/match/report/1314/post/reserves/under-21s-blackburn-0-3-arsenal|title=Under-21s: Blackburn 0–3 Arsenal|publisher=Arsenal F.C.|date=30 August 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193119/http://www.arsenal.com/match/report/1314/post/reserves/under-21s-blackburn-0-3-arsenal|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ajayi, onye bu ụzọ pụta maka ndị otu Arsenal na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Boreham Wood, mere oche Arsenal ugboro anọ n'oge oge 2014-15. Ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe n'egwuregwu megide Hull City, Stoke City na Newcastle na Premier League, yana mmeri Southampton meriri na League Cup.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Who is Semi Ajayi? 19 things you should know about Cardiff City loanee some Arsenal fans dubbed 'New Sol Campbell'|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/incoming/who-semi-ajayi-19-things-8919754|publisher=Wales Online|date=25 March 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Obodo Cardiff ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2015, Ajayi sonyeere otu egwuregwu Championship Cardiff City na mgbazinye ruo na ngwụcha oge 2014-15 mana ọ pụtaghị maka otu mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/32060913.aspx|title=Ajayi joins Bluebirds on loan|work=BBC Sport|date=25 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha oge ahụ, Ajayi sonyeere Cardiff na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na-adịgide adịgide mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Arsenal kwụsịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33196012|title=Semi Ajayi joins Cardiff City from Arsenal|work=BBC Sport|date=19 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2014-15, e nyere Ajayi uwe iri abụọ na itoolu maka oge ọhụrụ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/squad-numbers-201516-2598955.aspx|title=SQUAD NUMBERS 2015/16|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=6 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193934/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/squad-numbers-201516-2598955.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, Ajayi pụtara ugboro abụọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe, ha abụọ bịara na mkpọsa League Cup megide AFC Wimbledon  na MK Dons. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/capital-one-cup-rd1-cardiff-city-1-0-wimbledon-2611584.aspx|title=CAPITAL ONE CUP RD1: CARDIFF CITY 1–0 WIMBLEDON|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=11 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508193941/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/capital-one-cup-rd1-cardiff-city-1-0-wimbledon-2611584.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/report-mk-dons-2-1-cardiff-city-2647114.aspx|title=REPORT: MK DONS 2–1 CARDIFF CITY AET|publisher=Cardiff City F.C.|date=25 August 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508194006/http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/news/article/report-mk-dons-2-1-cardiff-city-2647114.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mgbazinye ego ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2015, Ajayi sonyeere otu egwuregwu League Two AFC Wimbledon na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye otu ọnwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34391082|title=Semi Ajayi: Cardiff defender joins AFC Wimbledon on loan|work=BBC Sport|date=29 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya maka Dons n'otu ụbọchị ahụ na 1-1 draw megide Northampton Town. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/34321574|title=Wimbledon 1–1 Northampton|work=BBC Sport|date=29 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ masịrị ya n'egwuregwu abụọ mbụ ya, ọ chọsiri ike ịgbatị oge ịgbazinye ego ya na AFC Wimbledon maka ohere ndị ọzọ nke otu mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=AFC Wimbledon: Loanee Ajayi making the most of game time|url=http://www.newsshopper.co.uk/news/13812493.AFC_Wimbledon__Loanee_Ajayi_making_the_most_of_game_time/|work=News Shopper|date=9 October 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ pụtara ugboro ise maka otu ahụ, Ajayi laghachiri na klọb nne na nna ya na njedebe nke oge mgbazinye ego mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.afcwimbledon.co.uk/news/article/bayo-boost-for-dons-2772373.aspx|title=Bayo Boost for Dons|publisher=AFC Wimbledon|date=29 October 2015|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508195042/http://www.afcwimbledon.co.uk/news/article/bayo-boost-for-dons-2772373.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 26 Nọvemba 2015, Ajayi sonyeere Njikọ Otu akụkụ Crewe Alexandra na mbinye ego ruo 5 Jenụwarị 2016.[1] Mgbe mpụta mbụ ya megide Oldham Athletic ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị, Ajayi kpọrọ aha na Football League Team of the Week nke na-ekpuchi akụkụ atọ nke Football League. N'ịgbaso ọtụtụ ihe ngosi dị egwu maka Crewe, agbatịkwuru oge mbinye ego ya na 27 nke ọnwa Febụwarị, oge ụbọchị 93 kacha anabatara n'okpuru iwu mgbazinye ego mberede.  Na 13 nke ọnwa Febụwarị 2016, na-enwe ohere ịgbatịkwu mbinye ego ka akọwara dị ka obere,  o setịpụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ maka Brad Inman na eserese 1-1 megide Walsall.[5] Mgbe o mechara ngosipụta ikpeazụ ya megide Chesterfield na 20 February 2016, [6] ọ laghachiri na klọb nne na nna ya.

=== Rotherham United ===
Na 30 Jenụwarị 2017, Ajayi bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mbinye ego ruo njedebe nke oge 2016–17 ya na ndị mgba asọmpi Rotherham United ibe ya. N'echi ya, o mere mpụta mbụ ya na Rotherham United, na-amalite ma na-egwu egwuregwu ahụ dum, na mmeri 2-0 megide Nottingham Forest. Ọtụtụ izu ka e mesịrị, na 14 February 2017, ọ gbatara goolu Rotherham United mbụ ya, na mmeri 3–2 megide Huddersfield Town. Ajayi bụ onye mbụ na-emekọ ihe ọnụ maka oge ndị ọzọ wee mee ngosi iri na asaa. Na 28 March 2017, Ajayi bịanyere aka na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide, nke ga-agwụ na 1 July 2017. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke akụkụ nke nwetara nkwalite na Championship mgbe o meriri Shrewsbury na njedebe egwuregwu na 27 May 2018.

N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Eprel, ọ meriri EFL Championship Player of the Month maka Machị 2019. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sporting Life&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/sky-bet-efl-march-award-winners/165062|title=Sky Bet EFL March awards: Player of the Month and Manager of the Month winners announced|publisher=Sporting Life|date=12 April 2019|accessdate=12 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha oge nke klọb maka oge 2018/19, Ajayi meriri Away Player Of The Season Award mgbe ọ gbasịrị goolu 8 na egwuregwu 49 na asọmpi niile,  yana Goal of the Season maka ogologo oge ya megide Leeds United na mmeri 2-1 na 26 Jenụwarị 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.themillers.co.uk/news/2019/may/awards--rusc-end-of-season-awards/|title=AWARDS {{!}} RUSC End of Season Awards|publisher=Goal|date=7 May 2019|accessdate=7 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/semi-ajayis-stunner-against-leeds-wins-rotherham-uniteds-goal-of-/10smr44mnp54i1r0ytrlzgeriv|title=Semi Ajayi's stunner against Leeds wins Rotherham United's Goal of the Season|publisher=Goal|date=4 May 2019|accessdate=7 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== West Bromwich Albion ===
Na 20 Julaị 2019, Ajayi bịanyere aka na West Bromwich Albion maka ego a na-akọwaghị, na-ekwenye na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ na klọb ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ajayi completes West Brom switch|url=https://www.themillers.co.uk/news/2019/july/read--ajayi-completes-west-brom-switch/|publisher=[[Rotherham United F.C.]]|accessdate=20 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wba.co.uk/news/2019/july/albion-add-ajayi-to-ranks/|title=Albion add Ajayi to ranks|publisher=West Bromwich Albion Official Site|date=20 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2020, Ajayi gbara goolu mbụ ya na Albion na Premier League na 1-1 draw megide ndị mmeri Liverpool.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/55382726|first=Neil|author=Johnston|title=Liverpool 1-1 West Brom: Semi Ajayi scores dramatic late equalizer|work=BBC Sport|date=27 December 2020|accessdate=27 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Obodo Hull ===
Na 19 June 2025, Ajayi bịanyere aka na Hull City n'efu. Ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na klọb ahụ nwere nhọrọ nke afọ ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.wearehullcity.co.uk/news/2025/june/19/ajayi-completes-hull-city-move/|title=Ajayi completes Hull City move|date=19 June 2025|publisher=Hull City A.F.C.|accessdate=19 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya na 9 Ọgọstụ, egwuregwu mmeghe nke oge ahụ, na 0-0 na Coventry City.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cz0y3v32g5gt#Report|title=Coventry City 0–0 Hull City|work=BBC Sport|author=Lanigan|first=Adam|date=9 August 2025|accessdate=29 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 29 Nọvemba na mmeri 2-1 megide Stoke City.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cde67lpzwd1t|title=Stoke City 2–1 Hull City|work=BBC Sport|date=29 November 2025|accessdate=29 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Na ngwụcha Mee 2013, a kpọrọ Ajayi ka ọ gaa na ndị otu Nigeria U20 maka egwuregwu Toulon Tournament ha nke afọ 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130528-harriott-ajayi-international-update-836049.aspx|title=Addicks pair impress internationally|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=28 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190155/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130528-harriott-ajayi-international-update-836049.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201305240372.html.aspx|title=Nigeria squad named|publisher=All Africa|date=23 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya a na-ejighị mee ihe na Matchday 1 megide Mexico U20, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130530-harriott-ajayi-international-watch-845071.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508010101/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130530%2Dharriott%2Dajayi%2Dinternational%2Dwatch%2D845071.aspx|title=International watch: Duo disappointed|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=30 May 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ajayi mere Nigeria U20 mbụ ya na 4 June 2013, na 1-1 draw megide Belgium U21. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130704-ajayi-nigeria-debut-853812.aspx|title=Ajayis Nigeria earn point|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=4 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190211/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130704-ajayi-nigeria-debut-853812.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ajayi gara n'ihu na-apụta ugboro abụọ ọzọ na asọmpi ahụ megide Portugal  na Brazil.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130607-tournament-exit-for-ajayi-857799.aspx|title=Tournament exit for Ajayi|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=7 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190823/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130607-tournament-exit-for-ajayi-857799.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe asọmpi ahụ gwụchara, Ajayi kwuru na ọ dị mpako igwu egwu maka mba ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130614-ajayi-charlton-athletic-nigeria-868720.aspx|title=Ajayi proud of international recognition|publisher=Charlton Athletic F.C.|date=14 June 2013|accessdate=8 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170508190835/http://www.cafc.co.uk/news/article/20130614-ajayi-charlton-athletic-nigeria-868720.aspx|archivedate=8 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ajayi natara oku mbụ ya na ndị otu okenye n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018 maka 2019 African Cup of Nations Qualifiers, ọ kọwara ya dị ka oku &quot;ọchịchọ&quot;. O mere nke mbụ ya megide Seychelles na 2019 Nation Cup qualifiers, na-abịa maka [[Chidozie Awaziem]] merụrụ ahụ na nkeji nke 73. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/rotherham-united-defender-semi-ajayi-revels-in-dream-nigeria/2qk94hc97gj413pkisaujokac|title=Rotherham United defender Semi Ajayi revels in dream Nigeria call-up|date=24 August 2018|accessdate=24 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2023, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu mmadụ iri abụọ na ise maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2023 na Côte d'Ivoire. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|date=29 December 2023|title=AFCON 2023: Jose Peseiro releases 25-man squad [FULL LIST]|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/12/29/afcon-2023-jose-peseiro-releases-25-man-squad-full-list/|accessdate=17 February 2024|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ naanị onye egwuregwu Naijiria nke gbara nkeji ọ bụla n'egwuregwu asaa nke Naijiria ka otu ahụ gara n'ihu na-apụta na nke abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adewale|first=Abiodun|date=14 February 2024|title=SILENT OPERATOR! Ajayi Eagles most consistent player at AFCON 2023|url=https://punchng.com/silent-operator-ajayi-eagles-most-consistent-player-at-afcon-2023/|accessdate=17 February 2024|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Ajayi ka ọ bịa soro na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=11 December 2025|accessdate=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|25 April 2026.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=68485 |title=Semi Ajayi |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm |accessdate=17 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko FA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Charlton Athletic
|2012–13
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
|Dartford (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2012–13&lt;ref name=sasw&gt;{{soccerway|semi-ajayi/268823|accessdate=23 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nzukọ Mba
|3
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1 [nke dị ala ala 1]
|0
|4
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ngwá Agha
|2013–14&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Njikọ Premier
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|2014–15&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Njikọ Premier
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
|-
|Obodo Cardiff (nke a gbazitere) 
|2014–15&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Obodo Cardiff
|2015–16&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
|2016–17&lt;ref name=&quot;sasw&quot; /&gt;
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
|-
|AFC Wimbledon (ụgwọ) 
|2015–16
|Njikọ nke Abụọ
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|5
|0
|-
|Crewe Alexandra (onye e ji ego mgbazinye) 
|2015–16&lt;ref name=sb1516&gt;{{Soccerbase season|68485|2015|name=Semi Ajayi|accessdate=9 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|13
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|13
|0
|-
|Rotherham United (onye a gbazitere) 
|2016–17
|Mmeri
|17
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|17
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Rotherham United
|2017–18
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|35
|4
|1
|0
|2
|1
|4 
|0
|42
|5
|-
|2018–19
|Mmeri
|46
|7
|1
|0
|2
|1
|0
|0
|49
|8
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!81
!11
!2
!0
!4
!2
!4
!0
!91
!13
|-
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |West Bromwich Albion
|2019–20
|Mmeri
|43
|5
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|45
|5
|-
|2020–21
|Njikọ Premier
|33
|2
|1
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|34
|3
|-
|2021–22
|Mmeri
|31
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|1
|-
|2022–23
|Mmeri
|22
|2
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|2
|-
|2023–24
|Mmeri
|26
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1 
|0
|27
|2
|-
|2024–25
|Mmeri
|15
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!170
!12
!5
!1
!1
!0
!1
!0
!177
!13
|-
|Obodo Hull
|2025–26
|Mmeri
|22
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!311
!26
!7
!1
!5
!2
!6
!0
!329
!29
|}
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 27 March 2026]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player|id=71857|accessdate=26 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2018
|5
|0
|-
|2019
|6
|0
|-
|2020
|4
|0
|-
|2021
|0
|0
|-
|2022
|6
|0
|-
|2023
|7
|1
|-
|2024
|14
|0
|-
|2025
|8
|1
|-
|2026
|5
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!55
!2
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Semi Ajayi gbara
!Mba.
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe a na-anọ
!Onye mmegide
!Ihe ruru
!Nsonaazụ
!Ịsọ mpi
|-
|1.
|18 Nọvemba 2023
|Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, [[Uyo]], Nigeria
| Lesotho
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
|2.
|23 Disemba 2025
|Fez Stadium, Fez, Morocco
| Tanzania
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2025
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Rotherham United'''

* EFL League One play-offs: 2018&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44186999|title=Rotherham United 2–1 Shrewsbury Town|first=Ged|author=Scott|work=BBC Sport|date=27 May 2018|accessdate=27 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Naịjirịa'''

* Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2023; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe nke atọ: 2025 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* Onye mmeri nke ọnwa EFL: Machị 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;Sporting Life&quot; /&gt;

'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=13 February 2024|title=Afcon: Ivory Coast and Nigeria players get cash, villas and honours|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68286543|accessdate=24 February 2024|work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Chibuike Godfrey Nwaiwu''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chibuike Godfrey Nwaiwu.ogg|Listen}}; amụrụ na 23 Julaị 2003) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere ndị otu Süper Lig Trabzonspor .

== Ọrụ ==
Nwaiwu malitere ọrụ ya na Naịjirịa na Heartland F.C. na 2021. Na 22 October 2022, ọ kwagara Enyimba ma nyere ha aka imeri 2022-23 Nigeria Professional Football League. Na 4 Septemba 2024, ọ gafere na klọb bọọlụ Bundesliga nke Austrian Wolfsberger AC na nkwekọrịta ruo 2027. Ọ malitere na ikpeazụ ka Wolfsberg meriri 2024–25 Austrian Cup, iko mbụ ha n'ime ụlọ.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Na 3 Maachị 2023, a kpọrọ Nwaiwu ka ọ bụrụ otu Nigeria U23s maka asọmpi Olimpik Summer 2024 - egwuregwu ntozu ụmụ nwoke.

== Nsọpụrụ ==

; Enyimba

* Njikọ bọọlụ Premier nke Nigeria: 2022-232022–23

; Wolfsberger AC

* Iko mba Austria: 2024-25&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports247.ng/chibuike-nwaiwu-makes-history-nigerian-midfielder-lifts-austrian-cup-with-wolfsberger-ac/|title=Chibuike Nwaiwu Makes History: Nigerian Midfielder Lifts Austrian Cup with Wolfsberger AC|first=Olusola|author=Adebayo|date=2 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Chibuike Nwaiwun'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
* Chibuike Godfrey NwaiwunaÖFB  (n'asụsụ German) 
[[w:Wolfsberger AC squad]]
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'''Chibuike Godfrey Nwaiwu''' ({{Audio|Ig-Chibuike Godfrey Nwaiwu.ogg|Listen}}; amụrụ na 23 Julaị 2003) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere ndị otu Süper Lig Trabzonspor .

== Ọrụ ==
Nwaiwu malitere ọrụ ya na Naịjirịa na Heartland F.C. na 2021. Na 22 October 2022, ọ kwagara Enyimba ma nyere ha aka imeri 2022-23 Nigeria Professional Football League. Na 4 Septemba 2024, ọ gafere na klọb bọọlụ Bundesliga nke Austrian Wolfsberger AC na nkwekọrịta ruo 2027. Ọ malitere na ikpeazụ ka Wolfsberg meriri 2024–25 Austrian Cup, iko mbụ ha n'ime ụlọ.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Na 3 Maachị 2023, a kpọrọ Nwaiwu ka ọ bụrụ otu Nigeria U23s maka asọmpi Olimpik Summer 2024 - egwuregwu ntozu ụmụ nwoke.

== Nsọpụrụ ==

; Enyimba

* Njikọ bọọlụ Premier nke Nigeria: 2022-232022–23

; Wolfsberger AC

* Iko mba Austria: 2024-25&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sports247.ng/chibuike-nwaiwu-makes-history-nigerian-midfielder-lifts-austrian-cup-with-wolfsberger-ac/|title=Chibuike Nwaiwu Makes History: Nigerian Midfielder Lifts Austrian Cup with Wolfsberger AC|first=Olusola|author=Adebayo|date=2 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Chibuike Nwaiwun'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
* Chibuike Godfrey NwaiwunaÖFB  (n'asụsụ German) 
[[w:Wolfsberger AC squad]]
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A mụrụ Okoye na Düsseldorf, nna [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]] Naijiria na nne German-French. Okoye nwere ụmụ amaala Naijiria, France na Germany site n'aka nne na nna ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sport Science Helping Okyoe Cope|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/sports-science-helping-okyoe-cope/|work=herald.co.zw|publisher=The Herald|accessdate=15 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2017, ọ hapụrụ otu ndị ntorobịa nke Bayer Leverkusen, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ kemgbe afọ 2009 iji sonye na otu ndị ntụrụndụ nke Fortuna Düsseldorf.

Na 14 October 2017, o mere mpụta mbụ ọkachamara ya na Regionalliga West maka Fortuna Düsseldorf II na egwuregwu megide Wuppertaler SV, dochie Max Schijns merụrụ ahụ na nkeji 43rd nke egwuregwu ahụ.  Ọ kwụsịrị oge 2017 / 2018 na ngosi 5, na-enye nanị ihe mgbaru ọsọ 1 ma na-edebe 4 dị ọcha, ebe ụlọ ọrụ ya kwụsịrị oge na ọnọdụ 15th na 36 isi mgbe egwuregwu 34 gasịrị, na-agbanarị mgbapụ na Oberliga.

N'afọ 2018/2019, ọ ghọrọ onye na-edebe goolu na klọb ahụ. N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ọ gbara bọọlụ ikpeazụ ya n'oge ahụ, megide SV Rödinghausen, mgbe onye na-edebe bọọlụ Jannick Theissen nọchiri ya n'ọkwa maka egwuregwu ndị ọzọ. Ọ gwụchara oge ahụ na 15 appearances, na-enyefe 25 goals na-edebe 3 clean sheets. N'oge a, klọb ya mere nke ọma karịa oge gara aga, na-emecha oge ahụ na ọnọdụ nke iri na abụọ na akara 42 mgbe egwuregwu 34 gasịrị.

N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2019, ọ gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya n'afọ 2019/2020 na mmeri 2-1 n'ụlọ megide Schalke 04 II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/match-report/ma8946464/lineup/|title=Fortuna Düsseldorf II - FC Schalke 04 II 2:1 (Regionalliga West 2019/2020, 5. Round)|date=24 August 2019|accessdate=25 August 2019|work=World Football}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sparta Rotterdam ===
N'ọnwa Julaị 2020, Okoye bịanyere aka na Sparta Rotterdam nke Eredivise n'efu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sparta-rotterdam.nl/sparta-contracteert-doelman-okoye/|title=SPARTA SIGNS GOALKEEPER OKOYE|date=13 July 2020|accessdate=10 November 2021|work=sparta-rotterdam.nl/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ ya Sparta's Player of the Season, na-edebe 10 clean sheets na 28 league egwuregwu n'oge 2020/21 oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sparta-rotterdam.nl/maduka-okoye-verkozen-tot-speler-seizoen-20-21/|title=MADUKA OKOYE NAMED PLAYER OF THE SEASON 20/21|date=30 June 2021|accessdate=10 November 2021|work=sparta-rotterdam.nl/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, Okoye bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta ruo 2025.

=== Watford ===
Na 8 Nọvemba 2021, a mara ọkwa na Okoye ekwerela isonyere ndị otu Premier League Watford na nkwekọrịta afọ ise na ọkara maka ego a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.watfordfc.com/news/official-watford-reach-okoye-agreement|title=Official: Watford Reach Okoye Agreement|date=8 November 2021|accessdate=10 November 2021|work=watfordfc.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okoye sonyeere Watford na 1 Jenụwarị 2022. Nkwekọrịta ahụ hụrụ Okoye gbazinyere Sparta Rotterdam ruo na njedebe nke mkpọsa 2021-22. Okoye mere nke mbụ ya na Watford na 23 Ọgọstụ 2022 na mmeri 2-0 n'ụlọ na MK Dons na agba nke abụọ nke EFL Cup.

=== Udinese ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2023, Okoye bịanyere aka na klọb Serie A Udinese maka ego a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Official: Okoye Departs|url=https://www.watfordfc.com/news/official-okoye-departs|accessdate=2023-08-24|work=Watford FC|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2025, ndị Italian Football Federation kwụsịtụrụ ya ọnwa abụọ mgbe ebubo nke idozi egwuregwu n'oge egwuregwu megide Lazio na 2024, nke a chọpụtara na ọ mebiri ụkpụrụ nke ikpe ziri ezi mana e wepụrụ ya ebumnuche idozi egwuregwu ahụ n'onwe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Udinese keeper Okoye banned for two months after match-fixing probe|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250723-udinese-keeper-okoye-banned-for-two-months-after-match-fixing-probe|accessdate=23 July 2025|work=France 24|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2017, onye nkuzi nke [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu Mba Naịjirịa]], Gernot Rohr kwuru maka atụmatụ ya ịkpọ Maduka ka ọ bịa na ndị otu mba naịjirịa tupu asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke afọ 2018, mana atụmatụ ahụ enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brila.net/russia-2018-rohr-invite-german-born-goalkeeper-maduka-okoye|title=Super Eagles boss Rohr to invite German-born goalkeeper Maduka Okoye|date=30 November 2017|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=Brila FM News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 20 February 2019, n'oge mkparịta ụka ya na onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu Naijiria, Oma Akatugba, Maduka kwuru na ọ na-emeghe ka ndị otu mba Naijiria na-akpọ ya ma dị njikere iyi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ọcha.

N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2019, Imama Amapakabo, onye nkuzi nke otu egwuregwu Nigeria U23, kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù egwuregwu nke U23 nke Naijiria maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke 2019 megide Libya U-23, mana o nweghị ike ịme nke mbụ, n'ihi njikọ aka na klọb.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/02/nigeria-u-23-amapakabo-opens-contact-with-fortuna-dusseldorf-goalkeeper|title=Nigeria U-23: Amapakabo opens contact with Fortuna Dusseldorf goalkeeper|date=22 February 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ Maduka ọzọ ka ọ bịa n'òtù U23 nke Naijiria maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka U-23 nke 2019 megide Sudan U-23. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://aoifootball.com/2019/05/09/afcon-u-23-finally-maduka-okoye-gets-dream-team-call-up|title=AFCON U-23: Finally, Maduka Okoye gets Dream Team call-up|date=9 May 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=AOI Football News|archivedate=26 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826051401/https://aoifootball.com/2019/05/09/afcon-u-23-finally-maduka-okoye-gets-dream-team-call-up/}}&lt;/ref&gt; E bu ụzọ hazie egwuregwu bọọlụ ahụ ka ọ mee n'etiti 3 na 11 June 2019, mana [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] kwagara ya na Septemba 2-10 2019, a kpaliri oge ahụ site na ịdị nso nke egwuregwu ruru eru na 2019 Africa Cup of Nations nke e mere site na 21 June ruo 19 July 2019, na Egypt. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/caf-shifts-sudan-nigeria-u23-fixtures|title=CAF shifts Sudan-Nigeria U23 fixtures|date=15 May 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2019, onye nkuzi nke [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu Mba Naịjirịa]], Gernot Rohr, kwuru na ọ na-elekwasị anya na Maduka ka ọ na-achọ idozi nsogbu ndị na-edebe goolu nke kpaliri ndị otu ya kemgbe [[Carl Ikeme]] hapụrụ n'ihi ọrịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/rohr-banks-on-okoye-to-solve-eagles-keeper-crisis|title=Rohr banks on Okoye to solve Eagles' keeper crisis|date=26 July 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 14 Ọgọst 2019, Rohr kpọrọ Maduka maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Ukraine, nke a ga-egwu na 10 June 2019 na Dnipro-Arena..

N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2019, o mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa dị ka onye nnọchi anya n'egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Brazil nke gwụchara 1-1 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/uzoho-stretchered-off-in-agony-after-suffering-injury/bhpnzlpvm3591cc4vahfs8w06|title=Uzoho stretchered off in agony after suffering injury against Brazil|date=13 October 2019|accessdate=13 October 2019|work=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2021, onye na-azụ ndị uwe ojii Eguavoen depụtara ya na [[Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2021|2021 AFCON Nations Cup]] dị ka akụkụ nke ndị otu Nigeria dị iri abụọ na asatọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Eguavoen announces Nigeria final TotalEnergies AFCON squad|url=https://www.cafonline.com/total-africa-cup-of-nations/news/eguavoen-announces-nigeria-final-totalenergies-afcon-squad|accessdate=2022-01-11|work=CAF|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{{updated|match played 23 February 2026}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|453514|Maduka Okoye|access-date=12 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Fortuna Düsseldorf nke Abụọ
|2017–18
|Ndị nọ n'okpuru afọ 19 Bundesliga
|13
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|0
|-
|2017–18
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Regionalliga West
|5
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|5
|0
|-
|2018–19
|15
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|0
|-
|2019–20
|14
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!34
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!34
!0
|-
|Jong Sparta
|2020–21
|Tweede nkewa
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sparta Rotterdam
|2020–21
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Eredivisie
|28
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1
|0
|30
|0
|-
|2021–22
|30
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!58
!0
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!1
!0
!61
!0
|-
|Watford
|2022–23
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Udinese
|2023–24
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Usoro A
|21
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|0
|-
|2024–25
|25
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|26
|0
|-
|[[2025–26 Udinese Calcio season|2025–26]]
|18
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!64
!0
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!66
!0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!171
!0
!5
!0
!1
!0
!1
!0
!178
!0
|}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|23 January 2022]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|-
|2019
|1
|0
|-
|2020
|4
|0
|-
|2021
|8
|0
|-
|2022
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!16
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* Eredivisie Team of the Month: Machị 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://eredivisie.eu/news/fc-twente-is-the-main-provider-for-the-eredivisie-team-of-the-month/|title=FC Twente is the main provider for the Eredivisie team of the month|date=April 1, 2022|work=eredivisie.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Maduka Okoyena WorldFootball.net
* Maduka Okoyen'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
{{Udinese Calcio squad}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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A mụrụ Okoye na Düsseldorf, nna [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]] Naijiria na nne German-French. Okoye nwere ụmụ amaala Naijiria, France na Germany site n'aka nne na nna ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sport Science Helping Okyoe Cope|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/sports-science-helping-okyoe-cope/|work=herald.co.zw|publisher=The Herald|accessdate=15 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2017, ọ hapụrụ otu ndị ntorobịa nke Bayer Leverkusen, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ kemgbe afọ 2009 iji sonye na otu ndị ntụrụndụ nke Fortuna Düsseldorf.

Na 14 October 2017, o mere mpụta mbụ ọkachamara ya na Regionalliga West maka Fortuna Düsseldorf II na egwuregwu megide Wuppertaler SV, dochie Max Schijns merụrụ ahụ na nkeji 43rd nke egwuregwu ahụ.  Ọ kwụsịrị oge 2017 / 2018 na ngosi 5, na-enye nanị ihe mgbaru ọsọ 1 ma na-edebe 4 dị ọcha, ebe ụlọ ọrụ ya kwụsịrị oge na ọnọdụ 15th na 36 isi mgbe egwuregwu 34 gasịrị, na-agbanarị mgbapụ na Oberliga.

N'afọ 2018/2019, ọ ghọrọ onye na-edebe goolu na klọb ahụ. N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ọ gbara bọọlụ ikpeazụ ya n'oge ahụ, megide SV Rödinghausen, mgbe onye na-edebe bọọlụ Jannick Theissen nọchiri ya n'ọkwa maka egwuregwu ndị ọzọ. Ọ gwụchara oge ahụ na 15 appearances, na-enyefe 25 goals na-edebe 3 clean sheets. N'oge a, klọb ya mere nke ọma karịa oge gara aga, na-emecha oge ahụ na ọnọdụ nke iri na abụọ na akara 42 mgbe egwuregwu 34 gasịrị.

N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2019, ọ gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya n'afọ 2019/2020 na mmeri 2-1 n'ụlọ megide Schalke 04 II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/match-report/ma8946464/lineup/|title=Fortuna Düsseldorf II - FC Schalke 04 II 2:1 (Regionalliga West 2019/2020, 5. Round)|date=24 August 2019|accessdate=25 August 2019|work=World Football}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sparta Rotterdam ===
N'ọnwa Julaị 2020, Okoye bịanyere aka na Sparta Rotterdam nke Eredivise n'efu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sparta-rotterdam.nl/sparta-contracteert-doelman-okoye/|title=SPARTA SIGNS GOALKEEPER OKOYE|date=13 July 2020|accessdate=10 November 2021|work=sparta-rotterdam.nl/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ ya Sparta's Player of the Season, na-edebe 10 clean sheets na 28 league egwuregwu n'oge 2020/21 oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sparta-rotterdam.nl/maduka-okoye-verkozen-tot-speler-seizoen-20-21/|title=MADUKA OKOYE NAMED PLAYER OF THE SEASON 20/21|date=30 June 2021|accessdate=10 November 2021|work=sparta-rotterdam.nl/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, Okoye bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta ruo 2025.

=== Watford ===
Na 8 Nọvemba 2021, a mara ọkwa na Okoye ekwerela isonyere ndị otu Premier League Watford na nkwekọrịta afọ ise na ọkara maka ego a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.watfordfc.com/news/official-watford-reach-okoye-agreement|title=Official: Watford Reach Okoye Agreement|date=8 November 2021|accessdate=10 November 2021|work=watfordfc.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okoye sonyeere Watford na 1 Jenụwarị 2022. Nkwekọrịta ahụ hụrụ Okoye gbazinyere Sparta Rotterdam ruo na njedebe nke mkpọsa 2021-22. Okoye mere nke mbụ ya na Watford na 23 Ọgọstụ 2022 na mmeri 2-0 n'ụlọ na MK Dons na agba nke abụọ nke EFL Cup.

=== Udinese ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2023, Okoye bịanyere aka na klọb Serie A Udinese maka ego a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Official: Okoye Departs|url=https://www.watfordfc.com/news/official-okoye-departs|accessdate=2023-08-24|work=Watford FC|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2025, ndị Italian Football Federation kwụsịtụrụ ya ọnwa abụọ mgbe ebubo nke idozi egwuregwu n'oge egwuregwu megide Lazio na 2024, nke a chọpụtara na ọ mebiri ụkpụrụ nke ikpe ziri ezi mana e wepụrụ ya ebumnuche idozi egwuregwu ahụ n'onwe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Udinese keeper Okoye banned for two months after match-fixing probe|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250723-udinese-keeper-okoye-banned-for-two-months-after-match-fixing-probe|accessdate=23 July 2025|work=France 24|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2017, onye nkuzi nke [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu Mba Naịjirịa]], Gernot Rohr kwuru maka atụmatụ ya ịkpọ Maduka ka ọ bịa na ndị otu mba naịjirịa tupu asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke afọ 2018, mana atụmatụ ahụ enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brila.net/russia-2018-rohr-invite-german-born-goalkeeper-maduka-okoye|title=Super Eagles boss Rohr to invite German-born goalkeeper Maduka Okoye|date=30 November 2017|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=Brila FM News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 20 February 2019, n'oge mkparịta ụka ya na onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu Naijiria, Oma Akatugba, Maduka kwuru na ọ na-emeghe ka ndị otu mba Naijiria na-akpọ ya ma dị njikere iyi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ọcha.

N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2019, Imama Amapakabo, onye nkuzi nke otu egwuregwu Nigeria U23, kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù egwuregwu nke U23 nke Naijiria maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke 2019 megide Libya U-23, mana o nweghị ike ịme nke mbụ, n'ihi njikọ aka na klọb.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/02/nigeria-u-23-amapakabo-opens-contact-with-fortuna-dusseldorf-goalkeeper|title=Nigeria U-23: Amapakabo opens contact with Fortuna Dusseldorf goalkeeper|date=22 February 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ Maduka ọzọ ka ọ bịa n'òtù U23 nke Naijiria maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka U-23 nke 2019 megide Sudan U-23. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://aoifootball.com/2019/05/09/afcon-u-23-finally-maduka-okoye-gets-dream-team-call-up|title=AFCON U-23: Finally, Maduka Okoye gets Dream Team call-up|date=9 May 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=AOI Football News|archivedate=26 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826051401/https://aoifootball.com/2019/05/09/afcon-u-23-finally-maduka-okoye-gets-dream-team-call-up/}}&lt;/ref&gt; E bu ụzọ hazie egwuregwu bọọlụ ahụ ka ọ mee n'etiti 3 na 11 June 2019, mana [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] kwagara ya na Septemba 2-10 2019, a kpaliri oge ahụ site na ịdị nso nke egwuregwu ruru eru na 2019 Africa Cup of Nations nke e mere site na 21 June ruo 19 July 2019, na Egypt. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/caf-shifts-sudan-nigeria-u23-fixtures|title=CAF shifts Sudan-Nigeria U23 fixtures|date=15 May 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2019, onye nkuzi nke [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu Mba Naịjirịa]], Gernot Rohr, kwuru na ọ na-elekwasị anya na Maduka ka ọ na-achọ idozi nsogbu ndị na-edebe goolu nke kpaliri ndị otu ya kemgbe [[Carl Ikeme]] hapụrụ n'ihi ọrịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/rohr-banks-on-okoye-to-solve-eagles-keeper-crisis|title=Rohr banks on Okoye to solve Eagles' keeper crisis|date=26 July 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 14 Ọgọst 2019, Rohr kpọrọ Maduka maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Ukraine, nke a ga-egwu na 10 June 2019 na Dnipro-Arena..

N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2019, o mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa dị ka onye nnọchi anya n'egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Brazil nke gwụchara 1-1 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/uzoho-stretchered-off-in-agony-after-suffering-injury/bhpnzlpvm3591cc4vahfs8w06|title=Uzoho stretchered off in agony after suffering injury against Brazil|date=13 October 2019|accessdate=13 October 2019|work=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2021, onye na-azụ ndị uwe ojii Eguavoen depụtara ya na [[Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2021|2021 AFCON Nations Cup]] dị ka akụkụ nke ndị otu Nigeria dị iri abụọ na asatọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Eguavoen announces Nigeria final TotalEnergies AFCON squad|url=https://www.cafonline.com/total-africa-cup-of-nations/news/eguavoen-announces-nigeria-final-totalenergies-afcon-squad|accessdate=2022-01-11|work=CAF|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 23 February 2026]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|453514|Maduka Okoye|access-date=12 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Fortuna Düsseldorf nke Abụọ
|2017–18
|Ndị nọ n'okpuru afọ 19 Bundesliga
|13
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|0
|-
|2017–18
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Regionalliga West
|5
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|5
|0
|-
|2018–19
|15
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|0
|-
|2019–20
|14
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!34
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!34
!0
|-
|Jong Sparta
|2020–21
|Tweede nkewa
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sparta Rotterdam
|2020–21
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Eredivisie
|28
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1
|0
|30
|0
|-
|2021–22
|30
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!58
!0
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!1
!0
!61
!0
|-
|Watford
|2022–23
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Udinese
|2023–24
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Usoro A
|21
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|0
|-
|2024–25
|25
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|26
|0
|-
|[[2025–26 Udinese Calcio season|2025–26]]
|18
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!64
!0
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!66
!0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!171
!0
!5
!0
!1
!0
!1
!0
!178
!0
|}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|23 January 2022]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|-
|2019
|1
|0
|-
|2020
|4
|0
|-
|2021
|8
|0
|-
|2022
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!16
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* Eredivisie Team of the Month: Machị 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://eredivisie.eu/news/fc-twente-is-the-main-provider-for-the-eredivisie-team-of-the-month/|title=FC Twente is the main provider for the Eredivisie team of the month|date=April 1, 2022|work=eredivisie.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Maduka Okoyena WorldFootball.net
* Maduka Okoyen'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
{{Udinese Calcio squad}}
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A mụrụ Okoye na Düsseldorf, nna [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]] Naijiria na nne German-French. Okoye nwere ụmụ amaala Naijiria, France na Germany site n'aka nne na nna ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sport Science Helping Okyoe Cope|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/sports-science-helping-okyoe-cope/|work=herald.co.zw|publisher=The Herald|accessdate=15 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2017, ọ hapụrụ otu ndị ntorobịa nke Bayer Leverkusen, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ kemgbe afọ 2009 iji sonye na otu ndị ntụrụndụ nke Fortuna Düsseldorf.

Na 14 October 2017, o mere mpụta mbụ ọkachamara ya na Regionalliga West maka Fortuna Düsseldorf II na egwuregwu megide Wuppertaler SV, dochie Max Schijns merụrụ ahụ na nkeji 43rd nke egwuregwu ahụ.  Ọ kwụsịrị oge 2017 / 2018 na ngosi 5, na-enye nanị ihe mgbaru ọsọ 1 ma na-edebe 4 dị ọcha, ebe ụlọ ọrụ ya kwụsịrị oge na ọnọdụ 15th na 36 isi mgbe egwuregwu 34 gasịrị, na-agbanarị mgbapụ na Oberliga.

N'afọ 2018/2019, ọ ghọrọ onye na-edebe goolu na klọb ahụ. N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ọ gbara bọọlụ ikpeazụ ya n'oge ahụ, megide SV Rödinghausen, mgbe onye na-edebe bọọlụ Jannick Theissen nọchiri ya n'ọkwa maka egwuregwu ndị ọzọ. Ọ gwụchara oge ahụ na 15 appearances, na-enyefe 25 goals na-edebe 3 clean sheets. N'oge a, klọb ya mere nke ọma karịa oge gara aga, na-emecha oge ahụ na ọnọdụ nke iri na abụọ na akara 42 mgbe egwuregwu 34 gasịrị.

N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2019, ọ gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya n'afọ 2019/2020 na mmeri 2-1 n'ụlọ megide Schalke 04 II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/match-report/ma8946464/lineup/|title=Fortuna Düsseldorf II - FC Schalke 04 II 2:1 (Regionalliga West 2019/2020, 5. Round)|date=24 August 2019|accessdate=25 August 2019|work=World Football}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sparta Rotterdam ===
N'ọnwa Julaị 2020, Okoye bịanyere aka na Sparta Rotterdam nke Eredivise n'efu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sparta-rotterdam.nl/sparta-contracteert-doelman-okoye/|title=SPARTA SIGNS GOALKEEPER OKOYE|date=13 July 2020|accessdate=10 November 2021|work=sparta-rotterdam.nl/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ ya Sparta's Player of the Season, na-edebe 10 clean sheets na 28 league egwuregwu n'oge 2020/21 oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sparta-rotterdam.nl/maduka-okoye-verkozen-tot-speler-seizoen-20-21/|title=MADUKA OKOYE NAMED PLAYER OF THE SEASON 20/21|date=30 June 2021|accessdate=10 November 2021|work=sparta-rotterdam.nl/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, Okoye bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta ruo 2025.

=== Watford ===
Na 8 Nọvemba 2021, a mara ọkwa na Okoye ekwerela isonyere ndị otu Premier League Watford na nkwekọrịta afọ ise na ọkara maka ego a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.watfordfc.com/news/official-watford-reach-okoye-agreement|title=Official: Watford Reach Okoye Agreement|date=8 November 2021|accessdate=10 November 2021|work=watfordfc.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okoye sonyeere Watford na 1 Jenụwarị 2022. Nkwekọrịta ahụ hụrụ Okoye gbazinyere Sparta Rotterdam ruo na njedebe nke mkpọsa 2021-22. Okoye mere nke mbụ ya na Watford na 23 Ọgọstụ 2022 na mmeri 2-0 n'ụlọ na MK Dons na agba nke abụọ nke EFL Cup.

=== Udinese ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2023, Okoye bịanyere aka na klọb Serie A Udinese maka ego a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Official: Okoye Departs|url=https://www.watfordfc.com/news/official-okoye-departs|accessdate=2023-08-24|work=Watford FC|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2025, ndị Italian Football Federation kwụsịtụrụ ya ọnwa abụọ mgbe ebubo nke idozi egwuregwu n'oge egwuregwu megide Lazio na 2024, nke a chọpụtara na ọ mebiri ụkpụrụ nke ikpe ziri ezi mana e wepụrụ ya ebumnuche idozi egwuregwu ahụ n'onwe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Udinese keeper Okoye banned for two months after match-fixing probe|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250723-udinese-keeper-okoye-banned-for-two-months-after-match-fixing-probe|accessdate=23 July 2025|work=France 24|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2017, onye nkuzi nke [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu Mba Naịjirịa]], Gernot Rohr kwuru maka atụmatụ ya ịkpọ Maduka ka ọ bịa na ndị otu mba naịjirịa tupu asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke afọ 2018, mana atụmatụ ahụ enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brila.net/russia-2018-rohr-invite-german-born-goalkeeper-maduka-okoye|title=Super Eagles boss Rohr to invite German-born goalkeeper Maduka Okoye|date=30 November 2017|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=Brila FM News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 20 February 2019, n'oge mkparịta ụka ya na onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu Naijiria, Oma Akatugba, Maduka kwuru na ọ na-emeghe ka ndị otu mba Naijiria na-akpọ ya ma dị njikere iyi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ọcha.

N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2019, Imama Amapakabo, onye nkuzi nke otu egwuregwu Nigeria U23, kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù egwuregwu nke U23 nke Naijiria maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke 2019 megide Libya U-23, mana o nweghị ike ịme nke mbụ, n'ihi njikọ aka na klọb.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/02/nigeria-u-23-amapakabo-opens-contact-with-fortuna-dusseldorf-goalkeeper|title=Nigeria U-23: Amapakabo opens contact with Fortuna Dusseldorf goalkeeper|date=22 February 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ Maduka ọzọ ka ọ bịa n'òtù U23 nke Naijiria maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka U-23 nke 2019 megide Sudan U-23. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://aoifootball.com/2019/05/09/afcon-u-23-finally-maduka-okoye-gets-dream-team-call-up|title=AFCON U-23: Finally, Maduka Okoye gets Dream Team call-up|date=9 May 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=AOI Football News|archivedate=26 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826051401/https://aoifootball.com/2019/05/09/afcon-u-23-finally-maduka-okoye-gets-dream-team-call-up/}}&lt;/ref&gt; E bu ụzọ hazie egwuregwu bọọlụ ahụ ka ọ mee n'etiti 3 na 11 June 2019, mana [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] kwagara ya na Septemba 2-10 2019, a kpaliri oge ahụ site na ịdị nso nke egwuregwu ruru eru na 2019 Africa Cup of Nations nke e mere site na 21 June ruo 19 July 2019, na Egypt. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/caf-shifts-sudan-nigeria-u23-fixtures|title=CAF shifts Sudan-Nigeria U23 fixtures|date=15 May 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2019, onye nkuzi nke [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu Mba Naịjirịa]], Gernot Rohr, kwuru na ọ na-elekwasị anya na Maduka ka ọ na-achọ idozi nsogbu ndị na-edebe goolu nke kpaliri ndị otu ya kemgbe [[Carl Ikeme]] hapụrụ n'ihi ọrịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/rohr-banks-on-okoye-to-solve-eagles-keeper-crisis|title=Rohr banks on Okoye to solve Eagles' keeper crisis|date=26 July 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 14 Ọgọst 2019, Rohr kpọrọ Maduka maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Ukraine, nke a ga-egwu na 10 June 2019 na Dnipro-Arena..

N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2019, o mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa dị ka onye nnọchi anya n'egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Brazil nke gwụchara 1-1 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/uzoho-stretchered-off-in-agony-after-suffering-injury/bhpnzlpvm3591cc4vahfs8w06|title=Uzoho stretchered off in agony after suffering injury against Brazil|date=13 October 2019|accessdate=13 October 2019|work=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2021, onye na-azụ ndị uwe ojii Eguavoen depụtara ya na [[Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2021|2021 AFCON Nations Cup]] dị ka akụkụ nke ndị otu Nigeria dị iri abụọ na asatọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Eguavoen announces Nigeria final TotalEnergies AFCON squad|url=https://www.cafonline.com/total-africa-cup-of-nations/news/eguavoen-announces-nigeria-final-totalenergies-afcon-squad|accessdate=2022-01-11|work=CAF|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 23 February 2026]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|453514|Maduka Okoye|access-date=12 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Fortuna Düsseldorf nke Abụọ
|2017–18
|Ndị nọ n'okpuru afọ 19 Bundesliga
|13
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|0
|-
|2017–18
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Regionalliga West
|5
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|5
|0
|-
|2018–19
|15
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|0
|-
|2019–20
|14
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!34
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!34
!0
|-
|Jong Sparta
|2020–21
|Tweede nkewa
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sparta Rotterdam
|2020–21
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Eredivisie
|28
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1
|0
|30
|0
|-
|2021–22
|30
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!58
!0
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!1
!0
!61
!0
|-
|Watford
|2022–23
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Udinese
|2023–24
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Usoro A
|21
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|0
|-
|2024–25
|25
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|26
|0
|-
|[[2025–26 Udinese Calcio season|2025–26]]
|18
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!64
!0
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!66
!0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!171
!0
!5
!0
!1
!0
!1
!0
!178
!0
|}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|23 January 2022]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|-
|2019
|1
|0
|-
|2020
|4
|0
|-
|2021
|8
|0
|-
|2022
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!16
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* Eredivisie Team of the Month: Machị 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://eredivisie.eu/news/fc-twente-is-the-main-provider-for-the-eredivisie-team-of-the-month/|title=FC Twente is the main provider for the Eredivisie team of the month|date=April 1, 2022|work=eredivisie.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Maduka Okoyena WorldFootball.net
* Maduka Okoyen'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
[[w:|Udinese Calcio squad]]
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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A mụrụ Okoye na Düsseldorf, nna [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]] Naijiria na nne German-French. Okoye nwere ụmụ amaala Naijiria, France na Germany site n'aka nne na nna ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sport Science Helping Okyoe Cope|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/sports-science-helping-okyoe-cope/|work=herald.co.zw|publisher=The Herald|accessdate=15 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2017, ọ hapụrụ otu ndị ntorobịa nke Bayer Leverkusen, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ kemgbe afọ 2009 iji sonye na otu ndị ntụrụndụ nke Fortuna Düsseldorf.

Na 14 October 2017, o mere mpụta mbụ ọkachamara ya na Regionalliga West maka Fortuna Düsseldorf II na egwuregwu megide Wuppertaler SV, dochie Max Schijns merụrụ ahụ na nkeji 43rd nke egwuregwu ahụ.  Ọ kwụsịrị oge 2017 / 2018 na ngosi 5, na-enye nanị ihe mgbaru ọsọ 1 ma na-edebe 4 dị ọcha, ebe ụlọ ọrụ ya kwụsịrị oge na ọnọdụ 15th na 36 isi mgbe egwuregwu 34 gasịrị, na-agbanarị mgbapụ na Oberliga.

N'afọ 2018/2019, ọ ghọrọ onye na-edebe goolu na klọb ahụ. N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ọ gbara bọọlụ ikpeazụ ya n'oge ahụ, megide SV Rödinghausen, mgbe onye na-edebe bọọlụ Jannick Theissen nọchiri ya n'ọkwa maka egwuregwu ndị ọzọ. Ọ gwụchara oge ahụ na 15 appearances, na-enyefe 25 goals na-edebe 3 clean sheets. N'oge a, klọb ya mere nke ọma karịa oge gara aga, na-emecha oge ahụ na ọnọdụ nke iri na abụọ na akara 42 mgbe egwuregwu 34 gasịrị.

N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2019, ọ gbara bọọlụ mbụ ya n'afọ 2019/2020 na mmeri 2-1 n'ụlọ megide Schalke 04 II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/match-report/ma8946464/lineup/|title=Fortuna Düsseldorf II - FC Schalke 04 II 2:1 (Regionalliga West 2019/2020, 5. Round)|date=24 August 2019|accessdate=25 August 2019|work=World Football}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sparta Rotterdam ===
N'ọnwa Julaị 2020, Okoye bịanyere aka na Sparta Rotterdam nke Eredivise n'efu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sparta-rotterdam.nl/sparta-contracteert-doelman-okoye/|title=SPARTA SIGNS GOALKEEPER OKOYE|date=13 July 2020|accessdate=10 November 2021|work=sparta-rotterdam.nl/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ ya Sparta's Player of the Season, na-edebe 10 clean sheets na 28 league egwuregwu n'oge 2020/21 oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sparta-rotterdam.nl/maduka-okoye-verkozen-tot-speler-seizoen-20-21/|title=MADUKA OKOYE NAMED PLAYER OF THE SEASON 20/21|date=30 June 2021|accessdate=10 November 2021|work=sparta-rotterdam.nl/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2021, Okoye bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta ruo 2025.

=== Watford ===
Na 8 Nọvemba 2021, a mara ọkwa na Okoye ekwerela isonyere ndị otu Premier League Watford na nkwekọrịta afọ ise na ọkara maka ego a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.watfordfc.com/news/official-watford-reach-okoye-agreement|title=Official: Watford Reach Okoye Agreement|date=8 November 2021|accessdate=10 November 2021|work=watfordfc.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okoye sonyeere Watford na 1 Jenụwarị 2022. Nkwekọrịta ahụ hụrụ Okoye gbazinyere Sparta Rotterdam ruo na njedebe nke mkpọsa 2021-22. Okoye mere nke mbụ ya na Watford na 23 Ọgọstụ 2022 na mmeri 2-0 n'ụlọ na MK Dons na agba nke abụọ nke EFL Cup.

=== Udinese ===
N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2023, Okoye bịanyere aka na klọb Serie A Udinese maka ego a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Official: Okoye Departs|url=https://www.watfordfc.com/news/official-okoye-departs|accessdate=2023-08-24|work=Watford FC|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2025, ndị Italian Football Federation kwụsịtụrụ ya ọnwa abụọ mgbe ebubo nke idozi egwuregwu n'oge egwuregwu megide Lazio na 2024, nke a chọpụtara na ọ mebiri ụkpụrụ nke ikpe ziri ezi mana e wepụrụ ya ebumnuche idozi egwuregwu ahụ n'onwe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Udinese keeper Okoye banned for two months after match-fixing probe|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250723-udinese-keeper-okoye-banned-for-two-months-after-match-fixing-probe|accessdate=23 July 2025|work=France 24|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2017, onye nkuzi nke [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu Mba Naịjirịa]], Gernot Rohr kwuru maka atụmatụ ya ịkpọ Maduka ka ọ bịa na ndị otu mba naịjirịa tupu asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke afọ 2018, mana atụmatụ ahụ enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brila.net/russia-2018-rohr-invite-german-born-goalkeeper-maduka-okoye|title=Super Eagles boss Rohr to invite German-born goalkeeper Maduka Okoye|date=30 November 2017|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=Brila FM News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 20 February 2019, n'oge mkparịta ụka ya na onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu Naijiria, Oma Akatugba, Maduka kwuru na ọ na-emeghe ka ndị otu mba Naijiria na-akpọ ya ma dị njikere iyi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ọcha.

N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2019, Imama Amapakabo, onye nkuzi nke otu egwuregwu Nigeria U23, kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa n'òtù egwuregwu nke U23 nke Naijiria maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke 2019 megide Libya U-23, mana o nweghị ike ịme nke mbụ, n'ihi njikọ aka na klọb.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/02/nigeria-u-23-amapakabo-opens-contact-with-fortuna-dusseldorf-goalkeeper|title=Nigeria U-23: Amapakabo opens contact with Fortuna Dusseldorf goalkeeper|date=22 February 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Mee n'afọ 2019, a kpọrọ Maduka ọzọ ka ọ bịa n'òtù U23 nke Naijiria maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka U-23 nke 2019 megide Sudan U-23. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://aoifootball.com/2019/05/09/afcon-u-23-finally-maduka-okoye-gets-dream-team-call-up|title=AFCON U-23: Finally, Maduka Okoye gets Dream Team call-up|date=9 May 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=AOI Football News|archivedate=26 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826051401/https://aoifootball.com/2019/05/09/afcon-u-23-finally-maduka-okoye-gets-dream-team-call-up/}}&lt;/ref&gt; E bu ụzọ hazie egwuregwu bọọlụ ahụ ka ọ mee n'etiti 3 na 11 June 2019, mana [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] kwagara ya na Septemba 2-10 2019, a kpaliri oge ahụ site na ịdị nso nke egwuregwu ruru eru na 2019 Africa Cup of Nations nke e mere site na 21 June ruo 19 July 2019, na Egypt. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/caf-shifts-sudan-nigeria-u23-fixtures|title=CAF shifts Sudan-Nigeria U23 fixtures|date=15 May 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2019, onye nkuzi nke [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu Mba Naịjirịa]], Gernot Rohr, kwuru na ọ na-elekwasị anya na Maduka ka ọ na-achọ idozi nsogbu ndị na-edebe goolu nke kpaliri ndị otu ya kemgbe [[Carl Ikeme]] hapụrụ n'ihi ọrịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/rohr-banks-on-okoye-to-solve-eagles-keeper-crisis|title=Rohr banks on Okoye to solve Eagles' keeper crisis|date=26 July 2019|accessdate=23 August 2019|work=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 14 Ọgọst 2019, Rohr kpọrọ Maduka maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Ukraine, nke a ga-egwu na 10 June 2019 na Dnipro-Arena..

N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2019, o mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa dị ka onye nnọchi anya n'egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Brazil nke gwụchara 1-1 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/uzoho-stretchered-off-in-agony-after-suffering-injury/bhpnzlpvm3591cc4vahfs8w06|title=Uzoho stretchered off in agony after suffering injury against Brazil|date=13 October 2019|accessdate=13 October 2019|work=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2021, onye na-azụ ndị uwe ojii Eguavoen depụtara ya na [[Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2021|2021 AFCON Nations Cup]] dị ka akụkụ nke ndị otu Nigeria dị iri abụọ na asatọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Eguavoen announces Nigeria final TotalEnergies AFCON squad|url=https://www.cafonline.com/total-africa-cup-of-nations/news/eguavoen-announces-nigeria-final-totalenergies-afcon-squad|accessdate=2022-01-11|work=CAF|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 23 February 2026]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Soccerway|453514|Maduka Okoye|access-date=12 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Fortuna Düsseldorf nke Abụọ
|2017–18
|Ndị nọ n'okpuru afọ 19 Bundesliga
|13
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|0
|-
|2017–18
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Regionalliga West
|5
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|5
|0
|-
|2018–19
|15
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|0
|-
|2019–20
|14
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!34
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!34
!0
|-
|Jong Sparta
|2020–21
|Tweede nkewa
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Sparta Rotterdam
|2020–21
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Eredivisie
|28
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1
|0
|30
|0
|-
|2021–22
|30
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!58
!0
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!1
!0
!61
!0
|-
|Watford
|2022–23
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Udinese
|2023–24
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Usoro A
|21
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|0
|-
|2024–25
|25
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|26
|0
|-
|[[2025–26 Udinese Calcio season|2025–26]]
|18
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!64
!0
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!66
!0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!171
!0
!5
!0
!1
!0
!1
!0
!178
!0
|}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|23 January 2022]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|-
|2019
|1
|0
|-
|2020
|4
|0
|-
|2021
|8
|0
|-
|2022
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!16
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==

* Eredivisie Team of the Month: Machị 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://eredivisie.eu/news/fc-twente-is-the-main-provider-for-the-eredivisie-team-of-the-month/|title=FC Twente is the main provider for the Eredivisie team of the month|date=April 1, 2022|work=eredivisie.eu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Maduka Okoyena WorldFootball.net
* Maduka Okoyen'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
[[w:|Udinese Calcio squad]]
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Emmanuel Fernandez (onye na-agba bọọlụ)</title>
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'''Emmanuel Oluwasegun Opeyemi Fernandez''' (amụrụ na 17 Julaị 2001) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agbachitere Rangers. A mụrụ ya n'England, ọ na-egwuri egwu maka otu mba Naijiria na ọkwa mba ụwa.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mmalite ===
Fernandez malitere ọrụ ya na Brentford na Gillingham, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/sport/football/peterborough-united/new-peterborough-united-signings-contract-is-a-reward-for-persistence-over-heartbreak-3305107|title=New Peterborough United signing's contract is a reward for persistence over heartbreak|work=www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk|date=12 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma mgbe ọ nọ na Gillinghan nọrọ oge na Sheppey United na Margate. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gillinghamfootballclub.com/news/2019/february/scholars-loan-deals/|date=4 February 2019|title=Scholars agree work experience deals|publisher=Gillingham F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SUFC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fulltime.thefa.com/statsForPlayer.html?selectedOrgStatRecordingTypeID_ForSort=&amp;teamID=&amp;selectedStatisticDisplayMode=3&amp;personID=383483807&amp;selectedSeasonID=32285694|title=Emmanuel Oluwasegun Opeyemi Fernandez player stats &amp;#124; Southern Counties East Football League|work=fulltime.thefa.com|accessdate=2026-05-09|archivedate=2025-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119091225/https://fulltime.thefa.com/statsForPlayer.html?selectedOrgStatRecordingTypeID_ForSort=&amp;teamID=&amp;selectedStatisticDisplayMode=3&amp;personID=383483807&amp;selectedSeasonID=32285694}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.margate-fc.co.uk/news/19-sep-2019/Two-Additions-To-Margate-Squad|title=PLAYER NEWS &amp;#124; Two Additions To Margate Squad|publisher=Margate F.C.|accessdate=2026-05-09|archivedate=2025-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119091047/http://www.margate-fc.co.uk/news/19-sep-2019/Two-Additions-To-Margate-Squad}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe Gillingham tọhapụrụ ya, ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Ramsgate.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kentonline.co.uk/medway/sport/posh-swoop-for-former-gills-youngster-250449/|title=Posh swoop for former Gills youngster|date=10 July 2021|work=Kent Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Peterborough United ===
Fernandez bịanyere aka na Peterborough United nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na Julaị 2021.   O mere mpụta mbụ ya n'ụbọchị nke abụọ nke Eprel 2022 dị ka onye nnọchi &quot;ihe ịtụnanya&quot; na mmeri ụlọ 4-0 meriri Middlesbrough. Na Nọvemba 2021, Fernandez sonyeere Spalding United na mbinye ego, na-eme otu ngosi.  Na Machị 2023, o sonyeere Barnet na mbinye ego ruo na njedebe nke oge.

=== Ndị Ranger ===
N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2025, Fernandez sonyeere klọb Scottish Premiership Rangers maka ego a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c3enz4l8qepo|title=Rangers sign Bournemouth's Joe Rothwell and Peterborough United's Emmanuel Fernandez|date=2 July 2025|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, Fernandez gbara goolu mbụ ya na Rangers na mmeri 2-1 ha meriri Livingston na Scottish Premiership.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cy7erk3kl6vt|title=Ragged Rangers edge out Livingston for controversial win|date=22 November 2025|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2026, Fernandez nwetara mmetọ agbụrụ n'ịntanetị mgbe egwuregwu gasịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/ce823456kmmo|title=Rangers: Police Scotland investigates online abuse of Fernandez &amp; Gassama|date=23 February 2026|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2026, Fernandez natara oku mbụ ya na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/articles/c9v0wv7yywdo|title=Rangers defender Emmanuel Fernandez receives first Nigeria call-up|date=18 March 2026|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa na 27 Machị, na-apụta na bench na mmeri 2-1 megide Iran.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/articles/c5yw2ekznp0o|title=Rangers: Fernandez makes Nigeria debut in win over Iran|date=27 March 2026|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụbọchị anọ ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara goolu mba ụwa mbụ ya na 2-2 enyi na enyi na Jọdan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Meikle|first=Blair|url=https://www.thenational.scot/sport/25985882.rangers-star-scores-classy-goal-second-international-cap/|title=Rangers star scores classy goal on second international cap|publisher=The National Scot|date=31 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A mụrụ Fernandez na London, ọ dịkwa mma ịnọchite anya Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/sports/353292/rangers-sign-nigerian-eligible-defender-emmanuel-fernandez-o.html|title=Transfer: Rangers sign Nigerian eligible defender Fernandez|date=3 July 2025|work=The Nigerian Voice}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-eyi nọmba 37 iji sọpụrụ nwanne ya nwoke nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 37.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2_nbmByfv4|title='To honour my brother I wear the number 37 on my back' Getting To Know Emmanuel Fernandez|date=4 July 2025|work=YouTube}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ asatọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/emmanuel-fernandez-rangers-ready-thanks-35551450|title=Emmanuel Fernandez is Rangers ready thanks to relentless family|first=Andrew|author=Newport|date=14 July 2025|work=Daily Record}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 4 May 2026]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Gillingham
|2018–19
|Njikọ nke Abụọ
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|2019–20
|Njikọ nke Abụọ
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
|-
|Sheppey United (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2018–19&lt;ref name=&quot;SUFC&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aylesburyunitedarchive.com/player/emmanuel-fernandez/40619|title=Emmanuel Fernandez &amp;#124; Player Profile · Aylesbury United Archive|work=www.aylesburyunitedarchive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|SCEL Nkewa Mbụ
|10
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|12
|0
|-
|Margate (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2019–20&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/margate/appearances/2019-2020/emmanuel-fernandez/797939|title=Margate &amp;#124; Appearances &amp;#124; Emmanuel Fernandez &amp;#124; 2019–2020 &amp;#124; Football Web Pages|work=www.footballwebpages.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot; /&gt;
|Isthmian League Premier Division
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
|Ramsgate
|2020–21&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/ramsgate/appearances/2020-2021|title=Ramsgate &amp;#124; Appearances &amp;#124; 2020-2021 &amp;#124; Football Web Pages}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Njikọ Isthmian South East Division
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Peterborough United
|2021–22
|Mmeri
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|2022–23
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|2023–24
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|7
|0
|3
|1
|1
|0
|7[a]
|1
|18
|2
|-
|2024–25
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|30
|5
|3
|0
|1
|0
|8[b]
|0
|42
|5
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!38
!5
!6
!1
!2
!0
!15
!1
!61
!7
|-
|Spalding United (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2021–22&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/sport/football/peterborough-united/peterborough-united-teenagers-join-gaby-zakuanis-spalding-on-loan-3456782|title=Peterborough United teenagers join Gaby Zakuani's Spalding on loan|date=13 November 2021|work=Peterborough Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Northern Premier League Division One Midlands
|1
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|1
|0
|-
|Barnet (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2022–23&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://barnetfc.com/match-report-gateshead-3-3-4-1-barnet-fa-trophy-semi-final|title=Match Report &amp;#124; Gateshead 3–3 (4–1) Barnet (FA Trophy Semi-Final) – Barnet Football Club|work=Barnet Football Club|accessdate=2026-05-09|archivedate=2025-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121223804/https://barnetfc.com/match-report-gateshead-3-3-4-1-barnet-fa-trophy-semi-final}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Njikọ Mba
|8
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1[c]
|1
|9
|1
|-
|Ndị Ranger
|2025–26
|Onye isi ala Scotland
|24
|5
|1
|0
|1
|1
|4[d]
|0
|30
|6
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!82
!10
!8
!1
!3
!1
!23
!2
!116
!14
|}
 

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Peterborough United'''

* Ihe nrite EFL: 2024-25&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cnv55yzg039t#Line-ups|title=Birmingham City 0–2 Peterborough United: Line-ups|work=BBC Sport|date=13 April 2025|accessdate=12 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandez, Emmanuel}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Augustine Eguavoen</title>
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'''Augustine Owen Eguavoen''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1965) bụ onye njikwa [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] Naijiria na onye bụbu onye egwuregwu nke jere ozi dị ka onye njikwa otu mba Naijiria ugboro atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-13|title=Augustine Eguavoen named Nigeria coach again as Rohr departs very otu coach|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/59635973.amp|accessdate=2022-10-12|work=BBC|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ịgba egwu ==

=== Klọb ===
N'oge ọrụ ya dịgasị iche iche Eguavoen malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-agbachitere [[ACB Lagos F.C.|ACB Lagos]] na obodo ya [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], ụfọdụ arụmọrụ dị egwu mere ka ọ kwaga Gent na 1986. Ọ gara n'ihu na-egwuri egwu maka K.V. Kortrijk, CD Ourense, Sacramento Scorpions, Torpedo Moscow ma mechaa ọrụ ya na [[Malta]] na Sliema Wanderers.

=== Mba Nile ===
Eguavoen bụ onye otu egwuregwu mba Naijiria nke ruru eru maka iko mba ụwa mbụ na 1994, wee merie Iko Mba Afrịka n'otu afọ ahụ.

== Ọrụ nkuzi ==
Eguavoen malitere ọrụ nkuzi ya na [[Malta]] na Sliema Wanderers, e nyere ya ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi egwuregwu maka Oge 1999-2000, mana ọ nọrọ n'ọrụ ahụ naanị ọnwa ole na ole. Ọ nọgidere na-egwuri egwu maka Sliema na Oge 2000-01.

=== Naịjirịa ===
A họpụtara Eguavoen ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi nke [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na June 2005 ya na ndị nkuzi ya gụnyere Samson Siasia, [[Daniel Amokachi]] na Ike Shorunmu. Ọ chịkọtara [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na 2006 Africa Cup of Nations na Egypt, ebe ndị otu ahụ nwetara ọla nchara, na-emeri Senegal na nke atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/egypt/2006/nigeria-take-third_sto829887/story.shtml|title=Nigeria Take Third|publisher=Eurosport|date=9 February 2006|accessdate=13 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; A chụrụ ya n'ọrụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/egypt/2006/nigeria-sack-eguavoen_sto862228/story.shtml|title=Nigeria Sack Eguaveon|publisher=Eurosport|date=4 April 2006|accessdate=13 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Eguavoen wee kwaga South Africa iji weghara otu Black Leopards nke Premier Soccer League na Machị 2008.

=== Enyimba International ===
N'afọ 2008-09, Eguavoen bụ onye isi nchịkwa na [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba International]] na Aba, mana ọ hapụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya, na-eduga ha n'ọkwa nke atọ na league ma merie Federation Cup.

=== Ịlaghachi Naijiria ===
Na June 2010, Nigeria Football Federation jụrụ Eguavoen ka ọ dochie Swedish Lars Lagerbäck ruo mgbe o kpebiri atụmatụ ya n'ọdịnihu. Akpọbatara ya dị ka onye njikwa na-ahụ maka ọrụ mana o kwuru na ya enweghị ebumnuche inyefe akwụkwọ maka iwere ọrụ ahụ na-adịgide adịgide. A họpụtara Eguavoen ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke otu egwuregwu bọọlụ Naijiria na-erubeghị afọ 23 n'ọnwa Ọgọst 2010. Ọ tụrụ anya na ndị otu ya ga-eru eru maka asọmpi Olympic London nke afọ 2012, mana e meriri ha n'asọmpi otu. Na 5 Disemba 2011, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọrụ ya n'ihi ọdịda enwetaghị tiketi Olympic.

Na 27 Ọktoba 2012, akpọrọ ya onye njikwa Sharks FC ikwe ka John Obuh tinye uche na otu Nigeria Under-20. Otú ọ dị, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm mgbe egwuregwu asaa gasịrị mgbe otu ahụ malitere na ala nke tebụl. Ọ bịanyere aka na Eprel 2013 ka ọ bụrụ onye nchịkwa Nigeria National League akụkụ COD United.

N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2013, gọọmentị Edo Steeti were ya n'ọrụ iji zụọ Bendel Insurance na ebumnuche nke iweghachi ha na Premier League. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na Julaị 2014 iji weghara Gombe United F.C.

N'ọnwa Eprel 2017, ọ sonyeere Sunshine Stars . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://aoifootball.com/2017/04/25/eguavoen-promises-to-stick-with-sunshine-stars/|title=Ex-Super Eagles coaches, Unveiled at Sunshine Stars|author=Staff Reporter|work=aoifootball.com|language=en-US|accessdate=14 May 2018|archivedate=26 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426131010/http://aoifootball.com/2017/04/25/eguavoen-promises-to-stick-with-sunshine-stars/}}&lt;/ref&gt; mana a hapụrụ ya na June mgbe ndị isi league Plateau United meriri ya n'ụlọ.

N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2020, ndị Naịjirịa Football Federation, họpụtara Eguavoen dị ka onye nduzi teknụzụ nke Federation ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thecable.ng/nff-appoints-eguavoen-as-technical-director|title=NFF appoints Eguavoen as technical director|date=21 October 2020|accessdate=17 January 2022|work=[[TheCable]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na abụọ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2021, a họpụtara Eguavoen ka ọ bụrụ onye njikwa Naịjirịa n'oge na-adịghị anya maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2021, mgbe Gernot Rohr hapụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/africa/59635973|title=Augustine Eguavoen named Nigeria coach again as Rohr departs|publisher=BBC|date=13 December 2021|accessdate=13 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe Naịjirịa si na agba nke iri na isii pụta site na mmeri siri ike na Tunisia, ọ laghachiri n'ọkwa ya dị ka onye nduzi teknụzụ nke akụkụ ahụ.

== Nsọpụrụ ==

=== Dị ka Onye Egwuregwu ===

* Iko Mba Afrịka: 1994

=== Dị ka Onye Ọkwọ Ụgbọ Mmiri ===

* Ebe nke atọ nke Africa Cup of Nations: 2006 (Bronze) 

'''Enyimba International'''

* Iko Mba Naịjirịa: Oge 2008-09

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
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'''Raphael Onyedika Nwadike MON''' (// i; amụrụ n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2001) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agbachitere otu Belgian Klọb Brugge na otu mba Naijiria.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Onyedika na-agba bọọlụ n'okporo ámá tupu ọ banye na ụlọ akwụkwọ F.C. Ebedei nke Naijiria mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise. Mgbe afọ atọ gachara na Ebedei, Onyedika sonyeere ụlọ akwụkwọ nke FC Midtjylland na Denmark, otu klọb nke FC Ebedei na-arụkọ ọrụ, obere oge ka ọ gachara afọ iri na asatọ.

N'ime oge mbụ ya zuru oke na FC Midtjylland, ọ masịrị ya na U19 League na na UEFA Youth League na ahụ ya, ọsọ na ụdị egwu ya. Na 1 Julaị 2020, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọkachamara afọ ise mbụ ya na klọb ahụ ruo June 2025.  Iji nweta ahụmịhe karịa, enyere Onyedika aka na klọb mmekọ Midtjylland, Danish 1st Division-side FC Fredericia, na 19 Ọgọst 2020 maka oge 2020–21 dum.  Onyedika mere nke ọma na mbinye ego ya, na-egwu egwuregwu 28 ma nye goolu atọ. Oge a gara nke ọma ka onye Naijiria bụrụ aha ya na ndị otu egwuregwu TV3 nke afọ na ngalaba nke mbụ Danish.

Onyedika laghachiri na Midtjylland n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2021 wee bulite ya na otu egwuregwu mbụ. Ọ nwetara mpụta mbụ ya maka Midtjylland na 16 Julaị 2021 megide Odense Boldklub, egwuregwu mbụ nke 2021 – 22 Danish Superliga, ebe ọ nọ na mmalite ahịrị wee kpọọ egwuregwu ahụ dum.

=== Klọb Brugge ===
Na 28 August 2022, Onyedika bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ ise na Klọb Brugge na Belgium.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Club Brugge|url=https://www.clubbrugge.be/en/news/club-brugge-lands-raphael-onyedika|title=CLUB BRUGGE LANDS RAPHAEL ONYEDIKA|date=28 August 2022|accessdate=29 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 2022, onye nkuzi bụ José Peseiro kpọrọ Raphael Onyedika na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=18 September 2022|language=en|title=Club Brugge Celebrate Onyedika's First Call-up To Super Eagles|url=https://www.completesports.com/club-brugge-celebrate-onyedikas-first-call-up-to-super-eagles/|work=[[Complete Sports]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-asọpụrụ nhọrọ mbụ ya na nnọkọ a na 27 Septemba 2022 na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Algeria. Ọ batara n'egwuregwu n'ọnọdụ Frank Onyeka na egwuregwu a nke ndị Naijiria meriri (2-1 akara ikpeazụ).

Na 29 Disemba 2023, a họpụtara ya na ndepụta nke ndị egwuregwu Naijiria 25 nke José Peseiro họpụtara iji sọọ mpi na Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2023.

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Onyedika ka ọ bịa soro na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=11 December 2025|accessdate=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Raphael Onyedika bụ onye na-agbachitere etiti, nke a maara maka ike anụ ahụ ya, ikike mmeri bọọlụ, na ọzụzụ. Ọ na-eme nke ọma n'ịgbasa egwuregwu ndị mmegide site na mmegide na oge dị mma, ebe ọ na-enwekwa obi iru ala iji jide ihe n'okpuru nrụgide. Ịgba ọsọ ya na-enye ya ohere ikpuchi ala ngwa ngwa, ọ na-ejikarịkwa ozi dị ka ọta n'ihu ndị na-agbachitere ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2026-01-02|title=Osimhen: ‘Onyedika is Nigeria’s most underrated player in Morocco’|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/osimhen-onyedika-is-nigerias-most-underrated-player-in-morocco/|accessdate=2026-01-04|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Silas|first=Don|date=2026-01-02|title=AFCON: 'He's really talented' - Osimhen on Nigeria’s most underrated player|url=https://dailypost.ng/2026/01/02/afcon-hes-really-talented-osimhen-on-nigerias-most-underrated-player/|accessdate=2026-01-04|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onyedika na-enyekwa aka n'ịmepụta egwuregwu na-aga n'ihu, na-egosipụta ezigbo ohere na ikike iburu bọọlụ gaa n'ihu. Ụdị ejiji ya emeela ka e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-ejide ndị na-agba ọsọ n'etiti, na-ejikọta ike nchebe na egwuregwu mgbanwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sports|first=Pulse|date=2026-01-02|title=AFCON 2025: Onyedika, Chukwueze star in Group Stage Round 3 Best XI|url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/afcon-2025/story/afcon-2025-onyedika-chukwueze-star-in-group-stage-round-3-best-xi-2026010209562760206|accessdate=2026-01-04|work=Pulse Sports Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mr|first=Score Nigeria|date=2026-01-01|title=Onyedika selected for AFCON Best XI|url=https://scorenigeria.com.ng/onyedika-selected-for-afcon-best-xi/|accessdate=2026-01-04|work=Score Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Klọb ===
{{updated|match played 3 May 2026}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Midtjylland
|2020–21
|Superliga Danish
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|2021–22
|Superliga Danish
|31
|2
|6
|1
|11[b]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|48
|4
|-
|2022–23
|Superliga Danish
|6
|0
|0
|0
|3[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!37
!2
!6
!1
!14
!1
!0
!0
!57
!4
|-
|Fredericia (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2020–21
|Ngalaba nke 1 nke Denmark
|28
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|3
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Klọb Brugge
|2022–23
|Belgian Pro League
|31
|0
|2
|0
|7[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|40
|0
|-
|2023–24
|Belgian Pro League
|30
|3
|2
|0
|17[d]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|49
|4
|-
|2024–25
|Belgian Pro League
|34
|1
|6
|0
|10[c]
|1
|1[e]
|0
|52
|2
|-
|2025–26
|Belgian Pro League
|28
|1
|1
|0
|10[c]
|2
|1[e]
|0
|40
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!123
!5
!11
!0
!45
!4
!2
!0
!181
!9
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!188
!10
!17
!1
!59
!5
!2
!0
!266
!16
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 31 March 2026]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2022
|1
|0
|-
|2023
|2
|0
|-
|2024
|11
|1
|-
|2025
|5
|2
|-
|2026
|5
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!24
!3
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Onyedika ọ bụla gasịrị.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Raphael Onyedika gbara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Isi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|10 June 2024
|Felix Houphouet Boigny Stadium, Abidjan, Nigeria
| align=&quot;center&quot; |9
| Benin
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |30 Disemba 2025
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Fez Stadium, Fez, Morocco
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |19
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Uganda
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |3–1
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2025
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|}
'''Klọb Brugge'''

* Belgian Pro League: 2023-242023–24

* Iko Belgium: 2024-252024–25

* Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2023; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe nke atọ: 2025 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* EaglesTracker Midfielder nke Oge: 2023-24

'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2024-02-13|title=Afcon: Ivory Coast and Nigeria players get cash, villas and honours|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68286543|accessdate=2024-02-24|work=[[BBC News]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

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'''Raphael Onyedika Nwadike MON''' (// i; amụrụ n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2001) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agbachitere otu Belgian Klọb Brugge na otu mba Naijiria.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Onyedika na-agba bọọlụ n'okporo ámá tupu ọ banye na ụlọ akwụkwọ F.C. Ebedei nke Naijiria mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise. Mgbe afọ atọ gachara na Ebedei, Onyedika sonyeere ụlọ akwụkwọ nke FC Midtjylland na Denmark, otu klọb nke FC Ebedei na-arụkọ ọrụ, obere oge ka ọ gachara afọ iri na asatọ.

N'ime oge mbụ ya zuru oke na FC Midtjylland, ọ masịrị ya na U19 League na na UEFA Youth League na ahụ ya, ọsọ na ụdị egwu ya. Na 1 Julaị 2020, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ọkachamara afọ ise mbụ ya na klọb ahụ ruo June 2025.  Iji nweta ahụmịhe karịa, enyere Onyedika aka na klọb mmekọ Midtjylland, Danish 1st Division-side FC Fredericia, na 19 Ọgọst 2020 maka oge 2020–21 dum.  Onyedika mere nke ọma na mbinye ego ya, na-egwu egwuregwu 28 ma nye goolu atọ. Oge a gara nke ọma ka onye Naijiria bụrụ aha ya na ndị otu egwuregwu TV3 nke afọ na ngalaba nke mbụ Danish.

Onyedika laghachiri na Midtjylland n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2021 wee bulite ya na otu egwuregwu mbụ. Ọ nwetara mpụta mbụ ya maka Midtjylland na 16 Julaị 2021 megide Odense Boldklub, egwuregwu mbụ nke 2021 – 22 Danish Superliga, ebe ọ nọ na mmalite ahịrị wee kpọọ egwuregwu ahụ dum.

=== Klọb Brugge ===
Na 28 August 2022, Onyedika bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ ise na Klọb Brugge na Belgium.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Club Brugge|url=https://www.clubbrugge.be/en/news/club-brugge-lands-raphael-onyedika|title=CLUB BRUGGE LANDS RAPHAEL ONYEDIKA|date=28 August 2022|accessdate=29 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 2022, onye nkuzi bụ José Peseiro kpọrọ Raphael Onyedika na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=18 September 2022|language=en|title=Club Brugge Celebrate Onyedika's First Call-up To Super Eagles|url=https://www.completesports.com/club-brugge-celebrate-onyedikas-first-call-up-to-super-eagles/|work=[[Complete Sports]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-asọpụrụ nhọrọ mbụ ya na nnọkọ a na 27 Septemba 2022 na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Algeria. Ọ batara n'egwuregwu n'ọnọdụ Frank Onyeka na egwuregwu a nke ndị Naijiria meriri (2-1 akara ikpeazụ).

Na 29 Disemba 2023, a họpụtara ya na ndepụta nke ndị egwuregwu Naijiria 25 nke José Peseiro họpụtara iji sọọ mpi na Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2023.

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Onyedika ka ọ bịa soro na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=11 December 2025|accessdate=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Raphael Onyedika bụ onye na-agbachitere etiti, nke a maara maka ike anụ ahụ ya, ikike mmeri bọọlụ, na ọzụzụ. Ọ na-eme nke ọma n'ịgbasa egwuregwu ndị mmegide site na mmegide na oge dị mma, ebe ọ na-enwekwa obi iru ala iji jide ihe n'okpuru nrụgide. Ịgba ọsọ ya na-enye ya ohere ikpuchi ala ngwa ngwa, ọ na-ejikarịkwa ozi dị ka ọta n'ihu ndị na-agbachitere ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2026-01-02|title=Osimhen: ‘Onyedika is Nigeria’s most underrated player in Morocco’|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/osimhen-onyedika-is-nigerias-most-underrated-player-in-morocco/|accessdate=2026-01-04|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Silas|first=Don|date=2026-01-02|title=AFCON: 'He's really talented' - Osimhen on Nigeria’s most underrated player|url=https://dailypost.ng/2026/01/02/afcon-hes-really-talented-osimhen-on-nigerias-most-underrated-player/|accessdate=2026-01-04|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onyedika na-enyekwa aka n'ịmepụta egwuregwu na-aga n'ihu, na-egosipụta ezigbo ohere na ikike iburu bọọlụ gaa n'ihu. Ụdị ejiji ya emeela ka e jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-ejide ndị na-agba ọsọ n'etiti, na-ejikọta ike nchebe na egwuregwu mgbanwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sports|first=Pulse|date=2026-01-02|title=AFCON 2025: Onyedika, Chukwueze star in Group Stage Round 3 Best XI|url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/afcon-2025/story/afcon-2025-onyedika-chukwueze-star-in-group-stage-round-3-best-xi-2026010209562760206|accessdate=2026-01-04|work=Pulse Sports Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mr|first=Score Nigeria|date=2026-01-01|title=Onyedika selected for AFCON Best XI|url=https://scorenigeria.com.ng/onyedika-selected-for-afcon-best-xi/|accessdate=2026-01-04|work=Score Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Klọb ===
[[w:updated|match played 3 May 2026]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Midtjylland
|2020–21
|Superliga Danish
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|2021–22
|Superliga Danish
|31
|2
|6
|1
|11[b]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|48
|4
|-
|2022–23
|Superliga Danish
|6
|0
|0
|0
|3[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!37
!2
!6
!1
!14
!1
!0
!0
!57
!4
|-
|Fredericia (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2020–21
|Ngalaba nke 1 nke Denmark
|28
|3
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|3
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Klọb Brugge
|2022–23
|Belgian Pro League
|31
|0
|2
|0
|7[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|40
|0
|-
|2023–24
|Belgian Pro League
|30
|3
|2
|0
|17[d]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|49
|4
|-
|2024–25
|Belgian Pro League
|34
|1
|6
|0
|10[c]
|1
|1[e]
|0
|52
|2
|-
|2025–26
|Belgian Pro League
|28
|1
|1
|0
|10[c]
|2
|1[e]
|0
|40
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!123
!5
!11
!0
!45
!4
!2
!0
!181
!9
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!188
!10
!17
!1
!59
!5
!2
!0
!266
!16
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 31 March 2026]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2022
|1
|0
|-
|2023
|2
|0
|-
|2024
|11
|1
|-
|2025
|5
|2
|-
|2026
|5
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!24
!3
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Onyedika ọ bụla gasịrị.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Raphael Onyedika gbara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Isi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|10 June 2024
|Felix Houphouet Boigny Stadium, Abidjan, Nigeria
| align=&quot;center&quot; |9
| Benin
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |30 Disemba 2025
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Fez Stadium, Fez, Morocco
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |19
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Uganda
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |3–1
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2025
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|}
'''Klọb Brugge'''

* Belgian Pro League: 2023-242023–24

* Iko Belgium: 2024-252024–25

* Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2023; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe nke atọ: 2025 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* EaglesTracker Midfielder nke Oge: 2023-24

'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2024-02-13|title=Afcon: Ivory Coast and Nigeria players get cash, villas and honours|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68286543|accessdate=2024-02-24|work=[[BBC News]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>n4037elmf8fjvluxyzcx848kskh0vj4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Frank Onyeka</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75350</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672729</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:02:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mba Nile */</comment>
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'''Ogochukwu Franklin Onyeka''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578_(ibo)-Goodymeraj-Ogochukwu_Franklin_Onyeka.wav|Listen}}&lt;sup class=&quot;ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable&quot;&gt;[[:File:LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Goodymeraj-Ogochukwu Franklin Onyeka.wav|ⓘ]]&lt;/sup&gt; MON (amụrụ n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 1998) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere ndị na-agba ọsọ n'etiti etiti maka otu egwuregwu EFL Championship Coventry City, na mgbazinye site na Brentford, na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/ogochukwu-onyeka-frank/434897/|title=O. Frank|work=Soccerway}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Onyeka na 1 Jenụwarị 1998 na Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, nke abụọ kasị okenye n'ime ụmụnne ise. O kwuru na nne ya anaghị akwado ya ka ọ na-egwu bọọlụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata: &quot;Ọ chọrọ ka anyị m mụọ, n'ihi na ohere nke ịghọ onye na-agba bọọlụ na oge ahụ dị obere. Ọ ga-ahọrọ ka m gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ karịa igwu bọọlụ. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;longroad&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, mgbe ọ na-egwuri egwu maka klọb Faith Motors Academy, Churchill Oliseh, onye nwe ya na onye njikwa Ebedei - klọb nwere njikọ na Midtjylland na Danish Superliga - na nwoke a na-eto maka ịchọpụta mba Naijiria [[Obafemi Martins]].&lt;ref name=&quot;longroad&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Frank Onyeka: I used to play barefoot on concrete; now I can put on any shoes I want|url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/en/news/article/the-long-read-frank-onyeka-brentford-nigeria-interview|work=Brentford F.C.|accessdate=13 April 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411064325/https://www.brentfordfc.com/en/news/article/the-long-read-frank-onyeka-brentford-nigeria-interview|archivedate=11 April 2024|date=8 February 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240411064325/https://www.brentfordfc.com/en/news/article/the-long-read-frank-onyeka-brentford-nigeria-interview &quot;Frank Onyeka: I used to play barefoot on concrete; now I can put on any shoes I want&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Tupu ọ banye Ebedei, Onyeka kwadoro ezinụlọ ya site n'ịrụ ọrụ n'elu ụlọ. Ọ kwagara Ebedei, nke dị na [[Sagamu]], Ogun State, ihe karịrị kilomita 250 site na Benin City, bụ oge mbụ ọ hapụrụ ụlọ, ma chọọ mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama. N'agbanyeghị ebe dị anya na ọrụ ya n'oge gara aga, Onyeka nọgidere na-etinye aka n'ịchụso nrọ ya, ihe o mechara ghọta dị ka ihe enyemaka n'ịzụlite echiche siri ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;longroad&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Midtjylland ===
Mgbe ọ si na Ebedei nke Naijiria kwaga na ụlọ ọrụ imekọ ihe ọnụ Midtjylland na Denmark na January 2016,  Onyeka guzobe onwe ya dị ka akụkụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, na 20 September 2017, o mere egwuregwu mbụ ya na Danish Cup na 7-0 meriri Greve, bụ ebe o meriri.  Onyeka gara n'ihu mee egwuregwu Danish Superliga nke mbụ maka ụlọ ọgbakọ ọnwa ole na ole ka e mesịrị na mgbasa ozi 2017-18 nke ụlọ ọgbakọ na egwuregwu megide Horsens na 9 February 2018. N'ebe ahụ, ọ gbakwara akara, ma bụrụ akụkụ dị mkpa na mmeri 2-0. Onyeka mere onwe ya ọzọ na egwuregwu na-esote, na 18 February, megide otu Superliga na-eduga na Copenhagen, bụ ebe o meriri goolu nke abụọ ya maka ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ n'ọnọdụ aka nri ka Midtjylland meriri isi obodo 3-Onye isi nchịkwa Jess Thorup toro ya maka ngbanwe ọnọdụ ya na ntozu oke ya.

Onyeka mere nke mbụ ya na UEFA Champions League n'oge na-esote, na Midtjylland's qualifier megide Astana na 24 July 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2018/07/24/europe/uefa-champions-league/fk-lokomotiv-astana/fc-midtjylland/2843858/|title=Astana vs. Midtjylland - 24 July 2018 - Soccerway|work=us.soccerway.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onyeka bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ maka Brentford Premier League ọhụrụ emelitere na 20 Julaị 2021 maka ego akọwapụtaghị. O mere asọmpi mpụta mbụ ya maka ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ na 13 Ọgọst, ụbọchị egwuregwu mbụ nke oge, malite na mmeri 2-0 megide Arsenal; mmeri Premier League mbụ nke Bees nwetara.

N'ime oge izizi ya na Brentford, ọ gbara mgba na ịchebe ebe ọ bụla n'otu egwuregwu mbụ, mmerụ ahụ na-anọkarị ya, na-egosipụtakwa dị ka onye nnọchi. Na 7 Ọgọst 2023, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ ọhụrụ, na-edebe ya na ọdịda anyanwụ London ruo 2027. Ọ gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 13 Eprel 2024, na-enyere Brentford aka ka ọ merie Sheffield United 2 – 0 iji nweta mmeri mbụ ha na egwuregwu Premier League iri na-esochi.

N'oge a na-akpọpụta vidio Premier League, ọ kpọrọ onwe ya &quot;Frank the Tank&quot;.

==== Ịgbazinye FC Augsburg ====

==== Ịgbazinye ego na Coventry City ====
Na 2 Febụwarị 2026, Onyeka bịanyere aka na EFL Championship club Coventry City na mgbazinye ruo na ngwụcha oge. Nkwekọrịta ahụ gụnyere ibu ọrụ ịzụta Onyeka ma ọ bụrụ na e buliri Coventry na Premier League.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Frank Onyeka: Brentford midfielder joins Coventry City on loan|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cy7mzzn3dg6o|accessdate=2 February 2026|work=BBC Sport|date=2 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onyeka mere nke mbụ ya, malite na esemokwu dị n'elu tebụl megide Middlesbrough, Coventry meriri 3-1 iji gaa n'elu nke Championship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Coventry City 3-1 Middlesbrough: Haji Wright hat-trick takes Sky Blues top|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cze03ypy54et|accessdate=2026-02-17|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Team News: Coventry City v Middlesbrough|url=https://www.ccfc.co.uk/news/2026/february/16/team-news--coventry-city-v-middlesbrough/|accessdate=2026-02-17|work=www.ccfc.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onyeka natara oku mbụ ya maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]] na 22 Septemba 2020 maka egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Algeria na Tunisia na [[Austria]] na 5 na 9 Ọktoba 2020, n'otu n'otu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/full-list-of-super-eagles-invitees-for-friendlies/|title=Full list of Super Eagles invitees for friendlies|date=21 September 2020|accessdate=21 September 2020|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dalgård|first=Jonas|title=Frank Onyeka kan få landsholdsdebut|url=https://www.bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/frank-onyeka-kan-faa-landsholdsdebut/|work=bold.dk|accessdate=24 September 2020|language=Danish|date=22 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya maka ndị otu mba ahụ na mmeri enyi na enyi 1-0 na Algeria na 9 Ọktoba 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/matches/2020/10/09/world/friendlies/nigeria/algeria/3365306/|title=Nigeria vs. Algeria – 9 October 2020 – Soccerway|work=uk.soccerway.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka mba ya na 16 Ọktoba 2023, na mmeri 3-2 na Mozambique.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/en/news/article/international-frank-onyeka-mozambique-2-nigeria-3-friendly|work=Brentfordfc|accessdate=19 October 2023|title=ONYEKA SCORES FIRST NIGERIA GOAL|date=18 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onyeka bụ otu n'ime ndị otu Naijiria nke pụtara na-esote na 2023 African Cup of Nations . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Nwachukwu|first=John Owen|date=29 December 2023|title=AFCON 2023: Jose Peseiro releases 25-man squad [FULL LIST]|url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/12/29/afcon-2023-jose-peseiro-releases-25-man-squad-full-list/|accessdate=17 February 2024|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge asọmpi ahụ, ọ malitere egwuregwu asaa niile nke Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Edward|first=Johnny|date=12 February 2024|title=Brentford hail Onyeka|url=https://punchng.com/brentford-hail-onyeka/|accessdate=17 February 2024|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Onyeka ka ọ bịa soro na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=11 December 2025|accessdate=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A mụrụ Onyeka ma zụlite ya na Benin City. A na-akpọ ya &quot;The Tank&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://soccernet.ng/2023/06/from-the-streets-of-benin-to-brentford-super-eagles-star-shares-his-emotional-story.html/amp|accessdate=29 June 2023|work=soccernet.ng|title=From the streets of Benin to Brentford: Super Eagles star shares his Emotional story|date=28 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ[b]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Midtjylland
|2017–18
|Superliga Danish
|15
|4
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|5
|-
|2018–19
|Superliga Danish
|21
|4
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|5[c]
|0
|29
|4
|-
|2019–20
|Superliga Danish
|32
|3
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[d]
|1
|35
|4
|-
|2020–21
|Superliga Danish
|27
|3
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|10[e]
|1
|41
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!95
!14
!11
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!17
!2
!123
!17
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |Brentford
|2021–22
|Njikọ Premier
|20
|0
|0
|0
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|24
|0
|-
|2022–23
|Njikọ Premier
|21
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|23
|0
|-
|2023–24
|Njikọ Premier
|26
|1
|0
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|1
|-
|2024–25&lt;ref name=&quot;sb2425&quot; /&gt;
|Njikọ Premier
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|0
|-
|2025–26&lt;ref name=sb2526&gt;{{soccerbase season|104025|2025|access-date=5 October 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Njikọ Premier
|6
|0
|0
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!75
!1
!0
!0
!12
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!87
!1
|-
|FC Augsburg (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2024–25&lt;ref name=&quot;sb2425&quot;&gt;{{soccerbase season|104025|2024|access-date=27 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Bundesliga
|31
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|34
|0
|-
|Obodo Coventry (nke a gbazitere) 
|2025–26&lt;ref name=&quot;sb2526&quot; /&gt;
|Mmeri
|14
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!215
!17
!14
!1
!12
!0
!17
!2
!258
!20
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 31 March 2026]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;7&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2020
|1
|0
|-
|2021
|3
|0
|-
|2022
|5
|0
|-
|2023
|7
|1
|-
|2024
|13
|0
|-
|2025
|9
|2
|-
|2026
|5
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!43
!3
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Onyeka ọ bụla gasịrị.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Frank Onyeka gbara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|16 Ọktoba 2023
|[[Portimão]]&quot; id=&quot;mwAkE&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Estádio Municipal de Portimão&quot;&gt;Estádio Municipal de Portimão, Portimão
| Mozambique
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–2
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|14 Ọktoba 2025
|Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, [[Uyo]], Nigeria
| Benin
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4–0
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
|16 Nọvemba 2025
|Moulay Hassan Stadium, Rabat, Morocco
| DR Congo
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1-1 (e.g.) 
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|}

* Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2023; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe nke atọ: 2025 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>a0z3h6xd5j4eg8zp2yfex8s8nysunwh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fisayo Dele-Bashiru</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75373</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672726</id>
      <parentid>671670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:00:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Klọb */</comment>
      <origin>672726</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9750" sha1="g5t86673hijqufric1if0scf96p4dw2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Oluwafisayo Faruq &quot;Fisayo&quot; Dele-Bashiru''' (amụrụ na 6 Febụwarị 2001) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agbachitere etiti etiti maka klọb Serie A Lazio na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Mgbe ọ gbasịrị bọọlụ maka otu ndị ntorobịa Manchester City, onye ọ sonyeere mgbe ọ dị afọ 8, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mancity.com/players/fisayo-dele-bashiru|title=Fisayo Dele-Bashiru|publisher=Manchester City|accessdate=5 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dele-Bashiru kwagara Sheffield Wednesday na July 2020, na-etinye aka maka ego a na-akọwaghị. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/53570429|title=Fisayo Dele-Bashiru: Manchester City midfielder joins Sheffield Wednesday for undisclosed fee|work=BBC Sport|date=28 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Fisayo Dele-Bashiru completes Wednesday switch|url=https://www.swfc.co.uk/news/2020/july/fisayo-dele-bashiru-completes-wednesday-switch/|accessdate=28 July 2020|publisher=[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.]]|date=28 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dele-Bashiru mere mpụta mbụ ya na 5 Septemba 2020, na EFL Cup, na-amalite egwuregwu megide Walsall[1] ma ga-eme mpụta mbụ ya na Bristol City na-apụta na bench. Na February 2021, ọ merụrụ ahụ n'ikiri ụkwụ mgbe ọ na-apụta na bench megide Brentford, ma a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-apụ n'ọrụ izu anọ ruo isii.

Dele-Bashiru banyere n'òtù mbụ ọzọ n'oge oge nke abụọ ya, na n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021 ọ meriri ihe nrite Player of the Month nke klọb ahụ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dele-Bashiru voted Owls Player of the Month|url=https://www.swfc.co.uk/news/2021/november/dele-bashiru-voted-owls-player-of-the-month/|publisher=Sheffield Wednesday FC|accessdate=4 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana ịgba goolu mbụ ya n'egwuregwu megide Cambridge United. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Keep building, keep working|url=https://www.swfc.co.uk/news/2021/october/keep-building-keep-working/|accessdate=19 October 2021|publisher=[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.]]|date=19 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 2022, a họpụtara Dele-Bashiru maka onye egwuregwu EFL Cup nke agba nke abụọ, na-esote goolu ma nyere aka megide Rochdale, nke o mechara merie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Carabao Cup Player of the Round|url=https://www.efl.com/news/2022/september/carabao-cup-player-of-the-round-vote-now/|publisher=EFL|accessdate=6 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fisayo Dele-Bashiru awarded Carabao Cup Player of the Round for Round Two|url=https://www.efl.com/news/2022/october/fisayo-dele-bashiru-awarded-carabao-cup-player-of-the-round-for-round-two/|publisher=EFL|accessdate=13 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe a kwalite ya na EFL Championship, e nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ ka ọ nọrọ na klọb ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Owls retained list confirmed|url=https://www.swfc.co.uk/news/2023/june/owls-retained-list-confirmed/|publisher=Sheffield Wednesday FC|accessdate=2 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 6 Julaị 2023, a mara ọkwa na Dele-Bashiru abanyela na ọgbakọ Hatayspor Turkey na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ. Ọ gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ asatọ na oge mbụ ya na Süper Lig, na-emecha dị ka onye na-emekọ ihe ọnụ na Carlos Strandberg, gụnyere ihe mgbaru ọsọ dị mkpa n'ụbọchị egwuregwu ikpeazụ na 2-0 meriri Rizespor, na-eme ka klọb ya dị ndụ n'elu.

Na 6 Julaị 2024, Dele-Bashiru sonyeere otu egwuregwu Ịtali bụ Lazio na mgbazinye ego na ibu ọrụ ịzụta.  Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na UEFA Europa League na 25 Septemba 2024 na mmeri 3-0 megide Dynamo Kyiv, wee gbaa goolu mbụ Serie A na 24 Nọvemba 2024 na mmeghachi omume 3-0 megide Bologna.  E gosipụtara na a ga-arụ ọrụ nkwekọrịta ahụ (maka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke € 5.4 nde) na akụkọ ọkara afọ nke klọb ahụ wepụtara na Machị 2025.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2023, a kpọrọ Dele-Bashiru ka ọ bịa n'òtù egwuregwu mba Naịjirịa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://owngoalnigeria.com/2023/10/02/turkish-based-fisayo-dele-bashiru-gets-first-super-eagles-call-up-makes-squad-for-saudi-arabia-game/|title=Turkish Based Fisayo Dele-Bashiru Gets First Super Eagles Call up|date=2 October 2023|publisher=owngoalnigeria|accessdate=2 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fisayo Dele-Bashiru: Meet Manchester City-trained star who is eligible for Germany and England but has chosen Nigeria|url=https://soccernet.ng/2023/10/fisayo-dele-bashiru-meet-manchester-city-trained-star-who-is-eligible-for-germany-and-england-but-chose-the-super-eagles.html/amp|accessdate=17 October 2023|work=soccernet.ng|date=14 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara bọọlụ nke abụọ ọ gbara na Naịjirịa n'oge ha gbara bọọkwa World Cup nke afọ 2026 megide South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=8 June 2024|title=Takeaways from Nigeria's draw against South Africa in World Cup qualifier|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/40303381/nigeria-south-africa-show-ambition-wc-qualifier-draw|accessdate=18 November 2024|work=ESPN.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria 1 – 1 South Africa|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/520/288282/288289/400018175|accessdate=18 November 2024|work=FIFA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria vs. South Africa 1 – 1|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2024/06/07/africa/wc-qualifying-africa/nigeria/south-africa/4236819/|accessdate=18 November 2024|work=soccerway.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Dele-Bashiru ka ọ bịa soro na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=11 December 2025|accessdate=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Nwanne ya nwoke Tom Dele-Bashiru bụkwa onye na-agba bọọlụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
[[w:updated|match played 27 April 2026]]&lt;ref&gt;{{soccerway|fisayo-faruq-dele-bashiru/453097|access-date=28 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |National cup[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |League cup[b]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
|Manchester City U21
|2019–20
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4[c]
|0
|4
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Sheffield Wednesday
|2020–21
|Championship
|8
|0
|2
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|13
|0
|-
|2021–22
|League One
|24
|1
|2
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|5[d]
|0
|32
|1
|-
|2022–23
|League One
|33
|4
|4
|0
|2
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2[e]
|0
|41
|5
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!65
!5
!8
!0
!6
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!7
!0
!86
!6
|-
|Hatayspor
|2023–24
|Süper Lig
|36
|8
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|39
|9
|-
|Lazio (loan)
|2024–25
|Serie A
|20
|3
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|8[f]
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|29
|5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lazio
|2025–26
|Serie A
|20
|0
|4
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|24
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lazio total
!40
!3
!5
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!8
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!53
!6
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!141
!16
!16
!2
!6
!1
!8
!2
!11
!0
!182
!21
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
{{updated|match played 27 March 2026}}&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player|92649|access-date=7 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2023
|1
|0
|-
|2024
|5
|2
|-
|2025
|6
|0
|-
|2026
|5
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!17
!2
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Dele-Bashiru ọ bụla gasịrị.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Fisayo Dele-Bashiru gbara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|7 June 2024
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, [[Uyo]], Nigeria
| South Africa
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|11 Ọktoba 2024
| Libya
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
|2025 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Sheffield Wednesday'''

* EFL League One play-offs: 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/barnsley-vs-sheffield-wednesday/teams/482307|title=Starting Lineups - Barnsley 0–1 Sheffield Wednesday 29.05.2023|work=Sky Sports|date=29 May 2023|accessdate=27 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ebe nke atọ nke Africa Cup of Nations: 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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        <id>24488</id>
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'''Oluwafisayo Faruq &quot;Fisayo&quot; Dele-Bashiru''' (amụrụ na 6 Febụwarị 2001) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agbachitere etiti etiti maka klọb Serie A Lazio na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Mgbe ọ gbasịrị bọọlụ maka otu ndị ntorobịa Manchester City, onye ọ sonyeere mgbe ọ dị afọ 8, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mancity.com/players/fisayo-dele-bashiru|title=Fisayo Dele-Bashiru|publisher=Manchester City|accessdate=5 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dele-Bashiru kwagara Sheffield Wednesday na July 2020, na-etinye aka maka ego a na-akọwaghị. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/53570429|title=Fisayo Dele-Bashiru: Manchester City midfielder joins Sheffield Wednesday for undisclosed fee|work=BBC Sport|date=28 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Fisayo Dele-Bashiru completes Wednesday switch|url=https://www.swfc.co.uk/news/2020/july/fisayo-dele-bashiru-completes-wednesday-switch/|accessdate=28 July 2020|publisher=[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.]]|date=28 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dele-Bashiru mere mpụta mbụ ya na 5 Septemba 2020, na EFL Cup, na-amalite egwuregwu megide Walsall[1] ma ga-eme mpụta mbụ ya na Bristol City na-apụta na bench. Na February 2021, ọ merụrụ ahụ n'ikiri ụkwụ mgbe ọ na-apụta na bench megide Brentford, ma a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-apụ n'ọrụ izu anọ ruo isii.

Dele-Bashiru banyere n'òtù mbụ ọzọ n'oge oge nke abụọ ya, na n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2021 ọ meriri ihe nrite Player of the Month nke klọb ahụ, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dele-Bashiru voted Owls Player of the Month|url=https://www.swfc.co.uk/news/2021/november/dele-bashiru-voted-owls-player-of-the-month/|publisher=Sheffield Wednesday FC|accessdate=4 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; yana ịgba goolu mbụ ya n'egwuregwu megide Cambridge United. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Keep building, keep working|url=https://www.swfc.co.uk/news/2021/october/keep-building-keep-working/|accessdate=19 October 2021|publisher=[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.]]|date=19 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 2022, a họpụtara Dele-Bashiru maka onye egwuregwu EFL Cup nke agba nke abụọ, na-esote goolu ma nyere aka megide Rochdale, nke o mechara merie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Carabao Cup Player of the Round|url=https://www.efl.com/news/2022/september/carabao-cup-player-of-the-round-vote-now/|publisher=EFL|accessdate=6 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fisayo Dele-Bashiru awarded Carabao Cup Player of the Round for Round Two|url=https://www.efl.com/news/2022/october/fisayo-dele-bashiru-awarded-carabao-cup-player-of-the-round-for-round-two/|publisher=EFL|accessdate=13 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe a kwalite ya na EFL Championship, e nyere ya nkwekọrịta ọhụrụ ka ọ nọrọ na klọb ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Owls retained list confirmed|url=https://www.swfc.co.uk/news/2023/june/owls-retained-list-confirmed/|publisher=Sheffield Wednesday FC|accessdate=2 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 6 Julaị 2023, a mara ọkwa na Dele-Bashiru abanyela na ọgbakọ Hatayspor Turkey na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ. Ọ gbara ihe mgbaru ọsọ asatọ na oge mbụ ya na Süper Lig, na-emecha dị ka onye na-emekọ ihe ọnụ na Carlos Strandberg, gụnyere ihe mgbaru ọsọ dị mkpa n'ụbọchị egwuregwu ikpeazụ na 2-0 meriri Rizespor, na-eme ka klọb ya dị ndụ n'elu.

Na 6 Julaị 2024, Dele-Bashiru sonyeere otu egwuregwu Ịtali bụ Lazio na mgbazinye ego na ibu ọrụ ịzụta.  Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na UEFA Europa League na 25 Septemba 2024 na mmeri 3-0 megide Dynamo Kyiv, wee gbaa goolu mbụ Serie A na 24 Nọvemba 2024 na mmeghachi omume 3-0 megide Bologna.  E gosipụtara na a ga-arụ ọrụ nkwekọrịta ahụ (maka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke € 5.4 nde) na akụkọ ọkara afọ nke klọb ahụ wepụtara na Machị 2025.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
N'ọnwa Ọktoba 2023, a kpọrọ Dele-Bashiru ka ọ bịa n'òtù egwuregwu mba Naịjirịa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://owngoalnigeria.com/2023/10/02/turkish-based-fisayo-dele-bashiru-gets-first-super-eagles-call-up-makes-squad-for-saudi-arabia-game/|title=Turkish Based Fisayo Dele-Bashiru Gets First Super Eagles Call up|date=2 October 2023|publisher=owngoalnigeria|accessdate=2 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fisayo Dele-Bashiru: Meet Manchester City-trained star who is eligible for Germany and England but has chosen Nigeria|url=https://soccernet.ng/2023/10/fisayo-dele-bashiru-meet-manchester-city-trained-star-who-is-eligible-for-germany-and-england-but-chose-the-super-eagles.html/amp|accessdate=17 October 2023|work=soccernet.ng|date=14 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara bọọlụ nke abụọ ọ gbara na Naịjirịa n'oge ha gbara bọọkwa World Cup nke afọ 2026 megide South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=8 June 2024|title=Takeaways from Nigeria's draw against South Africa in World Cup qualifier|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/40303381/nigeria-south-africa-show-ambition-wc-qualifier-draw|accessdate=18 November 2024|work=ESPN.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria 1 – 1 South Africa|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/match-centre/match/520/288282/288289/400018175|accessdate=18 November 2024|work=FIFA.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigeria vs. South Africa 1 – 1|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2024/06/07/africa/wc-qualifying-africa/nigeria/south-africa/4236819/|accessdate=18 November 2024|work=soccerway.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Dele-Bashiru ka ọ bịa soro na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=11 December 2025|accessdate=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Nwanne ya nwoke Tom Dele-Bashiru bụkwa onye na-agba bọọlụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
[[w:updated|match played 27 April 2026]]&lt;ref&gt;{{soccerway|fisayo-faruq-dele-bashiru/453097|access-date=28 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Club
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Season
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |League
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |National cup[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |League cup[b]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Europe
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Other
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
|-
!Division
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
!Apps
!Goals
|-
|Manchester City U21
|2019–20
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|4[c]
|0
|4
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Sheffield Wednesday
|2020–21
|Championship
|8
|0
|2
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|13
|0
|-
|2021–22
|League One
|24
|1
|2
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|5[d]
|0
|32
|1
|-
|2022–23
|League One
|33
|4
|4
|0
|2
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|2[e]
|0
|41
|5
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Total
!65
!5
!8
!0
!6
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!7
!0
!86
!6
|-
|Hatayspor
|2023–24
|Süper Lig
|36
|8
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|39
|9
|-
|Lazio (loan)
|2024–25
|Serie A
|20
|3
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|8[f]
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|29
|5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lazio
|2025–26
|Serie A
|20
|0
|4
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
|24
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Lazio total
!40
!3
!5
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!8
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |—
!53
!6
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Career total
!141
!16
!16
!2
!6
!1
!8
!2
!11
!0
!182
!21
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 27 March 2026]]
&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player|92649|access-date=7 June 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2023
|1
|0
|-
|2024
|5
|2
|-
|2025
|6
|0
|-
|2026
|5
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!17
!2
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Dele-Bashiru ọ bụla gasịrị.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Fisayo Dele-Bashiru gbara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|7 June 2024
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, [[Uyo]], Nigeria
| South Africa
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|11 Ọktoba 2024
| Libya
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
|2025 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Sheffield Wednesday'''

* EFL League One play-offs: 2023&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/barnsley-vs-sheffield-wednesday/teams/482307|title=Starting Lineups - Barnsley 0–1 Sheffield Wednesday 29.05.2023|work=Sky Sports|date=29 May 2023|accessdate=27 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ebe nke atọ nke Africa Cup of Nations: 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Paul Onuachu</title>
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 '''Ebere Paul Onuachu MON''' {{Audio|Ig-Ebere Paul Onuachu.ogg|listen}} (amụrụ na 28 Mee 1994) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere Süper Lig club Trabzonspor na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

Onuachu enwetala utu aha league na Denmark na Belgium, ma mgbe ọ nọ na mba nke ikpeazụ a họpụtara ya dị ka onye na-agba bọọlụ Belgian nke Afọ ma merie ihe nrite Golden Bull kachasị elu na mba ahụ.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Midtjylland ===
Onuachu kwagara na klọb Danish FC Midtjylland na 2012 na agụmakwụkwọ sitere na otu ha na Naịjirịa, Ebedei . &lt;ref name=&quot;FCM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fcm.dk/spillere/ebere-paul#tab3|title=Profile|accessdate=18 February 2016|language=da|publisher=FC Midtjylland|archivedate=9 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309131511/http://fcm.dk/spillere/ebere-paul#tab3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ nke ọma maka otu ndị ntorobịa ha, ma mee egwuregwu mbụ ya na iko ahụ n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ, tupu ya emee egwuregwu mbụ ya n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;FCM&quot; /&gt; Na June 2013 ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ ọhụrụ na klọb ahụ,  tupu ọ gbatịkwuo ya afọ atọ ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/FCM-forlaenger-med-unge-boblere/|title=FCM forlænger med unge boblere|date=6 June 2013|accessdate=18 February 2016|first=Mikael|author=Blond|language=da|publisher=Bold}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fcm.dk/nyheder/fc-midtjylland-forl%C3%A6nger-med-onuachu|title=FC Midtjylland forlænger med Onuachu|date=4 August 2015|accessdate=18 February 2016|first=Martin|author=Dons|language=da|publisher=FC Midtjylland|archivedate=13 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713112212/http://fcm.dk/nyheder/fc-midtjylland-forl%C3%A6nger-med-onuachu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mbido afọ 2015 ka a gbazinyere ya Vejle BK, tupu ọ laghachi na FC Midtjylland tupu oge 2015-16. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tipsbladet.dk/nyhed/superliga/fcm-traener-angriber-kan-blive-et-af-fcms-stoerste-salg-nogensinde|title=FCM-træner: Angriber kan blive et af FCM's største salg nogensinde|date=16 October 2015|accessdate=18 February 2016|first=Kenneth|author=Jensen|language=da|publisher=Tipsbladet}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onuachu nyeere Midtjylland aka na Danish Superliga ugboro abụọ, na 2015 na 2018, wee gbaa onye mmeri megide Manchester United na Midtjyilland n'ụlọ ikpeazụ-32 nke mbụ nke 2015-16 UEFA Europa League, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/feb/18/midtjylland-manchester-united-europa-league-match-report|title=Midtjylland strike back to humiliate Manchester United and Louis van Gaal|date=18 February 2016|accessdate=22 April 2023|first=Jamie|author=Jackson|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/645472/Manchester-United-Paul-Onuachu-Midtjylland-Louis-van-Gaal-Europa-League|title=Manchester United mocked by Midtjylland goalscorer|date=19 February 2016|accessdate=22 April 2023|first=James|author=Gray|work=[[Daily Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; mana goolu abụọ sitere n'aka onye mbido United Marcus Rashford na nke abụọ otu izu ka e mesịrị na Old Trafford hụrụ ndị England meriri 5-1 n'abalị na 6-3 na ngụkọta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/feb/25/manchester-united-midtjylland-europa-league-match-report|title=Manchester United see off Midtjylland with Marcus Rashford's debut double|date=25 February 2016|accessdate=22 April 2023|first=Paul|author=Wilson|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Paul_Onuachu_(cropped)_-_FC_Salzburg_vs_Genk,_17_September_2019.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọzụzụ Onuachu na Genk na 2019.]]
N'August 2019 ọ bịanyere aka na onye mmeri Belgian Pro League Genk, onye ka họpụtara Felice Mazzu ka ọ bụrụ onye nchịkwa. N'ịdị elu 2.01m, a hụrụ Onuachu ka ọ bụ mbufe &quot;na-enweghị atụ&quot;.  Onauchu mere mpụta mbụ ya na 1 Septemba 2019 dị ka onye nnọchi oge ngwụcha ngwụcha na eserese 1 – 1 megide Club Brugge, wee gbaa akara na egwuregwu bọọlụ abụọ ya na-esote, na-amalite na mmeri 2 – 1 megide Sporting Charleroi na 3 – 1 meriri Oostende.

Oge nke abụọ zuru ezu nke Onuachu na Genk hụrụ ka ọ gwụchara onye kacha gbaa goolu 33 (35 na asọmpi niile), merie ya Golden Bull maka onye na-eduga Belgian Pro League, ihe omume nke mere ka a kpọọ ya Pro League Player of the Year maka 2020-21, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Topschutter Paul Onuachu is verkozen tot Profvoetballer van het Jaar (Top scorer Paul Onuachu has been voted Professional Footballer of the Year)|url=https://sporza.be/nl/2021/05/24/profvoetballer-van-het-jaar-2021~1621881968996/|date=24 May 2021|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=Sporza|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 2021 Belgian Golden Shoe onye mmeri maka onye egwuregwu bọọlụ kachasị mma nke afọ kalenda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Onuachu: Genk forward wins Belgian Pro League Player of the Year and Golden Boot award|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/onuachu-genk-forward-wins-belgian-pro-league-player-of-the-year-and-golden-boot-award/1wlu3k6c00xg618y5if6blumah|date=25 May 2021|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=Goal (website)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Paul Onuachu verslaat Club-duo Lang en De Ketelaere voor Gouden Schoen (Paul Onuachu beats Club duo Lang and De Ketelaere for the Golden Shoe)|url=https://sporza.be/nl/matches/voetbal/2022-01/paul-onuachu-verslaat-club-duo-lang-en-de-ketelaere-voor-gouden-schoen~1641807966442|date=12 January 2022|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=Sporza|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onuachu merikwara Ebony Shoe maka onye ọkpụkpọ Afrịka kachasị mma na Belgium maka 2020-21.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Paul Onuachu doet er met de Ebbenhouten Schoen nog een trofee bij (Paul Onuachu adds another trophy with the Ebony Shoe)|url=https://sporza.be/nl/2021/06/07/ebbenhouten-schoen-2021~1623080105844/|date=7 June 2021|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=Sporza|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onuachu gbara bọọlụ megide ndị mmeri 17 niile, na-agba bọọlụ anọ n'ime egwuregwu isii nke Champions Play-off, na-enyere aka mee ka Genk bụrụ onye nke abụọ na 2020-21 Belgian First Division A, ma merie 2021 Belgian Cup Final 2-1 megide Standard Liege. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 33 ya bụ nke kachasị elu na ụgbọ elu Belgium kemgbe Erwin Vandenbergh meriri European Golden Boot 39-goal campaign maka Lierse na 1980, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Onuachu's 34th goal of the season salvages draw for Racing Genk against Anderlecht|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=39869|date=12 May 2021|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=All Nigeria Soccer}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma mebie ihe ndekọ ihe mgbaru ọsọ Genk nke otu oge nke Wesley Sonck nke 30, nke e debere na 2002-03. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=32 goals in 36 league matches: Onuachu continues to rewrite history in Belgium|url=https://www.brila.net/32-goals-in-36-league-matches-onuachu-continues-to-rewrite-history-in-belgium/|date=13 May 2021|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=brila.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Racing Genk goal machine Onuachu sets two new club records after 33rd goal of season|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=39822|date=7 May 2021|accessdate=28 April 2023|work=All Nigeria Soccer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ sochirinụ, ụdị egwuregwu Genk na-ata ahụhụ n'ihi adịghị ike nke ịgbachitere onwe ya n'oge mmalite dịka a chụpụrụ onye nchịkwa na-emeri iko John van den Brom n'etiti oge ma jiri Bernd Storck dochie ya. Genk ruru European play-offs, na-agwụ n'azụ Gent na tebụl, na-emecha nke isii n'ozuzu. Onuachu bụ onye nke atọ kachasị gbaa bọọlụ na league maka 2021-22 na goolu 21, n'azụ Deniz Undav nke Union Saint Gilloise na 26 na Michael Frey nke Royal Antwerp na 24.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Grading Moffi, Osimhen &amp; Nigeria's strikers this season|url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/grading-moffi-osimhen-and-nigeria-s-strikers-this-season/blte7398f562289c95c#cscee8bb314fe71304|date=25 May 2022|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=Goal (website)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site n'itinye ihe mgbaru ọsọ anọ megide Sporting Charleroi na 4 Nọvemba 2022, Onuachu ghọrọ onye ọkpụkpọ Genk mbụ nwetara ihe ngosi a kemgbe Sonck na 2003.  Onuachu agbagoro ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na isii maka Genk na njedebe nke Jenụwarị 2023, yana iri maka Racing Union Saint Gilloise na Belgian Pro League. N'ịbụ onye kwupụtaburu ndakpọ olileanya na enweghị ike ịkwaga n'otu n'ime asọmpi ise kachasị elu nke Europe, Onuachu kwuru na mbido Jenụwarị 2023 na ya kpebisiri ike inyere Genk aka ịnọ n'elu wee nweta aha. Onuachu gbara okpukpu abụọ n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ ya maka Genk, mmeri 4-0 meriri Seraing, iji mee ka ọ bụrụ onye kacha agba bọọlụ na tebụl Pro League, n'ihi na ọ bụ otu ọgbakọ nọ n'ọkwa kacha elu mere nnukwu mbọ maka onye ọkpọ Naịjirịa.
[[Faịlụ:Paul_Onuachu_22122024.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|308x308px|Onuachu na 2024]]
N'abalị mbụ n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2023, Onuachu gbanwere Genk na-achụso aha ya maka Southampton na-eyi egwu na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na ọkara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Saints seal Onuachu deal|url=https://www.southamptonfc.com/news/2023-02-01/announcement-paul-onuachu-southampton-krc-genk-transfer|accessdate=1 February 2023|work=Southampton FC|date=February 2023|language=en|archivedate=2023-05-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519162327/https://www.southamptonfc.com/news/2023-02-01/announcement-paul-onuachu-southampton-krc-genk-transfer}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kamaldeen Sulemana: Southampton pay club-record £22m for Rennes winger|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64469266|work=BBC Sport|date=31 January 2023|publisher=BBC|accessdate=1 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2023, Onuachu mere egwuregwu Premier League mbụ ya na Southampton na mmeri 3-0 megide Brentford, na-anọchi Mohamed Elyounoussi na ọkara oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rindl|first=Joe|date=4 February 2023|title=Brentford 3–0 Southampton|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64436130|accessdate=5 March 2023|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2023, Onuachu sonyeere Trabzonspor na mgbazinye oge. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2023|title=Onuachu joins Trabzonspor on loan|url=https://www.southamptonfc.com/en/news/article/onuachu-joins-trabzonspor-on-loan|accessdate=11 September 2023|work=Southampton FC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66776262|title=Southampton striker Onuachu joins Trabzonspor on loan|date=11 September 2023|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara bọọlụ na nke mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 17 Septemba 2023 na mmeri 3-0 megide Beşiktaş . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=House|first=Alfie|date=18 September 2023|title=Southampton's Onuachu takes just 30 minutes to score Trabzonspor goal|url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/sport/23795529.southamptons-onuachu-takes-just-30-minutes-score-trabzonspor-goal/|accessdate=20 September 2023|work=Southern Daily Echo}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2024, Onuachu gbara hat-trick na mmeri 4-2 megide Gazientep.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oyebola|first=Mike|date=28 April 2024|title=Turkey: Onuachu scores hat-trick in Trabzonspor's win|url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/04/28/turkey-onuachu-scores-hat-trick-in-trabzonspors-win/|accessdate=21 January 2025|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onuachu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Southampton na 19 Jenụwarị 2025 na mmeri 3-2 nke Premier League megide Nottingham Forest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rowe|first=Patrick|date=19 January 2025|title=Nottingham Forest 3–2 Southampton: Clinical home side move level on points with Arsenal in second after late scare vs Saints|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/nottingham-forest-vs-southampton/report/506025|accessdate=21 January 2025|work=Sky Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rees-Julian|first=George|date=21 January 2025|title=Paul Onuachu dedicates first Southampton goal to supporters|url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/sport/24870042.paul-onuachu-dedicates-first-southampton-goal-supporters/|accessdate=21 January 2025|work=Southern Daily Echo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 30 June 2025, e kwekọrịtara na Onuachu ga-agafe na klọb Turkey Trabzonspor . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://onefootball.com/de/news/official-paul-onuachu-makes-his-return-to-trabzonspor-41298520|title=Official: Paul Onuachu makes his return to Trabzonspor|date=1 July 2025|work=One Football}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A kpọrọ Onuachu ka ọ bịa n'òtù egwuregwu mba Naịjirịa n'okpuru afọ iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2015/02/17/9010942/siasia-picks-21-players-for-gabon-game|title=Siasia picks 21 players for Gabon game|date=17 February 2015|accessdate=18 February 2016|author=Kolade Oni|publisher=Tipsbladet}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2019 ọ natara oku mbụ ya na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu Naijiria]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47442643|title=John Mikel Obi: Nigeria captain left out of Super Eagles squad|date=4 March 2019|accessdate=5 March 2019|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2019, Onuachu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Naịjirịa n'egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Ijipt. E nyere goolu ahụ n'ime sekọnd iri mbụ nke egwuregwu ahụ, ọ bụkwa nke kachasị ọsọ e nyere Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47716327|title=Nigeria's fastest international goal helps them beat Egypt|date=27 March 2019|accessdate=27 March 2019|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ gbasịrị ihe mgbaru ọsọ ahụ, a mara Onuachu dị ka &quot;ihe a na-akpọ &quot;mkpu nke bọọlụ Naijiria&quot;, na &quot;onye nkuzi ya, ndị otu ya, ndị nta akụkọ na ndị na-akwado ya na-ekwu maka ya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47721703|title=The spotlight in Nigeria falls on Paul Onuachu after his 10 second goal|date=27 March 2019|accessdate=28 March 2019|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka 2019 Africa Cup of Nations . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/afcon-2019-onuachu-happy-to-make-super-eagles-squad/|title=AFCON 2019: Onuachu happy to make Super Eagles squad|date=16 May 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara na mmeri 1-0 nke Naijiria meriri Burundi,  ka Super Eagles ruru ọkara ikpeazụ, merie Algeria 2-1 na anọ ikpeazụ,  wee merie Tunisia 1-0 na egwuregwu ọla nchara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/06/23/nigeria-vs-burundi-didnt-start-ighalo-super-eagles-1-0-win-rohr/|title=Nigeria vs Burundi: Why I didn't start Ighalo in Super Eagles' 1–0 win – Rohr|author=Silas|first=Don|date=23 June 2019|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|accessdate=9 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/jul/14/algeria-nigeria-match-report|title=Riyad Mahrez strike sinks Nigeria and puts Algeria in Afcon final|date=14 July 2019|accessdate=22 April 2023|author=Jonathan Wilson|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 12 Jenụwarị 2024, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa soro ndị otu Naijiria maka Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2023 na Ivory Coast, na-anọchi [[Umar Sadiq]] merụrụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/afcon-2023-paul-onuachu-replaces-injured-umar-sadiq-in-nigerias-team/|title=AFCON 2023: Paul Onuachu replaces injured Umar Sadiq in Nigeria's team|date=12 January 2024|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Onuachu ka ọ bịa soro na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=11 December 2025|accessdate=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ[b]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |Midtjylland
|2012–13
|Superliga Danish
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
|2013–14
|Superliga Danish
|11
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
|2014–15
|Superliga Danish
|10
|1
|2
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|3
|-
|2015–16
|Superliga Danish
|25
|6
|2
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|10[d]
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|37
|9
|-
|2016–17
|Superliga Danish
|35
|17
|3
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6[c]
|2
|1[e]
|1
|45
|23
|-
|2017–18
|Superliga Danish
|22
|10
|3
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6[c]
|4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|17
|-
|2018–19
|Superliga Danish
|30
|17
|4
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6[f]
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|40
|22
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!134
!51
!16
!12
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!30
!10
!1
!1
!181
!74
|-
|Vejle (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2014–15
|Ngalaba nke 1 nke Denmark
|13
|5
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Genk
|2019–20
|Belgian Pro League
|22
|9
|1
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|5[g]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|10
|-
|2020–21
|Belgian Pro League
|38
|33
|3
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|41
|35
|-
|2021–22
|Belgian Pro League
|35
|21
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|7[h]
|2
|1[i]
|0
|43
|23
|-
|2022–23
|Belgian Pro League
|19
|16
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|17
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!114
!79
!7
!4
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!12
!2
!1
!0
!134
!85
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Southampton
|2022–23
|Njikọ Premier
|11
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|0
|-
|2023–24
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1
|0
|-
|2024–25
|Njikọ Premier
|25
|4
|1
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!36
!4
!1
!0
!3
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!40
!4
|-
|Trabzonspor (onye a gbazitere) 
|2023–24
|Süper Lig
|21
|15
|4
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|17
|-
|Ịgba chaa chaa
|2025–26&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|Süper Lig
|26
|22
|4
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|30
|24
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!344
!176
!32
!20
!3
!0
!42
!12
!2
!1
!419
!209
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
{{updated|match played 27 March 2026}}&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player|73929|access-date=1 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2019
|7
|1
|-
|2020
|2
|0
|-
|2021
|7
|2
|-
|2022
|1
|0
|-
|2023
|1
|0
|-
|2024
|6
|0
|-
|2025
|3
|1
|-
|2026
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!31
!4
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Onuachu ọ bụla gasịrị.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Paul Onuachu gbara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|26 Machị 2019
|Stephen Keshi Stadium, [[Asaba]], Nigeria
| Egypt
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|27 Machị 2021
|Stade Charles de Gaulle, Porto-Novo, Benin
| Benin
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
|2021 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
|30 Machị 2021
|Teslim Balogun Stadium, Lagos, Nigeria
| Lesotho
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|2021 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4
|30 Disemba 2025
|Fez Stadium, Fez, Morocco
| Uganda
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–1
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2025
|}
'''Midtjylland'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-denmark/soccer-dal-hende-fires-midtjylland-to-danish-title-idUKL5N1SS4LP|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730022250/https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-denmark/soccer-dal-hende-fires-midtjylland-to-danish-title-idUKL5N1SS4LP|archivedate=30 July 2018|title=Soccer-Dal Hende fires Midtjylland to Danish title|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=15 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Danish Superliga: 2014-15, 2017-182017–18
* Iko Danish: 2018-192018–19

* Iko Belgium: 2020-21&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/onuachu-with-an-assist-as-genk-clinch-belgian-cup-title/1jp81i8ofssju1k0yrdb9b6nu8|title=Onuachu with an assist as Genk clinch Belgian Cup title after Standard Liege win|work=Goal (website)|date=26 April 2021|accessdate=29 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2023; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke atọ: 2019, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 July 2019|title=Tunisia 0–1 Nigeria|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48932084|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227223831/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48932084|archivedate=27 February 2021|accessdate=18 July 2019|publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2025 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* Nkewa nke Mbụ nke Belgium Onye kacha gbaa goolu: 2020-21 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/57239441|title=Paul Onuachu: Nigeria striker scoops two awards in Belgium|publisher=BBC|date=25 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye na-agba bọọlụ nke afọ na Belgium: 2020-21 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sporza.be/nl/2021/05/24/topschutter-paul-onuachu-is-verkozen-tot-profvoetballer-van-het-jaar~1621881968996/|title=Topschutter Paul Onuachu is verkozen tot Profvoetballer van het Jaar|work=SPORZA|date=25 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Akpụkpọ ụkwụ ọla edo nke Belgium: 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sporza.be/nl/matches/voetbal/2022-01/paul-onuachu-verslaat-club-duo-lang-en-de-ketelaere-voor-gouden-schoen~1641807966442/|title=Paul Onuachu verslaat Club-duo Lang en De Ketelaere voor Gouden Schoen|work=SPORZA|date=12 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nkewa nke Mbụ nke Belgium Otu nke Afọ: 2020-21 
* Ebony Shoe: 2021&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=13 February 2024|title=Afcon: Ivory Coast and Nigeria players get cash, villas and honours|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68286543|accessdate=24 February 2024|work=[[BBC News]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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 '''Ebere Paul Onuachu MON''' {{Audio|Ig-Ebere Paul Onuachu.ogg|listen}} (amụrụ na 28 Mee 1994) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere Süper Lig club Trabzonspor na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

Onuachu enwetala utu aha league na Denmark na Belgium, ma mgbe ọ nọ na mba nke ikpeazụ a họpụtara ya dị ka onye na-agba bọọlụ Belgian nke Afọ ma merie ihe nrite Golden Bull kachasị elu na mba ahụ.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Midtjylland ===
Onuachu kwagara na klọb Danish FC Midtjylland na 2012 na agụmakwụkwọ sitere na otu ha na Naịjirịa, Ebedei . &lt;ref name=&quot;FCM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fcm.dk/spillere/ebere-paul#tab3|title=Profile|accessdate=18 February 2016|language=da|publisher=FC Midtjylland|archivedate=9 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309131511/http://fcm.dk/spillere/ebere-paul#tab3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ nke ọma maka otu ndị ntorobịa ha, ma mee egwuregwu mbụ ya na iko ahụ n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ, tupu ya emee egwuregwu mbụ ya n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;FCM&quot; /&gt; Na June 2013 ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ ọhụrụ na klọb ahụ,  tupu ọ gbatịkwuo ya afọ atọ ọzọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/FCM-forlaenger-med-unge-boblere/|title=FCM forlænger med unge boblere|date=6 June 2013|accessdate=18 February 2016|first=Mikael|author=Blond|language=da|publisher=Bold}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://fcm.dk/nyheder/fc-midtjylland-forl%C3%A6nger-med-onuachu|title=FC Midtjylland forlænger med Onuachu|date=4 August 2015|accessdate=18 February 2016|first=Martin|author=Dons|language=da|publisher=FC Midtjylland|archivedate=13 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713112212/http://fcm.dk/nyheder/fc-midtjylland-forl%C3%A6nger-med-onuachu}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mbido afọ 2015 ka a gbazinyere ya Vejle BK, tupu ọ laghachi na FC Midtjylland tupu oge 2015-16. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tipsbladet.dk/nyhed/superliga/fcm-traener-angriber-kan-blive-et-af-fcms-stoerste-salg-nogensinde|title=FCM-træner: Angriber kan blive et af FCM's største salg nogensinde|date=16 October 2015|accessdate=18 February 2016|first=Kenneth|author=Jensen|language=da|publisher=Tipsbladet}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onuachu nyeere Midtjylland aka na Danish Superliga ugboro abụọ, na 2015 na 2018, wee gbaa onye mmeri megide Manchester United na Midtjyilland n'ụlọ ikpeazụ-32 nke mbụ nke 2015-16 UEFA Europa League, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/feb/18/midtjylland-manchester-united-europa-league-match-report|title=Midtjylland strike back to humiliate Manchester United and Louis van Gaal|date=18 February 2016|accessdate=22 April 2023|first=Jamie|author=Jackson|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/645472/Manchester-United-Paul-Onuachu-Midtjylland-Louis-van-Gaal-Europa-League|title=Manchester United mocked by Midtjylland goalscorer|date=19 February 2016|accessdate=22 April 2023|first=James|author=Gray|work=[[Daily Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; mana goolu abụọ sitere n'aka onye mbido United Marcus Rashford na nke abụọ otu izu ka e mesịrị na Old Trafford hụrụ ndị England meriri 5-1 n'abalị na 6-3 na ngụkọta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/feb/25/manchester-united-midtjylland-europa-league-match-report|title=Manchester United see off Midtjylland with Marcus Rashford's debut double|date=25 February 2016|accessdate=22 April 2023|first=Paul|author=Wilson|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Paul_Onuachu_(cropped)_-_FC_Salzburg_vs_Genk,_17_September_2019.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọzụzụ Onuachu na Genk na 2019.]]
N'August 2019 ọ bịanyere aka na onye mmeri Belgian Pro League Genk, onye ka họpụtara Felice Mazzu ka ọ bụrụ onye nchịkwa. N'ịdị elu 2.01m, a hụrụ Onuachu ka ọ bụ mbufe &quot;na-enweghị atụ&quot;.  Onauchu mere mpụta mbụ ya na 1 Septemba 2019 dị ka onye nnọchi oge ngwụcha ngwụcha na eserese 1 – 1 megide Club Brugge, wee gbaa akara na egwuregwu bọọlụ abụọ ya na-esote, na-amalite na mmeri 2 – 1 megide Sporting Charleroi na 3 – 1 meriri Oostende.

Oge nke abụọ zuru ezu nke Onuachu na Genk hụrụ ka ọ gwụchara onye kacha gbaa goolu 33 (35 na asọmpi niile), merie ya Golden Bull maka onye na-eduga Belgian Pro League, ihe omume nke mere ka a kpọọ ya Pro League Player of the Year maka 2020-21, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Topschutter Paul Onuachu is verkozen tot Profvoetballer van het Jaar (Top scorer Paul Onuachu has been voted Professional Footballer of the Year)|url=https://sporza.be/nl/2021/05/24/profvoetballer-van-het-jaar-2021~1621881968996/|date=24 May 2021|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=Sporza|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 2021 Belgian Golden Shoe onye mmeri maka onye egwuregwu bọọlụ kachasị mma nke afọ kalenda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Onuachu: Genk forward wins Belgian Pro League Player of the Year and Golden Boot award|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/onuachu-genk-forward-wins-belgian-pro-league-player-of-the-year-and-golden-boot-award/1wlu3k6c00xg618y5if6blumah|date=25 May 2021|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=Goal (website)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Paul Onuachu verslaat Club-duo Lang en De Ketelaere voor Gouden Schoen (Paul Onuachu beats Club duo Lang and De Ketelaere for the Golden Shoe)|url=https://sporza.be/nl/matches/voetbal/2022-01/paul-onuachu-verslaat-club-duo-lang-en-de-ketelaere-voor-gouden-schoen~1641807966442|date=12 January 2022|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=Sporza|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onuachu merikwara Ebony Shoe maka onye ọkpụkpọ Afrịka kachasị mma na Belgium maka 2020-21.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Paul Onuachu doet er met de Ebbenhouten Schoen nog een trofee bij (Paul Onuachu adds another trophy with the Ebony Shoe)|url=https://sporza.be/nl/2021/06/07/ebbenhouten-schoen-2021~1623080105844/|date=7 June 2021|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=Sporza|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onuachu gbara bọọlụ megide ndị mmeri 17 niile, na-agba bọọlụ anọ n'ime egwuregwu isii nke Champions Play-off, na-enyere aka mee ka Genk bụrụ onye nke abụọ na 2020-21 Belgian First Division A, ma merie 2021 Belgian Cup Final 2-1 megide Standard Liege. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 33 ya bụ nke kachasị elu na ụgbọ elu Belgium kemgbe Erwin Vandenbergh meriri European Golden Boot 39-goal campaign maka Lierse na 1980, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Onuachu's 34th goal of the season salvages draw for Racing Genk against Anderlecht|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=39869|date=12 May 2021|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=All Nigeria Soccer}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma mebie ihe ndekọ ihe mgbaru ọsọ Genk nke otu oge nke Wesley Sonck nke 30, nke e debere na 2002-03. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=32 goals in 36 league matches: Onuachu continues to rewrite history in Belgium|url=https://www.brila.net/32-goals-in-36-league-matches-onuachu-continues-to-rewrite-history-in-belgium/|date=13 May 2021|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=brila.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Racing Genk goal machine Onuachu sets two new club records after 33rd goal of season|url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=39822|date=7 May 2021|accessdate=28 April 2023|work=All Nigeria Soccer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ sochirinụ, ụdị egwuregwu Genk na-ata ahụhụ n'ihi adịghị ike nke ịgbachitere onwe ya n'oge mmalite dịka a chụpụrụ onye nchịkwa na-emeri iko John van den Brom n'etiti oge ma jiri Bernd Storck dochie ya. Genk ruru European play-offs, na-agwụ n'azụ Gent na tebụl, na-emecha nke isii n'ozuzu. Onuachu bụ onye nke atọ kachasị gbaa bọọlụ na league maka 2021-22 na goolu 21, n'azụ Deniz Undav nke Union Saint Gilloise na 26 na Michael Frey nke Royal Antwerp na 24.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Grading Moffi, Osimhen &amp; Nigeria's strikers this season|url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/grading-moffi-osimhen-and-nigeria-s-strikers-this-season/blte7398f562289c95c#cscee8bb314fe71304|date=25 May 2022|accessdate=23 April 2023|work=Goal (website)}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site n'itinye ihe mgbaru ọsọ anọ megide Sporting Charleroi na 4 Nọvemba 2022, Onuachu ghọrọ onye ọkpụkpọ Genk mbụ nwetara ihe ngosi a kemgbe Sonck na 2003.  Onuachu agbagoro ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na isii maka Genk na njedebe nke Jenụwarị 2023, yana iri maka Racing Union Saint Gilloise na Belgian Pro League. N'ịbụ onye kwupụtaburu ndakpọ olileanya na enweghị ike ịkwaga n'otu n'ime asọmpi ise kachasị elu nke Europe, Onuachu kwuru na mbido Jenụwarị 2023 na ya kpebisiri ike inyere Genk aka ịnọ n'elu wee nweta aha. Onuachu gbara okpukpu abụọ n'egwuregwu ikpeazụ ya maka Genk, mmeri 4-0 meriri Seraing, iji mee ka ọ bụrụ onye kacha agba bọọlụ na tebụl Pro League, n'ihi na ọ bụ otu ọgbakọ nọ n'ọkwa kacha elu mere nnukwu mbọ maka onye ọkpọ Naịjirịa.
[[Faịlụ:Paul_Onuachu_22122024.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|308x308px|Onuachu na 2024]]
N'abalị mbụ n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2023, Onuachu gbanwere Genk na-achụso aha ya maka Southampton na-eyi egwu na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ na ọkara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Saints seal Onuachu deal|url=https://www.southamptonfc.com/news/2023-02-01/announcement-paul-onuachu-southampton-krc-genk-transfer|accessdate=1 February 2023|work=Southampton FC|date=February 2023|language=en|archivedate=2023-05-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519162327/https://www.southamptonfc.com/news/2023-02-01/announcement-paul-onuachu-southampton-krc-genk-transfer}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kamaldeen Sulemana: Southampton pay club-record £22m for Rennes winger|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64469266|work=BBC Sport|date=31 January 2023|publisher=BBC|accessdate=1 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2023, Onuachu mere egwuregwu Premier League mbụ ya na Southampton na mmeri 3-0 megide Brentford, na-anọchi Mohamed Elyounoussi na ọkara oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rindl|first=Joe|date=4 February 2023|title=Brentford 3–0 Southampton|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/64436130|accessdate=5 March 2023|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2023, Onuachu sonyeere Trabzonspor na mgbazinye oge. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 September 2023|title=Onuachu joins Trabzonspor on loan|url=https://www.southamptonfc.com/en/news/article/onuachu-joins-trabzonspor-on-loan|accessdate=11 September 2023|work=Southampton FC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66776262|title=Southampton striker Onuachu joins Trabzonspor on loan|date=11 September 2023|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara bọọlụ na nke mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na 17 Septemba 2023 na mmeri 3-0 megide Beşiktaş . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=House|first=Alfie|date=18 September 2023|title=Southampton's Onuachu takes just 30 minutes to score Trabzonspor goal|url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/sport/23795529.southamptons-onuachu-takes-just-30-minutes-score-trabzonspor-goal/|accessdate=20 September 2023|work=Southern Daily Echo}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2024, Onuachu gbara hat-trick na mmeri 4-2 megide Gazientep.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oyebola|first=Mike|date=28 April 2024|title=Turkey: Onuachu scores hat-trick in Trabzonspor's win|url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/04/28/turkey-onuachu-scores-hat-trick-in-trabzonspors-win/|accessdate=21 January 2025|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onuachu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Southampton na 19 Jenụwarị 2025 na mmeri 3-2 nke Premier League megide Nottingham Forest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rowe|first=Patrick|date=19 January 2025|title=Nottingham Forest 3–2 Southampton: Clinical home side move level on points with Arsenal in second after late scare vs Saints|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/nottingham-forest-vs-southampton/report/506025|accessdate=21 January 2025|work=Sky Sports}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rees-Julian|first=George|date=21 January 2025|title=Paul Onuachu dedicates first Southampton goal to supporters|url=https://www.dailyecho.co.uk/sport/24870042.paul-onuachu-dedicates-first-southampton-goal-supporters/|accessdate=21 January 2025|work=Southern Daily Echo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 30 June 2025, e kwekọrịtara na Onuachu ga-agafe na klọb Turkey Trabzonspor . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://onefootball.com/de/news/official-paul-onuachu-makes-his-return-to-trabzonspor-41298520|title=Official: Paul Onuachu makes his return to Trabzonspor|date=1 July 2025|work=One Football}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A kpọrọ Onuachu ka ọ bịa n'òtù egwuregwu mba Naịjirịa n'okpuru afọ iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2015/02/17/9010942/siasia-picks-21-players-for-gabon-game|title=Siasia picks 21 players for Gabon game|date=17 February 2015|accessdate=18 February 2016|author=Kolade Oni|publisher=Tipsbladet}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2019 ọ natara oku mbụ ya na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu Naijiria]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47442643|title=John Mikel Obi: Nigeria captain left out of Super Eagles squad|date=4 March 2019|accessdate=5 March 2019|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Machị afọ 2019, Onuachu gbara goolu mbụ ya maka Naịjirịa n'egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Ijipt. E nyere goolu ahụ n'ime sekọnd iri mbụ nke egwuregwu ahụ, ọ bụkwa nke kachasị ọsọ e nyere Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47716327|title=Nigeria's fastest international goal helps them beat Egypt|date=27 March 2019|accessdate=27 March 2019|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ gbasịrị ihe mgbaru ọsọ ahụ, a mara Onuachu dị ka &quot;ihe a na-akpọ &quot;mkpu nke bọọlụ Naijiria&quot;, na &quot;onye nkuzi ya, ndị otu ya, ndị nta akụkọ na ndị na-akwado ya na-ekwu maka ya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47721703|title=The spotlight in Nigeria falls on Paul Onuachu after his 10 second goal|date=27 March 2019|accessdate=28 March 2019|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka 2019 Africa Cup of Nations . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/afcon-2019-onuachu-happy-to-make-super-eagles-squad/|title=AFCON 2019: Onuachu happy to make Super Eagles squad|date=16 May 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara na mmeri 1-0 nke Naijiria meriri Burundi,  ka Super Eagles ruru ọkara ikpeazụ, merie Algeria 2-1 na anọ ikpeazụ,  wee merie Tunisia 1-0 na egwuregwu ọla nchara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/06/23/nigeria-vs-burundi-didnt-start-ighalo-super-eagles-1-0-win-rohr/|title=Nigeria vs Burundi: Why I didn't start Ighalo in Super Eagles' 1–0 win – Rohr|author=Silas|first=Don|date=23 June 2019|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|accessdate=9 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/jul/14/algeria-nigeria-match-report|title=Riyad Mahrez strike sinks Nigeria and puts Algeria in Afcon final|date=14 July 2019|accessdate=22 April 2023|author=Jonathan Wilson|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 12 Jenụwarị 2024, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ bịa soro ndị otu Naijiria maka Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2023 na Ivory Coast, na-anọchi [[Umar Sadiq]] merụrụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/afcon-2023-paul-onuachu-replaces-injured-umar-sadiq-in-nigerias-team/|title=AFCON 2023: Paul Onuachu replaces injured Umar Sadiq in Nigeria's team|date=12 January 2024|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2025, a kpọrọ Onuachu ka ọ bịa soro na ndị otu Naịjirịa maka asọmpi iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cafonline.com/afcon2025/news/nigeria-name-star-packed-afcon-squad-as-osimhen-and-lookman-lead-super-eagles-challenge/|title=Nigeria name star-packed AFCON squad as Osimhen and Lookman lead Super Eagles challenge|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=11 December 2025|accessdate=12 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ[b]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |Midtjylland
|2012–13
|Superliga Danish
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
|2013–14
|Superliga Danish
|11
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12
|0
|-
|2014–15
|Superliga Danish
|10
|1
|2
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|3
|-
|2015–16
|Superliga Danish
|25
|6
|2
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|10[d]
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|37
|9
|-
|2016–17
|Superliga Danish
|35
|17
|3
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6[c]
|2
|1[e]
|1
|45
|23
|-
|2017–18
|Superliga Danish
|22
|10
|3
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6[c]
|4
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|17
|-
|2018–19
|Superliga Danish
|30
|17
|4
|3
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6[f]
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|40
|22
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!134
!51
!16
!12
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!30
!10
!1
!1
!181
!74
|-
|Vejle (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2014–15
|Ngalaba nke 1 nke Denmark
|13
|5
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Genk
|2019–20
|Belgian Pro League
|22
|9
|1
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|5[g]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|10
|-
|2020–21
|Belgian Pro League
|38
|33
|3
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|41
|35
|-
|2021–22
|Belgian Pro League
|35
|21
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|7[h]
|2
|1[i]
|0
|43
|23
|-
|2022–23
|Belgian Pro League
|19
|16
|3
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|17
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!114
!79
!7
!4
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!12
!2
!1
!0
!134
!85
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Southampton
|2022–23
|Njikọ Premier
|11
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|0
|-
|2023–24
|Mmeri
|0
|0
|0
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1
|0
|-
|2024–25
|Njikọ Premier
|25
|4
|1
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!36
!4
!1
!0
!3
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!40
!4
|-
|Trabzonspor (onye a gbazitere) 
|2023–24
|Süper Lig
|21
|15
|4
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|17
|-
|Ịgba chaa chaa
|2025–26&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot; /&gt;
|Süper Lig
|26
|22
|4
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|30
|24
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!344
!176
!32
!20
!3
!0
!42
!12
!2
!1
!419
!209
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 27 March 2021]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player|73929|access-date=1 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2019
|7
|1
|-
|2020
|2
|0
|-
|2021
|7
|2
|-
|2022
|1
|0
|-
|2023
|1
|0
|-
|2024
|6
|0
|-
|2025
|3
|1
|-
|2026
|4
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!31
!4
|}

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe ihe mgbaru ndụ Onuachu ọ bụla gasịrị.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke Paul Onuachu gbara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|26 Machị 2019
|Stephen Keshi Stadium, [[Asaba]], Nigeria
| Egypt
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|27 Machị 2021
|Stade Charles de Gaulle, Porto-Novo, Benin
| Benin
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
|2021 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
|30 Machị 2021
|Teslim Balogun Stadium, Lagos, Nigeria
| Lesotho
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|2021 Africa Cup of Nations iru eru
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4
|30 Disemba 2025
|Fez Stadium, Fez, Morocco
| Uganda
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–1
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2025
|}
'''Midtjylland'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-denmark/soccer-dal-hende-fires-midtjylland-to-danish-title-idUKL5N1SS4LP|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730022250/https://uk.reuters.com/article/soccer-denmark/soccer-dal-hende-fires-midtjylland-to-danish-title-idUKL5N1SS4LP|archivedate=30 July 2018|title=Soccer-Dal Hende fires Midtjylland to Danish title|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=15 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Danish Superliga: 2014-15, 2017-182017–18
* Iko Danish: 2018-192018–19

* Iko Belgium: 2020-21&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/onuachu-with-an-assist-as-genk-clinch-belgian-cup-title/1jp81i8ofssju1k0yrdb9b6nu8|title=Onuachu with an assist as Genk clinch Belgian Cup title after Standard Liege win|work=Goal (website)|date=26 April 2021|accessdate=29 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2023; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke atọ: 2019, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 July 2019|title=Tunisia 0–1 Nigeria|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48932084|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227223831/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48932084|archivedate=27 February 2021|accessdate=18 July 2019|publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2025 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=17 January 2026|title=Afcon 2025: Egypt 0-0 Nigeria (2-4 pens) - Super Eagles finish third|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cpqyvje5de8t|accessdate=20 January 2026|work=BBC Sport|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* Nkewa nke Mbụ nke Belgium Onye kacha gbaa goolu: 2020-21 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/57239441|title=Paul Onuachu: Nigeria striker scoops two awards in Belgium|publisher=BBC|date=25 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye na-agba bọọlụ nke afọ na Belgium: 2020-21 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sporza.be/nl/2021/05/24/topschutter-paul-onuachu-is-verkozen-tot-profvoetballer-van-het-jaar~1621881968996/|title=Topschutter Paul Onuachu is verkozen tot Profvoetballer van het Jaar|work=SPORZA|date=25 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Akpụkpọ ụkwụ ọla edo nke Belgium: 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sporza.be/nl/matches/voetbal/2022-01/paul-onuachu-verslaat-club-duo-lang-en-de-ketelaere-voor-gouden-schoen~1641807966442/|title=Paul Onuachu verslaat Club-duo Lang en De Ketelaere voor Gouden Schoen|work=SPORZA|date=12 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nkewa nke Mbụ nke Belgium Otu nke Afọ: 2020-21 
* Ebony Shoe: 2021&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=13 February 2024|title=Afcon: Ivory Coast and Nigeria players get cash, villas and honours|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68286543|accessdate=24 February 2024|work=[[BBC News]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==

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'''Philip Porwei Otele''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1999) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere otu egwuregwu German Bundesliga Hamburger SV, na mgbazinye ego site na otu egwuregwu Swiss Super League Basel, na otu egwuregwu Naijiria.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mbụ na Kauno Žalgiris ===
Onye Naijiria zụrụ Arsenal ka ọ dị afọ iri na anọ. N'agbata 2017 na 2019, Otele nọchitere anya Wearside Premier Division Wolviston mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Teesside.  Mgbe ọ kwagara Lithuania, Otele kpughere na ya enweghị ike ịnakwere onyinye sitere na Sunderland n'ihi mmachi visa. Na Mee 2019, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na klọb Lithuania Kauno Žalgiris. Otele guzobe onwe ya dị ka onye na-amalite mgbe niile n'afọ 2021, nyere goolu iri ma nyere Kauno aka n'ọkwa nke atọ n'usoro n'asọmpi mba.

=== UTA Arad ===
Na 13 Jenụwarị 2022, Otele kwagara n'akụkụ Romania UTA Arad . &lt;ref name=&quot;uta_transfer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.prosport.ro/fotbal-intern/liga-1/uta-a-transferat-un-mijlocas-de-banda-din-nigeria-philip-otele-19394768|title=UTA a transferat un mijlocaș de bandă nigerian: &quot;Le vom aduce victorii fanilor și vom accede în play-off&quot;|publisher=[[ProSport]]|language=ro|date=13 January 2022|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.agerpres.ro/sport/2022/01/13/fotbal-uta-l-a-transferat-pe-mijlocasul-nigerian-philip-otele--846647|title=UTA l-a transferat pe mijlocaşul nigerian Philip Otele|publisher=[[Agerpres|AGERPRES]]|language=ro|date=13 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere asọmpi ya na 5 Febụwarị, na-abịa dị ka onye nọchiri Karolis Laukžemis na 1-0 n'ụlọ Liga I meriri Sepsi OSK.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.prosport.ro/fotbal-intern/liga-1/nigerianul-otele-a-debutat-la-uta-cum-a-evoluat-in-primul-meci-pentru-echipa-din-arad-primele-declaratii-19406828|title=Nigerianul Otele a debutat la UTA! Cum a evoluat în primul meci pentru echipa din Arad + Primele declarații|publisher=[[ProSport]]|language=ro|date=5 February 2022|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu ọnwa mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na mmeri 2-1 n'ụlọ ya na Mioveni.

Na Jenụwarị 2023, na nkwekọrịta UTA Arad ya ga-agwụ n'oge ọkọchị, Otele bịanyere aka na nkwekọ nkwekọrịta tupu ya na ndị na-agbachitere CFR Cluj.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://as.ro/fotbal/liga-1/antena-sport-confirmat-philip-otele-a-semnat-cu-cfr-cluj-clubul-ne-a-informat-azi-252950.html#:~:text=Philip%20Otele%20a%20semnat%20cu%20CFR%20Cluj%20Alexandru,R%C4%83ducanu%20l-a%20dus%20la%20tribunal%20cu%20fiul%20s%C4%83u%21|title=Philip Otele a semnat cu CFR Cluj: &quot;Clubul ne-a informat azi!&quot;|publisher=[[Antena 1 (Romania)|Antena Sport]]|language=ro|date=20 January 2023|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Klọb ahụ kpughere ya na 16 June,  wee mee nke mbụ ya otu ọnwa ka e mesịrị, na mmeri 2-0 nke Liga n'ụlọ na Politehnica Iași.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsp.ro/fotbal/liga-1/cfr-cluj-philip-otele-transfer-701298.html|title=Transfer anunțat oficial de CFR Cluj: e al cincilea cel mai bun dribler din SuperLigă!|language=ro|date=16 June 2023|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 21 Ọgọst 2023, Otele meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ CFR mbụ ya na mmeri 4 – 3 pụọ na ndị mmegide obodo Universitatea Cluj. Ụbọchị ise ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara okpukpu abụọ na mmeri ụlọ nke Botoșani 3–1. Na 21 Disemba, ọ gbatara okpukpu abụọ ọzọ na 4 – 0 nhụsịrị ụlọ derby nke Universitatea Cluj. Na 23 Febrụwarị 2024, Otele weghaara egwuregwu bọọlụ ya ruo ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na otu mgbe ọ gbasịrị akara ugboro abụọ na mmeri ụlọ Dinamo București 4–0.

N'ọnwa Eprel 2024, n'etiti mmasị sitere n'aka ndị otu egwuregwu ibe ya FCSB, onye nwe CFR Cluj bụ Ioan Varga kwuru na ọ na-ekwurịta maka ịnyefe Otele na Brighton &amp;amp;amp; Hove Albion nke Premier League maka £ 6 nde na 20% nke ire ere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.digisport.ro/fotbal/premier-league/au-inceput-negocierile-7-milioane-de-euro-pentru-philip-otele-2912909|title=Au început negocierile! 7 milioane de euro pentru Philip Otele|publisher=[[Digi Sport (Romania)|Digi Sport]]|language=ro|date=11 April 2024|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Mee, ọ gbara okpukpu abụọ nke anọ ya na mmeri 3-2 n'ụlọ nke Rapid București, ụbọchị isii ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara bọọlụ n'elu na mmeri 1-0 n'èzí nke ndị mmeri FCSB.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.digisport.ro/fotbal/liga-1/fcsb-cfr-cluj-0-1-foarfeca-lui-otele-a-decis-meciul-la-care-ros-albastrii-au-fost-incoronati-campioni-2958127|title=FCSB - CFR Cluj 0-1. Foarfeca lui Otele a decis meciul la care &quot;roș-albaștrii&quot; au fost încoronați campioni|publisher=Digi Sport|language=ro|date=11 May 2024|accessdate=20 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Al Wahda ===

==== Ịgbazinye ego na Basel ====

=== Basel ===
N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2026, Otele gara Hamburger SV na German Bundesliga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Hamburger SV|url=https://www.hsv.de/en/news/hsv-sign-winger-philip-otele|title=HSV sign winger Philip Otele|date=2 February 2026|accessdate=3 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụdị egwuregwu ==

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 18 April 2026]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|614652|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Kauno Žalgiris
|2019
|Lyga
|14
|0
|2
|0
|1[b]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|17
|0
|-
|2020
|Lyga
|18
|3
|2
|0
|1[b]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|4
|-
|2021
|Lyga
|32
|10
|1
|2
|4[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|37
|12
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!64
!13
!5
!2
!6
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!75
!16
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |UTA Arad
|2021–22
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|16
|5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|5
|-
|2022–23
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|34
|5
|6
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[d]
|1
|42
|6
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!50
!10
!6
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!2
!1
!58
!11
|-
|CFR Cluj
|2023–24
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|40
|18
|3
|0
|2[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|45
|18
|-
|Al Wahda
|2024–25
|UAE Pro League
|10
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1[e]
|0
|13
|0
|-
|Basel (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2024–25
|Njikọ Super
|18
|9
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Basel
|2025–26
|Njikọ Super
|19
|4
|3
|2
|8[f]
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|30
|8
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!37
!13
!6
!2
!8
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!51
!17
|-
|Hamburger SV (nke a gbazitere) 
|2025–26
|Bundesliga
|9
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!210
!55
!22
!4
!16
!3
!3
!1
!251
!63
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
{{updated|match played 31 March 2026}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2026
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!1
!0
|}

* Swiss Super League: 2024-25&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bluewin.ch/en/entertainment/thousands-celebrate-the-championship-title-in-basel-during-the-esc-2689749.html|title=Thousands celebrate the championship title in Basel during the ESC|work=blue News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Iko Switzerland: 2024-252024–25

* Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na Liga I: 2023-24 (ya na Florinel Coman nwekọrọ) &lt;ref name=&quot;23-24_top_scorer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsp.ro/fotbal/liga-1/florinel-coman-si-philip-otele-golgeterii-sezonului-in-superliga-742685.html|title=Ei sunt premianții sezonului în Superliga » Deac scrie istorie! Coman a fost egalat în clasamentul golgheterilor|language=ro|date=20 May 2024|accessdate=20 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Liga I Team nke Oge: 2023-242023–24

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>lmm3l6zezf0h1h6vdfavdy63f7ptxop</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672722</id>
      <parentid>672720</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T18:57:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mba Nile */</comment>
      <origin>672722</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8458" sha1="r5u1fhpbpj2ezxpal0fsjhig9g1b4w0" xml:space="preserve">
 

'''Philip Porwei Otele''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1999) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere otu egwuregwu German Bundesliga Hamburger SV, na mgbazinye ego site na otu egwuregwu Swiss Super League Basel, na otu egwuregwu Naijiria.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mbụ na Kauno Žalgiris ===
Onye Naijiria zụrụ Arsenal ka ọ dị afọ iri na anọ. N'agbata 2017 na 2019, Otele nọchitere anya Wearside Premier Division Wolviston mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Teesside.  Mgbe ọ kwagara Lithuania, Otele kpughere na ya enweghị ike ịnakwere onyinye sitere na Sunderland n'ihi mmachi visa. Na Mee 2019, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na klọb Lithuania Kauno Žalgiris. Otele guzobe onwe ya dị ka onye na-amalite mgbe niile n'afọ 2021, nyere goolu iri ma nyere Kauno aka n'ọkwa nke atọ n'usoro n'asọmpi mba.

=== UTA Arad ===
Na 13 Jenụwarị 2022, Otele kwagara n'akụkụ Romania UTA Arad . &lt;ref name=&quot;uta_transfer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.prosport.ro/fotbal-intern/liga-1/uta-a-transferat-un-mijlocas-de-banda-din-nigeria-philip-otele-19394768|title=UTA a transferat un mijlocaș de bandă nigerian: &quot;Le vom aduce victorii fanilor și vom accede în play-off&quot;|publisher=[[ProSport]]|language=ro|date=13 January 2022|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.agerpres.ro/sport/2022/01/13/fotbal-uta-l-a-transferat-pe-mijlocasul-nigerian-philip-otele--846647|title=UTA l-a transferat pe mijlocaşul nigerian Philip Otele|publisher=[[Agerpres|AGERPRES]]|language=ro|date=13 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere asọmpi ya na 5 Febụwarị, na-abịa dị ka onye nọchiri Karolis Laukžemis na 1-0 n'ụlọ Liga I meriri Sepsi OSK.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.prosport.ro/fotbal-intern/liga-1/nigerianul-otele-a-debutat-la-uta-cum-a-evoluat-in-primul-meci-pentru-echipa-din-arad-primele-declaratii-19406828|title=Nigerianul Otele a debutat la UTA! Cum a evoluat în primul meci pentru echipa din Arad + Primele declarații|publisher=[[ProSport]]|language=ro|date=5 February 2022|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu ọnwa mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na mmeri 2-1 n'ụlọ ya na Mioveni.

Na Jenụwarị 2023, na nkwekọrịta UTA Arad ya ga-agwụ n'oge ọkọchị, Otele bịanyere aka na nkwekọ nkwekọrịta tupu ya na ndị na-agbachitere CFR Cluj.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://as.ro/fotbal/liga-1/antena-sport-confirmat-philip-otele-a-semnat-cu-cfr-cluj-clubul-ne-a-informat-azi-252950.html#:~:text=Philip%20Otele%20a%20semnat%20cu%20CFR%20Cluj%20Alexandru,R%C4%83ducanu%20l-a%20dus%20la%20tribunal%20cu%20fiul%20s%C4%83u%21|title=Philip Otele a semnat cu CFR Cluj: &quot;Clubul ne-a informat azi!&quot;|publisher=[[Antena 1 (Romania)|Antena Sport]]|language=ro|date=20 January 2023|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Klọb ahụ kpughere ya na 16 June,  wee mee nke mbụ ya otu ọnwa ka e mesịrị, na mmeri 2-0 nke Liga n'ụlọ na Politehnica Iași.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsp.ro/fotbal/liga-1/cfr-cluj-philip-otele-transfer-701298.html|title=Transfer anunțat oficial de CFR Cluj: e al cincilea cel mai bun dribler din SuperLigă!|language=ro|date=16 June 2023|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 21 Ọgọst 2023, Otele meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ CFR mbụ ya na mmeri 4 – 3 pụọ na ndị mmegide obodo Universitatea Cluj. Ụbọchị ise ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara okpukpu abụọ na mmeri ụlọ nke Botoșani 3–1. Na 21 Disemba, ọ gbatara okpukpu abụọ ọzọ na 4 – 0 nhụsịrị ụlọ derby nke Universitatea Cluj. Na 23 Febrụwarị 2024, Otele weghaara egwuregwu bọọlụ ya ruo ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na otu mgbe ọ gbasịrị akara ugboro abụọ na mmeri ụlọ Dinamo București 4–0.

N'ọnwa Eprel 2024, n'etiti mmasị sitere n'aka ndị otu egwuregwu ibe ya FCSB, onye nwe CFR Cluj bụ Ioan Varga kwuru na ọ na-ekwurịta maka ịnyefe Otele na Brighton &amp;amp;amp; Hove Albion nke Premier League maka £ 6 nde na 20% nke ire ere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.digisport.ro/fotbal/premier-league/au-inceput-negocierile-7-milioane-de-euro-pentru-philip-otele-2912909|title=Au început negocierile! 7 milioane de euro pentru Philip Otele|publisher=[[Digi Sport (Romania)|Digi Sport]]|language=ro|date=11 April 2024|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Mee, ọ gbara okpukpu abụọ nke anọ ya na mmeri 3-2 n'ụlọ nke Rapid București, ụbọchị isii ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara bọọlụ n'elu na mmeri 1-0 n'èzí nke ndị mmeri FCSB.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.digisport.ro/fotbal/liga-1/fcsb-cfr-cluj-0-1-foarfeca-lui-otele-a-decis-meciul-la-care-ros-albastrii-au-fost-incoronati-campioni-2958127|title=FCSB - CFR Cluj 0-1. Foarfeca lui Otele a decis meciul la care &quot;roș-albaștrii&quot; au fost încoronați campioni|publisher=Digi Sport|language=ro|date=11 May 2024|accessdate=20 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Al Wahda ===

==== Ịgbazinye ego na Basel ====

=== Basel ===
N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2026, Otele gara Hamburger SV na German Bundesliga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Hamburger SV|url=https://www.hsv.de/en/news/hsv-sign-winger-philip-otele|title=HSV sign winger Philip Otele|date=2 February 2026|accessdate=3 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụdị egwuregwu ==

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 18 April 2026]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|614652|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Kauno Žalgiris
|2019
|Lyga
|14
|0
|2
|0
|1[b]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|17
|0
|-
|2020
|Lyga
|18
|3
|2
|0
|1[b]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|4
|-
|2021
|Lyga
|32
|10
|1
|2
|4[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|37
|12
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!64
!13
!5
!2
!6
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!75
!16
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |UTA Arad
|2021–22
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|16
|5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|5
|-
|2022–23
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|34
|5
|6
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[d]
|1
|42
|6
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!50
!10
!6
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!2
!1
!58
!11
|-
|CFR Cluj
|2023–24
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|40
|18
|3
|0
|2[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|45
|18
|-
|Al Wahda
|2024–25
|UAE Pro League
|10
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1[e]
|0
|13
|0
|-
|Basel (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2024–25
|Njikọ Super
|18
|9
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Basel
|2025–26
|Njikọ Super
|19
|4
|3
|2
|8[f]
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|30
|8
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!37
!13
!6
!2
!8
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!51
!17
|-
|Hamburger SV (nke a gbazitere) 
|2025–26
|Bundesliga
|9
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!210
!55
!22
!4
!16
!3
!3
!1
!251
!63
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 31 March 2026]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2026
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!1
!0
|}

* Swiss Super League: 2024-25&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bluewin.ch/en/entertainment/thousands-celebrate-the-championship-title-in-basel-during-the-esc-2689749.html|title=Thousands celebrate the championship title in Basel during the ESC|work=blue News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Iko Switzerland: 2024-252024–25

* Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na Liga I: 2023-24 (ya na Florinel Coman nwekọrọ) &lt;ref name=&quot;23-24_top_scorer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsp.ro/fotbal/liga-1/florinel-coman-si-philip-otele-golgeterii-sezonului-in-superliga-742685.html|title=Ei sunt premianții sezonului în Superliga » Deac scrie istorie! Coman a fost egalat în clasamentul golgheterilor|language=ro|date=20 May 2024|accessdate=20 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Liga I Team nke Oge: 2023-242023–24

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Philip Porwei Otele''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri na ise n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1999) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-agbachitere otu egwuregwu German Bundesliga Hamburger SV, na mgbazinye ego site na otu egwuregwu Swiss Super League Basel, na otu egwuregwu Naijiria.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Ọrụ mbụ na Kauno Žalgiris ===
Onye Naijiria zụrụ Arsenal ka ọ dị afọ iri na anọ. N'agbata 2017 na 2019, Otele nọchitere anya Wearside Premier Division Wolviston mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Teesside.  Mgbe ọ kwagara Lithuania, Otele kpughere na ya enweghị ike ịnakwere onyinye sitere na Sunderland n'ihi mmachi visa. Na Mee 2019, ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na klọb Lithuania Kauno Žalgiris. Otele guzobe onwe ya dị ka onye na-amalite mgbe niile n'afọ 2021, nyere goolu iri ma nyere Kauno aka n'ọkwa nke atọ n'usoro n'asọmpi mba.

=== UTA Arad ===
Na 13 Jenụwarị 2022, Otele kwagara n'akụkụ Romania UTA Arad . &lt;ref name=&quot;uta_transfer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.prosport.ro/fotbal-intern/liga-1/uta-a-transferat-un-mijlocas-de-banda-din-nigeria-philip-otele-19394768|title=UTA a transferat un mijlocaș de bandă nigerian: &quot;Le vom aduce victorii fanilor și vom accede în play-off&quot;|publisher=[[ProSport]]|language=ro|date=13 January 2022|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.agerpres.ro/sport/2022/01/13/fotbal-uta-l-a-transferat-pe-mijlocasul-nigerian-philip-otele--846647|title=UTA l-a transferat pe mijlocaşul nigerian Philip Otele|publisher=[[Agerpres|AGERPRES]]|language=ro|date=13 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere asọmpi ya na 5 Febụwarị, na-abịa dị ka onye nọchiri Karolis Laukžemis na 1-0 n'ụlọ Liga I meriri Sepsi OSK.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.prosport.ro/fotbal-intern/liga-1/nigerianul-otele-a-debutat-la-uta-cum-a-evoluat-in-primul-meci-pentru-echipa-din-arad-primele-declaratii-19406828|title=Nigerianul Otele a debutat la UTA! Cum a evoluat în primul meci pentru echipa din Arad + Primele declarații|publisher=[[ProSport]]|language=ro|date=5 February 2022|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otu ọnwa mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya na mmeri 2-1 n'ụlọ ya na Mioveni.

Na Jenụwarị 2023, na nkwekọrịta UTA Arad ya ga-agwụ n'oge ọkọchị, Otele bịanyere aka na nkwekọ nkwekọrịta tupu ya na ndị na-agbachitere CFR Cluj.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://as.ro/fotbal/liga-1/antena-sport-confirmat-philip-otele-a-semnat-cu-cfr-cluj-clubul-ne-a-informat-azi-252950.html#:~:text=Philip%20Otele%20a%20semnat%20cu%20CFR%20Cluj%20Alexandru,R%C4%83ducanu%20l-a%20dus%20la%20tribunal%20cu%20fiul%20s%C4%83u%21|title=Philip Otele a semnat cu CFR Cluj: &quot;Clubul ne-a informat azi!&quot;|publisher=[[Antena 1 (Romania)|Antena Sport]]|language=ro|date=20 January 2023|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Klọb ahụ kpughere ya na 16 June,  wee mee nke mbụ ya otu ọnwa ka e mesịrị, na mmeri 2-0 nke Liga n'ụlọ na Politehnica Iași.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsp.ro/fotbal/liga-1/cfr-cluj-philip-otele-transfer-701298.html|title=Transfer anunțat oficial de CFR Cluj: e al cincilea cel mai bun dribler din SuperLigă!|language=ro|date=16 June 2023|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 21 Ọgọst 2023, Otele meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ CFR mbụ ya na mmeri 4 – 3 pụọ na ndị mmegide obodo Universitatea Cluj. Ụbọchị ise ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara okpukpu abụọ na mmeri ụlọ nke Botoșani 3–1. Na 21 Disemba, ọ gbatara okpukpu abụọ ọzọ na 4 – 0 nhụsịrị ụlọ derby nke Universitatea Cluj. Na 23 Febrụwarị 2024, Otele weghaara egwuregwu bọọlụ ya ruo ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na otu mgbe ọ gbasịrị akara ugboro abụọ na mmeri ụlọ Dinamo București 4–0.

N'ọnwa Eprel 2024, n'etiti mmasị sitere n'aka ndị otu egwuregwu ibe ya FCSB, onye nwe CFR Cluj bụ Ioan Varga kwuru na ọ na-ekwurịta maka ịnyefe Otele na Brighton &amp;amp;amp; Hove Albion nke Premier League maka £ 6 nde na 20% nke ire ere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.digisport.ro/fotbal/premier-league/au-inceput-negocierile-7-milioane-de-euro-pentru-philip-otele-2912909|title=Au început negocierile! 7 milioane de euro pentru Philip Otele|publisher=[[Digi Sport (Romania)|Digi Sport]]|language=ro|date=11 April 2024|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Mee, ọ gbara okpukpu abụọ nke anọ ya na mmeri 3-2 n'ụlọ nke Rapid București, ụbọchị isii ka e mesịrị, ọ gbara bọọlụ n'elu na mmeri 1-0 n'èzí nke ndị mmeri FCSB.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.digisport.ro/fotbal/liga-1/fcsb-cfr-cluj-0-1-foarfeca-lui-otele-a-decis-meciul-la-care-ros-albastrii-au-fost-incoronati-campioni-2958127|title=FCSB - CFR Cluj 0-1. Foarfeca lui Otele a decis meciul la care &quot;roș-albaștrii&quot; au fost încoronați campioni|publisher=Digi Sport|language=ro|date=11 May 2024|accessdate=20 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Al Wahda ===

==== Ịgbazinye ego na Basel ====

=== Basel ===
N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2026, Otele gara Hamburger SV na German Bundesliga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Hamburger SV|url=https://www.hsv.de/en/news/hsv-sign-winger-philip-otele|title=HSV sign winger Philip Otele|date=2 February 2026|accessdate=3 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụdị egwuregwu ==

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 18 April 2026]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SW&quot;&gt;{{Soccerway|614652|accessdate=11 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Kauno Žalgiris
|2019
|Lyga
|14
|0
|2
|0
|1[b]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|17
|0
|-
|2020
|Lyga
|18
|3
|2
|0
|1[b]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|4
|-
|2021
|Lyga
|32
|10
|1
|2
|4[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|37
|12
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!64
!13
!5
!2
!6
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!75
!16
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |UTA Arad
|2021–22
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|16
|5
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|5
|-
|2022–23
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|34
|5
|6
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[d]
|1
|42
|6
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!50
!10
!6
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!2
!1
!58
!11
|-
|CFR Cluj
|2023–24
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|40
|18
|3
|0
|2[c]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|45
|18
|-
|Al Wahda
|2024–25
|UAE Pro League
|10
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1[e]
|0
|13
|0
|-
|Basel (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2024–25
|Njikọ Super
|18
|9
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|21
|9
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Basel
|2025–26
|Njikọ Super
|19
|4
|3
|2
|8[f]
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|30
|8
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!37
!13
!6
!2
!8
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!51
!17
|-
|Hamburger SV (nke a gbazitere) 
|2025–26
|Bundesliga
|9
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!210
!55
!22
!4
!16
!3
!3
!1
!251
!63
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 31 March 2026]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2026
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!1
!0
|}

* Swiss Super League: 2024-25&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bluewin.ch/en/entertainment/thousands-celebrate-the-championship-title-in-basel-during-the-esc-2689749.html|title=Thousands celebrate the championship title in Basel during the ESC|work=blue News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Iko Switzerland: 2024-252024–25

* Onye kacha gbaa bọọlụ na Liga I: 2023-24 (ya na Florinel Coman nwekọrọ) &lt;ref name=&quot;23-24_top_scorer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsp.ro/fotbal/liga-1/florinel-coman-si-philip-otele-golgeterii-sezonului-in-superliga-742685.html|title=Ei sunt premianții sezonului în Superliga » Deac scrie istorie! Coman a fost egalat în clasamentul golgheterilor|language=ro|date=20 May 2024|accessdate=20 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Liga I Team nke Oge: 2023-242023–24

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Ebenezer Harcourt</title>
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'''Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2009) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu maka klọb Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa Sporting Lagos na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

A mụrụ Harcourt na Umunteke-Asa, Ukwa West na Abia State, Nigeria. Ọ gbara bọọlụ ntorobịa na Sporting Lagos Academy tupu ya na Sporting Lagos malite ọrụ ọkachamara ya. Harcourt meriri asọmpị mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Naijiria n'afọ 2025, wee bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta ga-anọchi anya Naịjirịa. Ọ bụkwa onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt na 21 Ọktoba 2009 na Umunteke-Asa, [[Ukwa West]], Abia State, Nigeria . &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria’s AFCON U20 hero|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=16 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sampson|first=Orji|title=From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON|url=https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Infonews|date=May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya bụ Ifeanyi Harcourt, onye na-enye ndị na-edebe goolu ọzụzụ maka klọb bọọlụ Naijiria [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Harcourt sonyeere Sporting Lagos Academy mgbe ọ dị afọ iri.&lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria’s AFCON U20 hero|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=16 May 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/ &quot;Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria's AFCON U20 hero&quot;]. ''[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]''. [[Confederation of African Football]]. 16 May 2025. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251110082133/https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/ Archived] from the original on 10 November 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Nigeria Nationwide League . &lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Areo|first=Samuel|title=NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw|url=https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=ACLSports|date=29 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harcourt meriri Gothia Cup na academy na 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|title=Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/|accessdate=22 December 2025|date=26 September 2025|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, Harcourt gbara bọọlụ nke mbụ ya na Sporting Lagos na Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Areo|first=Samuel|title=NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw|url=https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=ACLSports|date=29 November 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAreo2025&quot;&gt;Areo, Samuel (29 November 2025). [https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/ &quot;NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw&quot;]. ''ACLSports''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251224161555/https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/ Archived] from the original on 24 December 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A họpụtara ya maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Nigeria na-erubeghị afọ 20 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise ma bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na-egwu na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.  Na nkeji iri na ise, Harcourt zọpụtara penariti abụọ na mmeri Nigeria meriri ndị na-agbachitere Senegal, na-eru eru Nigeria maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke 2025 FIFA U-20. N'ime egwuregwu ise, ọ debere mpempe akwụkwọ atọ dị ọcha wee merie ihe mgbaru ọsọ abụọ n'oge oge,  na-akpọ aha na CAF Best XI maka asọmpi  ma na-adọta mmasị site na Nigeria Premier Football League na ndị otu mba ndị ọzọ.

Harcourt zọpụtara penalty na ọgụ ya na Niger na ọkara ikpeazụ nke 2025 WAFU Zone B U-20 Championship, na-enye aka na mmeri Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Abel|first=Kelechi|title=Flying Eagles Keeper Ebenezer Harcourt Reflects on WAFU U-20 Semi Final|url=https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/news/interviews/flying-eagles-keeper-ebenezer-harcourt-reflects-on-wafu-u-20-semi-final/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Football in Nigeria|date=21 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ivory Coast meriri Naijiria site na 1-0 na ngwụcha, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ n'efu.&lt;ref name=&quot;paf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Olsson|first=Andrew|title=WAFU U-20: Ivory Coast pounce on late mistake to emerge as champions|url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/wafu-u-20-ivory-coast-pounce-on-late-mistake-to-emerge-as-champions/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Pan-Africa Football|date=24 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tupu 2025 FIFA U-20 World Cup, Premier League club Manchester United zigara ndị scout ka ha nyochaa Harcourt na Chile &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|title=Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/|accessdate=22 December 2025|date=26 September 2025|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIkhazuagbe2025&quot;&gt;Ikhazuagbe, Duro (26 September 2025). [https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/ &quot;Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile&quot;]. ''[[This Day]]''. Apapa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250928110112/https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/ Archived] from the original on 28 September 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na ''ESPN'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu Naijiria ise ga-ele anya na asọmpi ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;sportsration&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Manchester United scouts watch Nigeria’s teenage goalkeeper Harcourt|url=https://sportsration.com/manchester-united-scouts-watch-nigerias-teenage-goalkeeper-harcourt/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=SportsRation|date=25 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Udoh|first=Colin|title=Nigeria's Terrific Teens – Five Flying Eagles players to watch at the FIFA U-20 World Cup|url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/46418758/nigeria-terrific-teens-five-flying-eagles-players-watch-fifa-u-20-world-cup|accessdate=22 December 2025|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=29 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harcourt meriri n'egwuregwu mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Naịjirịa n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2025, na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha na mmeri 2-0 ha meriri Congo na Group D nke asọmpi mba Afrịka nke afọ 2024 iji bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị ọhụrụ na-anọchite anya ndị otu Naịjiria na afọ iri na ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;ats&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=CHAN 2024 : 15-Year-Old Ebenezer Harcourt Makes History with Clean Sheet|url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/08/20/chan-2024-15-year-old-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-history-with-clean-sheet/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Africa Top Sports|date=20 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenation&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oguntade|first=Victor|title=Harcourt reflects on dream  Super Eagles’ debut at 2024 CHAN|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/harcourt-reflects-on-dream-super-eagles-debut-at-2024-chan/|accessdate=23 December 2025|date=22 August 2025|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ aha Harcourt na ndị otu Eric Chelle maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa megide Rwanda na South Africa na Septemba.&lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot; /&gt;

Ndị nkuzi Harcourt na Sporting Lagos Academy toro echiche ya na nkà na ụzụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot; /&gt;Otu onye nduzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kwuru na Harcourt zụrụ n'ụzọ siri ike na ebumnuche.&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt; Infonews kwuru na ụkpụrụ ọrụ ya bụ ihe mere a kpọrọ ya ozugbo na otu mba U20.&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt;

ESPN akọwaala Harcourt dị ka onye nwere obi ike na onye dị egwu, &lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot; /&gt; CAF, &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria’s AFCON U20 hero|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=16 May 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/ &quot;Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria's AFCON U20 hero&quot;]. ''[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]''. [[Confederation of African Football]]. 16 May 2025. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251110082133/https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/ Archived] from the original on 10 November 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na Infonews, &lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sampson|first=Orji|title=From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON|url=https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Infonews|date=May 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSampson2025&quot;&gt;Sampson, Orji (May 2025). [https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html &quot;From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON&quot;]. ''Infonews''. Owerri. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251224160631/https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html Archived] from the original on 24 December 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; onye ikike na echiche ya dị ka ndị okenye, ndị nwere ahụmahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot; /&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko FA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|[[Sporting Lagos F.C.|Egwuregwu Lagos]]
|2025–26
|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa
|7
|0
|1
|0
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!7
!0
!1
!0
!8
!0
!
|}

=== Mba Nile ===
{{updated|match played 19 August 2025}}&lt;ref name=&quot;soccerway&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ebenezer Harcourt Stats |url=https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=22 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224162511/https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |archive-date=24 December 2025 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2025
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!1
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Egwuregwu Lagos'''

* Iko Gothia: 2024

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* U-20 Africa Cup of Nations CAF Best XI: 2025

'''Ihe ndekọ'''

* Onye egwuregwu kachasị nta [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba]]: afọ 15
* 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị nta: afọ 15

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
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'''Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2009) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu maka klọb Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa Sporting Lagos na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

A mụrụ Harcourt na Umunteke-Asa, Ukwa West na Abia State, Nigeria. Ọ gbara bọọlụ ntorobịa na Sporting Lagos Academy tupu ya na Sporting Lagos malite ọrụ ọkachamara ya. Harcourt meriri asọmpị mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Naijiria n'afọ 2025, wee bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta ga-anọchi anya Naịjirịa. Ọ bụkwa onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt na 21 Ọktoba 2009 na Umunteke-Asa, [[Ukwa West]], Abia State, Nigeria . &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria’s AFCON U20 hero|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=16 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sampson|first=Orji|title=From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON|url=https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Infonews|date=May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya bụ Ifeanyi Harcourt, onye na-enye ndị na-edebe goolu ọzụzụ maka klọb bọọlụ Naijiria [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Harcourt sonyeere Sporting Lagos Academy mgbe ọ dị afọ iri.&lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria’s AFCON U20 hero|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=16 May 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/ &quot;Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria's AFCON U20 hero&quot;]. ''[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]''. [[Confederation of African Football]]. 16 May 2025. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251110082133/https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/ Archived] from the original on 10 November 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Nigeria Nationwide League . &lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Areo|first=Samuel|title=NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw|url=https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=ACLSports|date=29 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harcourt meriri Gothia Cup na academy na 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|title=Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/|accessdate=22 December 2025|date=26 September 2025|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, Harcourt gbara bọọlụ nke mbụ ya na Sporting Lagos na Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Areo|first=Samuel|title=NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw|url=https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=ACLSports|date=29 November 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAreo2025&quot;&gt;Areo, Samuel (29 November 2025). [https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/ &quot;NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw&quot;]. ''ACLSports''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251224161555/https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/ Archived] from the original on 24 December 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A họpụtara ya maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Nigeria na-erubeghị afọ 20 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise ma bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na-egwu na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.  Na nkeji iri na ise, Harcourt zọpụtara penariti abụọ na mmeri Nigeria meriri ndị na-agbachitere Senegal, na-eru eru Nigeria maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke 2025 FIFA U-20. N'ime egwuregwu ise, ọ debere mpempe akwụkwọ atọ dị ọcha wee merie ihe mgbaru ọsọ abụọ n'oge oge,  na-akpọ aha na CAF Best XI maka asọmpi  ma na-adọta mmasị site na Nigeria Premier Football League na ndị otu mba ndị ọzọ.

Harcourt zọpụtara penalty na ọgụ ya na Niger na ọkara ikpeazụ nke 2025 WAFU Zone B U-20 Championship, na-enye aka na mmeri Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Abel|first=Kelechi|title=Flying Eagles Keeper Ebenezer Harcourt Reflects on WAFU U-20 Semi Final|url=https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/news/interviews/flying-eagles-keeper-ebenezer-harcourt-reflects-on-wafu-u-20-semi-final/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Football in Nigeria|date=21 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ivory Coast meriri Naijiria site na 1-0 na ngwụcha, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ n'efu.&lt;ref name=&quot;paf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Olsson|first=Andrew|title=WAFU U-20: Ivory Coast pounce on late mistake to emerge as champions|url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/wafu-u-20-ivory-coast-pounce-on-late-mistake-to-emerge-as-champions/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Pan-Africa Football|date=24 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tupu 2025 FIFA U-20 World Cup, Premier League club Manchester United zigara ndị scout ka ha nyochaa Harcourt na Chile &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|title=Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/|accessdate=22 December 2025|date=26 September 2025|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIkhazuagbe2025&quot;&gt;Ikhazuagbe, Duro (26 September 2025). [https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/ &quot;Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile&quot;]. ''[[This Day]]''. Apapa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250928110112/https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/ Archived] from the original on 28 September 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na ''ESPN'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu Naijiria ise ga-ele anya na asọmpi ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;sportsration&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Manchester United scouts watch Nigeria’s teenage goalkeeper Harcourt|url=https://sportsration.com/manchester-united-scouts-watch-nigerias-teenage-goalkeeper-harcourt/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=SportsRation|date=25 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Udoh|first=Colin|title=Nigeria's Terrific Teens – Five Flying Eagles players to watch at the FIFA U-20 World Cup|url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/46418758/nigeria-terrific-teens-five-flying-eagles-players-watch-fifa-u-20-world-cup|accessdate=22 December 2025|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=29 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harcourt meriri n'egwuregwu mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Naịjirịa n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2025, na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha na mmeri 2-0 ha meriri Congo na Group D nke asọmpi mba Afrịka nke afọ 2024 iji bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị ọhụrụ na-anọchite anya ndị otu Naịjiria na afọ iri na ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;ats&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=CHAN 2024 : 15-Year-Old Ebenezer Harcourt Makes History with Clean Sheet|url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/08/20/chan-2024-15-year-old-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-history-with-clean-sheet/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Africa Top Sports|date=20 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenation&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oguntade|first=Victor|title=Harcourt reflects on dream  Super Eagles’ debut at 2024 CHAN|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/harcourt-reflects-on-dream-super-eagles-debut-at-2024-chan/|accessdate=23 December 2025|date=22 August 2025|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ aha Harcourt na ndị otu Eric Chelle maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa megide Rwanda na South Africa na Septemba.&lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot; /&gt;

Ndị nkuzi Harcourt na Sporting Lagos Academy toro echiche ya na nkà na ụzụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot; /&gt;Otu onye nduzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kwuru na Harcourt zụrụ n'ụzọ siri ike na ebumnuche.&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt; Infonews kwuru na ụkpụrụ ọrụ ya bụ ihe mere a kpọrọ ya ozugbo na otu mba U20.&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt;

ESPN akọwaala Harcourt dị ka onye nwere obi ike na onye dị egwu, &lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot; /&gt; CAF, &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria’s AFCON U20 hero|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=16 May 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/ &quot;Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria's AFCON U20 hero&quot;]. ''[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]''. [[Confederation of African Football]]. 16 May 2025. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251110082133/https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/ Archived] from the original on 10 November 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na Infonews, &lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sampson|first=Orji|title=From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON|url=https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Infonews|date=May 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSampson2025&quot;&gt;Sampson, Orji (May 2025). [https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html &quot;From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON&quot;]. ''Infonews''. Owerri. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251224160631/https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html Archived] from the original on 24 December 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; onye ikike na echiche ya dị ka ndị okenye, ndị nwere ahụmahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot; /&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko FA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|[[Sporting Lagos F.C.|Egwuregwu Lagos]]
|2025–26
|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa
|7
|0
|1
|0
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!7
!0
!1
!0
!8
!0
!
|}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 19 August 2025]]&lt;ref name=&quot;soccerway&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ebenezer Harcourt Stats |url=https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=22 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224162511/https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |archive-date=24 December 2025 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2025
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!1
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Egwuregwu Lagos'''

* Iko Gothia: 2024

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* U-20 Africa Cup of Nations CAF Best XI: 2025

'''Ihe ndekọ'''

* Onye egwuregwu kachasị nta [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba]]: afọ 15
* 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị nta: afọ 15

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2009) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu maka klọb Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa Sporting Lagos na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

A mụrụ Harcourt na Umunteke-Asa, Ukwa West na Abia State, Nigeria. Ọ gbara bọọlụ ntorobịa na Sporting Lagos Academy tupu ya na Sporting Lagos malite ọrụ ọkachamara ya. Harcourt meriri asọmpị mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Naijiria n'afọ 2025, wee bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta ga-anọchi anya Naịjirịa. Ọ bụkwa onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt na 21 Ọktoba 2009 na Umunteke-Asa, [[Ukwa West]], Abia State, Nigeria . &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria’s AFCON U20 hero|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=16 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sampson|first=Orji|title=From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON|url=https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Infonews|date=May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya bụ Ifeanyi Harcourt, onye na-enye ndị na-edebe goolu ọzụzụ maka klọb bọọlụ Naijiria [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Harcourt sonyeere Sporting Lagos Academy mgbe ọ dị afọ iri. Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Nigeria Nationwide League . &lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Areo|first=Samuel|title=NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw|url=https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=ACLSports|date=29 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harcourt meriri Gothia Cup na academy na 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|title=Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/|accessdate=22 December 2025|date=26 September 2025|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, Harcourt gbara bọọlụ nke mbụ ya na Sporting Lagos na Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Areo|first=Samuel|title=NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw|url=https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=ACLSports|date=29 November 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAreo2025&quot;&gt;Areo, Samuel (29 November 2025). [https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/ &quot;NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw&quot;]. ''ACLSports''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251224161555/https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/ Archived] from the original on 24 December 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A họpụtara ya maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Nigeria na-erubeghị afọ 20 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise ma bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na-egwu na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.  Na nkeji iri na ise, Harcourt zọpụtara penariti abụọ na mmeri Nigeria meriri ndị na-agbachitere Senegal, na-eru eru Nigeria maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke 2025 FIFA U-20. N'ime egwuregwu ise, ọ debere mpempe akwụkwọ atọ dị ọcha wee merie ihe mgbaru ọsọ abụọ n'oge oge,  na-akpọ aha na CAF Best XI maka asọmpi  ma na-adọta mmasị site na Nigeria Premier Football League na ndị otu mba ndị ọzọ.

Harcourt zọpụtara penalty na ọgụ ya na Niger na ọkara ikpeazụ nke 2025 WAFU Zone B U-20 Championship, na-enye aka na mmeri Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Abel|first=Kelechi|title=Flying Eagles Keeper Ebenezer Harcourt Reflects on WAFU U-20 Semi Final|url=https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/news/interviews/flying-eagles-keeper-ebenezer-harcourt-reflects-on-wafu-u-20-semi-final/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Football in Nigeria|date=21 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ivory Coast meriri Naijiria site na 1-0 na ngwụcha, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ n'efu.&lt;ref name=&quot;paf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Olsson|first=Andrew|title=WAFU U-20: Ivory Coast pounce on late mistake to emerge as champions|url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/wafu-u-20-ivory-coast-pounce-on-late-mistake-to-emerge-as-champions/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Pan-Africa Football|date=24 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tupu 2025 FIFA U-20 World Cup, Premier League club Manchester United zigara ndị scout ka ha nyochaa Harcourt na Chile &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|title=Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/|accessdate=22 December 2025|date=26 September 2025|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIkhazuagbe2025&quot;&gt;Ikhazuagbe, Duro (26 September 2025). [https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/ &quot;Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile&quot;]. ''[[This Day]]''. Apapa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250928110112/https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/ Archived] from the original on 28 September 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na ''ESPN'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu Naijiria ise ga-ele anya na asọmpi ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;sportsration&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Manchester United scouts watch Nigeria’s teenage goalkeeper Harcourt|url=https://sportsration.com/manchester-united-scouts-watch-nigerias-teenage-goalkeeper-harcourt/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=SportsRation|date=25 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Udoh|first=Colin|title=Nigeria's Terrific Teens – Five Flying Eagles players to watch at the FIFA U-20 World Cup|url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/46418758/nigeria-terrific-teens-five-flying-eagles-players-watch-fifa-u-20-world-cup|accessdate=22 December 2025|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=29 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harcourt meriri n'egwuregwu mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Naịjirịa n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2025, na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha na mmeri 2-0 ha meriri Congo na Group D nke asọmpi mba Afrịka nke afọ 2024 iji bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị ọhụrụ na-anọchite anya ndị otu Naịjiria na afọ iri na ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;ats&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=CHAN 2024 : 15-Year-Old Ebenezer Harcourt Makes History with Clean Sheet|url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/08/20/chan-2024-15-year-old-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-history-with-clean-sheet/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Africa Top Sports|date=20 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenation&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oguntade|first=Victor|title=Harcourt reflects on dream  Super Eagles’ debut at 2024 CHAN|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/harcourt-reflects-on-dream-super-eagles-debut-at-2024-chan/|accessdate=23 December 2025|date=22 August 2025|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ aha Harcourt na ndị otu Eric Chelle maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa megide Rwanda na South Africa na Septemba.&lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot; /&gt;

Ndị nkuzi Harcourt na Sporting Lagos Academy toro echiche ya na nkà na ụzụ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot; /&gt;Otu onye nduzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kwuru na Harcourt zụrụ n'ụzọ siri ike na ebumnuche.&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt; Infonews kwuru na ụkpụrụ ọrụ ya bụ ihe mere a kpọrọ ya ozugbo na otu mba U20.&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt;

ESPN akọwaala Harcourt dị ka onye nwere obi ike na onye dị egwu, &lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot; /&gt; CAF, &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria’s AFCON U20 hero|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=16 May 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/ &quot;Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria's AFCON U20 hero&quot;]. ''[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]''. [[Confederation of African Football]]. 16 May 2025. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251110082133/https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/ Archived] from the original on 10 November 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na Infonews, &lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sampson|first=Orji|title=From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON|url=https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Infonews|date=May 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSampson2025&quot;&gt;Sampson, Orji (May 2025). [https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html &quot;From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON&quot;]. ''Infonews''. Owerri. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251224160631/https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html Archived] from the original on 24 December 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; onye ikike na echiche ya dị ka ndị okenye, ndị nwere ahụmahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot; /&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko FA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|[[Sporting Lagos F.C.|Egwuregwu Lagos]]
|2025–26
|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa
|7
|0
|1
|0
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!7
!0
!1
!0
!8
!0
!
|}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 19 August 2025]]&lt;ref name=&quot;soccerway&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ebenezer Harcourt Stats |url=https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=22 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224162511/https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |archive-date=24 December 2025 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2025
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!1
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Egwuregwu Lagos'''

* Iko Gothia: 2024

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* U-20 Africa Cup of Nations CAF Best XI: 2025

'''Ihe ndekọ'''

* Onye egwuregwu kachasị nta [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba]]: afọ 15
* 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị nta: afọ 15

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>gk28p6tmtvxuxz6v366uiwrkkioslx0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672716</id>
      <parentid>672715</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T18:53:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>672716</origin>
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'''Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2009) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu maka klọb Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa Sporting Lagos na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

A mụrụ Harcourt na Umunteke-Asa, Ukwa West na Abia State, Nigeria. Ọ gbara bọọlụ ntorobịa na Sporting Lagos Academy tupu ya na Sporting Lagos malite ọrụ ọkachamara ya. Harcourt meriri asọmpị mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Nai&lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot; /&gt;jiria n'afọ 2025, wee bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta ga-anọchi anya Naịjirịa. Ọ bụkwa onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt na 21 Ọktoba 2009 na Umunteke-Asa, [[Ukwa West]], Abia State, Nigeria . &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria’s AFCON U20 hero|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=16 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sampson|first=Orji|title=From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON|url=https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Infonews|date=May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya bụ Ifeanyi Harcourt, onye na-enye ndị na-edebe goolu ọzụzụ maka klọb bọọlụ Naijiria [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Harcourt sonyeere Sporting Lagos Academy mgbe ọ dị afọ iri. Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Nigeria Nationwide League . &lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Areo|first=Samuel|title=NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw|url=https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=ACLSports|date=29 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harcourt meriri Gothia Cup na academy na 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|title=Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/|accessdate=22 December 2025|date=26 September 2025|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, Harcourt gbara bọọlụ nke mbụ ya na Sporting Lagos na Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Areo|first=Samuel|title=NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw|url=https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=ACLSports|date=29 November 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAreo2025&quot;&gt;Areo, Samuel (29 November 2025). [https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/ &quot;NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw&quot;]. ''ACLSports''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251224161555/https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/ Archived] from the original on 24 December 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A họpụtara ya maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Nigeria na-erubeghị afọ 20 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise ma bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na-egwu na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.  Na nkeji iri na ise, Harcourt zọpụtara penariti abụọ na mmeri Nigeria meriri ndị na-agbachitere Senegal, na-eru eru Nigeria maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke 2025 FIFA U-20. N'ime egwuregwu ise, ọ debere mpempe akwụkwọ atọ dị ọcha wee merie ihe mgbaru ọsọ abụọ n'oge oge,  na-akpọ aha na CAF Best XI maka asọmpi  ma na-adọta mmasị site na Nigeria Premier Football League na ndị otu mba ndị ọzọ.

Harcourt zọpụtara penalty na ọgụ ya na Niger na ọkara ikpeazụ nke 2025 WAFU Zone B U-20 Championship, na-enye aka na mmeri Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Abel|first=Kelechi|title=Flying Eagles Keeper Ebenezer Harcourt Reflects on WAFU U-20 Semi Final|url=https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/news/interviews/flying-eagles-keeper-ebenezer-harcourt-reflects-on-wafu-u-20-semi-final/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Football in Nigeria|date=21 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ivory Coast meriri Naijiria site na 1-0 na ngwụcha, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ n'efu.&lt;ref name=&quot;paf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Olsson|first=Andrew|title=WAFU U-20: Ivory Coast pounce on late mistake to emerge as champions|url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/wafu-u-20-ivory-coast-pounce-on-late-mistake-to-emerge-as-champions/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Pan-Africa Football|date=24 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tupu 2025 FIFA U-20 World Cup, Premier League club Manchester United zigara ndị scout ka ha nyochaa Harcourt na Chile &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|title=Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/|accessdate=22 December 2025|date=26 September 2025|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIkhazuagbe2025&quot;&gt;Ikhazuagbe, Duro (26 September 2025). [https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/ &quot;Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile&quot;]. ''[[This Day]]''. Apapa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250928110112/https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/ Archived] from the original on 28 September 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na ''ESPN'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu Naijiria ise ga-ele anya na asọmpi ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;sportsration&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Manchester United scouts watch Nigeria’s teenage goalkeeper Harcourt|url=https://sportsration.com/manchester-united-scouts-watch-nigerias-teenage-goalkeeper-harcourt/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=SportsRation|date=25 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Udoh|first=Colin|title=Nigeria's Terrific Teens – Five Flying Eagles players to watch at the FIFA U-20 World Cup|url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/46418758/nigeria-terrific-teens-five-flying-eagles-players-watch-fifa-u-20-world-cup|accessdate=22 December 2025|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=29 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harcourt meriri n'egwuregwu mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Naịjirịa n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2025, na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha na mmeri 2-0 ha meriri Congo na Group D nke asọmpi mba Afrịka nke afọ 2024 iji bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị ọhụrụ na-anọchite anya ndị otu Naịjiria na afọ iri na ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;ats&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=CHAN 2024 : 15-Year-Old Ebenezer Harcourt Makes History with Clean Sheet|url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/08/20/chan-2024-15-year-old-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-history-with-clean-sheet/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Africa Top Sports|date=20 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenation&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oguntade|first=Victor|title=Harcourt reflects on dream  Super Eagles’ debut at 2024 CHAN|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/harcourt-reflects-on-dream-super-eagles-debut-at-2024-chan/|accessdate=23 December 2025|date=22 August 2025|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ aha Harcourt na ndị otu Eric Chelle maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa megide Rwanda na South Africa na Septemba.&lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot; /&gt;

Ndị nkuzi Harcourt na Sporting Lagos Academy toro echiche ya na nkà na ụzụ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot; /&gt;Otu onye nduzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kwuru na Harcourt zụrụ n'ụzọ siri ike na ebumnuche.&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt; Infonews kwuru na ụkpụrụ ọrụ ya bụ ihe mere a kpọrọ ya ozugbo na otu mba U20.&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt;

ESPN akọwaala Harcourt dị ka onye nwere obi ike na onye dị egwu, &lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot; /&gt; CAF,  na Infonews, &lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sampson|first=Orji|title=From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON|url=https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Infonews|date=May 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSampson2025&quot;&gt;Sampson, Orji (May 2025). [https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html &quot;From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON&quot;]. ''Infonews''. Owerri. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251224160631/https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html Archived] from the original on 24 December 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; onye ikike na echiche ya dị ka ndị okenye, ndị nwere ahụmahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot; /&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko FA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|[[Sporting Lagos F.C.|Egwuregwu Lagos]]
|2025–26
|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa
|7
|0
|1
|0
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!7
!0
!1
!0
!8
!0
!
|}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 19 August 2025]]&lt;ref name=&quot;soccerway&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ebenezer Harcourt Stats |url=https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=22 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224162511/https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |archive-date=24 December 2025 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2025
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!1
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Egwuregwu Lagos'''

* Iko Gothia: 2024

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* U-20 Africa Cup of Nations CAF Best XI: 2025

'''Ihe ndekọ'''

* Onye egwuregwu kachasị nta [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba]]: afọ 15
* 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị nta: afọ 15

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>79vif3m9o8elcpw1gs63a9wbt0csgun</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672717</id>
      <parentid>672716</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T18:54:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Johnnybam</username>
        <id>24488</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>672717</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10221" sha1="1dh9bg682e1hsz5igl1cbwklftsco7k" xml:space="preserve">
'''Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2009) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu maka klọb Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa Sporting Lagos na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

A mụrụ Harcourt na Umunteke-Asa, Ukwa West na Abia State, Nigeria. Ọ gbara bọọlụ ntorobịa na Sporting Lagos Academy tupu ya na Sporting Lagos malite ọrụ ọkachamara ya. Harcourt meriri asọmpị mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Nai&lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot; /&gt;jiria n'afọ 2025, wee bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta ga-anọchi anya Naịjirịa. Ọ bụkwa onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt na 21 Ọktoba 2009 na Umunteke-Asa, [[Ukwa West]], Abia State, Nigeria . &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria’s AFCON U20 hero|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=16 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sampson|first=Orji|title=From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON|url=https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Infonews|date=May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya bụ Ifeanyi Harcourt, onye na-enye ndị na-edebe goolu ọzụzụ maka klọb bọọlụ Naijiria [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] . 

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Harcourt sonyeere Sporting Lagos Academy mgbe ọ dị afọ iri. Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Nigeria Nationwide League . &lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Areo|first=Samuel|title=NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw|url=https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=ACLSports|date=29 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harcourt meriri Gothia Cup na academy na 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|title=Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/|accessdate=22 December 2025|date=26 September 2025|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, Harcourt gbara bọọlụ nke mbụ ya na Sporting Lagos na Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Areo|first=Samuel|title=NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw|url=https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=ACLSports|date=29 November 2025}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAreo2025&quot;&gt;Areo, Samuel (29 November 2025). [https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/ &quot;NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw&quot;]. ''ACLSports''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251224161555/https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/ Archived] from the original on 24 December 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A họpụtara ya maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Nigeria na-erubeghị afọ 20 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise ma bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na-egwu na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.  Na nkeji iri na ise, Harcourt zọpụtara penariti abụọ na mmeri Nigeria meriri ndị na-agbachitere Senegal, na-eru eru Nigeria maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke 2025 FIFA U-20. N'ime egwuregwu ise, ọ debere mpempe akwụkwọ atọ dị ọcha wee merie ihe mgbaru ọsọ abụọ n'oge oge,  na-akpọ aha na CAF Best XI maka asọmpi  ma na-adọta mmasị site na Nigeria Premier Football League na ndị otu mba ndị ọzọ.

Harcourt zọpụtara penalty na ọgụ ya na Niger na ọkara ikpeazụ nke 2025 WAFU Zone B U-20 Championship, na-enye aka na mmeri Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Abel|first=Kelechi|title=Flying Eagles Keeper Ebenezer Harcourt Reflects on WAFU U-20 Semi Final|url=https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/news/interviews/flying-eagles-keeper-ebenezer-harcourt-reflects-on-wafu-u-20-semi-final/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Football in Nigeria|date=21 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ivory Coast meriri Naijiria site na 1-0 na ngwụcha, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ n'efu.&lt;ref name=&quot;paf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Olsson|first=Andrew|title=WAFU U-20: Ivory Coast pounce on late mistake to emerge as champions|url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/wafu-u-20-ivory-coast-pounce-on-late-mistake-to-emerge-as-champions/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Pan-Africa Football|date=24 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tupu 2025 FIFA U-20 World Cup, Premier League club Manchester United zigara ndị scout ka ha nyochaa Harcourt na Chile &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|title=Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/|accessdate=22 December 2025|date=26 September 2025|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIkhazuagbe2025&quot;&gt;Ikhazuagbe, Duro (26 September 2025). [https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/ &quot;Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile&quot;]. ''[[This Day]]''. Apapa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250928110112/https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/ Archived] from the original on 28 September 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na ''ESPN'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu Naijiria ise ga-ele anya na asọmpi ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;sportsration&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Manchester United scouts watch Nigeria’s teenage goalkeeper Harcourt|url=https://sportsration.com/manchester-united-scouts-watch-nigerias-teenage-goalkeeper-harcourt/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=SportsRation|date=25 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Udoh|first=Colin|title=Nigeria's Terrific Teens – Five Flying Eagles players to watch at the FIFA U-20 World Cup|url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/46418758/nigeria-terrific-teens-five-flying-eagles-players-watch-fifa-u-20-world-cup|accessdate=22 December 2025|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=29 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harcourt meriri n'egwuregwu mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Naịjirịa n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2025, na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha na mmeri 2-0 ha meriri Congo na Group D nke asọmpi mba Afrịka nke afọ 2024 iji bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị ọhụrụ na-anọchite anya ndị otu Naịjiria na afọ iri na ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;ats&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=CHAN 2024 : 15-Year-Old Ebenezer Harcourt Makes History with Clean Sheet|url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/08/20/chan-2024-15-year-old-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-history-with-clean-sheet/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Africa Top Sports|date=20 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenation&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oguntade|first=Victor|title=Harcourt reflects on dream  Super Eagles’ debut at 2024 CHAN|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/harcourt-reflects-on-dream-super-eagles-debut-at-2024-chan/|accessdate=23 December 2025|date=22 August 2025|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ aha Harcourt na ndị otu Eric Chelle maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa megide Rwanda na South Africa na Septemba.&lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot; /&gt;

Ndị nkuzi Harcourt na Sporting Lagos Academy toro echiche ya na nkà na ụzụ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot; /&gt;Otu onye nduzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kwuru na Harcourt zụrụ n'ụzọ siri ike na ebumnuche.&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt; Infonews kwuru na ụkpụrụ ọrụ ya bụ ihe mere a kpọrọ ya ozugbo na otu mba U20.

ESPN akọwaala Harcourt dị ka onye nwere obi ike na onye dị egwu, &lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot; /&gt; CAF,  na Infonews,  &lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt;onye ikike na echiche ya dị ka ndị okenye, ndị nwere ahụmahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot; /&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko FA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|[[Sporting Lagos F.C.|Egwuregwu Lagos]]
|2025–26
|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa
|7
|0
|1
|0
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!7
!0
!1
!0
!8
!0
!
|}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 19 August 2025]]&lt;ref name=&quot;soccerway&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ebenezer Harcourt Stats |url=https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=22 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224162511/https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |archive-date=24 December 2025 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2025
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!1
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Egwuregwu Lagos'''

* Iko Gothia: 2024

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* U-20 Africa Cup of Nations CAF Best XI: 2025

'''Ihe ndekọ'''

* Onye egwuregwu kachasị nta [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba]]: afọ 15
* 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị nta: afọ 15

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2009) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu maka klọb Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa Sporting Lagos na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

A mụrụ Harcourt na Umunteke-Asa, Ukwa West na Abia State, Nigeria. Ọ gbara bọọlụ ntorobịa na Sporting Lagos Academy tupu ya na Sporting Lagos malite ọrụ ọkachamara ya. Harcourt meriri asọmpị mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Nai&lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot; /&gt;jiria n'afọ 2025, wee bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta ga-anọchi anya Naịjirịa. Ọ bụkwa onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt na 21 Ọktoba 2009 na Umunteke-Asa, [[Ukwa West]], Abia State, Nigeria . &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria’s AFCON U20 hero|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=16 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sampson|first=Orji|title=From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON|url=https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Infonews|date=May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya bụ Ifeanyi Harcourt, onye na-enye ndị na-edebe goolu ọzụzụ maka klọb bọọlụ Naijiria [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] . 

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Harcourt sonyeere Sporting Lagos Academy mgbe ọ dị afọ iri. Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Nigeria Nationwide League . &lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Areo|first=Samuel|title=NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw|url=https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=ACLSports|date=29 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harcourt meriri Gothia Cup na academy na 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|title=Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/|accessdate=22 December 2025|date=26 September 2025|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, Harcourt gbara bọọlụ nke mbụ ya na Sporting Lagos na Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A họpụtara ya maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Nigeria na-erubeghị afọ 20 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise ma bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na-egwu na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.  Na nkeji iri na ise, Harcourt zọpụtara penariti abụọ na mmeri Nigeria meriri ndị na-agbachitere Senegal, na-eru eru Nigeria maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke 2025 FIFA U-20. N'ime egwuregwu ise, ọ debere mpempe akwụkwọ atọ dị ọcha wee merie ihe mgbaru ọsọ abụọ n'oge oge,  na-akpọ aha na CAF Best XI maka asọmpi  ma na-adọta mmasị site na Nigeria Premier Football League na ndị otu mba ndị ọzọ.

Harcourt zọpụtara penalty na ọgụ ya na Niger na ọkara ikpeazụ nke 2025 WAFU Zone B U-20 Championship, na-enye aka na mmeri Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Abel|first=Kelechi|title=Flying Eagles Keeper Ebenezer Harcourt Reflects on WAFU U-20 Semi Final|url=https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/news/interviews/flying-eagles-keeper-ebenezer-harcourt-reflects-on-wafu-u-20-semi-final/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Football in Nigeria|date=21 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ivory Coast meriri Naijiria site na 1-0 na ngwụcha, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ n'efu.&lt;ref name=&quot;paf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Olsson|first=Andrew|title=WAFU U-20: Ivory Coast pounce on late mistake to emerge as champions|url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/wafu-u-20-ivory-coast-pounce-on-late-mistake-to-emerge-as-champions/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Pan-Africa Football|date=24 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tupu 2025 FIFA U-20 World Cup, Premier League club Manchester United zigara ndị scout ka ha nyochaa Harcourt na Chile &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|title=Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/|accessdate=22 December 2025|date=26 September 2025|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIkhazuagbe2025&quot;&gt;Ikhazuagbe, Duro (26 September 2025). [https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/ &quot;Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile&quot;]. ''[[This Day]]''. Apapa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250928110112/https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/ Archived] from the original on 28 September 2025&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;22 December&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; na ''ESPN'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu Naijiria ise ga-ele anya na asọmpi ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;sportsration&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Manchester United scouts watch Nigeria’s teenage goalkeeper Harcourt|url=https://sportsration.com/manchester-united-scouts-watch-nigerias-teenage-goalkeeper-harcourt/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=SportsRation|date=25 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Udoh|first=Colin|title=Nigeria's Terrific Teens – Five Flying Eagles players to watch at the FIFA U-20 World Cup|url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/46418758/nigeria-terrific-teens-five-flying-eagles-players-watch-fifa-u-20-world-cup|accessdate=22 December 2025|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=29 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harcourt meriri n'egwuregwu mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Naịjirịa n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2025, na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha na mmeri 2-0 ha meriri Congo na Group D nke asọmpi mba Afrịka nke afọ 2024 iji bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị ọhụrụ na-anọchite anya ndị otu Naịjiria na afọ iri na ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;ats&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=CHAN 2024 : 15-Year-Old Ebenezer Harcourt Makes History with Clean Sheet|url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/08/20/chan-2024-15-year-old-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-history-with-clean-sheet/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Africa Top Sports|date=20 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenation&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oguntade|first=Victor|title=Harcourt reflects on dream  Super Eagles’ debut at 2024 CHAN|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/harcourt-reflects-on-dream-super-eagles-debut-at-2024-chan/|accessdate=23 December 2025|date=22 August 2025|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ aha Harcourt na ndị otu Eric Chelle maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa megide Rwanda na South Africa na Septemba.&lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot; /&gt;

Ndị nkuzi Harcourt na Sporting Lagos Academy toro echiche ya na nkà na ụzụ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot; /&gt;Otu onye nduzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kwuru na Harcourt zụrụ n'ụzọ siri ike na ebumnuche.&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt; Infonews kwuru na ụkpụrụ ọrụ ya bụ ihe mere a kpọrọ ya ozugbo na otu mba U20.

ESPN akọwaala Harcourt dị ka onye nwere obi ike na onye dị egwu, &lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot; /&gt; CAF,  na Infonews,  &lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt;onye ikike na echiche ya dị ka ndị okenye, ndị nwere ahụmahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot; /&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko FA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|[[Sporting Lagos F.C.|Egwuregwu Lagos]]
|2025–26
|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa
|7
|0
|1
|0
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!7
!0
!1
!0
!8
!0
!
|}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 19 August 2025]]&lt;ref name=&quot;soccerway&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ebenezer Harcourt Stats |url=https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=22 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224162511/https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |archive-date=24 December 2025 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2025
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!1
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Egwuregwu Lagos'''

* Iko Gothia: 2024

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* U-20 Africa Cup of Nations CAF Best XI: 2025

'''Ihe ndekọ'''

* Onye egwuregwu kachasị nta [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba]]: afọ 15
* 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị nta: afọ 15

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2009) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka Onye na-edebe goolu maka klọb Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa Sporting Lagos na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

A mụrụ Harcourt na Umunteke-Asa, Ukwa West na Abia State, Nigeria. Ọ gbara bọọlụ ntorobịa na Sporting Lagos Academy tupu ya na Sporting Lagos malite ọrụ ọkachamara ya. Harcourt meriri asọmpị mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Nai&lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot; /&gt;jiria n'afọ 2025, wee bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta ga-anọchi anya Naịjirịa. Ọ bụkwa onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Ebenezer Ifeanyi Harcourt na 21 Ọktoba 2009 na Umunteke-Asa, [[Ukwa West]], Abia State, Nigeria . &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Teenage wall: How 15-Year-Old Harcourt became Nigeria’s AFCON U20 hero|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-u-20-africa-cup-of-nations/news/teenage-wall-how-15-year-old-harcourt-became-nigeria-s-afcon-u20-hero/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=[[U-20 Africa Cup of Nations]]|publisher=[[Confederation of African Football]]|date=16 May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sampson|first=Orji|title=From Umunteke-Asa Ukwa West To Stardom: Enwereuzo Harcourt's Heroic Outing For Nigeria @ U-20 AFCON|url=https://www.infonews.com.ng/2025/05/from-umunteke-asa-ukwa-west-to-stardom.html|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Infonews|date=May 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya bụ Ifeanyi Harcourt, onye na-enye ndị na-edebe goolu ọzụzụ maka klọb bọọlụ Naijiria [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] . 

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Harcourt sonyeere Sporting Lagos Academy mgbe ọ dị afọ iri. Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Nigeria Nationwide League . &lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Areo|first=Samuel|title=NNL: Ebenezer Harcourt makes Sporting debut in home draw|url=https://www.aclsports.com/nnl-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-sporting-debut-in-home-draw/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=ACLSports|date=29 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Harcourt meriri Gothia Cup na academy na 2024. &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ikhazuagbe|first=Duro|title=Manchester Utd to Spy on Ebenezer as Flying Eagles Land in Chile|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/manchester-utd-to-spy-on-ebenezer-as-flying-eagles-land-in-chile/|accessdate=22 December 2025|date=26 September 2025|work=[[This Day]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2025, Harcourt gbara bọọlụ nke mbụ ya na Sporting Lagos na Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
A họpụtara ya maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Nigeria na-erubeghị afọ 20 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise ma bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kacha nta na-egwu na 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations.  Na nkeji iri na ise, Harcourt zọpụtara penariti abụọ na mmeri Nigeria meriri ndị na-agbachitere Senegal, na-eru eru Nigeria maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa nke 2025 FIFA U-20. N'ime egwuregwu ise, ọ debere mpempe akwụkwọ atọ dị ọcha wee merie ihe mgbaru ọsọ abụọ n'oge oge,  na-akpọ aha na CAF Best XI maka asọmpi  ma na-adọta mmasị site na Nigeria Premier Football League na ndị otu mba ndị ọzọ.

Harcourt zọpụtara penalty na ọgụ ya na Niger na ọkara ikpeazụ nke 2025 WAFU Zone B U-20 Championship, na-enye aka na mmeri Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Abel|first=Kelechi|title=Flying Eagles Keeper Ebenezer Harcourt Reflects on WAFU U-20 Semi Final|url=https://www.footballinnigeria.com.ng/news/interviews/flying-eagles-keeper-ebenezer-harcourt-reflects-on-wafu-u-20-semi-final/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Football in Nigeria|date=21 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ivory Coast meriri Naijiria site na 1-0 na ngwụcha, ebe ọ gbara bọọlụ n'efu.&lt;ref name=&quot;paf&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Olsson|first=Andrew|title=WAFU U-20: Ivory Coast pounce on late mistake to emerge as champions|url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/wafu-u-20-ivory-coast-pounce-on-late-mistake-to-emerge-as-champions/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Pan-Africa Football|date=24 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tupu 2025 FIFA U-20 World Cup, Premier League club Manchester United zigara ndị scout ka ha nyochaa Harcourt na Chile  &lt;ref name=&quot;thisday&quot; /&gt;na ''ESPN'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu Naijiria ise ga-ele anya na asọmpi ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;sportsration&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Manchester United scouts watch Nigeria’s teenage goalkeeper Harcourt|url=https://sportsration.com/manchester-united-scouts-watch-nigerias-teenage-goalkeeper-harcourt/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=SportsRation|date=25 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Udoh|first=Colin|title=Nigeria's Terrific Teens – Five Flying Eagles players to watch at the FIFA U-20 World Cup|url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/46418758/nigeria-terrific-teens-five-flying-eagles-players-watch-fifa-u-20-world-cup|accessdate=22 December 2025|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=29 September 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Harcourt meriri n'egwuregwu mbụ ya na ndị otu mba Naịjirịa n'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2025, na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha na mmeri 2-0 ha meriri Congo na Group D nke asọmpi mba Afrịka nke afọ 2024 iji bụrụ onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị ọhụrụ na-anọchite anya ndị otu Naịjiria na afọ iri na ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;ats&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=CHAN 2024 : 15-Year-Old Ebenezer Harcourt Makes History with Clean Sheet|url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/08/20/chan-2024-15-year-old-ebenezer-harcourt-makes-history-with-clean-sheet/|accessdate=22 December 2025|work=Africa Top Sports|date=20 August 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;thenation&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oguntade|first=Victor|title=Harcourt reflects on dream  Super Eagles’ debut at 2024 CHAN|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/harcourt-reflects-on-dream-super-eagles-debut-at-2024-chan/|accessdate=23 December 2025|date=22 August 2025|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ aha Harcourt na ndị otu Eric Chelle maka asọmpi iko mba ụwa megide Rwanda na South Africa na Septemba.&lt;ref name=&quot;acl&quot; /&gt;

Ndị nkuzi Harcourt na Sporting Lagos Academy toro echiche ya na nkà na ụzụ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;caf&quot; /&gt;Otu onye nduzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ kwuru na Harcourt zụrụ n'ụzọ siri ike na ebumnuche.&lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt; Infonews kwuru na ụkpụrụ ọrụ ya bụ ihe mere a kpọrọ ya ozugbo na otu mba U20.

ESPN akọwaala Harcourt dị ka onye nwere obi ike na onye dị egwu, &lt;ref name=&quot;espn&quot; /&gt; CAF,  na Infonews,  &lt;ref name=&quot;infonews&quot; /&gt;onye ikike na echiche ya dị ka ndị okenye, ndị nwere ahụmahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;fin&quot; /&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko FA
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|[[Sporting Lagos F.C.|Egwuregwu Lagos]]
|2025–26
|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa
|7
|0
|1
|0
|8
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!7
!0
!1
!0
!8
!0
!
|}

=== Mba Nile ===
[[w:updated|match played 19 August 2025]]&lt;ref name=&quot;soccerway&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ebenezer Harcourt Stats |url=https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=22 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251224162511/https://www.soccerway.com/player/harcourt-ebenezer/lhHUE0s0/ |archive-date=24 December 2025 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2025
|1
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!1
!0
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Egwuregwu Lagos'''

* Iko Gothia: 2024

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* U-20 Africa Cup of Nations CAF Best XI: 2025

'''Ihe ndekọ'''

* Onye egwuregwu kachasị nta [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba]]: afọ 15
* 2025 U-20 Africa Cup of Nations onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị nta: afọ 15

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>6t2mgqe8shajy0a005nbsnarl2woxle</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>William Troost-Ekong</title>
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'''William''' '''Paul Troost-Ekong''' MFR MON (amụrụ n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 1993) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agbachitere ndị otu Qatar Stars League Al-Ahli . A mụrụ ya na Netherlands, ọ bụ onyeisi [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ Dutch na Naijiria, Troost-Ekong ruru eru maka Netherlands na Naijeria na mba ụwa. O mere nke mbụ ya maka Naịjirịa n'afọ 2015 ma kemgbe ahụ enwetala ihe karịrị 80 caps.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Troost-Ekong gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Hockerill Anglo-European College na Bishop's Stortford, na England. Ọ gbara bọọlụ na ọkwa ndị ntorobịa na England maka Fulham na Tottenham Hotspur, &lt;ref name=&quot;scotsman&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/latest/celtic-eye-groningen-defender-william-troost-ekong-1-3716896|title=Celtic eye Groningen defender William Troost-Ekong|date=12 March 2015|accessdate=28 July 2015|publisher=The Scotsman|archivedate=24 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924153036/http://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/latest/celtic-eye-groningen-defender-william-troost-ekong-1-3716896}}&lt;/ref&gt; Troost-Ekong malitere ọrụ ya dị elu na Netherlands na FC Groningen na FC Dordrecht. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vi.nl/spelers/carriere/william-troostekong.htm|title=Profile|accessdate=28 July 2015|language=nl|publisher=Voetbal International|archivedate=7 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707155156/http://www.vi.nl/spelers/carriere/william-troostekong.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ejikọtara ya na mba ofesi na Celtic n'etiti ndị ọzọ, ọ bịanyere aka na klọb Belgian KAA Gent na July 2015 ma gbazinye ya ozugbo na klọbu Norwegian FK Haugesund. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/33691115|title=Nigerian defender William Troost-Ekong joins Gent|date=28 July 2015|accessdate=28 July 2015|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|publisher=BBC Sport|archivedate=29 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729121200/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/33691115}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Julaị 2017, Troost-Ekong bịanyere aka na klọb Turkish Süper Lig Bursaspor . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bursaspor.org.tr/bs//haber?id=22822/07/07/2017/william_troost-ekong_ile_her_konuda_anlasma_saglandi|title=Bursaspor Kulübü Resmi İnternet Sitesi|language=tr|work=www.bursaspor.org.tr|accessdate=8 July 2017|archivedate=15 June 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615214255/https://www.bursaspor.org.tr/bs//haber?id=22822%2F07%2F07%2F2017%2Fwilliam_troost-ekong_ile_her_konuda_anlasma_saglandi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, Troost-Ekong sonyeere klọb Udinese nke Serie A nke Ịtali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://m.tuttomercatoweb.com/udinese/?action=read&amp;idtmw=1146988|accessdate=17 August 2018|title=UFFICIALE: Udinese, ingaggiato Troost-Ekong|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge izizi ya na Serie A, ọ pụtara 35 league ma debanye aha ugboro anọ, nyere Udinese aka ruo n'ọnọdụ nke iri na abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.completesports.com/troost-ekong-positive-on-udinese-future-after-escaping-relegation/|title=Troost-Ekong Positive On Udinese Future After Escaping Relegation|date=27 March 2019|accessdate=4 August 2019|work=[[Complete Sports]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ọzọ, Udinese mechara nke iri na atọ, ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere akara abụọ ọzọ. N'agbanyeghị mkpọsa egwuregwu na-adịghị mma nke otu ahụ, Troost-Ekong malitere (ma kpọọ nkeji iri itoolu zuru ezu) na mmeri a na-agaghị echefu echefu megide AC Milan na Juventus n'oge abụọ ya na Le ''Zebrette''.

Na 29 Septemba 2020, Troost-Ekong bịanyere aka na EFL Championship nke Watford na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta afọ ise. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mysportdab.com/2020/09/watford-sign-nigerian-footballer-troost-ekong-from-udinese/|title=Troost-Ekong Joins Watford|publisher=MySportDab|date=30 September 2020|accessdate=30 September 2020|archivedate=22 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022002539/https://www.mysportdab.com/2020/09/watford-sign-nigerian-footballer-troost-ekong-from-udinese/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara goolu mbụ ya maka klọb ahụ na mmeri 3-2 megide Coventry City na 7 Nọvemba 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54758042|title=Watford 3–2 Coventry|publisher=BBC|date=7 November 2020|accessdate=7 November 2020|archivedate=7 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107124554/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54758042}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 24 Jenụwarị 2023, Troost-Ekong bịanyere aka na klọb Serie A Salernitana na mgbazinye ego na nhọrọ ịzụta na ngwụcha oge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Adetunji|first=Joshua|date=24 January 2023|title=Troost-Ekong confirms Watford departure|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/64388018|accessdate=2023-01-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 4 Julaị 2023, ọ sonyeere klọb Super League Greece PAOK na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide maka mbufe n'efu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.paokfc.gr/en/news/20230704-paiktis-tou-paok-o-william-troost-ekong/|title=William Troost-Ekong joins PAOK|date=4 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2024, Troost-Ekong sonyeere klọb Al-Kholood nke Saudi Arabia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=تروست القائد الدولي الثامن في &quot;روشن&quot;|url=https://arriyadiyah.com/847622}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 20 Jenụwarị 2026, Troost-Ekong sonyeere otu Qatar Stars League Al-Ahli na mbufe n'efu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=الأهلي يتعاقد مع المدافع النيجيري ويليام ايكونغ لموسم ونصف|url=https://alahlisc.qa/202526023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
[[Faịlụ:William_troostekong-1439281002.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ọzụzụ Troost-Ekong na [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]] na 2015]]
A mụrụ Troost-Ekong na Netherlands n'aka nne Dutch, Eleanore Troost na nna Naijiria. O nwere ụmụnne abụọ, Emily na Everest.

Mgbe ọ nọchitere anya Netherlands na ndị na-eto eto n'okpuru afọ 19 na ndị na'n'okpuru afọ 20, &lt;ref name=&quot;scotsman&quot; /&gt;Troost-Ekong mechara họrọ ịnọchite anya [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]. O mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa maka Super Eagles na 13 June 2015, na-egwu nkeji 90 na egwuregwu AFCON na Chad. 

Ọ malitere ugboro atọ maka ndị otu okenye na 2016 tupu a họpụta ya maka ndị otu Naịjirịa na-erubeghị afọ iri abụọ na atọ na ndị otu ha dị iri atọ na ise maka Rio 2016 Summer Olympics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36623763|title=Kelechi Iheanacho included in Nigeria's Olympics squad|date=24 June 2016|accessdate=25 June 2016|author=Oluwashina Okeleji|publisher=BBC Sport|archivedate=24 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024130341/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36623763}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2018, a kpọrọ aha ya n'ime ndị otu iri abụọ na atọ nke Naijiria maka 2018 FIFA World Cup na Russia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Crawford|first=Stephen|title=Revealed: Every World Cup 2018 squad – Final 23-man lists|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/revealed-every-world-cup-2018-squad-23-man-preliminary-lists/oa0atsduflsv1nsf6oqk576rb|work=Goal|accessdate=16 July 2019|date=4 June 2018|archivedate=15 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515135659/https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/revealed-every-world-cup-2018-squad-23-man-preliminary-lists/oa0atsduflsv1nsf6oqk576rb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kpọrọ Troost-Ekong aha na ndị otu mmadụ iri abụọ na atọ nke mba ahụ maka 2019 Africa Cup of Nations, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria: Super Eagles' Team List for Afcon 2019|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201906120056.html|accessdate=21 July 2019|work=Vanguard (Nigeria)|publisher=All Africa|date=11 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe o meriri na nkeji iri asatọ na itoolu megide South Africa iji zipụ ndị otu ya na ọkara ikpeazụ n'ụzọ na-aga n'ọkwa nke atọ.

Ọ bụ onyeisi ndị Super Eagles na 2021 Africa Cup of Nations, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Afcon should '100% be more respected'|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/59908935|accessdate=2022-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma kpọọ aha ya na asọmpi ahụ Technical Study Group's Best XI of the Group Stage, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-01-23|title=Moses, Troost-Ekong among Africa's Best 11 At AFCON|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/sport/moses-troost-ekong-among-africas-best-11-at-afcon/|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-emeri Guinea-Bissau.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=William Troost-Ekong Game by Game Stats and Performance|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/matches/_/id/191507|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=ESPN|language=en|archivedate=22 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222170913/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/matches/_/id/191507}}&lt;/ref&gt; Naịjirịa gara n'ihu bụrụ onye Tunisia kụrụ n'agba na-esote.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-01-23|title=Afcon last 16: Tunisia stun 10-man Nigeria after Burkina Faso beat Gabon|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/jan/23/burkina-faso-gabon-tunisia-nigeria-africa-cup-of-nations-match-report|accessdate=2022-02-22|work=The Guardian|language=en|archivedate=22 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222170918/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/jan/23/burkina-faso-gabon-tunisia-nigeria-africa-cup-of-nations-match-report}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ntozu nke Iko Mbaụwa nke 2022 agba nke atọ, o meriri penariti n'asọmpi nke abụọ megide Ghana, bụ nke kwụsịrị na ọkpụ 1-1 na mmeri na iwu mgbaru ọsọ pụọ; ya mere, mba ya eruteghị asọmpi isi na Qatar.

Na 29 Disemba 2023, a kpọrọ Troost-Ekong n'ime ndị otu nwoke iri abụọ na ise maka iko mba Afrịka nke 2023 na Ivory Coast. Ọ tụgharịrị penariti na mmeri 1–0 na asọmpi otu nke abụọ megide Ivory Coast. N'asọmpi nke ọkara nke ikpeazụ megide South Africa, ọ meriri penariti ọzọ iji nye ndị otu ya ụzọ n'ọkpụkpụ 1-1, tupu ọ gbaa akara n'oge agbapụ nke kwụsịrị na mmeri 4-2. O mechara nye goolu mbụ n'asọmpi ikpeazụ megide Ivory Coast nke kwụsịrị na mmeri 2–1. Ka o sina dị, o jisiri ike nweta ihe nrite onye ọkpụkpọ egwuregwu

Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ise ọ gbara na Africa Cup of Nations setịpụrụ ndekọ ọhụrụ maka ọtụtụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke onye na-agbachitere na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke asọmpi ahụ, karịa akara Stephen Keshi nwere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Oyebola|first=Mike|date=2024-02-12|title=AFCON 2023: Troost-Ekong makes history in Super Eagles' defeat to Cote d'Ivoire|url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/02/12/afcon-2023-troost-ekong-makes-history-in-super-eagles-defeat-to-cote-divoire/|accessdate=2024-02-17|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iffhs.com/posts/3407|title=NEW RECORD IN AFRICA|publisher=IFFHS|date=13 February 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 4 Disemba 2025, Troost-Ekong kwupụtara ezumike nká ya na bọọlụ mba ụwa na Naịjirịa, izu ole na ole tupu iko mba Afrịka nke afọ 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africa.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/47209158/super-eagles-captain-william-troost-ekong-retirement-afcon-blow-nigeria|title=Super Eagles captain William Troost-Ekong's retirement before AFCON is a blow for Nigeria|publisher=ESPN|date=5 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

William guzobere Troost-Ekong Foundation, otu na-enweghị uru nke ebumnuche ya bụ inye ndị ntorobịa Naijiria na Afrịka ike site na bọọlụ na agụmakwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Chima|first=Naomi|date=2024-07-20|title=Super Eagles captain, Troost-Ekong, unveils foundation with novelty match|url=https://punchng.com/super-eagles-captain-troost-ekong-unveils-foundation-with-novelty-match/|accessdate=2025-01-29|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ibeh|first=Ifeanyi|date=2024-05-21|title=Super Eagles captain Troost-Ekong launches foundation|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/super-eagles-captain-troost-ekong-launches-foundation/|accessdate=2025-01-29|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2025, AF Global Football malitere William Troost-Ekong Scholarship Award, asọmpi agụmakwụkwọ ndị ntorobịa na-agba ọsọ site na ikpo okwu aiScout nke na-enye ebe obibi ego zuru oke n'otu n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị isi ya na UK.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=William Troost-Ekong Scholarship Award|url=https://www.afglobal.football/william-troost-ekong-award|accessdate=19 December 2025|work=AF Global Football}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
[[w:updated|match played 9 January 2026]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/william-ekong/218093/|title=W. Troost-Ekong|website=Soccerway|access-date=15 August 2021|archive-date=12 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612065939/https://int.soccerway.com/players/william-ekong/218093/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ[b]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Groningen
|2013–14
|Eredivisie
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Dordrecht (onye a gbazitere) 
|2013–14
|Nkewa nke Eerste
|10
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1[c]
|0
|11
|0
|-
|2014–15
|Eredivisie
|22
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|23
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!32
!0
!1
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!1
!0
!34
!0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Haugesund (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2015
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị Elite na-anọghị n'ọkwa
|13
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|13
|0
|-
|2016
|24
|3
|4
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|28
|4
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!37
!3
!4
!1
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!41
!4
|-
|Gent
|2016–17
|Belgian Pro League
|8
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Bursaspor
|2017–18
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Süper Lig
|27
|2
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|2
|-
|2018–19
|1
|1
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|1
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!28
!3
!4
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!32
!3
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Udinese
|2018–19
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Usoro A
|35
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|35
|0
|-
|2019–20
|30
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!65
!0
!1
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!66
!0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Watford
|2020–21
|Mmeri
|32
|1
|1
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|33
|1
|-
|2021–22
|Njikọ Premier
|17
|0
|1
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|18
|0
|-
|2022–23
|Mmeri
|15
|1
|1
|0
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|17
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!64
!2
!3
!0
!1
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!68
!2
|-
|Salernitana (onye a gbazitere) 
|2022–23
|Usoro A
|9
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |PAOK
|2023–24
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Njikọ Super Gris
|10
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|12[d]
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|22
|0
|-
|2024–25
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[e]
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!10
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!14
!1
!0
!0
!24
!1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Al-Kholood
|2024–25
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Saudi Pro League
|32
|2
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|33
|2
|-
|2025–26
|13
|0
|3
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|16
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!45
!2
!4
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!49
!2
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!300
!11
!17
!1
!1
!0
!14
!1
!1
!0
!333
!13
|}
 1 me[[w:updated|match played 13 November 2025]]&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2015
|4
|0
|-
|2016
|5
|0
|-
|2017
|7[a]
|0
|-
|2018
|12
|1
|-
|2019
|14
|1
|-
|2020
|3
|0
|-
|2021
|8
|0
|-
|2022
|10
|2
|-
|2023
|0
|0
|-
|2024
|12
|3
|-
|2025
|7
|1
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!82
!8
|}
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ depụtara ihe mgbaru ọsọ Naịjirịa na mbụ, kọlụm akara na-egosi akara mgbe Troost-Ekong ọ bụla gasịrị.''

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa nke William Troost-Ekong gbara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mba.
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ụbọchị
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Onye mmegide
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ihe ruru
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Nsonaazụ
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Ịsọ mpi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|28 Mee 2018
|[[Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium]], Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| DR Congo
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|10 Julaị 2019
|Cairo International Stadium, Cairo, Egypt
| South Africa
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2019
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
|19 Jenụwarị 2022
|Roumdé Adjia Stadium, Garoua, Cameroon
| Guinea-Bissau
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2021
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4
|29 Machị 2022
|Moshood Abiola National Stadium, [[Abuja]], Nigeria
| Ghana
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
|2022 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |5
|18 Jenụwarị 2024
|Alassane Ouattara Stadium, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| Ivory Coast
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2023
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6
|7 Febụwarị 2024
|Stade de la Paix, Bouaké, Ivory Coast
| South Africa
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1-1 (e.g.) 
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2023
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7
|11 Febụwarị 2024
|Alassane Ouattara Stadium, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| Ivory Coast
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–2
|Iko Mba Afrịka nke 2023
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |8
|10 Ọktoba 2025
|Peter Mokaba Stadium, Polokwane, South Africa
| Lesotho
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
|2026 FIFA World Cup iru eru
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''PAOK'''

* Super League Greece: 2023-24&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gazzetta.gr/football/superleague/2335593/paok-4h4-kai-12-4-os-aoytsainter-apo-75-68-ekane-78-80|title=ΠΑΟΚ 4Χ4 και... 1, 2, 4 ως αουτσάιντερ: από 75–68 το έκανε 78–80!|work=Gazzetta|accessdate=19 May 2024|language=el|date=19 May 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Naịjirịa U23'''

* Ihe nrite ọla nchara nke Olimpik: 2016

'''Naịjirịa'''

* Onye nke abụọ na Africa Cup of Nations: 2023; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Rob|date=11 February 2024|title=Nigeria 1–2 Ivory Coast|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=BBC Sport|archivedate=12 February 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212182429/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68196261}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke atọ: 2019 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/football/49022063|title=Africa Cup of Nations third-place play-off – Tunisia 0–1 Nigeria – Live – BBC Sport|publisher=BBC Sport|date=17 July 2019|accessdate=20 July 2019|archivedate=17 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717234341/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/football/49022063}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Onye ọ bụla'''

* Onye egwuregwu nke asọmpi iko mba Afrịka: 2023&lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 February 2024|title=TotalEnergies CAF AFCON Cote d'Ivoire 2023 Awards|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-africa-cup-of-nations/news/totalenergies-caf-afcon-cote-d-ivoire-2023-awards/|accessdate=12 February 2024|work=CAF|language=|archivedate=12 February 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212210051/https://www.cafonline.com/caf-africa-cup-of-nations/news/totalenergies-caf-afcon-cote-d-ivoire-2023-awards/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Africa Cup of Nations Team nke asọmpi ahụ: 2023 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=14 February 2024|title=CAF TSG Group releases TotalEnergies CAF Africa Cup of Nation Cote d'Ivoire 2023 Best XI|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-africa-cup-of-nations/news/caf-tsg-group-releases-totalenergies-caf-africa-cup-of-nation-cote-d-ivoire-2023-best-xi/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214121627/https://www.cafonline.com/caf-africa-cup-of-nations/news/caf-tsg-group-releases-totalenergies-caf-africa-cup-of-nation-cote-d-ivoire-2023-best-xi/|archivedate=14 February 2024|accessdate=14 February 2024|work=CAF Online|publisher=Confederation of African Football}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Iwu'''

* Onye otu Order of the Niger &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2024-02-13|title=Afcon: Ivory Coast and Nigeria players get cash, villas and honours|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68286543|accessdate=2024-02-24|work=[[BBC News]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Faịlụ:Order_of_the_Niger_civil_division_ribbon.svg|60x60px]]

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
[[w:|Al Ahli SC (Doha) squad]]
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    <title>Élise Fischer</title>
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'''Élise Fischer''' (13 Julaị 1948 - 25 Disemba 2023) bụ onye edemede, onye nta akụkọ na onye edemede akụkọ si Lorraine, onye France..

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Élise Fischer na Champigneulles, Meurthe-et-Moselle na 13 Julaị 1948, ada nke nna Lorraine na nne si Alsace.

N'afọ 1984 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ maka utu aha abụọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Ndị Kraịst, France catholique  na Panorama [fr], kamakwa maka Radio Notre-Dame [fr]. O mechara mepụta ma kwado mmemme edemede Au fil des pages na [[RCF (radio)|RCF]].

Fischer na otu Bayard Presse rụrụ ọrụ site na 1992. N'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, e dere ọtụtụ edemede gbasara ikike ụmụaka. Na 2007, ọ laghachiri Lorraine wee biri ebe ahụ.

Fischer nwụrụ na 25 Disemba 2023, mgbe ọ dị afọ 75. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=L'autrice lorraine Elise Fischer est décédée|url=https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/culture-loisirs/l-autrice-lorraine-elise-fischer-est-decedee-6451347|accessdate=25 December 2023|publisher=France Bleu|date=25 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* 1988: ''Ụmụaka nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ'', Fayard
* 1989: ''Ọkụ n'oge ọ bụ nwata'', Fayard
* 1998: La Colère de Mouche, mbipụta Mazarine
* 2000: Mazarine, nke a na-akparaghị ókè
* 2000: ''Mkpụrụ osisi apụl ga-abụ nke a ma ama n'afọ a'', Mazarine
* 2001: ''Ndị eze nwanyị atọ maka otu okpueze'', Presses de la CitéỤlọ obibi akwụkwọ nke obodo ahụ
* 2002: ''Ịhụnanya Ikpeazụ nke Ọgọstọs'', Fayard
* 2003: Les Alliances de cristal, Presses de la Cité
* 2003: Otu ''Obere square silk'', Fayard
* 2004: Mysterious Manon, Presses de la Cité
* 2005: Nous, les derniers mineurs: l'épopée des Gueules noires, hors collection (na mmekorita ya na Camille Oster) 
* 2005: Le Soleil des mineurs, Presses de la Cité
* 2006: L'Enfant perdu des Philippines, Collection Sud Lointain, Presses de la Cité
* 2006: ''Ụgbala maara'', Presses de la Cité
* 2007: ''Kpọọ m Jeanne'', Fayard
* 2007: Le Roman de la Place Stanislas, Place Stanisles mbipụta
* 2008: ''Lorraine n'etiti ''. ''Njem n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na ala'', Place Stanislas Éditions
* 2008: Nkwupụta nke Adrian the Colporteur, Presses de la Cité
* 2008: Ọchịchị dị n'ezie, Fayard
* 2009: ''Mgbe m toro'', Fayard
* 2009: Le Secret du Pressoir, Presses de la Cité
* 2010: Sous les mirabelliers, Presses de la Cité
* 2010: ''Agbamakwụkwọ nke Marie-Victoire'', Calmann-Lévy
* 2010: Le Rêve de la Grenouille, Presses de la Cité
* 2011: Anya mmiri na olile anya na Geneviève Senger, Presses de la Cité
* 2012: Les Amours de la Grenouille, Presses de la cité
* 2013: Au danger de la vérité, Presses de la Cité
* 2013: M ga-egwuri egwu maka anyị, Calmann-Lévy
* 2014: Nwanne nwanyị nke Russia, Ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ nke obodo
* 2014: Villa Sourire, Calmann-Lévy
* 2015: Ọdịnihu dị ịtụnanya nke Marie, Calmann-Lévy
* 2016: ''Ogige Petronille'', Calmann-Lévy
* 2016: On the Fil, Presses de la Cité

=== Akwụkwọ maka ndị ntorobịa ===

* 2008: Ogbugbu na Village du Livre, Oxalide.
* 2012: Madeleine na nri ikpeazụ nke Eze Stanislas, ihe osise Amélie Dufour, Feuilles de mint, nchịkọta tii aux histoires
* 2013: Ọ bụrụ na a kọọrọ m bergamot: sun, ihe osise Jude Leppo, Le Verger des Hespérides

=== Na mmekorita ===

* 1991: Pour les enfants du monde, ọrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke prọfesọ Alexandre Minkowski, Éditions n°1/UNICEF/MPLEM
* 2003: L'Appel de Lunéville: Pour la Résurrection du Versailles lorrain, ọrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke François Moulin na Michel Vagner, mbipụta nke Est Républicain/La Nuée Bleue 
* 2007: ''Okwu ndị edemede - La Lorraine -'' Foto Pascal Bodez, ọrụ mkpokọta na nkwado nke Conseil Régional de Lorraine, Serge Domini, onye nchịkọta akụkọ
* 2009: Les plus belles Saint-Nicolas en Lorraine, n'okpuru nduzi nke Marie-Hélène Colin, Place Stanislas éditions
* 2009: Les plus beaux Noëls d'Alsace, n'okpuru nduzi nke Michel Loetscher, Place Stanislas éditions
* 2010: Si Champigneulles m'était conté, parwork duziri site na 11th-grade scholl of Champigneullas, Le Verger des Hespérides éditions

[[Faịlụ:Elise_Fischer_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_octobre_2014.jpg|thumb|Fischer na 2014]]

== Ihe ndị e ji mara ya ==

* 2001: Akwụkwọ ọla edo nke obodo Nancy maka L'Inaccomplie''Ihe Ndị Na-erughị''
* 2004: Ihe nrite nke Association Le printemps du Livre lorrain maka Mystérieuse Manon''Manon Dị Iche Iche''
* 2005: Ihe nrite nke ndị ndụmọdụ ukwu nke mpaghara Lorraine maka Le soleil des Mineurs''Anyanwụ Ndị Na-egwupụta Ihe''
* 2005: Ihe nrite Victor Hugo maka Le soleil des Mineurs''Anyanwụ Ndị Na-egwupụta Ihe''
* 2007: Nkwupụta pụrụ iche nke ihe nrite nke ndị edemede kwere ekwe maka ''Kpọọ m Jeanne''
* 2010: Ihe nrite Prouvé nke Nancy maka Mgbe m ga-adị ukwuu''Mgbe m toro''

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Michel Caffier, ''Dictionnaire des littératures de Lorraine'', Serpenoise, 2003, p. 383  

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Commons category|Élise Fischer}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170202045312/http://www.babelio.com/auteur/Elise-Fischer/21882 Élise Fischer] na Babelio
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170502154228/http://calmann-levy.fr/auteurs/elise-fischer/ Élise Fischer] na Calmann-Lévy
* [http://www.ecrivosges.com/auteurs/bio_bibli.php?id=3934&amp;id_bio=2994&amp;Id_Pseudo=0&amp;operateur=one&amp;recherche=fischer&amp;biosearch=Bio Rịba ama na saịtị ÉcriVosges]
* [https://www.imaginales.fr/elise-fischer/ Élise Fischer] na Imaginales
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170202050251/http://salon-litteraire.linternaute.com/fr/interviews/content/1937679-interview-elise-fischer-l-etrange-destin-de-marie-l-histoire-de-celle-qui-sauva-celui-qui-l-avait-sa &lt;nowiki&gt;Ajụjụ ọnụ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]&lt;/nowiki&gt;]
* [http://www.pressesdelacite.com/auteur/elise-fischer Élise Fischer] na Presses de la Cité
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044559/http://www.ricochet-jeunes.org/auteurs/recherche/10528-elise-fischer Élise Fischer] na Ricochet-Jeunes
{{Authority control}} 
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== Ọrụ ==

=== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ===

* 1987: Les Bâtards du soleil, [[Olivier Orban|mbipụta Orban]]
* 1991: La ''Galigai'', mbipụta Orban
* 1992: Ayez pitié du cœur des hommes, mbipụta Jean-Claude Lattès - Prix des libraires
* 1994: Soleils amers, mbipụta Jean-Claude Lattès
* 1996: Anyị ga-abụ dị ka chi, Albin Michel - Prix des Deux Magots na Prix Maurice Genevoix
* 1998: Le Soir et le Matin suivant, mbipụta Albin Michel
* 2001: Le Peseur d'âme, mbipụta Albin Michel
* 2006: La Trahison de l'ange, mbipụta Robert Laffont
* 2010: ''Nwoke a'', mbipụta Robert Laffont
* 2012: Le Roi des ombres, mbipụta Robert Laffont - Grand prix littéraire of the Académie nationale de pharmacie  (2013) 
* 2013: ''Nwatakịrị Eze'', Plon
* 2014: Joujou, mbipụta Robert Laffont
* 2015: Nous, Louis, roi, mbipụta L'Iconoclaste

=== Ihe odide ===

* 2000: Le Roi danse nke Gérard Corbiau (na njikọ aka ya na Gérard na Andrée Corbiau) 
* 2001: Rastignac ou les Ambitieux  (TV) nke Alain Tasma [fr] dere (na mmekorita ya na Natalie Carter) 
* 2010: L'École du pouvoir  (TV) nke Raoul Peck (na mmekorita ya na Didier Lacoste) 
* 2011: Fort comme la mort (TV) nke Gilles Banier

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20191020151205/http://salon-litteraire.linternaute.com/fr/interviews/content/1938858-interview-eve-de-castro-un-regard-different-sur-la-fin-de-louis-xiv ''Ajụjụ ọnụ. Ève de Castro: Echiche dị iche banyere njedebe nke Louis nke Iri na Anọ '']
* &quot;Nwatakịrị eze&quot;, nke Eve de Castro gbara ajụjụ ọnụ
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{{Infobox hospital|name=St John of God Hospital|org_group=&lt;!-- optional --&gt;|image=St John of God Hospital, Mabesseneh, Lunsar, Sierra Leone Exterior.jpg|caption=Main entrance|logo=|location=Mabesseneh, [[Lunsar]]|country=Sierra Leone|coordinates={{coord|8.7035|-12.5250|type:landmark_region:SL|display=it}}|funding=Non-profit|type=District|beds=100|emergency=Yes|founded=1964|closed=&lt;!-- optional --&gt;|website={{URL|http://www.stjohnofgodhospital.net}}|other_links=&lt;!-- optional --&gt;}}
[[Faịlụ:StJohnofGodHospital.Net.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|118x118px|Otu n'ime ụlọ ihe nkiri abụọ dị na St John of God Hospital, Sierra Leone]]
'''St. John of God Catholic Hospital''', also known as Mabessaneh Hospital,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200807040891.html|title=Sierra Leone: Nursing School for Mabessaneh Hospital|date=4 July 2008|accessdate=March 8, 2012|author=Sesay, Mansoh}}&lt;/ref&gt;bụ ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Mabesseneh, Lunsar, Sierra Leone. Ọ bụ Brothers Hospitallers nke St. John of God, otu nzukọ Katọlik mba ụwa na-achịkwa ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=St John of God Hospital|publisher=St John of God Hospital|url=http://www.stjohnofgodhospital.net/|accessdate=4 March 2012|archivedate=25 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625015538/http://www.stjohnofgodhospital.net/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Manson|first=Katrina|title=Sierra Leone|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|year=2009|pages=81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VxRcEzkFs-wC&amp;dq=%22St.+John+of+God+Hospital%22+sierra+leone&amp;pg=PA81|isbn=978-1-84162-222-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ na-abụghị nke okpukpe nwere ọtụtụ ngalaba, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ akụkụ a na-ahụkarị nke Healthcare na Sierra Leone, dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike, Paediatrics, Medical and Maternity, ndị ọzọ dị ka Emergency, Surgery, Pharmacy na Microbiology abụghị karịsịa na mpaghara, na mpụga isi obodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dioceseofmakeni.com/MAKENI%20dvd/diocese%20of%20makeni%20website/HEALTH/SAINT%20JOHN%20OF%20GOD%20CATHOLIC%20HOSPITAL%20LUNSAR.pdf|title=Leaflet on St John of God Hospital Sierra Leone|publisher=St John of God Hospital Sierra Leone|accessdate=March 8, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Gynecologic cytology at the Catholic Hospital St. John of God, Lunsar Sierra Leone|journal=Eur J Gynaecol Oncol|year=1983|issue=3|pages=198–200|pmid=6401031|volume=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nwere ọtụtụ njikọ na òtù ndị Europe. Ọ bụ naanị ụlọ ọgwụ Sierra Leone na-abụghị isi obodo Freetown nke nwere ngalaba microbiological nke German NGO GLOBOLAB e.V. na-achịkwa ma na-ejikọta ya na Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona. &lt;ref name=&quot;globlab&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.globolab.org/sierraleone.html|title=Das Projekt Sierra Leone|publisher=Globolab|accessdate=March 8, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;isa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.theisaproject.eu/2009/11/el-hospital-saint-john-of-god-de-sierra-leona-inicia-su-camino-en-el-proyecto-isa|title=El hospital Saint John of God de Sierra Leona inicia su camino en el Proyecto iSA|publisher=International Support Action: Collaborative Discussions of Complex Clinical Cases|date=October 2009|accessdate=March 8, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DBS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/6/10-0997_article.htm|title=Easy Diagnosis of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease|publisher=Centre of Disease Control and Prevention|date=June 2011|accessdate=March 8, 2012|pages=Letters}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* 2014 Ntiwapụ nje Ebola na Sierra Leone

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.stjohnofgod.org/sjog_missions.html Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ St. John of God Brothers]
* [http://www.apadrinauntractament.org/index_en.html Onye na-akwado Apadrina usoro ụmụaka maka ụlọ ọgwụ]
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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      <text bytes="13583" sha1="7q94tutkietr78icce0nsw7exls1ace" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox building
| name             = Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability (CIRS)
| image            = CIRS Building UBC.jpg
| caption          = The CIRS building
| address          = 2260 West Mall, [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Canada
| location_country = Canada
| coordinates      = {{Coord|49|15|43.1|N|123|15|11.68|W|type:landmark_region:CA-BC|display=inline,title}}
| construction_start_date = 2009
| completion_date  = August 2011
| architect        = Peter Busby of [[Perkins and Will]]
| owner            = [[University of British Columbia]]
| cost             = {{CA$|37 million}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=UBC opens North America's 'greenest' building to advance sustainability research and innovation|url=http://www.publicaffairs.ubc.ca/2011/11/03/ubc-opens-north-america%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98greenest%E2%80%99-building-to-advance-sustainability-research-and-innovation/|accessdate=29 April 2013|date=3 November 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628065406/http://www.publicaffairs.ubc.ca/2011/11/03/ubc-opens-north-america%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98greenest%E2%80%99-building-to-advance-sustainability-research-and-innovation/#|archive-date=2013-06-28|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| floor_count      = 4
| pushpin_map      = Canada
| building_type    = Offices, Lecture Hall
| elevator_count   = 
| structural_engineer = Fast + Epp
| main_contractor  = 
| developer        = (Conceived by John Robinson)
| website          = {{URL|http://cirs.ubc.ca/}}
}}
{{Reflist}}CIRS na-eji usoro nhazi nke na-ejikarị ikuku ikuku eke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ. E nwere ngwaọrụ abụọ na-ejikwa ikuku igwe na-enye ikuku a kpochara ọhụrụ: otu na nnukwu ụlọ nzukọ ahụ, nke ọzọ na-enye akụkụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ. Na mgbakwunye, enwere windo ndị a na-arụ ọrụ aka nke na-enye ohere maka ikuku na njikwa okpomọkụ. Sistemụ a na-ebelata oriri ik
Ebe a na-eme nnyocha mmekọrịta na nkwado (CIRS) dị na Mahadum nke British Columbia (UBC) Point Grey Campus dị na Vancouver. Ụlọ a raara nye maka mmekorita nyocha na mgbasa ozi gbasara nkwado obodo. E meghere ya n'ihu ọha na Nọvemba 2011.

.&lt;ref name=&quot;mvg&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cirs.ubc.ca/about/mission-vision-goals|title=Mission, Vision, Goals &amp;#124; Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability|accessdate=2013-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221143700/http://cirs.ubc.ca/about/mission-vision-goals|archivedate=2012-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọhụụ CIRS bụ ịbụ ụlọ kachasị ọhụrụ na North America na onye ndu a ma ama n'ụwa niile n'ịkwalite nnabata nke iwu ụlọ na omume obodo na-adịgide adịgide.

Ụfọdụ ihe ndị dị mkpa:

* 600 tọn nke carbon dioxide na-ejide n'ime ụlọ ahụ &lt;ref name=&quot;youtube&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dzNZO7WXBw4|title=UBC's Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability|author=The University of British Columbia|publisher=|accessdate=January 23, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ojiji eletrik nke ụlọ akwụkwọ belatara site na 275 megawatt-awa kwa afọ &lt;ref name=&quot;youtube&quot; /&gt;
* Mmiri 100% sitere na mmiri ozuzo&lt;ref name=&quot;youtube&quot; /&gt;
* Mmiri carbon dioxide nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na-ebelata site na tọn 150 kwa afọ &lt;ref name=&quot;youtube&quot; /&gt;

Ọ natara asambodo LEED Platinum site na Canada Green Building Council.&lt;ref name=&quot;CaGBC page&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=LEED Scorecard, Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability|url=http://cirs.ubc.ca/sites/cirs.ubc.ca/files/pageUploads/Scorecard-CIRS-LEED_Canada-NC-Scorecard-130912.pdf|publisher=[[Canada Green Building Council]]|date=September 12, 2013|accessdate=September 12, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* Mepụta ihe ngwọta teknụzụ a na-etinye n'ọrụ na ihe owuwu na imewe maka azụmahịa site na ndị mmekọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;mvg&quot;/&gt;
* Gwakọta ihe ọmụma ọkachamara na ụkpụrụ ọha na eze na mmasị na ịchọpụta ụzọ ndị na-eduga na ọha mmadụ na-adịgide adịgide.&lt;ref name=&quot;mvg&quot; /&gt;
* Na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị mmekọ nke onwe, ọha na eze na ndị na-abụghị nke gọọmentị iji mepụta iwu dị elu na mkpebi azụmaahịa maka mmepe obodo na-adịgide adịgide.&lt;ref name=&quot;mvg&quot; /&gt;
* Kụziere, zụọ ma gosipụta teknụzụ na ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide na omume nke mmepe obodo na-adịgidere. &lt;ref name=&quot;mvg&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ==

* Bụrụ onye ndu ụwa n'akụkụ atọ dị oke mkpa nke nyocha nkwado: teknụzụ, nkwurịta okwu, itinye aka na mgbanwe omume, na iwu na itinye ego.&lt;ref name=&quot;mvg&quot;/&gt;
* Mee ezigbo ọganihu na nkwado na mpaghara ahụ ma gbanwee ogige UBC ka ọ bụrụ ebe nnwale maka isi mmalite ike ọzọ, na teknụzụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;mvg&quot; /&gt;
* Bụrụ incubator maka teknụzụ nkwado ma nweta nnukwu ikike mbupụ iji banye n'ahịa ihe owuwu obodo zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ijeri dollar.&lt;ref name=&quot;mvg&quot; /&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Prọfesọ John Robinson chepụtara CIRC n'afọ 2000, Peter Busby chepụtara ya, onye bụkwa ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara imepụta ụlọ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ..&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;/&gt; Ha jikọrọ aka hazie ma gwa ndị nwere ike ịbụ ndị mmekọ okwu nke dugara na Alberto Cayuela, onye ọrụ Stantec na onye isi nchịkwa nke CIRS ugbu a, sonyeere ndị otu ahụ dị ka onye njikwa mmemme.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot; /&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;/&gt; Ozugbo e kpebiri ego na echiche ahụ, a họọrọ ebe ahụ. Na mbụ, a ga-ewu ya na kampus UBC Point Grey, mana, n'ihi na CIRS bụ ọrụ etiti ụlọ ọrụ (UBC na-edu ọrụ ahụ na njikọta na Mahadum Simon Fraser, BC Institute of Technology, na Mahadum Emily Carr nke Art + Design) e chere na kampus Great Northern Way ga-abụ ebe ka mma.N'ikwekọ n'echiche nke ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, ọnọdụ ọhụrụ ahụ ga-agbasawanye oke ya na obosara ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 2008, e mere mkpebi ịkwaga CIRS na UBC Point Grey campus n'ihi igbu oge na usoro iheomume nke ụlọ na Great Northern Campus.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/history|title=History &amp;#124; Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability|accessdate=2013-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221063617/http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/history|archivedate=2012-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na, ugbu a ọ bụ naanị otu ụlọ ọrụ (UBC) nwere CIRS, ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ nọgidere na-ekere òkè site n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot; /&gt;

Ihe owuwu ahụ malitere na 2009 site na igwu ala na ọrụ ntọala maka ọnwa isii mbụ na ụlọ ahụ na-agwụcha n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;/&gt;

== Uru iwu ụlọ ==

=== Usoro nhazi ===
E ji osisi rụọ CIRS ma na-enye ọtụtụ uru dịka ibelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, ịchịkọta carbon, inyere aka belata nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi, iweta okpomọkụ n'ime ụlọ ahụ, yana ime ka ìhè na ọdịdị ya dịkwuo mma..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/structural-systems#|title=Structural Systems &amp;#124; Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability|accessdate=2013-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221132359/http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/structural-systems#|archivedate=2012-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe owuwu ===
Ihe kachasị mkpa e ji mee ihe n'èzí bụ brik ọcha, ihe e ji ekpuchi windo doro anya, osisi, na simenti agba na-anọpụ iche. Uru ya bụ mbelata ihe 'red list', ime ka ikuku dị mma n'ime ụlọ ka mma, ibelata ihe mkpofu, na mbelata ikuku carbon e tinyere n'ime ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/building-materials#|title=Building Materials &amp;#124; Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability|accessdate=2013-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216140017/http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/building-materials#|archivedate=2013-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Usoro ike ===
CIRS na-enweta arụmọrụ ike dị mma ma belata ike UBC na-eji ihe karịrị 1 nde kilowatt awa kwa afọ. Usoro ike na-abara ọrụ ahụ uru site n'inye ntụnyere n'etiti usoro nhazi ike, na-enye ohere maka ohere ndị ọzọ maka nyocha na nyocha usoro, na-akpali ụzọ ọhụrụ maka inye / oriri ike, belata mkpa okpomọkụ na ikuku carbon nke ụlọ ndị agbata obi, ma na-enye damar maka mmụta na-aga n'ihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/energy-systems#|title=Energy Systems &amp;#124; Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability|accessdate=2013-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216140005/http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/energy-systems#|archivedate=2013-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Usoro mmiri ozuzo ===
CIRS bụ mmiri zuru oke site na ịnakọta mmiri ozuzo ma chekwaa ya na olulu mmiri dị mita 100 n'okpuru ụlọ ahụ. A na-ewe ihe dị ka lita mmiri ozuzo 1,226,000 n'afọ niile, na nkezi mkpa bụ lita 2000 kwa ụbọchị. Uru nke usoro mmiri ozuzo dị mma bụ na ọ na-eme ka a mara, na-akụziri ọha na eze banyere inye / oriri mmiri, na-ebelata mkpa mmiri ọṅụṅụ, na-akwalite njikwa mmiri ozuzo, ma na-enye isi iyi mmiri maka igbochi ọkụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/rainwater-system#|title=Rainwater System &amp;#124; Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability|accessdate=2013-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216135941/http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/rainwater-system#|archivedate=2013-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmiri e nwetara ===
Mmiri niile a na-enweta na-esite na ụlọ CIRS ma ọ bụ usoro nsị nke a na-edozi n'ebe ahụ site na iji usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri nsị nke Solar Aquatics ma jiri ya mee ihe ọzọ n'ụlọ ahụ maka ịsacha ụlọ mposi na ịgba mmiri n'elu ụlọ dị ndụ, ebe ndị mara mma na mgbidi dị ndụ. Isi uru nke usoro ọgwụgwọ a bụ ịmara na itinye aka na ọha na eze n'ile nkwado dị ka ihe kwere omume.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/reclaimed-water#|title=Reclaimed Water &amp;#124; Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability|accessdate=2013-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216135953/http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/reclaimed-water#|archivedate=2013-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ìhè ===
Obere ala na-enye ohere maka ìhè ehihie na ìhè ịbanye n'ụlọ ahụ site n'akụkụ abụọ. Uru ya bụ na ọ na-eme ka ahụike na ntụsara ahụ nke ndị bi na ya dịkwuo mma, na-emepụta oghere dị mma, na na-ebelata ojiji na ọnụahịa ike, ma na-enye ebe maka mkpụrụ ndụ photovoltaic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/lighting#|title=Lighting &amp;#124; Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability|accessdate=2013-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221132349/http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/lighting#|archivedate=2012-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmiri na-esi n'ikuku ===
.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/ventilation#|title=Ventilation &amp;#124; Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability|accessdate=2013-03-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221132404/http://cirs.ubc.ca/building/building-manual/ventilation#|archivedate=2012-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;CIRS na-eji usoro nhazi nke na-ejikarị ikuku ikuku eke na-adịghị arụ ọrụ. E nwere ngwaọrụ abụọ na-ejikwa ikuku igwe na-enye ikuku a kpochara ọhụrụ: otu na nnukwu ụlọ nzukọ ahụ, nke ọzọ na-enye akụkụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ. Na mgbakwunye, enwere windo ndị a na-arụ ọrụ aka nke na-enye ohere maka ikuku na njikwa okpomọkụ. Sistemụ a na-ebelata oriri ike, na-ejikọ ndị bi na ya na okike, ma na-eme ka ahụike ha ka mma.

== Nkwado ọha na eze ==
Ọtụtụ ndị amatala CIRS n'ihu ọha dị ka &quot;Ụlọ Greenest nke North America&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.thomasnet.com/green_clean/2011/12/05/university-of-british-columbia-claims-credit-for-north-americas-greenest-building/|title=University of British Columbia Claims Credit for 'North America's Greenest Building' &amp;#124; IMT Green &amp; Clean Journal|accessdate=2013-03-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317110349/http://news.thomasnet.com/green_clean/2011/12/05/university-of-british-columbia-claims-credit-for-north-americas-greenest-building/|archivedate=2013-03-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; na otu n'ime ụlọ ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.awaken.com/2012/09/five-of-the-greenest-buildings-in-the-world/|title=Five Of The Greenest Buildings In The World - Awaken|work=www.awaken.com|accessdate=January 23, 2019|archivedate=January 23, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123223513/http://www.awaken.com/2012/09/five-of-the-greenest-buildings-in-the-world/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge na-adịbeghị anya na 2013, CIRS meriri Green Building Award nke Wood WORKS nyere! BC Wood Design Awards.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.canadianarchitect.com/architecture/2013-bc-wood-design-awards-announced/1002120145/|title=2013 BC Wood Design Awards announced|date=4 March 2013|work=Canadian Architect|accessdate=January 23, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123223913/https://www.canadianarchitect.com/architecture/2013-bc-wood-design-awards-announced/1002120145/|archivedate=23 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Mmiri ozuzo na Canada

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Ụlọ Ọgwụ Metọdist nke Ganta United</title>
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! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Ganta]], Nimba County, [[Liberia]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Njikọ
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Ọrụ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Ngalaba mberede&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ee
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Akụkọ ihe mere eme
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1926
|}
Ganta United Methodist Hospital bụ ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Ganta, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Liberia]]. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na-ejere ndị bi na ya dị ihe dị ka 450,000 ozi na Liberia na mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ọ bụ Dr. George Way Harley na nwunye ya Winifred guzobere ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na 1926. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hospital History – Ganta United Methodist Hospital|url=https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=376|accessdate=2024-03-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321175041/https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=376}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250429113842/http://gantahospital.com/?page_id=376 &quot;Hospital History – Ganta United Methodist Hospital&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2024-03-21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ mechiri mgbe nnukwu mmebi site na mpụ na mwakpo rọket n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2003, mana meghere ya ọzọ na Machị 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2005-03-12|title=Help Revive Health Services at Ganta Hospital in Liberia|url=http://gbgm-umc.org/health/ganta/|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=General Board of Global Ministry|archivedate=2005-03-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312003607/http://gbgm-umc.org/health/ganta/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikike ==
Na afọ 2005, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ndị dọkịta abụọ, dọkịta anya, na dọkịta izugbe bụ́ ndị na-awa ahụ. Ọrụ ndị ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nyere gụnyere ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-anaghị aga ebe ọzọ, ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-amụ nwa, ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka, na ọrụ ụlọ nyocha. Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ Anya Project ya na ndị otu ndị na-aga ebe ahụ nwere jeep iji kpọta ndị ọrịa maka ịwa ahụ dịka iwepụ cataract.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Service Delivery Statistics – Ganta United Methodist Hospital|url=https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=2|accessdate=2024-03-21|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321175042/https://gantahospital.com/?page_id=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụ akụkụ nke ihe mgbagwoju anya nke gụnyere ebe a na-agwọ ọrịa [[Ekpenta]] na [[Ụkwara Nta|ụkwara nta]], ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ ọzụzụ ọrụ aka, na ugbo ngosi.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ na Liberia

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    <title>Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mba Simão Mendes</title>
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| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Bissau]], Guinea-Bissau
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! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụdị
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mba
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Ọrụ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Àkwà
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |ihe karịrị 500 (2018) 
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Njikọ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ndepụta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ụlọ ọgwụ na Guinea-Bissau
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National Hospital Simão Mendes bụ ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. Ọ dị n'akụkụ ebe a na-eli ozu. Aha ya bụ António Simões Mendes (1930–1966), nọọsụ a mụrụ na Canchungo nke gwọchara ndị agha PAICG n'oge Agha Nnwere Onwe, PIDE tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na 1961 ma gbuo ya na mwakpo ndị agha ikuku nke ndị Portugal na Febụwarị 1966.&lt;ref name=&quot;MendyJr.2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mendy|first=Peter Karibe|title=Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbJ8AQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA220|date=17 October 2013|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-8027-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1998, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere naanị ngalaba ụmụaka na mba ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Crowding and Health in Low-income Settlements of Guinea Bissau|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wa7IavTFR7wC&amp;pg=PA18|year=1998|publisher=UN-HABITAT|isbn=978-92-1-131361-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2009-2011, a rụzigharịrị ya nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;MendyJr.2013&quot; /&gt;Na afọ 2011, o nwere akwa 417 ma nye ọrụ ọkachamara iri abụọ na otu, nke ngalaba ọmụmụ nwa, ọgwụgwọ ụmụaka, ọgwụgwọ anya, radiology na ụlọ nyocha bụ ihe ndị a na-achọsi ike. N'oge ahụ, o nwere ndị dọkịta 41 na ndị nọọsụ 82.&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|pt}} [https://www.voaportugues.com/a/article-11-16-2011-bissau-hospital-133981103/1261620.html ''Hospital Simão Mendes é um pesadelo em Bissau''] Voa Notícias, 16 November 2011&lt;/ref&gt;. N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2016, e meghere ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ikuku oxygen na ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|pt}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20240520100144/https://www.radiosolmansi.net/index.php/Nacional/hospital-simao-mendes-ja-produziu-25-botijas-de-oxigenio.html ''Hospital Simão Mendes já produziu 25 botijas de oxigénio''] RadioSolMansi, 31 October 2016&lt;/ref&gt;. Na ngwụcha afọ 2018, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ihe karịrị àkwà 500, otu dọkịta bụkwa ọkachamara na ọrịa obi. Ogige ụmụaka nwere àkwà 158 ma nwee ndị dọkịta 9 na ndị nọọsụ 40.&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|pt}} [https://www.dw.com/pt-002/funcion%C3%A1rios-do-principal-hospital-de-bissau-suspendem-greve/a-46889901 ''Funcionários do principal hospital de Bissau suspendem greve''] Deutsche Welle, 28 December 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="4476" sha1="4z27d3lfz6o9efhv2knal9j4yqaqemw" xml:space="preserve">{{Hospital|name=Kibong'oto Infectious Diseases Hospital|org_group=Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elders and Children|address=Mae Street, Lamokaa Road Siha Kilimanjaro TZ, 25102, Tanzania|region=Kilimanjaro|country=Tanzania|funding=Public|speciality=Infectious Disease|opened=1926|former_names=Kibong'oto National Tuberculosis Hospital|website=http://kidh.go.tz/|beds=340}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
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|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-subheader category&quot; |Ministri nke Ahụike, Mmepe Obodo, Mmekọahụ, Ndị Okenye na Ụmụaka
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Ọdịdị ala
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Mae Street, Lamokaa Road Siha Kilimanjaro TZ, 25102, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
|-
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|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Àkwà
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |340
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Akụkọ ihe mere eme
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Aha mbụ&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mba nke Kibong'oto
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Emeghe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1926
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Njikọ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |http://kidh.go.tz/
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ndepụta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[List of hospitals in Tanzania|Ụlọ ọgwụ na Tanzania]]
|}
Kibong'oto Infectious Disease Hospital bụ ụlọ ọgwụ pụrụ iche nwere àkwà 340 na mpaghara Kilimanjaro, Tanzania . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ụlọ ọgwụ na-efe efe nke mba ahụ, na-agwọ ọrịa ụkwara nta na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche yana inye ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ ọrụ ụlọ ọgwụ. Ọ bụ Dr. Leonard Subi na-eduzi ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ dị ka onye nduzi na [[:sw:Atanasia Karoli|Atanasia Karoli]] dị ka onye isi nọọsụ nke ụlọ ọgwụ a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.michaeljournal.no/i/2019/09/Kibongoto-The-History-of-Global-Tuberculosis-Control-seen-through-Local-Archives|title=Tidsskriftet Michael: Kibong'oto: The History of Global Tuberculosis Control seen through Local Archives|accessdate=August 3, 2020|archivedate=July 14, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714152225/https://www.michaeljournal.no/i/2019/09/Kibongoto-The-History-of-Global-Tuberculosis-Control-seen-through-Local-Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dọkịta Britain bụ́ Dr. Normal Davies hiwere ụlọ ọgwụ a n'afọ 1926, nke mbụ dị ka ebe a na-agwọ ọrịa ụkwara nta, nke a họpụtara ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ ụkwara nta mpaghara maka Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka. Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ agbasaala ọrụ ya ma ugbu a ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ kachasị elu maka nlekọta ọrịa na-efe efe na mba ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=http://kidh.go.tz/about-us/|accessdate=2020-07-30|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-09-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911141939/http://kidh.go.tz/about-us}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-07-30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2020, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ malitere iwu ụlọ nyocha nke ọrịa nje nke a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ikike ụlọ ọgwụ nyochaa ma gwọọ ọrịa na-efe efe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ippmedia.com/en/news/kibong%E2%80%99oto-hospital-builds-modern-viral-infections-lab|title=Kibong'oto Hospital builds modern viral infections lab|accessdate=August 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202001280590.html|title=East Africa: Kibong Oto Hospital Eyes Expansion Into EA - allAfrica.com|accessdate=August 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="3736" sha1="c9hitgu53sb43s1or4f4uhu76fc1kds" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox hospital|name=Mater Dei Hospital|org_group=[[Franciscan Missionaries of the Divine Motherhood]]|logo=|logo_size=|image=|image_size=225|alt=|caption=|coordinates=&lt;!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|type:landmark|display=inline, title}} --&gt;{{coord|20|10|12|S|28|34|48|E|region:ZW|display=inline,title}}|location=[[Bulawayo]], Chesterton Rd|region=Bulawayo City|state=|country=Zimbabwe|healthcare=&lt;!-- UK: NHS; AU/CA: Medicare; ELSE free-form text, e.g. Private --&gt;|funding=Public|type=Community|affiliation=|patron=|network=|standards=|emergency=Yes|beds=169|speciality=|helipad=No|h1-number=|h1-length-f=|h1-length-m=|h1-surface=&lt;!-- up to h12 --&gt;|founded=&lt;!-- cite in article as well --&gt;1950s&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ledger-enquirer.com/news/local/article29303137.html|title=Establishment of Mater Dei hospital|website=Ledger Enquirer|access-date=1 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;|closed=|demolished=|website=&lt;!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} --&gt;|other_links=|module=}}
'''Ụlọ Ọgwụ ''Mater Dei'' (MDH) ''', [[Zimbabwe|A makwaara ya dị ka Mater Dei, bụ ụlọ ọgwụ ebere nke Katọlik hiwere nke na-enye ọrụ ahụike na ọrụ ọkachamara. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ ọha na eze dị na Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://zw.wowcity.com/bulawayo/bulawayo/gpid/103864894022726107892/mater-dei-hospital.htm|title=Hospitals in Bulawayo (Zimbabwe)|accessdate=1 December 2017|archivedate=1 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201133719/http://zw.wowcity.com/bulawayo/bulawayo/gpid/103864894022726107892/mater-dei-hospital.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mater Dei bụ nke otu ndị nlekọta nke gụnyere ndị ozi ala ọzọ Franciscan nke Divine Motherhood.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.zimbabweaidfund.co.uk/charities_mdh.html|title=Zimbabwe Aid Fund|work=ZAF UK|accessdate=1 December 2017|archivedate=24 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724084056/http://zimbabweaidfund.co.uk/charities_mdh.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mater Dei bụ nke ndị nọn Franciscan guzobere n'afọ 1950. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụike Katọlik nke ndị nlekọta na-eduzi.

A mụrụ [[Charlene, adaeze nke Monaco|Charlene]], Princess of Monaco, onye bụbu onye na-egwu mmiri Olympic na 1978 na Mater Dei . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Prinsloo|first=Arlene|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZySEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Charlene+mater+dei&amp;pg=PT22|title=Charlene: In Search of a Princess|date=2022-10-05|publisher=Jonathan Ball Publishers|isbn=978-1-77619-222-9|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọrụ ndị a na-enye n'ụlọ ọgwụ Mater Dei gụnyere:

* Ihe mberede na ọnọdụ mberede
* Ngalaba Nlekọta siri ike
* Otu na-adabere n'ike
* Ọgwụ ụmụaka
* Ịwa ahụ
* Ndị na-amụ nwa
* X-ray.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.zimbabweaidfund.co.uk/charities_mdh.html|title=Services at Mater Dei hospital|work=ZAF UK|accessdate=1 December 2017|archivedate=24 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724084056/http://zimbabweaidfund.co.uk/charities_mdh.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọmụmụ na ọnwụ ndị a ma ama ==

=== Ọmụmụ ===

* Charlene, Princess of Monaco Olympic swimmer na Princess of Monaco, 1978

=== Ọnwụ ===

* Fletcher Dulini Ncube onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, 2014
* Janet Banana Onye isi nwanyị nke Zimbabwe, 2021
* Simon Khaya Moyo onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Onye isi oche nke ZANU-PF, 2021
* Watson Khupe onye na-ahụ maka nkwarụ na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, 2022

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mathari</title>
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      <text bytes="4101" sha1="e46x7gzu51sifas0wosi9ypl4ybwo0o" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox hospital|name=Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital|org_group=|logo=|logo_size=|image=|image_size=225|alt=|caption=|coordinates={{coord|-1.259229|36.845459|type:landmark|display=inline, title}}|location=[[Mathare]] district, [[Nairobi]].|region=|state=|country=Kenya|healthcare=&lt;!-- UK: NHS; AU/CA: Medicare; ELSE free-form text, e.g. Private --&gt;|funding=|type=Specialist|religious_affiliation=|affiliation=|patron=|network=|standards=|emergency=|beds=700|speciality=[[Psychiatry]]|helipad=|h1-number=|h1-length-f=|h1-length-m=|h1-surface=&lt;!-- up to h12 --&gt;|former_names=|constructed=|opened=1901 &lt;!-- cite in article as well --&gt;|closed=|demolished=|website={{URL|matharihospital.go.ke}}|other_links=|module=}}
'''Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital''' bụ naanị ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-agwọ ọrịa uche ọha na eze (ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị) na Kenya. O nwere ike ibu ndị ọrịa 700 ma dị nso na mpaghara ndị ogbenye nke mpaghara Mathare nke Nairobi..&lt;ref name=&quot;Grohol&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Grohol|first=John M.|title=Locked up at Mathari Hospital: Mental Health Treatment Lags in Kenya|url=http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2013/05/28/locked-up-at-mathari-hospital-mental-health-treatment-lags-in-kenya/|work=World of Psychology|publisher=Psych Central|accessdate=14 April 2016|archivedate=5 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405120231/http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2013/05/28/locked-up-at-mathari-hospital-mental-health-treatment-lags-in-kenya/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hosi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hosi.co.ke/hospitals/mathari-national-teaching-referral-hospital/|title=Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital|work=Hospitals near you|accessdate=December 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mathari tọrọ ntọala na 1910 site n'aka ndị ọchịchị nke British Kenya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Njenga&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Njenga|first=Frank|title=Focus on psychiatry in East Africa|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|date=2002|volume=181|issue=4|pages=354–359|doi=10.1192/bjp.181.4.354|url=http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/181/4/354|accessdate=14 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; E megharịrị ebe a na-anọpụ iche maka ọrịa kịtịkpa ma ghọọ ebe mgbaba ndị na-arịa ọrịa na Nairobi Lunatic Asylum. E kewapụrụ ebe ndị ahụ na ndị ọrịa Afrịka, ndị mejupụtara 95% nke ndị ọrịa, ebe a na-edebe ha n'ọnọdụ kacha njọ. Ha bi n'ebe ndị mmadụ jupụtara na ya, bụ́ ebe obibi ọdịnala na Kenya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Njenga&quot; /&gt; Ihe owuwu ndị e nyere maka Ndị Eshia ka mma karịa na ọnọdụ kachasị mma maka Ndị Europe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Njenga&quot; /&gt; Ruo mgbe nnwere onwe, ndị isi mgbaka niile, ndị dọkịta na ndị nọọsụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụ ndị Europe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Njenga&quot; /&gt; Ụlọ ọgwụ Mathari bụ ụlọ ọrụ pụrụ iche maka ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike uche na mba Kenya. Ọ dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ Nairobi n'akụkụ ụzọ Nairobi-Thika. Ụlọ ọgwụ Mathari, nke nwere ike ihi ụra 700 (otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke bụ maka ụmụ nwanyị), bụ ụlọ ọgwụ psychiatric kachasị elu na Kenya, ọ bụkwa ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi na ntụgharị uche nke mba ahụ. Ụlọ ọgwụ a na-anabata ndị ọrịa nwere nsogbu uche siri ike bụ ndị na-enweghị ike ịkwụ ụgwọ ọrụ nkeonwe ma a na-ewere ha dị ka ndị na-enweghị nsogbu nke ukwuu ijikwa ha n'ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ n'obodo. Ebe a na-ejide ya bụ nnukwu obodo Nairobi ebe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị, yana gburugburu ime obodo na obodo ukwu dị nso na obodo ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mathari Mental Hospital {{!}} Department of Psychiatry|url=https://psychiatry.uonbi.ac.ke/node/853|work=psychiatry.uonbi.ac.ke|accessdate=2020-05-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* J. C. Carothers

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nyangabgwe</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn org&quot; |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nyangabgwe
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-subheader category&quot; |[https://web.archive.org/web/20171024133244/http://www.moh.gov.bw/ Ngalaba Ahụike nke Botswana]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:225px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:225px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:225px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Botswana_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|234x234px|Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital is located in Botswana]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:37.977%;left:78.762%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-4px;top:-4px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;Ebe dị na Botswana&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Ọdịdị ala
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Francistown, North East District, [[Botswana]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nyangabgwe_Referral_Hospital&amp;params=21_10_25_S_27_30_45_E_type:landmark &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;21°10′25′′S&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;27°30′45′′E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;/&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECC;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x7A;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x6E;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECD;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;21.17361°S 27.51250°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;﻿ / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;-21.17361; 27.51250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Nhazi
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Usoro nlekọta&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ndị mmadụ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụdị
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |Mpaghara Ukwu
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Mahadum jikọtara ya&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Enweghị
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Onye Nlekọta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Enweghị
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Ọrụ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Ngalaba mberede&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Awa 24
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Àkwà
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Àkwà 550
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Helipads
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Helipad
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Mba
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Akụkọ ihe mere eme
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1989
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Njikọ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Njikọ ndị ọzọ&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ na Botswana
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{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
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|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-subheader category&quot; |[https://web.archive.org/web/20171024133244/http://www.moh.gov.bw/ Ngalaba Ahụike nke Botswana]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:225px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:225px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:225px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Botswana_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|234x234px|Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital is located in Botswana]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:37.977%;left:78.762%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-4px;top:-4px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;Ebe dị na Botswana&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Ọdịdị ala
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Francistown, North East District, [[Botswana]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Nyangabgwe_Referral_Hospital&amp;params=21_10_25_S_27_30_45_E_type:landmark &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;21°10′25′′S&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;27°30′45′′E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;/&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECC;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x7A;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x6E;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECD;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;21.17361°S 27.51250°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;﻿ / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;-21.17361; 27.51250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Nhazi
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Usoro nlekọta&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ndị mmadụ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụdị
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |Mpaghara Ukwu
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Mahadum jikọtara ya&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Enweghị
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Onye Nlekọta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Enweghị
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Ọrụ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Ngalaba mberede&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Awa 24
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Àkwà
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Àkwà 550
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Helipads
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Helipad
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Mba
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Akụkọ ihe mere eme
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1989
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Njikọ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Njikọ ndị ọzọ&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ na Botswana
|}
Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital bụ ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Francistown, [[Botswana]], E guzobere ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na 1989.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments1/|title=Nyangabgwe Referral Hospital|accessdate=11 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E guzobere ụlọ ọgwụ Nyangabgwe Referral n'afọ 1989. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụike gọọmentị Botswana. Ụlọ ọgwụ a dị n'obodo nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na Botswana nke a na-akpọ Francistown. Nyangabgwe nwere akwa 550, (120-150) na ngalaba ọgwụ dị n'ime ụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.electives.net/hospital/3480/preview|title=Three major Referral hospitals in Botswana|work=Electives.net|accessdate=11 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; E jikọtara ya na usoro nchekwa data gọọmentị nke Botswana.

=== Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọgwụ ===
Ngalaba a na-eje ozi n'ọtụtụ ngalaba n'ụlọ ọgwụ site na ngalaba ahụike ụmụ nwoke, ngalaba ahụike nwanyị, ngalaba onwe onye na ngalaba nkewa.

== Ọrụ ==
Ngalaba mberede nke ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ awa iri abụọ na anọ nwere ike ilekọta ndị toro eto na ụmụaka. Ngalaba ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ gụnyere Ebe Mmezi Ahụike, ụlọ ahịa ọgwụ, ọgwụgwọ mgbochi ọrịa nje maka ndị nwere nje HIV na AIDS, ọrụ ndụmọdụ mgbe mmerụ ahụ gasịrị, ọrụ aka, ọrụ ịsa ákwà, ọrụ kichin na ebe a na-edebe ozu.

== Ihe owuwu ==
Ụlọ ọgwụ Nyangabgwe Referral nwere mgbakwunye, nke nwere ihe dị ka àkwà 550, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.electives.net/hospital/3480/preview|title=The Electives Network|accessdate=18 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ohere nwere ngwá ọrụ ahụike dị mkpa maka ịme usoro nyocha.

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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    <title>Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mba Nile</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="6294" sha1="sks8p71ob3p7j0heeo5tqum9vpjz5hj" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; {{Infobox hospital|name=Nile International Hospital|org_group=|image=|caption=|logo=|pushpin_map=Uganda&lt;!-- the name of a location map as per [[Template:Location map]] --&gt;|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Uganda
&lt;!-- Location ------------------&gt;|coordinates={{coord|0.4399|33.2185|format=dms|type:landmark_region:UG|display=inline,title}}|region=Masese Division -Jinja District|state=Eastern Region, Uganda|country=[[Uganda]]|healthcare=Private|type=General|specialty=Health Care|standards=&lt;!-- optional if no national standards --&gt;|emergency=|affiliation=|beds=35|founded=2015|closed=&lt;!-- optional --&gt;|website=Website [https://nih.co.ug/home]}}
'''Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mba Nile''' bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọgwụ kachasị ukwuu na [[Uganda]] ma bụrụkwa nke kachasị ukwuu na mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ọwụwa anyanwụ, Uganda. Ọ dị na Jinja City obodo nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na-esote Kampala na Uganda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nile International Hospital: About Us|url=https://nih.co.ug/about-us/|accessdate=2021-06-02|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ dị na Uganda gụnyere Mulago National Referral Hospital, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://health.go.ug/affiliated-institutions/hospitals/national-referral-hospitals|title=National Referral Hospitals {{!}} Ministry of Health|work=health.go.ug|accessdate=2020-02-06|archivedate=2020-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123141916/http://health.go.ug/affiliated-institutions/hospitals/national-referral-hospitals}}&lt;/ref&gt; International Hospital Kampala, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ihk.img.co.ug/|title=Home|date=2016-02-07|work=International Hospital Kampala|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; International Specialized Hospital of Uganda &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;''&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&amp;#x5D; na TMR International Hospital. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tmrinternational.org/|title=Home new|author=bliccathemes|work=TMR International Hospital|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnukwu ụlọ ọgwụ ndị ọzọ dị na Jinja gụnyere Jinja Regional Referral Hospital,  Al-Shafa Modern Hospital Ltd. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Electives Network: Jinja Regional Referral Hospital (Act4Africa)|url=https://www.electives.net/hospital/6903/preview|accessdate=2021-06-02|work=www.electives.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.alshafamodernhospital.com/|title=Home|work=www.alshafamodernhospital.com|accessdate=2020-02-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Rippon Medical Center dị na Nile Ave, Jinja-Uganda.  

Ụlọ ọgwụ a na-enye ọrụ ahụike niile dị mkpa yana ọrụ ahụike dị mkpa dịka ọgwụgwọ ụmụ nwanyị, ọrịa obi, ọrịa akwara, ọrịa urology na ụmụaka. Ọ na-enyekwa ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ ọrụ nchọpụta dị mkpa dịka ọrụ ụlọ nyocha, ọrụ obi na ọrụ redio.

Ọrụ ndị ọzọ ị ga-ahụ gụnyere ebe a na-awa ahụ, ọrụ ndị na-arịa ọrịa, ma (ICU) Ngalaba Nlekọta Nlekọta Nri na (NICU), Ngalaba Nchebe Nchebe, ụlọ ọrụ na-agwọ ọrịa. 

A makwaara na ụlọ ọgwụ a dị ọcha nke ukwuu, ọ bụ ezie na a na-atụ anya nke a maka ụlọ ọgwụ, ọ naghị adịkarị otú ahụ karịsịa maka ụlọ ọgwụ dị na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe n'ihi mkpọchi, nsogbu akụ na ụba, enweghị ndị ọrụ ruru eru iji lekọta, jikwaa ma lekọta ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha ọha, wdg.

== ICU (Intensive Care Unit) na NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit). ==
Ọganihu a na Naịl International Hospital dị oke mkpa ma dị mkpa n'ihi na a na-eme ka ọrụ ndị a bịarukwuo ndị mmadụ nso na mpaghara ndị dị ka Jinja, Iganga, Buikwe, Kayunga na mpaghara ndị ọzọ dị na ma ọ bụ nso n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Uganda. Ndị mmadụ ga-aga Kampala mgbe niile iji nweta ọrụ ndị a.

== Ebe ==
Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ dị na Plots 2-16 nke Walukuba na Jinja City nke Uganda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nile International Hospital: About Us|url=https://nih.co.ug/about-us/|accessdate=2021-06-02|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Onye isi ala nke Uganda, Yoweri Kaguta Museveni meghere ya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nih.co.ug/about-us/|title=Nile International Hospital: About Us|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 28 Jenụwarị 2015. Kemgbe ahụ, ọ na-ekere òkè na ahụike nke mpaghara ahụ site n'inye ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ nke a na-agaghị ahụ ebe ọ bụla ọzọ na mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke Uganda. N'ihi nke a, ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ tupu emeghe ya dabere kpamkpam n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Kampala (isi obodo Uganda, nke dị na mpaghara etiti). [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Ngalaba Ọgwụ ==

* Ịwa Ọrịa Mkpịsị Ụbụrụ
* Ọrịa Ọkpụkpụ
* Ahụike ezé na ọnụ
* Mberede
* Ịwa ahụ n'ozuzu
* Ọgwụ ụmụ nwanyị na obstetrics
* Ọgwụ ime ụlọ
* Nri na Nri
* Ọrịa obi
* Ọrịa Uro
* Ụlọ nyocha
* Ọrịa anya
* Ọgwụ ụmụaka
* Radiology
* Ọgwụgwọ ahụike
* Ntị, imi na akpịrị (ENT) 

== Ngalaba Nnyocha ==

=== Ụlọ nyocha ===

=== Radiology ===

* CT Scan
* 3D Ultrasound Scan
* X-ray
* C-Arm X-ray

=== Ọrịa obi ===

* ECG (Electrocardiography) 
* Echocardiography
* Nlekọta Holter

== Hụkwa ==

* Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nakasero
* Ụlọ Ọgwụ Paragon
* Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Uganda
* Ụlọ Ọgwụ Case

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://nih.co.ug/ Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mba Nile]
{{Jinja District}}
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn org&quot; |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Primary Palapye
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-subheader category&quot; |[https://web.archive.org/web/20171024133244/http://www.moh.gov.bw/ Ngalaba Ahụike nke Botswana]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:225px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:225px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:225px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Botswana_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|234x234px|Palapye Primary Hospital is located in Botswana]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:51.471%;left:75.078%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-4px;top:-4px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Palapye Primary Hospital]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;Ebe dị na Botswana&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Ọdịdị ala
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Palapye, [[Botswana]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Palapye_Primary_Hospital&amp;params=22_33_S_27_08_E_region:BW_type:landmark &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;22°33′S&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;27°08′E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;/&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECC;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x7A;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x6E;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECD;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;22.550°S 27.133°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;﻿ / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;-22.550; 27.133&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Nhazi
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụdị
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |Mpaghara Central
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Mahadum jikọtara ya&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Enweghị
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Onye Nlekọta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Enweghị
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Helipads
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Helipad
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Mba
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Njikọ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Njikọ ndị ọzọ&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ na Botswana
|}
Palapye Primary Hospital bụ ụlọ ọgwụ mpaghara gọọmentị na-achịkwa nke dị na Palapye, Botswana . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/|title=Establishment of Mahalapye District Hospital|work=Government of Botswana|accessdate=14 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171024133244/http://www.moh.gov.bw/ Ngalaba Ahụike nke Botswana]
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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      <text bytes="1799" sha1="m7916gedhfh7bmapftbncm2315q7tsm" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090815060935/http://www.rcchurch.na/windhoek/health/wdh-hospital.htm Roman Catholic Hospital] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815060935/http://www.rcchurch.na/windhoek/health/wdh-hospital.htm |date=2009-08-15 }} Roman Catholic Church of Namibia&lt;/ref&gt; 
{{Infobox hospital|name=The '''Roman Catholic Hospital'''|caption=|location=[[Windhoek]]|type=Government-run hospital|founded=1907|helipad=No|emergency=Yes|beds=87 beds in 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090815060935/http://www.rcchurch.na/windhoek/health/wdh-hospital.htm Roman Catholic Hospital] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815060935/http://www.rcchurch.na/windhoek/health/wdh-hospital.htm |date=2009-08-15 }} Roman Catholic Church of Namibia&lt;/ref&gt;|healthcare=private|affiliation=[[Finnish Missionary Society]]|country=Namibia|website=}}
The '''Roman Catholic Hospital''' bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nkeonwe dị na Windhoek, Namibia nke Chọọchị Katọlik na-achịkwa. Ụlọ Ọgwụ Roman Katọlik nke Benedictine Missionary Sisters nke Tutzing hiwere na 1907, nwere akwa 87 na 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;roman&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=High-quality nursing and care|url=http://www2.drapilux.com/en/marke_menschen/hospital-windhoek.php?PHPSESSID=go3lma2eo4u7lh4qisiibhfp70|publisher=drapilux.com|accessdate=23 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Jana-Mari|title=Namibia: RC Hospital Makes History|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201104070288.html|publisher=allafrica.com|accessdate=23 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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    <title>Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ụmụaka Shoe4Africa</title>
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! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Eldoret]], [[Uasin Gishu County]], Kenya
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Njikọ
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|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Usoro nlekọta&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ọrụ Ahụike Ọha
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụdị
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |Ịkụzi ihe
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Mahadum jikọtara ya&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ozizi na Ntụziaka Moi (MTRH) 
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Ọrụ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Ngalaba mberede&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ee
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Àkwà
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |200
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ihe pụrụ iche
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Akụkọ ihe mere eme
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ọgọst 12, 2015
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Njikọ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[https://shoe4africa.org/our-hospital/ shoe4africa.org/ọgwụ anyị/]&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ndepụta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ụlọ ọgwụ na Kenya
|}
[[Faịlụ:Early_Construction_Progress.jpg|thumb|Ọganihu Mbido nke Ihe owuwu]]
&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;b&gt;ụlọ ọgwụ&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; '''Ụmụaka Shoe4Africa''' bụ ụlọ ọgwụ ọha na eze maka ụmụaka na Eldoret, Kenya. E wuru ya na 2015. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ mbụ raara nye maka ụmụaka ọha na eze na East na Central Africa., &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Shoe4Africa Children's Hospital|work=www.mtrh.go.ke/|url=https://www.mtrh.go.ke/?page_id=285|date=2020-02-13|accessdate=2020-02-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; na nke abụọ na Sub-Saharan Africa, mgbe Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital na [[Cape Town]], nke e guzobere na 1956. 

Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụ nnukwu ọrụ nke Shoe4Africa, ọrụ ebere dị na [[Nú Yọk|New York]] nke lekwasịrị anya na ahụike na agụmakwụkwọ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=https://shoe4africa.org/who-are-we/|accessdate=2025-04-08|work=Shoe4Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe owuwu ya furu ihe dịka ijeri shilling abụọ nke Kenya  ma jiri onyinye sitere n'aka ndị ama ama na mba ụwa, gụnyere Cristiano Ronaldo, Anthony Edwards, na Natalie Portman. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Charity to build Sh2 billion Eldoret children’s hospital|url=https://shoe4africa.org/web_archive/archive/s4a_00111.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814093046/https://shoe4africa.org/web_archive/archive/s4a_00111.pdf|archivedate=2021-08-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Celebrities unite to build biggest children's public hospital in Africa|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/celebrities-unite-to-build-biggest-children-s-public-hospital-in-africa-996274|accessdate=2024-10-07|work=Nation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ụmụaka Shoe4Africa na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi na mmekorita ya na Mahadum Moi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Our Hospital|url=https://shoe4africa.org/our-hospital/|accessdate=2025-04-08|work=Shoe4Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọọgwụ Moi Teaching and Referral, ụlọọgwụ mba nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na Kenya, na-achịkwa ya, nke e wuru n'elu ala gọọmentị nwere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-01-02|title=SHOE4AFRICA CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL|url=https://www.mtrh.go.ke/?page_id=285|accessdate=2025-01-02|work=Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Marie Buitendyk|title=Impact of free maternity services on outcomes related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya: a retrospective analysis|journal=BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth|date=2023-02-06|volume=23|issue=98|doi=10.1186/s12884-023-05381-3|pmid=36747137}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule 2024, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na-agwọ ihe karịrị ndị ọrịa 430 na ndị na-abụghị ndị ọrịa kwa ụbọchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Our Hospital|url=https://shoe4africa.org/our-hospital/|accessdate=2025-01-06|work=Shoe4Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe owuwu na mgbasawanye ==
Iwu ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ malitere na 2013 ma wuchaa ya na August 12, 2015. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere àkwà 105 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lay|first=Kelsey|date=29 January 2016|title=Shoe4Africa Improves Healthcare and Education for Kids|url=https://www.borgenmagazine.com/shoe4africa-reduces-poverty-through-health-awareness/|accessdate=5 November 2024|publisher=Borgen Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; na mbido, na ego gbasaa ruo àkwà 150 site na 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Iwu ụlọ kichin a raara nye n'akụkụ ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka malitere na 2016 iji nye ndị ọrịa na-adịghị edozi ahụ. 

N'afọ 2018, a gbakwunyere ogige [[basketball]] maka ndị ọrịa na ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-09-20|title=Keitany, Tanser offers Christmas gifts to hospitalised children, opens basketball court – DAILY SPORT|url=http://dailysport.co.ke/2018/12/24/keitany-tanser-offers-christmas-gifts-to-hospilised-children-opens-basketball-court/|accessdate=2024-11-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920081211/http://dailysport.co.ke/2018/12/24/keitany-tanser-offers-christmas-gifts-to-hospilised-children-opens-basketball-court/|archivedate=2020-09-20}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. 2020-09-20. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20200920081211/http://dailysport.co.ke/2018/12/24/keitany-tanser-offers-christmas-gifts-to-hospilised-children-opens-basketball-court/ the original] on 20 September 2020&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2024-11-22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ebere ahụ kwupụtara na oghere [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] ga-eso iji nyere ụmụaka aka imezigharị,  na Mee 2019, emeghe oghere bọl AstroTurf. Ka e mesịrị n'afọ ahụ, a gbakwunyere klas Kuunga Mkono n'ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọgwụ mbụ na Kenya nwere klas ụmụaka n'ime ụlọ ya.

N'ihi mmụba a, Shoe4Africa kwupụtara na ọ gwọrọ onye ọrịa nke nde ya na 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/athletics/philanthropist-athletes-take-christmas-cheer-to-shoe4africa-kids--4054022/|title=Philanthropist, athletes take Christmas cheer to Shoe4Africa kids|date=December 13, 2022|work=nation.africa.com|author=Rotich|first=Bernard|accessdate=13 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe owuwu ndị a haziri ==
[[Faịlụ:HarryJDyer.jpg|thumb]]
Iwu nke Harry J. Dyer Burns Unit, ebe a na-eme atụmatụ maka ịgwọ ọkụ, malitere na Disemba 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-01-23|title=Construction in action|url=https://shoe4africa.org/construction-in-action/|accessdate=2025-05-14|work=Shoe4Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọzọkwa, e bidoro iwu ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka Shoe4Africa Juli Anne Perry, ụlọ ọgwụ ụmụaka nwere ihe ndina 152 iji mee ka oghere dị n'ime ụlọ ọgwụ nwere ihe ndina 30 dịkwuo mma na Jenụwarị 2024.  Mgbe emechara ya, ọ ga-adị n'akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ ụmụaka.

== Edensibịa ==
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    <title>Ụlọ Ọgwụ Gọọmentị Selibi Phikwe</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="3236" sha1="9t32e9aty9m6u4g42dq6vz9q7mrglvd" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/|title=Establishment of Selebi Phikwe Government Hospital|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=13 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Infobox hospital|name=Selibi Phikwe Government Hospital|org_group=[http://www.moh.gov.bw/ Botswana Ministry of Health]|image=|image_alt=|image_size=|caption=&lt;!-- optional --&gt;|pushpin_map=Botswana|pushpin_map_size=&lt;!-- width of the map in pixels (do not include &quot;px&quot;); default is 225 --&gt;|pushpin_map_alt=&lt;!-- alternative text for map image, see WP:ALT for details --&gt;|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Botswana|logo=&lt;!-- Please conform to copyright --&gt;|logo_size=&lt;!-- Use to limit the logo size --&gt;|region=[[Selebi Phikwe]]|state=|country=[[Botswana]]|coordinates={{coord|21|58|33|S|27|50|24|E|region:BW}}|address=&lt;!-- Address of main building --&gt;|healthcare=&lt;!-- UK:NHS. AU/CA: Medicare. ELSE freetext, e.g. Private --&gt;|funding=[[Government of Botswana|Government]]|type=Central District|speciality=&lt;!-- if devoted to a speciality (i.e. not a broad spectrum of specialities) and Type=Specialist/Teaching --&gt;|standards=&lt;!-- optional if no national standards --&gt;|emergency=&lt;!-- UK/IR/HK/SG: Yes/No, CA/IL/US: I/II/III/IV/V for Trauma certification level --&gt;|affiliation=None|patron=None|network=&lt;!-- Hospital network, non-owner --&gt;|beds=120|founded=1970&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/|title=Establishment of Selebi Phikwe Government Hospital|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=13 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;|closed=&lt;!-- Use if defunct, please also add to Category:Defunct hospitals --&gt;|website=None|other_links=&lt;!-- Creates &quot;&quot;See also&quot; field --&gt;[[List of hospitals in Botswana]]}}
'''Ụlọ Ọgwụ Gọọmentị Selibi Phikwe''' bụ Ụlọ ọgwụ distrikti gọọmentị na-achịkwa nke dị na Selebi Phikwe, bụ [[Botswana]]&quot; id=&quot;mwEQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;List of cities in Botswana&quot;&gt;obodo na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ala nke dị na Central District nke Botswana. O nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 49,849 na 2001 nke a na-eme atụmatụ ugbu a na ọ rịrị elu ruo c.52000.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723192435/http://www.laws.gov.bw/ Laws of Botswana], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090718061659/http://www.mlg.gov.bw/ Ministry of Local Government] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718061659/http://www.mlg.gov.bw/ |date=2009-07-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ụlọ Ọgwụ Gọọmentị Selibi Phikwe bụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụike gọọmentị hiwere na 1970. Ụlọ ọrụ a dị na mpaghara etiti Botswana n'obodo a na-akpọ Selebi Phikwe. Ụlọ Ọgwụ Gọọmentị Selebi Phikwe amụbaala ikike ịrahụ ụra site na 65 ruo 120. Ọrụ mgbasawanye a, nke Daily News kọrọ, nwere mmefu ego ruru nde P40.

== Edensibịa ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171024133244/http://www.moh.gov.bw/ Ngalaba Ahụike nke Botswana]
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    <title>Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ncheta Sekgoma</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="7365" sha1="grbhmhoih9egkzo1kewuda14ol6dzs5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/|title=Establishment of Sekgoma Memorial Hospital|access-date=13 October 2017|archive-date=7 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507121923/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Infobox hospital|name=Sekgoma Memorial Hospital|org_group=[http://www.moh.gov.bw/ Botswana Ministry of Health]|image=|image_alt=|image_size=250|caption=&lt;!-- optional --&gt;|pushpin_map=Botswana|pushpin_map_size=&lt;!-- width of the map in pixels (do not include &quot;px&quot;); default is 225 --&gt;|pushpin_map_alt=&lt;!-- alternative text for map image, see WP:ALT for details --&gt;|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Botswana|logo=&lt;!-- Please conform to copyright --&gt;|logo_size=&lt;!-- Use to limit the logo size --&gt;|region=[[Serowe]]|state=[[Central District (Botswana)]]|country=[[Botswana]]|coordinates={{coord|22|23|S|26|43|E|region:BW}}|address=&lt;!-- Address of main building --&gt;|healthcare=&lt;!-- UK:NHS. AU/CA: Medicare. ELSE freetext, e.g. Private --&gt;|funding=[[Government of Botswana|Government]]|type=District|speciality=&lt;!-- if devoted to a speciality (i.e. not a broad spectrum of specialities) and Type=Specialist/Teaching --&gt;|standards=&lt;!-- optional if no national standards --&gt;|emergency=&lt;!-- UK/IR/HK/SG: Yes/No, CA/IL/US: I/II/III/IV/V for Trauma certification level --&gt;|helipad=No|affiliation=None|patron=None|network=&lt;!-- Hospital network, non-owner --&gt;|beds=|founded=1928&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/|title=Establishment of Sekgoma Memorial Hospital|access-date=13 October 2017|archive-date=7 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507121923/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|closed=&lt;!-- Use if defunct, please also add to Category:Defunct hospitals --&gt;|website=None|other_links=&lt;!-- Creates &quot;&quot;See also&quot; field --&gt;[[List of hospitals in Botswana]]}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
{| class=&quot;infobox vcard&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn org&quot; |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ncheta Sekgoma
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-subheader category&quot; |[https://web.archive.org/web/20171024133244/http://www.moh.gov.bw/ Ngalaba Ahụike nke Botswana]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:225px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:225px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:225px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Botswana_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|234x234px|Sekgoma Memorial Hospital is located in Botswana]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:49.833%;left:71.039%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-4px;top:-4px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Sekgoma Memorial Hospital]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;Ebe dị na Botswana&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Ọdịdị ala
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Serowe, [[Botswana]])&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Central District (Botswana)&quot;&gt;Central District (Botswana) , Botswana
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sekgoma_Memorial_Hospital&amp;params=22_23_S_26_43_E_region:BW_type:landmark &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;22°23′S&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;26°43′E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;/&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECC;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x7A;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x6E;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECD;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;22.383°S 26.717°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;﻿ / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;-22.383; 26.717&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Nhazi
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụdị
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |Mpaghara
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Mahadum jikọtara ya&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Enweghị
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Onye Nlekọta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Enweghị
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Helipads
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Helipad
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Mba
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Akụkọ ihe mere eme
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ntọala
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1928
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Njikọ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Njikọ ndị ọzọ&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ na Botswana
|}
'''Sekgoma Memorial Hospital''' bụ ụlọ ọgwụ mpaghara gọọmentị na-achịkwa nke dị na Serowe, obodo dị na Central District nke Botswana. Ebe a na-azụ ahịa na azụmaahịa, ọ bụ obodo kachasị ukwuu na Botswana nke nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Botswana..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/destination/serowe|title=Largest village in Botswana|accessdate=13 October 2017|archivedate=13 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225513/http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/destination/serowe}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E guzobere ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na 1938. Ọ dị n'okporo ụzọ Palapye-Serowe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/|title=Location of Sekgoma hospital|accessdate=13 October 2017|archivedate=7 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507121923/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/MinistryofHealth-MOH/Departments-of-MOH/MOA-Departments2/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The hospital was totally rebuilt by Murray and Roberts (now known as Concor) in 2005. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20171024133244/http://www.moh.gov.bw/ Ngalaba Ahụike nke Botswana]
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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    <title>Ụlọ Ọgwụ St. Martin de Porres (Eikwe)</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T01:47:35Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn org&quot; |Ụlọ Ọgwụ St. Martin de Porres
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-subheader category&quot; |Chọọchị Katọlik nke Ghana
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |&lt;mapframe zoom=&quot;13&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; frameless=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; width=&quot;250&quot;&gt;[
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]&lt;/mapframe&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Ọdịdị ala
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Eikwe]], Ellembelle District, Western Region, Ghana
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=St._Martin_de_Porres_Hospital_(Eikwe)&amp;params=4.965213_N_2.469751_W_type:landmark &lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;4°57′55′′N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;2°28′11′′W&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;/&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECC;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x7A;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x6E;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECD;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;4.965213°N 2.469751°W&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;﻿ / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;4.965213; -2.469751&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;indicator name=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=St._Martin_de_Porres_Hospital_(Eikwe)&amp;params=4.965213_N_2.469751_W_type:landmark &lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;4°57′55″N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;2°28′11″W&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &amp;#xfeff;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;4.965213°N 2.469751°W&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;4.965213; -2.469751&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/indicator&gt;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Nhazi
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụdị
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |Ọchịagha
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Mmekọrịta okpukpe&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Chọọchị Katọlik
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Ọrụ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Àkwà
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |175
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Akụkọ ihe mere eme
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Emeghe
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1959
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;&quot; |Njikọ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230202174405/http://www.eikwe-hospital.org/ www.eikwe-hospital.org]&lt;/span&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ndepụta
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ụlọ ọgwụ na Ghana
|}
'''Ụlọ Ọgwụ St. Martin de Porres''' bụ ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Eikwe, na Mpaghara Ọdịda Anyanwụ nke Ghana. Archdayọsis nke Cape Coast guzobere ya na 1959, ọ bụkwa Chọọchị Katọlik nke Ghana nwere ma na-achịkwa ya. N'afọ 1930, e ji ụlọ ndị a mee ihe dị ka ebe a na-amụ nwa na ebe a na-elekọta ụmụ mgbei.&lt;ref name=&quot;STM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=St. Martin de Porres Hospital|url=http://www.eikwe-hospital.org/|publisher=St Martin de Porres - Hospital|accessdate=19 December 2012|archivedate=2 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202174405/http://www.eikwe-hospital.org/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nwekwara ụlọ ọgwụ St. Martin de Porres na Agroyesum na Agormanya.

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="13292" sha1="fv58hyburq13uagt0qn2ig6e20q8y1b" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}Ọchịchị nke mpaghara Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka nke dị n'ofe Osimiri Niger mere n'etiti etiti narị afọ nke 19 na 1960 mgbe a nabatara Naịjirịa dị ka mba nweere onwe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=September 29, 2023|title=Nigerian Independence Day &amp;#124; Boston.gov|url=https://www.boston.gov/news/nigerian-independence-day|work=www.boston.gov|accessdate=June 28, 2026|archivedate=April 21, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421023622/https://www.boston.gov/news/nigerian-independence-day}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mwakpo a nke usoro a webatara usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, akụ na ụba, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọhụrụ nke gbanwere echiche ndị obodo banyere mmụba nwoke na nwanyị na ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị. Ịtinye echiche ndị ọdịda anyanwụ n'ụzọ ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ nwere ike imetụta omume mmekọrịta ọha na eze na omenala Afrịka mgbe niile, nke na-eduga na mgbanwe na mmekọrịta ike, atụmanya ọha mmadụ, ngosipụta nke ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị ma ọ bụ ọbụna njirimara. Ndị ọchịchị mba Yuropu webatara usoro iwu nke na-eme ka usoro ndị nna ochie sikwuo ike ma belata nnabata nke omume ndị obodo nke nabatara ụdịdị nwoke na nwanyị. Mwepụ nke usoro ndị ọdịda anyanwụ nwere ihe ndị na-adịgide adịgide, na-emetụta iwu nketa, ikike ihe onwunwe, na omume alụmdi na nwunye. Nke a abụghị naanị na o mere ka ụmụ nwanyị dị iche n'ime usoro iwu kamakwa o mebikwara ọrụ ọdịnala nke ụfọdụ obodo ebe ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Njikọta nke iwu ndị ọchịchị na omenala ndị obodo butere esemokwu ma gbanwee usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na-enye aka na mgbanwe nke ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị na mgbanwe na omenala Naịjirịa. Mmetụta a nke usoro iwu ndị ọchịchị na usoro agụmakwụkwọ metụtara ụdị omenala dị iche iche nke Naịjirịa, na-emetụta obodo n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Ihe si na mmanye iwu na usoro agụmakwụkwọ pụta bụ ihe ndị ọchịchị na-eme site n'ile anya omenala dị iche iche, na-akpụzi ihe ịma aka na ohere pụrụ iche maka agbụrụ dị iche iche.

== Ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị na enweghị nkwekọrịta n'etiti ndị Igbo tupu ọchịchị ==
Obodo Igbo mejupụtara steeti Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, na Imo, ha nwekwara asụsụ pụrụ iche nke ndị obodo ahụ na-asụ n'ofe steeti ise mejupụtara obodo Igbo. Asụsụ a gbasaara ruo mpaghara Anioma nke Delta State na mpaghara ụfọdụ nke Rivers State na ndịda Naịjirịa.

=== Aha nnọchiaha Igbo na usoro aha ===
Na [[Asụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò|Igbo]], the pronoun 'o' indicates both male and female. Ọtụtụ aha ndị Igbo anaghị anọchite anya nwoke na nwanyị, mana aha ọdịnala nwere ike ịpụta okike. Ọzọkwa, ụfọdụ aha na nnọchiaha na-egosi okike, gụnyere &quot;nwoke&quot; (nwoke) na &quot;nwanyi&quot; (woman). 

=== Ụmụ nwanyị na ndị di nwanyị ===
Dịka omenala Igbo nke ịbụ onye nwe ụmụ nwoke si dị, ada nwanyị enweghị ike iketa ihe onwunwe ala; nwoke na-enweghị nwa nwoke ga-enye nwa ya nwanyị mbụ ọrụ nwa nwoke site na omenala na ọgbụgba ndụ a na-akpọ &quot;Igba Ndu&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lindsay|first=Lisa A.|date=2017-09-01|title=Male Daughters, Female Husbands at Thirty|url=https://dx.doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.3.2.0093|journal=Journal of West African History|language=en|volume=3|issue=2|pages=93–101|doi=10.14321/jwestafrihist.3.2.0093|issn=2327-1868}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ada nwanyị, nke a na-ewere ugbu a dị ka nwa nwoke, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka nwoke n'ezinụlọ. Mgbe a chịkọtara nkwekọrịta a, a naghị ekwe ka nwa nwanyị ahụ nke bụzi nwa nwoke lụọ di iji gbochie ya ịpụ n'ụlọ ezinụlọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Osuji|first=Ucheoma C.|date=2023-06-21|title=A Feminist Analysis of &quot;Woman-Husband&quot; and &quot;Male-Daughter&quot; Practice in Igbo Cultural Thought|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/cad/11/1/article-p104_6.xml|journal=Culture and Dialogue|volume=11|issue=1|pages=104–121|doi=10.1163/24683949-12340130|issn=2222-3282}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị di nwanyị  n'aka nke ọzọ, bụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-arụ ọrụ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụmụ nwoke, gụnyere ibu ọrụ di n'ime alụmdi na nwunye. A na-ejikọkarị omume a na nsogbu nke ịmụ nwa, ebe nwanyị nwere ike iwere ọrụ di iji hụ na usoro ezinụlọ ya na-aga n'ihu. N'ọnọdụ dị otu a, di nwanyị nwere ike ịlụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ ma tinye aka na omume ọmụmụ nwa a kwadoro n'etiti ọha mmadụ, dị ka ịmụ ụmụ site na nwunye nwanyị n'aha di ya na-amụghị nwa. Omume a, nke a maara dịka Nwanyi Bu, gosipụtara mgbanwe dị irè nke ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị iji gboo mkpa ọha mmadụ kpọmkwem.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Nzegwu|first=Nkiru|title=Family matters: feminist concepts in African philosophy of culture|date=2006|publisher=State University of New York Press|location=Albany|isbn=9780791467435}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnọdụ abụọ a, ụdị okike ndị a gbara echiche ndị ọdịda anyanwụ mgba ma gosipụta mgbanwe dị n'ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị n'obodo Igbo. Ịmata ụmụ nwanyị nwoke na ịnakwere di nwanyị gosipụtara nghọta dị omimi nke okike na njirimara n'ime omenala na mmụọ nke obodo ndị Igbo tupu ọchịchị. Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na omume ndị a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'echiche ụwa Igbo na ha abụghị naanị ihe megidere ụkpụrụ okike e guzobere kama ha bụ ngosipụta nke njirimara na ọrụ ọha mmadụ dabere na omenala.

Ada mmuonwu ('ada', ma ọ bụ 'mmụọ nwa agbọghọ nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ'; a na-akpọkwa ya 'Agboho Mmanwu' ma ọ bụ 'Adamma' n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke obodo Igbo) bụ mmụọ nwanyị nke nwere nwoke n'oge emume olili ozu;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.addastories.org/about/|title=About|work=adda}}&lt;/ref&gt; mgbe ọ banyere n'ime ya, nwoke a kpuchiri ihe mkpuchi, nwoke a na-aghọ onye nwere ihu ọma na-enweta nwanyị n'ụzọ ime mmụọ, na-aghọ onye na-enwe mmetụta uche ruo mgbe a tọgbọrọ onye nwụrụ anwụ ma mee emume ahụ ga-agwụ.

== Mmekọahụ, ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị, na mgbanwe na Yoruba tupu ọchịchị ==
Omenala ndị Yoruba bụ ihe nnọchianya nke omume omenala na njirimara nke ndị Yoruba, otu agbụrụ a na-ahụkarị na Naịjirịa na mpaghara ndị ọzọ dị n'Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka. A maara omenala Yoruba maka akụnụba na ụdị dị iche iche ya, omenaala ya gụnyere akụkụ dị iche iche dịka asụsụ, okpukperechi, nka, egwu, ịgba egwu, na omenala mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.

Tupu ndị Yuropu abịa na narị afọ nke iri na asaa, ndị Yoruba nwere echiche pụrụ iche gbasara nkọwa na mmekọrịta nwoke na nwanyị. N'adịghị ka usoro abụọ nke ndị ọdịda anyanwụ nke ndị ikom/ndị ikom na ndị inyom/ụmụ nwanyị, ọdịiche dị otú ahụ adịghị na obodo ndị Yoruba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Muraina|first=Luqman Ọpẹ́yẹmí|date=2023-09-02|title=Gender relations in Indigenous Yorùbá culture: questioning current feminist actions and advocacies|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01436597.2023.2213171|journal=Third World Quarterly|volume=44|issue=9|doi=10.1080/01436597.2023.2213171#d1e175|issn=0143-6597}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oyèrónkẹ́ Oyěwùmí, na &quot;The Invention of Women: Making African Sense of Western Gender Discourse,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctttt0vh.9|chapter=Colonizing Bodies and Minds|author=Oyěwùmí|first=Oyèrónké|title=The Invention of Women|date=1997|pages=121–156|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=9780816624409}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-enyocha omume ndị Yoruba mere tupu ọchịchị mba ọzọ ma na-enyocha ihe ndị e ji ehichapụ ihe ndị ahụ pụtara n'oge a.

N'omenala ndị Yoruba, ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị sitere n'omume ọha mmadụ kama ịbụ eziokwu gbasara ihe ndị dị ndụ, dịka Oyèrónkẹ́ Oyěwùmí kwuru. Okwu mmalite &quot;obìn&quot; na &quot;okùn&quot; ka e ji akọwa ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ahụ mmadụ, mana ndị Yoruba enweghị okwu maka okike ma ọ bụ echiche ọ bụla metụtara ya tupu ọchịchị ndị mba ọzọ amalite inwe mmetụta. Enweghị ntụaka asụsụ a nwere ike igosi na echiche nke okike dịka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ka e si n'ọdịda anyanwụ webata n'ime ọha mmadụ Yoruba.

Otu ihe dị mkpa gbasara omenala nke gbachiri nkịtị n'ihi mwakpo ndị ọchịchị bụ omume nwoke idina nwoke n'etiti ndị Yoruba. A na-eji okwu a na-akpọ &quot;adodi/adofuro&quot; eme ihe gbasara omume a, nke a na-eji akọwa ndị na-etinye aka na nsụda ahụ n'ime ike nsi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.aaihs.org/did-europe-bring-homophobia-to-africa/#:~:text=Among%20the%20Yoruba%2C%20adofuro%20is,person%20who%20has%20anal%20sex|title=Did Europe Bring Homophobia to Africa? - AAIHS|date=21 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/sep/09/being-gay-african-history-homosexuality-christianity|title=If you say being gay is not African, you don't know your history|first=Bisi|author=Alimi|date=September 9, 2015|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/s12119-020-09705-9|title=The Sexual Orientation Question in Nigeria: Cultural Relativism Versus Universal Human Rights Concerns|date=2020|author=Chimakonam|first=Jonathan O.|journal=Sexuality &amp; Culture|volume=24|issue=6|pages=1705–1719}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ, njirimara, na mmekọahụ na pre-colonial Hausa Fulani ==
Ndị bi na mpaghara Ugwu nke Naịjirịa nke oge a, Alaeze Hausa nwere steeti asaa nke Hausa, nke ọ bụla nwere mmasị omenala pụrụ iche na ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị na mgbanwe tupu e guzobe Jihadist nke Sokoto Caliphate nke mere ka mba ndị dị na Hausa bụrụ ndị Alakụba ikpeazụ n'etiti narị afọ nke 18 na nke 19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.schoolsoftware.com.ng/history-of-islam-in-nigeria/|title=HISTORY OF ISLAM IN NIGERIA.|date=September 22, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/587419|doi=10.2307/587419|title=Islam and Social Stratification in Northern Nigeria|author=Yeld|first=E. R.|journal=The British Journal of Sociology|date=1960|volume=11|issue=2|pages=112–128}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okpukpe ndị a ma ama nke ndị Hausa-Fulani tupu mwakpo a bụ Maguzawa, usoro okpukpe dị mkpa n'omume nke Animism, nke gụnyere inwe mmụọ na ịchụpụ mmadụ nke ndị kwere ekwe nwoke na nwanyị mere. N'adịghị ka okpukpe Alakụba, e nyere ụmụ nwanyị ikike ime mkpebi ụfọdụ megidere nke ndị nwoke ibe ha, n'adịghị ka ihe mmadụ na-ahụ n'omume ndị Alakụba nke oge a. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime otu agbụrụ Bori dị na Kano, ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịgba di ha alụkwaghịm n'enweghị ihe mgbochi okpukpe ọ bụla. Ụmụ nwanyị a, nke a na-akpọkarị okwu mkparị ndị Hausa a na-akpọ Karuwanci, ya mere ha họọrọ ibi n'ógbè obodo ha a na-akpọ gidan mata n'okpuru nduzi nke ndị magajiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110198805.2.237|doi=10.1515/9783110198805.2.237|chapter=Chapter 7. Out on video: Gender, language and new public spheres in Islamic Northern Nigeria|title=Words, Worlds, and Material Girls|date=2007|author=Gaudio|first=Rudolf P.|pages=237–286|isbn=978-3-11-019574-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ha maka ndụ pụrụ iche ha ji egwu na ịgba akwụna mee. N'ime ụlọ ụmụ nwanyị - ebe obibi ụmụ nwanyị - e nwere ụfọdụ usoro ọchịchị ahaziri ahazi nke duziri omume ụmụ nwanyị ma chebe ha pụọ ná mmegbu nke ndị ikom na-azụ ha nwere ike ime. Ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na mmekọrịta ha na ọha mmadụ malitere ịdị n'otu ụdị mgbe e mesịrị okpukperechi Islam; O nwere ike ịbụ na mmegharị a nke webatara usoro Yan Taru agbanweela ọrụ na mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị Hausa taa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-1353|title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|first=Beverly B.|author=Mack|chapter=Women in Muslim Northern Nigeria|date=December 21, 2022|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.1353|isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdịnala ọzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke echiche ndị ọchịchị obodo nwere ike imechi bụ maka njirimara nwoke na nwanyị na mmekọahụ, nke ụfọdụ na-ekwu taa na ọ dịghị adị n'obodo ndị Naịjirịa tupu ọchịchị mba ọzọ. Agbanyeghị, inyocha ụfọdụ nkwenkwe na omume omenala dị iche iche n'etiti ndị Hausa-Fulani tupu ọchịchị obodo na-enye ihe akaebe eziokwu nke mgbanwe dị ogologo oge na omume nwoke na nwanyị. Otu n'ime ihe ndị dị otu a bụ ọdịdị yan daudu nke dị n'etiti obodo ndị Fulani dị na Hausa.

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    <title>Ọdọ Mmiri Burullus</title>
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      <text bytes="5796" sha1="mi6txdqkhu14gy9ytfj8jg9r1vyiz9f" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|Lake in Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Lake Burullus
| image = Rosette, Lac Burlos.jpg
| caption = Map of Lake Burullus from the early 19th century
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| coords = {{coord|31|29|N|30|52|E|display=inline,title|region:EG_type:waterbody_source:GNS-enwiki}}
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| length = c. {{convert|54|km|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Finkl-Makowski&gt;{{cite book|title=Coastal Wetlands: Alteration and Remediation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YG0tDwAAQBAJ|first1=Charles W.|last1=Finkl|first2=Christopher|last2=Makowski|publisher=Springer|year=2017|isbn=9783319561790|page=418}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| width = {{convert|6–21|km|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Finkl-Makowski/&gt;
| area = {{convert|46200|ha|abbr=on}}
| depth = {{convert|75–100|cm|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=Finkl-Makowski/&gt;
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&lt;!--      Map      --&gt;
| pushpin_map             = Egypt
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = Location of Lake Burullus in Egypt.
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
&lt;!--   Below       --&gt;  
| website            = 
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| extra = {{Designation list
 | embed = yes
 | designation1 = Ramsar
 | designation1_date = 9 September 1988
 | designation1_number = 408&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bahía de Samborombón|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/408|accessdate=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
}}

'''Lake Burullus''' (Arabic: بحيرة البرلس, romanized: Buḥayrat al-Burullus; Ancient Greek: λίμνη Σεβεννυτική, romanized: limnē Sebennytikē) bụ ọdọ mmiri dị nro dị na Naịl Delta na Ijipt, aha ya sitere na obodo Burullus (Coptic: Ϯⲡⲁⲣⲁⲗⲓⲁ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=St-Takla.org|url=https://st-takla.org/books/pauline-todary/coptic-language/egyptian.html|title=21- أسماء بعض البلاد المصرية بالقبطية|language=arabic|author=Pauline Todry}}&lt;/ref&gt; site na Grik oge ochie παράλιος, &quot;ụsọ oké osimiri, oké osimiri&quot; ma ọ bụ ⲛⲓⲕⲉϫⲱⲩ Nikejow). Ọ dị na Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Rosetta, ókèala ya na Oké Osimiri Mediterenian n'ebe ugwu na ala ọrụ ugbo n'ebe ndịda.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
N'oge mbụ nke oge Alakụba, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Burullus dị nso n'ọnụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ (ebe e jikọtara ya na oké osimiri site na obere oghere). Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Burullus rụrụ ọrụ dị ka otu n'ime ebe nchekwa dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri Naịl Delta. Ebe obibi agwaetiti dị n'ime ọdọ mmiri a na-akpọ Nastaru nyere ọdọ mmiri ahụ aha ya dum. Ọwa mmiri jikọtara ọdọ mmiri ahụ na alaka Rosetta nke Naịl.. N'oge a, ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-eto ma na-agbasawanye n'ebe ndịda n'ihi mgbanwe na ndagwurugwu mmiri na ndagwụba nke ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Medieval Nile: Route, Navigation, and Landscape in Islamic Egypt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYWlBAAAQBAJ|first=John|author=Cooper|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|year=2014|isbn=9789774166143|pages=72–73}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala ==
[[Faịlụ:Escapism.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|Obere agwaetiti dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Burullus]]
E kewapụrụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ site n'oké osimiri site n'otu ala dị ihe dị ka otu akụkụ {{convert|5.5|km|abbr=on}} sara mbara. Njikọ ya na Mediterenian site na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Burullus, ọwa dị nso {{convert|250|m|abbr=on}} sara mbara na {{convert|5|m|abbr=on}} miri emi. E nwere ihe dị ka agwaetiti iri ise n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ebe niile dị {{convert|0.7|km2|abbr=on}}. Akụkụ ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ isi ihe mejupụtara ala nnues na ala ntụs, ebe ndịda bụ isi ihe ala ahịhịas. Osisi kachasị na ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ''Potamogeton''.&lt;ref name=Finkl-Makowski/&gt;

== Mmiri na-amụ banyere mmiri ==
Ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-enweta mmiri mmiri site na ala ugbo gbara ya gburugburu na mmiri dị ọcha site na Brembal Canal.&lt;ref name=Finkl-Makowski/&gt; A na-ewere ya dị ka ọdọ mmiri na Ala mmiri dị mkpa maka nnụnụ n'okpuru Nkwekọrịta Ramsar. Mmiri na-agbanye n'ime mmiri nke ọrụ ugbo na-eme ka 97% nke ngụkọta nke mmiri na-abanye n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ (&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;.9 ijeri m3 kwa afọ), mmiri ozuzo (2%) na mmiri dị n'okpuru ala (1%) sochiri. 16% nke mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-apụ n'anya na 84% na-asọba n'oké osimiri.

== Anụ Ọhịa ==
[[Faịlụ:Fishermen_Buddies.webm|thumb|Ndị ọkụ azụ n'Ọdọ Mmiri Burullus]]
Dị ka Biodiversity Report nke Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency si kwuo, ụdị azụ 33, ụdị anụ na-akpụ akpụ 23, ụdị nnụnụ 112, na ụdị anụ na'ebe dị 18 bi n'ime na gburugburu ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Ụdị azụ dị iche iche belatara site na 52 edere na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20, karịsịa n'ihi mmụba nke mmiri ọrụ ugbo n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-akpata obere nnu.&lt;ref&gt;Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency:[https://web.archive.org/web/20170517102323/http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/english/reports/SoE2008En/Part%203%20Land/Chapter%207%20Biodiversity.pdf Egypt State of the Environment Report 2007], Chapter on Biodiversity, 2008, accessed on November 8, 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==

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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190829071334/http://www.eeaa.gov.eg/en-us/topics/nature/protectorates/protectoratesdescription.aspx Ministry of Environment Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency - Natural Protectorates Description]</text>
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    <title>Ọdọ Mmiri Bardawil</title>
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      <text bytes="9466" sha1="l798sh1vqna31pr3oe8764bivfju61d" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Lagoon on the north coast of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name               = Lake Bardawil
| image              = Egypt.A2003036.0840.jpg
| caption            = Satellite Image of Lake Bardawil
| image_bathymetry   = 
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| pushpin_map        = Egypt
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| basin_countries    = Egypt
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| area               = {{convert|59500|ha|abbr=on}}
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| extra              = {{Designation list
 | embed = yes
 | designation1 = Ramsar
 | designation1_date = 9 September 1988
 | designation1_number = 407&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Bardawil|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/407|accessdate=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
}}

[[Faịlụ:2012_Bardawil_(Egypt).jpg|thumb|Nnụnụ ndị na-eme ihe ọchị na-adọta ma na-achụ nta nnụnụ na-efe efe na Lake Bardawil]]
'''Lake Bardawil''' (Arabic: بحيرة البردويل,  ma ọ bụ سبخة البردويل Sabḵat al-Bardawīl), bụ nnukwu nnu mmiri ọdọ mmiri dị nso na Zaranik (a maara ya maka ụdị ụmụ ahụhụ dị iche iche ya)&lt;ref&gt;El-Moursy A.. El-Hawagry M.. Abdeldayem M.. Fadl H.. 2001. [https://ecology.nottingham.ac.uk/~plzfg/EBBSoc/ejnh3/el-moursy2001.pdf Insect Diversity in Zaranik Protectorate, Northern Sinai, Egypt] (pdf). Egyptian Journal of Natural History. Vol. 3 (2001). pp.62-80. Retrieved on September 09, 2017&lt;/ref&gt; na nnụnụ mmiri&lt;ref&gt;[[BirdLife International]]. [http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/zaranik-protected-area-iba-egypt Important Bird Areas factsheet: Zaranik Protected Area]. Retrieved on September 09, 2017&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Tour Egypt. [http://www.touregypt.net/parks/zaranik.htm Zaranik Protected Area in Egypt]. September 09, 2017&lt;/ref&gt;) na [[Egypt]] n'ụsọ oké osimiri ugwu nke Sinai Peninsula. Ọdọ mmiri Bardawil dị ihe dị ka {{convert|30|km|mi|sp=us}} ogologo, na {{convert|14|km|mi|sp=us}} obosara (n'obosara ya kachasị). A na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri atọ dị mkpa nke Ala Saịnaị, tinyere Ọdọ Mmiri Bitter Great na Ọdọ Mmiri Bitter Little.&lt;ref name=&quot;CurrentSize&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Kusky|first=Timothy M.|title=Encyclopedia of Earth Science|date=May 14, 2014|publisher=New York Academy of Sciences|isbn=9781438110042|page=387|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p1Bs03rhZzwC&amp;dq=lake+bardawil&amp;pg=PA387|accessdate=11 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ebelata nha ka ájá na-agagharị ma na-aghọ ihe dị ka playa ma ọ bụ sabkha karịa ọdọ mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fauna&quot; /&gt; N'etiti Port Saịd na Rafah bụ sabkha atọ bụ́ isi nke na-agbasa site n'ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ọwụwa anyanwụ: Sabkhat El Malaha (Ọdọ Mmiri Fouad), Sabkhat Bardawil (Ọdọ Mmiri Bardawil) na Sabkhat El Sheikh Zawayed.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sabkhat&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=M. Ajmal|last2=Böer|first2=Benno|last3=Kust|first3=German S.|last4=Barth|first4=Hans-Jörg|title=Sabkha Ecosystems: Volume II: West and Central Asia|date=Aug 27, 2008|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9781402050725|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IYVGAAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=lake+bardawil&amp;pg=PA154|accessdate=11 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ miri ahụ adịghị omimi, na-eru omimi nke ihe dị ka mita 3, ma kewapụrụ ya na Oké Osimiri Mediterenian site na obere ájá, na mmiri nke oké osimiri na-enwekarị ụzọ ha n'ime, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nnu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fauna&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Image2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Bardawil on Northern Shores of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt – December 5th, 2010|url=http://www.eosnap.com/image-of-the-day/lake-bardawil-on-northern-shores-of-sinai-peninsula-egypt-december-5th-2010/|work=Earth Snapchat|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111123119/http://www.eosnap.com/image-of-the-day/lake-bardawil-on-northern-shores-of-sinai-peninsula-egypt-december-5th-2010/|archivedate=2016-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere International Ramsar Convention chebere Ala mmiri nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke obere tern.&lt;ref name=&quot;ProtectedSite&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Bardawil - Marine (2016) Important Bird Areas Factsheet|url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/30814|work=Birdlife International|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191440/http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/30814|archivedate=2016-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; 30% nke ụdị ndị e dekọrọ na Oké Osimiri Mediterenian nke Sinai dị na Lake Bardawil. Ụdị osisi isii na-eyi egwu dị na Lake Bardawil, gụnyere ''Iris Mariae'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Fauna&quot; /&gt;

O nwere ebe obibi isii, gụnyere mmiri mepere emepe, ala nnu na-ede mmiri, ala ájá na hummock (nebkas), dunes ájá kwụsiri ike, interdune depressions, na dunes ámá na-agagharị agagharị. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fauna&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Zahran|first=M.A.|title=The Vegetation of Egypt|date=November 23, 2008|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9781402087561|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=svLDxKCIs5AC&amp;dq=lake+bardawil&amp;pg=PA218}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFZahranWillis2008&quot;&gt;Zahran, M.A.; Willis, A.J. (November 23, 2008). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

E wezụga ụdị nnụnụ dị iche iche, a maara mpaghara ahụ maka mbe mmiri na dolfin imi.&lt;ref&gt;Nada M.A.. Boura L.., Grimanis K.. Schofield G.. El-Alwany A. M.. Noor N.. Ommeran M. M.. Rabia B.. 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170908202015/http://www.medasset.org/technical-reports-position-papers-policy-recommendations/egypts-bardawil-lake-safe-haven-or-deadly-trap-for-sea-turtles-in-the-mediterranean/ Egypt's Bardawil Lake: safe haven or deadly trap for sea turtles in the Mediterranean?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908202015/http://www.medasset.org/technical-reports-position-papers-policy-recommendations/egypts-bardawil-lake-safe-haven-or-deadly-trap-for-sea-turtles-in-the-mediterranean/|date=2017-09-08}}. MEDASSET, [[Suez Canal University]], [[Nature Conservation Egypt]].&lt;/ref&gt;;ọ bụ ezie na ọnụọgụ ọnwụ dị elu n'etiti mbe mmiri dị oke njọ &lt;ref&gt;[[IUCN]]. 2014. [https://www.iucn.org/es/node/15790 Conservation of Bardawil Wetland and sea turtles in Egypt] .Retrieved on September 09, 2017&lt;/ref&gt; N'akwụkwọ data uhie nke IUCN nke afọ 2006, e nwere ụdị osisi isii dị egwu dị nso n'Ọdọ Mmiri ahụ, ha gụnyere Astragalus camelorum, Bellevalia salah-eidi, Biorum oliveri, Iris mariae, Lobularia arabica na Salsola tetragona. Anọ mbụ bụ ụdị osisi jupụtara ebe niile.&lt;ref&gt;M.A. Zahran and A.J. Willis {{google books|svLDxKCIs5AC|The Vegetation of Egypt|page=228}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụfọdụ ụmụ akwụkwọ nke Ọpụpụ Ndị Hibru si Ijipt na-eche na ebe a dị nso na ọdụ nke anọ nke Ọpụ, nke a na-akpọ Pi-Hahiroth, na-ekwu na &quot;Ọ nwere ike ịbụ n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọnụ ọdịda anyanwụ Ọdọ Mmiri Bardawil&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Exodus&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hobbs|first=Joseph J.|title=Mount Sinai|date=February 19, 2014|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=9780292761513|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XBXlAgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=lake+bardawil&amp;pg=PT56|accessdate=11 November 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nwere ike ịbụ ihe Herodotus kọwara dị ka Bog Serbonian, n'etiti Damietta na Ugwu Casius, na Akụkọ ihe mere eme ya nke c. 430BCE.&lt;ref name=&quot;HerodotusSerbonianBog&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Milton|first=John|title=Paradise Lost|year=2005|publisher=Hackett Publishing|isbn=9781603843980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1UkKRY4Of74C&amp;dq=serbonian+bog&amp;pg=PA62|accessdate=11 November 2016|edition=Kastan}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Herodotus&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lane Fox|first=Robin|title=Travelling Heroes: Greeks and their myths in the epic age of Homer|date=September 4, 2008|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=9780141889863|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KQAlsZKSCcwC&amp;dq=Robin+Lane+Fox,+herodotus,+serbonian+bog&amp;pg=PT259}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-akpọ ọdọ mmiri Bardawil aha eze Crusader Baldwin I.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Jerusalem : the biography|author=Sebag Montefiore, Simon, 1965-|date=2011|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|isbn=9780307594488|edition=1st American|location=New York|oclc=763182492}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịbụ onye bi na Jerusalem, Baldwin wakporo Ijipt iji chekwaa alaeze ya. Ọ dara ọrịa mgbe ọ na-egbu azụ na Osimiri Naịl. Mgbe a na-eweghachi ya na Jerusalem na 1118 OA, Baldwin nwụrụ na El-Arish.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

N'oge agha Sinai na Palestine nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ndị agha Allied nke Canterbury Mounted Rifles gbalịrị igwu ọwa mmiri site n'oké osimiri ruo na njedebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Bardawil iji mee ka idei mmiri jupụta ya ma gbochie ndị agha nke Central Powers ịwakpo Romani site n'ebe ugwu, mana ha enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Devils&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Devils on Horses in the Words of the Anzacs in the Middle East,1916–19|author=Kinloch|first=Terry|year=2007|publisher=Exisle Publishing|location=Auckland|isbn=978-0-908988-94-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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    <title>Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu Afrịka</title>
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[[Faịlụ:African_Great_Lakes.svg|thumb|Usoro nke Ọdọ Mmírí Ukwu Afrịka, na-acha anụnụ anụnụ]]
[[Faịlụ:MapGreatRiftValley.png|thumb|Map nke mpaghara buru ibu gụnyere East African Rift na ihe a na-akpọ Great Rift Valley]]
'''Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu Afrịka''' (Swahili: Maziwa Makuu; Kinyarwanda: Ibiyaga bigari) bụ usoro nke ọdọ mmiri ndị mejupụtara akụkụ nke ọdọ mmiri Rift Valley dị n'ime na gburugburu Osimiri East Africa. Usoro ihe nkiri a gụnyere [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria]], ọdọ mmiri nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa site na mpaghara; Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika, ọdọ mmiri mmiri nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa site na olu na omimi; Ọdọ Mmiri Malawi, ọdọ mmiri mmiri nke anọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa site na olu; na Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana, ọdọ mmiri ọzara kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa na ọdọ mmiri alkaline kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;zambiatour&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/places/tanganyi.htm|title=~ZAMBIA~|publisher=www.zambiatourism.com|accessdate=2008-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ozuzu ha, ha nwere mmiri ruru 31,000 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (7,400 mi&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), nke karịrị ọdọ mmiri Baikal ma ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri ndị dị n'Ebe Ugwu Amerịka. Ngụkọta a bụ ihe dị ka pasentị iri abụọ na ise nke mmiri dị ọcha dị n'elu ụwa a na-enweghị oyi. Nnukwu ọdọ mmiri ndị dị n'akụkụ oké osimiri nke Afrịka bụ ebe obibi ochie nke nnukwu ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, pasentị iri nke ụdị azụ̀ dị n'ụwa bi na mpaghara a.

Mba ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ nke ọdọ mmiri nke mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu dị n'akụkụ ya gụnyere [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Rwanda]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]] na [[Zambia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Idnotgalr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region|url=http://library.princeton.edu/resource/3870|publisher=Princeton University Library|accessdate=22 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Commons category}}

== Ọdọ mmiri na ebe mmiri sị apụ ==
Ndị a dị n'ọtụtụ ndepụta nke ọdọ mmiri ukwu nke Afrịka, nke e ji ebe mmiri sị apụ wee chịkọta. Ọnụọgụgụ kpọmkwem nke ọdọ mmiri ndị a na-ewere dị ka akụkụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu Afrịka dịgasị iche site na ndepụta, ma nwee ike ịgụnye obere ọdọ mmiri ndị dị na ndagwurugwu ndị dị n'ime ala, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ha bụ akụkụ nke otu ebe mmiri sị apụ dị ka ọdọ mmiri ndị buru ibu, dịka Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga.

=== Ọdọ mmiri ndị na-asọba n'OsimiriWhite Nile ===

* [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria]]
* Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga (akụkụ nke usoro Great Lakes mana ọ bụghị onwe ya &quot;ọdọ mmiri ukwu&quot;) 
* Ọdọ Mmiri Albert
* Ọdọ Mmiri Edward

=== Ọdọ mmiri ndị na-asọba n'Osimiri Congo ===

* Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika
* Ọdọ Mmiri Kivu
* Ọdọ Mmiri Mweru
* Ọdọ Mmiri Bangweulu

=== Ọdọ Mmiri nke na-abanye na Zambezi ===

* Ọdọ Mmiri Malawi, site na Osimiri Shire

=== Ọdọ mmiri ndị nwere ọdọ mmiri mechiri emechi ===

* Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana
* Ọdọ Mmiri Rukwa

== Ógbè Great Lakes nke Africa ==
Mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu (ọ naghị adịkarị: Mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Ndị Ka Ukwuu) nwere mba iri dị n'akụkụ osimiri: [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Rwanda]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], na [[Zambia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Idnotgalr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region|url=http://library.princeton.edu/resource/3870|publisher=Princeton University Library|accessdate=22 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okwu a na-akpọ interlacustrine (&quot;n'etiti ọdọ mmiri&quot;) nwere ike ịpụta mpaghara ahụ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shillington|first=Kevin|authorlink=Kevin Shillington|title=Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WixiTjxYdkYC&amp;pg=PA320|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-45669-6|quote=the fertile corridor of the Great Lakes Region (also called the interlacustrine region)}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ọ bụ karịa kpọmkwem, mba ma ọ bụ mpaghara nke ọdọ mmiri gbara gburugburu.&lt;ref&gt;{{M-W|interlacustrine}} &quot;the region of Africa that is bounded by Lakes Victoria, Kyoga, Albert, Edward, and Tanganyika&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Asụsụ Swahili]] bụ asụsụ a na-asụkarị n'ógbè ọdọ mmiri ukwu nke Afrịka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shema&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Shema|first=Rutagengwa Claude|title=Great Lakes Region of Africa – Burundi|url=http://www.author-me.com/nonfiction/greatlakesregion-burundi.htm|publisher=Author-me|accessdate=22 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka asụsụ mba ma ọ bụ nke gọọmentị nke mba ise dị na mpaghara ahụ: Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, na Democratic Republic of the Congo.

N'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ ya dị elu—a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ ga-eru ihe karịrị nde mmadụ iri ise na 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Obiero|first=Kevin|date=2020-10-01|title=Advancing Africa’s Great Lakes research and academic potential: Answering the call for harmonized, long-term, collaborative networks and partnerships|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S038013302030037X|journal=Journal of Great Lakes Research|volume=46|issue=5|pages=1240–1250|doi=10.1016/j.jglr.2020.02.002|issn=0380-1330}}&lt;/ref&gt;—na oke ọrụ ugbo dị na mpaghara ahụ, a haziri mpaghara ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ọtụtụ steeti nta. Ndị kacha ike n'ime ọchịchị ndị a bụ Buganda, Bunyoro, Karagwe, Rwanda, na Burundi.

Ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ ebe a na-achọkarị isi mmiri Nile na ebe atọ dị n'etiti osimiri Nile, Congo na Zambezi, mpaghara ahụ abụrụla ebe ndị Europe na-achọkarị. Ndị Yuropu mbụ rutere na mpaghara ahụ n'ọnụọgụgụ ọ bụla bụ Ndị Kraịst Ndị ozi ala ọzọ bụ ndị nwere obere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbanwe ndị obodo ahụ, mana o meghere mpaghara ahụ maka ọchịchị mgbe e mesịrị. Mmụba mmekọrịta na mba ndị ọzọ metụtara ụwa dugara n'ọtụtụ ọrịa dị egwu nke metụtara ma mmadụ ma anụ ụlọ.

Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụ mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu dị ka mpaghara nwere nnukwu ikike mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị, mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu enwetawo nsogbu site na agha obodo na esemokwu n'ime afọ iri anọ gburugburu mmalite nke narị afọ nke 21 (ihe dị ka 1980 rụọ 2020). N'afọ 2022, Kọmishọna Ukwu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Ndị Gbara Ọsọ Ndụ (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) toro [[Tanzania]] maka ịnabata na inyere ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ si mba ndị ọzọ nọ na mpaghara ahụ aka mgbe niile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=In Tanzania, UNHCR's Grandi urges more backing for solutions as the country continues to host refugees|date=27 Aug 2022|url=https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/news/press/2022/8/6309c8f34/tanzania-unhcrs-grandi-urges-backing-solutions-country-continues-host-refugees.html#_ga=2.182632673.654779216.1669226601-1178526418.1669226601|work=UNHCR US|accessdate=23 Nov 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
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== Ọnọdụ ihu igwe ==
AlaUgwu ndị dị n'elu ugwu ahụ dị jụụ nke ukwuu, okpomọkụ ha dịkwa n'etiti 17°C (63°F) na 19°C (66°F) ma nwee mmiri ozuzo buru ibu. Isi mmiri mmiri ndị a na-agbapụta gụnyere osimiri Congo-Zaire, Nile, na Zambezi, bụ́ ndị na-asọba n'ime [[Oshimiri Atlantic|Osimiri Atlantic]], Oké Osimiri Mediterenian, na Oké Osimiri India, n'otu n'otu.

Oke ọhịa dị n'ala dị larịị nke Congo-Zaire Basin, ebe ala ahịhịa na savanna (ala ahịhịa kpọrọ nkụ) na-adịkarị n'ugwu ndịda na ọwụwa anyanwụ. Okpomọkụ dị n'ala dị larịị dị ihe dị ka 35°C (95°F). N'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri Turkana, ihu igwe dị ọkụ ma kpọọ nkụ nke ukwuu. Oge mmiri ozuzo dị mkpirikpi n'ọnwa Ọktoba na-esochi oge mmiri ozuzo dị ogologo site n'April ruo Mee.

== Ahịhịa ndụ na ụmụ anụmanụ ==
Ọdọ mmiri ndị dị na Western Rift Valley bụ mmiri dị ọcha ma nwee ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche. Ihe karịrị ụdị azụ̀ 1,500 bi n'ọdọ mmiri ndị ahụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Turner2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Turner|year=2001|title=How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?|journal=[[Molecular Ecology]]|volume=10|issue=3|pages=793–806|doi=10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x|pmid=11298988}}&lt;/ref&gt; tinyere ezinụlọ azụ ndị ọzọ. Ọdọ mmiri ndị a bụkwa ebe obibi dị mkpa maka ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ amphibians. Agụ iyi Naịl dị ọtụtụ. Anụmanụ ndị na-amụ nwa gụnyere enyí, ọzọdịmgba na hippopotamus.

Mpaghara ọdọ mmiri Turkana bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ narị ụdị nnụnụ ndị a na-ahụkarị na Kenya. Mmiri flamingo na-asọba n'ime ala ya dị omimi. Usoro mgbawa nke East Africa na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ụzọ ikuku maka nnụnụ ndị na-akwaga ebe ọzọ, na-eweta ọtụtụ narị ndị ọzọ. Nnụnụ ndị a na-enweta nnukwu nri site na plankton n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, bụ́ ihe na-azụkwa azụ̀ ndị dị ebe ahụ nri.

Akwụkwọ nri dị iche iche site na oke ọhịa ruo na ahịhịa savanna. N'ọdọ mmiri ụfọdụ, osisi ndị na-eto ngwa ngwa, dịka hyacinth mmiri na-ama jijiji n'elu ala na papyrus nke na-emechi emechi n'ụsọ osimiri, bụ nsogbu. Ruo ugbu a, ọ bụ naanị ọdọ mmiri Victoria ka Water hyacinth na enye nsogbu.

== Ọdịdị ala ==
Ruo nde afọ iri na abụọ gara aga, mmiri jupụtara na ala dị larịị nke equatorial na-asọba n'ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'usoro Osimiri Congo ma ọ bụ n'ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'Oké Osimiri India. E guzobere Ndagwurugwu Ukwu Rift nke mere ka nke a gbanwe. Rift bụ ebe na-adịghị ike n'ime ala ụwa n'ihi nkewa nke efere tectonic abụọ, nke a na-ejikarị eriri ma ọ bụ ihe e ji ekpuchi mmiri, nke mmiri ọdọ mmiri nwere ike ịchịkọta, na-esokarị. Nkewa a malitere mgbe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka, nke mmiri ozuzo na-akpali, malitere ikewapụ onwe ya na akụkụ Afrịka ndị ọzọ, na-aga n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. Efere ndị sitere na elu ala jupụtara na mmiri nke na-asọba ugbu a n'ebe ugwu.

Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria adịghị n'ime Rift Valley. Ọ dị n'ime ala dị n'etiti Eastern Rifts na Western Rifts, nke e ji mmụba nke oghere ndị ahụ mee n'akụkụ abụọ ya.

== Nkà mmụta ihe ochie ==
Ihe dị ka afọ nde abụọ ruo atọ gara aga, Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana buru ibu karịa ma na-eme nri, ebe ahụ na-emekwa ka ọ bụrụ ebe etiti maka ndị mbido. [[Richard Leakey]] dugara ọtụtụ ihe e gwupụtara n'ebe ahụ, nke mere ka e nweta ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa nke ihe fọdụrụ n'ime ya. A chọtara Okpokoro isi 1470 dị afọ nde abụọ n'afọ 1972. E chere na ọ bụ ''Homo habilis'', mana ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta ihe gbasara mmadụ enyela ya ụdị ọhụrụ, ''Homo rudolfensis'', aha ya bụ site n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ (nke a maara na mbụ dị ka Ọdọ Mmiri Rudolf). N'afọ 1984, a chọtara otu nwa okorobịa Turkana, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkpụkpụ zuru oke nke otu nwa okorobịa ''Homo erectus''. N'afọ 1999, a chọtara okpokoro isi dị afọ 3,500,000 n'ebe ahụ, nke aha ya bụ ''Kenyanthropus platyops'', nke pụtara &quot;nwoke Kenya nwere ihu dị larịị&quot;.

== Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba ==
Ịkụ azụ—nke bụ́ isi n'ụdị tilapia kamakwa nke perch osimiri—na-enye ndị mmadụ bi na mpaghara ahụ ihe ha ji ebi ndụ. Ebe ọ bụ na e nwere ọdọ mmiri ukwu anọ dị n'ókèala ya, Uganda so n'ime ndị kacha emepụta azụ̀ mmiri dị ọcha n'ụwa. Ihu igwe na ala ugwu mgbawa bara ụba n'ugwu na-akwadokwa ala ubi a kụrụ nke ọma.

Akụ na ụba nke steeti mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu nwere usoro dị iche iche ma dị n'ọkwa dị iche iche nke mmepe. Ọnụego uto GDP n'ezie sitere na pasent 1.8 na Burundi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GDP growth (annual %) – Burundi|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=BI|accessdate=2021-10-23|work=World Bank Open Data}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruo 4.4 na DRC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Figure 1 – Real GDP Growth and Per Capita GDP ($ PPP at current prices)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/266155225581|accessdate=2021-10-23|doi=10.1787/266155225581|journal=OECD}}&lt;/ref&gt; GDP kwa onye ọ bụla na-agbanwe n'etiti $600 na DRC&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GDP per capita (current US$) – Congo, Dem. Rep.|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=CD|accessdate=2021-10-23|work=World Bank Open Data}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Burundi na $800 na Uganda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GDP per capita (current US$) – Uganda|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=UG|accessdate=2021-10-23|work=World Bank Open Data}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==
 

* 2005 Ala ọma jijiji nke Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika
* Ala ọma jijiji nke ọdọ mmiri Kivu na 2008
* Ala Dị larịị nke Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka
* Nsogbu ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na Great Lakes
* Ndepụta ọdọ mmiri
* Ndepụta ọdọ mmiri site na mpaghara
* Ọdọ Mmiri Rift

== Ihe edeturu ==
{{Commons category}}{{Regions of Africa}}

== Edensibia ==
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* {{Cite book|first=Jean-Pierre|author=Chrétien|title=The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History|location=New York|publisher=[[Zone Books]]|year=2006|isbn=1-890951-35-8}}
{{Regions of Africa}}
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[[Faịlụ:African_Great_Lakes.svg|thumb|Usoro nke Ọdọ Mmírí Ukwu Afrịka, na-acha anụnụ anụnụ]]
[[Faịlụ:MapGreatRiftValley.png|thumb|Map nke mpaghara buru ibu gụnyere East African Rift na ihe a na-akpọ Great Rift Valley]]
'''Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu Afrịka''' (Swahili: Maziwa Makuu; Kinyarwanda: Ibiyaga bigari) bụ usoro nke ọdọ mmiri ndị mejupụtara akụkụ nke ọdọ mmiri Rift Valley dị n'ime na gburugburu Osimiri East Africa. Usoro ihe nkiri a gụnyere [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria]], ọdọ mmiri nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa site na mpaghara; Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika, ọdọ mmiri mmiri nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa site na olu na omimi; Ọdọ Mmiri Malawi, ọdọ mmiri mmiri nke anọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa site na olu; na Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana, ọdọ mmiri ọzara kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa na ọdọ mmiri alkaline kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;zambiatour&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/places/tanganyi.htm|title=~ZAMBIA~|publisher=www.zambiatourism.com|accessdate=2008-03-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ozuzu ha, ha nwere mmiri ruru 31,000 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (7,400 mi&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;), nke karịrị ọdọ mmiri Baikal ma ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri ndị dị n'Ebe Ugwu Amerịka. Ngụkọta a bụ ihe dị ka pasentị iri abụọ na ise nke mmiri dị ọcha dị n'elu ụwa a na-enweghị oyi. Nnukwu ọdọ mmiri ndị dị n'akụkụ oké osimiri nke Afrịka bụ ebe obibi ochie nke nnukwu ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ, pasentị iri nke ụdị azụ̀ dị n'ụwa bi na mpaghara a.

Mba ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ nke ọdọ mmiri nke mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu dị n'akụkụ ya gụnyere [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Rwanda]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]] na [[Zambia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Idnotgalr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region|url=http://library.princeton.edu/resource/3870|publisher=Princeton University Library|accessdate=22 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Commons category}}

== Ọdọ mmiri na ebe mmiri sị apụ ==
Ndị a dị n'ọtụtụ ndepụta nke ọdọ mmiri ukwu nke Afrịka, nke e ji ebe mmiri sị apụ wee chịkọta. Ọnụọgụgụ kpọmkwem nke ọdọ mmiri ndị a na-ewere dị ka akụkụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu Afrịka dịgasị iche site na ndepụta, ma nwee ike ịgụnye obere ọdọ mmiri ndị dị na ndagwurugwu ndị dị n'ime ala, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ha bụ akụkụ nke otu ebe mmiri sị apụ dị ka ọdọ mmiri ndị buru ibu, dịka Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga.

=== Ọdọ mmiri ndị na-asọba n'OsimiriWhite Nile ===

* [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria]]
* Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga (akụkụ nke usoro Great Lakes mana ọ bụghị onwe ya &quot;ọdọ mmiri ukwu&quot;) 
* Ọdọ Mmiri Albert
* Ọdọ Mmiri Edward

=== Ọdọ mmiri ndị na-asọba n'Osimiri Congo ===

* Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika
* Ọdọ Mmiri Kivu
* Ọdọ Mmiri Mweru
* Ọdọ Mmiri Bangweulu

=== Ọdọ Mmiri nke na-abanye na Zambezi ===

* Ọdọ Mmiri Malawi, site na Osimiri Shire

=== Ọdọ mmiri ndị nwere ọdọ mmiri mechiri emechi ===

* Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana
* Ọdọ Mmiri Rukwa

== Ógbè Great Lakes nke Africa ==
Mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu (ọ naghị adịkarị: Mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Ndị Ka Ukwuu) nwere mba iri dị n'akụkụ osimiri: [[Burundi]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]], [[Rwanda]], [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], na [[Zambia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Idnotgalr&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region|url=http://library.princeton.edu/resource/3870|publisher=Princeton University Library|accessdate=22 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Okwu a na-akpọ interlacustrine (&quot;n'etiti ọdọ mmiri&quot;) nwere ike ịpụta mpaghara ahụ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shillington|first=Kevin|authorlink=Kevin Shillington|title=Encyclopedia of African History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WixiTjxYdkYC&amp;pg=PA320|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-45669-6|quote=the fertile corridor of the Great Lakes Region (also called the interlacustrine region)}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ọ bụ karịa kpọmkwem, mba ma ọ bụ mpaghara nke ọdọ mmiri gbara gburugburu.&lt;ref&gt;{{M-W|interlacustrine}} &quot;the region of Africa that is bounded by Lakes Victoria, Kyoga, Albert, Edward, and Tanganyika&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Asụsụ Swahili]] bụ asụsụ a na-asụkarị n'ógbè ọdọ mmiri ukwu nke Afrịka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Shema&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Shema|first=Rutagengwa Claude|title=Great Lakes Region of Africa – Burundi|url=http://www.author-me.com/nonfiction/greatlakesregion-burundi.htm|publisher=Author-me|accessdate=22 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka asụsụ mba ma ọ bụ nke gọọmentị nke mba ise dị na mpaghara ahụ: Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, na Democratic Republic of the Congo.

N'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ ya dị elu—a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ ga-eru ihe karịrị nde mmadụ iri ise na 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Obiero|first=Kevin|date=2020-10-01|title=Advancing Africa’s Great Lakes research and academic potential: Answering the call for harmonized, long-term, collaborative networks and partnerships|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S038013302030037X|journal=Journal of Great Lakes Research|volume=46|issue=5|pages=1240–1250|doi=10.1016/j.jglr.2020.02.002|issn=0380-1330}}&lt;/ref&gt;—na oke ọrụ ugbo dị na mpaghara ahụ, a haziri mpaghara ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ọtụtụ steeti nta. Ndị kacha ike n'ime ọchịchị ndị a bụ Buganda, Bunyoro, Karagwe, Rwanda, na Burundi.

Ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ ebe a na-achọkarị isi mmiri Nile na ebe atọ dị n'etiti osimiri Nile, Congo na Zambezi, mpaghara ahụ abụrụla ebe ndị Europe na-achọkarị. Ndị Yuropu mbụ rutere na mpaghara ahụ n'ọnụọgụgụ ọ bụla bụ Ndị Kraịst Ndị ozi ala ọzọ bụ ndị nwere obere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgbanwe ndị obodo ahụ, mana o meghere mpaghara ahụ maka ọchịchị mgbe e mesịrị. Mmụba mmekọrịta na mba ndị ọzọ metụtara ụwa dugara n'ọtụtụ ọrịa dị egwu nke metụtara ma mmadụ ma anụ ụlọ.

Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụ mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu dị ka mpaghara nwere nnukwu ikike mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị, mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu enwetawo nsogbu site na agha obodo na esemokwu n'ime afọ iri anọ gburugburu mmalite nke narị afọ nke 21 (ihe dị ka 1980 rụọ 2020). N'afọ 2022, Kọmishọna Ukwu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Ndị Gbara Ọsọ Ndụ (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) toro [[Tanzania]] maka ịnabata na inyere ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ si mba ndị ọzọ nọ na mpaghara ahụ aka mgbe niile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=In Tanzania, UNHCR's Grandi urges more backing for solutions as the country continues to host refugees|date=27 Aug 2022|url=https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/news/press/2022/8/6309c8f34/tanzania-unhcrs-grandi-urges-backing-solutions-country-continues-host-refugees.html#_ga=2.182632673.654779216.1669226601-1178526418.1669226601|work=UNHCR US|accessdate=23 Nov 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
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== Ọnọdụ ihu igwe ==
AlaUgwu ndị dị n'elu ugwu ahụ dị jụụ nke ukwuu, okpomọkụ ha dịkwa n'etiti 17°C (63°F) na 19°C (66°F) ma nwee mmiri ozuzo buru ibu. Isi mmiri mmiri ndị a na-agbapụta gụnyere osimiri Congo-Zaire, Nile, na Zambezi, bụ́ ndị na-asọba n'ime [[Oshimiri Atlantic|Osimiri Atlantic]], Oké Osimiri Mediterenian, na Oké Osimiri India, n'otu n'otu.

Oke ọhịa dị n'ala dị larịị nke Congo-Zaire Basin, ebe ala ahịhịa na savanna (ala ahịhịa kpọrọ nkụ) na-adịkarị n'ugwu ndịda na ọwụwa anyanwụ. Okpomọkụ dị n'ala dị larịị dị ihe dị ka 35°C (95°F). N'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri Turkana, ihu igwe dị ọkụ ma kpọọ nkụ nke ukwuu. Oge mmiri ozuzo dị mkpirikpi n'ọnwa Ọktoba na-esochi oge mmiri ozuzo dị ogologo site n'April ruo Mee.

== Ahịhịa ndụ na ụmụ anụmanụ ==
Ọdọ mmiri ndị dị na Western Rift Valley bụ mmiri dị ọcha ma nwee ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ dị iche iche. Ihe karịrị ụdị azụ̀ 1,500 bi n'ọdọ mmiri ndị ahụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Turner2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Turner|year=2001|title=How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?|journal=[[Molecular Ecology]]|volume=10|issue=3|pages=793–806|doi=10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x|pmid=11298988}}&lt;/ref&gt; tinyere ezinụlọ azụ ndị ọzọ. Ọdọ mmiri ndị a bụkwa ebe obibi dị mkpa maka ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ amphibians. Agụ iyi Naịl dị ọtụtụ. Anụmanụ ndị na-amụ nwa gụnyere enyí, ọzọdịmgba na hippopotamus.

Mpaghara ọdọ mmiri Turkana bụ ebe obibi nke ọtụtụ narị ụdị nnụnụ ndị a na-ahụkarị na Kenya. Mmiri flamingo na-asọba n'ime ala ya dị omimi. Usoro mgbawa nke East Africa na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ụzọ ikuku maka nnụnụ ndị na-akwaga ebe ọzọ, na-eweta ọtụtụ narị ndị ọzọ. Nnụnụ ndị a na-enweta nnukwu nri site na plankton n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, bụ́ ihe na-azụkwa azụ̀ ndị dị ebe ahụ nri.

Akwụkwọ nri dị iche iche site na oke ọhịa ruo na ahịhịa savanna. N'ọdọ mmiri ụfọdụ, osisi ndị na-eto ngwa ngwa, dịka hyacinth mmiri na-ama jijiji n'elu ala na papyrus nke na-emechi emechi n'ụsọ osimiri, bụ nsogbu. Ruo ugbu a, ọ bụ naanị ọdọ mmiri Victoria ka Water hyacinth na enye nsogbu.

== Ọdịdị ala ==
Ruo nde afọ iri na abụọ gara aga, mmiri jupụtara na ala dị larịị nke equatorial na-asọba n'ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'usoro Osimiri Congo ma ọ bụ n'ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'Oké Osimiri India. E guzobere Ndagwurugwu Ukwu Rift nke mere ka nke a gbanwe. Rift bụ ebe na-adịghị ike n'ime ala ụwa n'ihi nkewa nke efere tectonic abụọ, nke a na-ejikarị eriri ma ọ bụ ihe e ji ekpuchi mmiri, nke mmiri ọdọ mmiri nwere ike ịchịkọta, na-esokarị. Nkewa a malitere mgbe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka, nke mmiri ozuzo na-akpali, malitere ikewapụ onwe ya na akụkụ Afrịka ndị ọzọ, na-aga n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. Efere ndị sitere na elu ala jupụtara na mmiri nke na-asọba ugbu a n'ebe ugwu.

Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria adịghị n'ime Rift Valley. Ọ dị n'ime ala dị n'etiti Eastern Rifts na Western Rifts, nke e ji mmụba nke oghere ndị ahụ mee n'akụkụ abụọ ya.

== Nkà mmụta ihe ochie ==
Ihe dị ka afọ nde abụọ ruo atọ gara aga, Ọdọ Mmiri Turkana buru ibu karịa ma na-eme nri, ebe ahụ na-emekwa ka ọ bụrụ ebe etiti maka ndị mbido. [[Richard Leakey]] dugara ọtụtụ ihe e gwupụtara n'ebe ahụ, nke mere ka e nweta ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa nke ihe fọdụrụ n'ime ya. A chọtara Okpokoro isi 1470 dị afọ nde abụọ n'afọ 1972. E chere na ọ bụ ''Homo habilis'', mana ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta ihe gbasara mmadụ enyela ya ụdị ọhụrụ, ''Homo rudolfensis'', aha ya bụ site n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ (nke a maara na mbụ dị ka Ọdọ Mmiri Rudolf). N'afọ 1984, a chọtara otu nwa okorobịa Turkana, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkpụkpụ zuru oke nke otu nwa okorobịa ''Homo erectus''. N'afọ 1999, a chọtara okpokoro isi dị afọ 3,500,000 n'ebe ahụ, nke aha ya bụ ''Kenyanthropus platyops'', nke pụtara &quot;nwoke Kenya nwere ihu dị larịị&quot;.

== Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba ==
Ịkụ azụ—nke bụ́ isi n'ụdị tilapia kamakwa nke perch osimiri—na-enye ndị mmadụ bi na mpaghara ahụ ihe ha ji ebi ndụ. Ebe ọ bụ na e nwere ọdọ mmiri ukwu anọ dị n'ókèala ya, Uganda so n'ime ndị kacha emepụta azụ̀ mmiri dị ọcha n'ụwa. Ihu igwe na ala ugwu mgbawa bara ụba n'ugwu na-akwadokwa ala ubi a kụrụ nke ọma.

Akụ na ụba nke steeti mpaghara Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu nwere usoro dị iche iche ma dị n'ọkwa dị iche iche nke mmepe. Ọnụego uto GDP n'ezie sitere na pasent 1.8 na Burundi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GDP growth (annual %) – Burundi|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=BI|accessdate=2021-10-23|work=World Bank Open Data}}&lt;/ref&gt; ruo 4.4 na DRC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Figure 1 – Real GDP Growth and Per Capita GDP ($ PPP at current prices)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/266155225581|accessdate=2021-10-23|doi=10.1787/266155225581|journal=OECD}}&lt;/ref&gt; GDP kwa onye ọ bụla na-agbanwe n'etiti $600 na DRC&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GDP per capita (current US$) – Congo, Dem. Rep.|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=CD|accessdate=2021-10-23|work=World Bank Open Data}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Burundi na $800 na Uganda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=GDP per capita (current US$) – Uganda|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=UG|accessdate=2021-10-23|work=World Bank Open Data}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==
 

* 2005 Ala ọma jijiji nke Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika
* Ala ọma jijiji nke ọdọ mmiri Kivu na 2008
* Ala Dị larịị nke Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka
* Nsogbu ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na Great Lakes
* Ndepụta ọdọ mmiri
* Ndepụta ọdọ mmiri site na mpaghara
* Ọdọ Mmiri Rift

== Ihe edeturu ==
{{Commons category}}{{Regions of Africa}}

== Edensibia ==
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* {{Cite book|first=Jean-Pierre|author=Chrétien|title=The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History|location=New York|publisher=[[Zone Books]]|year=2006|isbn=1-890951-35-8}}
{{Regions of Africa}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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Sala Nanyanzi Senkayi bụ onye sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi nke [[Uganda|Ugandan]] na United States Environmental Protection Agency. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ a mụrụ na Uganda iji merie Presidential Early Career Award maka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị injinia.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Senkayi bụ nwa nwanyị [[Abu Senkayi]] na Sunajeh Senkayi. Ezinụlọ ya si na Butambala District na Uganda. Nna ya bụ onye sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi ma rụọ ọrụ na Mahadum Texas A&amp;amp;amp;M dị ka onye sayentist na-eme nchọpụta site na 1977. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.24-7pressrelease.com/press-release/454480/abu-lwanga-senkayi-celebrates-40-years-of-professional-excellence-in-environmental-science|title=Abu Lwanga Senkayi Celebrates 40 Years of Professional Excellence in Environmental Science|work=24-7 Press Release Newswire|language=en|accessdate=2018-12-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://marquistopscientists.com/2018/08/14/abu-senkayi/|title=Abu Lwanga Senkayi, Ph.D.|author=Moderator|first=Marquis Who's Who|date=2018-08-14|work=Marquis Who's Who Top Scientists|language=en|accessdate=2018-12-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Senkayi nwetara nzere bachelọ na Sayensị biomedicine na Mahadum Texas A&amp;M na College Station, Texas. Ọ sonyeere Mahadum Texas na Arlington, nweta nzere bachelọ abụọ ọzọ na Microbiology na biology. O mechara nweta nzere masta (2010) na nzere PhD (2012) na sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi na nke ụwa n'otu mahadum ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://eadm.news/39-carousel/big/262-youthful-dr-sala-senkayi-smashes-glass-ceiling-wins-top-us-science-award|title=Youthful Dr. Sala Senkayi smashes glass ceiling, wins top US science award|author=Ph.D|first=Samuel Muwanguzi|work=eadm.news|language=en-gb|accessdate=2018-12-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;Akwụkwọ edemede PhD ya tụlere njikọ dị n'etiti ọrịa kansa ọbara n'oge ụmụaka na ịdị nso ọdụ ụgbọelu dị na Texas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2014-04-01|title=Investigation of an association between childhood leukemia incidences and airports in Texas|journal=Atmospheric Pollution Research|language=en|volume=5|issue=2|pages=189–195|doi=10.5094/APR.2014.023|issn=1309-1042|author=Senkayi|first=Sala N.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ chọpụtara na ikuku benzene bụ ihe na-egosi ọrịa leukemia n'oge ọ dị nwata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; N'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ, Muwenda Mutebi nke Abụọ nke Buganda na Sylvia Nnaginda gara leta ya na Texas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ugandandiasporanews.com/2012/05/18/meet-the-first-ugandan-american-female-environmental-scientist-in-dallas-fort-worth-dr-sala-senkayi/|title=Meet The First Ugandan-American PhD Female Environmental Scientist In Dallas – Dr. Sala Senkayi {{!}} Welcome to the Ugandan Diaspora News Online|work=www.ugandandiasporanews.com|accessdate=2018-12-26|archivedate=2018-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227084812/http://www.ugandandiasporanews.com/2012/05/18/meet-the-first-ugandan-american-female-environmental-scientist-in-dallas-fort-worth-dr-sala-senkayi/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Senkayi sonyeere Otu na ahụ maka Nchekwa gburu gburu na United Steeti n'afọ 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.federalpay.org/employees/environmental-protection-agency/senkayi-sala|title=Employee Profile of Sala Senkayi — General Physical Scientist|work=www.federalpay.org|accessdate=2018-12-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ yana  ụmụaka obodo n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na kọleji na-ekwu maka gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Ọ malitere mkparịta ụka [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke United States|EPA]] na ụmụ akwụkwọ webcast, ohere ụmụaka nwere ịgwa ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ na nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi na Ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/students/epa-converses-students-webcasts|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227084724/https://www.epa.gov/students/epa-converses-students-webcasts|archivedate=December 27, 2018|title=EPA Converses with Students Webcasts|author=US EPA|first=OA|date=2015-07-30|work=US EPA|language=en|accessdate=2018-12-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.wlf.louisiana.gov/newsletter-issue/weekly-enews-events-grantsawards-workshops-webinars-volunteer-opportunities-resourc|title=WEEKLY eNEWS: Events, Grants/Awards, Workshops, Webinars, Volunteer Opportunities, Resources {{!}} Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries|work=www.wlf.louisiana.gov|accessdate=2018-12-26|archivedate=2018-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181227040631/http://www.wlf.louisiana.gov/newsletter-issue/weekly-enews-events-grantsawards-workshops-webinars-volunteer-opportunities-resourc}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na nchekwa mma mmiri, ọ bụkwa ya bụ onye ọrụ nchekwa mma nke ngalaba mma mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 2017, e nyere Senkayi ihe nrite Presidential Early Career Award maka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị injinia maka mgbasa ozi na nyocha ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/09/president-obama-honors-federally-funded-early-career-scientists|title=President Obama Honors Federally-Funded Early-Career Scientists|date=2017-01-09|work=whitehouse.gov|language=en|accessdate=2018-12-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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'''Ọdọ Mmiri Chad''' (Arabic: بحيرة تشاد, [[Kanuri language|Kanuri]]: ''Sádǝ'', French: Lac Tchad) bụ ọdọ mmiri dị ọhụrụ nke dị n'ime mmiri&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Lake Chad {{!}} Physical Features &amp; Economy {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Chad|accessdate=2026-06-16|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; dị na njikọ nke mba anọ: Naịjiriya, Niger, Chad, na Cameroon, n'ọdịda anyanwụ na etiti Afrịka n'otu n'otu, yana mpaghara karịrị 1,000,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (390, 000 sq mi). Ọ bụ ala mmiri dị mkpa na West-Central Africa. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bara ụba na akụrụngwa mmiri ma bụrụkwa otu n'ime ebe dị mkpa maka ịkụ azụ̀ mmiri dị ọcha n'Africa.

E kewara Ọdọ Mmiri Chad ụzọ n'ime akụkụ ndịda miri emi na akụkụ ugwu dị omimi karị. Isi iyi mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ sitere na ọdọ mmiri dịka osimiri Chari nke na-eso ọdọ mmiri ahụ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Africa’s vanishing Lake Chad {{!}} Africa Renewal|url=https://africarenewal.un.org/en/magazine/africas-vanishing-lake-chad|accessdate=2026-06-16|work=africarenewal.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ọkwa mmiri na-agbanwe nke ukwuu n'oge ọ bụla, ebe ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-agbanwekwa nke ukwuu. Na narị afọ nke 19, ọ ka nwere mpaghara 28,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (11,000 sq mi).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Magrin|first=Géraud|title=The disappearance of Lake Chad: history of a myth|journal=Journal of Political Ecology|date=1 December 2016|volume=23|issue=1|doi=10.2458/v23i1.20191}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agbanyeghị, n'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe na ụzọ mmadụ si emegharị mmiri, ọ belatala nke ukwuu kemgbe etiti afọ 1970, na mpaghara ya agbanweela n'etiti 2,000 na 5,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (770 na 1,930 sq mi).

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme na akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Faịlụ:Megatschad_GIS.PNG|áká_èkpè|thumb|275x275px|Ọdọ Mmiri Chad n'oge mmiri ozuzo nke Africa (acha anụnụ anụnụ) na narị afọ nke 20 (ọcha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ gbara gburugburu na-acha anụnụ uhie) ]]
E guzobere Chad Basin site na ọdịda nke Africa Shield.&lt;ref name=&quot;hd3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hughes|first=R. H.|year=1992|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|publisher=[[IUCN]] / [[UNEP]] / [[World Conservation Monitoring Centre|WCMC]]|isbn=2-88032-949-3|pages=329–330|url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf|language=en|accessdate=2023-06-14}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHughesHughes1992&quot;&gt;Hughes, R. H.; Hughes, J. S. (1992). [https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/1992-007.pdf ''A Directory of African Wetlands''] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] / [[Ihe Omume Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UNEP]] / [[World Conservation Monitoring Centre|WCMC]]. pp.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;329–&lt;/span&gt;330. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/2-88032-949-3|&lt;bdi&gt;2-88032-949-3&lt;/bdi&gt;]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120924181446/http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/CHAD.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on 24 September 2012&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;14 June&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; E ji nkume dị n'ala nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ mee ala nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nke ihe karịrị mita 3,600 (ụkwụ 11,800) nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ya kpuchiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Obaje|first=Nuhu George|title=Geology and Mineral Resources of Nigeria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1VBp7aItooC&amp;pg=PA69|accessdate=2013-05-06|date=2009-08-12|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-540-92684-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maka ọtụtụ n'ime Quaternary, ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ebe mmiri si apụta. Mgbe oge a na-erule njedebe, ihu igwe malitere ịkpọ nkụ. Ihe dị ka afọ 20,000 ruo 40,000 gara aga, ájá ájá eolianite malitere itolite n'ebe ugwu nke ala ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Wright|first=J.B.|title=Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YBDbdZrHosMC&amp;pg=PA94|accessdate=2013-05-06|date=1985-11-30|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-04-556001-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mpaghara ọdọ mmiri Chad nwere oge dị elu n'etiti afọ 39,000 BC na 300 BC, na-ahapụ nnukwu ájá dị oké osimiri na ihe ndị e tinyere na lacustrine n'ime ájá dị n'ime ya. A kpọrọ nke a Mega-Chad. Oke omimi nke Mega-Chad karịrị mita 180 (ụkwụ 590) ma kpuchie ihe dị ka kilomita 400,000 (150,000 sq mi),&lt;ref name=&quot;w2&quot; /&gt; ọ gbabara n'ime Osimiri Benue site na Mayo Kébbi, nke na-asọba n'ime Oké Osimiri Atlantic site na Osimiri Niger.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Leblanc|first=M.|year=2006|title=Reconstruction of Megalake Chad using Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission data|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|volume=239|issue=1–2|pages=16–27|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.01.003|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222672298|language=en|accessdate=2023-06-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mathieu Schuster|title=Holocene Lake Mega-Chad palaeoshorelines from space|journal=Quaternary Science Reviews|date=2005|volume=24|issue=16–17|pages=1821–1827|doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.02.001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mmiri buru ibu nke e mepụtara n'oge mmiri dị n'Africa nyere ọnọdụ maka mmalite nke ebe obibi ndị ọkụ azụ n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri, agbụrụ Nilo-Saharan kwagakwara n'Ọdọ Mmiri Chad n'oge a. Ọrụ ugbo pụtakwara ìhè na mpaghara Sahel n'oge a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kevin Shillington|title=History of Africa|date=28 August 2018|publisher=Macmillan Education UK|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxtHEAAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1-137-52481-2|pages=19–31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1800 Tupu Kraịst, omenala ite ụrọ a maara dị ka Gajiganna pụtara, na mbụ dị ka ndị na-azụ anụ ụlọ, mana, malite n'ihe dị ka afọ 1500 Tupu Kraịst, bi n'obodo nta ndị bi n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ogundiran|first=Akinwumi|year=2005|title=Four Millennia of Cultural History in Nigeria (ca. 2000 B.C.–A.D. 1900): Archaeological Perspectives|journal=Journal of World Prehistory|volume=19|issue=2|doi=10.1007/s10963-006-9003-y}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nchọpụta ihe mgbe ochie gosiri ahịhịa ọhịa, nke kachasị na ebo ahụ bụ Paniceae, na osikapa ọhịa yana ọka pearl kacha ochie a na-azụ n'ụlọ na mpaghara Lake Chad, nke dịrị site na 1200 ruo 1000 cal BC. A hụrụ otu n'ime millet pearl kacha ochie a na-azụ n'ụlọ na West Africa na Chad Basin, a na-ere ya ọkụ na ahịhịa ọhịa, a pụkwara ịkọ oge ha ruo 800-1000 cal BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Marlies Klee|chapter=The Exploitation of Wild and Domesticated Food Plants at Settlement Mounds in North-East Nigeria (1800 cal BC to Today)|title=The Exploitation of Plant Resources in Ancient Africa|date=1999|pages=81–88|doi=10.1007/978-1-4757-6730-8_8|isbn=978-1-4419-3316-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E guzobere obodo nta ndị na-adịgide adịgide n'ebe ndịda nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ ka ọ na-erule afọ 500 Tupu Kraịst,&lt;ref name=&quot;fzn1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Decorse|first=Christopher R.|title=West Africa During the Atlantic Slave Trade: Archaeological Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Fcr1HSZXNgC&amp;pg=PA103|accessdate=2013-05-06|year=2001|publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-7185-0247-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; ihe ndị e mere n'oge ochie dị mkpa gụnyere mmepeanya Sao. Dịka akwụkwọ ndekọ nke Claudius Ptolemy n'etiti narị afọ nke abụọ AD si kwuo, Ndị Rom nke narị afọ mbụ AD ezutelarị Lake Chad site na njikọ ha na Tunisia, Tripoli, na Fezzan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Johnston|first=H. H.|date=1910|title=Lake Chad|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=84|issue=2130|pages=244–245|doi=10.1038/084244a0|issn=1476-4687}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule narị afọ nke ise AD, a na-eji kamel eme azụmahịa trans-Saharan site na Fezzan, ma ọ bụ site n'ọwụwa anyanwụ site na Darfur.&lt;ref name=&quot;eof1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Appiah|first=Kwame Anthony|title=Encyclopaedia of Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC&amp;pg=PA254|accessdate=2013-05-06|year=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-533770-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ndị Arab meriri Ugwu Afrịka n'ime narị afọ nke asaa na nke asatọ, Chad Basin malitere inwe njikọ na mba ndị Alakụba.&lt;ref name=&quot;fzn1&quot; /&gt;

Azụmahịa na usoro ọrụ ugbo ka mma mere ka obodo ndị nwere nkà dịkwuo elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;eof1&quot;/&gt; N'ihe dịka afọ 900 AD, ndị Kanem ndị na-asụ asụsụ Kanuri jikọtara ọtụtụ agbụrụ ndị na-awagharị awagharị wee guzobe Alaeze Ukwu Kanem n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri Chad. Ná mmalite ntọala obodo ahụ, ndị Kanem nọgidere na-ebi ndụ ndị na-eme njem kwa ụbọchị ruo narị afọ nke 11, mgbe ha ghọrọ ndị Alakụba ma biri na Njimi. Site na azụmaahịa trans-Saharan, ike nke Alaeze Ukwu Kanem ruru ọkwa kachasị elu ya na narị afọ nke 13, mana ka alaeze ukwu ahụ dara ada na narị afọ nke 14, steeti ndị nọ n'okpuru ọchịchị ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Bornu malitere ịrị elu, mere ka ebe ike nke alaeze ukwu ahụ si ebe ahụ gaa na Bornu n'ihe dị ka afọ 1400. N'afọ 1574, Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman wakporo Fezzan na Oasis,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lange|first=Dierk|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=syATJKcx5A0C&amp;pg=PA546|title=Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa: African-centred and Canaanite-Israelite Perspectives ; a Collection of Published and Unpublished Studies in English and French|date=2004|publisher=J.H.Röll Verlag|isbn=978-3-89754-115-3|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ruo ọbụna n'ime ọdọ mmiri Chad. Nke a bụ mwakpo kachasị njọ nke ndị Ottoman banyere n'ime ime obodo Afrịka tupu narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman gbasaara mmetụta ya na mpaghara etiti nke Central Sahel n'oge ọchịchị nke Murad nke Atọ, Ọdọ Mmiri Chad wee bụrụ akụkụ nke mpaghara mmetụta Ottoman,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Flynn|first=Sébastien|date=2016-01-01|title=THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND KANEM- BORNU DURING THE REIGN OF SULTAN MURAD III A Master's Thesis|url=https://www.academia.edu/40148198|journal=Bilkent Master's Thesis}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 16, Alaeze Ukwu Bornu malitere ibubata ngwa agha site na Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman, na-eme ka ọchịchị ndị agha ya sie ike. Alaeze Ukwu Bornu dara na narị afọ nke 18, ma mechaa tụfuo mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ ya n'aka ￼￼Sokoto Caliphate￼￼ n'oge mmalite narị afọ nke 19. Ndị ọchịchị Yuropu mechara chịwa ya n'ime narị afọ nke iri abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kevin Shillington|title=History of Africa|date=28 August 2018|publisher=Macmillan Education UK|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxtHEAAAQBAJ|isbn=978-1-137-52481-2|pages=101–103+188–190+249–256}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na mmụba mmasị n'Africa n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta na ndị ọchụnta ego na Europe, Ndị Yuropu kọwara mpaghara Lake Chad nke ọma na narị afọ nke 19. E mere njem mmụta sayensị atọ n'agbata afọ 1898 na 1909. N'oge Ọgbakọ Berlin na 1884–1885, e kewara Afrịka n'etiti ndị ọchịchị Yurop. Ka ọ na-erule afọ iri abụọ nke narị afọ nke iri abụọ, ndị Britain, Frans, na Germany, chịrị ma biri n'Ọdọ Mmiri Chad, ịkọwapụta ókèala ndị na-adịgide adịgide na steeti ndị dị ugbu a mgbe ọchịchị gasịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Harlow|first=Barbara|title=Colonialism|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFTHBoRvQbsC&amp;pg=PA139|accessdate=2013-05-06|year=2003|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-335-3|chapter=Conference of Berlin (1884–1885)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hea3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=乍得湖：从&quot;文明摇篮&quot;到&quot;死亡之心&quot;|author=熊正坤|url=http://www.chinawater.com.cn/newscenter/jlkt/202104/t20210408_763432.html|accessdate=2024-01-01|publisher=China Water Resources News|date=2021-04-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ná mmalite nnwere onwe, mba ndị gbara Ọdọ Mmiri Chad gburugburu abụghị naanị na ha nwere ntọala akụ na ụba na-adịghị mma, kamakwa ha nwere esemokwu agbụrụ, okpukperechi, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị ọzọ dị mgbagwoju anya. Naịjirịa na ,igeretara nnwere onwe ọhụrụ, nwetara ọchịchị n'oge na-adịghị anya, ebe Chad nwekwara agha obodo na-aga n'ihu. Enweghị ike mba ndị dị n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ ịtụle nchekwa nke ọdọ mmiri Chad emeela ka ọtụtụ nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;hea3&quot; /&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala ==
[[Faịlụ:Charirivermap.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|275x275px|Map na-egosi ọdọ mmiri nke Osimiri Chari]]
Ala Chad gụnyere Chad, Naịjirịa, Kamerun, Nijer, Sudan, na Central African Republic.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cblt.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/about-map.jpg|title=about-map|accessdate=2024-03-26|work=Lake Chad Basin Commission|archivedate=2024-03-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326123944/https://cblt.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/about-map.jpg}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ụdị nsogbu ịda mbà nke nwere ike ime ka ọ daa n'ime akụkụ anọ nke abụọ nke nwere nhazi: ịda mbà na ndịda, ịda mbà n'ugwu, elu etiti, na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. A na-ahụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ala mmiri ahụ site na mgbawa nke enweghị ntụpọ asymmetric fault depression nke nwere ugwu ndị dị elu n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na ugwu dị nro n'ọdịda anyanwụ na profaịlụ ahụ, a na-ekesakwa ya n'ụzọ NNW n'ụgbọelu ahụ. E nwere nnukwu nsogbu abụọ dị n'akụkụ abụọ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nke nwere nsogbu dị ka graben na ịda mbà n'etiti ya. Akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ bụ mpaghara ugwu dị nro nke na-agbada n'akụkụ ala. Nsogbu ókèala ọwụwa anyanwụ dị elu nke nwere akụkụ ndọda nke ihe dị ka 55°, ebe nsogbu ọdịda anyanwụ nwere akụkụ ndọda nke ihe dị ka 45°. Okpukpu nke oyi akwa dị n'ime mpaghara mkpọda ahụ dị ntakịrị. N'etiti mpaghara nke ala ahụ, ọkpụrụkpụ nke ala ahụ dị oke ibu, ọkpụrụkpụ nke mpaghara etiti ala ahụ ruru ihe karịrị mita 10,000 (ụkwụ 33,000). Akụkụ ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị elu n'ọdịda anyanwụ ma dị nro n'ọwụwa anyanwụ na profaịlụ ahụ. Mpaghara nhazi ihe ise dị ka nsogbu ndị dị n'akụkụ mmiri esiwo n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ọwụwa anyanwụ pụta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=乍得湖盆地构造特征与油气成藏规律初探|author=黄先雄|journal=大地构造与成矿学|date=2008|issue=3|pages=326–331|doi=10.16539/j.ddgzyckx.2008.03.013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E kewara ọdọ mmiri Chad n'akụkụ ugwu na ndịda site na oghere dị omimi nke a na-akpọ Great Barrier, ala nke ala nke ugwu ahụ dị mita 275.3 (ụkwụ 903) na ala nke ala nke ala nke ndịda ahụ dị mita 278.2 (ụkwụ 913). Mgbe mmiri dị n'ebe ndịda gafere mita 279 (ụkwụ 915) karịa ọkwa oké osimiri, ọ ga-asọba n'ebe ugwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;7g&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=刘甜甜|title=基于多源遥感数据的非洲乍得湖水面变化监测|journal=地理科学进展|year=2013|volume=32|issue=6|pages=906–912|doi=10.11820/dlkxjz.2013.06.007|language=zh-cn}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ebe ndịda, e nwere mmiri na-emeghe mgbe niile n'ọnụ Osimiri Chari, ebe apịtị ahịhịa kpuchiri akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke mmiri ahụ,&lt;ref name=&quot;h8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Marie-Thérèse Sarch|title=Fishing and farming at Lake Chad: Responses to lake-level fluctuations|journal=The Geographical Journal|date=June 2000|volume=166|issue=2|pages=156–172|doi=10.1111/j.1475-4959.2000.tb00015.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; ájá ndị na-adịghị amịkọrọ kpamkpam n'ime mmiri ọwụwa anyanwụ na-aghọ agwaetiti. Omimi nke ọdọ mmiri ndịda dị n'etiti .5 na 2 m (1 ft 8 na na 6 ft 7 in), nke ọdọ mmiri ugwu dị n'etiti 0 na 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in), na nke agwaetiti ọwụwa anyanwụ dị n'etiti mita 0 na 2 (6 ft 7 in).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jacques Lemoalle|title=Recent changes in Lake Chad: Observations, simulations and management options (1973–2011)|journal=Global and Planetary Change|date=January 2012|volume=80–81|issue=247–254|pages=247–254|doi=10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.07.004}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihu igwe nke mpaghara Lake Chad na-emetụta nke ukwuu site na oke ikuku nke kọntinent na nke mmiri. Oke ikuku mmiri na-aga n'ebe ugwu n'oge ọkọchị, na-eme ka mmiri zoo n'oge oge. N'ọgwụgwụ oge ọkọchị, oke ikuku kọntinent na-achịkwa ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;w2&quot;&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Gritzner|first1=J. A.|title=Lake Chad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|location=Chicago|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Chad|access-date=2023-06-13|language=en|archive-date=22 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722235543/https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Chad|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ na mpaghara ọdọ mmiri Chad bụ 330 mm (inchi 13), ya na mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ nke 560 mm (inchi 22.0) na ndịda na ihe dị ka 250 mm (inchi 9.8) na ugwu. Okpomọkụ kachasị elu n'oge mmiri ozuzo bụ 30°C (86°F), okpomọkụ kachasị elu na-arị elu ruo ihe karịrị 32°C (90°F) mgbe Ọktoba na Nọvemba na-abanye n'oge ọkọchị. Ọdịiche okpomọkụ dị n'etiti ehihie na abalị fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ nke oge mmiri ozuzo, okpomọkụ abalị kacha ala na-agbadata ruo 8°C (46°F) na Disemba na Jenụwarị. Eprel na-abụkarị ọnwa kacha ekpo ọkụ n'afọ, ebe okpomọkụ na-erukarị 40 °C (104 °F), Mmiri kacha ala na-apụta n'ọnwa Juun ruo Julaị, ebe mmiri kachasị elu na-apụta n'ọnwa Nọvemba ruo Disemba, ebe okpomọkụ mmiri dị n'elu ya dị site na 19 ruo 32 Celsius (66 ruo 90 Celsius).

== Mmiri na-amụ banyere mmiri ==
[[Faịlụ:Megachad_en_disappearance_of_lake_chad.jpg|thumb|346x346px|Mbelata nke Ọdọ Mmiri Chad n'ime afọ 7000 gara aga, na nhazi nke British Isles maka ntụnyere]]
[[Faịlụ:Lake_Chad.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|275x275px|Ọdọ Mmiri Chad 1972-2007]]
Chad Basin kpuchiri ihe dị ka 1×10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (390,000 sq mi), a na-agbakwa ya site na Chari, Logone, na [[Yobe River|Yobe Rivers]]. Mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-enweta n'oge. Ọtụtụ mmiri ozuzo na-abịa site na Adamawa Plateau dị na ndịda nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ, nke a na-ebuga na ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na Osimiri Chari na Osimiri Logone. Ha abụọ na-enye pasentị iri itoolu na ise nke mmiri niile dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Chad, ebe Osimiri Yobe na-enye naanị ihe na-erughị pasentị abụọ na ọkara.&lt;ref name=&quot;hd3&quot; /&gt; Ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-asọba n'ime ala ruo n'ebe kachasị ala nke Chad Basin, Bodélé Depression, ihe dị ka kilomita 480 (mile 300) n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Chad, ebe kachasị omimi ruru naanị mita 155 (ụkwụ 509) n'elu ọkwa oké osimiri. Nke a na-ewepụ ọtụtụ n'ime nnu dị n'ime ọdọ mmiri Chad ma na-eme ka nnu dị ala nke ọdọ mmiri Chad dị. Mmiri ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Chad bụ mmiri dị ọcha, mmiri dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ dịkwa ntakịrị nnu.&lt;ref name=&quot;4d&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=袁宣民|title=乍得湖的环境、安全及其脆弱性|journal=世界科学|date=2016|issue=7|pages=21–23|url=https://worldscience.cn/c/2016-07-14/587434.shtml|language=zh-cn|accessdate=2023-06-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;hd3&quot; /&gt;  Mgbanwe ndị kwekọrọ na mmiri ozuzo yiri ka ọ metụtara mmetụta nke mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi. 

Oke mmiri nke ọtụtụ ọdọ mmiri buru ibu n'Africa na-adabere na mmiri ozuzo na uzuoku, nke pụtara na okpomọkụ na-adị na mmiri ozuzo dịkwa oke mkpa maka ịchịkwa nguzozi mmiri nke mmiri ndị a, mgbanwe ọ bụla nwere ike ibute nnukwu mgbanwe na ọkwa mmiri na mpaghara ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Richard Ogutu-Ohwayo|title=Implications of climate variability and change for African lake ecosystems, fisheries productivity, and livelihoods|journal=Journal of Great Lakes Research|volume=42|issue=3|pages=498–510|doi=10.1016/j.jglr.2016.03.004|year=2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọdọ Mmiri Chad bụ ọdọ mmiri dị n'ime ime obodo, mmiri ozuzo na mpaghara Chad na-emetụta obere mgbanwe na mgbasa ikuku, ya mere Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emetụta elu ọdọ mmiri Chad nke ukwuu.&lt;ref name=&quot;f1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Evans|first=T.|chapter=The effects of changes in the world hydrological cycle on availability of water resources|editor=Bazzaz|title=Global climate change and agricultural production|year=1996|publisher=FAO / John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=92-5-103987-9|chapterurl=https://www.fao.org/3/W5183E/w5183e04.htm|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Leblanc|first=M.|title=Remote sensing for groundwater modelling in large semiarid areas:Lake Chad Basin, Africa|journal=Hydrogeology Journal|year=2007|volume=15|issue=1|pages=97–100|doi=10.1007/s10040-006-0126-0|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/29650900|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihu igwe kpọrọ nkụ n'ihi oke anụmanụ ịta ahịhịa na oke mkpofu osisi na nnukwu ọrụ ịgba mmiri nke dọpụrụ mmiri site n'osimiri ndị na-eri nri n'ọdọ mmiri bụ isi ihe kpatara mbelata nke Ọdọ Mmiri Chad.&lt;ref name=&quot;tr5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/article116.html|title=Lake Chad: almost gone|publisher=[[United Nations Environment Programme]] (UNEP)|accessdate=2015-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216142751/http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/article116.html|archivedate=2008-12-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Atlantic multidecadal oscillation na El Niño–Southern Oscillation emetụtala mmiri ozuzo na mpaghara Sahel. Site na mmalite afọ 1960 ruo etiti afọ 1980, ọkwa mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ dara site na mita 3 (ụkwụ 9.8) ma e jiri ya tụnyere nkezi ọkwa site na 1900 ruo 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Combined effect of El Niño southern oscillation and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation on Lake Chad level variability|author=Churchill Okonkwo|journal=Cogent Geoscience|date=2015-12-15|volume=1|issue=1|doi=10.1080/23312041.2015.1117829}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1870, mpaghara ọdọ mmiri Chad dị ihe dị ka puku kilomita iri abụọ na asatọ (11,000 sq mi). Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ike ịpụ na Bahr el-Ghazal n'oge mmiri ozuzo. Ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20, mpaghara ọdọ mmiri Chad dara obere oge, wee ruo n'ọkwa kachasị elu n'etiti narị afọ nke 20 wee si na Bahr el-Ghazal jupụta ọzọ. Oké ọkọchị malitere na mpaghara Sahel na ngwụcha afọ 1960 ma mebie nnukwu ihe na 1972 na 1984. E chere na ọ bụ ihe metụtara mfu osisi, okpomọkụ ụwa, na nsogbu okpomọkụ dị n'elu oké osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;f1&quot; /&gt; N'oge a, Ọdọ Mmiri Chad dara nke ukwuu ma gbanwee n'etiti 2,000 ruo 5,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (770 ruo 1,930 sq mi) mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;7g&quot; /&gt;

Site na Juun 1966 ruo Jenụwarị 1973, mpaghara ọdọ mmiri Chad dara site na 22,772 ruo 15,400 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (8,792 ruo 5,946 sq mi),&lt;ref name=&quot;tr5&quot;/&gt; na 1975, ala ahụ belatara ruo 4,398 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (1,698 sq mi).&lt;ref name=&quot;7g&quot; /&gt; na naanị 1,756 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (678 sq mi) na Febụwarị 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;tr5&quot; /&gt; Kemgbe ahụ, mpaghara ọdọ mmiri Chad abanyela n'ọnọdụ kwụsiri ike na mmụba dị ntakịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wengbin Zhu|title=Monitoring Recent Fluctuations of the Southern Pool of Lake Chad Using Multiple Remote Sensing Data: Implications for Water Balance Analysis|journal=Remote Sensing|date=2017|issue=10|volume=9|doi=10.3390/rs9101032}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 1995 ruo 1998, ọ gbanwere n'etiti 1,200 ruo 4,500 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (460 ruo 1,740 sq mi). N'afọ 2000, mpaghara ahụ ruru square kilomita 5,075 (1,959 sq mi),&lt;ref name=&quot;7g&quot; /&gt; ebe nkezi mmiri dị n'elu ala site na 2013 ruo 2016 dị ihe dị ka 1,876 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (724 sq mi), ebe oke kachasị bụ 2,231 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (861 sq mi) na Julaị 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buma&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Willibroad Gabila Buma|title=Recent surface water extent of Lake Chad from multispectral sensors and GRACE|journal=Sensors|date=2018|doi=10.3390/s18072082|issue=7|volume=18|pmid=29958481}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na mmiri dị n'ime ala ===
N'okpuru ọdọ mmiri ahụ ka e nwere aquifer Quaternary phreatic a na-anaghị achịkwa, nnukwu mmiri dị n'ofe ókèala nke dị ihe dị ka square kilomita 500,000 n'ofe Chad, Niger, Nigeria, na Cameroon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nour2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mahamat Nour|first=A.|date=2022|title=Shallow Quaternary groundwater in the Lake Chad basin is resilient to climate change but requires sustainable management strategy: Results of isotopic investigation|journal=Science of The Total Environment|volume=848|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158152}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-efunahụ ihe dị ka 2,200mm/afọ mmiri n'ihi na mmiri nwere ike ịpụ apụ, ọmụmụ ihe gbasara isotopic nke ejiri isotopes kwụsiri ike na tritium na-egosi na sistemụ mmiri dị n'okpuru ala ka na-eguzogide mgbanwe ihu igwe nke ukwuu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nour2022&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Goni2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Goni|first=I. B.|date=2021|title=Groundwater recharge from heavy rainfall in the southwestern Lake Chad Basin: evidence from isotopic observations|journal=Hydrological Sciences Journal|volume=66|issue=10|pages=1521–1534|doi=10.1080/02626667.2021.1937630}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aquifer nke Quaternary na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma site na usoro abụọ bụ isi: ịbanye kpọmkwem na mmiri ozuzo siri ike n'oge na mpụta n'akụkụ site na ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'onwe ya na ọwa osimiri ya na-adịghị agwụ agwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goni2021&quot;/&gt; Data isotopic na-egosi na oke mmiri ozuzo gafere pasentị iri isii nke oke mmiri ozuzo kwa ọnwa na-akpali ọtụtụ n'ime mmiri mgbapụta ahụ, nke pụtara na mmụba nke mmiri ozuzo nke ebe okpomọkụ n'okpuru okpomọkụ ụwa na-akwado mmụba nke mmiri dị n'ime ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goni2021&quot; /&gt; Ebe nchekwa mmiri a sara mbara na-enye nchekwa mmiri dị mkpa, hụ na mmiri na-adịgide adịgide maka mmiri mmiri nke obodo na nke ọrụ ugbo na-enweta n'agbanyeghị oke mgbanwe dị ukwuu n'elu mmiri na ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nour2022&quot;/&gt;

== Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi ==
[[Faịlụ:Kanał_doprowadzający_do_jeziora_-_Jezioro_Czad_-_001269s.jpg|thumb|275x275px|[[Lake Chad flooded savanna|Ọdọ Mmiri Chad jupụtara na savanna]]]]
Akụkụ nke Chad Basin dị n'ime Chad Basin National Park na Naịjirịa, obodo ahụ na Cameroon eguzobela Ala Mmiri Chad Ramsar nke nwere oke ala dị 8,225 km2 (3,176 sq mi).&lt;ref name=&quot;tgd1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Emma Martin|title=Lake Chad Flooded Savanna|url=https://www.oneearth.org/ecoregions/lake-chad-flooded-savanna/|work=www.oneearth.org|date=15 December 2021|accessdate=2023-07-15|archivedate=15 July 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715052429/https://www.oneearth.org/ecoregions/lake-chad-flooded-savanna/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ndụ Ahịhịa ===
Osisi mmiri dị n'ebe ndịda gụnyerekarị papyrus cyperus, wdg. Osisi ahịhịa na-etokarị n'ebe ugwu ebe nnu dị elu, osisi na-ese n'elu mmiri na-ekpuchikwa nnukwu ebe mmiri dị n'èzí. Mgbanwe usoro ojiji ala na mmebi na-aga n'ihu emeela ka ọdịiche dị iche iche belata ma mee ka ọhịa mepere emepe nke ukwuu, nke mejupụtara ụdị dị iche iche nke a na-emegharị iji belata mmiri &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Osisi dịka hyparrhenia rufa na-eto n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ndị nwere idei mmiri dị ogologo n'ebe ndịda.&lt;ref name=&quot;tgd1&quot; /&gt; Mpaghara osisi na-adịgide adịgide amụbaala site na ihe dị ka 3,800 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (1,500 sq mi) na 2000 ruo ihe dị ka 5,200 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (2,000 sq mi) na 2020 ka ọkwa mmiri adalatala ma okpomọkụ amụbaala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Binh Pham-Duc|title=The Lake Chad hydrology under current climate change|journal=Scientific Reports|date=2020|volume=10|issue=5498|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-62417-w|pmid=32218517}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gbanweela oke ọhịa gbara ya gburugburu ka ọ bụrụ ọhịa mepere emepe nke nwere acacias, baobabs, nkwụ na India jujube.

=== Nnụnụ ===
A kpọrọ ọdọ mmiri a Mkpa Ebe Nnụnụ (IBA) site n'aka BirdLife International.&lt;ref name=&quot;bli&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lake-chad-iba-chad|title=Lake Chad|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|date=2024|work=BirdLife Data Zone|publisher=BirdLife International|accessdate=2024-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ narị ụdị nnụnụ dị iche iche dịka shoveler n'ebe ugwu, Ọgazị Ijipt na anụmanụ marabou na-ebi n'ime ya ruo mgbe ebighị ebi ma ọ bụ n'oge. Ọ bụ ebe dị mkpa maka nnụnụ ndị Europe na-eto eto na ndị na-egwu mmiri. E nwere anụ ọhịa dịka ugo steppe na ugo booted n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri,&lt;ref name=&quot;tgd1&quot;/&gt; a na-ahụkwa ihe karịrị otu nde ruff n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'otu oge.

=== Anụ na-enye nwa ara ===
Anụmanụ buru ibu a na-ahụkarị gụnyere gazel nwere ihu uhie, gazel dama, patas enwe, hyena nwere akara, cheetah na caracal, ebe a na-ekesa enyí Afrịka, otter, hippopotamus, sitatunga na kob n'ala mmiri. Ugbu a, a chụọla ọtụtụ n'ime nnukwu anụ anụmanụ ka ha laa n'iyi, e jiri ọtụtụ ehi dochie ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;tgd1&quot;/&gt;

=== Azụ ===
N'ime Chad Basin dum, ụdị azụ̀ dị otu narị na iri asaa na itoolu, n'ime ha bụ otu azụ̀ dị na Naịja River Basin, 85 bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka Osimiri Naịl, 47 bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka Basini Kongo, ebe ụdị azụ 84 dị na ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;hd3&quot; /&gt; This maNke a mere ka ọ bụrụ ebe ịkụ azụ bara ụba maka obodo dị iche iche na Naịjirịa, Naịja, Chad, na KamerọseaMbugharị idei mmiri n'oge yana mmụba nke okpomọkụ ikuku na-eduga na mbelata nnu,smmụba nke turbidity, na mmụba nke ọkwa trophic, nke kpalitere mmụba nke ọnụọgụ phytoplankton nankton, allowinikwe ka nnukwu azụ̀ kwaga ebe dị iche iche n'ime mmiri ahụ n'oge ọ bụla iji zụọ ma mụọ ụmụ n'ime mmiri na-eme nri mgbe idei mmiri ruterhe CChad Basin ka bụ ebe a na-azụ azụ dị mkpa, nke nwere ihe karịrị ụdị azụ iri anọ dị mkpa maka azụmaahịao Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa bụ ụdị ochie dị ka azụ̀ lungfish nafin &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ụmụ mmadụ ==
[[Faịlụ:ShrinkingLakeChad-1973-1997-EO.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Chad na foto Satellite nke afọ 2001. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ ejirila pasent 95 belata kemgbe afọ 1960. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Plan B Updates - 47: Disappearing Lakes, Shrinking Seas - EPI|url=http://www.earth-policy.org/index.php?/plan_b_updates/2005/update47|work=earth-policy.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Shrinking African Lake Offers Lesson on Finite Resources|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/04/0426_lakechadshrinks.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010430065144/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/04/0426_lakechadshrinks.html|archivedate=April 30, 2001|work=nationalgeographic.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Faịlụ:Building_a_house_in_lake_Chad_region.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|275x275px|Iwu ụlọ nwa oge na mpaghara Lake Chad]]
E nwere ihe karịrị nde mmadụ iri atọ bi na Chad Lake Basin. E nwere ihe karịrị otu agbụrụ iri asaa gburugburu ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha kesara na ndịda, ebe njupụta ndị mmadụ karịrị 100/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (260/sq mi). Ha na-adabere na isi iyi mmiri nke Chad Lake maka ịgba mmiri, ịzụ ụmụ, ịzụ anụmanụ na ịṅụ ihe ọṅụṅụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;4d&quot; /&gt; Ihe ubi ndị obodo na-akọ nke ọma gụnyere sorgum, ọka, millet, agwa, na akwụkwọ nri. A na-akụ gourd nke ọma maka imepụta arịa. Nchịkọta nke ihe ndị dị n'ọhịa dịka chịngọm arabic, mmanụ aṅụ, wax aṅụ, na nkụ dị oke mkpa na mpaghara ahụ. Agbanyeghị, mbelata nke oke ọhịa emetụtala mmepụta nke ngwaahịa ndị a, mmụba dị egwu nke ìgwè ehi emeela ka mmetụta a ka njọ. Anụ ehi bụ anụ ụlọ kacha mkpa a na-azụ, tinyere anụ ọkụkọ, ewu, atụrụ, kamel, ịnyịnya, na ịnyịnya ibu. Akụ̀ na-akọ anụmanụ ndị a metụtara nke ukwuu n'ihi oké ọkọchị nke afọ 1970 na 1980.

Ịkụ azụ bụ ihe kacha mkpa maka ndị bi n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri, nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kwụsị n'oge ọkọchị ma maliteghachi naanị n'etiti afọ 1990. A na-akpọ nkụ, a na-etinye mkpụrụ osisi a mịrị amị, ma ọ bụ na-ese anwụrụ n'ọtụtụ ihe ndị e ji azụ azụ. Mmiri natron nke e mepụtara n'oge ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ abụrụla ihe dị mkpa kemgbe. Dịka omenala si dị, a na-egwupụta ya n'ime blọk ma na-ebuga ya n'ofe ọdọ mmiri ahụ iji banye n'ahịa Naịjirịa. Kemgbe ụkọ mmiri ozuzo nke afọ 1970, ala a na-akụ n'enweghị mmiri na fatịlaịza ekpugheela n'ala ọdọ mmiri ahụ, a na-eweghachikwa ya dị ka polder maka ịkụ ọka, cowpea, osikapa, ọka wit na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Luxereau|first=A.|year=2011|title=Fluctuations in the Size of Lake Chad: Consequences on the Livelihoods of the Riverain Peoples in Eastern Niger|journal=Regional Environmental Change|volume=12|issue=3|pages=507–521|doi=10.1007/s10113-011-0267-0|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257480536|language=en|accessdate=2023-06-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ọrụ ugbo agbanweela site n'ịkụ ihe ubi kpọrọ nkụ, dịka ọka wit, gaa n'ịkụ osikapa nwere oke mmiri, nke na-eme ka ala dị oke njọ ma na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha.&lt;ref name=&quot;4d&quot; /&gt; Mmetụta ọjọọ nke mbelata mmiri na-enwe n'ịkụ azụ, ọrụ ugbo, na ịzụ anụ karịrị uru ala ọhụrụ sitere na mmiri ndị na-ebelata. Ndị bi gburugburu ebe ahụ bụ́ ndị na-adabere na mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ ka a manyere ịkwaga ebe ọzọ, nke mere ka akụnụba nke mpaghara ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-ebelata mgbe niile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Effects of Climate Change in the Poorest Countries: Evidence from the Permanent Shrinking of Lake Chad|url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40328|date=2023-09-05|accessdate=2024-04-08|work=World Bank|language=en|author=Roman D. Zarate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kemgbe afọ 1970, mba ise dị na ndịda nke ala ahụ arụọla ọtụtụ ọrụ nchekwa mmiri n'elu Osimiri Chari, Osimiri Logone, na Osimiri Yobe iji gbochie mmiri osimiri, nke mere ka ọnụọgụ mmiri na-abanye n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ belata nke ukwuu. Nkezi mmiri mmiri nke Osimiri Chari na Osimiri Logone na-abata kwa afọ site na 1970 ruo 1990 bụ naanị pasent 55 nke nke ahụ site na 1950 ruo 1970. Kemgbe afọ 1980, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke mmiri dị n'Osimiri Chari na Osimiri Logone agbanweela ụzọ ma Central African Republic jidere ya nke dị n'elu mmiri maka ịgba mmiri na mmepụta ike mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;4d&quot; /&gt;{{Cite journal|author=袁宣民|title=乍得湖的环境、安全及其脆弱性|journal=世界科学|date=2016|issue=7|pages=21–23|url=https://worldscience.cn/c/2016-07-14/587434.shtml|language=zh-cn|accessdate=2023-06-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọdọ mmiri ndị e wuru n'elu osimiri ndị na-abanye n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ gbanwere oge na oke idei mmiri n'oge ma gbochie njem azụ, Nke a mere ka ọnụọgụgụ Alestes baremoze na Nile perch, bụ́ isi azụ a na-ejide n'Ọdọ Mmiri Chad, belata nke ukwuu.&lt;ref name=&quot;hd3&quot; /&gt; N'otu oge ahụ, esemokwu dị n'etiti mba dị iche iche na agbụrụ dị iche iche na-asọ mpi maka mmiri na ala na-akawanye njọ. Mba anọ dị n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-eche nsogbu nke oke ịda ogbenye ihu, nakwa n'ihi ihe isi ike ha nwere n'ịzụta ihe ha ji ebi ndụ, ụfọdụ ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ etinyela aka n'ahịa ọgwụ ọjọọ na ngwa agha.&lt;ref name=&quot;4d&quot; /&gt; Nke a emeela ka nke a ka njọ site n'ọrụ nke Boko Haram, bụ́ mwakpo nke chụpụrụ ọtụtụ nde mmadụ ma mebie mmepe n'ime mpaghara ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Olowoyeye|first=Oluwatuyi S.|year=2023|title=Water and Food Sustainability in the Riparian Countries of Lake Chad in Africa|journal=Sustainability|volume=15|doi=10.3390/su151310009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamerun, Naịja, ,aijiriaChad hiwere Kọmishọna Chad Basin nke dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri na 22 Mee 1964. The CMba Central African Republic sonyeere na 1996, Libya sonyekwara na. The hIsi ụlọ ọrụ kọmitii ahụ dị na N'Djamenad. The cỌrụ kọmishọn ahụ gụnyere ijikwa Lake Chad na akụrụngwa mmiri ya, ichekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na ịkwalite njikọta mpaghara, udo, nchekwa, na mmepe na mpaghara Lake Chad. Atụmatụ mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu maka imejupụta mmiri n'Ọdọ Mmiri Chad gụnyere iwu ọwa mmiri nke dị kilomita 2,400 (maịlụ 1,500) ibuga mmiri 100×10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (130×10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; yd&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) site na Osimiri Congo ruo Osimiri Chari kwa afọ, ma jiri usoro dam dị iche iche n'ụzọ ahụ iji mepụta ọkụ eletrik.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43500314|title=Can the vanishing lake be saved?|author=Ross|first=Will|date=2018-03-31|work=BBC|accessdate=2019-01-28|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==
 

* [[Inner Niger Delta]], a n'ime ala delta na Mali
* Ọdọ Mmiri Ptolemy, ọdọ mmiri ochie dị na Sudan
* Ndepụta ọdọ mmiri ndị na-akpọnwụ
* Sudd, nnukwu ala ahịhịa na South Sudan
* Anụ ọhịa nke Chad
* Lake Chad replenishment project - Atụmatụ a tụrụ aro maka ịdọrọ mmiri iji gbochie ịcha ọdọ mmiri Chad

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* {{Cite book|author=Hughes|first=R. H.|year=1992|title=A Directory of African Wetlands|publisher=[[IUCN]]|isbn=978-2-88032-949-5}}
* {{Cite book|author=Beadle|first=L. C.|year=1974|title=The Inland Waters of Tropical Africa: An Introduction to Tropical Limnology Hardcover|edition=1th|publisher=Longman Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-582-44852-0}}
* {{Cite book|author=Chapman|first=Graham|year=1992|title=The changing geography of Africa and the Middle East|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-03450-7}}
* {{Cite book|author=Caterina Batello|title=The Future is an Ancient Lake|publisher=FAO Interdepartmental Working Group on Biological Diversity for Food and Agriculture|url=https://www.fao.org/3/y5118e/y5118e00.htm|year=2004|isbn=92-5-105064-3}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Side box/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

* [http://www.cblt.org/en/ Kọmitii Mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Chad]
* [https://en.unesco.org/biopalt BIOsphere na Heritage nke Lake Chad (BIOPALT) oru ngo]
* [https://www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/91291/the-ups-and-downs-of-lake-chad Ups na Downs nke Ọdọ Mmiri Chad]
* Lake Chad in worldlakes.org
* [https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Lake/AFR-02 Ọdọ Mmiri Chad na World Lake Database]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20250907042826/https://news.un.org/en/tags/lake-chad Ọdọ Mmiri Chad na UN News]
{{Lakes of Chad}}{{Authority control}}
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    <title>Àgwàetiti Limacos</title>
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The '''Island of Limacos''' (&quot;slugs&quot;) or '''Island of Caracoles''' (&quot;snails&quot;), known in Spanish in the 16th century as '''{{Lang|es|Risgol}}'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Asteroide|url=http://archive.org/details/SourcesIneditesDeLhistoireDuMaroc.T.II|title=Sources Inedites De L'histoire Du Maroc. T. II|date=1956}}&lt;/ref&gt; and in French as '''{{Lang|fr|Île de Rachgoun}}'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Carta de la Costa de España, desde Punta de Europa hasta Vera con la parte correspondiente de Africa desde Ceuta hasta Cabo Fégalo. H. 117A [Material cartográfico] / construida la costa de España con arreglo a los trabajos verificados por la Comision Hidrográfica al mando del Capitan de Fragata D. José Montojo y Salcedo, y la de Africa según las cartas francesas mas recientes; J. Riudavets la construyó; E. Perez la grabó; F. Serra gº la letra - Montojo y Salcedo, José - Material cartográfico impreso - 1877|url=http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/91114|accessdate=2022-06-10|work=bdh.bne.es|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Arabic: جزيرة رشقون, romanized: Jazira Rashqūn) is an Algerian islet located near the North African coast. It has an area of about 66 hectares (160 acres)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; and it is uninhabited. It is located in front of the mouth of the [[Tafna River]], where the town of Rashgun is located. It is approximately halfway between Oran and the border between Algeria and Morocco. It was literarily described, along with other islets on the Maghreb coast, by the writer Pedro Mata as &quot;one of those sea monsters sentinel that deflower the surface of the sea at various points&quot; in his 1856 work {{Lang|es|Los moros del Riff o el presidiario de las Alhucemas}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Fontanet|first=Pedro Mata y|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXz8UUsdE5wC&amp;q=caracoles&amp;pg=PA573|title=Los Moros del riff: o el presidario de las Alhucemas|date=1856|publisher=Manini Hermanos|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; The island has been protected as a Ramsar site since 2001.

== Nkọwa ==
Agwaetiti Limacos ma ọ bụ Rachgoun dị kilomita anọ site n'ụsọ oké osimiri Afrịka, n'ihu ọnụ Osimiri Tafna, nke na-emepụta ọdọ mmiri nke Cape Acra gbara n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na Cape Bocchus gbara n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ. Agwaetiti ahụ sitere na ugwu mgbawa, ọ bụkwa nkume basaltic na ájá Pliocene dị na ndịda mejupụtara ya..&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

O nwere ihu igwe na-adịkarị n'etiti mmiri ozuzo n'oge oyi na oge ọkọchị. Enweghị mmiri ozuzo (300–500 mm/afọ) bụ ihe si na mmetụta &quot;onyinyo&quot; nke ugwu ndị Morocco nke Atlas na Rif dị n'ọdịda anyanwụ na sistemụ oke ugwu nke ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Spen gaa n'ọdịda anyanwụ, nke na-egbochi ịgafe ifufe na ígwé ojii site na oké ifufe Atlantic..&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fiche descriptive sur les zones humides Ramsar (FDR)&amp;thinsp;: Île de Rachgoun|url=http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ050_RIS_June2011.pdf|accessdate=2022-06-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101113219/http://sites.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1DZ050_RIS_June2011.pdf|archivedate=2013-11-01|language=fr}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &amp;#x5B;Descriptive record of Ramsar wetlands: Île de Rachgoun&amp;#x5D; &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; (in French). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

E nwere ụlọ ọkụ n'ebe ugwu nke ndị [[France|French]] wuru na 1870.

== Flora na Fauna ==
Àgwàetiti Limacos ma ọ bụ Rachgoun enweghị ebe obibi ma ghara inwe nrụgide sitere n'aka mmadụ. Ọ dị n'okporo ụzọ nnụnụ na-agafe n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri Algeria. Ọ bụ ebe mgbaba na ebe obibi maka ụdị nnụnụ ụfọdụ na-agagharị n'etiti Eurasia na Africa, dị ka Audouin's gulls na Eleonora's falcons.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ebe a pụrụ ịchọta akara ndị mọnk Mediterenian.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kemgbe afọ 2011 ọ bụ otu n'ime ebe Ramsar nke Algeria.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The List of Wetlands of International Importance (the Ramsar List)|url=https://www.ramsar.org/document/the-list-of-wetlands-of-international-importance-the-ramsar-list|accessdate=2022-06-10|publisher=[[Ramsar Convention]]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ramsar.org/document/the-list-of-wetlands-of-international-importance-the-ramsar-list &quot;The List of Wetlands of International Importance (the Ramsar List)&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara agwaetiti ahụ dị ka Ebe Nnụnụ Dị Mkpa (IBA) site na BirdLife International n'ihi ógbè ya nke Audouin's gulls.&lt;ref name=&quot;bli&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/%C3%AEle-rachgoune-iba-algeria|title=Rachgoune|author=&lt;!--Not stated--&gt;|date=2024|work=BirdLife Data Zone|publisher=BirdLife International|accessdate=2024-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Faịlụ:Ile_de_Rechgoun_(cropped).JPG|alt=Island view|thumb|Ebe a na-ahụ agwaetiti]]
A kpọtụrụ ya aha dị ka ebe obibi Ndị Finishia na-adịgide adịgide n'agbanyeghị obere nha ya na enweghị ihe oriri.

Na 931, agwaetiti ahụ ghọrọ ebe mgbaba na ebe siri ike nke Idrisi al-Hasan ben Abi-l-Ays. E zigara ụgbọ mmiri Umayyad nke onye a kpọrọ caliph nke al-Andalus Abd al-Rahman nke Atọ—karịsịa site n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Pechina—ka ha wee kpagbuo Idrisi ma gbaa agwaetiti ahụ gburugburu. Agbanyeghị, ụgbọ mmiri a enweghị ike ịga n'ihu na ọrụ ndị na-akpaghasị agwaetiti ahụ ma laghachi n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Andalusia n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 932.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lirola Delgado|first=Jorge|url=https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/14103|title=El poder naval de Al-Andalus en la época del califato omeya : (siglo IV hégira / X era cristiana)|date=1991|publisher=Granada: Universidad de Granada|isbn=978-84-338-1478-4|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A kọwara ya na {{Lang|es|Derrotero de las costas de España en el Mediterráneo: y su correponido de Africa para inteligencia y uso de las cartas esféricas}}, nke Vicente Tofiño nke San Miguel, onye nduzi nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị nche mmiri, bipụtara na 1787: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Miguel|first=Vicente Tofiño de San|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZPgJnX780AC|title=Derrotero de las costas de España en el Mediterráneo, y su correspondiente de África para inteligencia y uso de las cartas esféricas...|date=1787|publisher=En la imprenta de la viuda de Ibarra, Hijos y compañía|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Limacos dị otu narị kilomita n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ógbè ndị Spain nke Oran na Mazalquivir - nke Eze Carlos nke Anọ resịrị Ndị Ottoman na 1791 - a na-ekwukwa na ọ pụkwara ịbụ ihe onwunwe nke Spain n'oge gara aga, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Miguel|first=Vicente Tofiño de San|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IYkyonOU7NYC&amp;dq=isla+limacos&amp;pg=PA146|title=Derrotero de las costas de España en el Mediterraneo y su correspondiente de Africa|date=1787|publisher=Vda. de Ibarra|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; mana ọ gbahapụrụ ya n'oge ụfọdụ n'etiti narị afọ nke 18 na nke 19.

Ndị agha France weghaara agwaetiti ahụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1835, n'ihe gbasara ọgụ ha megide Abd al-Qádir, megide mbata ndị France na Algeria, na ebumnuche nke ije ozi dị ka ebe a na-enyocha osimiri yana igbochi nnyefe ngwa ọgụ na mgbọ nye ndị nnupụisi na-emegide France.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Antoine)|first=Rozet (M, Claude|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aTsQAAAAYAAJ|title=Algérie|date=1856|publisher=Firmin Didot frères|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọtụrụ Limacos aha dị ka ebe a na-egbu azụ ugboro ugboro maka ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ nke Spain n'ime narị afọ nke 18 na mmalite nke 20, nke ikpeazụ na-esikarị na Tarifa, Malaga na Altea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hemeroteca Digital. Biblioteca Nacional de España|url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0003809462|accessdate=2022-06-11|work=hemerotecadigital.bne.es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Hitos_de_soberanía_española_(Emilio_Pastor).png|alt=A book page with a black-and-white world map with several coastal points marked. The caption says in Spanish &quot;Todos estos hitos de soberanía española, juntamente con los derechos que tiene España en Haifa (Palestina), islas Limacos o Caracoles y enclaves en Australia del Espíritu Santo, forman un cinturón o línea ecuatorial española alrededor del Globo&quot;|thumb|E depụtara ikike ndị Spain n'elu Limacos na map 1950 nke &quot;ihe ịrịba ama nke ọbụbụeze Spain&quot; nke [[Emilio Pastor y Santos|Emilio Pastor na Santos]].]]
Ọ bụ ezie na a gbahapụrụ agwaetiti ahụ, enwere nkwupụta nke ọbụbụeze Spain ruo na narị afọ nke 20, mgbe a ghọtara ya dị ka &quot;Spanish&quot; na Nzukọ Algeciras nke 1906, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Otero|first=Eugenio Javier Mariñas|date=1998|title=Las plazas menores de soberanía española en Africa|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=813436|journal=Militaria: Revista de cultura militar|issue=12 (III Jornadas de la Asociación de Amigos de los Museos Militares)|pages=141–168|issn=0214-8765}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFOtero1998&quot;&gt;Otero, Eugenio Javier Mariñas (1998). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; yana ịpụta na akwụkwọ ikike na akwụkwọ Spanish n'oge narị afọ nke 19 na nke 20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cervantes|first=Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de|title=Escuela española. Año XV, núm. 765, 6 de octubre de 1955 {{!}} Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes|url=https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/escuela-espanola-2488/|accessdate=2022-06-11|work=www.cervantesvirtual.com|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|chapterurl=https://bibliotecavirtual.defensa.gob.es/BVMDefensa/es/consulta/registro.do?id=66660|title=Atlas de las costas de Europa y Africa en el Mediterráneo : Atlas Núm.1|chapter=Carta Esférica de la Costa de España desde la Punta de Europa hasta Vera con la parte correspondiente de Africa desde Ceuta hasta la Isla Limacos o de Caracoles|year=1833|publisher=Dirección Hidrográfica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, ugbu a, agwaetiti ahụ nọ n'okpuru ọbụbụeze Algeria na nkwupụta na ịkpọ aha &quot;Spanishness&quot; nke agwaetiti ahụ na akwụkwọ gọọmentị furu efu n'oge narị afọ nke 20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-09-16|title=La españolidad de los islotes Limacos y Perejil|url=https://elfarodeceuta.es/la-espanolidad-de-los-islotes-limacos-y-perejil/|accessdate=2022-06-11|work=El Faro de Ceuta|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-echebe agwaetiti ahụ dị ka Ebe Ramsar kemgbe afọ 2001.

== Edensibịa ==
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    <title>Ọdọ Mmiri Kompienga</title>
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      <text bytes="5759" sha1="ooecl57rahwspqdpqk9ionujy8e0psy" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Barrage de la Kompienga|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1875|accessdate=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn org&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%; color:black;&quot; |Ọdọ Mmiri Kompienga
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;&quot; |[[File:Kompiengastausee_MS1107.jpg|264x264px]]
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|- class=&quot;adr&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ebe
| class=&quot;infobox-data region&quot; |Ógbè Kompienga
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! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;span title=&quot;Geographical coordinates&quot;&gt;Njikọ&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Kompienga&amp;params=11_08_20_N_0_38_04_E_region:BF-KMP_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;11°08′20′′N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;0°38′04′′E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;/&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECC;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x7A;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x6E;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECD;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;11.13889°N 0.63444°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;﻿ / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;11.13889; 0.63444&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;indicator name=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:7}}&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Kompienga&amp;params=11_08_20_N_0_38_04_E_region:BF-KMP_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;11°08′20″N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;0°38′04″E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &amp;#xfeff;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;11.13889°N 0.63444°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;11.13889; 0.63444&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/indicator&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụdị
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |ọdọ mmiri
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mba ndị dị n'ime ala&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Burkina Faso
|- class=&quot;infobox-hiddenrow&quot;
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|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
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! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Aha gọọmentị&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ihe mgbochi mmiri nke Kompienga
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ndị a họpụtara
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |7 Ọktoba 2009
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ihe odide no.&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1875
|}
'''ọdọ mmiri Kompienga''' bụ ọdọ mmiri dị na Kompienga Province na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Burkina Faso. E wuru Kompienga Dam n'afọ 1980 iji mepụta ọdọ mmiri ahụ maka ebumnuche akụ na ụba.

N'afọ 1985, ndị na-ahụ maka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ buru amụma na iwu mmiri Kompienga na ọdọ mmiri ga-eweta ihe dị ka 15% mmụba na mbata na mpaghara n'etiti afọ 1985 na 1990, 15% n'etiti 1990 na 1995, na 8% n'etiti 1995 na 2000 maka ebumnuche akụ na ụba.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20101024175811/http://www.unu.edu/unupress/food2/uin08e/uin08e0g.htm Burkina Faso Case Study] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024175811/http://www.unu.edu/unupress/food2/uin08e/uin08e0g.htm |date=2010-10-24 }}, UNU, Retrieved on June 17, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;

Agbanyeghị, okike nke ọdọ mmiri na dam ahụ nwere ihe ndị metụtara ụfọdụ obodo dị n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ mebiri kpamkpam ma ọ bụ akụkụ ya.

== Edensibịa ==
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    <title>Ogige Ntụrụndụ W nke Mba</title>
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 &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Hatnote/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Ogige Ntụrụndụ W nke Mba (French: Parc national du W)&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramsar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parc national du W|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/355|access-date=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ọ bụ '''Ogige Mpaghara W''' (French: W du Niger) bụ nnukwu ogige mba dị na Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka gbara meander dị na Osimiri Niger nke yiri mkpụrụedemede [[W]] (French: okpukpu abụọ v). Ogige ntụrụndụ a gụnyere mpaghara mba atọ ahụ [[Niger]], [[Benin]] na [[Burkina Faso]], gọọmentị atọ ahụ na-achịkwa ya. Ruo afọ 2008, ọrụ ECOPAS nke EU kwadoro kwadoro mmejuputa njikwa mpaghara (Protected Ecosystems in Sudano-Sahelian Africa, French: Écosystèmes protégés en Afrique soudano-sahélienne). Ogige ntụrụndụ mba atọ a na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru aha '''W Transborder Park''' (French: Parc régional W).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.parc-w.net/ parc-w.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201062314/http://www.parc-w.net/ |date=2009-02-01 }}: Official site.&lt;/ref&gt; Ngalaba Ogige Ntụrụndụ W nke Mba nke dị na Benin, nke dị ihe karịrị 8,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (3,100 sq mi), bịara n'okpuru nlekọta zuru oke nke African Parks na June 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.africanparks.org/benin-government-commits-long-term-protection-w-national-park|title=Benin Government Commits to Long-term Protection of W National Park in Benin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Benin, Ogige Ntụrụndụ W nke Mba dị n'akụkụ Ogige Ntụrụndụ Pendjari nke bụkwa nke dị n'okpuru nlekọta nke Ogige Ntụrụndụ Afrịka.&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E kere Ogige Ntụrụndụ W nke Mba nke Niger site na iwu na 4 Ọgọst 1954, kemgbe 1996, edepụtara ya dị ka Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa nke UNESCO. N'ime Niger, a na-ede aha ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ dị ka Ngalaba Ogige Ntụrụndụ, IUCN Ụdị nke Abụọ, ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke nnukwu ogige nchekwa na ebe nchekwa. Ndị a gụnyere Dallol Bosso (Mmiri mmiri nke mba ụwa dị mkpa (Ramsar) dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Niger na njiko nke obere ahụ &quot;Parc national du W&quot; (Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar)).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/wdpa/sitedetails.cfm?siteid=818&amp;level=nat |title=World Database on Protected Areas: W du Niger |access-date=2008-08-16 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619193237/https://www.unep-wcmc.org/wdpa/sitedetails.cfm?siteid=818&amp;level=nat |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogige ntụrụndụ atọ ahụ bụ [[Nnụnụ nke Mba Nile|BirdLife International]] Important Bird Areas (IBAs) ụdị A1 na A3 (IBA codes IBA NE001, IBA BF008, na IBA BJ001).

=== Ime ihe ike ===
Na 8 Febụwarị 2022, ụgbọala abụọ nke ndị nche nke African Parks n'akụkụ Benin nke Ogige Ntụrụndụ W nke Mba gbara ogbunigwe ala nke a na-enyo enyo na ndị omekome Islam kụrụ, gbuo mmadụ asatọ.

Na 25–26 Julaị 2024, e gburu ndị nche ogige ise nke Benin na ndị agha asaa n'ime mwakpo egbe n'ime ogige ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 July 2024 |title=Five Rangers, 7 Soldiers Killed In Benin National Park: NGO |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/five-rangers-7-soldiers-killed-in-benin-national-park-ngo-0466988e |access-date=28 July 2024 |website=Barron's |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 17 Eprel 2025, e gburu ndị agha Benin 54 n'ime mwakpo dị n'ime ogige ahụ nke Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal-Muslimin kwuru na ọ bụ ya mere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 April 2025 |title=54 soldiers killed in suspected Jihadist attack in Benin |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20250423-54-soldiers-killed-in-suspected-jihadist-attack-in-benin |access-date=24 April 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala ==
[[Faịlụ:Bends_in_the_River_Niger_which_give_W_National_Park_its_distinctive_name.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px|Bends na Osimiri Niger nke nyere W National Park aha ya pụrụ iche]]
N'ime mba atọ ahụ, ogige ntụrụndụ mpaghara ahụ dị ihe dị ka 10,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (3,900 sq mi) nke ọtụtụ mmadụ na-ebighị, ruo afọ 1970, ọ bụ mpaghara mmiri mmiri nke mmiri ịba nke e ji delta nke Osimiri Mékrou na Niger kpụọ, ugwu ndị dị n'okwute gbawara. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ebe a abụrụla ebe obibi mmadụ n'oge gara aga, ebe ndị dị mkpa e gwupụtara n'ala (karịsịa ili) a hụrụ n'ógbè ahụ na-ekpebi ya.

== Ahịhịa ndụ ==
E dekọrọ ụdị osisi 454 n'ogige ahụ, gụnyere okooko osisi orchid abụọ a na-ahụ naanị na Niger. Ogige ntụrụndụ a bụkwa ókèala ndịda nke oke ọhịa tiger dị n'elu ala dị na Niger.

== Anụmanụ ==
A maara ogige a maka nnukwu anụmanụ, gụnyere aardvark, baboon, buffalo nke Afrịka, caracal, cheetah, enyi ọhịa nke Afrịka, hippopotamus, leopard nke Afrịka, Ọdụm ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka, serval na warthog. Ogige ntụrụndụ a na-enye ebe obibi maka ụfọdụ enyí ndị Africa ikpeazụ dị n'Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka. Agbanyeghị, giraffe nke dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka, nke a na-ahụkarị n'akụkụ obere nke Niger taa, adịghị na mpaghara ahụ. A makwaara ogige W maka ihe mere eme nke nkịta ọhịa West Africa nke nọ n'ihe ize ndụ,&lt;ref&gt;W National Park. 2009&lt;/ref&gt; ọ bụ ezie na canid a nwere ike ịla n'iyi ugbu a n'ógbè ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;C.Michael Hogan. 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

Ogige ntụrụndụ a bụ otu n'ime ebe ikpeazụ e wusiri ike maka cheetah nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka. A na-eme atụmatụ na obere mmadụ iri abụọ na ise bi na mpaghara a na-echebe site na W–Arli–Pendjari.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|display-authors=etal |year=2017 |title=The global decline of cheetah ''Acinonyx jubatus'' and what it means for conservation |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=114 |issue=3 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1611122114 |pages=528–533 |pmc=5255576 |pmid=28028225|doi-access=free |last1=Durant |first1=Sarah M. |last2=Mitchell |first2=Nicholas |last3=Groom |first3=Rosemary |last4=Pettorelli |first4=Nathalie |last5=Ipavec |first5=Audrey |last6=Jacobson |first6=Andrew P. |last7=Woodroffe |first7=Rosie |last8=Böhm |first8=Monika |last9=Hunter |first9=Luke T. B. |last10=Becker |first10=Matthew S. |last11=Broekhuis |first11=Femke |last12=Bashir |first12=Sultana |last13=Andresen |first13=Leah |last14=Aschenborn |first14=Ortwin |last15=Beddiaf |first15=Mohammed |last16=Belbachir |first16=Farid }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A makwaara Ogige Ntụrụndụ W nke Mba maka ọnụọgụ nnụnụ ya, ọkachasị ụdị nnụnụ ndị na-agafe agafe, yana ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 350 achọpụtara n'ogige ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;United Nations Environment Programme-World Conservation Monitoring Centre (Content Partner); Mark McGinley (Topic Editor). 2009. &quot;'''W' National Park, Niger.''&quot; In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [https://www.eoearth.org/article/'W'_National_Park,_Niger online] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091129061424/http://www.eoearth.org/article/%27W%27_National_Park%2C_Niger |date=2009-11-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Achọpụtala ogige ahụ site na [[Nnụnụ nke Mba Nile|BirdLife International]] dị ka Important Bird Area.&lt;ref&gt;BirdLife International. (2013). Important Bird Areas factsheet: 'W' National Park. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 19/03/2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Elephants bath park w Niger 2006.jpg|{{center|Bush elephants}}
File:Gazelle big road park w niger 2006148670716 94d943892c b.jpg|{{center|[[Roan antelope]]}}
File:Gazelle clearing park w niger 2006.jpg|{{center|[[Kob]] antelope}}
File:Gazelles grass park w niger 2006.jpg|{{center|[[Oribi]]s}}
File:Landsacpe_dry_stream_park_w_niger_2006.jpg|{{center|Landscape}}
File:Baboon niger parkw 2006.jpg|{{center|[[Tantalus monkey]]}}
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ogige Ntụrụndụ Pendjari

== Edensibia ==
{{Commons category|W National Park}}{{National Parks of Burkina Faso}}
{{Reflist}}

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Convers Arnaud, Chaibou Issa, Binot Aurélie, Dulieu Dominique (2007) La gestion de la transhumance dans la zone d'influence du parc régional du w par le program ecopas: une « usoro ọrụ » wụ l'aménagement de la périphérie du parc. Vertigo Hors Serie 4. URL : http://vertigo.revues.org/761 ; DOI : 10.4000/vertigo.761
* Benoit M (1998) Statut et usage du sol en périphérie du parc national du &quot;W&quot; du Niger. Tome 1 : Onyinye à l'étude du milieu naturel et des ressources végétales du canton de Tamou et du Parc du &quot;W&quot;. ORSTOM, Niamey, Niger, 41 p. [https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/griseli1/010016709.pdf]
* Doussa S (2004) Les impacts de la culture cotonnière sur la gestion des ressources naturelles du Parc W. Maitrise, Université de Ouagadougou.
* Grégoire JM, Fournier A, Eva H &amp; Sawadogo L (2003) Caractérisation de la dynamique des feux et de l'évolution du couvert dans le Parc du W: Burkina Faso, Bénin et Niger. 64 S. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060515160415/http://www-tem.jrc.it/PDF_publis/2003/Gregoire_EUR_ParcW_2003.pdf]
* Hogan C.Michael (2009) [https://web.archive.org/web/20101209234758/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=35993 ''Nkịta Ịchụ nta Ese: Foto Lycaon'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20101209234758/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=35993 N. Stromberg]
* Nacoulma, BMI (2012): Dynamique et stratégies de conservation de la végétation et de la phytodiversité du complexe écologique du Parc National du W du Burkina Faso. Nkà mmụta PhD, Mahadum de Ouagadougou.
* Nacoulma, BMI, Schmidt, M., Hahn, K., Thiombiano, A. (2020): ''Ndepụta ihe ọkụkụ ndị dị n'ime ogige ntụrụndụ mba W dị na Burkina Faso, gụnyere mpaghara ịchụ nta dị n'akụkụ Tapoa-Djerma na Kondio'' . Akwụkwọ akụkọ data ụdịdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ 8: e54205. [https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e54205]
* Rabeil T (2003) Nkesa potentielles des grands mammifères dans le Parc du W au Niger. Thesis doctoral, Univ. Paris VII. 463 S. [http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/docs/00/04/71/22/PDF/tel-00006931.pdf] 
* Price et al. (2003) Ogige Mpaghara &quot;W&quot; nke Benin, Burkina Faso na Niger - Ịrụ ọrụ na Usoro nke Njikọta Mpaghara iji dozie ma Mmasị Obodo na Ihe Ịma Aka Ndị Gbasara Ókèala. Nzukọ Ogige Ụwa 2003, Durban, RSA. Na: Pansky, Diane (ed.). 2005. Ọchịchị nke Vth World Parks Congress. Ottawa, Canada: Parks Canada na IUCN/WCPA. ISBN R62-375/2003E-MRC 0-662-40433-5. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110706175402/http://www.earthlore.ca/clients/WPC/English/grfx/sessions/PDFs/session_1/Price.pdf]
* Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba nke Niger nke W. 2009. [http://www.wwfus.org/bsp/publications/africa/108/190/chap2.htm]
* Zwarg A, Schmidt M, Janßen T, Hahn K, Zizka G (2012) Ụdị dị iche iche nke osisi, àgwà ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ala nke ahịhịa savannas na lateritic crusts (bowé) na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Burkina Faso. Flora et Vegetio Sudano-Sambesica 15: 15–24. [https://doi.org/10.21248/fvss.15.18]

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{National Parks of Niger}}{{National Parks of Burkina Faso}}{{National Parks of Niger}}

*
{{National Parks of Niger}}</text>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above fn org&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%; color:black;&quot; |Ọdọ Mmiri Barombi Mbo
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;&quot; |[[File:Manengouba-Tombel.jpg|264x264px]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;Foto Satellite sitere na [[NASA]]. Barombi Mbo bụ ọdọ mmiri dị gburugburu kachasị ukwuu, n'elu etiti.&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;switcher-container&quot;&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:256px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:256px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Cameroon_physical_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|368x368px|Location of Lake Barombi Mbo in Cameroon.]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:73.046%;left:14.315%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-3px;top:-3px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|alt=Location of Lake Barombi Mbo in Cameroon.|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Lake Barombi Mbo]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pr&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;left:4px&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ọdọ Mmiri Barombi Mbo&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;switcher-label&quot; style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Ihe ngosi map nke Cameroon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:256px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:256px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Africa_relief_location_map.jpg|class=notpageimage noviewer|256x256px|Location of Lake Barombi Mbo in Cameroon.]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:45.049%;left:41.926%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-3px;top:-3px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|alt=Location of Lake Barombi Mbo in Cameroon.|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Lake Barombi Mbo]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pr&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;left:4px&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ọdọ Mmiri Barombi Mbo&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;switcher-label&quot; style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;Ihe ngosi map nke Africa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;span title=&quot;Geographical coordinates&quot;&gt;Njikọ&lt;/span&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Barombi_Mbo&amp;params=4_39_41_N_9_24_9_E_type:waterbody &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;4°39′41′′N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;9°24′9′′E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;/&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECC;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x7A;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x6E;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECD;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;4.66139°N 9.40250°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;﻿ / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;4.66139; 9.40250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;indicator name=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lake_Barombi_Mbo&amp;params=4_39_41_N_9_24_9_E_type:waterbody &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;4°39′41″N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;9°24′9″E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &amp;#xfeff;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;4.66139°N 9.40250°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;4.66139; 9.40250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/indicator&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụdị
| class=&quot;infobox-data category&quot; |Ọdọ mmiri na-agbọpụta ọkụ
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Primary outflows: rivers, streams, evaporation&quot;&gt;Mmiri na-esi na ya apụta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Osimiri Mungo
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mba ndị dị n'ime ala&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Cameroon
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid&quot; |
|- class=&quot;note&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Max ogologo oge&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2.15 km (1.34 mi) (diameter) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|- class=&quot;note&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Ebe dị n'elu&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |5 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (1.9 mi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)  ''ma ọ bụ'' km2 (2.7 mi2) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|- class=&quot;note&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Nkezi omimi&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |69 m (226 ft) &lt;ref name=&quot;FEW&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|- class=&quot;note&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Max omimi&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |111 m (364 ft) &lt;ref name=&quot;FEW&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|- class=&quot;note&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Elu ala&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |300 m (980 ft) &lt;ref name=&quot;FEW&quot; /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|- class=&quot;infobox-hiddenrow&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;border-style:solid;border-width:4px;border-color:#8DE3D2&quot;&gt;Ala Mmiri Ramsar&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Aha gọọmentị&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ọdọ Mmiri Barombi Mbo
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ndị a họpụtara
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |8 Ọktoba 2006
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ihe odide no.&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1643
|}
[[Faịlụ:Bakundu_Forest_Reserve,_Lake_Barombi.jpg|thumb|Ogige Ọhịa Bakundu, Ọdọ Mmiri Barombi]]
'''ọwa mmiri Barombi Mbo''' ma ọ bụ '''Barombi-ma-Mbu''' bụ ọdọ mmiri dị nso Kumba na Southwest Region nke [[Cameroon]]. Ọ dị na Cameroon volcanic yinye, ọ bụkwa ọdọ mmiri volcanic kachasị ukwuu na mpaghara a.&lt;ref name=FEW/&gt; Ọ bụ otu n'ime ọdọ mmiri kacha ochie e ji redio carbon mee n'Africa,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HCeFQoNnUe0C&amp;dq=Barombi+Mbo&amp;pg=PA182 |title=Past climate variability through Europe and Africa |isbn=978-1-4020-2121-3 |access-date=2023-03-17 |archive-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209071436/https://books.google.com/books?id=HCeFQoNnUe0C&amp;dq=Barombi+Mbo&amp;pg=PA182 |url-status=live |last1=Battarbee |first1=Richard W. |last2=Gasse |first2=Françoise |last3=Stickley |first3=Catherine E. |date=6 November 2007 |publisher=Springer }}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe ọ bụ na ọ dị ihe dị ka otu nde afọ, nke kacha nta lava flow dị n'ime ya.&lt;ref name=Thieme2005/&gt; Na maapụ ndị ọchịchị ochie, a maara mpaghara ahụ dị ka Oké Osimiri Elefanten (Ọdọ Mmiri Elephant), mana Enyi bi na mpaghara ahụ bụ e kpochapụrụ n'ihi Azụmaahịa nnụnụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/dspace/bitstream/1887/8060/1/11_530_026.pdf |title=Elephants and Their Interactions with People and Vegetation in the Waza-Logone Region, Cameroon, Part I Introduction and General Background, 1.1 The Problem, pg 3. |access-date=2010-05-30 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175133/https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/dspace/bitstream/1887/8060/1/11_530_026.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị dị ndụ ==
Ruo ugbu a, e dekọrọ ụdị azụ iri na ise n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref name=FEW&gt;Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (2008). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=519 Western Equatorial Crater Lakes.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005204252/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=519 |date=5 October 2011 }}''&lt;/ref&gt; N'etiti ndị ọzọ, nke a gụnyere ''Labeobarbus batesii'', onye otu nke ''Fundulopanchax mirabilis'' otu, na azụ̀ catfish endemic ''Clarias maclareni''. Ikekwe ihe kacha pụta ìhè bụ ụdị cichlid iri na otu a na-ahụkarị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ. (''Konia spp.'', ''Stomatepia spp.'', ''Myaka myaka'', ''Pungu maclareni'', ''Sarotherodon caroli'', '' linnellii'', '' lohbergeri'', na '' steinbachi'').&lt;ref name =Sympatric&gt;Schliewen, U.K., Tautz, D., and Pääbo, S. (1994). ''Sympatric speciation suggested by monophyly of crater lake cichlids.'' [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] 368(6472): 629–632.&lt;/ref&gt; A na-amatakarị cichlid ndị a dị ka ihe atụ kachasị mma nke sympatric speciation,&lt;ref name=&quot;Sympatric&quot;/&gt; mana ọmụmụ ihe na-egosi na ha abụghị ihe si n'otu ihe omume ntọala pụta.&lt;ref name=Martin2015&gt;Martin; Cutler; Friel; Touokong; Coop; and Wainwright (2015). Complex histories of repeated gene flow in Cameroon crater lake cichlids cast doubt on one of the clearest examples of sympatric speciation. Evolution 69-6: 1406–1422. {{doi|10.1111/evo.12674}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị n'usoro nke ukwuu n'ụzọ doro anya, enweghị oxygen miri emi karịa {{cvt|40|m|ft }}, nke pụtara na azụ̀ dị naanị n'akụkụ elu dị nso n'elu ya.&lt;ref name=Thieme2005&gt;Thieme, M.L.; R. Abell; N. Burgess; B. Lehner; E. Dinerstein; and D. Olson (2005). Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment, pp. 58–60. Island Press. {{isbn|1-55963-365-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agbanyeghị, otu n'ime ụdị cichlid, ''Konia dikume'', nwere oke hemoglobin dị elu nke ukwuu n'ọbara ya, nke na-enye ya ohere ịbanye na mmiri oxygen dị ala nwa oge iji rie glassworms (''Chaoborus''). Ụdị cichlid ndị ọzọ dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ gụnyere ma generalist na specialist feeders. Ọkachamara pụrụ iche bụ ''Pungu maclareni'', nke na-erikarị ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya.sponge ''Corvospongilla thysi''.&lt;ref name=Thieme2005/&gt;&lt;ref name=Steeves2010&gt;Steeves, G. (2010). [http://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/Barombi-Mbo.php Insight on Barombi Mbo, Cameroon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131182842/http://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/Barombi-Mbo.php |date=2018-01-31 }}. Cichlid-forum Retrieved 3 June 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Anụ ọhịa Barombi Mbo niile bụ ọnụ na-agbawa agbawas.&lt;ref name=Steeves2010/&gt; E wezụga ogbo ahụ, ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ebe obibi nke ụdị oporo ''Caridina'' a na-ahụkarị.&lt;ref name=FEW/&gt;

Azụ̀ niile a na-ahụkarị na-eyi egwu nke ukwuu site na mmetọ na sedimentation sitere na ọrụ mmadụ. Ha nwekwara ike ịbụ ndị nwere nnukwu mwepụta nke carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) site na ala ọdọ mmiri ahụ (tụnyere Lake Nyos),&lt;ref name=IUCN1&gt;{{Cite iucn |author=Moelants, T. |title=''Stomatepia mongo'' |volume=2010 |article-number=e.T20865A9233664 |date=2010 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T20865A9233664.en |access-date=25 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=IUCN2&gt;{{Cite iucn |author=Moelants, T. |title=''Konia dikume'' |volume=2010 |article-number=e.T11054A3248087 |date=2010 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T11054A3248087.en |access-date=25 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=IUCN3&gt;{{Cite iucn |author=Moelants, T. |title=''Konia eisentrauti'' |volume=2010 |article-number=e.T11055A3248338 |date=2010 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T11055A3248338.en |access-date=25 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọ bụ ezie na nnyocha na-egosi na Barombo Mbo enweghị oke gas a.&lt;ref&gt;Freeth, S.J.; C.O. Ofoegbu; and K.M. Onuoha (1992). Natural Hazards in West and Central Africa, pp. 50–51. {{ISBN|978-3-663-05239-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; A machibidoro ịkụ azụ azụ n'ahịa n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref name=IUCN1/&gt;&lt;ref name=IUCN2/&gt;&lt;ref name=IUCN3/&gt; Agbanyeghị, ịkụ azụ̀ ndụ dị ukwuu emeela ka azụ̀ Barombi Mbo daa, mana ọ na-agbanwe gaa n'omume ndị na-adịgide adịgide.&lt;ref name=Steeves2010/&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; perrow=&quot;3&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Lake_Barombi,_Crater_Lake.jpg|Lake Barombi, Crater Lake
Faịlụ:Full_extent,_Lake_Barombi.jpg|Full extent, Lake Barombi
Faịlụ:Lake_Barombi,_Kumba.jpg|Side view of Lake Barombi, Kumba 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ọdọ Mmiri Barombi Koto
* Ọdọ Mmiri Bermin
* Ọdọ Mmiri Dissoni
* Ọdọ Mmiri Ejagham
* Ọdọ Mmiri Oku

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120726165304/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&amp;cpsidt=3956958 CNRS] E debere ya na  Wayback Machine
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    <title>Ọwara Okavango</title>
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[[Faịlụ:DeltaOkawango.jpg|thumb|Foto Satellite (SeaWiFS) nke Okavango Delta, na ókèala mba agbakwunyere]]
[[Faịlụ:Vista_aérea_del_delta_del_Okavango,_Botsuana,_2018-08-01,_DD_32.jpg|thumb|Ógbè a na-ahụkarị na Okavango Delta, nke nwere ọwa mmiri na ọdọ mmiri, ala mmiri na agwaetiti n'efu]]
'''Okavango Delta''' ma ọ bụ '''Okavango Grassland''' bụ nnukwu delta dị n'ime ala na Botswana ebe Osimiri Okavango ruru tectonic trough n'elu 930–1,000 m (3,050–3,280 ft)&lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar1996&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ramsar Information Sheet|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf|date=1996|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=31 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015705/https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'etiti akụkụ nke endorheic basin nke Kalahari Desert.

Ọ bụ ebe UNESCO dị n'ime ụwa dịka otu n'ime sistemụ delta ole na ole dị n'ime ya nke na-anaghị abanye n'oké osimiri ma ọ bụ oké osimiri, ya na usoro ala mmiri nke na-adịghị emebi emebi.&lt;ref name=&quot;unesco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162|title=Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting|first=UNESCO World Heritage|author=Centre|work=Whc.unesco.org|accessdate=4 April 2018|archivedate=26 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234247/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kama nke ahụ, mmiri idei mmiri ahụ gbasaa n'elu ájá na agwaetiti ndị dị n'ime ala, nnukwu òkè na-abanyekwa n'ime obere alluvial aquifer dị n'okpuru, tupu osisi eburu ya. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mmiri niile ruru delta na-apụ n'anya ma pụta ìhè.

Kwa afọ, ihe dị ka kilomita 11 (cu mi 2.6) nke mmiri na-agbasa n'elu mpaghara 6,000–15,000 km2 (2,300–5,800 sq mi). Ụfọdụ mmiri idei mmiri na-asọba n'ime ọdọ mmiri Ngami. Ebe ahụ bụbu akụkụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Makgadikgadi, ọdọ mmiri ochie nke kpọrọ nkụ nke ukwuu n'oge mbụ Holocene.

Ebe Nchekwa Anụmanụ Moremi dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke delta. A kpọrọ delta ahụ otu n'ime ihe ebube asaa nke Afrịka, nke a kpọsara n'ihu ọha na 11 Febụwarị 2013 na Arusha, [[Tanzania]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://sevennaturalwonders.org/africa|title=Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders|work=sevennaturalwonders.org|accessdate=22 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221103510/http://sevennaturalwonders.org/africa/|archivedate=21 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 22 Juun 2014, Okavango Delta ghọrọ ebe 1000 nke e debanyere aha na UNESCO World Heritage List.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159|title=World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana|first=UNESCO World Heritage|author=Centre|work=Whc.unesco.org|accessdate=4 April 2018|archivedate=26 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234253/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;unesco&quot; /&gt;

== Aha ya ==
Aha Okavango sitere na Osimiri Okavango, nke aha ya si na Kavango, nke na-ezo aka na ndị Kavango nke ugwu Namibia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Water|first=John Misachi September 2 2021 in Bodies of|date=2021-09-02|title=Okavango River|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/okavango-river.html|accessdate=2026-06-23|work=WorldAtlas|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mkpọpụta Bekee ochie gụnyere Okovango, ebe ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta Namibia na-ahọrọ Kavango mgbe ha na-ekwu maka osimiri na mpaghara Namibia. Ọkà ihe mere eme bụ́ Andreas Eckl kwuru na akụkọ ndị German chịrị mba ahụ jiri Okavango mee ihe, mana okwu mbụ O- abụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị n'asụsụ Kavango dị n'ógbè ahụ, kama nke ahụ, a na-ekwu na ọ bụ mmetụta nke Herero.&lt;ref name=&quot;eckl-2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Eckl|first=Andreas|year=2007|title=Reports from 'beyond the line': The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911|url=https://welwitschia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/JNS_June2007_7to37.pdf|journal=Journal of Namibian Studies|volume=1|pages=7–37|accessdate=12 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala ==

=== Idei Mmiri ===
Idei mmiri na-eme ka mmiri Okavango ghọọ mmiri idei nke oge. Osimiri Okavango na-ebu mmiri sitere n'oge ọkọchị (Jenụwarị ruo Febụwarị) mmiri ozuzo sitere n'ugwu Angola, ebili mmiri ahụ na-asọkwa kilomita 1,200 (maịlụ 750) n'ime ihe dị ka otu ọnwa. Mmiri ahụ gbasaara n'elu ala 37,500 km2 (14,500 sq mi) nke delta ahụ n'ime ọnwa anọ sochirinụ (Maachị ruo Juun). &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2026)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Oke okpomọkụ nke delta na-eme ka mmiri na-apụta ngwa ngwa na mmiri na-ekupụ mmiri, nke na-ebute usoro atọ nke ọkwa mmiri na-arị elu ma na-ada&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=C. N. Kurugundla|title=Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management|url=https://www.water.gov.bw/images/Reports/Okavango_Delta.pdf|publisher=[[University of Botswana]]|pages=8–9|accessdate=17 January 2021|archivedate=31 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/https://www.water.gov.bw/images/Reports/Okavango_Delta.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke ahụ ka a na-aghọtachaghị ruo na mmalite narị afọ nke 20. Idei mmiri na-arị elu n'etiti ọnwa Juun na Ọgọst, n'oge oyi kpọrọ nkụ nke Botswana, mgbe delta ahụ na-eto ruo okpukpu atọ nke nha ya na-adịgide adịgide, na-adọta anụmanụ site na kilomita gburugburu ma na-emepụta otu n'ime ebe kachasị ukwuu n'Africa nke ￼￼anụ ọhịa.

Delta ahụ dị larịị nke ukwuu, ogologo ya dị ihe na-erughị mita 2 (ụkwụ 6 na sentimita 7) n'obosara ya dị kilomita 15,000 (5,800 sq mi), ebe mmiri ahụ na-ada ihe dị ka mita 60 (ụkwụ 200) site na Mohembo ruo Maun.&lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar1996&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wehberg|first=J.|title=Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting|journal=Biodiversity &amp; Ecology|date=31 December 2013|volume=5|pages=11|doi=10.7809/b-e.00236}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gumbricht|first=T.|title=The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications|journal=South African Journal of Geology|date=2001|volume=104|issue=3|pages=243–264|doi=10.2113/1040243}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmiri na-asọ ===

=== Ọdọ Mmiri ===
[[Faịlụ:Shinde_Lagoon,_Okavango_Delta,_Botswana.jpg|thumb|Shinde Lagoon, nke a hụrụ site n'ikuku]]
Mgbe ọkwa mmiri ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata, mmiri na-anọgide na nnukwu ọwa mmiri na akwa osimiri, n'olulu mmiri na n'ọtụtụ nnukwu ọdọ mmiri, nke na-adọta ọtụtụ anụmanụ. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2026)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Agwaetiti nnu ===
Nchikọta nnu gburugburu mgbọrọgwụ osisi na-eduga n'ebe ndị ọcha na-adịghị ọcha n'etiti ọtụtụ puku agwaetiti dị iche iche, ndị a aghọwo nnu nke na-agaghị ekwe ka osisi tolite, ma e wezụga osisi nkwụ nke na-anaghị anabata nnu mgbe ụfọdụ. Osisi na ahịhịa na-eto n'ájá gburugburu nsọtụ agwaetiti ndị ahụ na-aghọbeghị nnu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Balasubramaniam|first=T.|date=2023|title=Plants' Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress|journal=Plants (Basel, Switzerland)|volume=12|issue=12|pages=2253|doi=10.3390/plants12122253|pmid=37375879}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe dị ka pasentị iri asaa nke agwaetiti ndị ahụ malitere dị ka ugwu termite (nke a na-akpọkarị Macrotermes spp.), ebe osisi na-agbanye mgbọrọgwụ n'elu ugwu ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August|url=http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm|author=Dunford|first=C.|accessdate=29 May 2020|archivedate=20 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055602/http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Àgwàetiti Chief ===
E ji ahịrị dị n'elu ugwu nke dị kilomita iri asaa n'ogologo (mile iri anọ na atọ) na kilomita iri na ise n'obosara (mile iri itoolu na atọ) mepụta agwaetiti Chief's Island (19°12'S 22°48'E), agwaetiti kachasị ukwuu na delta. N'oge gara aga, e debere ya dị ka ebe ịchụ nta pụrụ iche maka onyeisi, mana ugbu a ọ bụ ebe nchekwa maka anụ ọhịa. Ugbu a, ọ na-enye ebe dị mkpa maka ọtụtụ anụmanụ bi ebe ahụ mgbe mmiri na-arị elu. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2026)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Mmiri na-amụ banyere mmiri ==
Ọwa mmiri nke Okavango Delta sitere na Osimiri Okavango, nke e ji njikọta nke osimiri Cubango na Cuito dị n'Angola mepụta tupu ọ gafee Namibia wee banye Botswana. Mgbe ọ banyere n'ime delta dị nso na Mohembo, osimiri ahụ na-ekewa n'ime netwọk dị mgbagwoju anya nke ọwa nkesa, ala idei mmiri, ọdọ mmiri, na apịtị na-adịgide adịgide nke na-akwado otu n'ime nnukwu delta dị n'ime ime obodo n'ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wolski|first=P.|year=2003|title=Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta|journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth|volume=28|issue=20–27|pages=1165–1172|doi=10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=McCarthy|first=T.S.|year=2023|title=Spatial and temporal controls on the solute behavior of rivers in arid watersheds: The Okavango River|journal=Journal of Hydrology|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129370}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Major distributary channels include the Boro, Maunachira, Thaoge, Santantadibe, Nqoga, and Jao systems. Ọwa ndị a na-ekesa mmiri idei mmiri oge niile n'ofe delta, imepụta mosaic siri ike nke ala mmiri na-adịgide adịgide na ala idei mmiri nke mmiri jupụtara n'oge nke na-akwado ụdị ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gieske|first=A.|year=1997|title=Modelling outflow from the Jao/Boro River system in the Okavango Delta|journal=Journal of Hydrology|volume=193|pages=214–239|doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe dị ka pasentị 96–98 nke mmiri na-abanye na delta na-efunahụ site na ikuku mmiri, mmiri mmiri na-agbapụta, na ikuku mmiri, ebe naanị obere akụkụ na-esi na sistemụ ahụ apụta site n'osimiri Thamalakane na Boteti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gieske|first=A.|year=1997|title=Modelling outflow from the Jao/Boro River system in the Okavango Delta|journal=Journal of Hydrology|volume=193|pages=214–239|doi=10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wolski|first=P.|year=2003|title=Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta|journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth|doi=10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnọdụ ihu igwe ==
[[Faịlụ:Okavango_Delta.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Nlegharị anya n'elu nke delta ka idei mmiri na-agbadata, Ọgọst 2012]]
Ọ bụghị na mmiri dị n'ime Delta ka ahịhịa ndụ juru eju; kama ọ bụ ebe a na-akpọ oasis n'obodo kpọrọ nkụ. Mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ bụ 450 mm (inchi 18) (ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke mpaghara Angola ha na-ejide mmiri) ebe ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-ada n'etiti Disemba na Maachị n'ụdị oké ifufe ehihie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Okavango Delta {{!}} Botswana|url=https://www.namibweb.com/okavangodelta.htm|accessdate=2026-06-23|work=www.namibweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Disemba ruo Febụwarị bụ ọnwa mmiri ozuzo na-ekpo ọkụ nke nwere okpomọkụ ehihie dị elu ruo 40 °C (104 °F), abalị na-ekpo ọkụ, na ọkwa iru mmiri na-agbanwe n'etiti 50 na 80%. Site na Machị ruo Mee, okpomọkụ na-ebelata, ma ọ dịkarịa ala 30°C (86°F) n'ehihie ma dịkwa jụụ n'abalị. Mmiri ozuzo na-akpọnwụ ngwa ngwa ruo n'oge oyi kpọrọ nkụ nke ọnwa Juun ruo Ọgọst. Okpomọkụ ehihie n'oge a n'afọ na-adị obere ma ọ bụ na-ekpo ọkụ, mana okpomọkụ na-ada nke ukwuu mgbe anyanwụ dara. Oyi nwere ike ịdị n'abalị na delta, ebe okpomọkụ anaghị agafe oke oyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time|url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana|work=Climatestotravel.com|accessdate=2020-05-15|archivedate=20 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055436/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ahụ ntu oyi mgbe ụfọdụ n'oge oyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta|title=A Year in the Okavango Delta|work=Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The September to November span has the heat and atmospheric pressure build up once more, as the dry season slides into the rainy season. Ọktoba bụ ọnwa kacha sie ike maka ndị ọbịa: okpomọkụ ehihie na-adịkarị karịa 40°C (104°F) na mgbe ụfọdụ, nkụ ahụ na-agbaji site na mberede nke oké ifufe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=UNEP-WCMC|date=2017-05-22|title=OKAVANGO DELTA|url=https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=World Heritage Datasheet|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Anụmanụ nke Delta ==
[[Faịlụ:Cheetah_at_Sunset.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Cheetah nke e sere n'ihu ọdịda anyanwụ na Delta]]
Okavango Delta bụ ebe obibi nke ụdị anụ ọhịa dị iche iche na nke oge. Anụmanụ niile nke nnukwu anụ ise, [[Odúm|lion]], [[Ágụ|leopard]], African buffalo, African bush elephant, black na white rhinoceros nọ ebe a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Galpine|first=N. J.|year=2006|title=Boma management of black and white rhinoceros at Mombo, Okavango Delta — some lessons|journal=Ecological Journal|volume=7|pages=55−61|url=https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf|accessdate=1 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Antílopes_lechwes_(Kobus_leche),_vista_aérea_del_delta_del_Okavango,_Botsuana,_2018-08-01,_DD_27.jpg|thumb|Obere nchịkọta nke antelopes lechwe, Okavango Delta]]
Anụmanụ buru ibu kachasị baa ụba bụ red lechwe, atụmatụ na-egosi na ihe dị ka 88,000.
Ụdị ndị ọzọ gụnyere giraffe, blue wildebeest, plains zebra, hippopotamus,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=McCarthy|first=T. S.|year=1998|title=Some observations on the geomorphological impact of hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'' L.) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana|journal=African Journal of Ecology|volume=36|issue=1|pages=44−56|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2028.1998.89-89089.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; impala, common eland, greater kudu, sable antelope, roan antelope, puku, waterbuck, sitatunga, tsessebe, cheetah,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Klein|first=R.|year=2007|title=Status report for the cheetah in Botswana|journal=Cat News|volume=Special Issue 1|pages=13−21|url=http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf|accessdate=1 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Nkịta ọhịa nke Afrịka|African wild dog]], spotted hyena, black-backed jackal, caracal, serval, aardvark, aardwolf, bat-eared fox, African savanna hare, honey badger, common warthog, chacma baboon, vervet monkey na Nile crocodile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wallace|first=K. M.|year=2008|title=Diet of the Nile crocodile (''Crocodylus niloticus'') in the Okavango Delta, Botswana|journal=Journal of Herpetology|volume=42|issue=2|pages=361−368|doi=10.1670/07-1071.1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Delta ahụ nwekwara ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 400, gụnyere helmeted guineafowl, African fish eagle, Pel's fishing owl, Egyptian goose, South African shelduck, African jacana, African skimmer, marabou stork, crested crane, African spoonbill, [[Onye na-agba ụta n'Afrịka|African darter]], southern ground hornbill, wattled crane,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|editor=Alonso|year=2003|title=A rapid biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: High Water Survey|series=RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment|publisher=Conservation International|location=Washington, DC|isbn=1-881173-70-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; lilac-breasted roller, secretary bird na common ostrich.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mbaiwa|first=J. E.|year=2006|title=The effects of veterinary fences on wildlife populations in Okavango Delta, Botswana|journal=International Journal of Wilderness|volume=12|issue=3|pages=17−41}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kemgbe afọ 2005, a na-ewere ebe nchekwa ahụ dị ka Ngalaba Nchekwa Ọdụm yana Ogige Ntụrụndụ Hwange.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=IUCN Cat Specialist Group|year=2006|title=Conservation Strategy for the Lion ''Panthera leo'' in Eastern and Southern Africa|publisher=IUCN|location=Pretoria, South Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

By 2019, about 150 rhinocerosses were living in the northern Okavango Delta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Poaching, Natural Causes Decimate Botswana's Rhino Population|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html|work=Voa News|accessdate=13 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 2020 ruo 2021, ndị na-achụ nta anụ gburu rhino 92 na mpaghara delta, nke mere ka naanị rhino 40 fọdụrụ, nke mere ka gọọmentị chụpụ rhino ndị ahụ na Okavango Delta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Botswana Moves Rhinos Out of Okavango Delta as Poaching Worsens|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens|work=Bloomberg|accessdate=13 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Azụ ===
Okavango Delta nwere ụdị azụ̀ iri asaa na otu, gụnyere azụ̀ tigerfish, ụdị azụ̀ tilapia, na ụdị azụ̀ dị iche iche nke catfish. Nha azụ̀ dị site na azụ̀ sharptooth nke Afrịka nke dị mita 1.4 (ụkwụ 4.6) ruo na 3.2 cm (1.3 in) nke sickle barb. Ụdị ihe ndị a na-eme n'Osimiri Zambezi, nke na-egosi njikọ dị n'etiti usoro osimiri abụọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf|title=The Fishes of the Okavango Delta|work=Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre|year=2007|accessdate=2011-02-02|archivedate=6 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162829/http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Osisi ==
Okavango Delta nwere osisi 1068 nke ezinụlọ 134 na ụdị 530.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ramberg|first=L.|date=2006|title=Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917|journal=Aquatic Sciences|volume=68|issue=3|pages=316|doi=10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nwere osisi mpaghara ise dị mkpa n'ime apịtị ndị na-adịgide adịgide: ''Papyrus cyperus'' n'ime mmiri miri emi, Miscanthus n'ebe idei mmiri na-adịghị omimi, na Phragmites australis, Typha capensis na Pycreus n'etiti. Ụdị apịtị ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ime apịtị ndị na-adịgide adịgide, na-agbasakwa ruo n'ebe mmiri na-ezo n'oge.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ''Papyrus cyperus'' ubi ahịhịa na-eto nke ọma na mmiri na-asọ nwayọ nwayọ nke dị omimi ọkara ma na-apụta ìhè n'akụkụ ọwa mmiri. N'agwaetiti na ala ndị dị n'elu ala ahịhịa ndị idei mmiri jupụtara, e nwere obodo dị iche iche nke osisi dị iche iche. A na-ahụ ụdị ndị a dịka mmiri ha si chọọ: dịka ọmụmaatụ ''Philenoptera violacea'' a naghị achọ mmiri nke ọma, ọ na-adịkwa n'ebe kachasị elu n'ala mmiri ndị na-adịgide adịgide, ọ na-adịkarịkwa n'agwaetiti mmiri ndị kpọrọ nkụ n'oge ọkọchị. Osisi ndị a na-ahụkarị n'agwaetiti ndị dị n'ime apịtị na-adịgide adịgide bụ ngwakọta nke osisi nkwụ ''Hyphaene'' ''petersiana'' na acacias.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Toerien|first=D. K.|date=1976|title=Geologie van die Tsitsikamakusstrook|journal=Koedoe|volume=19|issue=1|doi=10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179|issn=2071-0771}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Osisi ndị dị na delta na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'igbochi mbuze. Agwaetiti ma ọ bụ olulu mmiri nke osimiri na-enwekarị apịtị dị elu, nke a na-ejikọta ya na ájá dị n'osimiri ahụ iji na-ewulite akụkụ osimiri ahụ mgbe niile. Ibu osimiri ahụ dị n'ime delta fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ájá kpamkpam, n'ihi na mmiri dị ọcha nke Okavango nwere obere apịtị. Osisi ndị ahụ na-ejide ájá ahụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka gluu ma na-emeju enweghị apịtị, ma na-emepụta agwaetiti ndị ọzọ ebe osisi ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịgba mkpọrọgwụ na ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Nanson|first=G. C.|title=Rivers and alluvial fans|date=1978|pages=925–952|publisher=Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg|doi=10.1007/3-540-31079-7_173|isbn=978-3-540-31079-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị mmadụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Travesía_del_delta_del_Okavango_en_makoro,_Botsuana,_2018-08-01,_DD_22.jpg|thumb|Hambukushu na-eduzi osisi ya na mmiri ozuzo]]
Ndị Okavango Delta nwere agbụrụ ise, nke ọ bụla nwere njirimara na asụsụ nke ya:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=OKAVANGO DELTA|url=https://www.botswana-info.com/country/article/296/okavango-delta|accessdate=2026-06-23|work=www.botswana-info.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Ndị Hambukushu (a makwaara dị ka Mbukushu, Bukushu, Bukusu, Mabukuschu, Ghuva, Haghuva),
* Ndị Dceriku (Dxeriku, Diriku, Gciriku, Gceriku, Giriku, Niriku),
* Ndị Wayeyi (Bayei, Bayeyi, Yei),
* Ndị Bugakhwe (Kxoe, Khwe, Kwengo, Barakwena, G|anda)
* Ndị ǁanikhwe (Gxanekwe, ǁtanekwe, [[River Bushmen]], Swamp Bushmen, Gǁani, ǁani, Xanekwe).

Ndị Hambukushu, Dceriku, na Wayeyi na-etinye aka n'akụ na ụba dị iche iche dịka ọrụ ugbo millet/sorghum, ịkụ azụ̀, ịchụ nta, ịchịkọta nri osisi ọhịa, na ịzụ anụ ụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-12-20|title=Okavango Delta - Living Lakes Network|url=https://livinglakes.org/okavango-delta/|accessdate=2026-06-23|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị Bugakhwe na ǁanikwhe bụ Ndị Bushmen, bụ́ ndị na-akụ azụ̀, ịchụ nta, na ịchịkọta nri osisi ọhịa; Bugakhwe jiri ma ihe ndị dị n'ime ọhịa ma nke dị n'akụkụ osimiri mee ihe, ebe ndị bi n'akụkụ osimiri lekwasịrị anya nke ukwuu. Hambukushu, Dceriku, na Bugakhwe dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Okavango dị n'Angola nakwa n'akụkụ Caprivi nke Namibia, obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Hambukushu na Bugakhwe dịkwa na Zambia. N'ime Okavango Delta, n'ime ihe dị ka afọ 150 gara aga ma ọ bụ karịa, Hambukushu, Dceriku, na Bugakhwe ebirila na panhandle na Magwegqana dị na delta ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ndị mmadụ bi na panhandle na mpaghara dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Boro site na delta, tinyere mpaghara dị n'akụkụ Osimiri Boteti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=OKAVANGO DELTA|url=https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park|accessdate=2026-06-23|work=Baruch Safaris|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wayeyi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wayeyi|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/|accessdate=2021-06-02|work=Minority Rights Group|date=19 June 2015|language=en-GB|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215842/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebiela n'ógbè dị gburugburu Seronga yana mpaghara ndịda gbara gburugburu Maun, na ole na ole Wayeyi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Campbell|first=Alexander Colin|date=March 1980|title=The National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x|journal=Museum International|volume=32|issue=1–2|pages=61–66|doi=10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x|issn=1350-0775|accessdate=2 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; bi n'ụlọ nna nna ha dị na Caprivi Strip. N'ime afọ iri abụọ gara aga, ọtụtụ mmadụ si n'akụkụ niile nke Okavango akwagaala Maun, n'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1960 na mmalite afọ 1970, ihe karịrị ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ Hambukushu 4,000 si Angola biri n'ógbè dị gburugburu Etsha na ọdịda anyanwụ Panhandle.

Kemgbe ngwụcha narị afọ nke 18, Okavango Delta anọwo n'okpuru ọchịchị nke Batawana (mba Tswana).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Moanaphuti|author=Segolodi|title=Ditso Tsa Batawana|date=1940|url=https://www.academia.edu/12170767|accessdate=1 May 2015|archivedate=6 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306233801/https://www.academia.edu/12170767}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịbụ onye ụlọ Mathiba nke Mbụ, onye ndu otu ndị Bangladesh, Batawana guzobere njikwa zuru oke na delta ahụ n'afọ 1850 ka azụmaahịa ọdụdụ mpaghara ahụ gbawara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Barry|author=Morton|title=The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880|journal=South African Historical Journal|volume=36|year=1997|pages=220–239|doi=10.1080/02582479708671276}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ ndị Batawana bi n'akụkụ delta, n'ihi iyi egwu nke ijiji tsetse na-etinye n'ahụ ehi ha. N'ime oge ezumike nke ihe dị ka afọ iri anọ, ijiji tsetse laghachiri azụ, ọtụtụ ndị Batawana bikwa n'ime apịtị site na 1896 ruo na ngwụcha afọ 1930. Kemgbe ahụ, ọnụ ụzọ delta ahụ ejupụtala nke ukwuu n'ihi mmụba nke ọnụọgụgụ mmadụ na anụ ụlọ ya.

== Njem ==
Ọzara nke Okavango Delta na anụ ọhịa ya na-adọta ọtụtụ narị puku ndị njem nleta kwa afọ, obodo Maun na-eje ozi dị ka ọnụ ụzọ ámá mpaghara ahụ.

Njem nlegharị anya nke oge a malitere n'oge ngwụcha afọ 1960, mgbe e wuru ogige ntụrụndụ nke oge a mbụ na delta. Ngwaahịa njem nlegharị anya kemgbe amụbaala gụnyere safaris ụlọ dị elu, safaris mkpanaka, ịga ụlọikwuu onwe onye, ikiri nnụnụ, draịvụ egwuregwu, ụgbọ elu mara mma, njem a na-eduzi, ịkụ azụ̀ ntụrụndụ na njem ụgbọ mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;mbaiwa-2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mbaiwa|first=J. E.|year=2005|title=Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana|url=https://adpbotswana.pbworks.com/f/Enclave%2Btourism%2Band%2Bits%2Bsocio-economic%2Bimpacts.pdf|journal=Tourism Management|volume=26|issue=2|pages=157–172|doi=10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005|accessdate=12 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Botswana akwalitela usoro njem dị oke ọnụ, nke na-anaghị efu nnukwu ego na mpaghara Okavango, nke e bu n'obi iji belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ma na-eme ka ndị ọbịa nwee nnukwu mmefu.
Akụkọ UNESCO nke afọ 2014 chọpụtara na e nwere akwa ndị njem nleta 2,129 n'ógbè ahụ. Na 2017, ndị Delta nabatara ndị ọbịa 52,638, nke 43,363 bụ ndị njem nleta mba ofesi ebe 9,275 bụ ndị obodo. Nke a bụ obere akụkụ nke otu nde ndị njem nleta mba ofesi Botswana na-enweta kwa afọ.

== ''Molapos'' (iyi mmiri) ==
[[Faịlụ:BundPhoto.JPG|thumb|Ihe mgbochi idei mmiri maka ndalata idei mmiri na-akụ na ''molapo'' nke Okavango, Botswana]]
Mgbe oge idei mmiri gasịrị, mmiri dị n'akụkụ ala nke delta ahụ, nso ntọala ya, na-ebelata, na-ahapụ mmiri n'ime ala. A na-eji mmiri a fọdụrụnụ akụ ihe ubi na ihe ọkụkụ ndị ọzọ nwere ike itolite na ya. A na-akpọ ala a ''molapo''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=kmcgee|date=2023-06-11|title=June 12: The Okavango Delta - Overland Travel With KMcGee|url=https://overlandwithkmcgee.com/june-12-the-okavango-delta/|accessdate=2026-06-23|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'agbata afọ 1974 na 1978, idei mmiri ahụ karịrị nke nkịtị, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịkọ ihe ubi n'oge ịda ogbenye idei mmiri, ya mere e nwere nnukwu ụkọ nri na nri. N'ihi nzaghachi ya, e bidoro ọrụ mmepe Molapo. O ji ihe ndị e ji ekpuchi ebe ndị dị na molapo chebe ha iji chịkwaa idei mmiri ahụ ma gbochie oke idei mmiri. E tinyere ọnụ ụzọ ámá mmiri n'ime igbe ndị ahụ ka e wee nwee ike ịhapụ mmiri echekwara ma malite ịkụ ihe ubi n'oge idei mmiri.

== Ihe iyi egwu ndị nwere ike ime ==
Otu ihe nwere ike iyi egwu bụ nchọpụta mmanụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Canada bụ ReconAfrica. Nnyocha mbụ e mere n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2021 gosiri na mmanụ dị n'ime nkume sedimentary.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ltd|first=Reconnaissance Energy Africa|title=ReconAfrica's First of Three Wells Confirms a Working Petroleum System in the Kavango Basin, Namibia|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html|accessdate=2021-04-27|work=Newswire.ca|language=en|archivedate=20 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055430/https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị ọkachamara gburugburu ebe obibi na-enwe nchegbu na ọrụ a ga-enwe mmetụta ọjọọ na gburugburu ebe obibi nakwa na ụfọdụ n'ime isi mmiri nwere ike ịdaba n'ihe ize ndụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Big Oil Project in Africa Threatens Fragile Okavango Region|url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region|accessdate=2021-04-27|work=Yale E360|language=en-US|archivedate=20 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055427/https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-22|title=Growing concern over Okavango oil exploration as community alleges shutout|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/|accessdate=2021-06-02|work=Mongabay Environmental News|language=en-US|archivedate=20 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055426/https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-12|title=Test drilling for oil in Namibia's Okavango region poses toxic risk|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk|accessdate=2021-04-27|work=Animals|language=en|archivedate=27 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143948/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
ReconAfrica ekwuola, &quot;Ọ dịghị mmebi ọ bụla ga-eme na gburugburu ebe obibi site na ihe omume ndị a haziri.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions: ReconAfrica Initial Drilling Project|url=https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/|work=reconafrica.com|accessdate=30 April 2021|archivedate=29 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429185250/https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wilson-Spath|first=Andreas|date=2020-12-15|title=OP-ED: Paradise is closing down: The ghastly spectre of oil drilling and fracking in fragile Okavango Delta|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/|accessdate=2021-06-02|work=Daily Maverick|language=en|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220224/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gọọmentị Namibia ewepụtala atụmatụ iwulite ọdụ ike mmiri na mpaghara Zambezi, nke ga-achịkwa usoro mmiri Okavango ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-akwado ya na-arụ ụka na mmetụta ya agaghị adị obere, ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-arụ ụka na ọrụ a nwere ike ibibi ọtụtụ anụmanụ na osisi bara ọgaranya na delta. Ihe iyi egwu ndị ọzọ gụnyere mwakpo mmadụ na mpaghara na mwepụta mmiri mpaghara na Angola na Namibia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.okavangodelta.com/about/threats/|title=Threats - Okavango Delta|work=Okavangodelta.com|accessdate=4 April 2018|archivedate=22 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222105527/https://www.okavangodelta.com/general-information/threats/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/|title=Chinese-Angolan project in Angola harvests over 1,200 tons of rice|work=Macauhub English|date=11 March 2016|accessdate=2 November 2016|archivedate=4 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002158/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-echekwa ihe ndị dị na mba Saụt Afrịka bụ Rick Lomba dọrọ aka ná ntị n'afọ 1980 gbasara iyi egwu nke mwakpo ehi na mpaghara ahụ. Ihe nkiri ya bụ ''The End of Eden'' gosiri etu o si na-akwado  delta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=OKAVANGO DELTA|url=https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park|accessdate=2026-06-23|work=Baruch Safaris|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-atụ anya na mmiri ozuzo nke Okavango ga-ebelata kwa afọ yana mmụba okpomọkụ n'ihi okpomọkụ ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=ASSAR|year=2019|title=What global warming of 1.5°C and higher means for Botswana|publisher=Adaptation at Scale in Semi Arid Regions (ASSAR)|url=http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf|accessdate=6 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmetụta nke okpomọọkụ ụwa nwere ike ibute mbelata na oke idei mmiri na Okavango Delta, nke ga-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu n'inweta mmiri yana ịzụ anụ ụlọ na ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Murray-Hudson|first=M.|date=2006|title=Scenarios of the impact of local and upstream changes in climate and water use on hydro-ecology in the Okavango Delta, Botswana|journal=Journal of Hydrology|volume=331|issue=1|pages=73–84|doi=10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.041}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ nchekwa nke ￼￼Conservation International Botswana￼￼ na mpaghara Okavango Delta gụnyere agụmakwụkwọ na itinye aka na amụma yana nyocha na nlekota dịka nyocha anụ ọhịa dị n'elu ikuku na ọrụ nyocha ngwa ngwa nke ihe ndị dị ndụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;CIBotswanaAbout&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Conservation International Botswana|work=Conservation International Botswana|url=https://botswana.conservation.org/about-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==
 
* Ndagwurugwu Kalahari

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}} 

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* {{Cite book|first=P.|author=Allison|year=2007|title=Whatever You Do, Don't Run: True Tales Of A Botswana Safari Guide|publisher=Globe Pequot|isbn=9780762745654|url=https://archive.org/details/whateveryoudodon00alli}}
* {{Cite journal|first=J.|author=Bock|year=2002|title=Learning, Life History, and Productivity: Children's lives in the Okavango Delta of Botswana|journal=Human Nature|volume=13|issue=2|pages=161–198|doi=10.1007/s12110-002-1007-4|pmid=26192757|url=&lt;!-- http://anthro.fullerton.edu/jbock/Bock%20HN%202002.pdf Unsure copyright status--&gt;}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Conservation International E debere ya na  Wayback Machine
* [https://www.okavango.com/concessions.php Ebe ndị Okavango Delta nwere ikike]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160205022203/http://www.ngamitimes.com/ The Ngami Times bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu nke Ngamiland]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061006083431/http://www.botswana-tourism.gov.bw/attractions/moremi.html Ebe gọọmentị Botswana na Moremi Game Reserve, n'ime Okavango Delta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170929000710/http://www.wildentrust.org/ Wild Entrust International]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151221103510/http://sevennaturalwonders.org/africa/ Ihe ịtụnanya asaa nke Africa]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120319185832/http://dsc.discovery.com/tv/natures-most-amazing-events/how-stuff-works/kalahari-elephants.html Discovery Channel - Iju Mmiri nke Kalahari]
* [http://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Iju Mmiri na-emebi ihe na molapos nke Okavango Delta]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150401231635/http://www.orc.ub.bw/ Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Okavango]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120807161048/http://168.167.30.198/ori/ Mmiri Okavango dị ugbu a, data ihu igwe na foto satellite] Archived 7 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_J-ODVl9Omg/ 1986 Ihe omuma The End of Eden nke Rick Lomba]
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'''Ọdọ Mmiri Mono''' (/ˈmoʊnoʊ/ MOH-noh) bụ Ọdọ Mmiri soda na Mono County, California, nke e guzobere ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 760,000 gara aga dị ka ọdọ mmiri dị n'ime ọdọ mmiri endorheic. Enweghị ụzọ isi pụta na-eme oke nnu dị elu gbakọta n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ nke na-eme gore mmiri ya bụrụ alkaline.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=14 January 2021|title=Water Chemistry|url=https://www.monolake.org/learn/aboutmonolake/naturalhistory/chemistry/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328160557/https://www.monolake.org/Learn/aboutmonolake/naturalhistory/chemistry/|archivedate=Mar 28, 2024|accessdate=2023-05-29|publisher=Mono Lake Committee}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọzara ahụ nwere usoro okike na-amịpụta ihe n'ụzọ pụrụ iche dabere na saline shrimp, nke na-eto eto na mmiri ya, ma na-enye ebe obibi dị oke egwu maka nde nnụnụ abụọ na-agagharị kwa afọ na-eri shrimp na alkali flies (''Ephydra hyans'').&lt;ref name=&quot;mlcbirds&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Birds of the Basin: the Migratory Millions of Mono|publisher=Mono Lake Committee|accessdate=2010-12-02|url=http://www.monolake.org/about/ecobirds|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831011233/http://www.monolake.org/about/ecobirds|archivedate=2013-08-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;carle&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Introduction to Water in California|author=Carle|first=David|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|year=2004|isbn=0-520-24086-3|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780520240865}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị obodo Kutzadika'a riri alkali flies' pupae, nke bi na mmiri na-adịghị omimi gburugburu ọnụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mono Lake|url=https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/water-h2o--life/regeneration/mono-lake|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922024555/https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/water-h2o--life/regeneration/mono-lake|archivedate=Sep 22, 2023|accessdate=2023-05-29|publisher=American Museum of Natural History}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe obodo [[Los Angeles]] wepụrụ mmiri site na iyi mmiri dị ọcha na-asọba n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ọdọ mmiri ahụ dara, na-etinye nnụnụ ndị na-agagharị agagharị n'ihe ize ndụ. Kọmitii Mono Lake guzobere na nzaghachi wee merie n'ọgụ iwu nke manyere Los Angeles imeju ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hart|first=John|title=Storm Over Mono: The Mono Lake Battle and the California Water Future|publisher=University of California Press|year=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala ==
Ọdọ Mmiri Mono dị n'ime Mono Basin, ọdọ mmiri endorheic na-enweghị ụzọ ọpụpụ na oké osimiri. N'ụzọ dị otú a, nnu ndị a gbazere agbaze na mmiri ahụ na-anọgide na ọdọ mmiri ahụ, na-ebuli pH na nnu nke mmiri ahụ. Ndị na-akwado Mono Lake gụnyere Lee Vining Creek, Rush Creek, na Mill Creek, nke na-agafe Lundy Canyon.

Ike nke ala mepụtara ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'ime nde afọ ise gara aga: ndagwurugwu na-agbatị na mgbawa ugwu na-ejikọta ya na mgbawa na ala Sierra Nevada. : 45 : 45 
[[Faịlụ:Mono_Lake_sat_zoomed.jpg|thumb|Foto nke Mono Lake site na mbara igwe, 1985]]
Site n'ihe dị ka nde afọ 4.5 ruo 2.6 gara aga, nnukwu oke [[:en:Basalt|basalt]] si n'ugwu mgbawa pụta gburugburu ebe a na-akpọ Cowtrack Mountain (n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda nke Mono Basin). Lava ndị a mechara kpuchie mpaghara dị ihe dịka square mile 300 (780 km²), ma n'ebe ụfọdụ, ọkpụrụkpụ ha ruru ihe dịka ụkwụ 600 (mita 180).

Mgbe e mesịrị, n'etiti ihe dị ka nde afọ 3.8 na afọ 250,000 gara aga, e nwere mgbawa ugwu ọzọ n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Mono Basin. Ọrụ mgbawa a mere ka e nwee Aurora Crater, Beauty Peak, Cedar Hill (nke mechara bụrụ agwaetiti mgbe mmiri Mono Lake ruru ogo ya kachasị elu), na Mount Hicks. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Ọdọ Mmiri Russell bụ onye bu Mono Lake ụzọ, n'oge Pleistocene. Ụsọ mmiri ya ruru elu nke oge a nke 7,480 feet (2,280 , ihe dị ka 1,100 feet (330  karịa ọdọ mmiri nke oge a. Ka ọ na-erule nde afọ 1.6 gara aga, Ọdọ Mmiri Russell na-abanye n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ, n'ime mmiri Walker River. Mgbe mgbawa ugwu Long Valley Caldera 760,000 afọ gara aga, Ọdọ Mmiri Russell na-abanye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Adobe n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, wee banye n'Owens River, ma mesịa banye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Manly na Death Valley.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|year=2002|title=Drainage reversals in Mono Basin during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene|doi=10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114&lt;0991:DRIMBD&gt;2.0.CO;2|first=MC|author=Reheis|journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin|volume=114|issue=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ahụ akara ndị a ma ama n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri Russell, nke ndị ọkà mmụta ala na-akpọ strandlines, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mono.&lt;ref name=&quot;volcanoes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/long_valley/long_valley_sub_page_16.html|title=Mono Lake|work=Long Valley Caldera Field Guide|publisher=USGS|accessdate=2015-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229114402/http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/long_valley/long_valley_sub_page_16.html|archivedate=2014-12-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Mpaghara dị gburugburu Ọdọ Mmiri Mono na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a. Ọrụ mgbawa ugwu nwere njikọ na Mono-Inyo Craters: mgbawa kachasị ọhụrụ mere afọ 350 gara aga, nke mere ka e nwee Agwaetiti Paoha . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mono–Inyo Craters|url=https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/mono-inyo-craters|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131114723/https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/mono-inyo-craters/|archivedate=Jan 31, 2024|accessdate=2023-05-31|publisher=USGS}}&lt;/ref&gt; Panum Crater (n'akụkụ ndịda nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ) bụ ihe atụ nke jikọtara rhyolite dome na cinder cone.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Long Valley Caldera Field Guide - Panum Crater|url=https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/long-valley-caldera/long-valley-caldera-field-guide-panum-crater|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211123430/https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/long-valley-caldera/science/long-valley-caldera-field-guide-panum-crater|archivedate=Dec 11, 2023|accessdate=2023-05-29|publisher=USGS}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Multiple image/styles.css&quot; wrapper=&quot;.tmulti&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

== Ụlọ elu Tufa ==
Ọtụtụ ogidi limestone na-ebili n'elu elu nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mono. Ụlọ elu limestone ndị a nwere ihe ndị dị ka calcium carbonate dị ka calcite (). A na-akpọ ụdị nkume limestone a [[Tufa]], okwu maka limestone nke na-etolite na okpomọkụ dị ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0012-8252(96)00030-X|author=Ford|first=T.D.|year=1996|title=A review of tufa and travertine deposits of the world|journal=Earth-Science Reviews|volume=41|pages=117–175|issue=3–4}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Ụlọ elu Tufa ===
Ọdọ Mmiri Mono bụ ọdọ mmiri nwere alkalinity dị elu nke ukwuu, nke a na-akpọkwa soda lake. Alkalinity bụ ikike mmiri ma ọ bụ ngwọta nwere ịnagide ma ọ bụ belata mmetụta nke asid. Ihe ndị dị ka carbonate (CO₃²⁻) na bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) bụ ụdị base, ya mere Ọdọ Mmiri Mono nwere nnukwu oke carbon na-adịghị ndụ gbazere n'ime ihe bekee kporo inorganic carbon.

Mgbe calcium ion (Ca²⁺) batara n'ime mmiri ahụ, ọ na-ejikọta na carbonate wee mepụta mineral carbonate dịka calcite (CaCO₃), nke na-adaba ma na-anakọta n'ala ọdọ mmiri.

Mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na-abanye n'ime Ọdọ Mmiri Mono site na obere isi iyi dị n'okpuru ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Mmiri ndị a nwere nnukwu oke calcium ion (Ca²⁺) gbazere n'ime ha. N'ihi nke a, nnukwu ọnụọgụ calcite na-etolite ma na-anakọta gburugburu ọnụ ebe isi iyi ndị ahụ si apụta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Dunn|first=James|date=1953|title=The origin of the deposits of tufa in Mono Lake|journal=Journal of Sedimentary Petrology|volume=23|pages=18–23|doi=10.1306/d4269530-2b26-11d7-8648000102c1865d}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tufa malitere na ala ọdọ mmiri ahụ. O were ọtụtụ iri afọ, ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọtụtụ narị afọ, iji mepụta ụlọ elu tufa a ma ama. Mgbe ọdọ mmiri dara, ụlọ elu tufa ahụ bilitere n'elu mmiri ma guzo dị ka ogidi ndị a na-ahụ taa (lee Mono lake # Lake-level history maka ozi ndị ọzọ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.monolake.org/learn/aboutmonolake/naturalhistory/tufa/|title=Tufa|date=22 September 2020|publisher=Mono Lake Committee|accessdate=2023-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọdịdị Tufa ===
[[Faịlụ:Thinolite_sketches.png|thumb|Ndị a bụ ihe osise mbụ nke thinolite nke Edward S. Dana mere site n'akwụkwọ ya site na 1884: Crystallographic Study of the Thinolite of Lake Lahontan . &lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dana|first=ES|year=1884|title=A crystallographic study of the thinolite of Lake Lahontan|publisher=Government Printing Office}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Nkọwa nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mono tufa malitere na 1880s, mgbe Edward S. Dana na Israel C. Russell mere nkọwa mbụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mono tuf. &lt;ref name=&quot;Russell1889&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Russell|first=IC|year=1889|chapter=Quaternary history of Mono Valley, California|title=U. S. Geol. Survey 8th Ann. Rept. for 1886-1887|pages=261–394}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dana|first=ES|year=1884|title=A crystallographic study of the thinolite of Lake Lahontan|publisher=Government Printing Office}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDana1884&quot;&gt;Dana, ES (1884). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Tufa na-apụta dị ka ụlọ elu tufa &quot;nke oge a&quot;. E nwere akụkụ tufa site n'ikperé mmiri ochie, mgbe ọdọ mmiri dị elu. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta depụtara ọrụ ndị a na-ebute ụzọ na ọdịdị tufa ma James R. Dunn kwadoro ya na 1953. Enwere ike ịkewa ụdị tufa n'ụdị atọ dabere na ọdịdị:&lt;ref name=&quot;:72&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Russell1883&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Russell|first=IC|year=1883|chapter=Sketch of the geological history of Lake Lahontan|title=U. S. Geol. Survey 3rd Ann. Rept. for 1881-1882|pages=189–235}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Lithoid tufa - buru ibu ma nwee oghere na ọdịdị dị ka nkume
* Dendritic tufa - ihe owuwu alaka nke yiri obere osisi
* Thinolitic tufa - nnukwu kristal, nke a kpụrụ nke ọma nke ọtụtụ sentimita

Ka oge na-aga, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ewepụtala ọtụtụ echiche iji kọwaa otú nnukwu kristal thinolite (a na-akpọkwa glendonite) si malite n'ime thinolitic tufa.

Ndị ọkà mmụta amatala na thinolite bụ pseudomorph nke calcite ya bụ, calcite dochiri kristal mbụ, mana ọ ka jigidere ọdịdị mbụ ya. Otú ọ dị, ruo ogologo oge, a maghị ụdị kristal mbụ ahụ. A chọpụtara ya naanị n'afọ 1963, mgbe a chọpụtara mineral a na-akpọ ikaite (CaCO₃·6H₂O).

Ikaite bụ mineral na-adịghị akwụsi ike (metastable) ma na-etolite naanị n'okpomọkụ dị nso na ebe mmiri na-ajụ oyi (ihe dị ka ogo 0°C). Ndị ọkà mmụta kwenyere na ụfọdụ ihe ndị na-egbochi calcite ịmepụta ngwa ngwa, dịka phosphate, magnesium, na organic carbon, na-enyere aka ime ka ikaite dịgide nwa oge.

Mgbe okpomọkụ biliri, ikaite na-agbaji ma na-agbanwe ghọọ ọtụtụ obere kristal calcite.

N'ógbè Ikka Fjord dị na Greenland, ndị ọkà mmụta hụkwara na ikaite na-etolite n'ụdị ogidi ndị yiri tufa towers nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mono. Nchọpụta a mere ka ha kweta na thinolitic tufa bụ ihe àmà na-egosi ụdị ihu igwe gara aga na Ọdọ Mmiri Mono, n'ihi na ọ na-egosi na ebe ahụ nwere oge oyi siri ike nke ukwuu mgbe kristal ndị ahụ na-etolite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Whiticar|first=MJ|title=The Cold Carbonate Connection Between Mono Lake, California and the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica|journal=Aquatic Geochemistry|volume=4|pages=429–454|year=1998|issue=3/4|doi=10.1023/A:1009696617671}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọdịdị nke Tufa ===
N'afọ 1883, Russell nyochara ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke ụdị tufa dị iche iche dị na Lake Lahontan, bụ nnukwu usoro ọdọ mmiri nke dị n'oge Pleistocene, nke gbasara akụkụ nke California, Nevada, na Oregon.

Dị ka a tụrụ anya ya, a chọpụtara na tufa ndị ahụ bụ nke calcium oxide (CaO) na carbon dioxide (CO₂) ka ukwuu mejupụtara. Ma e nwekwara obere ọnụọgụ nke ihe ndị ọzọ, dịka: Magnesium oxide (MgO) – ihe dị ka 2% nke ịdị arọ, Iron na aluminium oxides (Fe/Al oxides) – n'etiti 0.25% na 1.29% nke ịdị arọ, Silicon dioxide (SiO₂) – ihe dị ka 0.3% nke ịdị arọ. Nke a na-egosi na ọ bụ ezie na CaO na CO₂ bụ ihe kachasị mejupụta tufa, e nwekwara obere mineral ndị ọzọ na-enye ya ụfọdụ njirimara pụrụ iche. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Ọnọdụ ihu igwe ==
{{Weather box|collapsed=Y|width=auto|Jan record high F=66|Feb record high F=68|Mar record high F=72|Apr record high F=80|May record high F=87|Jun record high F=96|Jul record high F=97|Aug record high F=95|Sep record high F=91|Oct record high F=85|Nov record high F=74|Dec record high F=65|Jan high F=40.4|Feb high F=44.5|Mar high F=50.5|Apr high F=58.4|May high F=67.6|Jun high F=76.6|Jul high F=83.8|Aug high F=82.7|Sep high F=75.9|Oct high F=65.5|Nov high F=51.7|Dec high F=42.2|Jan low F=19.7|Feb low F=21.5|Mar low F=24.8|Apr low F=29.5|May low F=36.4|Jun low F=43.2|Jul low F=49.6|Aug low F=49.0|Sep low F=42.8|Oct low F=34.6|Nov low F=27.3|Dec low F=21.8|Jan record low F=-14|Feb record low F=-9|Mar record low F=1|Apr record low F=12|May record low F=16|Jun record low F=25|Jul record low F=27|Aug record low F=32|Sep record low F=18|Oct record low F=8|Nov record low F=2|Dec record low F=-8|Jan precipitation inch=2.17|Feb precipitation inch=2.21|Mar precipitation inch=1.38|Apr precipitation inch=0.66|May precipitation inch=0.57|Jun precipitation inch=0.36|Jul precipitation inch=0.55|Aug precipitation inch=0.45|Sep precipitation inch=0.63|Oct precipitation inch=0.64|Nov precipitation inch=1.96|Dec precipitation inch=2.32|Jan snow inch=15.5|Feb snow inch=15.3|Mar snow inch=11.4|Apr snow inch=3.1|May snow inch=0.4|Jun snow inch=0|Jul snow inch=0|Aug snow inch=0|Sep snow inch=0|Oct snow inch=0.7|Nov snow inch=7.6|Dec snow inch=12.0|single line=Y|location=Mono Lake, CA|precipitation colour=green|source 1=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca5779}}

== Limnology ==
[[Faịlụ:Mono_Lake_Tufa.JPG|thumb|Ebe &quot;South Tufa&quot; nke Mono Lake.]]
limnology nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-egosi na o nwere ihe dịka tọn 280 nke nnu a gbazere agbaze, na nnu na-agbanwe agbanwe na mmiri dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'oge ọ bụla. Tupu 1941, nkezi salinity bụ ihe dịka gram 50 kwa liter (g / L) (ma e jiri ya tụnyere uru nke 31.5 g / L maka oké osimiri ụwa). Na Jenụwarị 1982, mgbe ọdọ mmiri ahụ ruru ọkwa ya kachasị ala nke 1,942 mita (6,372 , nnu fọrọ nke nta ka ọ mụbaa okpukpu abụọ ruo 99 g / L. N'afọ 2002, a tụrụ ya na 78 g / L ma na-atụ anya na ọ ga-akwụsi ike na nkezi nke 69 g / L ka ọdọ mmiri ahụ jupụtara n'ime afọ 20 sochirinụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;mlcfaq&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mono Lake FAQ|publisher=Mono Lake Committee|accessdate=2010-12-02|url=http://www.monolake.org/about/faq|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615160759/http://monolake.org/about/faq|archivedate=2010-06-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Ihe a na-atụghị anya ya nke ịkwụsị ntụgharị mmiri bụ mmalite nke oge &quot;meromixis&quot; na Mono Lake.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jellison1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jellison|first=R.|year=1998|url=http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_43/issue_4/0706.pdf|title=The onset of meromixis in Mono Lake: unintended consequences of reducing water diversions|journal=Limnology and Oceanography|pages=704–11|accessdate=2008-11-13|issue=4|volume=3}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge tupu nke a, Ọdọ Mmiri Mono na-abụkarị &quot;monomictic&quot;, nke pụtara na ọ dịkarịa ala otu ugboro n'afọ ọ bụla, mmiri miri emi na mmiri na-adịghị omimi nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-agwakọta nke ọma, si otú a na-eweta oxygen na ihe ndị ọzọ na-edozi ahụ na mmiri miri emi. N'ime ọdọ mmiri meromictic, mmiri ndị miri emi anaghị enwe ngwakọta a; okpokoro ndị miri emi nwere nnu karịa mmiri dị nso n'elu, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara inwe ikuku oxygen. N'ihi ya, ịghọ meromictic na-agbanwe ọdịdị gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọdọ mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Melack|first=JM|year=2017|chapter=Mono Lake: Plankton Dynamics over Three Decades of Meromixis or Monomixis|editor=Gulati|title=Ecology of Meromictic Lakes|series=Ecological Studies|pages=325–351|publisher=Springer|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-49143-1_11|isbn=978-3-319-49141-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ Mmiri Mono enweela oge meromictic n'oge gara aga; ihe omume kachasị ọhụrụ nke meromixis, nke sitere na njedebe nke ntụgharị mmiri, malitere na 1994 wee gwụ na 2004. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jellison2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jellison|first=R.|date=June 2003|url=http://www.monolake.uga.edu/public/files/Mono_Lake_Mixing.pdf|title=Weakening and near-breakdown of meromixis in Mono Lake|accessdate=2008-11-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030045630/http://www.monolake.uga.edu/public/files/Mono_Lake_Mixing.pdf|archivedate=2008-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọdọ mmiri ===
Otu ihe dị mkpa nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mono bụ na ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri mechiri emechi, nke pụtara na ọ nweghị mmiri na-apụta. Mmiri nwere ike ịpụ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ naanị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-apụ n'anya ma ọ bụ na Mmiri dị n'okpuru ala furu efu. Nke a nwere ike ime ka ọdọ mmiri ndị mechiri emechi bụrụ ndị nwere nnu. Nrụzigharị nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Mono Lake site na iji carbon na Oxygen isotopes ekpughere njikọ ya na mgbanwe ihu igwe edere nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Benson|first=LV|year=1990|title=Chronology of expansion and contraction of four Great Basin lake systems during the past 35,000 years|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|volume=78|issue=3–4|pages=241–286|doi=10.1016/0031-0182(90)90217-U}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ụwa nwere oge mmụba nke glaciation a maara dị ka oge ice. A maara oge ice a dị ka Pleistocene, nke dịgidere ruo ~ 11 ka. Mmiri dị na Mono Lake nwere ike igosi etu ihu igwe si gbanwee. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge Pleistocene, mgbe ihu igwe jụrụ oyi, ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị elu n'ihi na e nwere obere [[mmiri ozuzo]] na [[mmiri ozuzo]]. Mgbe Pleistocene gasịrị, ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ala n'ozuzu ya n'ihi mmụba nke evaporation na mbelata mmiri ozuzo metụtara ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;/&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ agbanweela n'oge Holocene, kemgbe njedebe nke oge ice. Ebe kachasị elu nke Holocene dị na elu 6,499 feet (1,980.8 , ruru ihe dịka 1820 BCE.&lt;ref name=&quot;holocene-levels&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Scott|author=Stine|title=Late holocene fluctuations of Mono Lake, eastern California|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|volume=78|issue=3–4|year=1990|pages=333–381|doi=10.1016/0031-0182(90)90221-R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe dị ala tupu ntụgharị nke oge a dị na elu 6,368 feet (1,940.9 , ruru na 143 OA.&lt;ref name=&quot;holocene-levels&quot; /&gt; Ọnọdụ kachasị ala nke oge a n'ihi ntụgharị bụ na 6,372.0 feet (1,942.2 , ruru na 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;level&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Monthly Lake Levels|work=Mono Basin Research Clearinghouse|url=http://www.monobasinresearch.org/data/levelmonthly.php|accessdate=3 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204005132/http://www.monobasinresearch.org/data/levelmonthly.php|archivedate=4 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

== Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi ==

=== Ndụ n'ime mmiri ===
 
Hypersalinity na alkalinity dị elu (pH=10, ma ọ bụ ya na 4 milligrams nke NaOH kwa liter nke mmiri) nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ pụtara na ọ dịghị azụ dị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;carleton&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Living in an Alkaline Environment|publisher=Microbial Life Education Resources|url=http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/k12/alkaline/preparation.html|accessdate=2008-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121170852/http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/k12/alkaline/preparation.html|archivedate=2008-11-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbalị nke Ngalaba Azụmaahịa na Egwuregwu nke California iji chekwaa ọdọ mmiri ahụ dara.&lt;ref name=&quot;monolake&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.monolake.org/about/faq|title=Frequently Asked Questions About Mono Lake|work=www.monolake.org|accessdate=2017-01-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418210400/http://www.monolake.org/about/faq|archivedate=2017-04-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Usoro nri niile nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke algae planktonic nwere otu mkpụrụ ndụ dị na mpaghara photic nke ọdọ mmiri. Algae ndị a na-amụba ngwa ngwa n'oge oyi na mmalite oge opupu ihe ubi mgbe mmiri na-asọba n'oge ọkọchị na-eweta ihe oriri n'elu mmiri. Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Machị, ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ &quot;akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị ka ofe pea&quot; na algae photosynthesizing.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ecoscenario&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mono Lake|work=Ecoscenario|url=http://www.fossweb.com/CA/modules3-6/Environments/activities/mono/content_old.html|accessdate=2007-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928115927/http://www.fossweb.com/CA/modules3-6/Environments/activities/mono/content_old.html|archivedate=2007-09-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri a ma ama maka Mono Lake saline shrimp, ''Artemia monica'', obere ụdị saline shraimp, nke na-adịghị ukwuu karịa obere, nke dị na ọdọ mmiri ahụ. N'oge ọnwa okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ bụ puku iri na isii na-ebi n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Brine shrimp enweghị uru na-edozi ahụ maka ụmụ mmadụ mana ha bụ ihe oriri maka nnụnụ na mpaghara ahụ. Mkpụrụ osisi saline shrimp na-eri obere algae.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 August 2020|title=Brine Shrimp|url=https://www.monolake.org/learn/aboutmonolake/naturalhistory/brineshrimp/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117075733/https://www.monolake.org/learn/aboutmonolake/naturalhistory/brineshrimp/|archivedate=Jan 17, 2024|accessdate=2023-05-30|publisher=Mono Lake Committee}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

Alkali flies, ''Ephydra hyans,'', na-ebi n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ ma na-egwu mmiri n'okpuru mmiri, na-ekpuchi n'ime obere ikuku ikuku, iji rie ma tụọ àkwá. Nnụnụ ndị a bụ ihe oriri dị mkpa maka nnụnụ na-agagharị agagharị na nke na-eme akwụ́.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 August 2020|title=Alkali Files|url=https://www.monolake.org/learn/aboutmonolake/naturalhistory/alkaliflies/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117075804/https://www.monolake.org/learn/aboutmonolake/naturalhistory/alkaliflies/|archivedate=Jan 17, 2024|accessdate=2023-05-30|publisher=Mono Lake Committee}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A chọtara ụdị nematode asatọ na-ebi n'ime ala dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri: &lt;ref name=&quot;Shih2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Shih|first=Pei-Yin|date=2019-09-26|title=Newly Identified Nematodes from Mono Lake Exhibit Extreme Arsenic Resistance|journal=Current Biology|language=en|volume=29|issue=19|pages=3339–3344.e4|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.024|pmid=31564490|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/98870/2/1-s2.0-S0960982219310401-mmc1.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwAa0&quot;&gt;Auanema&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; spec. , nke dị ịrịba ama maka oke arsenic resistance ya (na-adịgide na 500 ugboro karịa ụmụ mmadụ), nwere ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị atọ, na ịbụ viviparous.&amp;nbsp;
* [[Pellioditis|Pellioditis spec.]]
* ''[[Mononchoides americanus]]''
* ''[[Diplogaster rivalis]]''
* ụdị nke ezinụlọ Mermithidae
* ''[[Prismatolaimus dolichurus]]''
* Ụdị 2 nke usoro Monhysterida

=== Nnụnụ ===
[[Faịlụ:Mono_Lake_South_Tufa_Area_(2013)_33.JPG|thumb|Nwaanyị Audubon's warbler on tufa in the &quot;South Tufa&quot; area.]]
Ọdọ Mmiri Mono bụ ebe ezumike na iri nri dị mkpa maka nnụnụ ndị na-agagharị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ma [[Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network]] amatala ya dị ka ebe dị mkpa na mba ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;whsrn&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mono Lake|work=Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network|url=http://www.whsrn.org/site-profile/mono-lake|accessdate=2011-05-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727231259/http://www.whsrn.org/site-profile/mono-lake|archivedate=2011-07-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nnụnụ mmiri 2,000,000, gụnyere ụdị nnụnụ 35 dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na-eji Ọdọ Mmiri Mono ezu ike ma rie ma ọ dịkarịa ala akụkụ nke afọ. Ụfọdụ nnụnụ ndị na-adabere na akụ na ụba nke Mono Lake gụnyere American avocets, killdeer, na sandpipers. Otu nde grebes ntị phalaropes nwere ntị na-eji Ọdọ Mmiri Mono eme ihe n'oge ogologo njem ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 August 2020|title=Birds|url=https://www.monolake.org/learn/aboutmonolake/naturalhistory/birds/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405010612/https://www.monolake.org/learn/aboutmonolake/naturalhistory/birds/|archivedate=April 5, 2024|accessdate=2023-05-30|publisher=Mono Lake Committee}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ná ngwụsị oge okpomọkụ ọ bụla, ọtụtụ iri puku Phalaropes nke Wilson na phalarops na-acha ọbara ọbara na-esi n'ebe ha na-anọ, ma na-eri nri ruo mgbe ha gara n'ihu na-aga [[South Amerika|South America]] ma ọ bụ n'oké osimiri okpomọkụ, n'otu n'otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;mlcbirds&quot;/&gt;

Na mgbakwunye na nnụnụ na-agagharị agagharị, ụdị ole na ole na-anọ ọtụtụ ọnwa na-akpa akwụ́ na Mono Lake. Ọdọ Mmiri Mono nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu nke California gulls, ''Larus californicus'', nke abụọ naanị na Great Salt Lake na Utah. Kemgbe ha hapụrụ Negit Island na ngwụcha afọ 1970, California gulls akwagala n'àgwàetiti ndị dị nso ma guzobe ebe ọhụrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na echedoghị ya, ebe obibi. Mahadum Cornell na Point Blue Conservation Science anọgidewo na-amụ banyere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eme akwụ́ na Ọdọ Mmiri Mono nke malitere afọ 35 gara aga. Snowy plovers na-abịakwa n'Ọdọ Mmiri Mono n'oge opupu ihe ubi ọ bụla iji mee akwụ́ n'akụkụ ugwu na ọwụwa anyanwụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Shuford|first=David|year=2016|title=Factors influencing the abundance and distribution of the Snowy Plover at Mono Lake, California|journal=Western Birds|volume=47|pages=38–49}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Faịlụ:Mono-lake-tufa-1981-003.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ elu [[Tufa]] a na-ahụ anya na Mono Lake; South Tufa (1981).]]

=== Ụmụ amaala America ===
Ndị obodo Ọdọ Mmiri Mono sitere n'òtù Northern Paiute, nke a na-akpọ Kutzadika'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=LAWTON|first=HARRY W.|date=1976|title=Agriculture Among the Paiute of Owens Valley|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27824857|journal=The Journal of California Anthropology|volume=3|issue=1|pages=13–50|issn=0361-7181}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha na-asụ Asụsụ Northern Paiute.&lt;ref name=&quot;infodome&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://infodome.sdsu.edu/research/guides/calindians/calinddictdl.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926145711/http://infodome.sdsu.edu/research/guides/calindians/calinddictdl.shtml|archivedate=2010-09-26|title=California Indians and Their Reservations: K|work=SDSU Library and Information Access|accessdate=31 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị Kutzadika'a na-eri nri alkali fly pupae, nke a na-akpọ ''kutsavi'' n'asụsụ ha.

Okwu &quot;Mono&quot; sitere na &quot;Monachi&quot;, okwu Yokuts maka agbụrụ ndị bi n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Sierra Nevada.&lt;ref name=&quot;Farquhar1926&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Place Names of the High Sierra|first=Francis|author=Farquhar|year=1926|url=http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/place_names_of_the_high_sierra/m.html|publisher=Sierra Club|location=San Francisco|accessdate=2011-05-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge mkpakọrịta mbụ, onye isi mbụ a maara Ọdọ Mmiri Mono Paiute bụ [[Captain John (Paiute)|Captain John]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/anthpubs/ucb/text/ucar002-004.pdf|journal=Anthropological Records|volume=2|issue=3|title=The Northern Paiute Bands|first=OC|author=Stewart}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agbụrụ Mono nwere òtù abụọ: Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Ọdịda Anyanwụ. Ndị Eastern Mono sonyeere obodo nta ndị Western Mono kwa afọ na Hetch Hetchy Valley, Yosemite Valley, na n'akụkụ Osimiri Merced iji chịkọta acorns, ụdị osisi dị iche iche, na ịzụ ahịa. Ndị Western Mono na Eastern Mono na-ebi n'ebe ndịda etiti ogwu Sierra Nevada, gụnyere Historical Yosemite Valley.&lt;ref name=&quot;SDSU2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=California Indians and Their Reservations|work=SDSU Library and Information Access|accessdate=24 July 2009|url=http://infodome.sdsu.edu/research/guides/calindians/calinddictmp.shtml#monowest|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726214650/http://infodome.sdsu.edu/research/guides/calindians/calinddictmp.shtml#monowest|archivedate=2010-07-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taa,ala ndị e debere maka ndị Mono dị na  Big Pine, Bishop, nakwa n'ọtụtụ ebe dị na Madera County na Fresno County, California. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== Mgbalị ndị a na-eme iji chekwaa ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Stack/styles.css&quot; /&gt;Obodo [[Los Angeles]] wepụrụ mmiri site na Osimiri Owens gaa na Los Angeles Aqueduct na 1913. N'afọ 1941, Ngalaba Mmiri na Ike nke Los Angeles gbatịpụrụ usoro Aqueduct nke Los Angeles gaa n'ebe ugwu n'ime Mono Basin site na mmezu nke Mono Craters Tunnel &lt;ref name=&quot;monobasinresearch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fortieth Annual Report of the Board of Water and Power Commissioners of the City of Los Angeles|url=http://www.monobasinresearch.org/historical/40thannualreport.pdf|accessdate=17 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414161147/http://monobasinresearch.org/historical/40thannualreport.pdf|archivedate=14 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'etiti Grant Lake Reservoir na Rush Creek na Upper Owens River. Mmiri buru ibu nke na n'oge na-adịghị anya, mmiri si n'ime mmiri gafere, na elu nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mono dara ngwa ngwa. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1982, e belatara ọdọ mmiri ahụ ruo 37,688 acres (15,252 hectare), 69% nke ala ya na 1941. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1990, ọdọ mmiri ahụ adaala mita 45 ma tụfuo ọkara ya ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọkwa mmiri nke 1941 tupu ntụgharị.&lt;ref name=&quot;monolake2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=About Mono Lake|work=Mono Lake Committee|url=http://monolake.org/about/|accessdate=3 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308143123/http://www.monolake.org/about/|archivedate=8 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ya, ájá alkaline na ụlọ elu [[Tufa]] ndị dị n'ime mmiri n'oge gara aga kpughere, nnu mmiri ji okpukpu abụọ, na Negit Island ghọrọ peninsula, na-ekpughe akwụ́ nke California gulls maka ndị na-eri ibe ha (dị ka coyotes), ma na-amanye ndị gull colony ịhapụ ebe a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=21 October 2020|title=Protecting California Gulls|url=https://www.monolake.org/whatwedo/protection/californiagulls/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117075802/https://www.monolake.org/whatwedo/protection/californiagulls/|archivedate=Jan 17, 2024|accessdate=2023-05-30|publisher=Mono Lake Committee}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1974, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi David Gaines na nwa akwụkwọ ya David Winkler mụrụ usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mono ma bụrụ ihe enyemaka n'ịdọ ọha na eze aka ná ntị banyere mmetụta nke ọkwa mmiri dị ala na ndepụta gburugburu ebe obibi Winkler nke Mono Basin na 1976.&lt;ref name=&quot;mlchist&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.monolake.org/mlc/history|title=History of the Mono Lake Committee|publisher=Mono Lake Committee|accessdate=2010-12-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206052125/http://monolake.org/mlc/history|archivedate=2011-02-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; National Science Foundation kwadoro nyocha mbụ zuru oke nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mono, nke Gaines na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-agụsị akwụkwọ duziri. Na June 1977, Davis Institute of Ecology na Mahadum California bipụtara akụkọ, &quot;An Ecological Study of Mono Lake, California&quot;, nke dọrọ California aka ná ntị banyere ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke ịdọrọ mmiri si n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ maka iji obodo mee ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;mlchist&quot; /&gt;

Gaines guzobere Kọmitii Ọdọ Mmiri Mono na 1978. Ya na Sally Judy, nwa akwụkwọ UC Davis, duziri kọmitii ahụ wee gaa njem ozi na California. Ha sonyeere Audubon Society n'ọgụ ụlọ ikpe a ma ama ugbu a, National Audubon Society v. Superior Court, iji chebe Mono Lake site na iwu ntụkwasị obi ọha na eze.&lt;ref name=&quot;mlchist&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na mgbalị ndị a emeela ka mgbanwe dị mma, elu ala ka dị n'okpuru ọkwa akụkọ ihe mere eme, na ụsọ mmiri ndị a na-ahụ anya bụ isi iyi nke nnukwu ájá alkaline n'oge oge oké ifufe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dust Sources at Mono Lake|url=https://www.monobasinresearch.org/timelines/alkali.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604084819/https://www.monobasinresearch.org/timelines/alkali.php|archivedate=Jun 4, 2023|accessdate=2023-05-30|publisher=Mono Basin Research Clearinghouse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ Mmiri Owens, nke a na-emebu ụgbọ mmiri nke Osimiri Owens. Ọdọ Mmị ahụ nwere usoro okike dị mma, bụzi ọdọ mmiri kpọrọ nkụ n'oge afọ ndị kpọrọ nkụ site na ntụgharị mmiri malitere na 1920s.Ọdọ Mmiri Mono chebere ihe a mgbe California State Water Resources Control Board (mgbe ihe karịrị afọ iri nke ikpe) nyere iwu (SWRCB Decision 1631) iji chebe Mono Lake na iyi ya na Septemba 28, 1994. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sahagún|first=Louis|date=January 2, 2023|title=Conservationists fight to end Los Angeles water imports from Eastern Sierra's Mono Lake|url=https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2023-01-02/mono-lake-enviros-want-to-end-water-exports-to-los-angeles|accessdate=2023-01-02|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye isi oche SWRCB Board bụ Marc Del Piero bụ naanị onye na-ege ntị (lee D-1631). N'afọ 1941, elu ala ahụ dị na 6,417 feet (1,956  n'elu oke osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;level&quot;/&gt; Ka ọ na-erule Ọktoba 2022, Ọdọ Mmiri Mono dị na 6,378.7 feet (1,944  n'elu oke osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;level&quot; /&gt; Ọdịdị ọdọ mmiri nke 6,392 feet (1,948  n'elu oke osimiri bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ, nke e mere iji hụ na ọdọ mmiri ahụ ga-enwe ike iru ma nọgide na-enwe ọkwa dị ala nke a na-ekwenye n'ozuzu ka ọ bụrụ nke kacha nta maka idebe gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Reznik|first=Bruce|date=2023-06-27|title=Opinion: A wet winter began to replenish Mono Lake. L.A. should let it be a lake again|url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2023-06-27/mono-lake-los-angeles-water-dwp|accessdate=2023-06-28|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-esiri ike karị n'oge ọtụtụ afọ nke ụkọ mmiri ozuzo na American West.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 August 2020|title=State of the Lake|url=https://www.monolake.org/learn/stateofthelake/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405010606/https://www.monolake.org/learn/stateofthelake/|archivedate=April 5, 2024|accessdate=2023-05-30|publisher=Mono Lake Committee}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 

== N'omenala a ma ama ==
[[Faịlụ:Mono_Lake_South_Tufa_August_2013_014.jpg|thumb|&quot;South Tufa, Mono Lake&quot; (2013).]]

=== Ihe osise ===
N'afọ 1968, onye na-ese ihe Robert Smithson mere Ọdọ Mmiri Mono Non-Site (Cinders dị nso na Black Point) &lt;ref name=&quot;mcasd&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=Mono Lake Non-Site (Cinders near Black Point)|url=http://collection.mcasd.org/objects/3938/mono-lake-nonsite-cinders-near-black-point|title=Collection of the Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego, 1981.10.1-2|date=1968|accessdate=2017-08-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829202657/http://collection.mcasd.org/objects/3938/mono-lake-nonsite-cinders-near-black-point|archivedate=2017-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; site na iji pumice anakọtara mgbe ọ na-eleta Mono na July 27, 1968, ya na nwunye ya Nancy Holt na Michael Heizer (ha abụọ bụ ndị na-ese foto). N'afọ 2004, Nancy Holt mere ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi akpọrọ Ọdọ Mmiri Mono site na iji ihe nkiri Super 8 na foto nke njem a. A na-eji ihe ndekọ ọdịyo nke Smithson na Heizer, abụ abụọ nke Waylon Jennings, na Michel Legrand's Le Jeu, isi isiokwu nke ihe nkiri Jacques Demy Bay of Angels (1963), mee ihe maka ụdaolu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;eai&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.eai.org/titles/mono-lake|title=Nancy Holt and Robert Smithson, ''Mono Lake'', 19:54 min, color, sound, Electronic Arts Intermix|date=1968–2004|accessdate=2017-08-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829163208/https://www.eai.org/titles/mono-lake|archivedate=2017-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Diver, foto nke Aubrey Powell nke Hipgnosis wepụtara maka album Pink Floyd Wish You Were Here (1975), gosipụtara ihe yiri ka ọ bụ nwoke na-abanye n'ime ọdọ mmiri, na-emepụta ọ dịghị ebili mmiri. E sere foto ahụ na Mono Lake, ụlọ elu tufa bụkwa akụkụ dị mkpa nke ala ahụ. E mepụtara mmetụta ahụ n'ezie mgbe onye na-abanye n'ime mmiri na-eme ka aka guzo n'okpuru mmiri ruo mgbe ebili mmiri ahụ kwụsịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;mojo4music&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=MOJO magazine|url=http://www.mojo4music.com/blog/2011/08/storm_thorgerson_interview.html|title=Floyd Extra! How Wish You Were Here Went Up In Flames|date=September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013171248/http://www.mojo4music.com/blog/2011/08/storm_thorgerson_interview.html|archivedate=2011-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== N'akwụkwọ ===
Mark Twain's Roughing It, nke e bipụtara na 1872, na-enye nkọwa mbụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mono na ọnọdụ okike ya na 1860s. &lt;ref name=&quot;TwainCh38&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Twain|first=Mark|title=Roughing It|publisher=University of Virginia Library: Electronic Text Center|chapter=chapter 38|year=1996|chapterurl=http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=TwaRoug.sgm&amp;images=images/modeng&amp;data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&amp;tag=public&amp;part=38&amp;division=div1|accessdate=2008-11-12|isbn=0-19-515979-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TwainCh39&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Twain|first=Mark|title=Roughing It|publisher=University of Virginia Library: Electronic Text Center|chapter=chapter 39|year=1996|chapterurl=http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=TwaRoug.sgm&amp;images=images/modeng&amp;data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&amp;tag=public&amp;part=39&amp;division=div1|accessdate=2008-11-12|isbn=0-19-515979-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Twain chọpụtara na ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị &quot;n'ọzara na-enweghị ndụ, na-enweghị osisi, nke jọgburu onwe ya... ebe owu na-ama n'ụwa&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;TwainCh3839&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Twain|first=Mark|title=Roughing it Chapters 38 &amp; 39|url=https://www.monobasinresearch.org/historical/twain.php|publisher=Mono Basin Clearing House|accessdate=12 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913043903/https://www.monobasinresearch.org/historical/twain.php|archivedate=13 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Na fim ===
E sere ihe nkiri nke gosipụtara ugwu mgbawa na ihe nkiri Fair Wind to Java (1953) na Ọdọ Mmiri Mono . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thesheetnews.com/2015/03/19/mono-in-the-movies-fair-wind-to-java/|title=Mono in the movies: Fair Wind to java|first=Ken|author=Harrison|date=2015-03-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe ka ukwuu n'ihe nkiri High Plains Drifter (1973) nke Clint Eastwood gbara n'ụsọ oké osimiri ndịda nke Mono Lake n'afọ ndị 1970. E wuru obodo dum ebe a maka ihe nkiri ahụ, ma mesịa wepụ ya mgbe agbachara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hughes|first=Howard|title=Aim for the Heart|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|year=2009|isbn=978-1-84511-902-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== N'egwú ===
Vidio egwu maka egwu glam metal Cinderella's 1988 power ballad &quot;Don't Know What You Got ('Till It's Gone) &quot; ka ọdọ mmiri ahụ mere.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sweeney2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sweeney|first=Mike|date=2011-07-19|title=Don't Know What You Got ('Till It's Gone)|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/dont-know-what-you-got-ti_b_903790|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602215501/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/dont-know-what-you-got-ti_b_903790|archivedate=June 2, 2023|accessdate=2014-01-12|work=The Huffington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==
 

* Bodie, Obodo mmụọ dị nso
* Ndepụta ọdọ mmiri dị na California
* Ebe Nchekwa Ọdọ Mmiri Mono Tufa Steeti
* Ebe Egwuregwu Mba nke Mono Basin
* GFAJ-1, ihe dị ndụ sitere na Mono Lake nke nọ n'etiti esemokwu sayensị banyere arsenic na DNA.
* Ndepụta ọdọ mmiri ndị na-akpọnwụ
* Whoa Nellie Deli, nke dị na Lee Vining, California, na-ele Mono Lake anya
* Monolake, ọrụ egwu eletrọniki nke dị na Berlin nke aha ya bụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Jayko, A.S., na ndị ọzọ (2013). [https://purl.fdlp.gov/GPO/gpo45331 Usoro na Ogologo Ogologo Ogige nke Nnyocha Geophysical, Mono Lake, California, 2009 ruo 2011.] Reston, Va.: Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ime, U.S. Geological Survey.
* {{Cite journal|author=Miller|first=C.D.|year=1982|title=Potential hazards from future volcanic eruptions in the Long Valley-Mono Lake area, east-central California and southwest Nevada: a preliminary assessment|journal=U.S. Geological Survey Circular|issue=877}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Side box/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Sister project links/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

* [http://www.monocounty.org/mono-lake/ Ihe ọmụma ndị nleta nke Mono Lake]
* [http://www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=514 Ebe Nchekwa Okike nke Mono Lake Tufa State]
* [http://www.monolake.org/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Mono Lake Committee]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170404195505/http://gocalifornia.about.com/od/casierraseast/a/mono_lake.htm Onye Nlekọta Ndị Nleta Mono Lake]
* {{Cite web|title=World Lake Database entry for Mono Lake|url=http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/LakeDB2/Lake.asp?LakeID=SNAM-096&amp;RoutePrm=0%3A%3B4%3Aload%3B|accessdate=2010-12-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722121543/http://wldb.ilec.or.jp/LakeDB2/Lake.asp?LakeID=SNAM-096&amp;RoutePrm=0:%3B4:load%3B|archivedate=2011-07-22}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516210442/http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/archive/f0001.html Foto Landsat nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mono]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614224852/http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/ca/pdf/bakersfield/geology.Par.56332.File.dat/ovm07_guidebook.pdf Geology na Mining History nke Owens Valley na Mono Basin]
{{Sierra Nevada|state=collapsed}}{{Authority control}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324738237|O. Ö. Energiesparverband]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1261" sha1="7i0l9mcf9wx1xq3sxqi0n6289e0s7rt" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;'''OÖ Energiesparverband bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ike na Upper Austria. Gọọmenti mpaghara ahụ hibere ya n'afọ 1991 iji kwalite iji ike eme ihe nke ọma, iji isi mmalite ike a na-emelite eme ihe, na mmepe teknụzụ ike ọhụrụ. Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na Linz, Austria.'''

OÖ Energiesparverband na-akwado mmepe ahịa nke mmepụta ike na ojiji na mmemme na ọrụ ndị a:

* Ozi gbasara ike na ime ka ọha mmadụ mata ya.
* ike na mmata ọha na eze
* Ndụmọdụ ike na nyocha maka ezinụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze na azụmaahịa
* Ihe owuwu ndị na-adịgide adịgide
* Ọzụzụ
* Nchịkwa nke netwọk azụmahịa ọkụ na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ Oekoenergie-Cluster[[Oekoenergie-Cluster|Ìgwè Ike Oeko]]
* Usoro R&amp;D nke Ógbè
* Usoro Nkwekọrịta Nrụpụta Ike
* Atụmatụ ike mpaghara
* Ọrụ Europe, imekọ ihe ọnụ mba ụwa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=IEA-RETD|year=2012|title=Renewable Energy for Residential Heating and Cooling: Policy Handbook|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9781136537110}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.esv.or.at OÖ Energiesparverband]</text>
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    <title>Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; perrow=&quot;5&quot; caption=&quot;Cichlid tribes in Lake Tanganyika (E = tribe endemic or near-endemic)&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Bathybates_ferox.jpg|Bathybatini (E): ''Bathybates ferox'' is benthic and piscivorous, but the genus also includes pelagic species. The tribe is sometimes split in three, others being Hemibatini and Trematocarini&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Meyer|year=2015|title=Lake Tanganyika—A 'Melting Pot' of Ancient and Young Cichlid Lineages (Teleostei: Cichlidae)?|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=7|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0125043|pmid=25928886}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiss2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Weiss|year=2015|title=A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=83|pages=56–71|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009|pmid=25433288}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Faịlụ:Benthochromis_tricoti.jpg|Benthochromini (E): ''[[Benthochromis horii]]'' was scientifically described in 2008, but has often been misidentifed as ''B. tricoti''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Description of a new cichlid fish species of the genus Benthochromis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika|author=Takahashi|journal=Journal of Fish Biology|volume=72|issue=3|pages=603–613|year=2008|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01727.x|first=T.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Faịlụ:DKoehl_Boulengerochromis_microlepis.jpg|Boulengerochromini (E): ''Boulengerochromis microlepis'' is one of the world's largest cichlids&lt;ref name=&quot;PracFishKeepLarge&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids|title=The 10 biggest cichlids|publisher=Practical Fishkeeping|date=13 June 2016|accessdate=17 March 2017|archivedate=20 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052647/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids}}&lt;/ref&gt; and only member of its tribe&lt;ref name=&quot;Weiss2015&quot; /&gt;
Faịlụ:Cyphotilapia_frontosa2.jpg|Cyphotilapiini (E): ''Cyphotilapia frontosa'', one of only two similar species in the tribe&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Takahashi|first=T.|year=2003|title=New species of Cyphotilapia (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika, Africa|journal=Copeia|volume=2003|issue=4|pages=824–832|doi=10.1643/ia03-148.1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Faịlụ:Kleinschuppiger_Kaerpflingsbuntbarsch_Cyprichromis_microlepidotus_Tierpark_Hellabrunn-1.jpg|Cyprichromini (E): ''Cyprichromis microlepidotus'' and other members of this tribe are open-water planktivores
Faịlụ:Ophthalmotilapia_nasuta_Kipili.jpg|Ectodini (E): ''Ophthalmotilapia nasuta'' (male) is sexually dimorphic, males being more colorful with longer fins and nose&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ophthalmotilapia nasuta|work=Seriously Fish|url=https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/ophthalmotilapia-nasuta/|accessdate=2023-03-11|archivedate=11 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162708/https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/ophthalmotilapia-nasuta/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Faịlụ:Eretmodus-sp-kavala1.jpg|Eretmodini (E): ''Eretmodus cyanostictus'' lives near the bottom in the turbulent, coastal surf zone, like other members of its tribe&lt;ref name=&quot;Smith1998&quot; /&gt;
Faịlụ:Astatotilapia_burtoni.png|Haplochromini: ''Astatotilapia burtoni'' is one of the few Tanganyika species,&lt;ref name=&quot;FishbaseList&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Species in the Tanganyika|url=https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4|accessdate=2023-03-11|work=www.fishbase.se|archivedate=11 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162720/https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4}}&lt;/ref&gt; unlike other [[Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu Afrịka|African Great Lakes]] where most belong to this tribe&lt;ref name=&quot;Lowe2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lowe-McConnell|first=R|year=2009|title=Fisheries and cichlid evolution in the African Great Lakes: progress and problems|journal=Freshwater Reviews|volume=2|issue=2|pages=131–151|doi=10.1608/frj-2.2.2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Faịlụ:Schachbrett-Schlankcichlide.jpg|Lamprologini (E): ''Julidochromis marlieri'' is popular in the [[aquarium]] trade where members of the genus are known as &quot;Julies&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Julidochromis marlieri (Marlier's Julie)|work=Seriously Fish|url=https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/julidochromis-marlieri/|accessdate=2023-03-11|archivedate=11 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162711/https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/julidochromis-marlieri/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Faịlụ:Gnathochromis_premaxillaris.jpg|Limnochromini (E): ''Gnathochromis permaxillaris'' is a zooplanktivore with an unusual protractile mouth
Faịlụ:Perissodus_microlepis_juvenile_in_aquarium.jpg|Perissodini (E): ''Perissodus microlepis'', a specialized scale-eating species&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Stewart|first=T.A.|year=2010|title=Evolution of a unique predatory feeding apparatus: functional anatomy, development and a genetic locus for jaw laterality in Lake Tanganyika scale-eating cichlids|journal=BMC Biology|volume=8|issue=1|doi=10.1186/1741-7007-8-8|pmid=20102595}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Faịlụ:Oreochromis_tanganicae_(Günther).jpg|Tilapiini: ''Oreochromis tanganicae'' is one of the most common coastal species found in local fish markets
Faịlụ:TropheusspRed200.jpg|Tropheini (E): ''Tropheus moorii'' (&quot;red&quot; Chimba morph) is highly variable and the taxonomy of some of the morphs is questionable&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Salzburger|year=2006|title=Colour-assortative mating among populations of Tropheus moorii, a cichlid fish from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa|journal=Proc Biol Sci|volume=273|issue=1584|pages=257–266|doi=10.1098/rspb.2005.3321|pmid=16543167}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tropheus Genus Evolution|url=http://www.cichlidworld.eu/clanky/evolucia_tropheus_e.htm|accessdate=2023-03-11|work=Cichlid World|author=Robert Toman|date=2017|archivedate=19 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919232102/http://www.cichlidworld.eu/clanky/evolucia_tropheus_e.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Faịlụ:View_of_Kagongo_Ward.jpg|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na Kagongo Ward, Kigoma Region, Tanzania]]
'''Lake Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika''' (/ˌtæŋɡənˈjiːkə, -ɡæn-/ TANG-gən-YEE-kə, -⁠gan-; ) bụ otu n'ime Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu nke Afrịka.Ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri dị ụtọ nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa n'ịtụle oke mmiri ọ nwere, ma bụrụkwa ọdọ mmiri nke abụọ kachasị omimi n'ụwa; n'ihe abụọ a, naanị Ọdọ Baikal dị na Siberia ka ọ karịrị ya. Ọ bụkwa ọdọ mmiri dị ụtọ kachasị ogologo n'ụwa. N'ịtụle obosara ya, ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri nke isii kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa.Ọdọ Tanganyika bụ nke mba anọ na-ekekọrịta, ya bụ Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, na Zambia. N'ime ndị a, Tanzania nwere ihe dị ka pasent 46 nke ọdọ ahụ, ebe DRC nwere ihe dị ka pasent 40, nke pụtara na mba abụọ a nwere akụkụ kachasị ukwuu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ.Mmiri Ọdọ Tanganyika na-asọpụta site n'Osimiri Lukuga banye n'usoro Osimiri Congo, nke mechara wụsa mmiri ya n'Oké Osimiri Atlantic n'obodo Banana, na Democratic Republic of the Congo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Burton|first=Richard Francis|editor=Richards|title=Burton and Lake Tanganyika|date=1965|publisher=East African Literature Bureau|location=Dar Es Salaam|oclc=180480726}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;zambiatour&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika|title=Lake Tanganyika|work=www.zambiatourism.com|accessdate=2008-03-14|archivedate=22 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lewis|first=R.|url=https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika|title=Brown Geologists Show Unprecedented Warming in Lake Tanganyika|publisher=Brown University|date=16 May 2010|accessdate=25 March 2017|archivedate=26 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326051107/https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=World’s largest lakes {{!}} Description, Area, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/worlds-largest-lakes-2228655|accessdate=2025-10-18|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ọdịdị ala ==
Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika bụ Ọdọ mmiri oge ochie, otu n'ime naanị iri abụọ karịrị otu nde afọ. Mmiri atọ ya, nke n'oge mmiri dị ala bụ ọdọ mmiri dị iche iche, nwere afọ dị iche iche. Ebe etiti malitere ịpụta 9-12 nde afọ gara aga (Mya), ugwu 7-8 Mya na ndịda 2-4 Mya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cohen|year=1993|title=Estimating the age of formation of lakes: An example from Lake Tanganyika, East African Rift system|journal=Geology|volume=21|issue=6|pages=511–514|doi=10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021&lt;0511:ETAOFO&gt;2.3.CO;2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taa, Ọdọ Tanganyika dị n'ime Albertine Rift, nke bụ ngalaba ọdịda anyanwụ nke East African Rift, ma ugwu ndị gbara ndagwurugwu ahụ gburugburu na-ejide ya.Ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri rift kachasị ukwuu n'Afrịka, ma bụrụkwa ọdọ mmiri dị ụtọ nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa n'ịtụle oke mmiri ọ nwere. Ọ bụkwa ọdọ mmiri kachasị omimi n'Afrịka ma nwee oke mmiri dị ụtọ kachasị ukwuu n'ala Afrịka, nke ruru ihe dị ka pasent 16 nke mmiri dị ụtọ niile dị n'ụwa.Ọ na-agbatị ruo 676 km (420 mi) n'ụzọ ugwu-ndịda, ma nwee obosara nke dị ka nkeji 50 km (31 mi). Osimiri a kpuchiri 32,000 km2 (12,000 sq mi), nwee ọnụ ala mmiri (shoreline) dị 1,900 km (1,200 mi), omimi nkezi bụ 572 m (1,877 ft) na omimi kachasị ukwuu bụ 1,471 m (4,826 ft) (nke dị na ngalaba ugwu). O jidere ihe dị ka 18,750 km3 (4,500 cu mi) nke mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html|title=Datbase Summary: Lake Tanganyika|work=ilec.or.jp|accessdate=2008-03-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19991110092358/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html|archivedate=1999-11-10|publisher=International Lake Environment Committee Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mpaghara mmiri niile na-asọba n'Ọdọ Tanganyika  na-ekpuchi ihe dị ka kilomita skwea 231,000.Osimiri ukwu abụọ na ọtụtụ osimiri na iyi mmiri nta na-asọba n'ọdọ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ogologo ọtụtụ n'ime ha pere mpe n'ihi ugwu ndị dị elu gbara ọdọ ahụ gburugburu. Naanị otu nnukwu ụzọ mmiri si apụta n'ọdọ ahụ bụ Osimiri Lukuga, nke na-asọba banye n'usoro Osimiri Congo.Otú ọ dị, mmiri ozuzo na mmịkọrọ mmiri n'ikuku na-enwe mmetụta karịa osimiri ndị ahụ n'ịhazigharị oke mmiri dị n'ọdọ ahụ. Opekata mpe pasent 90 nke mmiri na-abanye n'ọdọ ahụ sitere na mmiri ozuzo na-adaba ozugbo n'elu ọdọ ahụ, ebe opekata mpe pasent 90 nke mmiri na-apụ na ya bụ n'ihi mmịkọrọ mmiri ozugbo n'ikuku.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kullander2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kullander|first=S.O.|year=2011|title=Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River|journal=Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters|volume=22|issue=4|pages=355–76}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Osimiri kachasị na-asọba n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ [[Osimiri Ruzizi]], nke e guzobere ihe dị ka afọ 10,000 gara aga, nke na-abanye n'ebe ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na Ọdọ Mmiri Kivu.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=978-0-89577-087-5|editor=Scheffel|location=US|pages=366–67}}&lt;/ref&gt; Osimiri Malagarasi, nke bụ osimiri nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na Tanzania, na-abanye n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika.  Malagarasi bụ okenye karịa Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika, tupu e mepụta ọdọ mmiri ahụ, ọ ga-abụ na ọ bụ isi mmiri nke [[Osimiri Lualaba]], isi iyi nke Osimiri  Congo.Osimiri kachasị na-asọba n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na Zambia na nke kachasị na-abanye n'ọdọ ndịda bụ Lufubu, nke na-ebili na mbara ala dị n'ebe ndịda ọdọ mmiri ahụ, na-asọ n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ n'elu ugwu n'ime ndagwurugwu, wee na-asọga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ọnụ ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke Nsumbu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nsumbu National Park|url=https://africageographic.com/stories/nsumbu-national-park/|accessdate=3 June 2026|work=Africa Geographic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-agbanwe agbanwe, n'ihi ịdị elu ya, nnukwu omimi, nwayọ nke ịmegharị, na ebe ugwu dị n'ebe mgbawa ugwu nke gbanwere ihu igwe. O doro anya na ọ naghị adịkebe n'oge gara aga na-asọba n'oké osimiri. A kọwawo ya dị ka &quot;ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nkwado&quot; n'ihi nke a. Njikọ ọdọ mmiri ahụ na oké osimiri na-adabere na ọkwa mmiri dị elu nke na-enye ohere ka mmiri si n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-agafe Osimiri Lukuga banye na Congo.  Mgbe ọ na-ejupụtaghị, ọpụpụ ọdọ mmiri ahụ na Osimiri Lukuga na-ejikarị ájá na ahịhịa kpuchie ya, kama osimiri a na-adabere na ndị na-akwado ya, ọkachasị Osimiri Niemba, iji nọgide na-aga.

Kemgbe afọ 1990 mmiri dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika ejirila ihe dị ka mita abụọ rịa elu, na-eme ka ụlọ na ihe owuwu dị n'akụkụ osimiri dị ala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Water surface elevation timeseries reveals the rising water levels in Lake Tanganyika|url=https://worldwater.earth/water-surface-elevation-timeseries-reveals-the-rising-water-levels-in-lake-tanganyika|accessdate=1 June 2026|work=WorldWater|archivedate=7 March 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260307174809/https://worldwater.earth/water-surface-elevation-timeseries-reveals-the-rising-water-levels-in-lake-tanganyika/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ahụ nke a n'obodo Nsumbu, Zambia, n'akụkụ osimiri dị n'etiti ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ọnụ Osimiri Chisala, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kilomita 2 n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ. N'agbata afọ 2018 na afọ 2024, mmiri ahụ abanyewo n'akụkụ obodo ahụ ruo mita 300 site n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke afọ 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nsumbu|url=https://www.google.com/maps/search/Nsumbu/@-8.5164746,30.4729444,1517m/data=!3m1!1e3?entry=ttu&amp;g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D|accessdate=2 June 2026|work=Google Maps}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Google Earth imagery showing Nsumbu settlement and shoreline, Zambia.|url=https://earth.google.com/web/@-8.51664622,30.47719045,771.76267068a,1405.28427165d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDE4LTExLTI2GAFCAggBOgMKATBCAggASg0I____________ARAA|accessdate=2 June 2026|work=Google Earth - Use the historical slider to select past views.|publisher=Google Earth}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwekwara ike inwe mgbe ụfọdụ ọpụpụ na ọpụpụ dị iche iche; ọpụpụ nke na-esi n'Ọdọ Mmiri Rukwa dị elu, ịbanye n'Ọdọ Mmiri Malawi na ụzọ ọpụpụ gaa na Naịl niile ka a tụrụ aro na ọ dị n'oge ụfọdụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lévêque|first=Christian|title=Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa|isbn=978-0-521-57033-6|year=1997|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị e ji mara mmiri ==
[[Faịlụ:Clear_lake_Kagongo_Ward.jpg|thumb|Ọdọ mmiri dị ọcha nke Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika na Kagongo Ward, Kigoma Region, Tanzania]]
Mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ alkaline na pH gburugburu 9 na omimi nke 0-100  . &lt;ref name=&quot;Wever2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=De|first=Wever|year=2005|title=Bacterial Community Composition in Lake Tanganyika: Vertical and Horizontal Heterogeneity|journal=Appl Environ Microbiol|volume=71|issue=9|pages=5029–5037|doi=10.1128/AEM.71.9.5029-5037.2005|pmid=16151083}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'okpuru nke a, ọ dị gburugburu 8.7, na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata ruo 8.3-8.5 n'akụkụ ndị miri emi nke Tanganyika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wever2005&quot; /&gt; Enwere ike ịhụ usoro yiri nke ahụ na conductivity eletrik, site na ihe dị ka 670 μS / cm n'akụkụ elu ruo 690 μS /cm n'ime miri emi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wever2005&quot; /&gt;

Okpomọkụ dị n'elu n'ozuzu ya sitere na 24   n'akụkụ ndịda nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ na mbido Ọgọst ruo 28-29   na ngwụcha oge mmiri ozuzo na Machị - Eprel.&lt;ref name=&quot;Edmond1993&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Edmond|year=1993|title=Nutrient chemistry of the water column of Lake Tanganyika|journal=Limnol. Oceanogr.|volume=38|issue=4|pages=725–738|doi=10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na omimi karịrị 400 m (1,300 , okpomọkụ kwụsiri ike na 23.1-23.4  . &lt;ref name=&quot;Reilly2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=O'Reilly|first=Catherine M.|date=August 14, 2003|title=Climate change decreases aquatic ecosystem productivity of Lake Tanganyika, Africa|doi=10.1038/nature01833|pmid=12917682|journal=Nature|volume=424|issue=6950|pages=766–768}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmiri ahụ ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ekpo ọkụ kemgbe narị afọ nke iri na itoolu ma nke a emeela ka okpomọkụ ụwa dị ngwa kemgbe afọ 1950.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jensen, M.R.|title=Lake Tanganyika Fisheries Declining From Global Warming|url=https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming|publisher=University of Arizona|date=8 August 2016|accessdate=5 March 2018|archivedate=6 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306085806/https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị iche iche na ngwakọta oge n'ozuzu ya anaghị agafe omimi nke 150  . &lt;ref name=&quot;Edmond1993&quot;/&gt; Ngwakọta ahụ na-emekarị dị ka elu mmiri na ndịda ma ikuku na-ebugharị ya, mana ruo n'ókè dị ala, elu na ala mmiri na-emekwa n'ebe ndị ọzọ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lowe2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lowe-McConnell|first=R.H.|year=2003|title=Recent research in the African Great Lakes: Fisheries, biodiversity and cichlid evolution|journal=Freshwater Forum|volume=20|issue=1|pages=4–64}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi nkewa, akụkụ ndị miri emi nwere &quot;mmiri fossil&quot;.  Nke a pụtakwara na ọ nweghị ikuku Oxygen (ọ bụ anoxic) n'akụkụ ndị dị omimi, na-egbochi azụ na ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme n'elu. A na-ahụ ụfọdụ ọdịiche ala na njedebe a, mana ọ na-adịkarị na omimi gburugburu 100   n'akụkụ ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ na 240-250   na ndịda.   Akụkụ ndị na-enweghị ikuku oxygen nwere ọkwa dị elu nke hydrogen sulfide na-egbu egbu ma bụrụ ndị na-adịghị ndụ,  ma e wezụga nje bacteria.  &lt;ref name=&quot;zambiatour&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wever2005&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ryan|first=Emily|title=Variation in Taphonomic Character of Shell Beds in Lake Tanganyika, Africa: Paleoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Implications of Shell Beds in Lakes|date=2017|doi=10.1130/abs/2017am-304608}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị dị ndụ ==

=== Anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ ===
Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika na ala mmiri ya bụ ebe Agụ iyi Naịl (gụnyere nnukwu Gustave a ma ama), ala ndị nwere hinged na Zambia, ala ndị nwere articed serrated, na ala ndị nwere hingeed pan (ụdị ikpeazụ abụghị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'onwe ya, kama na ọdọ mmiri ndị dị nso).  Storm's water cobra, ụdị nke na-eyi egwu nke na-eri azụ, na-ahụ naanị na Lake Tanganyika, ebe ọ na-ahọrọ ụsọ nkume.&lt;ref name=Spawls2002&gt;Spawls, Howell, Drewes, and Ashe (2002). A Field Guide to the Reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, London. {{ISBN|0-12-656470-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=Spawls2002/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Boulengerina annulata stormsi (Storm's water cobra). Attempted predation |author1-last=O'Shea |author1-first=Mark |author1-link=Mark O'Shea (herpetologist) |author2-last=Mcintyre |author2-first=P.B. |journal=Herpetological Review |volume=36 |issue=2 |page=189 |date=2005 |url=http://www.markoshea.info/oba4-3_zambia_tanzania03.php |access-date=2023-03-11 |archive-date=2 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202071348/http://www.markoshea.info/oba4-3_zambia_tanzania03.php |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Boulengerina annulata stormsi (Storm's water cobra). Attempted predation|journal=Herpetological Review|volume=36|issue=2|date=2005|url=http://www.markoshea.info/oba4-3_zambia_tanzania03.php|accessdate=2023-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Azụ Cichlid ===
[[Faịlụ:Murky_waters.jpg|thumb|Onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị dị ndụ na-anakọta ihe nlele na 2020 na mmiri gbara ọchịchịrị nke Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika maka ọmụmụ banyere mgbanwe nri nke azụ cichlid iji ghọtakwuo evolushọn na ụdị ha.]]
[[Faịlụ:Neolamprologus_brichardi.jpg|thumb|Otu n'ime ọtụtụ Tanganyika cichlids bụ ''Neolamprologus brichardi''. A mụọla omume dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụdị a na onye ikwu ya ''N. pulcher'' n'ụzọ zuru ezu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Dierkes|year=1999|title=Reproductive parasitism of broodcare helpers in a cooperatively breeding fish|journal=Behavioral Ecology|volume=10|issue=5|pages=510–515|doi=10.1093/beheco/10.5.510}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Balshine-Earn|year=1998|title=Individual recognition in a cooperatively breeding cichlid: Evidence from video playback experiments|journal=Behaviour|volume=135|issue=3|pages=369–386|doi=10.1163/156853998793066221}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Werner|year=2003|title=Helping opportunities and space segregation in cooperatively breeding cichlids|journal=Behavioral Ecology|volume=14|issue=6|pages=749–756|doi=10.1093/beheco/arg067}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ọdọ mmiri Tanganyika bụ ebe obibi nke opekata mpe ụdị azụ cichlid 250 ndị a na-ahụ naanị n'ọdọ ahụ , ma o yikarịrị ka a ka nwere ụdị ndị ọzọ ndị ọkà mmụta achọpụtabeghị.Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent 98 nke ụdị azụ cichlid niile dị n'ọdọ ahụ anaghị adị n'ebe ọ bụla ọzọ n'ụwa. Nke a na-eme ka Ọdọ Tanganyika bụrụ ebe bara nnukwu uru n'ihe gbasara ọmụmụ sayensị banyere mmepụta ụdị ọhụrụ  na evolushọn .Azụ cichlid nke Ọdọ Mmiri Ukwu nke Afrịka, gụnyere ndị dị na Ọdọ Tanganyika, bụ otu n'ime ihe atụ kachasị pụta ìhè nke adaptive radiation n'ime anụmanụ nwere ọkpụkpụ azụ .Ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị ndị a pụrụ iche na-apụta ntakịrị n'akụkụ elu Osimiri Lukuga, nke bụ ụzọ mmiri si apụta n'Ọdọ Tanganyika. Ma ha anaghị agbasa nke ọma n'ime usoro Osimiri Congo, n'ihi ọdịiche dị n'ala na n'ụdị mmiri. Mmiri Ọdọ Tanganyika na-adịgide adịgide ma kwụsie ike karịa mmiri Osimiri Congo, nke nwere ọtụtụ ebe mmiri na-asọ ngwa ngwa na mgbada mmiri.Ọzọkwa, mmiri Ọdọ Tanganyika bụ mmiri alkaline, nwere pH dị elu nke azụ cichlid na-ahọrọ, ma nwekwaa nnukwu calcium na mineral karịa mmiri Osimiri Congo, nke na-adị acidic, juputara na ájá na unyi, ma na-ebukwa ọtụtụ ihe ndị sitere n'osisi na akwụkwọ rere ure nke sitere n'oké ọhịa mmiri ozuzo gbara ya gburugburu.N'ebe ụfọdụ nke Osimiri Congo ebe mmiri anaghị asọ ngwa ngwa, ihe ndị a na-eburu n'ime mmiri na-akpakọba, na-emepụta ụdị mmiri a na-akpọ blackwater, nke nwere nnukwu tannins sitere n'osisi na akwụkwọ na-agbaze. Ụdị gburugburu mmiri a adịghị akwado uto na ndụ azụ cichlid. N'otu aka ahụ, ọtụtụ ụdị azụ ndị na-ebikarị n'osimiri ebe okpomọkụ dị elu agaghị enwe ike ibi nke ọma ma ọ bụrụ na e tinye ha n'ime mmiri  

N'agbanyeghị na Ọdọ Tanganyika nwere ụdị azụ cichlid ole na ole ma e jiri ya tụnyere Ọdọ Malawi na Ọdọ Victoria—ndị abụọ ahụ nwere mmụba ngwa ngwa nke ụdị ọhụrụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, nke mere ka e nwee ọtụtụ ụdị nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya—azụ cichlid ndị dị na Tanganyika bụ ndị kacha nwee ọdịiche n'ụdị ọdịdị ahụ na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa .A na-ejikọta ọdịiche a na eziokwu na Ọdọ Tanganyika dị nnọọ ochie karịa ọdọ mmiri abụọ ndị ọzọ. N'ime ọdọ mmiri niile dị n'Afrịka, Tanganyika nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha ukwuu nke genera (òtù ụdị) cichlid ndị na-adịghị ahụ ebe ọzọ n'ụwa .Azụ cichlid niile dị na Ọdọ Tanganyika so n'ime ezinụlọ nta Pseudocrenilabrinae. N'ime ebo  iri dị n'ime ezinụlọ nta a, ise bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị naanị n'Ọdọ Tanganyika ma ọ bụ fọrọ nke nta ka ha bụrụ naanị ebe ahụ: Cyprichromini, Ectodini, Lamprologini, Limnochromini, na Tropheini. Ebo atọ ọzọ nwekwara ụfọdụ ụdị dị n'ọdọ ahụ, ya bụ Haplochromini, Tilapiini, na Tylochromini.Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta atụkwasịla aro ka e kee azụ cichlid nke Ọdọ Tanganyika n'ime ebo iri na abụọ ruo iri na isii, site n'ịgbakwunye ebo dịka Bathybatini, Benthochromini, Boulengerochromini, Cyphotilapiini, Eretmodini, Greenwoodochromini, Perissodini, na Trematocarini, tinyere ndị e kwuburu n'elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Turner2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Turner|first=Seehausen|year=2001|title=How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?|doi=10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x|journal=Molecular Ecology|volume=10|issue=3|pages=793–806|pmid=11298988}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Meyer|first=Britta|date=25 November 2013|title=A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009|pmid=25433288|volume=83|pages=56–71}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Seehausen|first=O.|year=2015|title=Process and pattern in cichlid radiations – inferences for understanding unusually high rates of evolutionary diversification|journal=New Phytologist|doi=10.1111/nph.13450|volume=207|issue=2|pages=304–312|pmid=25983053}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nishida|first=M|year=1991|title=Lake Tanganyika as an evolutionary reservoir of old lineages of East African cichlid fishes: Inferences from allozyme data|journal=Experientia|volume=47|issue=9|pages=974–979|doi=10.1007/bf01929896}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Sparks|year=2004|title=Phylogeny and biogeography of cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae)|journal=Cladistics|volume=20|issue=6|pages=501–517|doi=10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00038.x|pmid=34892958}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ọtụtụ Tanganyika cichlids bi n'akụkụ osimiri, ruo omimi nke 100  , ma''na'' ụfọdụ ụdị mmiri miri emi na-agbadata na 200  .  A chọtawo ụdị ''Trematocara'', n'ụzọ pụrụ iche, n'ihe karịrị 300  , nke miri emi karịa ụdị cichlid ọ bụla ọzọ a maara. E jidere ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị mmiri miri emi (dịka, ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwAcE&quot;&gt;Bathybates&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'', ''Gnathochromis'', ''Hemibates'' na ''Xenochromis'') n'ebe ndị na-enweghị ikuku oxygen, na otu ha si nwee ike ịdị ndụ n'ebe ahụ edoghị anya. Tanganyika cichlids na-abụkarị benthic (achọta na ma ọ bụ nso ala) na / ma ọ bụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Enweghị Tanganyika cichlids bụ n'ezie Pelagic na offshore, ma e wezụga ụfọdụ n'ime Bathybates na-eri azụ. Abụọ n'ime ndị a, ''B. fasciatus'' na ''B. Leo'', na-eri nri na Tanganyika sardines.  &lt;ref name=&quot;McConnell1987&quot; /&gt; Tanganyika cichlids dị iche iche n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi, ma gụnye ụdị ndị na-eri ahịhịa, detritivores,planktivors, insectivores, molluscivores, scavengers, scale-eaters na piscivores.&lt;ref name=&quot;MortiffTangDiv&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Tanganyika and its Diverse Cichlids|url=https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/|accessdate=2023-03-11|work=Cichlid Fish Forum|date=24 December 2009|author=Craig Mortiff|archivedate=11 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162711/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, e gosipụtara na ụdị nri ndị a na-agbanwe agbanwe ma na-agbaso mgbanwe ohere. Nke ahụ bụ, ọtụtụ ụdị Tanganyikan cichlid nwere nri pụrụ iche gosipụtara ohere, mmebi nke ''Stolothrissa tanganicae'' na ''Limnothrissa miodon'' mgbe anụ oriri dị elu karịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Playing out Liem's Paradox: Opportunistic Piscivory across Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids|journal=The American Naturalist|year=2019|volume=194|issue=2|pages=260–267|doi=10.1086/704169|pmid=31318283}}&lt;/ref&gt; Omume ọmụmụ nke azụ na-adaba n'ìgwè abụọ: ndị na-eme ihe n'okpuru ma ọ bụ ájá (nke na-emekarị n'ọgba ma ọ bụ oghere nkume) na ndị na-amụba ọnụ. N'etiti ụdị ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ abụọ n'ime obere cichlids n'ụwa, ''Neolamprologus multifasciatus'' na ''N. similis'' (ha abụọ bi na shell), na-atụle ruo 4-5  in),  na otu n'ime ndị kasị ukwuu, nnukwu cichlid (''Boulengerochromis microlepis'') ruo 90  ft).  &lt;ref name=&quot;MortiffTangDiv&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PracFishKeepLarge&quot;/&gt;

Ọtụtụ azụ cichlid sitere n'Ọdọ Tanganyika, dịka ụdị ndị dị n'ime Altolamprologus, Cyprichromis, Eretmodus, Julidochromis, Lamprologus, Neolamprologus, Tropheus, na Xenotilapia, bụ azụ ndị a ma ama n'ime akwarium n'ihi agba ha na-egbuke egbuke, ụkpụrụ mara mma dị n'ahụ ha, na omume ha na-adọrọ mmasị.Ọ bụkwa ihe a ma ama n'etiti ndị na-azụ akwarium ịmepụta biotope nke Ọdọ Tanganyika, ya bụ, ime ka akwarium yie ebe obibi ha nke okike, ka azụ ndị a nwee ike ibi n'ọnọdụ yiri nke ha bi n'ime ọdọ ahụ. Taa, a na-amụba ọtụtụ n'ime ụdị azụ ndị a nke ọma n'ime ebe a na-azụ azụ n'aka mmadụ .&lt;ref name=Schliewen1992&gt;Schliewen, U. (1992). Aquarium Fish. Barron's Educational Series. {{ISBN|978-0812013504}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aquariumslife.com/featured/lake-tanganyika-biotope/|title=tanganyika biotope aquarium|date=2010-02-10|publisher=Aquariums Life|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302102920/http://www.aquariumslife.com/featured/lake-tanganyika-biotope/|archivedate=2012-03-02|accessdate=2014-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Azụ ndị ọzọ ===
[[Faịlụ:Lamprichthys_tanganicanus.JPG|thumb|Tanganyika killifish (''Lamprichthys tanganicanus'') bụ naanị onye so n'ụdị ya ]]
Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika bụ ebe obibi nke ihe karịrị ụdị azụ 80 na-abụghị nkecichlid na ihe dị ka 60% nke ndị a bụ ebe a na-ahụkarị.&lt;ref name=&quot;LTBP&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=Snail&gt;Brown, D. (1994). ''Freshwater Snails Of Africa And Their Medical Importance.'' 2nd edition. {{ISBN|0-7484-0026-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Brown2011&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wright|first=J.J.|year=2012|title=Systematic revision of the formerly monotypic genus Tanganikallabes (Siluriformes: Clariidae)|url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91200/1/j.1096-3642.2011.00789.x.pdf|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=165|issue=1|pages=121–142|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00789.x}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mmiri mepere emepe nke mpaghara pelagic jupụtara na ụdị anọ na-abụghị nkecichlid: Ụdị abụọ nke &quot;Tanganyika sardine&quot; (''Limnothrissa miodon'' na ''Stolothrissa tanganicae'') mejupụtara nnukwu biomass nke azụ na mpaghara a, ha bụkwa anụ oriri dị mkpa maka forktail lates (Lates microlepis) na sleek lates (''L. stappersii'').  A na-ahụ lates abụọ ọzọ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, lates Tanganyika (''L. angustifrons'') na lates bigeye (''L. mariae''), mana ha abụọ bụ ndị na-achụ nta n'ime ala, ọ bụ ezie na ha nwekwara ike ịbanye na mmiri mepere emepe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lindqvist1999&quot; /&gt; A na-egbute lates anọ ahụ, ndị niile dị na Tanganyika, ma ndị buru ibu dị ụkọ taa.&lt;ref name=Lindqvist1999&gt;Lindqvist, O.V.; H. Mölsä; K. Solonen; J. Sarvala, editors (1999). From Limnology to Fisheries: Lake Tanganyika and Other Large Lakes. pp.&amp;nbsp;213–214. Springer. {{ISBN|978-0792360179}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'etiti azụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe na ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ &quot;cuckoo catfish&quot;, gụnyere ọ dịkarịa ala Synodontis grandiops &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Synodontis grandiops • Mochokidae|date=2020|url=https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?species_id=710|accessdate=2023-03-11|work=www.planetcatfish.com|language=en-gb|archivedate=1 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401232617/https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?species_id=710}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ''S. multipunctatus''. Ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ yiri nke ahụ (dịka, ''S. lucipinnis'' na ''S. petricola'') ma na-agbagwoju anya mgbe niile; ọ bụghị ihe doro anya ma ha nwere omume yiri nke ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wright2006&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Synodontis lucipinnis • Mochokidae|date=2023|url=https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?task=&amp;species_id=103|accessdate=2023-03-11|work=www.planetcatfish.com|language=en-gb|archivedate=1 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401232507/https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?task=&amp;species_id=103}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nje ndị na-eme nhọrọ na-eyi àkwá ha n'otu oge na cichlids na-agbasa n'ọnụ. Cichlid na-eburu àkwá n'ọnụ ha dị ka a ga-asị na ha bụ nke ha. Ozugbo àkwá catfish pupụtara, ụmụ ha na-eri àkwá cichlid.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wright2006&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schliewen1992&quot; /&gt; Ụdị azụ catfish isii na-ejedebe kpamkpam na ọdọ mmiri ahụ: ''Bathybagrus'', ''Dinotopterus'', ''Lophiobagrus'', ''Phyllonemus'',Pseudotanganikallabes na Tanganikallabs.  &lt;ref name=&quot;FishbaseList&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wright, J.J.|year=2017|title=A new diminutive genus and species of catfish from Lake Tanganyika (Siluriformes: Clariidae)|journal=J Fish Biol|doi=10.1111/jfb.13374|volume=91|issue=3|pages=789–805|pmid=28744868}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị ebe a na-ahụkarị na ọkwa ụdị, a na-achọta ụdị isii nke ''Chrysichthys'' catfish na ọdọ mmiri Tanganyika ebe ha bi ma na mmiri na-adịghị omimi na nke miri emi;  na ebe obibi nke ikpeazụ ha bụ ndị na-eri anụ na ndị na-ekpofu ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;FishbaseList&quot; /&gt; Otu radieshon evolushọn pụrụ iche n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ụdị 15 nke ''Mastacembelus'' spiny eels, ha niile ma e wezụga otu nke dị na ọdọ mmiri ya.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Brown2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Brown|year=2011|title=Pectoral fin loss in the Mastacembelidae: a new species from Lake Tanganyika|journal=Journal of Zoology|volume=284|issue=4|pages=286–293|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Brown2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Brown|year=2010|title=Mastacembelid eels support Lake Tanganyika as an evolutionary hotspot of diversification|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=10|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-10-188|pmid=20565906}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na Great Lakes ndị ọzọ nke Africa nwere Synodontis catfish, ụdị catfish na ''Mastacembelus'' spiny eels, ụdị dị iche iche dị elu bụ ihe pụrụ iche na Tanganyika, nke nwere ike ịmekọrịta afọ ndụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brown2010&quot; /&gt;

N'etiti azụ ndị na-abụghị ndị a na-ahụkarị, ụfọdụ bụ ụdị Afrịka zuru ebe niile mana ọtụtụ na-ekerịta naanị na Malagarasi na ndagwurugwu Osimiri Congo, dị ka Congo bichir (''Polypterus congicus''), goliath tigerfish (''Hydrocynus goliath''), ''Citharinus citharus'', distichodus isii (''Distichodus sexfasciatus'') na mbu puffer (Tetraodon). &lt;ref name=&quot;FishbaseList&quot;/&gt;

=== Molluscs na crustaceans ===
[[Faịlụ:Tiphobia_horei_01.JPG|thumb|Akpụkpọ ahụ nke thalassoid freshwater snail ''Tiphobia horei'' na ọdịdị ya na ogwu ya.]]
A maara ngụkọta nke ụdị mmiri mmiri dị ọcha 83 (65 endemic) na ụdị bivalve 11 (8 endemic) site na ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Darwall2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|editor=Darwall, W.|year=2011|author=Seddon, M.|title=Freshwater molluscs of Africa: diversity, distribution, and conservation|publisher=IUCN|pages=92–119|isbn=978-2-8317-1345-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'etiti bivalves ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ ụdị atọ: ''[[Grandidieria burtoni]]'', ''Pseudospatha tanganyicensis'' na ''[[Brazzaea anceyi]]'' .&lt;ref name=&quot;Darwall2011&quot; /&gt; Ọtụtụ n'ime snails bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe maka ụdị ndị bi na mmiri dị ọcha n'inwe mkpokoro siri ike na / ma ọ bụ ihe ọkpụkpụ dị iche iche, ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị na snails nke mmiri. A na-akpọ ha thalassoids, nke a pụrụ ịsụgharị ka ọ bụrụ &quot;dị ka mmiri&quot;. All Tanganyika thalassoids, nke bụ akụkụ nke Prosobranchia, bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Snail&quot; /&gt; Na mbụ, e kwenyere na ha nwere njikọ na ụdị mmiri snails, mana a maara ugbu a na ha enweghị njikọ. A na-ekwere ugbu a na ọdịdị ha bụ nsonaazụ nke ebe obibi dịgasị iche iche na Lake Tanganyika na nrụgide evolushọn sitere na azụ na-eri snail na, ọkachasị, crabs ''Platythelphusa''.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Snail&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LTBP&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=West|first=K.|year=1996|title=Shell microstructure of gastropods from Lake Tanganyika, Africa: adaptation, convergent evolution, and escalation.|journal=Evolution|volume=50|issue=2|pages=672–682|doi=10.2307/2410840|pmid=28568935}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngụkọta nke ụdị 17 nke mmiri na-atọ ụtọ dị na ọdọ mmiri ahụ, dị ka ''Hirthia'', Lavigeria, ''Paramelania'', ''Reymondia'', ''Spekia'', ''Stanleya'', ''Tanganyicia'' na Tiphobia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Snail&quot; /&gt; E nwere ihe dị ka ụdị 30 nke snails na-abụghị thalassoid n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, mana naanị ise n'ime ndị a bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, gụnyere ''Ferrissia tanganyicensis'' na ''Neothauma tanganyicense''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Snail&quot; /&gt; Nke ikpeazụ bụ nnukwu Tanganyika snail na obere shell-ebi na shell na-ejikarị mkpokoro ya eme ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Koblmüller|year=2007|title=Reticulate phylogeny of gastropod-shell-breeding cichlids from Lake Tanganyika — the result of repeated introgressive hybridization.|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-7-7|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=7|pmid=17254340}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Crustaceans dịkwa iche iche na Tanganyika na ihe karịrị ụdị 200, nke ihe karịrị ọkara n'ime ha bụ ebe a na-ahụkarị.&lt;ref name=&quot;LTBP&quot; /&gt; Ha gụnyere ụdị 10 nke crabs mmiri dị ọcha (9 ''Platythelphusa'' na ''Potamonautes platynotus''; niile dị na mpaghara),  ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị 11 nke obere atyid shrimp (''[[Atyella]]'', ''[[Caridella]]'' na ''[[Limnocaridina|Limnocaridin]]''), &lt;ref name=&quot;crabs&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Marijnissen|year=2006|title=Molecular evidence for recent divergence of Lake Tanganyika endemic crabs (Decapoda: Platythelphusidae)|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=40|issue=2|pages=628–634|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.025|pmid=16647274}}&lt;/ref&gt; a na-ahụkarị palaemonid shramp (''Macrobrachium moorei''),  ihe dị ka 100 ostracods, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Martens|year=2008|title=Global diversity of ostracods (Ostracoda, Crustacea) in freshwater|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=595|pages=185–193|doi=10.1007/s10750-007-9245-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị dị na mpaghara, &lt;ref name=&quot;Atyid&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Fryer|first=G|year=2006|title=Evolution in ancient lakes: radiation of Tanganyikan atyid prawns and speciation of pelagic cichlid fishes in Lake Malawi.|doi=10.1007/s10750-006-0322-x|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=568|issue=1|pages=131–142}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ọtụtụ copepods.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gitter|first=F.|year=2015|title=Sub-Decadal Resolution in Sediments of Late Miocene Lake Pannon Reveals Speciation of Cyprideis (Crustacea, Ostracoda)|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=4|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0109360|pmid=25902063}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Schön|first=I.|year=2012|title=Molecular analyses of ostracod flocks from Lake Baikal and Lake Tanganyika|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=682|issue=1|pages=91–110|doi=10.1007/s10750-011-0935-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cirhuza|first=D.M.|year=2016|title=Composition and seasonal variations in abundance of Copepod (Crustacea) populations from the northern part of Lake Tanganyika|url=https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/248670|journal=Aquatic Ecosystem Health &amp; Management|volume=19|issue=4|pages=401–410|doi=10.1080/14634988.2016.1251277|accessdate=30 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'etiti ndị a, ''Limnocaridina iridinae'' bi n'ime oghere mantle nke unionid mussel ''[[Pleiodon spekei]]'', na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime naanị ụdị abụọ a maara nke shrimp mmiri dị ọcha (nke ọzọ bụ sponge-living ''Caridina spongicola'' si Lake Towuti, Indonesia).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=De Grave|first=S.|year=2008|title=Global diversity of shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) in freshwater|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=595|pages=287–293|doi=10.1007/s10750-007-9024-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'etiti Ọdọ Mmiri Rift Valley, Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika karịrị ndị ọzọ niile n'ihe gbasara ọgaranya nke anụ na mmiri dị ọcha (ma n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụdị na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị a na-ahụkarị).  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, naanị ọdọ mmiri Rift Valley ọzọ nwere crabs mmiri dị ọcha bụ Lake Kivu na Lake Victoria nke ọ bụla nwere ụdị abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cumberlidge|first=N.|year=2017|title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)|journal=European Journal of Taxonomy|issue=371|pages=1–19|doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Anụ ndị ọzọ na-enweghị azụ ===
A maghị ụdị dị iche iche nke ndị ọzọ na-enweghị azụ na Lake Tanganyika nke ọma, mana enwere ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụdị 20 akọwapụtara nke leeches (12 dị naanị ebe ahụ), ụdị 9 nke sponji (7 dị naanị ebe ahụ), ụdị 6 nke bryozoa (2 dị naanị ebe ahụ), ụdị 11 nke flatworm (7 dị naanị ebe ahụ), ụdị 20 nke nematode (7 dị naanị ebe ahụ), ụdị 28 nke annelid (17 dị naanị ebe ahụ) yana obere jellyfish hydrozoan a na-akpọ Limnocnida tanganyicae.,  &lt;ref name=&quot;LTBP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=IW:LEARN {{pipe}} Documents|author=Kelly West|title=Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia|url=https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644|accessdate=2023-03-11|date=28 February 2001|archivedate=11 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFKelly_West2001&quot;&gt;Kelly West (28 February 2001). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; .

== Ịkụ azụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Fishing_boat_in_Kagongo_Ward.jpg|thumb|Ụgbọ mmiri ịkụ azụ na Kagongo Ward, Kigoma District]]
[[Faịlụ:Fisherman_on_Lake_Tanganyika.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|200x200px|Ndị ọkụ azụ n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika]]
Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika na-akwado nnukwu ịkụ azụ, nke, dabere na isi iyi, na-enye 25-40% &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mongabay.com/external/lake_tanganyika_warming.htm|title=Global warming is killing off tropical lake fish – Study of Lake Tanganyika|publisher=www.mongabay.com|accessdate=2008-03-14|archivedate=29 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629225857/http://www.mongabay.com/external/lake_tanganyika_warming.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma ọ bụ c. 60% nke protein anụmanụ na nri nke ndị bi na mpaghara ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen2016&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McGrath2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=McGrath, M.|title=Decline of fishing in Lake Tanganyika 'due to warming'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-37009305|publisher=BBC|date=8 August 2016|accessdate=5 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=Wright2006&gt;Wright, J.J.; and L.M. Page (2006). Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4): 99–154.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=Smith1998&gt;Smith, M.P. (1998). Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids, pp. 9–10. {{ISBN|0-7641-0615-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enwere ike ịchọta azụ Lake Tanganyika na-ebupụ na East Africa niile. Nnukwu ịkụ azụ azụmahịa malitere n'etiti afọ 1950 ma, tinyere okpomọkụ ụwa, nwere mmetụta siri ike na ọnụ ọgụgụ azụ, na-akpata mbelata dị ịrịba ama. &lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen2016&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;McGrath2016&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reilly2003&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 2016, e mere atụmatụ na ngụkọta nke ihe ndị e jidere ruru tọn 200,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jensen2016&quot; /&gt;

E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ na-eji eme ihe maka ịkụ azụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha gụnyere iji oriọna dị ka ihe na-adọta azụ ndị na-adọrọ mmasị n'ìhè. N'ebe ụfọdụ, a pụrụ ịhụ ihe karịrị otu narị ọkụ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'abalị. E nwere ụdị atọ dị mkpa. Otu a na-akpọ Lusenga nke bụ ụgbụ sara mbara nke otu onye si n'ụgbọ mmiri na-eji. Nke abụọ na-eji ụgbụ eletrik. A na-eme nke a site na ịtọgbụ ụgbụ n'okpuru ụgbọ mmiri site na iji ụgbọ mmiri abụọ kwụ ọtọ wee dọrọ ya n'otu oge. A na-akpọ nke atọ Chiromila nke nwere ụgbọ mmiri atọ. Otu ụgbọ mmiri kwụ otu ebe na oriọna ebe ụgbọ mmiri ọzọ na-ejide otu nsọtụ nke ụgbụ na ndị ọzọ na-agba gburugburu otu kwụ otu ebe iji zute ụgbụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Lake Tanganyika and Its Life|publisher=Oxford Press|year=1991}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Faịlụ:Stanley's_Lake_Tanganyika.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika Ahịrị ojii na-egosi ụzọ Henry Morton Stanley.]]
A na-eche na ''[[Madụ̀|Homo sapiens]]'' mbụ na-emetụta mpaghara ahụ n'oge Oge Nkume. A na-akọwa oge nke Middle Stone Age ruo Late Stone Age dị ka oge nke ndị na-achụ nta na ndị na-achịkọta ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=East African Ecosystems and Their Conservation|publisher=New York: Oxford University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'etiti narị afọ nke 19, ndị ahịa Swahili Arab si Zanzibar guzobere ụzọ ụgbọ ala si Bagamoyo site na Tabora gaa Ujiji na Lake Tanganyika. Ha wetara ụgbọ mmiri iji gaa n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ ma zụọ ahịa ohu, ọdụ́, égbè na ogho. Onye isi n'etiti ndị ahịa a bụ Tippu Tip na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 19, onye guzobere steeti n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=McConnell1987&gt;Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1987). Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. {{ISBN|0-521-28064-8}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
Ndị mbụ a maara na Ọdịda Anyanwụ chọtara ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ndị nchọpụta Britain Richard Burton na John Speke, na 1858. Ha chọtara ya mgbe ha na-achọ isi iyi nke Osimiri Naịl. Speke gara n'ihu ma chọta isi iyi, Lake Victoria. David Livingstone gara ọdọ mmiri ahụ ọtụtụ ugboro na njem ikpeazụ ya 1866-73, na-achọkwa isi iyi nke Naịl. Ọ nyochara etiti ọdịda anyanwụ, n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ zutere Henry Morton Stanley na Ujiji n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ n'afọ 1871, ha abụọ jiri ụgbọ mmiri gaa n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị n'ebe ugwu. N'ikpeazụ, ọ gara n'ala n'akụkụ ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na gburugburu njedebe ndịda nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ wee gaa n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo ọdọ mmiri Mweru Ọ chọpụtara aha &quot;Liemba&quot; maka akụkụ ndịda ya, okwu nwere ike isi n'[[Fipa language|Asụsụ Fipa]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Last Journals of David Livingstone, in Central Africa, from 1865 to His Death, Volume I (of 2), 1866-1868|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/16672/16672.txt|accessdate=1 June 2026|work=Project Gutenberg eBook}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Last Journals of David Livingstone, in Central Africa, from 1865 to His Death, Volume 2 (of 2), 1868-1873|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/17024/17024-h/17024-h.htm|accessdate=3 June 2026|work=Project Gutenberg}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=David Livingstone|title=The Last Journals of David Livingstone in Central Africa from 1865 to His Death|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJRKJnFkJeIC&amp;pg=PA212|date=2008|publisher=BiblioBazaar|isbn=978-0-554-26021-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tanganyika pụtara &quot;kpakpando&quot; n'[[Asụsụ Luvale]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=An African Aesthetic|author=Daniel J. Crowley|journal=The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism|volume=24|issue=4|date=Summer 1966|pages=519–524|doi=10.2307/428776}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 523 : 523 

Nchịkọta ọchịchị rutere n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 na Britain, Germany na Eze Leopold nke Belgium na-eguzobe ókèala ndị na-achị n'ọdọ ahụ. Na mbido narị afọ nke 20, ha kwụsịrị ahia ohu, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie anya ndị Swahili-Arabs na-achịkwa ahia ndị ọzọ n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hall|first=Richard|title=Zambia|publisher=Pall Mall Press|year=1965|location=London}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHall1965&quot;&gt;Hall, Richard (1965). &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụ ebe a na-alụ Agha maka Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Site n'enyemaka nke Graf Goetzen, ndị Germany nwere ikike zuru oke nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ na mmalite nke agha ahụ. A na-eji ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ebuga ibu na ndị ọrụ gafee ọdọ mmiri ahụ, yana dị ka ebe a ga-esi malite mwakpo mberede na ndị agha jikọrọ aka. Ya mere, ọ ghọrọ ihe dị mkpa maka ndị agha jikọrọ aka iji nweta ikike nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ n'onwe ha. N'okpuru iwu nke Lieutenant Commander Geoffrey Spicer-Simson, ndị Royal Navy nke Britain rụzuru ọrụ dị egwu nke iweta ụgbọ mmiri abụọ HMS Mimi na HMS Toutou site na England gaa n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na ụgbọ okporo ígwè, okporo ụzọ na osimiri gaa Albertville (ebe a gbanwere aha Kalemie na 1971) n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Tanganyika. Ụgbọ mmiri abụọ ahụ chere ruo na Disemba 1915, wee wakpo ndị Germany na mberede, site na ijide ụgbọ mmiri ''Kingani''. Ụgbọ mmiri ọzọ nke Germany, ''Hedwig'', mikpuru na Febụwarị 1916, na-ahapụ ''Götzen'' dị ka naanị ụgbọ mmiri Germany fọdụrụ iji chịkwaa ọdọ mmiri ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foden&quot; /&gt; Iji zere ụgbọ mmiri ya na-enweta ihe nrite ka ọ daa n'aka ndị agha jikọrọ aka, Zimmer tụbara ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na July 26, 1916. E mechara bulie ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na 1924 ma nye ya aha MV Liemba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Foden&quot;&gt;Giles Foden: ''Mimi and Toutou Go Forth — The Bizarre Battle for Lake Tanganyika'', Penguin, 2004.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Cryptodepression

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}


== Njikọ mpụga ==
 

* &lt;span class=&quot;portalbox-image&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Burundi.svg|link=|alt=flag|border|class=noviewer|32x32px]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;portalbox-link&quot;&gt;[[Portal:Burundi|Ebe a na-edebe ihe n'Ịntanet]]&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span class=&quot;portalbox-image&quot;&gt;[[File:Walden_Pond,_Massachusetts_on_June_27,_2012.png|alt=image|class=noviewer|28x28px]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;portalbox-link&quot;&gt;[[Portal:Lakes|Ọnụ ụzọ ámá ọdọ mmiri]]&lt;/span&gt;

*  
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    <title>Ọdọ Mmiri Tunis</title>
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      <text bytes="3272" sha1="7rof61fc67w9yg3inse3pkj86m1ja3p" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Natural lagoon in Tunisia}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2025}}
{{Expand French|Lac de Tunis|date=June 2012|topic=geo}}
{{Designation list
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = Complexe Lac de Tunis
| designation1_date = 23 January 2013
| designation1_number = 2096&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Complexe Lac de Tunis|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2096|accessdate=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

[[Faịlụ:Tunis_satellite.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Foto Satellite nke Tunis]]
[[Faịlụ:Lac_de_Tunis_1.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|300x300px|Ọdọ Mmiri Tunis]]
'''Ọdọ Mmiri Tunis''' (Arabic: بحيرة تونس ''Buḥayra Tūnis''; French: Lac de Tunis) bụ ọdọ mmiri eke dị n'etiti isi obodo Tunis nke Tunisia na Gulf of Tunis (Oké Osimiri Mediterenian). Ọdọ mmiri ahụ ruru square kilomita 37, n'adịghị ka nha ya, omimi ya dị obere nke ukwuu. Ọ bụbu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ebumpụta ụwa nke Tunis.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Faịlụ:La_Vera_descrittione_del_sito_della_citta_di_Tunisi_et_della_Goleta_sua_fortezza,_con_il_novo_forte_fatto_dalli_Turchi_nell'assedio_di_essa_nel_mese_d'Agosto_1574.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Tunis na 1574, na ọdọ mmiri, ọwa mmiri na La Goulette.]]
Njikọ Tunis na Carthage dị oke mkpa nye ndị Rom, ebe ọ pụtara ịchịkwa ala ime nri nke ọma. Ọdọ mmiri dị n'ebe ugwu gụnyere agwaetiti Chikly, nke bụbu ebe obibi nke ebe ndị Rom na Spen siri ike, ugbu a (kemgbe 1993) bụ ebe nchekwa okike. Ọwa dị na La Goulette jikọtara ọdọ mmiri ahụ na oké osimiri.

Dị ka onye na-ede akụkọ ihe mere eme Prudencio de Sandoval si kwuo, ọdọ mmiri ahụ jidere ihe mkpofu nke Tunis ma bụrụ nke na-adịghị omimi nke na nwoke toro ogologo nwere ike ịgafe. Ọ bụ naanị obere ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike ịbanye, na-aga n'ụzọ miri emi nke e gwupụtara site na La Goulette gaa n'aụkụ nke ọzọ ma jiri osisi mee akara. Galleys nwere ike ịbanye n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ, mana ọ bụ naanị ndị ikom na-adọkpụ ya. N'oge mmeri nke Tunis, onye isi ndị Ottoman Hayreddin Barbarossa mere ka ọtụtụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ya nọrọ n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ, na-enyere ebe e wusiri ike nke Goulette aka na artillery ha, ọ bụ ezie na ha niile mechara jide.&lt;ref&gt;Prudencio de Sandoval, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140823024017/https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/historia-de-la-vida-y-hechos-del-emperador-carlos-v--2/html/feecfcca-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_41.htm Historia de la vida y hechos del emperador Carlos V]''&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ gara n'ihu na-emebi emebi (mmụba nke ịdị elu nke ala, n'ọnọdụ a nke ala ọdọ mmiri, n'ihi nkwụsị nke ala) n'oge narị afọ nke 19. Ndị agha [[France|French]] na-achị ala ahụ gafere ọdọ mmiri ahụ na 10 kilomita n'ogologo, 450 mita n'obosara, na 6 mita miri emi. A na-eji mmiri ya eme ihe taa dị ka ụzọ awara awara maka ụgbọala na ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-ejikọ Tunis na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, La Goulette, na obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Carthage, Sidi Bou Said, na La Marsa.

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Ọgba Chinhoyi</title>
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Ọgba Chinhoyi (nke a na-akpọbu Ọgba Sinoia) bụ otu ìgwè ọgba dolomite na  laịmstone na dị n'ugwu etiti nke Zimbabwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Natural Wonders of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche|publisher=Reader's Digest Association, Inc|year=1980|isbn=0-89577-087-3|editor=Scheffel|location=United States of America|pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalwondersof00sche/page/345 345]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Ogige Ntụrụndụ Mba na 1955, nke Zimbabwe Parks &amp; Wildlife Management Authority na-achịkwa.

== Ebe ==
Ọgba ndị a dị na Makonde District, Mashonaland West Province, na ugwu etiti Zimbabwe. Ha dị ihe dị ka kilomita itoolu (mile 5.6), n'akụkụ ụzọ, n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Chinhoyi (nke bụbu Sinoia), obodo ukwu kacha nso, na ebe isi ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara na nke ógbè ahụ dị. Ebe a dị ihe dị ka kilomita 135 (mile 84), n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Harare, isi obodo ahụ. Ọgba ndị ahụ dị n'okporo ụzọ ukwu, Okporo ụzọ A-1, n'etiti Harare na Chirundu, n'ókè mba ụwa na Republic of Zambia, ihe dị ka kilomita 250 (mile 160), n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọgba ndị ahụ.

== Nchịkọta ==
E ji nkume lime na dolomite mee usoro ọgba ahụ. Isi ọgba ahụ nwere ọdọ mmiri cobalt acha anụnụ anụnụ, nke a na-akpọ Sleeping Pool ma ọ bụ Chirorodziva (&quot;Ọdọ Mmiri nke Ndị Dara&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt; Ndị na-egwu mmiri achọpụtala ụzọ mmiri si n'Ọgba Bat, obere ọnụ ụlọ nke Ọgba Ọchịchịrị, gaa n'ime ụlọ ọzọ a maara dị ka Ọgba Ndị Nwụrụ Anwụ. Enwere ike ịgba mmiri n'ọgba ndị ahụ n'afọ niile, ebe okpomọkụ anaghị agafe oke okpomọkụ nke 22 ruo 24 Celsius (72 ruo 75 Celsius) na-enweghị okpomọkụ thermocline efu. A na-ahụ ya nke ọma, ọ dịghịkwa anya nke ọma, mita 50 (160 ft) na karịa anaghị ahụkarị.Ndị otu ndị na-eme njem mmiri nke teknụzụ ndị na-egwu mmiri nke ukwuu na-eleta ebe a. Ọ bụghị ihe ọhụrụ ka ndị ọkachamara n'ịmụ mmiri na-egwu mmiri n'ebe karịrị mita 100 (ụkwụ 330) ebe a. Ebe a na-eme ụlọikwuu, nke National Parks Authority na-achịkwa, na ụlọ nkwari akụ dị n'ebe ahụ.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Aha obodo maka ọdọ mmiri ọgba ahụ, Chirorodziva (&quot;Ọdọ Mmiri nke Ndị Dara&quot;) sitere na ihe merenụ na 1830, ebe ndị otu agbụrụ Angonni wakporo ndị obodo ahụ ma tụba ndị ha gburu n'ime ọgba ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;readersnatural&quot; /&gt;

Frederick Courtney Selous buru ụzọ kọwaa ọgba nkume limestone ahụ n'afọ 1888. Ọgba ndị a bụ usoro ọgba kachasị gbasaa na Zimbabwe nke ọha mmadụ nwere ike ịnweta.

== Okpukpe ==
Ọgba ndị a nwere ebe dị mkpa n'okpukpe ọdịnala Afrịka, ebe ọgba ndị ahụ dị ka ebe a na-eme mmiri ozuzo, nke gbara oke ọhịa dị nsọ gburugburu, ebe a na-apụghị igbutu osisi site na ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kwashirai|first=Vimbai|date=2010|title=Zimbabwe's Chinhoyi Caves: 1845-1945|journal=Global Environment|volume=3|issue=5|pages=71–110|doi=10.3197/ge.2010.030504|url=http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/7554}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ogbe nke Zimbabwe
* Mpaghara nke Zimbabwe
* Akụnụba nke  Zimbabwe

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20251216212851/http://zimguide.com/chinhoyi-caves/ Ọgba Chinhoyi Zimbabwe]</text>
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'''Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina,''' nke a makwaara dịka '''Ọdọ Mmiri Salisbury''' na '''Ọdọ Mmiri Bisinia,''' bụ ọdọ mmiri dị ọhụrụ n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Uganda. Ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri satịlaịtị nke Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga, nke ọ na-asọba n'ime ya, ma ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ala mmiri papyrus jikọtara ha abụọ kpọmkwem.&lt;ref name=&quot;Green2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Green, J.|year=2009|chapter=The Kyoga Catchment|pages=205–214|editor=H.J. Dumont|title=The Nile|series=Monographiae Biologicae|publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V|isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge mmiri ozuzo na-ezo nke ukwuu, Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina nwere ike ịdị omimi ruo mita isii (ụkwụ iri abụọ) ma na-ejikọkarị ya na obere ọdọ mmiri Opeta, mana n'oge ọkọchị, ha abụọ kewapụrụ onwe ha nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mbabazi, D.|year=2009|chapter=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|pages=75–84|editor=M.O. Opige|title=Ecological baseline surveys of Lake Bisina, Lake Opeta, Lake Mburo and Nakivali wetlands systems|publisher=Kampala, Uganda, Nature Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi ==
Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina bụ otu n'ime 33 dị mkpa na Uganda, ebe kemgbe afọ 2006, ọ bụ ebe mmiri Ramsar dị mkpa maka mba ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramsar 12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ramsar Convention on Wetlands|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: Uganda|url=http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-notes-annotated-ramsar-15873/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E15873_4000_0__|accessdate=28 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107023855/http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-notes-annotated-ramsar-15873/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E15873_4000_0__|archivedate=7 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị mkpa maka azụ, ọkachasị ọtụtụ cichlids dị ka haplochromine ''Haplochromis orthostoma'',&lt;ref&gt;{{FishBase| genus=Haplochromis | species=orthostoma | month=September | year=2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''H. argenteus'' (o yiri ka ọ pụwala n'ebe dị iche iche dị na Lake Victoria), ''H. latifasciatus'', ''H. lividus'', ''H. martini'' (o yiri ka ọ pụwala n'ebe dị iche iche dị na Lake Victoria), ''H. maxillaris'', ''H. nubilus'', ''[[Haplochromis parvidens|H. parvidens]]'', ''H. phytophagus'' na ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ ndị a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wanda2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wanda, F.|year=2011|title=Herbivory of Hydrilla verticillata by Cichlid Fish in Lake Bisina, Uganda|journal=Journal of East African Natural History|volume=100|issue=1&amp;2|pages=113–121}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na e webatara perch Naịl n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina na mbido afọ 1970, nnyocha ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya achọpụtabeghị ụdị a, nke a metụtara mbibi nke ọtụtụ haplochromine cichlids n'ebe ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot; /&gt; E webatara ụfọdụ ụdị tilapia n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina, ha ka dịkwa, tinyere ụdị ndị a na-akpọ Singida na Victoria tilapias.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wanda2011&quot; /&gt; Ụdị azụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama nke dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina gụnyere azụ̀ azụ̀ e ji nkume rụọ, na ụdị azụ̀ dị iche iche catfish, African tetras na elephantfish.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot; /&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Lake_Bisinia_along_Soroti_Mbale_Highway.jpg|alt=Lake Bisinia along Soroti Mbale Highway,|thumb|'''Lake Bisinia n'akụkụ Soroti Mbale Highway''']]
Nnyocha e mere n'ime osisi mmiri dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina gosiri ụdị osisi mmiri dị n'ime akwara iri na ise tinyere Chara spp. (algae akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị iche iche). Otu nnyocha ahụ sere ụkpụrụ osisi mmiri n'ofe ọdọ mmiri ahụ ma kọọ akụkọ gbasara obodo osisi ndị metụtara omimi na nhazi mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{FishBase| genus=Haplochromis | species=orthostoma | month=September | year=2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ala mmiri dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina na-akwado nnụnụ mmiri pụrụ iche. Nnyocha Nature Uganda na-egosi ọrụ ịzụlite ụmụ anụmanụ na mkpa nchekwa nke papyrus na ebe obibi mmiri mmiri jupụtara n'oge dị na mmiri Bisina. Akụkọ nnyocha ezubere iche na-egosi na Fox's Weaver (Ploceus spekeoides) bụ ụdị anụmanụ a na-anaghị ahụkarị n'ọhịa nke jikọtara ya na ala mmiri mmiri na-ezo n'oge na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Uganda, gụnyere ebe mmiri na nsọtụ ọdọ mmiri Bisina.&lt;ref name=&quot;FoxWeaver2019&quot;&gt;{{cite report |title=Fox’s Weaver Survey Report (2019) |publisher=NatureUganda |year=2019 |url=https://natureuganda.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Foxs-Weaver-Survey-Report-2019.pdf
 |access-date=2025-12-18 |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akụkọ mmalite nke Nature Uganda na-egosi nrụgide sitere na ịkọ ihe, ịta ahịhịa, mgbanwe ala mmiri na nsị mmiri dị ka ihe egwu dị mkpa nye ọrụ ala mmiri na ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na sistemụ ala mmiri Bisina-Opeta.&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009plants&quot; /&gt; Akụkọ ubi ndị lekwasịrị anya n'ụdị anụmanụ na-egosikwa na e nwere mfu na mgbanwe ebe obibi n'ala mmiri mmiri nke mmiri na-ezo n'oge dị ka ihe iyi egwu dị mkpa maka nnụnụ mmiri ndị a na-amaghị ama nke e dekọrọ n'ime nnukwu ọdọ mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Bisina.&lt;ref name=&quot;FoxWeaver2019&quot; /&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala na sayensị mmiri ==
Ọdọ mmiri Bisina dị ihe dị ka kilomita iri na ise n'ebe ugwu nke obodo Kumi na ihe dị ka kilomita iri abụọ n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Soroti.&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009birds&quot; /&gt; Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ihe dị ka kilomita 192 ma dị ihe dị ka mita 1,050 n'elu ọkwa oké osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009site&quot;&gt;{{cite report |last=Odull |first=Michael Opige |last2=Byaruhanga |first2=Achilles |title=Ecological Baseline Surveys of Lake Bisina, Lake Opeta, Lake Mburo and Nakivali Wetlands Systems |publisher=NatureUganda (The East Africa Natural History Society) |year=2009 |url=https://nru.uncst.go.ug/bitstreams/ee4e416b-eb8d-4ae3-bf41-981de1adeae7/download |access-date=2025-12-18 |page=16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009birds&quot; /&gt; Apịtị papyrus na nnukwu idei mmiri nke jikọtara ya na Osimiri Apedura gbara ya gburugburu, nke na-asọpụ akụkụ nke Karamoja gaa n'usoro ọdọ mmiri ahụ.

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị omimi. N'ihe gbasara nnwale ubi n'etiti Febụwarị 2008 na Ọgọst 2009, omimi dị n'ebe a na-enyocha ihe dị iche iche sitere na 0.6 ruo 5.0 m, nkezi nke 2.89 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009birds&quot; /&gt;

== Ọnọdụ Ramsar na Mpaghara Nnụnụ Dị Mkpa ==
E hiwere Sistemụ Ala Mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina dị ka Ebe Ramsar na Septemba 15, 2006. Ebe a dị na Ramsar obosara ya ruru hekta 54,229 ma edepụtara ya maka mpaghara Kumi, Katakwi na Soroti.&lt;ref name=&quot;RamsarList2024&quot;&gt;{{cite report |title=The List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites) |publisher=Ramsar Convention Secretariat |date=2024-11-22 |url=https://medwet.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/RamsarSitesList_22November2024.pdf |access-date=2025-12-18 |page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kọwakwara ọdọ mmiri Bisina na nnukwu ogige mmiri Bisina-Opeta dị ka ebe dị mkpa maka nnụnụ n'ọrụ nchekwa ebe ahụ na Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009intro&quot; /&gt;

== Ndị mmadụ na ebe obibi ==
Obodo ndị gbara usoro Bisina-Opeta gburugburu na-adabere na akụrụngwa ala mmiri. Ojiji mpaghara e dekọrọ n'ọrụ mmalite gụnyere ịkụ azụ, ịgbara anụ ụlọ mmiri, na iweta ihe ndị e ji ala mmiri mee, tinyere ịgbasa ebe obibi na ịkọ ihe ubi n'ebe dị nso n'ala mmiri. Akụkọ mmalite na-ejikọkwa mmụba nke siltation na mbelata ọrụ nchekwa idei mmiri na nrụgide ala na mmiri ozuzo, gụnyere mmebi n'ime ọdọ mmiri dị n'elu mmiri na-enye usoro ahụ nri.&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009intro&quot; /&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* [[Faịlụ:Lake_Bisinia_Swamp_with_Papyrus_along_Soroti_Mbale_Highway.jpg|alt=Lake Bisinia|thumb|Foto nke Ọdọ Mmiri Bisinia]]Kapir Atiira, obodo dị nso n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina
* Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga
* [[Ọdọ Mmiri Opeta]]

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* NatureUganda (2009) baseline report (PDF): https://nru.uncst.go.ug/bitstreams/ee4e416b-eb8d-4ae3-bf41-981de1adeae7/download

* Ramsar Sites List (22 November 2024) (PDF): https://medwet.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/RamsarSitesList_22November2024.pdf

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Osimiri Blue Nile''' bụ osimiri nke malitere na Lake Tana na Etiopia. Ọ na-aga ihe dị ka kilomita 1,450 (mile 900) site na Etiopia na Sudan. Tinyere Osimiri Naịl Ọcha, ọ bụ otu n'ime nnukwu mmiri abụọ nke Osimiri Naịl ma na-enye ihe dịka 85.6% nke mmiri na Osimiri Naịl n'oge mmiri ozuzo.

== Usoro ọmụmụ ==
A kọwala ogologo osimiri ahụ site na isi iyi ya ruo na njikọ ya dị n'etiti kilomita 1,460 na 1,600 (mile 910 na 990). Ihe a nwere ike ịbụ na osimiri ahụ na-asọfe n'ọtụtụ ndagwurugwu ndị a na-apụghị ịbanye n'ime ha nke a gbubiri n'Ugwu Etiopia ruo omimi nke ihe dị ka mita 1,500 (ụkwụ 4,900). Dịka akwụkwọ ndị Central Statistical Agency, otu ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị Etiopia bipụtara si kwuo, Osimiri Blue Nile nwere ogologo zuru oke nke kilomita 1,450 (mi 900), nke kilomita 800 (mi 500) dị n'ime Etiopia.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&amp;view=doc&amp;id=184&amp;format=raw&amp;Itemid=466 &quot;Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113215000/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&amp;view=doc&amp;id=184&amp;format=raw&amp;Itemid=466 |date=13 November 2010 }}, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009) &lt;/ref&gt;

=== Na Etiopia ===
Osimiri Blue Nile malitere na Gish Abay dị na Sekela na Etiopia (ebe a na-akpọ ya Osimiri Abay). Osimiri ahụ na-asọgakarị n'ebe ndịda tupu ọ banye n'osimiri dị ihe dị ka kilomita 400 (maịlụ 250) n'ogologo, ihe dị ka kilomita 30 (maịlụ 19) site na Ọdọ Mmiri Tana, nke bụ nnukwu ihe mgbochi maka njem na nkwukọrịta n'etiti ugwu na ndịda Etiopia. Ndị otu Britain kpọburu ndagwurugwu ahụ &quot;Grand Canyon&quot; na 1968, wee malite ịgbada osimiri ahụ site na Lake Tana ruo na njedebe nke ndagwurugwu ahụ; u rafting osimiri ndị sochirinụ kpọrọ ya &quot;Grand Canyon nke Naịl&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzx5qS4AvzwC&amp;dq=%22Grand+Canyon+of+the+Nile%22&amp;pg=PA37|title=Breakthroughs: An Integrated Advanced English Program|first=Marina|author=Engelking|date=15 April 2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-542738-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; TheMmiri Blue Nile (Amharic: Tis Abay, nke pụtara &quot;ọkụ dị mma&quot;), otu n'ime ebe ndị njem nleta kachasị na Etiopia, dị na mmalite nke ndagwurugwu ahụ

Osimiri ahụ na-agbagharị gafee ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Etiopia tupu ọtụtụ mmiri dị n'etiti ọdọ mmiri Tana na ókèala Etiopia-Sudan na-enye ya nri. Ndị nọ n'akụkụ aka ekpe ya, n'usoro ala, gụnyere Osimiri Wanqa, Osimiri Bashilo, Osimiri Walaqa, Osimiri Wanchet, Osimiri Jamma, Osimiri Muger, Osimiri Guder, Osimiri Agwel, Osimiri Nedi, Osimiri Didessa na Osimiri Dabus. Ndị nọ n'akụkụ aka nri, dịkwa n'usoro ala, gụnyere Handassa, Tul, Abaya, Sade, Tammi, Cha, Shita, Suha, Muga, Gulla, Temcha, Bachat, Katlan, Jiba, Chamoga, Weter na Beles.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huntingford&quot;&gt;These lists are based on the compilation in G.W.B. Huntingford, ''Historical Geography of Ethiopia from the first century AD to 1704'' (London: British Academy, 1989), p. 34&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Na Sudan ===
[[Faịlụ:Whiteandblueniles.jpg|alt=|thumb|Foto satịlaịtị nke ebe White na Blue Nile jikọtara ọnụ]]
Osimiri Blue Nile na-aga n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ ruo Sudan. Ọ na-aga ihe dị ka kilomita 650 (mile 400), na-agafe Er Roseires wee nata Osimiri Dinder n'akụkụ aka nri ya na Dinder. Na Khartoum, Osimiri Blue Nile na-esonye na Osimiri White Nile, dịka Osimiri Nile si dị, ọ na-agafe Ijipt ruo Oké Osimiri Mediterenian na Alexandria.

== Mmiri mmiri ==
[[Faịlụ:Zusammenfluss_der_Nile.JPG|alt=|thumb|Njikọta nke osimiri Naịl Blue na White dị nso Khartoum, isi obodo Sudan]]
Mmiri nke Osimiri Blue Nile na-eru oke kachasị n'oge mmiri ozuzo site na June ruo Septemba, mgbe ọ na-enye 80–86% nke mmiri nke Osimiri Nile kwesịrị ekwesị. Osimiri ahụ bụ isi iyi nke idei mmiri nke Naịl n'Ijipt nke nyere aka mee ka Ndagwurugwu Naịl dị mma ma mee ka akụkọ ifo Ijipt oge ochie na nke ndị Ijipt pụta ìhè. Mgbe e mechara mmiri Aswan na 1970, idei mmiri ndị a kwụsịrị ime na ala Ijipt. N'oge ọkọchị, mmiri ozuzo, idei mmiri Blue Nile, na-ebibi nnukwu ala na-eme nri site na Ugwu Etiopia ma na-ebuga ya n'ala dị ka ájá, na-eme ka mmiri ahụ gbaa ọchịchịrị ma ọ bụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ aja aja ma ọ bụ ojii.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Its Origin, Falls, and Gorge|url=http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820192901/http://www.dinkneshethiopiatour.com/index.htm|archivedate=20 August 2015|accessdate=11 October 2015|publisher=Dinknesh Ethiopia Tour}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Osimiri Naịl dị oke mkpa maka ndụ Ijipt: dịka akụkụ kachasị mkpa nke Naịl, ọ na-enye ihe karịrị 85% nke mmiri Naịl. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị mkpụmkpụ karịa Naịl Ọcha, pasentị iri ise na itoolu nke mmiri ruru Ijipt sitere n'ugwu Etiopia site na Naịl Anụnụ. Osimiri ahụ bụkwa ebe dị mkpa maka Sudan, ebe Roseires Dam na Sennar Dam na-enye aka na pasentị iri asatọ nke mmepụta ọkụ eletrik mba ahụ site na ike mmiri. Ọdọ mmiri ndị a na-enyekwa aka ịgba mmiri n'ime atụmatụ Gezira, nke a ma ama maka oke mma ya dị elu nke owu, yana mmepụta ihe ubi wit na nri anụmanụ n'ógbè ahụ.

Na Nọvemba afọ 2012, Etiopia malitere iwu mgbidi mmiri Grand Ethiopia Renaissance Dam, nke nwere ike megawatt 6000 n'akụkụ osimiri ahụ. A na-atụ anya na ọdọ mmiri ahụ ga-eme ka akụnụba Etiopia dịkwuo mma. Ma, mba Sudan na mba Ijipt kwupụtara nchegbu ha gbasara mbelata mmiri dị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation
 |url               = http://www.trust.org/item/?map=nile-dam-project-a-hydropower-hope-but-regional-sore-point
 |title             = Ethiopia: Nile Dam Project a Hydropower Hope, but Regional Sore Point
 |year              = 2012
 |publisher         = [[Thomson Reuters Foundation]]
 |location = [[Africa]]
 |access-date        = 9 July 2015
 |url-status           = live
 |archive-url        = https://web.archive.org/web/20150714191513/http://www.trust.org/item/?map=nile-dam-project-a-hydropower-hope-but-regional-sore-point
 |archive-date       = 14 July 2015
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmepụta ọkụ eletrik malitere na Febụwarị 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60451702|title=Ethiopia starts generating power from River Nile dam|work=BBC News|date=20 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Faịlụ:Completed_new_Sebara_Dildiy_bridge.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Àkwà mmiri nkwụsịtụ nke dị n'elu Osimiri Naịl Blue. Ọ bụ naanị àkwà mmiri eriri ndị na-eje ije na-agafe Osimiri Naịl Blue na Etiopia.]]
[[Faịlụ:Bridges_across_the_Blue_Nile_Gorge.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọdọ Mmiri Naịl Blue dị na Etiopia.]]
Ijipt Egwna-atụ egwu Etiopia nwere ike igbochi Blue Nile bụ isi ihe kpatara mmekọrịta dị ogologo ma dị mgbagwoju anya dị n'etiti Etiopia na Ijipt. WhiỌ bụ ezie na Ijipt tụkwasịrị Etiopia obi maka mmiri ya, Etiopia dabere na Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate nke Alexandria maka ikike nna ochie na nhọpụta nke obodo ukwu yahiNjikọta a emeela ka ihe ndị mere kemgbe narị afọ nke iri na otuorRuo ọtụtụ narị afọ, iyi egwu nke igbochi Osimiri Blue Nile bụ atụmatụ dị irè iji hụ na a họpụtara ndị isi obodo Ijipt. Agbanyeghị, n'ọrụ, a nwaghị ịgbanwe mmiri osimiri ahụ ma ọ bụ iji ya mee ihe n'ụzọ buru ibu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Uhlig|first=Siegbert|title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C|date=2003|pages=27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nsogbu mbụ pụtara n'oge ọchịchị Eze Zagwe Gebre Mesqel Lalibela, onye ndị Ijipt chere na ọ na-agbalị ịtụgharị osimiri ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na alaeze ya eruteghị Osimiri Naịl Anụnụ. Ọ bụ Eze Ukwu Amda Seyon nke Mbụ buru ụzọ biri na mpaghara Blue Nile wee malite ịgbasa Iso Ụzọ Kraịst ebe ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Uhlig|first=Siegbert|title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C|date=2003|pages=27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị Eze Ukwu nke usoro ndị eze Solomon, ọkachasị Dawit nke Abụọ, Yeshaq nke Mbụ, na Zara Yaqob, gara n'ihu na-ekwusi ike na ọchịchị Etiopia dị n'osimiri ahụ dịka ngwa ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ha mekwara ka echiche a sikwuo ike n'okwu okpukpe, na-akọwapụta Blue Nile na Gihon nke dị na Baịbụl ma na-agbanwe Tammera Maryam ka o wee kwado ikike ha nwere n'elu mmiri. Akụkọ ifo ndị Yuropu oge ochie gbasara Etiopia dị ike nke Ndị Kraịst nke na-enyere aka na mbibi nke Alakụba mere ka mkpa nke Blue Nile dị na mmekọrịta Ethio-Egypt dịkwuo elu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Uhlig|first=Siegbert|title=Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: A-C|date=2003|pages=27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye mbụ a maara na Yuropu hụrụ Osimiri Naịl Naịl Blue na Etiopia, ebe osimiri ahụ si bịa, bụ Pedro Páez, onye Spen bụ Jesuit nke rutere n'isi iyi osimiri ahụ na 21 Eprel 1618. Agbanyeghị, João Bermudes, onye Portugal, onye kpọrọ onwe ya &quot;Patriarch nke Etiopia&quot;, nyere nkọwa mbụ nke Tis Abay River Falls n'akwụkwọ ncheta ya nke e bipụtara na 1565, na ọtụtụ ndị Yuropu bi na Etiopia na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 15 dịka Pêro da Covilhã gaara ahụ osimiri ahụ ogologo oge tupu Páez, mana ha eruteghị ebe o si bịa. Onye ozi ala ọzọ nke ndị Pọtugal bụ́ Jerónimo Lobo, onye na-eme nchọpụta na Scotland, rutere ebe Osimiri Naịl si apụta n'afọ 1629, na 1770, onye nchọpụta na Scotland bụ́ James Bruce ruru ya.

Ọ bụ ezie na ndị nchọpụta Yuropu chere echiche ịchọpụta ụzọ Osimiri Naịl site na njikọ Blue Nile na White Nile ruo n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana, Ọwa Mmiri Blue Nile emeghị ka mgbalị niile ghara isi ike kemgbe Frédéric Cailliaud gbalịrị ime ya n'afọ 1821. Onye America bụ́ W.W. Macmillan mere mgbalị mbụ siri ike nke onye na-abụghị onye obodo iji chọpụta ókè osimiri a ruru n'ókèala ya na 1902, onye nchọpụta nke mba Norway bụ́ B.H. Jenssen nyeere aka; Jenssen si Khartoum gbagoo n'elu osimiri ebe Macmillan si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana gbadaa. Agbanyeghị, ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahụ gbachiri ụgbọ mmiri Jenssen n'ebe dị nso n'ókèala Sudan na Etiopia, ụgbọ mmiri Macmillan gbawara obere oge ka e buliri ha. Macmillan gbara Jenssen ume ka ọ gbalịa ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri site na Khartoum ọzọ na 1905, mana a manyere ya ịkwụsị kilomita 500 (maịlụ 300) site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana.&lt;ref&gt;Alan Moorehead, ''The Blue Nile'', revised edition (New York: Harper and Row, 1972), pp.&amp;nbsp;319f&lt;/ref&gt; Robert Cheesman, onye dere ihe ijuanya ya mgbe ọ bịarutere Etiopia mgbe ọ chọpụtara na mmiri dị n'elu nke &quot;otu n'ime osimiri kachasị ama ama n'ụwa, otu onye ndị ochie maara aha ya nke ọma&quot; n'oge ndụ ya &quot;e ji ahịrị ntụpọ mara ya na map ahụ&quot;, nwere ike ịse foto nke elu nke Blue Nile n'etiti 1925 na 1933. O mere nke a ọ bụghị site n'ịso osimiri ahụ n'akụkụ ya na site n'ọwara mmiri ya a na-apụghị ịgafe agafe kama site n'ịgbaso ya site n'ugwu dị n'elu, na-eji ịnyịnya ibu aga ihe dị ka kilomita 8,000 (maịlụ 5,000) n'akụkụ obodo dị nso.&lt;ref&gt;Cheesman, pp.&amp;nbsp;358–374.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1950 na 1960, ọtụtụ ndị na-anya kayak na-agbagharị n'akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ndagwurugwu ahụ. Na 1968, dịka Haile Selassie si kwuo, otu ndị agha na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị dị mmadụ iri isii nke ndị Britain na ndị Etiopia batara n'osimiri ahụ site n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana ruo ebe dị nso n'ókèala Sudan nke onye nchọpụta bụ́ John Blashford-Snell duziri.&lt;ref&gt;Snailham, Richard. 1970. ''The Blue Nile Revealed''. London: Chatto and Windus.&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị otu ahụ jiri ụgbọ mmiri Avon Inflatables nke e wuru n'ụzọ pụrụ iche ma gbanwee ụgbọ mmiri mwakpo ndị e ji aka ha mee iji kwọọ ụgbọ mmiri ndị dị egwu. Njem ụgbọ mmiri ndị sochirinụ n'afọ 1970 na 1980 na-ekpuchi naanị akụkụ nke ndagwurugwu osimiri ahụ.

Na 1999, onye edemede bụ Virginia Morell &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp|title=Blue Nile: Ethiopia's River of Magic and Mystery - Bookreporter.com|work=bookreporter.com|accessdate=3 May 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608171628/http://www.bookreporter.com/reviews/0792279514.asp|archivedate=8 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye na-ese foto Nevada Wier mere njem ahụ site n'ụgbọ mmiri si n'Ọdọ Mmiri Tana gaa Sudan, na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara njem ha mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/|title=Blue Nile @ nationalgeographic.com|publisher=Ngm.nationalgeographic.com|accessdate=27 January 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006021132/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0012/feature1/|archivedate=6 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2000, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ akụkọ American na National Geographic, Kenneth Frantz, hụrụ foto Nevada Wier sere maka National Geographic nke ga-eme ka ọ chọta ụlọ ọrụ ebere ahụ. Foto a gosiri àkwà mmiri gbawara agbawa n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ebe mmadụ iri nọ n'akụkụ abụọ nke ogwe ahụ gbawara agbawa na-adọkpụ ibe ha site na iji eriri. Eze Ukwu Fasilides wuru àkwà mmiri akụkọ ihe mere eme a n'ihe dị ka afọ 1660 site n'iji teknụzụ àkwà mmiri ndị Rom wetara Etiopia site n'aka ndị agha Portugal n'oge agha ha na ndị Alakụba wakporo na 1507.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Baynes|first=Thomas Spencer|title=The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, Volume 1|year=1838|publisher=Henry G. Allen and Company|edition=Ninth|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TKcMAAAAYAAJ|chapter=Abyssinia}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2001 na 2009, ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo Bridges to Prosperity si mba Amerịka gaa rụzie àkwà mmiri gbawara agbawa n'ofe Osimiri Blue Nile wee mechaa wuo àkwà mmiri ọhụrụ nke na-anaghị emetụta ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/|title=Envisioning a world where poverty caused by rural isolation no longer exists|publisher=Bridges to Prosperity|accessdate=27 January 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112041000/http://www.bridgestoprosperity.org/|archivedate=12 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 28 Eprel 2004, ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ala Pasquale Scaturro na onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ, onye na-eme kayak na onye na-eme ihe nkiri ihe nkiri Gordon Brown, ghọrọ ndị mbụ a maara iji mmiri na-agagharị na Blue Nile n'ozuzu ya. Ọ bụ ezie na njem ha gụnyere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, Brown na Scaturro bụ naanị ndị fọdụrụ na njem ahụ dum. Ha jiri igwefoto IMAX na kamera vidiyo abụọ ejiri aka dee akụkọ banyere njem ha, na-akọ akụkọ ha na fim ahụ bụ Mystery of the Nile na n'akwụkwọ nwere otu aha ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;Richard Bangs and Pasquale Scaturro, ''Mystery of the Nile''. New York: New American Library, 2005&lt;/ref&gt;

Na ụbọchị iri abụọ na itoolu nke ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2005, onye Canada bụ Les Jickling na onye otu ya bụ Mark Tanner, onye New Zealand, mechara njem mbụ nke Blue Nile na Nile zuru oke site n'aka mmadụ na Sudan na Egypt. Njem ha nke karịrị kilomita 5,000 (maịlụ 3,100) were ọnwa ise wee gaa njem site na Etiopia, Sudan, na Ijipt. Ha kọrọ na ha ji ụgbọ mmiri gafee ebe agha obodo, ebe a maara maka ndị ohi, ma hụkwa ọtụtụ ihe egwu na ọsọ ọsọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm|title=Department - Alumni Association|work=web.uvic.ca|accessdate=1 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202121003/http://web.uvic.ca/torch/torch2005s/dept_alumni_4.htm|archivedate=2 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* Ndepụta osimiri Etiopia
* Ndepụta osimiri nke Sudan 

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070506010335/http://www.aber.ac.uk/quaternary/tana/ The Tana Project]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080512003609/http://www.niletrip.com/ Paddling the Blue Nile]
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|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |[[File:Barrage_Sidi_El_Barraq.jpg|frameless]]&lt;div class=&quot;infobox-caption&quot;&gt;N'elu mmiri na ọdọ mmiri&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Location map/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;locmap&quot; style=&quot;width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width:240px;padding:0&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:relative;width:240px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Tunisian_Republic_location_map_Topographic.png|class=notpageimage noviewer|453x453px|Sidi El Barrak Dam is located in Tunisia]]&lt;div class=&quot;od notheme&quot; style=&quot;top:8.77%;left:36.944%;font-size:91%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;id&quot; style=&quot;left:-4px;top:-4px&quot;&gt;[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Sidi El Barrak Dam]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pr&quot; style=&quot;width:6em;left:5px&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ọdọ Mmiri Sidi El Barrak&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding-top:0.2em&quot;&gt;Ebe dị na Tunisia&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Aha gọọmentị&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ihe mgbochi mmiri Sidi El Barrak
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Mba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Tunisia
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Njikọ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-inline&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sidi_el_Barrak_Dam&amp;params=37_01_29_N_08_56_11_E_type:landmark_region:TN &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;37°01′29′′N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;08°56′11′′E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;/&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x6F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x5F;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECC;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x7A;&amp;#x69;&amp;#x65;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x6E;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x1ECD;&amp;#x20;&amp;#x62;&amp;#x1EE5;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;37.02472°N 8.93639°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;﻿ / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;37.02472; 8.93639&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;indicator name=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;coordinates&quot;&gt;[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sidi_el_Barrak_Dam&amp;params=37_01_29_N_08_56_11_E_type:landmark_region:TN &lt;span class=&quot;geo-default&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dms&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;latitude&quot;&gt;37°01′29″N&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;longitude&quot;&gt;08°56′11″E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-multi-punct&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &amp;#xfeff;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-nondefault&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;geo-dec&quot; title=&quot;Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location&quot;&gt;37.02472°N 8.93639°E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#xfeff; / &lt;span class=&quot;geo&quot;&gt;37.02472; 8.93639&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/indicator&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ihe owuwu malitere&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |1994
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụbọchị mmeghe&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2000
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color:skyblue; color:inherit;&quot; |Mmiri na mmiri na-asọba
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ụdị mmiri&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ebe a na-anọ eme mmiri
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ihe ndị a na-eme ka ha ghara ịdị mma
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Osimiri Oued Zouara
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ogologo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |30 m (98 ft) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ogologo
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |500 m (1,640 ft) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe mgbochi mmiri&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2,700,000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (3,531,467 cu yd) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ikike nke ụzọ mmiri&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |517 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s (18,258 cu ft/s) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; style=&quot;background-color:skyblue; color:inherit;&quot; |Ebe a na-echekwa mmiri
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ngụkọta nke ikike&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |264,000,000 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (214,028 [[Akụkụ ụkwụ|acre⋅ft]]) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
|- class=&quot;infobox-hiddenrow&quot;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-below&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-header&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height:1.5;text-align:center;border-style:solid;border-width:4px;border-color:#8DE3D2&quot;&gt;Ala Mmiri Ramsar&lt;/div&gt;
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; &quot;&gt;Aha gọọmentị&lt;/div&gt;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Ihe mgbochi mmiri nke Sidi El Barrak
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ndị a họpụtara
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2 Febụwarị 2012
|- class=&quot;mergedrow&quot;
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Ihe odide no.&amp;nbsp;
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2017 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Barrage de Sidi El Barrak|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2017|accessdate=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
|}

'''Ọdọ Mmiri Sidi El Barrak''' bụ ebe a na-adọba mmiri nke dị kilomita iri na asatọ (mile iri na otu) n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Tabarka na kilomita abụọ (mile otu) site n'Oké Osimiri Mediterenian n'akụkụ Osimiri Oued Zouara na Beja Governorate, Tunisia. E wuru ya n'etiti afọ 1994 na 2000, isi ihe mere e ji rụọ ya bụ mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sidi el Barrak|url=http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/tunisie/sidi-el-barrak/|publisher=Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika|accessdate=22 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ mmepe Sidi el Barrak, a na-agba mmiri echekwara na dam ahụ gaa na Seyjame Dam, na ọnụego nke 265,000,000 m3 (214,839 acre⋅ft) kwa afọ. A na-enye mmiri a na Tunis, Cap Bon na Sahel, tinyere Sfax maka ojiji obodo yana ọrụ ugbo. Emechara ọrụ ahụ dum na 2002.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sidi el Barrak Dam Completion Report|url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/ADB-BD-IF-2004-111-EN-TUNISIA-SIDI-EL-BARRAK-DAM-CONSTRUCTION-PCR-DEC.PDF|publisher=African Development Bank|accessdate=22 August 2011|date=November 2002|archivedate=20 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320054153/http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/ADB-BD-IF-2004-111-EN-TUNISIA-SIDI-EL-BARRAK-DAM-CONSTRUCTION-PCR-DEC.PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ọzara Machar</title>
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'''Machar Marshes''' bụ nnukwu mpaghara nke [[Mmiri mmiri|ala mmiri]] na steeti Upper Nile, [[South Sudan]]. Atụmatụ nha ha dị iche iche. Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 1950 gosiri na ebe ala mmiri ahụ dị puku isii na narị ise 6,500 &amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Sutcliffe and Parks, p.107&lt;/ref&gt;  Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 1980 gosiri na ebe apịtị na-adịgide adịgide dị. 8,700&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, 60% nke ahịhịa na oke ọhịa dị n'ime ya.&lt;ref&gt;Sutcliffe and Parks, p.113&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-enye mmiri sitere na Khor Machar (nke na-ekesa osimiri Baro), Osimiri Yabus na Osimiri Daga. N'oge mmiri dị elu, a na-erikwa ha site na mwụfu sitere na Osimiri Pibor. Osimiri Adar na-ekpochapụ ala mmiri ndị ahụ, nke dị n'akụkụ osimiri Naịl na-acha ọcha

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{Cite book|author=Sutcliffe|first=J.V.|title=The Hydrology of the Nile|year=1999|chapter=The Sobat Basin and the Machar Marshes|url=http://iahs.info/bluebooks/SP005/BB_005_0103.pdf|accessdate=2011-07-22}}
* {{Cite web|author=P.P. Howell and Mahmoud Eff. Abu Sineina|title=Game in the Machar Marshes|year=c. 1951|url=http://www.sudanarchive.net/cgi-bin/pagessoa?a=pdf&amp;d=Dunepd77&amp;dl=1|accessdate=2011-07-22|archivedate=2019-12-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215030713/https://www.sudanarchive.net/cgi-bin/pagessoa?a=pdf&amp;d=Dunepd77&amp;dl=1}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ọdọ Mmiri Bot</title>
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      <text bytes="5767" sha1="k1n5zpfbf2qwb4sb6drc63eoxx7wt43" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Section of the Bot-Kleinmond Estuarine System}}
{{Use South African English|date = April 2024}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Bot - Kleinmond Estuarine System
| alt_name = Botriviervlei
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=yes
| id1=Q61361433|type1=shape|fill-colour1=#4271ae|stroke-colour1=#4271ae|
stroke-width1=1|title1=Bot - Kleinmond Estuarine System (Ramsar wetland)}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|-34.34|19.12|display=inline,title}}
| module = {{Designation list
| embed                = yes
| designation1         = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = Bot - [[Kleinmond]] Estuarine System
| designation1_date    = 31 January 2017
| designation1_number  = 2291&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bot - Kleinmond Estuarine System|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2291|access-date=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
}}
 
[[Faịlụ:Prinia_maculosa_-Rooisands_Nature_Reserve,_near_Bot_River_Lagoon,_South_Africa-8.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Karoo prinia na Rooisands Nature Reserve, n'akụkụ Osimiri Bot]]
Bot River Estuary, nke a makwaara dị ka Bot River Lagoon, bụ akụkụ nke Bot-Kleinmond Estuarine System na mpaghara Overberg na Western Cape nke South Africa. Ọ ghọrọ ala mmiri Ramsar na 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot; /&gt; Ọ dị n'ime Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve.

== Ọdịdị ala ==
Ala mmiri a bụ ọnụ Osimiri Bot, aha obodo Botrivier. Ọdọ mmiri ahụ ruru ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 13.6 km2 (5.3 sq mi)&lt;ref name=&quot;manage&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://saeis.saeon.ac.za/Archive/Literature/Reports/C.A.P.E/iRAP_Bot-Kleinmond%20SA_2009.pdf|title=Eastuary Management Plan for the Bot/Kleinmand estuarine system Overberg region Western Cape|accessdate=10 November 2019|date=February 2009|publisher=Western Cape Nature Conservation Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

A na-ekewa mmiri ọdọ mmiri ahụ site na oke osimiri site na eriri ájá dị obosara nke mita 100 ruo 200 (330 ruo 660) nke dị elu nke mita 3 ruo 6 (9.8 ruo 19.7) nke ahịhịa na osisi ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri kpuchiri. Ala ndị ahụ nwere obere osisi abụọ dị warara nke a na-agbaji n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa ma ọ bụ site n'aka mmadụ. Akụkụ bụ isi nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ nwere ike inwe ogologo ruo kilomita 7 (mile 4.3) na obosara ihe dị ka kilomita 2 (mile 1.2). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.westerncapebirding.co.za/conservation/585/cape_whale_coast_important_bird_and_biodiversity_area|title=Cape whale coast and important bird and biodiversity area|date=25 November 2015|accessdate=10 November 2019|publisher=Western Cape Birding|archivedate=10 November 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110040048/http://www.westerncapebirding.co.za/conservation/585/cape_whale_coast_important_bird_and_biodiversity_area}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rooisand Nature Reserve na-ewe ihe dị ka 60% nke ihu ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Ọ bụ CapeNature na-elekọta ebe nchekwa okike ahụ ma bụrụkwa ebe nchekwa okpomọkụ nke Provincial. Akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-ejikarị mmepe obibi. Ala ugbo gbara isi ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị n'akụkụ ime obodo gburugburu.&lt;ref name=&quot;manage&quot; /&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://saeis.saeon.ac.za/Archive/Literature/Reports/C.A.P.E/iRAP_Bot-Kleinmond%20SA_2009.pdf|title=Eastuary Management Plan for the Bot/Kleinmand estuarine system Overberg region Western Cape|accessdate=10 November 2019|date=February 2009|publisher=Western Cape Nature Conservation Board}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://saeis.saeon.ac.za/Archive/Literature/Reports/C.A.P.E/iRAP_Bot-Kleinmond%20SA_2009.pdf &quot;Eastuary Management Plan for the Bot/Kleinmand estuarine system Overberg region Western Cape&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmekọrịta gburugburu ebe obibi ==
N'oge ọkọchị, Lagoon bụ ebe mgbaba maka nnụnụ mmiri, nke a pụrụ ịchọta ụdị 86 ebe a.&lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ramsar.org/news/south-africa-designates-the-bot-kleinmond-estuarine-system-as-a-ramsar-site|title=South Africa designates the Bot-Kleinmond Estuarine System as a Ramsar Site|date=30 March 2017|accessdate=10 November 2019|publisher=Ramsar.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ramsar.org/news/south-africa-designates-the-bot-kleinmond-estuarine-system-as-a-ramsar-site &quot;South Africa designates the Bot-Kleinmond Estuarine System as a Ramsar Site&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Coots na-abịa afọ ole na ole n'ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu. Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ nnụnụ ahụ na-adịgasị iche iche site n'afọ ruo n'afọ dabere na mgbanwe nke omimi mmiri na ogo yana otu esi ejikọta ala mmiri na oké osimiri.

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ bụkwa ebe dị mkpa maka ụmụ [[Fish|azụ]]. A na-edekọ ụdị azụ iri anọ na otu ebe a, nke iri na itoolu n'ime ha dabere na ọnụ mmiri dị otú ahụ maka ndụ ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot;/&gt;

Ụdị ndị na-awakpo, ọkachasị Acacia cyclops na African clawed frogs, bụ ihe na-arịwanye elu na ala mmiri. Ndị bi na ndị ezumike na-enwe mmasị [[Iku azu|ịkụ azụ]], igwu mmiri, ịkwọ Ụgbọ mmiri, na ịnya ụgbọ mmiri ebe a. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2026)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://madikwesafarilodge.co.za/ Madikwe Safari Lodge]
* [https://showme.co.za/tourism/birding-the-bot-river-lagoon-rooisand-nature-reserve/ Isiokwu Nleta Banyere Nlegharị Anya Nnụnụ]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aydar Akhatov</title>
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      <comment>/* Akụkọ ndụ */</comment>
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      <text bytes="10165" sha1="suxtrr5mv344q6gty3lggxdgviruic9" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Russian lawyer and economist (born 1957)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name        = Akhatov, Aydar Gabdulkhaevich&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Russian language|Rus.]] Ахатов, Айдар Габдулхаевич&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[Tatar language|Tat.]] Əхәтов, Айдар Габделхәй улы&lt;/small&gt;
| image       = Aydar Akhatov (Germany, 2010).jpg
| alt         =
| caption     = Aydar Akhatov (Germany, 2010)
| birth_date  = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1957|06|20}}
| birth_place = [[Tobolsk]], [[Tyumen]] Oblast, [[Russian SFSR]], Soviet Union
| alma_mater  = [[Kazan State University]], [[Bashkir State University]], [[Saint Petersburg Mining Institute]], [[UCLA]]
| death_date  =
| death_place =
| known_for   = President of the company &quot;CITY&quot;, economist, president of the first environmental fund in the USSR / Russia, author of the first Russian ecological encyclopedia, ecologist, artist
| occupation  = Lawyer, economist, ecologist
| awards      = [[File:Statuette of Award &quot;Entrepreneur of the Year&quot;.jpg|33px]]
| spouse      =
| website     = {{URL|www.akhatov-a.ru}}
| signature   = 
}}

==Akụkọ ndụ==
Aydar Akhatov bụ ọkachamara mba ụwa n'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na ụzọ njikwa akụ na ụba nke nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;gabdulkhaevich24&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;eurasian-defence1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.eurasian-defence.ru/node/7987|title=Centre for Military and Political Studies: Akhatov Aydar Gabdulkhaevich|access-date=21 May 2013|archive-date=5 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105073537/http://eurasian-defence.ru/node/7987|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Um2dJa9sEH8|title=TV: Экологические проблемы:отходы / Ecological Problems: Waste|date=25 May 2009 |via=www.youtube.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;VIPERSON: Aydar Akhatov&quot;&gt;[http://gaidar.viperson.ru/wind.php?ID=5122 VIPERSON: Aydar Akhatov] {{in lang|ru|en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Onyeisi oche nke Kọmishọn nke ndị ọkachamara, onye otu Presidium nke Kọnsụl Elu Ecological na Steeti Duma nke Russian Federation (1997–2008).[5] DSc na Akụnụba (1998).
Ọkammụta nke Mahadum Russia nke Humanities. Ọkammụta nke International Academy of Ecology, Man and Nature Protection Sciences (General Consultative state of Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) nke United Nations). Ọkammụta nke International Informatisational Academy nke (General Consultative state of Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) nke United Nations). Ọ gụchara akwụkwọ atọ dị elu na [[Russian Federation]] (akụnụba, iwu, gburugburu ebe obibi-geographical), Aydar Akhatov gụchara akwụkwọ [[UCLA]]. Otu n'ime ndị guzobere na ndị ndu nke mmegharị gburugburu ebe obibi na Russia. Ọ bụ onye sonyere na onye nhazi nke ọtụtụ ogbako mba ụwa na ogbako maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.

&lt;ref name=&quot;viperson2&quot; /&gt; The delegate of the First All-Russian Congress on Environmental Protection (the delegate from the [[Republic of Tatarstan]]), Moscow, 3–5 June 1995.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wiwrf.ru/members/person_18478.html Who's Who in Russia: Aydar Akhatov.]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42075421 The Materials of the All-Russian Congress on Nature Protection, 3–5 June 1995] {{in lang|en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/russia/arf_meet.htm EIS/RF Meetings used as information sources: The All-Russian Congress on Environmental Protection. The Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation, and the Inter-Agency Commission on Ecological Safety of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 3–5 June 1995] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119234617/http://enrin.grida.no/htmls/russia/arf_meet.htm |date=19 January 2008 }} {{in lang|en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aydar Akhatov mepụtara usoro nke usoro akụ na ụba maka ijikwa ihe ndị sitere n'okike na ichekwa gburugburu ebe obibi n'oge mgbanwe gaa n'usoro ahịa (1990).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wiw-rf.ru/members/person_18478.html|title=АХАТОВ АЙДАР ГАБДУЛХАЕВИЧ (Президент, член Совета директоров ОАО &quot;СИТИ&quot; - управляющей компании по строительству и развитию &quot;Московского Международного Делового Центра &quot;Москва-Сити&quot;, г. Москва) / Наши участники / КТО ЕСТЬ КТО в России|website=www.wiw-rf.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; O dabere na nke mbụ na USSR / Russia kwụsịrị mmefu ego steeti gburugburu ebe obibi na ikike nke onye iwu (1990), si otú ahụ malite ịmalite usoro nke ego steeti mmefu ego na akụkụ dị iche iche na mba ahụ. Onye nchoputa nke mbụ na USSR / Russia municipal sanitary-ecological police (1990),&lt;ref name=&quot;famous-scientists1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://famous-scientists.ru/anketa/ahatov-ajdar-gabdulhaevich-3626|title=доктор экономических наук Ахатов Айдар Габдулхаевич|website=famous-scientists.ru}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke ghọrọ ihe nlereanya nke imepụta ihe owuwu ndị yiri ya n'ọtụtụ mpaghara nke mba ahụ, gụnyere Moscow. Aydar Akhatov bụ onye dere akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu mbụ nke akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma Russia bụ &quot;Ecology&quot; (mbipụta nke mbụ 1994, mbipụta nke abụọ 1995). Maka oge mbụ o mepụtara usoro nke nkọwa na iwepụ ụgwọ ụlọ.
&lt;ref name=&quot;famous-scientists1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Razovsky Yu.V. Mining rent. – Moscow: Economics, 2000, p. 31. {{ISBN|978-5-282-01991-9}} {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nugaev R.A. Otu esi emeri nsogbu miri emi nke usoro dị iche iche na Russia site n'iji &quot;ọlaedo ojii&quot; (nnyocha akwụkwọ: Akhatov Aydar. Akụrụngwa mmanụ na gas nke Russia na mgbanwe narị afọ. – Moscow: &quot;Nedra&quot;, 1998. {{ISBN|978-5-247-03805-4}}) / Akwụkwọ akụkọ &quot;Science of Tatarstan&quot;, 1999, Nke 1, peeji nke 95-96. {{n'asụsụ|Russian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ọ bụkwa onye dere ụfọdụ atụmatụ iwu gọọmentị etiti na nke mpaghara (Tatarstan), ma na-enye nkọwa gbasara iwu ndị metụtara ngalaba akụ ndị sitere n'okike.
&lt;ref name=&quot;famous-scientists1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/soc_gum/ekhp/2013_1/files/st18.pdf Ivanchenkova L.V. Natural rent and environmental tax / Economy of Food Industry, № 1(17), 2013, pp. 68–70]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://economicsandwe.com/doc/2588/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702194047/http://economicsandwe.com/doc/2588/|url-status=unfit|title=СКОЛЬКО СПРАВЕДЛИВО СОДРАТЬ?!|archive-date=2014-07-02|website=economicsandwe.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Aydar Akhatov bụ onye guzobere ma bụrụkwa onye isi mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị na-ahụ maka ịchịkọta nchekwa ọlaedo nke Republic of Tatarstan (Russia), ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka osote Minista na-ahụ maka ego (1998–1999).&lt;ref name=&quot;viperson2&quot; /&gt;

Aydar Akhatov malitere itinye aka n'ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'afọ 1989, na-akwado okwu gbasara nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1990, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ngalaba nleba anya gburugburu ebe obibi n'okpuru kọmitii na-ahụ maka nchịkwa nke Kansụl Obodo Naberezhnye Chelny, Aydar Akhatov gwara ndị bi n'obodo ahụ okwu site na mgbasa ozi banyere ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi dị njọ (nke gụnyere ọnụnọ nke kemịkalụ 'phenol' n'ime mmiri ọṅụṅụ n'ihi nsogbu pụtara n'otu ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ dị na Ufa), n'agbanyeghị mmachibido iwu sitere n'aka ndị isi otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị ọchịchị obodo ahụ. N'ihi ikwu okwu n'ụlọ ọrụ redio obodo na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọala KAMAZ n'enweghị ikike, a chụpụrụ ya n'ọkwa onye isi ngalaba nleba anya; mana e weghachiri ya n'ọkwa ahụ mgbe onye ọka iwu gọọmentị (prosecutor) welitere mkpesa megide mkpebi kọmitii nchịkwa nke Kansụl Obodo ahụ. Okwu Akhatov kwuru gbochiri ka ọtụtụ ndị bi n'obodo ahụ ghara ịṅụ mmiri na-adịghị mma nke nwere ike ịkpata nsị. N'oge na-esote nke a, n'ihi nkwado siri ike o nwere maka ime ka ọha na eze mara banyere okwu gburugburu ebe obibi, a họpụtara ya dị ka Onye Nnọchiteanya Ndị Mmadụ (People's Deputy), onyeisi oche nke Kọmitii na-ahụ maka mgbasa ozi na gburugburu ebe obibi na Kansụl Obodo Naberezhnye Chelny, nakwa Onye Nnọchiteanya Ndị Mmadụ na Kansụl Kasị Elu nke Tatar ASSR. N'afọ 1990, Aydar Akhatov nwetara aha otutu bụ &quot;Mr. Time-'90&quot; dị ka onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kacha ewu ewu n'ógbè ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;VIPERSON: Aydar Akhatov&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;eurasian-defence1&quot; /&gt; 

Na 1990-1991, dịka ajụjụ gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya si dị, nke emere n'ụlọ nyocha mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke Parliament of Tatarstan, o nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ n'ọkwa ama ama n'etiti steeti na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Republic, ebe o nyere ọkwa mbụ naanị n'aka Onyeisiala nke Republic of Tatarstan [[Mintimer Shaimiev]].
&lt;ref&gt;[http://akhatov-a.ru/_si/0/30704.jpg In the Mirror of Sociology. – The newspaper &quot;Soviet Tatarstan&quot;, 30/01/1991.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505092542/http://akhatov-a.ru/_si/0/30704.jpg |date=5 May 2016 }} {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;viperson3&quot;&gt;[http://gaidar.viperson.ru/wind.php?ID=5122 VIPERSON: Aydar Akhatov] {{in lang|en|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;[http://akhatov-a.ru/_si/0/30704.jpg In the Mirror of Sociology. – The newspaper &quot;Soviet Tatarstan&quot;, 30/01/1991.]

==ihe ịrịba ama ọrụ==
[[File:President of &quot;CITY&quot; Aydar Akhatov.jpg|left|290px|thumb|President of the company &quot;CITY&quot; Aydar Akhatov (center) was the moderator (Co-chair) at the International French-Russian Investment Forum in Paris (29 October 2010).]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ndị Luo</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355037586|Luo people]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="57810" sha1="668nlg4xxb63wyb87jbyxwvulk8ss3o" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Ndi mbà||image=COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Luo dansers in krijgskostuum tijdens de Eldoret Agricultural Show TMnr 20014318.jpg|caption=A traditional Luo village at Kisumu museum, located in Kisumu.|group=Luo|population=|popplace=Western [[Kenya]] and northern [[Tanzania]]|region1={{flag|Kenya}}|pop1=5,066,966 (2019)&lt;ref name =Census2019&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics&amp;wpdmdl=5730&amp;ind=7HRl6KateNzKXCJaxxaHSh1qe6C1M6VHznmVmKGBKgO5qIMXjby1XHM2u_swXdiR |title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics
 |access-date=24 March 2020 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region2={{flag|Tanzania}}|rels=[[Christianity]], [[African Traditional Religion]], [[Islam]]|langs=[[Dholuo]], [[English language|English]], and [[Swahili language|Swahili]]|related=Other [[Luo peoples]], especially [[Adhola people|Adhola]] and [[Alur people|Alur]]}}
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;background:#fff6d9;color:inherit;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; |Luo
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;color:inherit;&quot; |Onye
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |'''Ja''' (m) /'''Nya''' (f) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;color:inherit;&quot; |Ndị mmadụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Joluo
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;color:inherit;&quot; |Asụsụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Dholuo
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;color:inherit;&quot; |Mba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |'''Piny''' Luo/Nam Lolwe
|}
  
Ndị '''Luo''' bụ agbụrụ Western Nilotic nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ [[Kenya]] na mpaghara Mara nke dị n&quot;ebe ugwu [[Tanzania]]&quot; id=&quot;mwFQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Tanzania&quot;&gt;Tanzania. Ndị Luo bụ agbụrụ nke anọ kachasị ukwuu nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 5,066,966 na-anọchite anya ihe dịka (~10.6%) nke ngụkọta ndị Kenya mgbe [[Kalenjin people|Kalenjin]] (~14%) site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke afọ 2019 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?ind=7HRl6KateNzKXCJaxxaHSh1qe6C1M6VHznmVmKGBKgO5qIMXjby1XHM2u_swXdiR&amp;wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics&amp;wpdmdl=5730|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20251220115330/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?ind=7HRl6KateNzKXCJaxxaHSh1qe6C1M6VHznmVmKGBKgO5qIMXjby1XHM2u_swXdiR&amp;wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics&amp;wpdmdl=5730|archivedate=2025-12-20|accessdate=2026-01-24|work=www.knbs.or.ke|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ha bụ akụkụ nke otu nnukwu ìgwè ndị Luo yiri ibe ha bi n'ógbè sitere na [[South Sudan]], ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]], ugwu na ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Uganda]], ndịda anyanwụ Kenya, na ugwu Tanzania, na-eme ka ha bụrụ otu n'ime agbụrụ kachasị ukwuu n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Africa.[3]

Ha na-asụ asụsụ Luo, nke a makwaara dị ka Dholuo, nke sitere na ngalaba Western Nilotic nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Nilotic na ezinụlọ asụsụ Nilo-Saharan sara mbara. Dholuo nwere nnukwu myirịta na asụsụ Nilotic nke ndị Luo ndị ọzọ na-asụ.[1] Ndị Luo si Uganda kwaga n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya n'etiti narị afọ nke 15 na 20 na ebili mmiri anọ. Ha na ndị Luo dị na Uganda nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya, ọkachasị ndị Acholi na Padhola. Ka ha na-abanye na Kenya na Tanzania, ha nwere mgbanwe mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na omenala ka ha zutere obodo ndị ọzọ e hiwere ogologo oge na mpaghara ahụ.[5][2] Na omenala, ndị Luo na-eme usoro akụ na ụba agwakọta nke ịzụ ehi, ịkọ mkpụrụ na ịkụ azụ site na ịchụ nta.[7] Taa, ndị Luo nwere obere akụkụ dị ukwuu nke ndị ọrụ ọgụgụ isi na ndị ọrụ nka n'ọrụ dị iche iche. Ha na-arụkwa ọrụ dị iche iche, dị ka ịkụ azụ ndị nwe ụlọ, obere ọrụ ugbo, na ọrụ ime obodo. [Ihe ndekọ achọrọ]

Ndị Luo na ndị sitere na ndị agbulu Luo enyela aka dị ukwuu na ọdịbendị na mmepeanya nke oge a. Tom Mboya na Nigel N. Mwangi bụ ndị isi na ọgụ mba Afrịka.  [8] Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Luo, dị ka Thomas Risley Odhiambo Nandy (onye guzobere International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology na onye mmeri nke UNESCO Albert Einstein medal na afọ1991) na Washington Yotto I Ochieng (ọ̄nye mmeri nke Harold Spencer-Jones Gold Medal na afọ 2019 site na Royal Institute of Navigation enwetala otuto mba ụwa maka onyinye ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Thomas Odhiambo Visionary entomologist harnessing science for Africa's poor|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jun/23/guardianobituaries.highereducation1|work=The Guardian|first=Ehsan|author=Masood|date=23 June 2003|accessdate=9 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home - Professor Washington Yotto Ochieng, FREng|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/w.ochieng|accessdate=2022-12-07|work=www.imperial.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richard S. Odingo bụ osote onyeisi oche nke Intergovernmental Panel on mgbanwe ihu igwe , mgbe ọ natara nrite udo dị ebube na afọ puku abuọ na asaa na Al Gore.&lt;ref name=&quot;odingo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nobel Prizes 2022|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2007/ipcc/26114-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-nobel-lecture-2007/|accessdate=2023-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Barack Obama]], Ọnye isi ojii mbụ nke mba Amerika na onye mmeri nrite udo dị ebube, bụ onye nna onye Kenya Luo, Barack Obama Sr.  Lupita Nyong'o ghọrọ onye isi ojii Africa mbụ meriri onyinye Academy n'afọ 2014.  Ndị Luo bụ ndị malitere ọtụtụ ụdị egwu a ma ama gụnyere Benga na ohangla. Benga bụ otu n'ime ụdị kachasị ewu ewu n' Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2015-07-09|title=Remembering benga: Kenya's infectious musical gift to Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/09/music-benga-kenya-guitar-finger-picking|accessdate=2022-12-07|work=the Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe ==
Obodo ala obibi nke Kenya na Tanzanian Luo dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria]] - ''Nam Lolwe'' na mpaghara Nyanza nke dị na Western Kenya na mpaghara Mara nke dị n'akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Tanzania. Mpaghara a na-ada n'ime latitudes okpomọkụ ma na-agafe n'etiti etiti. Mpaghara a na-enwetakwa nkezi mmiri ozuzo. Nkezi ịdị elu dị n'agbata 3,700 na 6,000 ụkwụ n'elu oke osimiri.

== Mmalite ==
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=== Mmalite ya ===
[[Faịlụ:Luo_Language.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Map nke ụfọdụ ndị Luo]]
Ndị Luo nke Kenya na Tanzania mejupụtara ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Nilotic.[17] N'oge ndị Briten na-achị, a maara ha dị ka Nilotic Kavirondo .  Ezigbo ebe ndị Nilotic si bụ arụmụka mana ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-etinye mmalite ha n'etiti [[Sudan]])&quot; id=&quot;mwmg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Bahr el Ghazal (region of [[South Sudan]])&quot;&gt;Bahr-el-Ghazal na Eastern Equatoria na South Sudan. Ha na-eme ngwakọta akụ na ụba nke ịkpa ehi, ịkụ azụ na ịkọ mkpụrụ.[7] Ụfọdụ n'ime nchọpụta ihe ochie kachasị ochie, nke na-akọwa ọdịbendị yiri nke a site n'otu mpaghara ahụ, dị na Kadero, kilomita 48 (30 kilomita) n'ebe ugwu Khartoum na Sudan, ma malite na 3000 BC. Kadero nwere ihe fọdụrụnụ nke omenala ndị na-azụ ehi yana ili ozu nwere ọkpụkpụ na-egosi ụdị ndị Afrịka ndịda Sahara. O nwekwara ihe akaebe nke anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, nka, azụmahịa dị anya, ịkụ mkpụrụ na iri azụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Krzyzaniak|first=Lech|title=The Archaeological Site of Kadero, Sudan|journal=Current Anthropology|date=December 1976|volume=17|issue=4|doi=10.1086/201823}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Marshall|first=Fiona|title=Cattle Before Crops: The Beginnings of Food Production in Africa|journal=Journal of World Prehistory|date=2002|volume=16|issue=2|pages=99–143|doi=10.1023/A:1019954903395}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Krzyzaniak|first=Lech|title=New Light on Early Food-Production in the Central Sudan|journal=The Journal of African History|date=April 1978|volume=19|issue=2|pages=159–172|doi=10.1017/S0021853700027572}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na asụsụ egosila na Ndị Nubian nọ n'ebe Ugwu Sudan na Ndịda Ijipt bụ otu ngwakọta nke malitere dị ka ndị nwere njikọ chiri anya na ndị Nilotic.  &lt;ref name=&quot;hollfelder&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hollfelder|first=Nina|title=Northeast African genomic variation shaped by the continuity of indigenous groups and Eurasian migrations|journal=PLOS Genetics|date=24 August 2017|volume=13|issue=8|doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1006976|pmid=28837655}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rilly|first=Claude|title=The Wadi Howar Diaspora and its role in the spread of East Sudanic languages from the fourth to the first millennia BCE|journal=Faits de Langues|date=2016|volume=47|issue=1|pages=151–163|doi=10.1163/19589514-047-01-900000010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị a mechara nweta nnukwu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa site na Middle East na ndị ọzọ bi n&quot;ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka.&lt;ref name=&quot;hollfelder&quot; /&gt; A na-ewere ndị Nubian dị ka ụmụ nke ndị mbụ bi na ndagwurugwu Naịl bụ ndị mesịrị guzobe alaeze Kush nke gụnyere Kerma na [[Meroë|Meroe]] na alaeze ndị Kraịst nke oge ochie nke Makuria, Nobatia na Alodia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cooper|first=Julien|title=Toponymic Strata in Ancient Nubia until the Common Era|journal=Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies|date=2017|volume=4|doi=10.5070/d64110028}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha ndị a na-egosi na ndị nwere njikọ chiri anya na ndị Nilotic biri na ndagwurugwu Naịl ruo n'ebe ndịda Ijipt n'oge ochie.

N'ihi ihe dị iche iche, njem ndị Nilotic Luo ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na ọtụtụ ọgbọ sitere na South Sudan banye Uganda na ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya site na opekata mpe Otu puku AD na-aga n'ihu ruo na mmalite narị afọ nke 20.[26]. Ụfọdụ ndị ode akwụkwọ kwuru na usoro mmalite nke mgbasawanye a dabara na ọdịda nke alaeze Nubian nke Ndị Kraịst nke Makuria na Alodia, ntinye nke ndị Arab na etiti Sudan yana nnabata Nilotic nke teknụzụ Iron Age.[1][2]. Ọtụtụ ndị Luo nke ugwu - ndị Shilluk - gara n'ihu n'ebe ugwu n'akụkụ Osimiri Naịl na narị afọ nke 16, na-emeri ókèala ruo Khartoum nke oge a.[3] Ha hiwere ala eze Shilluk.[30][4] Na narị afọ nke 15, ndị Luo kwagara n'alaeze Bunyoro-Kitara wee guzobe usoro ndị eze Babiito na Uganda. Otu a jikọtara na omenala Bantu.[30]

A na-ahazi [[Asụsụ Southern Luo|Ndịda Luo]] nke [[Kenya]] na [[Tanzania]] dị ka ndị Southern Luo.[32] na ha bụ naanị 'ọdọ mmiri Nilotes' kwagara ma biri n'akụkụ Osimiri Naịl. Ha banyere Kenya na Tanzania site na [[Uganda]] site na mpaghara [[South Sudan]])&quot;&gt;Bahr el-Ghazal na [[South Sudan]]. Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo ndị kwagara Kenya sitere n'ìgwè anọ na-asụrụ asụsụ Luo: ndị [[Acholi people|Acholi]]_people&quot; id=&quot;mwAQg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Acholi people&quot;&gt;Acholi, Adhola na Alur (Site na [[Uganda]] na akụkụ nke South Sudan na Eastern Congo), karịsịa Acholi na Padhola.  [5] A na-eme atụmatụ na Dholuo nwere pesenti iri iteghete yiri Lep Alur ([[Asụsụ Alur]]); pesenti iri asato na atọ  na Lep Achol (Asụsụ Acholi); pesenti iri iteghete na atọ na Dhopadhola (asụsụ Padhola), iri asaa na anọ na [[Anuak language|Anuak]], na pesenti iri isii na iteghete na Jurchol (Luwo) na Dhi-Pari (Pari). &lt;ref name=&quot;hammer&quot; /&gt;

A na-akpọkwa Luo nke Kenya na Tanzania '''Joluo''' ma ọ bụ '''Jonagi''' / Onagi (onye e wepụrụ ezé isii ya dị ka emume nke ịgafe n'oge uto), otu '''Jaluo''', '''Jaonagi''' ma ọ bụ '''Joramogi''' / '''Nyikwaramogi''', nke pụtara &quot;ndị nketa Ramogi. &quot; A na- kpọrọ agbụrụ Luo nke Kenya ma ọ bụ Tanzania '''Ororo''', ebe a na-akpọ ha '''Liel''' n'etiti ndị Nuer. N'ebo Dinka, a na-akpọ ndị Luo '''Jur-Chol'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Odhiambo, Atieno.|title=Siaya: the Historical Anthropology of an African Landscape|date=1989|publisher=J. Currey|oclc=1096480559}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị Kenya Luo nke oge a nwere agbụrụ iri abụọ na asaa, nke ọ bụla n'otu n'otu nwere agbụrụ dị iche iche na obere agbụrụ  (&quot;Jo-&quot; na-egosi &quot;ndị&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ogot, Bethwell A.|title=History of the Southern Luo: Volume I, Migration and Settlement, (Series: Peoples of East Africa)|publisher=[[East African Publishing House]], Nairobi|year=1967}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ịkwaga Kenya ===
[[Faịlụ:Nyanza_in_Kenya.svg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ógbè Nyanza nke dị na Kenya]]
A na-eji akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe akaebe nke usoro ọmụmụ eme ihe iji tụọ usoro oge nke mgbasawanye Luo n'ime na n'ime [[Kenya]] na Tanzania. A na-ahụ nnukwu ebili mmiri anọ nke ịkwaga n'ime mpaghara Nyanza mbụ na Kenya, malite na ndị Jok (''Joka Jok''), nke a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ malitere n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1490- ruo n'afọ 1517.[35] ''Joka Jok'' bụ ndị mbụ na ndị kasị ukwuu kwagara n'ebe ugwu Nyanza. Ndị mbịarambịa a biri n'ebe a na-akpọ Ramogi Hill, wee gbasaa gburugburu Northern Nyanza. Ndị Owiny' (''Jok'Owiny'') na ndị Omolo (Jok 'Omolo) sochiri n'oge na-adịghị anya (bido n'afọ 1598- wee ruo n'afọ 1625). [5] Otu ìgwè dị iche iche nke Suba, Sakwa, Asembo, Uyoma na Kano sochiri. Ndị Suba bụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Bantu na mbụ bụ ndị sonyere na omenala Luo. Ha gbapụrụ n'[[Uganda]]_Kingdom&quot; id=&quot;mwAUo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Buganda Kingdom&quot;&gt;Alaeze Buganda dị na Uganda mgbe esemokwu obodo nke sochiri ogbugbu nke 24th Kabaka nke Buganda n'etiti narị afọ nke 18 wee biri na South Nyanza, ọkachasị na agwaetiti Rusinga na Mfangano.[36] Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo gafere Winam Gulf nke Lake Victoria site na Northern Nyanza gaa South Nyanza malite na mmalite narị afọ nke 17.[5]

Ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya, ha zutere ụmụ nke ndị mmadụ dị iche iche bi n'ógbè ahụ ogologo oge. E biri na mpaghara Great Lakes kemgbe mmalite oge nkume.[37] A na-eche na ọdịbendị Kanysore, nke dị na Gogo Falls na Migori county, bụ ndị na-achụ nta na-achịkọta ihe mbụ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka iji mepụta ite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Dale|first=Darla|title=Holocene hunter-fisher-gatherer communities: new perspectives on Kansyore Using communities of Western Kenya|journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa|date=April 2010|volume=45|issue=1|pages=24–48|doi=10.1080/00672700903291716}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eche na Ndị Twa mepụtara ihe osise nkume dị na Mfangano Island.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-15|title=Kenya - Trust For African Rock Art|url=https://africanrockart.org/kenya/|accessdate=2023-08-01|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eche na Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Bantu, ndị mbịarambịa mbụ si n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka, rutere n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya site na 1000 BC. Ha wetara ha teknụzụ ịkpụ ígwè na usoro ọrụ ugbo ọhụrụ, na-agbanwe mpaghara nnukwu ọdọ mmiri ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ebe ndị mmadụ bi n'Africa na mpaghara ndị mbụ na-agbaze ígwè.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ehret|first=Christopher|title=Bantu Expansions: Re-Envisioning a Central Problem of Early African History|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|date=2001|volume=34|issue=1|pages=5–41|doi=10.2307/3097285}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọdịbendị Urewe na-achịkwa site na 650 BC ruo 550 BC. A chọtara ọdịbendị a n'ebe ugwu Nyanza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lane|first=Paul|title=New Dates for Kansyore and Urewe Wares from Northern Nyanza, Kenya|journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa|date=January 2006|volume=41|issue=1|pages=123–138|doi=10.1080/00672700609480438}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìgwè ndị na-asụ asụsụ Bantu a hụrụ na ọdọ mmiri Victoria taa gụnyere Luhya, Suba, Kunta, Kuria na Kisii. A hụkwara ndị na-asụ Southern Nilotic, ndị Nandi, Kipsigis na [[Ndị Maasai]] n'ógbè a.[5]
[[Faịlụ:Thimlich_Ohinga_Cultural_Landscape-_Kenya.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Thimlich Ohinga na Migori County, South Nyanza, Kenya]]
Mgbasawanye Luo n'ime ebe ndị a bibu na ha dugara na azụmahịa, esemokwu, mmeri, alụmdi na nwunye na omenala. Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo chụpụrụ ndị bi na mbụ ruo ókèala ha ugbu a.[42] A chụpụrụ ndị Luhya n'ebe dị elu. A chụpụrụ ndị Kuria n'ebe ndịda n'etiti ókèala Kenya na Tanzania. A chụpụrụ ndị Nandi na Kipsigis n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa Anyanwụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shipton|first=Parker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9jZqdbAKa8C|title=Mortgaging the Ancestors: Ideologies of Attachment in Africa|date=6 January 2009|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-15274-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Reflist}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shipton|first=Parker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9jZqdbAKa8C|title=Mortgaging the Ancestors: Ideologies of Attachment in Africa|date=6 January 2009|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-15274-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ndị Luo kwagara n'ógbè Nyanza, ndị Bantu nọ n'óù ahụ kwụsịrị ibi úgwù ka ha na-anabatawanye omenala Luo. Ụmụ nwanyị keere òkè dị mkpa n'imeri mmachibido iwu maka alụmdi na nwunye site na ịgbanwe omume ibi úgwù na omenala ndị ọzọ. Ụmụ nwanyị Luo gwara ndị ikom Bantu nọ n'ógbè ahụ, &quot;Ọ bụrụ na pesenti ị chọrọ ịlụ anyị ị ga-akwụsị ibi úgwù ma tinye ezé gị n'okpuru, ka ị wee yie anyị ma anyị nwee ike ịlụ gị. &quot;Ndị Suba na ndị ọzọ Bantu nwere mmasị na ndị nwunye Luo n'ihi na ọgaranya ha dị ala ma ọ bụ na-adịghị. Ụmụ nwanyị Luo bi n'obodo Suba gwara ụmụ ha na Luo okwu, bụ ndị ghọrọ ndị na-asụ asụsụ abụọ. Asụsụ Luo gbasara ngwa ngwa n'ụzọ a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shetler|first=Jan Bender|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1kOdDwAAQBAJ|title=Claiming Civic Virtue: Gendered Network Memory in the Mara Region, Tanzania|date=9 July 2019|publisher=University of Wisconsin Pres|isbn=978-0-299-32290-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Omenala na omume Luo gbanwekwara ka ha na-anabata omenala nke obodo ndị ha na ha na-emekọrịta ihe.[42] Esemokwu na mwakpo n'ógbè a dịgasị iche iche dugara na mmepe nke ụlọ savanna na-echebe onwe ya, nke a na-ahụkarị na mkpọmkpọ ebe nkume, Thimlich Ohinga na South Nyanza.[46] Neville Chittick, onye nduzi nke British Institute of History and Archaeology na East Africa bụ onye mbụ kwusiri ike na o yikarịrị ka e wuru ebe ahụ tupu ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo abịarute.[46] Otú ọ dị, nkwupụta a enweghị nkwado dị mma site na nkà mmụta ihe ochie, n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe owuwu ndị e ji mgbidi nkume rụọ bụ n'ime oge mgbasawanye Luo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Odede&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Secrets in stone|journal=Kenya Past and Present|date=1 January 2006|volume=36|issue=1|pages=67–72|url=https://journals.co.za/content/kenya/36/1/AJA02578301_479}}&lt;/ref&gt; [48] Ka o sina dị, ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo nọgidere na Thimlich Ohinga ma gaa n'ihu na omenala nke iwu ụlọ elu ndị e ji nkume rụọ (''Ohingni'') yana ọrụ ala nchebe (''Gunda Bur'') na Northern na Southern Nyanza. Ọrụ ala ndị a na-echebe ga-agba gburugburu ebe obibi ndị gbara ha gburugburu. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe owuwu ndị a na-echebe ọtụtụ narị ụlọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;gunda&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Luo Exhibition Settlements Pitt Rivers Museum|url=http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/Luo/luo/page/exhibition-settlements/index.html|accessdate=2024-07-10|work=web.prm.ox.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha ihe mgbe ochie na ethnographic nke saịtị ndị ahụ egosila na nhazi nke ihe owuwu ndị a yiri nke ọma nhazi nke ebe obibi ọdịnala Luo. Nnyocha ceramic na-egosikwa ịga n'ihu n'etiti ndị mbụ bi na saịtị ndị a na ndị na-asụ Luo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Odede&quot; /&gt; Site na mbata nke ndị Europe, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ wepụ ebe ndị a ka nchịkwa ọchịchị na-eme udo na mpaghara ahụ. Ezinụlọ ndị bi n'ogige ahụ kwagara n'ụlọ ndị dị iche iche site na iji euphorbia kama nkume dị ka ihe mgbidi. Mgbidi bụ ihe owuwu nke na-ekpuchi mpaghara, nke na-adịkarị n'èzí na-emepụta ókèala, a na-ejikarị post ndị ejiri bọọdụ jikọọ. Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti narị afọ nke 20, a gbahapụrụ ha niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Odede&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gunda&quot; /&gt;

=== Oge ndị ọchịchị na-achị ===
Mmekọrịta mbụ nke Ndị Britain na ndị Luo bụ nke na-apụtaghị ìhè na nke na-aga n'ihu. Mmekọrịta siri ike naanị mgbe mmezu nke Ụgbọ okporo ígwè Uganda gosipụtara ebumnuche ndị Britain ma wepụ mkpa maka njikọ aka mpaghara. N'afọ 1896, e mere njem ntaramahụhụ iji kwado onye ọchịchị Wanga Mumia na Ugenya megide ezinụlọ Kager nke Ochieng Ger III, nke a makwaara dị ka Gero. Ihe karịrị narị abuọ nwụrụ ngwa ngwa site na Mgbọ Maxim. Mmadụ nari atọ ọzọ nọ na nguzogide Uyoma nwụrụ site na njem nke Sir Charles Horbley (Bwana Obila Muruayi) duziri mgbe ha na-anapụ ehi Luo iji nyere ndị ọrụ India na-ewu ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Uganda aka. Mgbe esemokwu ndị a gasịrị, ndị isi ime mmụọ Luo dụrụ ndị mmadụ ọdụ ka ha na ndị Briten rụkọọ ọrụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1900, onye isi Luo bụ Odera na-enye ndị na-ebugharị 1,500 maka njem ndị Briten megide ndị Nandi.[50] Ndị Briten guzobere isi ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara mbụ na Mumias mgbe ahụ na Kisumu. Ha rụrụ ọrụ iji mee ka ndị Luo nọrọ n'okpuru nchịkwa na nchịkwa. N'ime iri afọ ole na ole, ndị isi ọdịnala na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ka ndị isi ọchịchị na-anọchi.
[[Faịlụ:Luo_dancer_ostrich_plume.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|Mgirango Jaluo na ejiji ịgba egwú]]
Ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke ụka Seventh-day Adventist so n'ime ndị ozi ala ọzọ mbụ nke Ndị Kraịst na-eme ka ndị Luo gbanwee. Arthur Carscallen, onye Canadian Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) bụ onye Adventist mbụ rụrụ ọrụ na Kenya na Peter Nyambo, si Nyasaland (Malawi ugbu a). E meghere ozi mbụ site n'enyemaka nke onye ozi ala ọzọ Germany Abraham C. Enns, na Nọvemba n'afọ1906 na Gendia Hill, Kendu Bay. Ndị ozi ala ọzọ a guzobere ọdụ na Wire Hill, Rusinga Island, Kanyadoto, Karung, Kisii na Kamagambo. Ndị a niile dị na South Nyanza. E mere ndị Luo SDA mbụ a tọghatara baptizim na 21 Mee 1911. Carscallen bụ onye mbụ belatara [[Dholuo]] ka ọ bụrụ ihe ederede. O wepụtara akwụkwọ nkuzi nke ụtọ asụsụ wee malite ịsụgharị Bible n'asụsụ Dholuo. Ndị ozi ala ọzọ Katọlik na ndị ozi ala ọzọ Anglican site na Church Mission Society (CMS)  na-arụkwa ọrụ na Nyanza dum, mana ha lekwasịrị anya na Northern Nyanza.

Ọ ka bụ ihe a na-ejighị n'aka ma ndị '''Luo''' ọ bụ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ n'ihi nrụgide nke ndị ọchịchị ma ọ bụ na ha nabatara akụkụ nke ọdịbendị ọdịda anyanwụ. Otú ọ dị, ka ọ na-erule afọ 1930, ụzọ ndụ Luo agbanweela nke ukwuu ma ghọọ nke ọdịda anyanwụ. Ụfọdụ na-atụ aro na mgbalị nke ndị isi (Ruoth) dịka ''Odera Akang'o'' keere òkè na nke a. N'afọ 1915, Gọọmentị Colonial zigara Odera Akang'o, onye na-ahụ maka Gem, na Kampala, Uganda. Ndị Briten bi n'ebe ahụ masịrị ya ma mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ, ọ malitere usoro a manyere ya ịnakwere ụdị ọdịda anyanwụ nke &quot;ụlọ akwụkwọ, uwe na ịdị ọcha&quot;. Nke a mere ka agụmakwụkwọ ngwa ngwa nke ndị Luo n'asụsụ Bekee na ụzọ Bekee. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Residents protest the demolition of Odera Akang'o's cell|date=6 September 2020|url=https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/residents-protest-the-demolition-of-odera-akangos-cell/|accessdate=2023-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmụta ndị Europe nke ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst na-arụkwa ọrụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Luo.&lt;ref name=&quot;jananga&quot; /&gt;

Nkwado doro anya nke ọchịchị ndị Britain mebiri site na otu a maara dị ka Mumboism nke gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na South Nyanza. N'afọ 1913, Onyango Dunde nke etiti Kavirondo kwupụtara na ọ bụ ndị chi agwọ nke Lake Victoria, Mumbo zitere ya iji gbasaa ozizi ya. Gọọmentị na-achị mba ahụ ghọtara mmegharị a dị ka ihe iyi egwu nye ikike ha n'ihi nkwenkwe Mumbo. Mumbo kwere nkwa ịchụpụ ndị na-achị ala na ndị na-akwado ha ma katọọ okpukpe ha. Ebe ọ bụ na e gosipụtara na mmegide ime ihe ike bụ ihe efu ka ndị Afrịka meriri na teknụzụ, mmegharị a lekwasịrị anya n'ịtụ anya njedebe nke ọchịchị ala ọzọ, kama ịkpali ya. A na-ahazi òtù a dị ka òtù nzuzo nke puku afọ. Mumboism gbasara n'etiti ndị Luo na Ndị Kisii. Ndị ọchịchị na-achị mba ahụ gbochiri òtù ahụ site n'ịchụpụ na ịtụ ndị na-eso ụzọ mkpọrọ n'afọ ndị 1920 na 1930. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Shadle|first=Brett L.|title=Patronage, Millennialism and the Serpent God Mumbo in South-West Kenya, 1912–34|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|date=2002|volume=72|issue=1|pages=29–54|doi=10.2307/3556798}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Africa nke oge a na Kenya Colony chọrọ ime mkpesa megide iwu ndị bi na ya, ma mụbaa ụtụ isi na ndị Afrịka na ''Kipande'' a na-eleda anya (Ịmata eriri ígwè a na-eyi n'olu). Ndị Luo nọ na Kavirondo na Ndị Kikuyu nọ na Nairobi haziri nzukọ ọha na eze iche. Ọ bụ Daudi Basudde haziri ọgbaghara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi CMS dị na Maseno. O welitere nchegbu banyere mmetụta na-emebi ihe na ala Afrịka site na ịgbanwere site na East African Protectorate gaa na Kenya Colony. Usoro nzukọ a na-akpọ ''Piny Owacho'' (Olu nke Ndị Mmadụ) ruru n'ókè na nnukwu nzukọ e nwere na Disemba 1921 na-akwado maka ọrụ aha onye ọ bụla, iwepụ usoro ''Kipande'' na usoro ụtụ isi ziri ezi. N'ịbụ onye otu nchegbu ahụ jidere, James Beauttah, otu n'ime ndị guzobere Kikuyu Central Association malitere njikọ aka n'etiti obodo Kikuyu na Luo.[56] Archdeacon Walter Edwin Owen, onye ozi ala ọzọ Anglican na onye nkwado a ma ama maka ihe omume Africa, kwadoro ma mee ka ''Piny' Owacho'' (Olu nke Ndị Mmadụ) bụrụ otu. Ndị ọchịchị na-achị mba ahụ ga-eto ya dị ka onye duziri usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ahụ, nke a na-eche na ọ bụ oge. Otú ọ dị, ndị obodo ahụ weere ya dị ka onye na-akwado ha. Ọ malitere Kavirondo Taxpayers Welfare Association wee bụrụ onye isi oche ya, na-enye ndị Afrịka ụzọ ha ga-esi dozie mkpesa ha. Otú ọ dị, o lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ọdịmma ma zere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ga-ewe iwe ndị ọchịchị na-achị ala ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Murray|first=Nancy Uhlar|title=Archdeacon W. E. Owen: Missionary as Propagandist|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|date=1982|volume=15|issue=4|pages=653–670|doi=10.2307/217849}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nnupụisi Mau Mau ===
[[Faịlụ:Acheing_Oneko_(cropped).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Achieng Oneko Otu n'ime Kapenguria Isii]]
Ndị ọcha na-ebi n'ala ha anaghị anapụ ndị Luo n'ozuzu ha, na-ezere ọdịnihu nke dakwasịrị ndị agbụrụ na-azụ atụrụ bi na &quot;White Highlands&quot; nke Kenya. Ọtụtụ ndị Luo keere òkè dị mkpa n'ọgụ maka nnwere onwe Kenya, mana ndị mmadụ etinyeghị aka na Mau Mau Uprising (1952-60). Kama nke ahụ, ha jiri agụmakwụkwọ ha mee ihe iji kwalite ebumnuche nke nnwere onwe n'udo. Mgbasa mgbasa ozi siri ike nke gọọmentị na-achị mba ahụ mere ka obodo ndị ọzọ nke Kenya, ndị bi na mba ụwa ghara inwe ọmịiko na mmegharị ahụ site n'ịkwado omume obi ọjọọ nke Mau Mau mere. Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị Europe tụfuru ndụ ha ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị Afrịka n'oge nnupụisi ahụ, a kpọsara ọnwụ ọ bụla nke ndị Europe n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na-ekwusi ike na ihe ndị metụtara aghụghọ na mmekọahụ anụmanụ. N'ihi ya, ndị Kikuyu kwadoro ngagharị iwe ahụ bụ ndị malitere nnupụisi ahụ. A tụkwara ndị Luo na-akwado Mau Mau na ndị gọọmentị na-achị ala ahụ weere na ha ga-akwado ya. Karịsịa, Ramogi Achieng Oneko, onye ndu KAU na otu n'ime Kapenguria isii. Nna nna [[Barack Obama]], Hussein Onyango Obama, sonyere n'òtù ndị mba Afrịka. Ndị ọchịchị na-achị mba ahụ tụrụ ya mkpọrọ ma mekpọọ ya ọnụ n'ihi na a na-enyo ya enyo na ọ na-etinye aka na Nnupụisi Mau Mau.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Orengoh|first=Ben Macintyre and Paul|date=2023-07-31|title=Beatings and abuse made Barack Obama's grandfather loathe the British|work=[[The Times]]|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/beatings-and-abuse-made-barack-obamas-grandfather-loathe-the-british-zg8qnn7jbrg|accessdate=2023-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọkaiwu Luo Argwings Kodhek, onye mbụ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka nwetara akara ugo mmụta n'iwu, ghọrọ onye a maara dị ka onye ọka iwu Mau Mau ka ọ ga-agbachitere ndị Afrịka a na-ebo ebubo mpụ Mau pro bono.[61]
[[Faịlụ:Tom_Mboya_1962_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Tom Mboya]]
Nhọrọ mbụ maka ndị otu African nke Kansụl Iwu (MLCs) bụ na 1957. A họpụtara Tom Mboya na Oginga Odinga.[67] Na June 1958, Oginga Odinga kpọrọ oku ka a tọhapụ Jomo Kenyatta onye a tụrụ mkpọrọ mgbe a machibidoro nnupụisi Mau Mau. O mere oku a na arụmụka kansụl iwu. Ọ tachiri obi ọtụtụ ọnwa nke mkpagbu maka iwere nguzo a tupu ọ ghọọ oku maka mmeghachi omume mba Afrịka.[68] E mere Nzukọ nke Lancaster House na London iji kwurịta nnwere onwe Kenya na usoro iwu. Tom Mboya na Oginga Odinga nwetara enyemaka nke Thurgood Marshall, onye ọka iwu America na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ iji dee iwu mbụ.  [69]

Mgbe Kenya nweere onwe ya na 12 Disemba 1963, Oginga Odinga jụrụ ịbụ onye isi ala nke Kenya ma kweta iwere osote onye isi ala na Jomo Kenyatta dị ka onye isi ala. Ọchịchị ha nọchitere anya otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Kenya African National Union (KANU). Ndị Luo na ndị Kikuyu ketara ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'afọ ndị mbụ mgbe Kenya nweere onwe ya na 1963.  Otú ọ dị, esemokwu ya na Kenyatta mere ka Odinga si n'òtù ahụ pụọ ma hapụ ọkwa osote onye isi ala na 1966. Agha ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Agha Nzuzo na-arụ ọrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kenya.[70] Ndị ọdịda anyanwụ na ndị ọwụwa anyanwụ na-achọsi ike imetụta ime iwu obodo ma merie ndị enyi na-akpata agha oyi na Kenya. Ọchịchị obodo ahụ jupụtara na nkewa echiche nke agha oyi. Odinga na Bildad Kaggia, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kikuyu na onye ndú Mau, katọrọ gọọmentị Kenyatta maka ịnakwere iwu nkesa ala rụrụ arụ nke na-abaghị uru ndị ogbenye na ndị na-enweghị ala. E gburu Pio Gama Pinto, onye a ma ama na-emegide ọchịchị, onye isi na-eme atụmatụ na njikọ ya na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Odinga na 25 Febụwarị 1965 n'ihe a ghọtara dị ka ogbugbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mbụ nke Kenya. Odinga nọgidere na-anọpụ iche na gọọmentị ma mesịa bụrụ onye a manyere ịgba arụkwaghịm ma malite otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ya - Kenya People's Union (KPU) .  Kenya People's Union (KPU)  nwere nkwado siri ike n'etiti ndị Luo.[73] Gọọmentị Kenyatta kpagburu pati a. E mere iwu nchekwa na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu na July 1966 nke nyere gọọmentị ohere ijide mmadụ n'enweghị ikpe iji mee ka iwu na usoro dị n'ọnọdụ ebe a na-eyi iwu ugbu a egwu. E ji Iwu a mee ihe ozugbo megide ndị otu KPU.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Conboy|first=Kevin|title=Detention Without Trial in Kenya|journal=Georgia Journal of International &amp; Comparative Law|date=11 February 2016|volume=8|issue=2|url=https://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/gjicl/vol8/iss2/9/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 1966, ndị uwe ojii gọọmentị jidere ndị òtù Luo KPU a ma ama gụnyere Ochola Mak'Anyengo (odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Kenya Petroleum Oil Workers Union), Oluande Koduol (odeakwụkwọ onwe onye nke Oginga Odinga) na Peter Ooko (odeakwụkwọ isi nke East African Common Services Civil Servants Union) ma jide ha n'ebughị ụzọ kpee ha ikpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1966-08-05|title=5 opposition leaders seized|page=1|work=Pasadena Independent|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/pasadena-independent-5-opposition-leader/15272844/|accessdate=2023-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agha Nzuzo ahụ ruru n'ókè ha kachasị elu na 1969. Kemgbe Odinga hapụrụ KANU, ndị Luo nọgidere na-abụ ndị a chụpụrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Argwings Kodhek, onye ọka iwu Mau Mau nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala n'ọnọdụ dị omimi na 29 Jenụwarị 1969. E gburu Tom Mboya, onye a na-akpọkarị onye ga-anọchi Kenyatta, ọnwa isii ka nke ahụ gasịrị na 5 Julaị 1969. Esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dugara na ogbugbu Kisumu mgbe ndị nche onye isi ala na ndị uwe ojii nke Kenyatta gbara ọtụtụ ndị nkịtị égbè ma gbuo ha na Kisumu Town, isi obodo Nyanza Province. Mgbe ogbugbu a gasịrị, a machibidoro KPU iwu, na-eme ka Kenya bụrụ steeti otu. E jidere ndị otu KPU niile ma jide ha n'ebughị ụzọ kpee ha ikpe, gụnyere Oginga Odinga. Mgbukpọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mpaghara Nyanza kara njọ ma gaa n'ihu n'okpuru ọchịchị Moi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Odinga, Oginga.|title=Not yet Uhuru: the autobiography of Oginga Odinga.|date=1977|publisher=Heinemann|isbn=0-435-90038-2|oclc=264794347}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-28|title=Dark Saturday in 1969 when Jomo's visit to Kisumu turned bloody|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/dark-saturday-in-1969-when-jomo-s-visit-to-kisumu-turned-bloody-101870|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=Nation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A tọhapụrụ Oginga Odinga n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'afọ 1971. Gọọmentị gara n'ihu na-egbochi ya itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ihi na ọ pụghị ịzọ ọkwa na Ntuli aka nke afọ 1974. &lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kenya - Colonialism, Mau Mau, Independence {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kenya/World-War-II-to-independence|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1982, Odinga nwara ịmalite otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọhụrụ - Kenya African Socialist Alliance .[80] Akụkụ nke 2A nke usoro Iwu Kenya gbanwere na-eme ka Kenya bụrụ otu steeti n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ya wee gbochie mbọ Odinga. Mgbalị ndị agha Kenya Air Force mere n'otu afọ ahụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, nke onye Luo, Hezekiah Ochuka duziri, kụrụ afọ n'ala. Oginga Odinga na nwa ya nwoke Raila Odinga e boro ebubo itinye aka ma jide ha n'ebughị ụzọ kpee ha ikpe ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa.[80]&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot; /&gt; Ihe omume ndị a dugara n'ọtụtụ afọ nke nchụpụ nke obodo Luo. E mere ka echiche nke ịpụ iche site na ogbugbu nke Robert Ouko, Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ na 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2010-12-09|title=Robert Ouko 'killed in Kenya State House'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-11962534|accessdate=2024-03-01|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbukpọ akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke obodo na njikwa akụ na ụba ọdachi na Kenya, ọkachasị n'okpuru nchịkwa nke KANU nke steeti ọhụrụ ahụ, nwere ọdachi nye ndị Kenya. N'agbanyeghị ikike akụ na ụba nke [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria]] dị nso, Kenya na-aga n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ na ịda ogbenye na HIV / AIDS.

Mmetụta obodo na nke mba ụwa na mbido afọ 1990 mere ka Gọọmentị m kagbuo mmezigharị nke ngalaba 2A nke iwu. Ya mere, e nyere ikike ka e nwee ọtụtụ òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Kenya. E guzobere Forum for Restoration of Democracy (FORD), otu ndị na-emegide ọtụtụ agbụrụ nke Oginga Odinga, Kenneth Matiba na Martin Shikuku duziri. Òtù a kewara n'ihi esemokwu dị n'ime òtù ndị na-emegide agbụrụ - FORD-Asili (nke Matiba duziri) na FORD-Kenya (nke Oginga Odinga duziri). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Brown|first=Stephen|title=Authoritarian leaders and multiparty elections in Africa: How foreign donors help to keep Kenya's Daniel arap Moi in power|journal=Third World Quarterly|date=October 2001|volume=22|issue=5|pages=725–739|doi=10.1080/01436590120084575}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oginga Odinga nwụrụ na 1994.

Ford-Kenya mechara kewaa ma nwa Odinga, Raila Odinga malitere National Development Party of Kenya (NDP) nke nwere nkwado Luo dị ukwuu. Òtù a sonyeere KANU n'afọ 2002, obere oge tupu ntuli aka.  A na-eto Raila Odinga n'ọtụtụ ebe maka ime ka [[Mwai Kibaki]]&quot;&gt;Mwai Kibaki merie ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2002 site na nkwado nke Liberal Democratic Party ya. Mmekọrịta a ghọrọ ihe na-adịghị mma ma Raila Odinga duziri ntuli aka megide Mwai Kibaki na ntuli aka iwu Kenya nke 2005 nke a ghọtara n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ntuli aka gegn Kibaki. Ihe karịrị otu puku mmadụ nwụrụ na 600,000 gbara ọsọ ndụ na nsogbu Kenya nke 2007-2008 na-esote ntuli aka nke afọ 2007. A na-eme mkpọsa na oge ntuli aka n'ụzọ dị iche iche n'ụzọ agbụrụ. Raila Odinga duziri Orange Democratic Movement megide Mwai Kibaki's Party of National Unity .  Nkwekọrịta ịkekọrịta ike nke Kofi Annan mere ka gọọmentị jikọọ aka na Raila Odinga nata ọkwa ọhụrụ nke praịm minista. Asọmpi agbụrụ dị n'etiti ndị Kikuyu na ndị Luo na-emesi okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ ike nke metụtara ịnweta ihe onwunwe na ike. Asọmpi a na-aga n'ihu na-akpụzi usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kenya.

Tishkoff et al. na 2009 bipụtara nnyocha kachasị ukwuu e mere iji gosipụta ọdịiche dị iche iche na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ n'Africa. Ha nyochara ndị Afrịka 121, ndị Afrịka America 4 na ndị na-abụghị ndị Afrịka 60. Nsonaazụ ha gosipụtara ogo dị elu nke ndị nna nna na-egosipụta ihe omume nke ịkwaga. N'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka, ndị niile a nyochara nwere akụkụ nke ndị nna nna Nilotic, Cushitic na Bantu, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, na ogo dịgasị iche iche. Ha chọpụtakwara na, n'ozuzu, ụyọkọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwekọrọ na nhazi asụsụ, na ndị a ma ama gụnyere Luo nke Kenya. N'agbanyeghị na ha bụ ndị na-asụ Nilotic, ndị Luo na ndị na-ekwu Bantu gbara ha gburugburu. Ha na-atụ aro na nke a na-egosi na ngwakọta dị elu mere n'oge ngafe ndịda nke Southern Luo.&lt;ref name=&quot;tishkoff&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tishkoff|first=S. A.|title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans|journal=Science|date=22 May 2009|volume=324|issue=5930|pages=1035–1044|doi=10.1126/science.1172257|pmid=19407144}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ nyocha nke David Reich kwukwara nchọpụta yiri nke ahụ. Ha chọpụtara na ọnụọgụ mgbanwe na Luo yiri nke ndị na-asụ Asụsụ Bantu gbara ya gburugburu. Ha tụrụ aro na ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ọganihu mgbe niile ka ha kwagara n'ókèala ndị na-ekwu okwu Bantu bi. Nke a na-agbaso akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke na-ekwusi ike na nnukwu ìgwè ndị na-asụ asụsụ Bantu nabatara asụsụ Luo, ọdịbendị na omenala ndị na-achịkwa n'oge ahụ.[94]

== Omenala na omenala ==

=== Usoro ọchịchị ọdịnala ===
Dị ka omenala si dị, ndị Luo bụ ndị nna ochie nwere usoro ọchịchị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Grigorenko, Elena L.|title=The organisation of Luo conceptions of intelligence: a study of implicit theories in a Kenyan village|date=2001|publisher=The International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development|oclc=842972252}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nna ma ọ bụ nwunye mbụ (''mikayi'') ma ọ bụ nwa nwoke na-eduzi ezinụlọ ahụ mgbe nna na-anọghị ya. Ọtụtụ ezinụlọ ndị metụtara site na ndị nna nna ha guzobere otu agbụrụ (''Anuola''). Ọtụtụ agbụrụ jikọtara ọnụ mepụta obodo (gweng), nke onye okenye obodo (''dodo'' ma ọ bụ kajong kaj) duziri. Onye okenye obodo ahụ chịrị site n'enyemaka nke ndị okenye ndị ọzọ bụ ndị bụbu ndị ikom nwere ọnọdụ site na azụmahịa, akụ na ụba, agha, ma ọ bụ ikwu okwu. Ọtụtụ obodo nta jikọtara ọnụ mepụta obere agbụrụ (''piny'', nke a sụgharịrị dị ka &quot;mba agbụrụ&quot;). A ''piny'' na-eduzi site na onye isi nketa nke dabeere na uru site na nwa nwoke nke okenye (ruoth).

Onye na-akọ ọdịnihu (''jabilo'') bụ onye bụkwa onye ndụmọdụ ime mmụọ na nke agha, kpuwere ya okpueze. Ọdịdị gọọmentị Luo siri ike na steeti n'okpuru ọchịchị, ndị nwere kansụl ndị okenye (''Gallamoro mar jodongo'' ma ọ bụ jodong gad), site n'obodo niile dị n'ókèala ha. Ndị Luos haziri nchebe na nchekwa ha na mpaghara agbụrụ nke onye ọchịagha (''osumba mirwayi'') duziri, onye so na kansụl ndị okenye. Kansụl ahụ nwekwara ọnụ na-ekwuchitere ndị kansụl ahụ n'ihe gbasara gọọmentị na nzukọ ahịa obodo, okpukpe, na emume ọdịnala nke ndị a na-eduzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Odenyo|first=Amos O.|title=Conquest, Clientage, and Land Law among the Luo of Kenya|journal=Law &amp; Society Review|date=1973|volume=7|issue=4|pages=767–778|doi=10.2307/3052969}}&lt;/ref&gt;[97]

Mmekọrịta agbụrụ na ibe ya bụ ad hoc, ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị otu onye na-achị ndị Luo. Obere agbụrụ gbakọtara n'oge ọdachi, agha, na ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha dị ka ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, ụnwụ nri, na idei mmiri iji nyere ibe ha aka. ''Sumo'', omume nke ịkekọrịta ihe oriri na ndị ụnwụ nri dakwasịrị, bụ omenala a na-ahụkarị, ebe Kisumo bụ otu n'ime ahịa ndị a ma ama ebe ndị ụnụrụ dakwasịrị na-enwekarị nkwado site na mmesapụ aka nke ndị ibe ha Luo.

Echiche nke onye ọchịchị Luo a na-akpọ ''ker'' bụ nke Jaramogi Oginga Odinga chepụtara n'oge e guzobere Luo Union na 1947 nke ebumnuche ya bụ ijikọ ndị niile sitere na Luo n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka. Jaramogi Oginga Odinga bụ onye Luo ker mbụ. Dị ka akụkụ nke ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti onye ndú agbụrụ na onye ndú mba, akụkụ nke ọnọdụ ahụ bụ na onye Luo ker agaghị abanye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba; mgbe Jaramogi Oginga Odinga banyere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ego mba na 1957, ọ kwụsịrị ịbụ onye ker.

==== Lu nke abụọ ====
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị otu dị iche iche nke kansụl ndị okenye Luo na-azọrọ oche Luo ker nke malitere site na nhọpụta nke Willis Opiyo Otondi site na Raila Odinga na 2010 iji dochie Ker Riaga Ogalo. Dị ka omenala si dị, ọ bụ Council of Elders na-ahọpụta ker ma a họpụtaghị ya dịka ọ mere na Opondo Otondi, na Luo ker nwere ike ịhapụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ abụọ, ịgba arụkwaghịm ma ọ bụ ọnwụ. Ker Riaga Ogalo kwuru na ọ gbara arụkwaghịm ma ọ bụ nwụọ iji nye ikike nhọpụta nke onye ọzọ, ebe Opiyo Otondi kwuru na ọ bụ onye a họpụtara nke ọma nke ndị Luo. Ker Riaga Ogalo nọchitere anya Raila n'ọtụtụ nnọkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma nyere aka wuo ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Raila Odinga megidere ihe kansụl chọrọ n'oge ha na-ekwu okwu nke ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/336367-struggle-power-splits-luo-council-elders-3-factions.html|title=Struggle for power splits Luo council of elders into 3 factions|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eto Ker Riaga Ogalo maka inwe echiche na-aga n'ihu nke ndị eze Luo niile nke oge a site n'ịkwado ibi úgwù nke ndị ikom Luo iji nyere aka n'ọgụ megide HIV / AIDS. Ibi úgwù bụ ihe na-abụghị omenala Luo mana idu ndú ya mere ọtụtụ obi ịnabata mgbanwe ọhụrụ ahụ. Ker Riaga Ogalo jere ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche nke National Council of Elders. N'ime afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ọchịchị ya, o kwuru na Raila na-egbochi ndị Luo itolite n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na akụ na ụba site na ụdị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Ker Riaga Ogalo nwụrụ n'afọ 2015 mgbe ọ butere ọrịa akụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ mba Kenyatta. Esemokwu nke Kansụl ahụ gara n'ihu mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na Willis Opiyo Otondi ka na-azọrọ na ọ bụ onye ziri ezi nke Ker Nyandiko Ong'adi bụ onye Kansụl Ndị okenye Luo họpụtara na 2015 iji dochie anya ker Riaga Ogalo.

Onye na-achị ugbu a bụ Jaduong Odungi Randa, onye e kpuwere okpueze na 22 Disemba 2023 ka ọ bụrụ onye nke itoolu nke Luo. Mgbalị iji mee ka ndị Luo nọ n'okpuru otu ikike dị mfe n'ihi akụkọ ihe mere eme ha na usoro gọọmentị dị iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/nyanza/2020-08-18-unity-in-sight-as-one-luo-council-faction-quits/|title=Unity in sight as one Luo council faction quits}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Omenala nke ịgafe ===
Dị ka omenala si dị, aha ndị a na-enye ụmụaka na-egosipụtakarị ọnọdụ nke ime ime ime ma ọ bụ ịmụ nwa (gụnyere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, oge ma ọ bụ oge). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues|author=Danver, Steven L.|date=2013|publisher=M.E. Sharpe, Inc|oclc=1026939363}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọzọkwa, ndị Luos ewepụla ezé ala isii n'ihi ọrịa akpịrị nke metụtara ala Luo

=== Nri ===
Nri Luo a ma ama na-agụnye azụ̀ (rech) karịsịa tilapia (ngege) na omenala, nke a na-ejikarị [[ugali]] (nke a na-akpọ__hau____hau____hau__ na Dholuo) na akwụkwọ nri ọdịnala dị ka Osuga na [[Mulukhiyah|apoth]]. Nri ọdịnala ndị Luo bụ ihe a na-eme site na sorghum ma ọ bụ millet tinyere azụ, anụ, ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ nri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Johns|first=Timothy|title=Food Plants of the Luo of Siaya District, Kenya|journal=Economic Botany|date=1991|volume=45|issue=1|pages=103–113|doi=10.1007/BF02860055}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Omenala okpukpe ===
Chọọchị ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ gụnyere ''Legio Maria'', ''Roho'', ''Nomiya'' na ''Fweny'' na ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kustenbauder|first=Matthew|title=Believing in the Black Messiah: The Legio Maria Church in an African Christian Landscape|journal=Nova Religio|date=1 August 2009|volume=13|issue=1|pages=11–40|doi=10.1525/nr.2009.13.1.11|url=http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11073735}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nwere obodo ndị Alakụba Luo, nwere otu a ma ama bi na Kisumu, Kenya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Becker|first=Felicitas|date=2018-06-25|title=The History of Islam in East Africa|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-151|accessdate=2021-12-02|work=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.151}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Omenala alụmdi na nwunye ===
N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị na-eme egwuregwu na-eme ka di na nwunye mata ibe ha, mana nke a abụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị ugbu a. Dị ka ọtụtụ obodo ndị ọzọ na Kenya, omume alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti ndị Luo anọwo na-agbanwe ma ụfọdụ ndị na-apụ n'ụzọ ọdịnala nke ime ihe.

=== Egwú ===
[[Faịlụ:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Luo_dansers_in_krijgskostuum_tijdens_de_Eldoret_Agricultural_Show_TMnr_20014319.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ndị na-agba egwú Luo na Eldoret, Kenya]]
Egwú Luo sitere n'ụzọ ndụ zuru oke, ụdị ndụ, na usoro ndụ nke ndị mmadụ n'otu obodo a. N'ihi nke ahụ, egwu ahụ nwere njirimara nke mere ka ọ dị iche na nke obodo ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike ịhụ nke a, nụ ya, ma nụ ya na abụ ha, ụda, usoro ngosi na ịgba egwú, mmegharị, na nhazi.

Egwú ndị dị na egwu Luo bụ abụ, nwere ọtụtụ ihe ịchọ mma olu. Ihe ịchọ mma ndị a pụtara n'ụzọ doro anya, karịsịa mgbe egwu ahụ bu ozi dị mkpa. A na-eji ọtụtụ syncopation na mmalite acrusic mara ụda ha. A na-egosikarị abụ ndị a n'ụdị nzaghachi onwe onye, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ bụ egwu onwe onye. Ụdị kachasị ewu ewu nke solo performances bụ abụ. Abụ ndị a bụ ndị na-agụ egwú na-enweghị isi na ahịrịokwu, nke na-ebu ozi siri ike. A na-eji abụ ndị a eme ihe ka ọtụtụ n'egwú Luo. Otu ihe atụ bụ ịgba egwu dudu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jones|first=A.M.|date=1973|title=Luo music and its rhythm|journal=African Music: Journal of the African Music Society|volume=5|issue=3|pages=43–54|doi=10.21504/amj.v5i3.1658|url=http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/1658}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe ọzọ pụrụ iche na egwu Luo bụ iwebata abụ ọzọ n'etiti egwu egwu. Abụ na-akwụsị, ụda nke ngwá egwú na-agbadata ma na-agba egwú na'enweghị ike ka onye ọ bụla na-ewere arụmọrụ bụ otuto onwe ya. A na-akpọ nke a '''''Pakrok'''''. E nwekwara ụdị ululation pụrụ iche, '''''Sigalagala''''', nke gosipụtara njedebe nke arụmọrụ egwu. Ọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị na-emekarị Sigalagalagala.

Ụdị ịgba egwú n'egwú ọdịnala Luo mara mma ma dị mma. Ha na-agụnye ma ọ bụ mmegharị nke otu ụkwụ n'akụkụ nke ọzọ na úkwù na-aga n'ihu na ụda nke egwu ma ọ bụ ịma jijiji nke ubu n'ụzọ siri ike, na-abụkarị na ụda nke nyatiti, ngwá egwu nwere eriri asatọ.

Adamson (1967) kwuru na Luos yi uwe ọdịnala ha na ihe ịchọ mma kwesịrị aha ha dị ka ndị kacha mara mma na Kenya. N'oge ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ngosi ha, ndị Luo na-eyi ejiji ma na-achọ onwe ha mma ọ bụghị naanị iji mara mma, kamakwa iji bulie mmegharị ha. Uwe ndị a gụnyere akwa sisal ('''''owalo'''''), beads ('''''Ombulu / tigo''''') nke a na-eyi n'olu na úkwù, na ụrọ na-acha ọbara ọbara ma ọ bụ nke na-acha ọcha nke ụmụ nwanyị na-eyi. Uwe ụmụ nwoke ahụ gụnyere '''''[[kuodi]]''''' ma ọ bụ '''''Chieno''''', akpụkpọ anụ a na-eyi site n'ubu ma ọ bụ site n'úkwù iji kpuchie ọtọ ha, '''''Ligisa''''', okpu isi, ọta na ube, okpu ahịhịa, na mkpara, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. A na-eji ihe ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ eme uwe na ihe ịchọ mma ndị a niile.

Ndị Luo nwekwara ọtụtụ ngwá egwú nke sitere na ụda (ụbọ, clappers, mgbaaka ígwè, '''''ongeng'o ma ọ bụ gara''''', shakers), eriri (dịka, '''''nyatiti''''', ụdị lyre; '''''orutu''''', ụdị fiddle), ifufe ('''''tung''''', mpi, '''''Asili''''', ọjà, '''''A bu-!''''', na otu ụdị opi).
[[Faịlụ:Nyatiti.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Nyatiti]]
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikọta ndị Luo na ụdị egwu ''Benga''. Ọ bụ ụdị dị egwu nke a na-abụ abụ na [[Dholuo]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]], ma ọ bụ Bekee na-abụ na guitar riff. Ọ malitere na 1950s na ndị egwu Luo dị ka George Ramogi na Ochieng 'Kabaselle na-anwa ime ka egwu egwu ọdịnala ha kwekọọ na ngwá egwu ọdịda anyanwụ. Guitar (acoustic, mgbe e mesịrị eletrik) dochiri nyatiti dị ka ngwá egwu eriri. ''Benga'' aghọwo ihe a ma ama nke na ndị egwu si n'agbụrụ niile na-akpọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rateng&amp;#39|title=The Luo Nation-History, Origin and Culture of Luo People of Kenya|url=https://www.academia.edu/11787831|language=en|isbn=978-9966-123-13-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye na-agụ egwu Luo na onye na-egwu egwu nyatiti bụ Ayub Ogada nwetara ihe ngosi zuru oke na 2005 mgbe abụọ n'ime egwu ya gosipụtara na Alberto Iglesias 'Academy Award-nominated score for [[Fernando Mereilles]]' film adaptation of The Constant Gardener.

Ndị egwu Luo ndị ọzọ, n'ụdị dị iche iche, bụ [[Akothee]], [[Suzanna Owíyo|Suzanna Owiyo]], Daniel Owino Misiani, [[Collela Mazee]], Achieng 'Abura, George Ramogi, Musa Juma, Tony Nyadundo na Onyi Papa Jey.

=== Ezinụlọ, ezinụlọ, na ihe nketa ===
Ocholla Ayayo dere na &quot;Traditional Ideology and Ethics among the southern Luo&quot;: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Welbourn|first=F. B.|title=Traditional Ideology and Ethics among the Southern Luo|journal=Journal of Religion in Africa|date=1978|volume=9|issue=2|doi=10.2307/1581402|url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nai:diva-754}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;When the time of the inheritance comes the ideology of seniority is respected: the elder son receives the largest share, followed in the order of seniority. If it is the land to be divided, for instance, the land of the old grandfather's homestead, the senior son gets the middle piece, the second the land to the right hand side of the homestead, and the third son takes the land on the left hand side. After the father's death the senior son takes over the responsibilities of leadership. These groups when considered in terms of genealogy, are people of the same grandfather, and are known in Dholuo as Jokakwaro. They share sacrifices under the leadership of the senior brother. If the brother is dead the next brother in seniority takes the leadership of senior brother. The responsibility and prestige position of leadership is that it puts one into the primary position in harvesting, cultivation, as well as in eating specified parts of the animal killed, usually the best parts. It is the senior brother, who is leading in the group, who can first own the fishing boat. Since it is he who will be communicating with the ancestors of their father or grandfather, it is he who will conduct or lead the sacrifices of religiousity of the boat, as we have noted earlier. [...] The system of the allocation of land by the father while he is still alive is important since it will coincide with the system of inheritance of land. The principle of the division of the land in monogamous families is rather simple and straightforward. [...] The senior son takes the centre portion of all the land of the homestead up to and beyond the gate or to the buffer zone; the second son then has the remainder of the land to divide with the other brothers. If the land is divided among the elder sons after they are married, and take to live in their lands, it often happens that a youngest son remains in the village of the father to care for him in his old age. His inheritance is the last property, called Mondo and the remaining gardens of his mother. [...] In the case of a polygamous village, the land is divided along the same lines, except that within the village, the sons claim the area contiguous to the houses of their mother. Each wife and her children are regarded as if the group constituted was the son of a single woman.By that I mean the children of the senior wife, Mikayi, are given that portion of the total area which could have been given to the senior son in a monogamous family. The sons of Nyachira, the second wife, and the sons of Reru, the third wife, lay claim to those portions which would have fallen to the second and third sons of Mikayi in a monogamous village&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Traditional ideology and ethics among the southern Luo – DiVA {{Cite web|url=http://nai.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:280191/FULLTEXT01|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2013-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014150155/http://nai.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:280191/FULLTEXT01|archivedate=2013-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Paul Hebinck na Nelson Mango na-akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu usoro ezinụlọ na ihe nketa nke Luo na edemede ha &quot;Land and embedded rights: An analysis of land conflicts in Luoland, Western Kenya&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/13060/ASC-075287668-1014-01.pdf?sequence=2|title=Dilemmas of Development: Conflicts of Interest and Their Resolutions in Modernizing Africa|isbn=978-90-5448-081-5|accessdate=2013-10-09|author=Abbink|first=J.|year=2008|publisher=African Studies Centre}}&lt;/ref&gt; Parker MacDonald Shipton na-edekwa ọtụtụ ihe gbasara ikwu, ezinụlọ na ihe Nketa n'etiti ndị Luo n'akwụkwọ ya &quot;Mortgaging the Ancestors: Ideologies of Attachment in Africa&quot;:

&quot;N'èzí ogige obibi, ma ọ bụ (ebe ọ na-enweghị ogige ọzọ) n'èzí na n'ihu ụlọ ya, ndị Luo enweela mmasị na nhazi nke ubi nke n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-egosipụta ogige ụlọ n'ime. Usoro na-esonụ, dị ka akọwapụtara n'ọrụ Gordon Wilson site na 1950s, ka a ka na-ahụ n'oge anyị - ọ bụghị naanị na eserese nke ndị na-enye ihe ọmụma nke ala ha, kamakwa n'ebe ọzọ ebe ogige na-esote nyere ohere ohere ohere, ọ bụ nna ya, ọ ga-enweta ihe karịrị otu nwa ya nwoke nke anọ ka aka ekpe.

== Ihe odide ==

[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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      <text bytes="57835" sha1="e3br8dg7j0t49tj3iu41grqvqs0m79q" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Ndi mbà||image=COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Luo dansers in krijgskostuum tijdens de Eldoret Agricultural Show TMnr 20014318.jpg|caption=A traditional Luo village at Kisumu museum, located in Kisumu.|group=Luo|population=|popplace=Western [[Kenya]] and northern [[Tanzania]]|region1={{flag|Kenya}}|pop1=5,066,966 (2019)&lt;ref name =Census2019&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics&amp;wpdmdl=5730&amp;ind=7HRl6KateNzKXCJaxxaHSh1qe6C1M6VHznmVmKGBKgO5qIMXjby1XHM2u_swXdiR |title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume IV: Distribution of Population by Socio-Economic Characteristics
 |access-date=24 March 2020 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region2={{flag|Tanzania}}|rels=[[Christianity]], [[African Traditional Religion]], [[Islam]]|langs=[[Dholuo]], [[English language|English]], and [[Swahili language|Swahili]]|related=Other [[Luo peoples]], especially [[Adhola people|Adhola]] and [[Alur people|Alur]]}}
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;background:#fff6d9;color:inherit;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; |Luo
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;color:inherit;&quot; |Onye
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |'''Ja''' (m) /'''Nya''' (f) 
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;color:inherit;&quot; |Ndị mmadụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Joluo
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;color:inherit;&quot; |Asụsụ
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Dholuo
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#fee8ab;color:inherit;&quot; |Mba
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |'''Piny''' Luo/Nam Lolwe
|}
  
Ndị '''Luo''' bụ agbụrụ Western Nilotic nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ [[Kenya]] na mpaghara Mara nke dị n&quot;ebe ugwu [[Tanzania]]&quot; id=&quot;mwFQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Tanzania&quot;&gt;Tanzania. Ndị Luo bụ agbụrụ nke anọ kachasị ukwuu nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 5,066,966 na-anọchite anya ihe dịka (~10.6%) nke ngụkọta ndị Kenya mgbe [[Kalenjin people|Kalenjin]] (~14%) site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke afọ 2019 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?ind=7HRl6KateNzKXCJaxxaHSh1qe6C1M6VHznmVmKGBKgO5qIMXjby1XHM2u_swXdiR&amp;wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics&amp;wpdmdl=5730|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20251220115330/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?ind=7HRl6KateNzKXCJaxxaHSh1qe6C1M6VHznmVmKGBKgO5qIMXjby1XHM2u_swXdiR&amp;wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-iv-distribution-of-population-by-socio-economic-characteristics&amp;wpdmdl=5730|archivedate=2025-12-20|accessdate=2026-01-24|work=www.knbs.or.ke|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Ha bụ akụkụ nke otu nnukwu ìgwè ndị Luo yiri ibe ha bi n'ógbè sitere na [[South Sudan]], ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]], ugwu na ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Uganda]], ndịda anyanwụ Kenya, na ugwu Tanzania, na-eme ka ha bụrụ otu n'ime agbụrụ kachasị ukwuu n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Africa.[3]

Ha na-asụ asụsụ Luo, nke a makwaara dị ka Dholuo, nke sitere na ngalaba Western Nilotic nke ezinụlọ asụsụ Nilotic na ezinụlọ asụsụ Nilo-Saharan sara mbara. Dholuo nwere nnukwu myirịta na asụsụ Nilotic nke ndị Luo ndị ọzọ na-asụ.[1] Ndị Luo si Uganda kwaga n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya n'etiti narị afọ nke 15 na 20 na ebili mmiri anọ. Ha na ndị Luo dị na Uganda nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya, ọkachasị ndị Acholi na Padhola. Ka ha na-abanye na Kenya na Tanzania, ha nwere mgbanwe mgbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na omenala ka ha zutere obodo ndị ọzọ e hiwere ogologo oge na mpaghara ahụ.[5][2] Na omenala, ndị Luo na-eme usoro akụ na ụba agwakọta nke ịzụ ehi, ịkọ mkpụrụ na ịkụ azụ site na ịchụ nta.[7] Taa, ndị Luo nwere obere akụkụ dị ukwuu nke ndị ọrụ ọgụgụ isi na ndị ọrụ nka n'ọrụ dị iche iche. Ha na-arụkwa ọrụ dị iche iche, dị ka ịkụ azụ ndị nwe ụlọ, obere ọrụ ugbo, na ọrụ ime obodo. [Ihe ndekọ achọrọ]

Ndị Luo na ndị sitere na ndị agbulu Luo enyela aka dị ukwuu na ọdịbendị na mmepeanya nke oge a. Tom Mboya na Nigel N. Mwangi bụ ndị isi na ọgụ mba Afrịka.  [8] Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Luo, dị ka Thomas Risley Odhiambo Nandy (onye guzobere International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology na onye mmeri nke UNESCO Albert Einstein medal na afọ1991) na Washington Yotto I Ochieng (ọ̄nye mmeri nke Harold Spencer-Jones Gold Medal na afọ 2019 site na Royal Institute of Navigation enwetala otuto mba ụwa maka onyinye ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Thomas Odhiambo Visionary entomologist harnessing science for Africa's poor|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2003/jun/23/guardianobituaries.highereducation1|work=The Guardian|first=Ehsan|author=Masood|date=23 June 2003|accessdate=9 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home - Professor Washington Yotto Ochieng, FREng|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/w.ochieng|accessdate=2022-12-07|work=www.imperial.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Richard S. Odingo bụ osote onyeisi oche nke Intergovernmental Panel on mgbanwe ihu igwe , mgbe ọ natara nrite udo dị ebube na afọ puku abuọ na asaa na Al Gore.&lt;ref name=&quot;odingo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nobel Prizes 2022|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2007/ipcc/26114-intergovernmental-panel-on-climate-change-nobel-lecture-2007/|accessdate=2023-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Barack Obama]], Ọnye isi ojii mbụ nke mba Amerika na onye mmeri nrite udo dị ebube, bụ onye nna onye Kenya Luo, Barack Obama Sr.  Lupita Nyong'o ghọrọ onye isi ojii Africa mbụ meriri onyinye Academy n'afọ puku abụọ na iri na anọ.  Ndị Luo bụ ndị malitere ọtụtụ ụdị egwu a ma ama gụnyere Benga na ohangla. Benga bụ otu n'ime ụdị kachasị ewu ewu n' Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2015-07-09|title=Remembering benga: Kenya's infectious musical gift to Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/09/music-benga-kenya-guitar-finger-picking|accessdate=2022-12-07|work=the Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebe ==
Obodo ala obibi nke Kenya na Tanzanian Luo dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria]] - ''Nam Lolwe'' na mpaghara Nyanza nke dị na Western Kenya na mpaghara Mara nke dị n'akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Tanzania. Mpaghara a na-ada n'ime latitudes okpomọkụ ma na-agafe n'etiti etiti. Mpaghara a na-enwetakwa nkezi mmiri ozuzo. Nkezi ịdị elu dị n'agbata 3,700 na 6,000 ụkwụ n'elu oke osimiri.

== Mmalite ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;

=== Mmalite ya ===
[[Faịlụ:Luo_Language.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Map nke ụfọdụ ndị Luo]]
Ndị Luo nke Kenya na Tanzania mejupụtara ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Nilotic.[17] N'oge ndị Briten na-achị, a maara ha dị ka Nilotic Kavirondo .  Ezigbo ebe ndị Nilotic si bụ arụmụka mana ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-etinye mmalite ha n'etiti [[Sudan]])&quot; id=&quot;mwmg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Bahr el Ghazal (region of [[South Sudan]])&quot;&gt;Bahr-el-Ghazal na Eastern Equatoria na South Sudan. Ha na-eme ngwakọta akụ na ụba nke ịkpa ehi, ịkụ azụ na ịkọ mkpụrụ.[7] Ụfọdụ n'ime nchọpụta ihe ochie kachasị ochie, nke na-akọwa ọdịbendị yiri nke a site n'otu mpaghara ahụ, dị na Kadero, kilomita 48 (30 kilomita) n'ebe ugwu Khartoum na Sudan, ma malite na 3000 BC. Kadero nwere ihe fọdụrụnụ nke omenala ndị na-azụ ehi yana ili ozu nwere ọkpụkpụ na-egosi ụdị ndị Afrịka ndịda Sahara. O nwekwara ihe akaebe nke anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, nka, azụmahịa dị anya, ịkụ mkpụrụ na iri azụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Krzyzaniak|first=Lech|title=The Archaeological Site of Kadero, Sudan|journal=Current Anthropology|date=December 1976|volume=17|issue=4|doi=10.1086/201823}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Marshall|first=Fiona|title=Cattle Before Crops: The Beginnings of Food Production in Africa|journal=Journal of World Prehistory|date=2002|volume=16|issue=2|pages=99–143|doi=10.1023/A:1019954903395}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Krzyzaniak|first=Lech|title=New Light on Early Food-Production in the Central Sudan|journal=The Journal of African History|date=April 1978|volume=19|issue=2|pages=159–172|doi=10.1017/S0021853700027572}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na asụsụ egosila na Ndị Nubian nọ n'ebe Ugwu Sudan na Ndịda Ijipt bụ otu ngwakọta nke malitere dị ka ndị nwere njikọ chiri anya na ndị Nilotic.  &lt;ref name=&quot;hollfelder&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hollfelder|first=Nina|title=Northeast African genomic variation shaped by the continuity of indigenous groups and Eurasian migrations|journal=PLOS Genetics|date=24 August 2017|volume=13|issue=8|doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1006976|pmid=28837655}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rilly|first=Claude|title=The Wadi Howar Diaspora and its role in the spread of East Sudanic languages from the fourth to the first millennia BCE|journal=Faits de Langues|date=2016|volume=47|issue=1|pages=151–163|doi=10.1163/19589514-047-01-900000010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị a mechara nweta nnukwu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa site na Middle East na ndị ọzọ bi n&quot;ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka.&lt;ref name=&quot;hollfelder&quot; /&gt; A na-ewere ndị Nubian dị ka ụmụ nke ndị mbụ bi na ndagwurugwu Naịl bụ ndị mesịrị guzobe alaeze Kush nke gụnyere Kerma na [[Meroë|Meroe]] na alaeze ndị Kraịst nke oge ochie nke Makuria, Nobatia na Alodia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cooper|first=Julien|title=Toponymic Strata in Ancient Nubia until the Common Era|journal=Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies|date=2017|volume=4|doi=10.5070/d64110028}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha ndị a na-egosi na ndị nwere njikọ chiri anya na ndị Nilotic biri na ndagwurugwu Naịl ruo n'ebe ndịda Ijipt n'oge ochie.

N'ihi ihe dị iche iche, njem ndị Nilotic Luo ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na ọtụtụ ọgbọ sitere na South Sudan banye Uganda na ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya site na opekata mpe Otu puku AD na-aga n'ihu ruo na mmalite narị afọ nke 20.[26]. Ụfọdụ ndị ode akwụkwọ kwuru na usoro mmalite nke mgbasawanye a dabara na ọdịda nke alaeze Nubian nke Ndị Kraịst nke Makuria na Alodia, ntinye nke ndị Arab na etiti Sudan yana nnabata Nilotic nke teknụzụ Iron Age.[1][2]. Ọtụtụ ndị Luo nke ugwu - ndị Shilluk - gara n'ihu n'ebe ugwu n'akụkụ Osimiri Naịl na narị afọ nke 16, na-emeri ókèala ruo Khartoum nke oge a.[3] Ha hiwere ala eze Shilluk.[30][4] Na narị afọ nke 15, ndị Luo kwagara n'alaeze Bunyoro-Kitara wee guzobe usoro ndị eze Babiito na Uganda. Otu a jikọtara na omenala Bantu.[30]

A na-ahazi [[Asụsụ Southern Luo|Ndịda Luo]] nke [[Kenya]] na [[Tanzania]] dị ka ndị Southern Luo.[32] na ha bụ naanị 'ọdọ mmiri Nilotes' kwagara ma biri n'akụkụ Osimiri Naịl. Ha banyere Kenya na Tanzania site na [[Uganda]] site na mpaghara [[South Sudan]])&quot;&gt;Bahr el-Ghazal na [[South Sudan]]. Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo ndị kwagara Kenya sitere n'ìgwè anọ na-asụrụ asụsụ Luo: ndị [[Acholi people|Acholi]]_people&quot; id=&quot;mwAQg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Acholi people&quot;&gt;Acholi, Adhola na Alur (Site na [[Uganda]] na akụkụ nke South Sudan na Eastern Congo), karịsịa Acholi na Padhola.  [5] A na-eme atụmatụ na Dholuo nwere pesenti iri iteghete yiri Lep Alur ([[Asụsụ Alur]]); pesenti iri asato na atọ  na Lep Achol (Asụsụ Acholi); pesenti iri iteghete na atọ na Dhopadhola (asụsụ Padhola), iri asaa na anọ na [[Anuak language|Anuak]], na pesenti iri isii na iteghete na Jurchol (Luwo) na Dhi-Pari (Pari). &lt;ref name=&quot;hammer&quot; /&gt;

A na-akpọkwa Luo nke Kenya na Tanzania '''Joluo''' ma ọ bụ '''Jonagi''' / Onagi (onye e wepụrụ ezé isii ya dị ka emume nke ịgafe n'oge uto), otu '''Jaluo''', '''Jaonagi''' ma ọ bụ '''Joramogi''' / '''Nyikwaramogi''', nke pụtara &quot;ndị nketa Ramogi. &quot; A na- kpọrọ agbụrụ Luo nke Kenya ma ọ bụ Tanzania '''Ororo''', ebe a na-akpọ ha '''Liel''' n'etiti ndị Nuer. N'ebo Dinka, a na-akpọ ndị Luo '''Jur-Chol'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Odhiambo, Atieno.|title=Siaya: the Historical Anthropology of an African Landscape|date=1989|publisher=J. Currey|oclc=1096480559}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị Kenya Luo nke oge a nwere agbụrụ iri abụọ na asaa, nke ọ bụla n'otu n'otu nwere agbụrụ dị iche iche na obere agbụrụ  (&quot;Jo-&quot; na-egosi &quot;ndị&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ogot, Bethwell A.|title=History of the Southern Luo: Volume I, Migration and Settlement, (Series: Peoples of East Africa)|publisher=[[East African Publishing House]], Nairobi|year=1967}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ịkwaga Kenya ===
[[Faịlụ:Nyanza_in_Kenya.svg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ógbè Nyanza nke dị na Kenya]]
A na-eji akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe akaebe nke usoro ọmụmụ eme ihe iji tụọ usoro oge nke mgbasawanye Luo n'ime na n'ime [[Kenya]] na Tanzania. A na-ahụ nnukwu ebili mmiri anọ nke ịkwaga n'ime mpaghara Nyanza mbụ na Kenya, malite na ndị Jok (''Joka Jok''), nke a na-eme atụmatụ na ọ malitere n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1490- ruo n'afọ 1517.[35] ''Joka Jok'' bụ ndị mbụ na ndị kasị ukwuu kwagara n'ebe ugwu Nyanza. Ndị mbịarambịa a biri n'ebe a na-akpọ Ramogi Hill, wee gbasaa gburugburu Northern Nyanza. Ndị Owiny' (''Jok'Owiny'') na ndị Omolo (Jok 'Omolo) sochiri n'oge na-adịghị anya (bido n'afọ 1598- wee ruo n'afọ 1625). [5] Otu ìgwè dị iche iche nke Suba, Sakwa, Asembo, Uyoma na Kano sochiri. Ndị Suba bụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Bantu na mbụ bụ ndị sonyere na omenala Luo. Ha gbapụrụ n'[[Uganda]]_Kingdom&quot; id=&quot;mwAUo&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Buganda Kingdom&quot;&gt;Alaeze Buganda dị na Uganda mgbe esemokwu obodo nke sochiri ogbugbu nke 24th Kabaka nke Buganda n'etiti narị afọ nke 18 wee biri na South Nyanza, ọkachasị na agwaetiti Rusinga na Mfangano.[36] Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo gafere Winam Gulf nke Lake Victoria site na Northern Nyanza gaa South Nyanza malite na mmalite narị afọ nke 17.[5]

Ka ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya, ha zutere ụmụ nke ndị mmadụ dị iche iche bi n'ógbè ahụ ogologo oge. E biri na mpaghara Great Lakes kemgbe mmalite oge nkume.[37] A na-eche na ọdịbendị Kanysore, nke dị na Gogo Falls na Migori county, bụ ndị na-achụ nta na-achịkọta ihe mbụ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka iji mepụta ite.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Dale|first=Darla|title=Holocene hunter-fisher-gatherer communities: new perspectives on Kansyore Using communities of Western Kenya|journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa|date=April 2010|volume=45|issue=1|pages=24–48|doi=10.1080/00672700903291716}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eche na Ndị Twa mepụtara ihe osise nkume dị na Mfangano Island.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-15|title=Kenya - Trust For African Rock Art|url=https://africanrockart.org/kenya/|accessdate=2023-08-01|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eche na Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Bantu, ndị mbịarambịa mbụ si n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka, rutere n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya site na 1000 BC. Ha wetara ha teknụzụ ịkpụ ígwè na usoro ọrụ ugbo ọhụrụ, na-agbanwe mpaghara nnukwu ọdọ mmiri ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ebe ndị mmadụ bi n'Africa na mpaghara ndị mbụ na-agbaze ígwè.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ehret|first=Christopher|title=Bantu Expansions: Re-Envisioning a Central Problem of Early African History|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|date=2001|volume=34|issue=1|pages=5–41|doi=10.2307/3097285}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọdịbendị Urewe na-achịkwa site na 650 BC ruo 550 BC. A chọtara ọdịbendị a n'ebe ugwu Nyanza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lane|first=Paul|title=New Dates for Kansyore and Urewe Wares from Northern Nyanza, Kenya|journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa|date=January 2006|volume=41|issue=1|pages=123–138|doi=10.1080/00672700609480438}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ìgwè ndị na-asụ asụsụ Bantu a hụrụ na ọdọ mmiri Victoria taa gụnyere Luhya, Suba, Kunta, Kuria na Kisii. A hụkwara ndị na-asụ Southern Nilotic, ndị Nandi, Kipsigis na [[Ndị Maasai]] n'ógbè a.[5]
[[Faịlụ:Thimlich_Ohinga_Cultural_Landscape-_Kenya.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Thimlich Ohinga na Migori County, South Nyanza, Kenya]]
Mgbasawanye Luo n'ime ebe ndị a bibu na ha dugara na azụmahịa, esemokwu, mmeri, alụmdi na nwunye na omenala. Ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo chụpụrụ ndị bi na mbụ ruo ókèala ha ugbu a.[42] A chụpụrụ ndị Luhya n'ebe dị elu. A chụpụrụ ndị Kuria n'ebe ndịda n'etiti ókèala Kenya na Tanzania. A chụpụrụ ndị Nandi na Kipsigis n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa Anyanwụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shipton|first=Parker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9jZqdbAKa8C|title=Mortgaging the Ancestors: Ideologies of Attachment in Africa|date=6 January 2009|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-15274-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Reflist}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shipton|first=Parker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9jZqdbAKa8C|title=Mortgaging the Ancestors: Ideologies of Attachment in Africa|date=6 January 2009|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-15274-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ndị Luo kwagara n'ógbè Nyanza, ndị Bantu nọ n'óù ahụ kwụsịrị ibi úgwù ka ha na-anabatawanye omenala Luo. Ụmụ nwanyị keere òkè dị mkpa n'imeri mmachibido iwu maka alụmdi na nwunye site na ịgbanwe omume ibi úgwù na omenala ndị ọzọ. Ụmụ nwanyị Luo gwara ndị ikom Bantu nọ n'ógbè ahụ, &quot;Ọ bụrụ na pesenti ị chọrọ ịlụ anyị ị ga-akwụsị ibi úgwù ma tinye ezé gị n'okpuru, ka ị wee yie anyị ma anyị nwee ike ịlụ gị. &quot;Ndị Suba na ndị ọzọ Bantu nwere mmasị na ndị nwunye Luo n'ihi na ọgaranya ha dị ala ma ọ bụ na-adịghị. Ụmụ nwanyị Luo bi n'obodo Suba gwara ụmụ ha na Luo okwu, bụ ndị ghọrọ ndị na-asụ asụsụ abụọ. Asụsụ Luo gbasara ngwa ngwa n'ụzọ a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shetler|first=Jan Bender|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1kOdDwAAQBAJ|title=Claiming Civic Virtue: Gendered Network Memory in the Mara Region, Tanzania|date=9 July 2019|publisher=University of Wisconsin Pres|isbn=978-0-299-32290-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Omenala na omume Luo gbanwekwara ka ha na-anabata omenala nke obodo ndị ha na ha na-emekọrịta ihe.[42] Esemokwu na mwakpo n'ógbè a dịgasị iche iche dugara na mmepe nke ụlọ savanna na-echebe onwe ya, nke a na-ahụkarị na mkpọmkpọ ebe nkume, Thimlich Ohinga na South Nyanza.[46] Neville Chittick, onye nduzi nke British Institute of History and Archaeology na East Africa bụ onye mbụ kwusiri ike na o yikarịrị ka e wuru ebe ahụ tupu ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo abịarute.[46] Otú ọ dị, nkwupụta a enweghị nkwado dị mma site na nkà mmụta ihe ochie, n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime ihe owuwu ndị e ji mgbidi nkume rụọ bụ n'ime oge mgbasawanye Luo. &lt;ref name=&quot;Odede&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Secrets in stone|journal=Kenya Past and Present|date=1 January 2006|volume=36|issue=1|pages=67–72|url=https://journals.co.za/content/kenya/36/1/AJA02578301_479}}&lt;/ref&gt; [48] Ka o sina dị, ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo nọgidere na Thimlich Ohinga ma gaa n'ihu na omenala nke iwu ụlọ elu ndị e ji nkume rụọ (''Ohingni'') yana ọrụ ala nchebe (''Gunda Bur'') na Northern na Southern Nyanza. Ọrụ ala ndị a na-echebe ga-agba gburugburu ebe obibi ndị gbara ha gburugburu. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe owuwu ndị a na-echebe ọtụtụ narị ụlọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;gunda&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Luo Exhibition Settlements Pitt Rivers Museum|url=http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/Luo/luo/page/exhibition-settlements/index.html|accessdate=2024-07-10|work=web.prm.ox.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha ihe mgbe ochie na ethnographic nke saịtị ndị ahụ egosila na nhazi nke ihe owuwu ndị a yiri nke ọma nhazi nke ebe obibi ọdịnala Luo. Nnyocha ceramic na-egosikwa ịga n'ihu n'etiti ndị mbụ bi na saịtị ndị a na ndị na-asụ Luo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Odede&quot; /&gt; Site na mbata nke ndị Europe, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ wepụ ebe ndị a ka nchịkwa ọchịchị na-eme udo na mpaghara ahụ. Ezinụlọ ndị bi n'ogige ahụ kwagara n'ụlọ ndị dị iche iche site na iji euphorbia kama nkume dị ka ihe mgbidi. Mgbidi bụ ihe owuwu nke na-ekpuchi mpaghara, nke na-adịkarị n'èzí na-emepụta ókèala, a na-ejikarị post ndị ejiri bọọdụ jikọọ. Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti narị afọ nke 20, a gbahapụrụ ha niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Odede&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gunda&quot; /&gt;

=== Oge ndị ọchịchị na-achị ===
Mmekọrịta mbụ nke Ndị Britain na ndị Luo bụ nke na-apụtaghị ìhè na nke na-aga n'ihu. Mmekọrịta siri ike naanị mgbe mmezu nke Ụgbọ okporo ígwè Uganda gosipụtara ebumnuche ndị Britain ma wepụ mkpa maka njikọ aka mpaghara. N'afọ 1896, e mere njem ntaramahụhụ iji kwado onye ọchịchị Wanga Mumia na Ugenya megide ezinụlọ Kager nke Ochieng Ger III, nke a makwaara dị ka Gero. Ihe karịrị narị abuọ nwụrụ ngwa ngwa site na Mgbọ Maxim. Mmadụ nari atọ ọzọ nọ na nguzogide Uyoma nwụrụ site na njem nke Sir Charles Horbley (Bwana Obila Muruayi) duziri mgbe ha na-anapụ ehi Luo iji nyere ndị ọrụ India na-ewu ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Uganda aka. Mgbe esemokwu ndị a gasịrị, ndị isi ime mmụọ Luo dụrụ ndị mmadụ ọdụ ka ha na ndị Briten rụkọọ ọrụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1900, onye isi Luo bụ Odera na-enye ndị na-ebugharị 1,500 maka njem ndị Briten megide ndị Nandi.[50] Ndị Briten guzobere isi ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara mbụ na Mumias mgbe ahụ na Kisumu. Ha rụrụ ọrụ iji mee ka ndị Luo nọrọ n'okpuru nchịkwa na nchịkwa. N'ime iri afọ ole na ole, ndị isi ọdịnala na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ka ndị isi ọchịchị na-anọchi.
[[Faịlụ:Luo_dancer_ostrich_plume.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|Mgirango Jaluo na ejiji ịgba egwú]]
Ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke ụka Seventh-day Adventist so n'ime ndị ozi ala ọzọ mbụ nke Ndị Kraịst na-eme ka ndị Luo gbanwee. Arthur Carscallen, onye Canadian Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) bụ onye Adventist mbụ rụrụ ọrụ na Kenya na Peter Nyambo, si Nyasaland (Malawi ugbu a). E meghere ozi mbụ site n'enyemaka nke onye ozi ala ọzọ Germany Abraham C. Enns, na Nọvemba n'afọ1906 na Gendia Hill, Kendu Bay. Ndị ozi ala ọzọ a guzobere ọdụ na Wire Hill, Rusinga Island, Kanyadoto, Karung, Kisii na Kamagambo. Ndị a niile dị na South Nyanza. E mere ndị Luo SDA mbụ a tọghatara baptizim na 21 Mee 1911. Carscallen bụ onye mbụ belatara [[Dholuo]] ka ọ bụrụ ihe ederede. O wepụtara akwụkwọ nkuzi nke ụtọ asụsụ wee malite ịsụgharị Bible n'asụsụ Dholuo. Ndị ozi ala ọzọ Katọlik na ndị ozi ala ọzọ Anglican site na Church Mission Society (CMS)  na-arụkwa ọrụ na Nyanza dum, mana ha lekwasịrị anya na Northern Nyanza.

Ọ ka bụ ihe a na-ejighị n'aka ma ndị '''Luo''' ọ bụ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ n'ihi nrụgide nke ndị ọchịchị ma ọ bụ na ha nabatara akụkụ nke ọdịbendị ọdịda anyanwụ. Otú ọ dị, ka ọ na-erule afọ 1930, ụzọ ndụ Luo agbanweela nke ukwuu ma ghọọ nke ọdịda anyanwụ. Ụfọdụ na-atụ aro na mgbalị nke ndị isi (Ruoth) dịka ''Odera Akang'o'' keere òkè na nke a. N'afọ 1915, Gọọmentị Colonial zigara Odera Akang'o, onye na-ahụ maka Gem, na Kampala, Uganda. Ndị Briten bi n'ebe ahụ masịrị ya ma mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ, ọ malitere usoro a manyere ya ịnakwere ụdị ọdịda anyanwụ nke &quot;ụlọ akwụkwọ, uwe na ịdị ọcha&quot;. Nke a mere ka agụmakwụkwọ ngwa ngwa nke ndị Luo n'asụsụ Bekee na ụzọ Bekee. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Residents protest the demolition of Odera Akang'o's cell|date=6 September 2020|url=https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/residents-protest-the-demolition-of-odera-akangos-cell/|accessdate=2023-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmụta ndị Europe nke ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ndị Kraịst na-arụkwa ọrụ na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Luo.&lt;ref name=&quot;jananga&quot; /&gt;

Nkwado doro anya nke ọchịchị ndị Britain mebiri site na otu a maara dị ka Mumboism nke gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na South Nyanza. N'afọ 1913, Onyango Dunde nke etiti Kavirondo kwupụtara na ọ bụ ndị chi agwọ nke Lake Victoria, Mumbo zitere ya iji gbasaa ozizi ya. Gọọmentị na-achị mba ahụ ghọtara mmegharị a dị ka ihe iyi egwu nye ikike ha n'ihi nkwenkwe Mumbo. Mumbo kwere nkwa ịchụpụ ndị na-achị ala na ndị na-akwado ha ma katọọ okpukpe ha. Ebe ọ bụ na e gosipụtara na mmegide ime ihe ike bụ ihe efu ka ndị Afrịka meriri na teknụzụ, mmegharị a lekwasịrị anya n'ịtụ anya njedebe nke ọchịchị ala ọzọ, kama ịkpali ya. A na-ahazi òtù a dị ka òtù nzuzo nke puku afọ. Mumboism gbasara n'etiti ndị Luo na Ndị Kisii. Ndị ọchịchị na-achị mba ahụ gbochiri òtù ahụ site n'ịchụpụ na ịtụ ndị na-eso ụzọ mkpọrọ n'afọ ndị 1920 na 1930. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Shadle|first=Brett L.|title=Patronage, Millennialism and the Serpent God Mumbo in South-West Kenya, 1912–34|journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute|date=2002|volume=72|issue=1|pages=29–54|doi=10.2307/3556798}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Africa nke oge a na Kenya Colony chọrọ ime mkpesa megide iwu ndị bi na ya, ma mụbaa ụtụ isi na ndị Afrịka na ''Kipande'' a na-eleda anya (Ịmata eriri ígwè a na-eyi n'olu). Ndị Luo nọ na Kavirondo na Ndị Kikuyu nọ na Nairobi haziri nzukọ ọha na eze iche. Ọ bụ Daudi Basudde haziri ọgbaghara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi CMS dị na Maseno. O welitere nchegbu banyere mmetụta na-emebi ihe na ala Afrịka site na ịgbanwere site na East African Protectorate gaa na Kenya Colony. Usoro nzukọ a na-akpọ ''Piny Owacho'' (Olu nke Ndị Mmadụ) ruru n'ókè na nnukwu nzukọ e nwere na Disemba 1921 na-akwado maka ọrụ aha onye ọ bụla, iwepụ usoro ''Kipande'' na usoro ụtụ isi ziri ezi. N'ịbụ onye otu nchegbu ahụ jidere, James Beauttah, otu n'ime ndị guzobere Kikuyu Central Association malitere njikọ aka n'etiti obodo Kikuyu na Luo.[56] Archdeacon Walter Edwin Owen, onye ozi ala ọzọ Anglican na onye nkwado a ma ama maka ihe omume Africa, kwadoro ma mee ka ''Piny' Owacho'' (Olu nke Ndị Mmadụ) bụrụ otu. Ndị ọchịchị na-achị mba ahụ ga-eto ya dị ka onye duziri usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ahụ, nke a na-eche na ọ bụ oge. Otú ọ dị, ndị obodo ahụ weere ya dị ka onye na-akwado ha. Ọ malitere Kavirondo Taxpayers Welfare Association wee bụrụ onye isi oche ya, na-enye ndị Afrịka ụzọ ha ga-esi dozie mkpesa ha. Otú ọ dị, o lekwasịrị anya n'ihe gbasara ọdịmma ma zere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ga-ewe iwe ndị ọchịchị na-achị ala ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Murray|first=Nancy Uhlar|title=Archdeacon W. E. Owen: Missionary as Propagandist|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|date=1982|volume=15|issue=4|pages=653–670|doi=10.2307/217849}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nnupụisi Mau Mau ===
[[Faịlụ:Acheing_Oneko_(cropped).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Achieng Oneko Otu n'ime Kapenguria Isii]]
Ndị ọcha na-ebi n'ala ha anaghị anapụ ndị Luo n'ozuzu ha, na-ezere ọdịnihu nke dakwasịrị ndị agbụrụ na-azụ atụrụ bi na &quot;White Highlands&quot; nke Kenya. Ọtụtụ ndị Luo keere òkè dị mkpa n'ọgụ maka nnwere onwe Kenya, mana ndị mmadụ etinyeghị aka na Mau Mau Uprising (1952-60). Kama nke ahụ, ha jiri agụmakwụkwọ ha mee ihe iji kwalite ebumnuche nke nnwere onwe n'udo. Mgbasa mgbasa ozi siri ike nke gọọmentị na-achị mba ahụ mere ka obodo ndị ọzọ nke Kenya, ndị bi na mba ụwa ghara inwe ọmịiko na mmegharị ahụ site n'ịkwado omume obi ọjọọ nke Mau Mau mere. Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị Europe tụfuru ndụ ha ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị Afrịka n'oge nnupụisi ahụ, a kpọsara ọnwụ ọ bụla nke ndị Europe n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na-ekwusi ike na ihe ndị metụtara aghụghọ na mmekọahụ anụmanụ. N'ihi ya, ndị Kikuyu kwadoro ngagharị iwe ahụ bụ ndị malitere nnupụisi ahụ. A tụkwara ndị Luo na-akwado Mau Mau na ndị gọọmentị na-achị ala ahụ weere na ha ga-akwado ya. Karịsịa, Ramogi Achieng Oneko, onye ndu KAU na otu n'ime Kapenguria isii. Nna nna [[Barack Obama]], Hussein Onyango Obama, sonyere n'òtù ndị mba Afrịka. Ndị ọchịchị na-achị mba ahụ tụrụ ya mkpọrọ ma mekpọọ ya ọnụ n'ihi na a na-enyo ya enyo na ọ na-etinye aka na Nnupụisi Mau Mau.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Orengoh|first=Ben Macintyre and Paul|date=2023-07-31|title=Beatings and abuse made Barack Obama's grandfather loathe the British|work=[[The Times]]|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/beatings-and-abuse-made-barack-obamas-grandfather-loathe-the-british-zg8qnn7jbrg|accessdate=2023-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọkaiwu Luo Argwings Kodhek, onye mbụ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka nwetara akara ugo mmụta n'iwu, ghọrọ onye a maara dị ka onye ọka iwu Mau Mau ka ọ ga-agbachitere ndị Afrịka a na-ebo ebubo mpụ Mau pro bono.[61]
[[Faịlụ:Tom_Mboya_1962_(cropped).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Tom Mboya]]
Nhọrọ mbụ maka ndị otu African nke Kansụl Iwu (MLCs) bụ na 1957. A họpụtara Tom Mboya na Oginga Odinga.[67] Na June 1958, Oginga Odinga kpọrọ oku ka a tọhapụ Jomo Kenyatta onye a tụrụ mkpọrọ mgbe a machibidoro nnupụisi Mau Mau. O mere oku a na arụmụka kansụl iwu. Ọ tachiri obi ọtụtụ ọnwa nke mkpagbu maka iwere nguzo a tupu ọ ghọọ oku maka mmeghachi omume mba Afrịka.[68] E mere Nzukọ nke Lancaster House na London iji kwurịta nnwere onwe Kenya na usoro iwu. Tom Mboya na Oginga Odinga nwetara enyemaka nke Thurgood Marshall, onye ọka iwu America na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ iji dee iwu mbụ.  [69]

Mgbe Kenya nweere onwe ya na 12 Disemba 1963, Oginga Odinga jụrụ ịbụ onye isi ala nke Kenya ma kweta iwere osote onye isi ala na Jomo Kenyatta dị ka onye isi ala. Ọchịchị ha nọchitere anya otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Kenya African National Union (KANU). Ndị Luo na ndị Kikuyu ketara ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'afọ ndị mbụ mgbe Kenya nweere onwe ya na 1963.  Otú ọ dị, esemokwu ya na Kenyatta mere ka Odinga si n'òtù ahụ pụọ ma hapụ ọkwa osote onye isi ala na 1966. Agha ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Agha Nzuzo na-arụ ọrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kenya.[70] Ndị ọdịda anyanwụ na ndị ọwụwa anyanwụ na-achọsi ike imetụta ime iwu obodo ma merie ndị enyi na-akpata agha oyi na Kenya. Ọchịchị obodo ahụ jupụtara na nkewa echiche nke agha oyi. Odinga na Bildad Kaggia, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kikuyu na onye ndú Mau, katọrọ gọọmentị Kenyatta maka ịnakwere iwu nkesa ala rụrụ arụ nke na-abaghị uru ndị ogbenye na ndị na-enweghị ala. E gburu Pio Gama Pinto, onye a ma ama na-emegide ọchịchị, onye isi na-eme atụmatụ na njikọ ya na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Odinga na 25 Febụwarị 1965 n'ihe a ghọtara dị ka ogbugbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mbụ nke Kenya. Odinga nọgidere na-anọpụ iche na gọọmentị ma mesịa bụrụ onye a manyere ịgba arụkwaghịm ma malite otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ya - Kenya People's Union (KPU) .  Kenya People's Union (KPU)  nwere nkwado siri ike n'etiti ndị Luo.[73] Gọọmentị Kenyatta kpagburu pati a. E mere iwu nchekwa na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu na July 1966 nke nyere gọọmentị ohere ijide mmadụ n'enweghị ikpe iji mee ka iwu na usoro dị n'ọnọdụ ebe a na-eyi iwu ugbu a egwu. E ji Iwu a mee ihe ozugbo megide ndị otu KPU.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Conboy|first=Kevin|title=Detention Without Trial in Kenya|journal=Georgia Journal of International &amp; Comparative Law|date=11 February 2016|volume=8|issue=2|url=https://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/gjicl/vol8/iss2/9/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 1966, ndị uwe ojii gọọmentị jidere ndị òtù Luo KPU a ma ama gụnyere Ochola Mak'Anyengo (odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Kenya Petroleum Oil Workers Union), Oluande Koduol (odeakwụkwọ onwe onye nke Oginga Odinga) na Peter Ooko (odeakwụkwọ isi nke East African Common Services Civil Servants Union) ma jide ha n'ebughị ụzọ kpee ha ikpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=1966-08-05|title=5 opposition leaders seized|page=1|work=Pasadena Independent|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/pasadena-independent-5-opposition-leader/15272844/|accessdate=2023-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agha Nzuzo ahụ ruru n'ókè ha kachasị elu na 1969. Kemgbe Odinga hapụrụ KANU, ndị Luo nọgidere na-abụ ndị a chụpụrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Argwings Kodhek, onye ọka iwu Mau Mau nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọ ala n'ọnọdụ dị omimi na 29 Jenụwarị 1969. E gburu Tom Mboya, onye a na-akpọkarị onye ga-anọchi Kenyatta, ọnwa isii ka nke ahụ gasịrị na 5 Julaị 1969. Esemokwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dugara na ogbugbu Kisumu mgbe ndị nche onye isi ala na ndị uwe ojii nke Kenyatta gbara ọtụtụ ndị nkịtị égbè ma gbuo ha na Kisumu Town, isi obodo Nyanza Province. Mgbe ogbugbu a gasịrị, a machibidoro KPU iwu, na-eme ka Kenya bụrụ steeti otu. E jidere ndị otu KPU niile ma jide ha n'ebughị ụzọ kpee ha ikpe, gụnyere Oginga Odinga. Mgbukpọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mpaghara Nyanza kara njọ ma gaa n'ihu n'okpuru ọchịchị Moi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Odinga, Oginga.|title=Not yet Uhuru: the autobiography of Oginga Odinga.|date=1977|publisher=Heinemann|isbn=0-435-90038-2|oclc=264794347}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-28|title=Dark Saturday in 1969 when Jomo's visit to Kisumu turned bloody|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/dark-saturday-in-1969-when-jomo-s-visit-to-kisumu-turned-bloody-101870|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=Nation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A tọhapụrụ Oginga Odinga n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'afọ 1971. Gọọmentị gara n'ihu na-egbochi ya itinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ihi na ọ pụghị ịzọ ọkwa na Ntuli aka nke afọ 1974. &lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kenya - Colonialism, Mau Mau, Independence {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kenya/World-War-II-to-independence|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1982, Odinga nwara ịmalite otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọhụrụ - Kenya African Socialist Alliance .[80] Akụkụ nke 2A nke usoro Iwu Kenya gbanwere na-eme ka Kenya bụrụ otu steeti n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro ya wee gbochie mbọ Odinga. Mgbalị ndị agha Kenya Air Force mere n'otu afọ ahụ n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, nke onye Luo, Hezekiah Ochuka duziri, kụrụ afọ n'ala. Oginga Odinga na nwa ya nwoke Raila Odinga e boro ebubo itinye aka ma jide ha n'ebughị ụzọ kpee ha ikpe ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa.[80]&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot; /&gt; Ihe omume ndị a dugara n'ọtụtụ afọ nke nchụpụ nke obodo Luo. E mere ka echiche nke ịpụ iche site na ogbugbu nke Robert Ouko, Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ na 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2010-12-09|title=Robert Ouko 'killed in Kenya State House'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-11962534|accessdate=2024-03-01|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbukpọ akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke obodo na njikwa akụ na ụba ọdachi na Kenya, ọkachasị n'okpuru nchịkwa nke KANU nke steeti ọhụrụ ahụ, nwere ọdachi nye ndị Kenya. N'agbanyeghị ikike akụ na ụba nke [[Ọdọ Mmiri Victoria]] dị nso, Kenya na-aga n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ na ịda ogbenye na HIV / AIDS.

Mmetụta obodo na nke mba ụwa na mbido afọ 1990 mere ka Gọọmentị m kagbuo mmezigharị nke ngalaba 2A nke iwu. Ya mere, e nyere ikike ka e nwee ọtụtụ òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Kenya. E guzobere Forum for Restoration of Democracy (FORD), otu ndị na-emegide ọtụtụ agbụrụ nke Oginga Odinga, Kenneth Matiba na Martin Shikuku duziri. Òtù a kewara n'ihi esemokwu dị n'ime òtù ndị na-emegide agbụrụ - FORD-Asili (nke Matiba duziri) na FORD-Kenya (nke Oginga Odinga duziri). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Brown|first=Stephen|title=Authoritarian leaders and multiparty elections in Africa: How foreign donors help to keep Kenya's Daniel arap Moi in power|journal=Third World Quarterly|date=October 2001|volume=22|issue=5|pages=725–739|doi=10.1080/01436590120084575}}&lt;/ref&gt; Oginga Odinga nwụrụ na 1994.

Ford-Kenya mechara kewaa ma nwa Odinga, Raila Odinga malitere National Development Party of Kenya (NDP) nke nwere nkwado Luo dị ukwuu. Òtù a sonyeere KANU n'afọ 2002, obere oge tupu ntuli aka.  A na-eto Raila Odinga n'ọtụtụ ebe maka ime ka [[Mwai Kibaki]]&quot;&gt;Mwai Kibaki merie ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 2002 site na nkwado nke Liberal Democratic Party ya. Mmekọrịta a ghọrọ ihe na-adịghị mma ma Raila Odinga duziri ntuli aka megide Mwai Kibaki na ntuli aka iwu Kenya nke 2005 nke a ghọtara n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ntuli aka gegn Kibaki. Ihe karịrị otu puku mmadụ nwụrụ na 600,000 gbara ọsọ ndụ na nsogbu Kenya nke 2007-2008 na-esote ntuli aka nke afọ 2007. A na-eme mkpọsa na oge ntuli aka n'ụzọ dị iche iche n'ụzọ agbụrụ. Raila Odinga duziri Orange Democratic Movement megide Mwai Kibaki's Party of National Unity .  Nkwekọrịta ịkekọrịta ike nke Kofi Annan mere ka gọọmentị jikọọ aka na Raila Odinga nata ọkwa ọhụrụ nke praịm minista. Asọmpi agbụrụ dị n'etiti ndị Kikuyu na ndị Luo na-emesi okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ ike nke metụtara ịnweta ihe onwunwe na ike. Asọmpi a na-aga n'ihu na-akpụzi usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kenya.

Tishkoff et al. na 2009 bipụtara nnyocha kachasị ukwuu e mere iji gosipụta ọdịiche dị iche iche na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị mmadụ n'Africa. Ha nyochara ndị Afrịka 121, ndị Afrịka America 4 na ndị na-abụghị ndị Afrịka 60. Nsonaazụ ha gosipụtara ogo dị elu nke ndị nna nna na-egosipụta ihe omume nke ịkwaga. N'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka, ndị niile a nyochara nwere akụkụ nke ndị nna nna Nilotic, Cushitic na Bantu, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, na ogo dịgasị iche iche. Ha chọpụtakwara na, n'ozuzu, ụyọkọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa kwekọrọ na nhazi asụsụ, na ndị a ma ama gụnyere Luo nke Kenya. N'agbanyeghị na ha bụ ndị na-asụ Nilotic, ndị Luo na ndị na-ekwu Bantu gbara ha gburugburu. Ha na-atụ aro na nke a na-egosi na ngwakọta dị elu mere n'oge ngafe ndịda nke Southern Luo.&lt;ref name=&quot;tishkoff&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tishkoff|first=S. A.|title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans|journal=Science|date=22 May 2009|volume=324|issue=5930|pages=1035–1044|doi=10.1126/science.1172257|pmid=19407144}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụlọ nyocha nke David Reich kwukwara nchọpụta yiri nke ahụ. Ha chọpụtara na ọnụọgụ mgbanwe na Luo yiri nke ndị na-asụ Asụsụ Bantu gbara ya gburugburu. Ha tụrụ aro na ndị na-asụ asụsụ Luo n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ọganihu mgbe niile ka ha kwagara n'ókèala ndị na-ekwu okwu Bantu bi. Nke a na-agbaso akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke na-ekwusi ike na nnukwu ìgwè ndị na-asụ asụsụ Bantu nabatara asụsụ Luo, ọdịbendị na omenala ndị na-achịkwa n'oge ahụ.[94]

== Omenala na omenala ==

=== Usoro ọchịchị ọdịnala ===
Dị ka omenala si dị, ndị Luo bụ ndị nna ochie nwere usoro ọchịchị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Grigorenko, Elena L.|title=The organisation of Luo conceptions of intelligence: a study of implicit theories in a Kenyan village|date=2001|publisher=The International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development|oclc=842972252}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nna ma ọ bụ nwunye mbụ (''mikayi'') ma ọ bụ nwa nwoke na-eduzi ezinụlọ ahụ mgbe nna na-anọghị ya. Ọtụtụ ezinụlọ ndị metụtara site na ndị nna nna ha guzobere otu agbụrụ (''Anuola''). Ọtụtụ agbụrụ jikọtara ọnụ mepụta obodo (gweng), nke onye okenye obodo (''dodo'' ma ọ bụ kajong kaj) duziri. Onye okenye obodo ahụ chịrị site n'enyemaka nke ndị okenye ndị ọzọ bụ ndị bụbu ndị ikom nwere ọnọdụ site na azụmahịa, akụ na ụba, agha, ma ọ bụ ikwu okwu. Ọtụtụ obodo nta jikọtara ọnụ mepụta obere agbụrụ (''piny'', nke a sụgharịrị dị ka &quot;mba agbụrụ&quot;). A ''piny'' na-eduzi site na onye isi nketa nke dabeere na uru site na nwa nwoke nke okenye (ruoth).

Onye na-akọ ọdịnihu (''jabilo'') bụ onye bụkwa onye ndụmọdụ ime mmụọ na nke agha, kpuwere ya okpueze. Ọdịdị gọọmentị Luo siri ike na steeti n'okpuru ọchịchị, ndị nwere kansụl ndị okenye (''Gallamoro mar jodongo'' ma ọ bụ jodong gad), site n'obodo niile dị n'ókèala ha. Ndị Luos haziri nchebe na nchekwa ha na mpaghara agbụrụ nke onye ọchịagha (''osumba mirwayi'') duziri, onye so na kansụl ndị okenye. Kansụl ahụ nwekwara ọnụ na-ekwuchitere ndị kansụl ahụ n'ihe gbasara gọọmentị na nzukọ ahịa obodo, okpukpe, na emume ọdịnala nke ndị a na-eduzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Odenyo|first=Amos O.|title=Conquest, Clientage, and Land Law among the Luo of Kenya|journal=Law &amp; Society Review|date=1973|volume=7|issue=4|pages=767–778|doi=10.2307/3052969}}&lt;/ref&gt;[97]

Mmekọrịta agbụrụ na ibe ya bụ ad hoc, ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị otu onye na-achị ndị Luo. Obere agbụrụ gbakọtara n'oge ọdachi, agha, na ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha dị ka ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, ụnwụ nri, na idei mmiri iji nyere ibe ha aka. ''Sumo'', omume nke ịkekọrịta ihe oriri na ndị ụnwụ nri dakwasịrị, bụ omenala a na-ahụkarị, ebe Kisumo bụ otu n'ime ahịa ndị a ma ama ebe ndị ụnụrụ dakwasịrị na-enwekarị nkwado site na mmesapụ aka nke ndị ibe ha Luo.

Echiche nke onye ọchịchị Luo a na-akpọ ''ker'' bụ nke Jaramogi Oginga Odinga chepụtara n'oge e guzobere Luo Union na 1947 nke ebumnuche ya bụ ijikọ ndị niile sitere na Luo n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Afrịka. Jaramogi Oginga Odinga bụ onye Luo ker mbụ. Dị ka akụkụ nke ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti onye ndú agbụrụ na onye ndú mba, akụkụ nke ọnọdụ ahụ bụ na onye Luo ker agaghị abanye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba; mgbe Jaramogi Oginga Odinga banyere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ego mba na 1957, ọ kwụsịrị ịbụ onye ker.

==== Lu nke abụọ ====
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị otu dị iche iche nke kansụl ndị okenye Luo na-azọrọ oche Luo ker nke malitere site na nhọpụta nke Willis Opiyo Otondi site na Raila Odinga na 2010 iji dochie Ker Riaga Ogalo. Dị ka omenala si dị, ọ bụ Council of Elders na-ahọpụta ker ma a họpụtaghị ya dịka ọ mere na Opondo Otondi, na Luo ker nwere ike ịhapụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ abụọ, ịgba arụkwaghịm ma ọ bụ ọnwụ. Ker Riaga Ogalo kwuru na ọ gbara arụkwaghịm ma ọ bụ nwụọ iji nye ikike nhọpụta nke onye ọzọ, ebe Opiyo Otondi kwuru na ọ bụ onye a họpụtara nke ọma nke ndị Luo. Ker Riaga Ogalo nọchitere anya Raila n'ọtụtụ nnọkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma nyere aka wuo ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Raila Odinga megidere ihe kansụl chọrọ n'oge ha na-ekwu okwu nke ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/336367-struggle-power-splits-luo-council-elders-3-factions.html|title=Struggle for power splits Luo council of elders into 3 factions|date=23 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eto Ker Riaga Ogalo maka inwe echiche na-aga n'ihu nke ndị eze Luo niile nke oge a site n'ịkwado ibi úgwù nke ndị ikom Luo iji nyere aka n'ọgụ megide HIV / AIDS. Ibi úgwù bụ ihe na-abụghị omenala Luo mana idu ndú ya mere ọtụtụ obi ịnabata mgbanwe ọhụrụ ahụ. Ker Riaga Ogalo jere ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche nke National Council of Elders. N'ime afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ọchịchị ya, o kwuru na Raila na-egbochi ndị Luo itolite n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na akụ na ụba site na ụdị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya. Ker Riaga Ogalo nwụrụ n'afọ 2015 mgbe ọ butere ọrịa akụrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ mba Kenyatta. Esemokwu nke Kansụl ahụ gara n'ihu mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na Willis Opiyo Otondi ka na-azọrọ na ọ bụ onye ziri ezi nke Ker Nyandiko Ong'adi bụ onye Kansụl Ndị okenye Luo họpụtara na 2015 iji dochie anya ker Riaga Ogalo.

Onye na-achị ugbu a bụ Jaduong Odungi Randa, onye e kpuwere okpueze na 22 Disemba 2023 ka ọ bụrụ onye nke itoolu nke Luo. Mgbalị iji mee ka ndị Luo nọ n'okpuru otu ikike dị mfe n'ihi akụkọ ihe mere eme ha na usoro gọọmentị dị iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/nyanza/2020-08-18-unity-in-sight-as-one-luo-council-faction-quits/|title=Unity in sight as one Luo council faction quits}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Omenala nke ịgafe ===
Dị ka omenala si dị, aha ndị a na-enye ụmụaka na-egosipụtakarị ọnọdụ nke ime ime ime ma ọ bụ ịmụ nwa (gụnyere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, oge ma ọ bụ oge). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues|author=Danver, Steven L.|date=2013|publisher=M.E. Sharpe, Inc|oclc=1026939363}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọzọkwa, ndị Luos ewepụla ezé ala isii n'ihi ọrịa akpịrị nke metụtara ala Luo

=== Nri ===
Nri Luo a ma ama na-agụnye azụ̀ (rech) karịsịa tilapia (ngege) na omenala, nke a na-ejikarị [[ugali]] (nke a na-akpọ__hau____hau____hau__ na Dholuo) na akwụkwọ nri ọdịnala dị ka Osuga na [[Mulukhiyah|apoth]]. Nri ọdịnala ndị Luo bụ ihe a na-eme site na sorghum ma ọ bụ millet tinyere azụ, anụ, ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ nri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Johns|first=Timothy|title=Food Plants of the Luo of Siaya District, Kenya|journal=Economic Botany|date=1991|volume=45|issue=1|pages=103–113|doi=10.1007/BF02860055}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Omenala okpukpe ===
Chọọchị ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ gụnyere ''Legio Maria'', ''Roho'', ''Nomiya'' na ''Fweny'' na ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kustenbauder|first=Matthew|title=Believing in the Black Messiah: The Legio Maria Church in an African Christian Landscape|journal=Nova Religio|date=1 August 2009|volume=13|issue=1|pages=11–40|doi=10.1525/nr.2009.13.1.11|url=http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11073735}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nwere obodo ndị Alakụba Luo, nwere otu a ma ama bi na Kisumu, Kenya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Becker|first=Felicitas|date=2018-06-25|title=The History of Islam in East Africa|url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-151|accessdate=2021-12-02|work=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History|language=en|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.151}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Omenala alụmdi na nwunye ===
N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị na-eme egwuregwu na-eme ka di na nwunye mata ibe ha, mana nke a abụghị ihe a na-ahụkarị ugbu a. Dị ka ọtụtụ obodo ndị ọzọ na Kenya, omume alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti ndị Luo anọwo na-agbanwe ma ụfọdụ ndị na-apụ n'ụzọ ọdịnala nke ime ihe.

=== Egwú ===
[[Faịlụ:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Luo_dansers_in_krijgskostuum_tijdens_de_Eldoret_Agricultural_Show_TMnr_20014319.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ndị na-agba egwú Luo na Eldoret, Kenya]]
Egwú Luo sitere n'ụzọ ndụ zuru oke, ụdị ndụ, na usoro ndụ nke ndị mmadụ n'otu obodo a. N'ihi nke ahụ, egwu ahụ nwere njirimara nke mere ka ọ dị iche na nke obodo ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike ịhụ nke a, nụ ya, ma nụ ya na abụ ha, ụda, usoro ngosi na ịgba egwú, mmegharị, na nhazi.

Egwú ndị dị na egwu Luo bụ abụ, nwere ọtụtụ ihe ịchọ mma olu. Ihe ịchọ mma ndị a pụtara n'ụzọ doro anya, karịsịa mgbe egwu ahụ bu ozi dị mkpa. A na-eji ọtụtụ syncopation na mmalite acrusic mara ụda ha. A na-egosikarị abụ ndị a n'ụdị nzaghachi onwe onye, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ bụ egwu onwe onye. Ụdị kachasị ewu ewu nke solo performances bụ abụ. Abụ ndị a bụ ndị na-agụ egwú na-enweghị isi na ahịrịokwu, nke na-ebu ozi siri ike. A na-eji abụ ndị a eme ihe ka ọtụtụ n'egwú Luo. Otu ihe atụ bụ ịgba egwu dudu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Jones|first=A.M.|date=1973|title=Luo music and its rhythm|journal=African Music: Journal of the African Music Society|volume=5|issue=3|pages=43–54|doi=10.21504/amj.v5i3.1658|url=http://journal.ru.ac.za/index.php/africanmusic/article/view/1658}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe ọzọ pụrụ iche na egwu Luo bụ iwebata abụ ọzọ n'etiti egwu egwu. Abụ na-akwụsị, ụda nke ngwá egwú na-agbadata ma na-agba egwú na'enweghị ike ka onye ọ bụla na-ewere arụmọrụ bụ otuto onwe ya. A na-akpọ nke a '''''Pakrok'''''. E nwekwara ụdị ululation pụrụ iche, '''''Sigalagala''''', nke gosipụtara njedebe nke arụmọrụ egwu. Ọ bụ ụmụ nwanyị na-emekarị Sigalagalagala.

Ụdị ịgba egwú n'egwú ọdịnala Luo mara mma ma dị mma. Ha na-agụnye ma ọ bụ mmegharị nke otu ụkwụ n'akụkụ nke ọzọ na úkwù na-aga n'ihu na ụda nke egwu ma ọ bụ ịma jijiji nke ubu n'ụzọ siri ike, na-abụkarị na ụda nke nyatiti, ngwá egwu nwere eriri asatọ.

Adamson (1967) kwuru na Luos yi uwe ọdịnala ha na ihe ịchọ mma kwesịrị aha ha dị ka ndị kacha mara mma na Kenya. N'oge ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ngosi ha, ndị Luo na-eyi ejiji ma na-achọ onwe ha mma ọ bụghị naanị iji mara mma, kamakwa iji bulie mmegharị ha. Uwe ndị a gụnyere akwa sisal ('''''owalo'''''), beads ('''''Ombulu / tigo''''') nke a na-eyi n'olu na úkwù, na ụrọ na-acha ọbara ọbara ma ọ bụ nke na-acha ọcha nke ụmụ nwanyị na-eyi. Uwe ụmụ nwoke ahụ gụnyere '''''[[kuodi]]''''' ma ọ bụ '''''Chieno''''', akpụkpọ anụ a na-eyi site n'ubu ma ọ bụ site n'úkwù iji kpuchie ọtọ ha, '''''Ligisa''''', okpu isi, ọta na ube, okpu ahịhịa, na mkpara, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. A na-eji ihe ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ eme uwe na ihe ịchọ mma ndị a niile.

Ndị Luo nwekwara ọtụtụ ngwá egwú nke sitere na ụda (ụbọ, clappers, mgbaaka ígwè, '''''ongeng'o ma ọ bụ gara''''', shakers), eriri (dịka, '''''nyatiti''''', ụdị lyre; '''''orutu''''', ụdị fiddle), ifufe ('''''tung''''', mpi, '''''Asili''''', ọjà, '''''A bu-!''''', na otu ụdị opi).
[[Faịlụ:Nyatiti.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Nyatiti]]
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikọta ndị Luo na ụdị egwu ''Benga''. Ọ bụ ụdị dị egwu nke a na-abụ abụ na [[Dholuo]], [[Swahili language|Swahili]], ma ọ bụ Bekee na-abụ na guitar riff. Ọ malitere na 1950s na ndị egwu Luo dị ka George Ramogi na Ochieng 'Kabaselle na-anwa ime ka egwu egwu ọdịnala ha kwekọọ na ngwá egwu ọdịda anyanwụ. Guitar (acoustic, mgbe e mesịrị eletrik) dochiri nyatiti dị ka ngwá egwu eriri. ''Benga'' aghọwo ihe a ma ama nke na ndị egwu si n'agbụrụ niile na-akpọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rateng&amp;#39|title=The Luo Nation-History, Origin and Culture of Luo People of Kenya|url=https://www.academia.edu/11787831|language=en|isbn=978-9966-123-13-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye na-agụ egwu Luo na onye na-egwu egwu nyatiti bụ Ayub Ogada nwetara ihe ngosi zuru oke na 2005 mgbe abụọ n'ime egwu ya gosipụtara na Alberto Iglesias 'Academy Award-nominated score for [[Fernando Mereilles]]' film adaptation of The Constant Gardener.

Ndị egwu Luo ndị ọzọ, n'ụdị dị iche iche, bụ [[Akothee]], [[Suzanna Owíyo|Suzanna Owiyo]], Daniel Owino Misiani, [[Collela Mazee]], Achieng 'Abura, George Ramogi, Musa Juma, Tony Nyadundo na Onyi Papa Jey.

=== Ezinụlọ, ezinụlọ, na ihe nketa ===
Ocholla Ayayo dere na &quot;Traditional Ideology and Ethics among the southern Luo&quot;: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Welbourn|first=F. B.|title=Traditional Ideology and Ethics among the Southern Luo|journal=Journal of Religion in Africa|date=1978|volume=9|issue=2|doi=10.2307/1581402|url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nai:diva-754}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;When the time of the inheritance comes the ideology of seniority is respected: the elder son receives the largest share, followed in the order of seniority. If it is the land to be divided, for instance, the land of the old grandfather's homestead, the senior son gets the middle piece, the second the land to the right hand side of the homestead, and the third son takes the land on the left hand side. After the father's death the senior son takes over the responsibilities of leadership. These groups when considered in terms of genealogy, are people of the same grandfather, and are known in Dholuo as Jokakwaro. They share sacrifices under the leadership of the senior brother. If the brother is dead the next brother in seniority takes the leadership of senior brother. The responsibility and prestige position of leadership is that it puts one into the primary position in harvesting, cultivation, as well as in eating specified parts of the animal killed, usually the best parts. It is the senior brother, who is leading in the group, who can first own the fishing boat. Since it is he who will be communicating with the ancestors of their father or grandfather, it is he who will conduct or lead the sacrifices of religiousity of the boat, as we have noted earlier. [...] The system of the allocation of land by the father while he is still alive is important since it will coincide with the system of inheritance of land. The principle of the division of the land in monogamous families is rather simple and straightforward. [...] The senior son takes the centre portion of all the land of the homestead up to and beyond the gate or to the buffer zone; the second son then has the remainder of the land to divide with the other brothers. If the land is divided among the elder sons after they are married, and take to live in their lands, it often happens that a youngest son remains in the village of the father to care for him in his old age. His inheritance is the last property, called Mondo and the remaining gardens of his mother. [...] In the case of a polygamous village, the land is divided along the same lines, except that within the village, the sons claim the area contiguous to the houses of their mother. Each wife and her children are regarded as if the group constituted was the son of a single woman.By that I mean the children of the senior wife, Mikayi, are given that portion of the total area which could have been given to the senior son in a monogamous family. The sons of Nyachira, the second wife, and the sons of Reru, the third wife, lay claim to those portions which would have fallen to the second and third sons of Mikayi in a monogamous village&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Traditional ideology and ethics among the southern Luo – DiVA {{Cite web|url=http://nai.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:280191/FULLTEXT01|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2013-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014150155/http://nai.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:280191/FULLTEXT01|archivedate=2013-10-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Paul Hebinck na Nelson Mango na-akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu usoro ezinụlọ na ihe nketa nke Luo na edemede ha &quot;Land and embedded rights: An analysis of land conflicts in Luoland, Western Kenya&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/13060/ASC-075287668-1014-01.pdf?sequence=2|title=Dilemmas of Development: Conflicts of Interest and Their Resolutions in Modernizing Africa|isbn=978-90-5448-081-5|accessdate=2013-10-09|author=Abbink|first=J.|year=2008|publisher=African Studies Centre}}&lt;/ref&gt; Parker MacDonald Shipton na-edekwa ọtụtụ ihe gbasara ikwu, ezinụlọ na ihe Nketa n'etiti ndị Luo n'akwụkwọ ya &quot;Mortgaging the Ancestors: Ideologies of Attachment in Africa&quot;:

&quot;N'èzí ogige obibi, ma ọ bụ (ebe ọ na-enweghị ogige ọzọ) n'èzí na n'ihu ụlọ ya, ndị Luo enweela mmasị na nhazi nke ubi nke n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-egosipụta ogige ụlọ n'ime. Usoro na-esonụ, dị ka akọwapụtara n'ọrụ Gordon Wilson site na 1950s, ka a ka na-ahụ n'oge anyị - ọ bụghị naanị na eserese nke ndị na-enye ihe ọmụma nke ala ha, kamakwa n'ebe ọzọ ebe ogige na-esote nyere ohere ohere ohere, ọ bụ nna ya, ọ ga-enweta ihe karịrị otu nwa ya nwoke nke anọ ka aka ekpe.

== Ihe odide ==

[[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Otú:Articles with short description]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346516936|De Mond Nature Reserve]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:De_Mond_PICT1327.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|De Mond na 2005.]]
 
De Mond Nature Reserve, nke dị na Overberg n'etiti Struisbaai na Arniston, Western Cape, South Africa, &lt;ref name=&quot;wildcard&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wildcard.co.za/de-mond-nature-reserve/|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=Wildcard}}&lt;/ref&gt; abụwo ala mmiri Ramsar kemgbe 1986. &lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-southafrica/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16187_4000_0__|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: South Africa|year=2013|accessdate=10 June 2019|work=The Annotated Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance|publisher=The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ogige ahụ kpuchiri ọnụ Osimiri Heuningnes ma kpuchie 918 hectare (2,270 acres). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/demond.php|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=SA-Venue}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe na-egbochi ọnụ osimiri ahụ ma bụrụ ebe a na-amụ ụdị nnụnụ dị iche iche. Ebe ahụ bụkwa ebe obibi maka Anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ, anụ ndị na'oké osimiri, na Ịnyịnya mmiri. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.capenature.co.za/reserves/de-mond-nature-reserve/|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=Cape Nature}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-southafrica/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16187_4000_0__|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: South Africa|year=2013|accessdate=10 June 2019|work=The Annotated Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance|publisher=The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://archive.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-southafrica/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16187_4000_0__ &quot;The Annotated Ramsar List: South Africa&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ mejupụtara obodo dị iche iche nke ahịhịa dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, gụnyere oke ọhịa mmiri ara ehi na ala nnu nke mejupụtara gburugburu ebe obibi nke osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;wildcard&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wildcard.co.za/de-mond-nature-reserve/|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=Wildcard}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wildcard.co.za/de-mond-nature-reserve/ &quot;De Mond Nature Reserve&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|43|S|20|7|E|source:enwiki-plaintext-parser}}</text>
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        <id>15845</id>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346516936|De Mond Nature Reserve]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:De_Mond_PICT1327.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|De Mond na 2005.]]
 
De Mond Nature Reserve, nke dị na Overberg n'etiti Struisbaai na Arniston, Western Cape, South Africa, &lt;ref name=&quot;wildcard&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wildcard.co.za/de-mond-nature-reserve/|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=Wildcard}}&lt;/ref&gt; abụwo ala mmiri Ramsar kemgbe 1986. &lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-southafrica/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16187_4000_0__|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: South Africa|year=2013|accessdate=10 June 2019|work=The Annotated Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance|publisher=The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ogige ahụ kpuchiri ọnụ Osimiri Heuningnes ma kpuchie 918 hectare (2,270 acres). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/demond.php|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=SA-Venue}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe na-egbochi ọnụ osimiri ahụ ma bụrụ ebe a na-amụ ụdị nnụnụ dị iche iche. Ebe ahụ bụkwa ebe obibi maka Anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ, anụ ndị na'oké osimiri, na Ịnyịnya mmiri. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.capenature.co.za/reserves/de-mond-nature-reserve/|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=Cape Nature}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-southafrica/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16187_4000_0__|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: South Africa|year=2013|accessdate=10 June 2019|work=The Annotated Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance|publisher=The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://archive.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-southafrica/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16187_4000_0__ &quot;The Annotated Ramsar List: South Africa&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ mejupụtara obodo dị iche iche nke ahịhịa dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, gụnyere oke ọhịa mmiri ara ehi na ala nnu nke mejupụtara gburugburu ebe obibi nke osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;wildcard&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wildcard.co.za/de-mond-nature-reserve/|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=Wildcard}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wildcard.co.za/de-mond-nature-reserve/ &quot;De Mond Nature Reserve&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|43|S|20|7|E|source:enwiki-plaintext-parser}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>672660</id>
      <parentid>672659</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T13:58:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
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      <text bytes="2694" sha1="p8yieepx47m8igszzwhw1ig358gyc5c" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Nature reserve in Western Cape, South Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use South African English|date=October 2019}}
{{Designation list
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = De Mond
| designation1_date = 2 October 1986
| designation1_number = 342&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=De Mond|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/342|access-date=24 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
[[File:De_Mond_PICT1327.JPG|thumb|right|De Mond in 2005.]]{{Expand section|date=November 2024}}

[[Faịlụ:De_Mond_PICT1327.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|De Mond na 2005.]]
 
De Mond Nature Reserve, nke dị na Overberg n'etiti Struisbaai na Arniston, Western Cape, South Africa, &lt;ref name=&quot;wildcard&quot; /&gt; abụwo ala mmiri Ramsar kemgbe 1986. &lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot; /&gt;

Ogige ahụ kpuchiri ọnụ Osimiri Heuningnes ma kpuchie 918 hectare (2,270 acres). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/demond.php|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=SA-Venue}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe na-egbochi ọnụ osimiri ahụ ma bụrụ ebe a na-amụ ụdị nnụnụ dị iche iche. Ebe ahụ bụkwa ebe obibi maka Anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ, anụ ndị na'oké osimiri, na Ịnyịnya mmiri. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.capenature.co.za/reserves/de-mond-nature-reserve/|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=Cape Nature}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-southafrica/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16187_4000_0__|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: South Africa|year=2013|accessdate=10 June 2019|work=The Annotated Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance|publisher=The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://archive.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-southafrica/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16187_4000_0__ &quot;The Annotated Ramsar List: South Africa&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ mejupụtara obodo dị iche iche nke ahịhịa dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, gụnyere oke ọhịa mmiri ara ehi na ala nnu nke mejupụtara gburugburu ebe obibi nke osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;wildcard&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wildcard.co.za/de-mond-nature-reserve/|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=Wildcard}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wildcard.co.za/de-mond-nature-reserve/ &quot;De Mond Nature Reserve&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|43|S|20|7|E|source:enwiki-plaintext-parser}}</text>
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        <id>15845</id>
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      <text bytes="2614" sha1="mzeq8u6l3qrr1mkrwoazl75cyo9s05l" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Nature reserve in Western Cape, South Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use South African English|date=October 2019}}
{{Designation list
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = De Mond
| designation1_date = 2 October 1986
| designation1_number = 342&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=De Mond|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/342|access-date=24 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}


[[Faịlụ:De_Mond_PICT1327.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|De Mond na 2005.]]
 
'''Nchekwa Ọdịdị nke De Mond''', nke dị na Overberg n'etiti Struisbaai na Arniston, Western Cape, South Africa, &lt;ref name=&quot;wildcard&quot; /&gt; abụwo ala mmiri Ramsar kemgbe 1986. &lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot; /&gt;

Ogige ahụ kpuchiri ọnụ Osimiri Heuningnes ma kpuchie 918 hectare (2,270 acres). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/demond.php|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=SA-Venue}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe na-egbochi ọnụ osimiri ahụ ma bụrụ ebe a na-amụ ụdị nnụnụ dị iche iche. Ebe ahụ bụkwa ebe obibi maka Anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ, anụ ndị na'oké osimiri, na Ịnyịnya mmiri. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.capenature.co.za/reserves/de-mond-nature-reserve/|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=Cape Nature}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://archive.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-southafrica/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16187_4000_0__|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: South Africa|year=2013|accessdate=10 June 2019|work=The Annotated Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance|publisher=The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://archive.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-southafrica/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16187_4000_0__ &quot;The Annotated Ramsar List: South Africa&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ mejupụtara obodo dị iche iche nke ahịhịa dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, gụnyere oke ọhịa mmiri ara ehi na ala nnu nke mejupụtara gburugburu ebe obibi nke osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;wildcard&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wildcard.co.za/de-mond-nature-reserve/|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=Wildcard}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.wildcard.co.za/de-mond-nature-reserve/ &quot;De Mond Nature Reserve&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Coordinates/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Coor|34|43|S|20|7|E|source:enwiki-plaintext-parser}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Event:Clean Up: Fixing redlink references and redlink template in the Igbo Wikipedia.</title>
    <ns>1728</ns>
    <id>77449</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672707</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T17:07:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ebube Clara</username>
        <id>43871</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Jiri '== Focus== ==Venue== ==Time== ==List==' kere ihü</comment>
      <origin>672707</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="clli2fh0ropffhu64fynuy8wq5w3zu3" xml:space="preserve">== Focus==
==Venue==
==Time==
==List==</text>
      <sha1>clli2fh0ropffhu64fynuy8wq5w3zu3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672854</id>
      <parentid>672707</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T04:18:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ebube Clara</username>
        <id>43871</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Focus */</comment>
      <origin>672854</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="965" sha1="p9ulc7p5cizllikwb5seeqdqdklhdax" xml:space="preserve">== Focus==
The existence of redlink references and redlinked templates highlights significant content gaps within Igbo Wikipedia. When articles are redlinked the encyclopedia's ability to provide a rich and interconnected learning experience is reduced. This affects both the credibility and usability of the platform as a reliable source of knowledge.
This project seeks to address these challenges by identifying and correcting these red-linked articles and templates while improving existing content. Through collaborative editing and contributor engagement, the project will strengthen the structure and quality of Igbo Wikipedia, making it more accessible, informative, and engaging for readers.
By reducing content gaps and improving article connectivity, this initiative will enhance the overall user experience, support knowledge discovery, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of free knowledge in the Igbo language.

==Venue==
==Time==
==List==</text>
      <sha1>p9ulc7p5cizllikwb5seeqdqdklhdax</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672855</id>
      <parentid>672854</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T04:20:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ebube Clara</username>
        <id>43871</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Venue */</comment>
      <origin>672855</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1061" sha1="6wbdvguactlz72xlhfhhur419iyxhgi" xml:space="preserve">== Focus==
The existence of redlink references and redlinked templates highlights significant content gaps within Igbo Wikipedia. When articles are redlinked the encyclopedia's ability to provide a rich and interconnected learning experience is reduced. This affects both the credibility and usability of the platform as a reliable source of knowledge.
This project seeks to address these challenges by identifying and correcting these red-linked articles and templates while improving existing content. Through collaborative editing and contributor engagement, the project will strengthen the structure and quality of Igbo Wikipedia, making it more accessible, informative, and engaging for readers.
By reducing content gaps and improving article connectivity, this initiative will enhance the overall user experience, support knowledge discovery, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of free knowledge in the Igbo language.

==Venue==
Nigeria Book Foundation behind Kenneth Dike Library opposite UBA bank near Aroma Junction Awka

==Time==
==List==</text>
      <sha1>6wbdvguactlz72xlhfhhur419iyxhgi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672856</id>
      <parentid>672855</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T04:20:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ebube Clara</username>
        <id>43871</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Time */</comment>
      <origin>672856</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1075" sha1="4jo1q3ojihyy7k4gsouk9ud9xe0lydk" xml:space="preserve">== Focus==
The existence of redlink references and redlinked templates highlights significant content gaps within Igbo Wikipedia. When articles are redlinked the encyclopedia's ability to provide a rich and interconnected learning experience is reduced. This affects both the credibility and usability of the platform as a reliable source of knowledge.
This project seeks to address these challenges by identifying and correcting these red-linked articles and templates while improving existing content. Through collaborative editing and contributor engagement, the project will strengthen the structure and quality of Igbo Wikipedia, making it more accessible, informative, and engaging for readers.
By reducing content gaps and improving article connectivity, this initiative will enhance the overall user experience, support knowledge discovery, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of free knowledge in the Igbo language.

==Venue==
Nigeria Book Foundation behind Kenneth Dike Library opposite UBA bank near Aroma Junction Awka

==Time==
11:am prompt

==List==</text>
      <sha1>4jo1q3ojihyy7k4gsouk9ud9xe0lydk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672857</id>
      <parentid>672856</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T04:43:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ebube Clara</username>
        <id>43871</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Focus */</comment>
      <origin>672857</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1160" sha1="7aktbaa0nefrnabkyomigjc6j1fdam4" xml:space="preserve">== Focus==
[[File:Clean up, Fixing Redlink References on Igbo Wikipedia Flyer.png|thumb|Flyer]]
The existence of redlink references and redlinked templates highlights significant content gaps within Igbo Wikipedia. When articles are redlinked the encyclopedia's ability to provide a rich and interconnected learning experience is reduced. This affects both the credibility and usability of the platform as a reliable source of knowledge.
This project seeks to address these challenges by identifying and correcting these red-linked articles and templates while improving existing content. Through collaborative editing and contributor engagement, the project will strengthen the structure and quality of Igbo Wikipedia, making it more accessible, informative, and engaging for readers.
By reducing content gaps and improving article connectivity, this initiative will enhance the overall user experience, support knowledge discovery, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of free knowledge in the Igbo language.

==Venue==
Nigeria Book Foundation behind Kenneth Dike Library opposite UBA bank near Aroma Junction Awka

==Time==
11:am prompt

==List==</text>
      <sha1>7aktbaa0nefrnabkyomigjc6j1fdam4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672858</id>
      <parentid>672857</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T04:44:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ebube Clara</username>
        <id>43871</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>672858</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1197" sha1="61dcziag3jleeaszs62lh0hfa26xo7d" xml:space="preserve">== Focus==
[[File:Clean up, Fixing Redlink References on Igbo Wikipedia Flyer.png|thumb|Flyer]]
The existence of redlink references and redlinked templates highlights significant content gaps within Igbo Wikipedia. When articles are redlinked the encyclopedia's ability to provide a rich and interconnected learning experience is reduced. This affects both the credibility and usability of the platform as a reliable source of knowledge.
This project seeks to address these challenges by identifying and correcting these red-linked articles and templates while improving existing content. Through collaborative editing and contributor engagement, the project will strengthen the structure and quality of Igbo Wikipedia, making it more accessible, informative, and engaging for readers.
By reducing content gaps and improving article connectivity, this initiative will enhance the overall user experience, support knowledge discovery, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of free knowledge in the Igbo language.

==Venue==
Nigeria Book Foundation behind Kenneth Dike Library opposite UBA bank near Aroma Junction Awka

==Time==
11:am prompt

==Facilitators==
Ebube Clara
Akwugo

==List==</text>
      <sha1>61dcziag3jleeaszs62lh0hfa26xo7d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672859</id>
      <parentid>672858</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T04:47:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ebube Clara</username>
        <id>43871</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Focus */</comment>
      <origin>672859</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1209" sha1="t8pca6lbomh8lblyo8ua7mrti5k6a99" xml:space="preserve">== About The Project==
[[File:Clean up, Fixing Redlink References on Igbo Wikipedia Flyer.png|thumb|Flyer]]
The existence of redlink references and redlinked templates highlights significant content gaps within Igbo Wikipedia. When articles are redlinked the encyclopedia's ability to provide a rich and interconnected learning experience is reduced. This affects both the credibility and usability of the platform as a reliable source of knowledge.
This project seeks to address these challenges by identifying and correcting these red-linked articles and templates while improving existing content. Through collaborative editing and contributor engagement, the project will strengthen the structure and quality of Igbo Wikipedia, making it more accessible, informative, and engaging for readers.
By reducing content gaps and improving article connectivity, this initiative will enhance the overall user experience, support knowledge discovery, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of free knowledge in the Igbo language.

==Venue==
Nigeria Book Foundation behind Kenneth Dike Library opposite UBA bank near Aroma Junction Awka

==Time==
11:am prompt

==Facilitators==
Ebube Clara
Akwugo

==List==</text>
      <sha1>t8pca6lbomh8lblyo8ua7mrti5k6a99</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672860</id>
      <parentid>672859</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T04:49:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ebube Clara</username>
        <id>43871</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Time */</comment>
      <origin>672860</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1242" sha1="c3leumwr4ub3lxhl2wz0avrfp9d294x" xml:space="preserve">== About The Project==
[[File:Clean up, Fixing Redlink References on Igbo Wikipedia Flyer.png|thumb|Flyer]]
The existence of redlink references and redlinked templates highlights significant content gaps within Igbo Wikipedia. When articles are redlinked the encyclopedia's ability to provide a rich and interconnected learning experience is reduced. This affects both the credibility and usability of the platform as a reliable source of knowledge.
This project seeks to address these challenges by identifying and correcting these red-linked articles and templates while improving existing content. Through collaborative editing and contributor engagement, the project will strengthen the structure and quality of Igbo Wikipedia, making it more accessible, informative, and engaging for readers.
By reducing content gaps and improving article connectivity, this initiative will enhance the overall user experience, support knowledge discovery, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of free knowledge in the Igbo language.

==Venue==
Nigeria Book Foundation behind Kenneth Dike Library opposite UBA bank near Aroma Junction Awka

==Date and Time==
Saturday 11th July 2026
11:am prompt

==Facilitators==
Ebube Clara
Akwugo

==List==</text>
      <sha1>c3leumwr4ub3lxhl2wz0avrfp9d294x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672861</id>
      <parentid>672860</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T04:52:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ebube Clara</username>
        <id>43871</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Facilitators */</comment>
      <origin>672861</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1286" sha1="cx8ql9lcwtaqtltzktwhb5mykrzkkz7" xml:space="preserve">== About The Project==
[[File:Clean up, Fixing Redlink References on Igbo Wikipedia Flyer.png|thumb|Flyer]]
The existence of redlink references and redlinked templates highlights significant content gaps within Igbo Wikipedia. When articles are redlinked the encyclopedia's ability to provide a rich and interconnected learning experience is reduced. This affects both the credibility and usability of the platform as a reliable source of knowledge.
This project seeks to address these challenges by identifying and correcting these red-linked articles and templates while improving existing content. Through collaborative editing and contributor engagement, the project will strengthen the structure and quality of Igbo Wikipedia, making it more accessible, informative, and engaging for readers.
By reducing content gaps and improving article connectivity, this initiative will enhance the overall user experience, support knowledge discovery, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of free knowledge in the Igbo language.

==Venue==
Nigeria Book Foundation behind Kenneth Dike Library opposite UBA bank near Aroma Junction Awka

==Date and Time==
Saturday 11th July 2026
11:am prompt

== Organizers ==
* [[user:Ebube Clara| Ebube Clara]]
* [[User:Akwugo | Akwugo]]

==List==</text>
      <sha1>cx8ql9lcwtaqtltzktwhb5mykrzkkz7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672862</id>
      <parentid>672861</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T05:01:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ebube Clara</username>
        <id>43871</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>672862</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1465" sha1="mdw91k1bkuc9kwtzw8wv0oozysd60fd" xml:space="preserve">{| cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; cellspacing=&quot;10&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto;&quot;
|[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] 
|}
== About The Project==
[[File:Clean up, Fixing Redlink References on Igbo Wikipedia Flyer.png|thumb|Flyer]]
The existence of redlink references and redlinked templates highlights significant content gaps within Igbo Wikipedia. When articles are redlinked the encyclopedia's ability to provide a rich and interconnected learning experience is reduced. This affects both the credibility and usability of the platform as a reliable source of knowledge.
This project seeks to address these challenges by identifying and correcting these red-linked articles and templates while improving existing content. Through collaborative editing and contributor engagement, the project will strengthen the structure and quality of Igbo Wikipedia, making it more accessible, informative, and engaging for readers.
By reducing content gaps and improving article connectivity, this initiative will enhance the overall user experience, support knowledge discovery, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of free knowledge in the Igbo language.

==Venue==
Nigeria Book Foundation behind Kenneth Dike Library opposite UBA bank near Aroma Junction Awka

==Date and Time==
Saturday 11th July 2026
11:am prompt

== Organizers ==
* [[user:Ebube Clara| Ebube Clara]]
* [[User:Akwugo | Akwugo]]

==List==</text>
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|[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] 
|}
== About The Project==
[[File:Clean up, Fixing Redlink References on Igbo Wikipedia Flyer.png|thumb|Flyer]]
The existence of redlink references and redlinked templates highlights significant content gaps within Igbo Wikipedia. When articles are redlinked the encyclopedia's ability to provide a rich and interconnected learning experience is reduced. This affects both the credibility and usability of the platform as a reliable source of knowledge.
This project seeks to address these challenges by identifying and correcting these red-linked articles and templates while improving existing content. Through collaborative editing and contributor engagement, the project will strengthen the structure and quality of Igbo Wikipedia, making it more accessible, informative, and engaging for readers.
By reducing content gaps and improving article connectivity, this initiative will enhance the overall user experience, support knowledge discovery, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of free knowledge in the Igbo language.

==Venue==
Nigeria Book Foundation behind Kenneth Dike Library opposite UBA bank near Aroma Junction Awka

==Date and Time==
Saturday 11th July 2026

11:am prompt

== Organizers ==
* [[user:Ebube Clara| Ebube Clara]]
* [[User:Akwugo | Akwugo]]

==List==</text>
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|[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] 
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== '''About The Project''' ==
[[File:Clean up, Fixing Redlink References on Igbo Wikipedia Flyer.png|thumb|Flyer]]
The existence of redlink references and redlinked templates highlights significant content gaps within Igbo Wikipedia. When articles are redlinked the encyclopedia's ability to provide a rich and interconnected learning experience is reduced. This affects both the credibility and usability of the platform as a reliable source of knowledge.
This project seeks to address these challenges by identifying and correcting these red-linked articles and templates while improving existing content. Through collaborative editing and contributor engagement, the project will strengthen the structure and quality of Igbo Wikipedia, making it more accessible, informative, and engaging for readers.
By reducing content gaps and improving article connectivity, this initiative will enhance the overall user experience, support knowledge discovery, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of free knowledge in the Igbo language.

== '''Venue'''==
Nigeria Book Foundation behind Kenneth Dike Library opposite UBA bank near Aroma Junction Awka

== '''Date and Time''' ==
Saturday 11th July 2026

11:am prompt

== '''Organizers''' ==
* [[user:Ebube Clara| Ebube Clara]]
* [[User:Akwugo | Akwugo]]

== '''Target audience''' ==

* Members of the Igbo Wikimedians User Group
* Wikimedia grantees
* Igbo language speakers
* Students and researchers
* Anyone interested in contributing to Wikimedia projects in Igbo

== '''List''' ==</text>
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        <id>43871</id>
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|[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] 
|}
== '''About The Project''' ==
[[File:Clean up, Fixing Redlink References on Igbo Wikipedia Flyer.png|thumb|Flyer]]
The existence of redlink references and redlinked templates highlights significant content gaps within Igbo Wikipedia. When articles are redlinked the encyclopedia's ability to provide a rich and interconnected learning experience is reduced. This affects both the credibility and usability of the platform as a reliable source of knowledge.
This project seeks to address these challenges by identifying and correcting these red-linked articles and templates while improving existing content. Through collaborative editing and contributor engagement, the project will strengthen the structure and quality of Igbo Wikipedia, making it more accessible, informative, and engaging for readers.
By reducing content gaps and improving article connectivity, this initiative will enhance the overall user experience, support knowledge discovery, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of free knowledge in the Igbo language.

== '''Venue'''==
Nigeria Book Foundation behind Kenneth Dike Library opposite UBA bank near Aroma Junction Awka

== '''Date and Time''' ==
Saturday 11th July 2026

11:am prompt

== '''Organizers''' ==
* [[user:Ebube Clara| Ebube Clara]]
* [[User:Akwugo | Akwugo]]

== '''Target audience''' ==

* Members of the Igbo Wikimedians User Group
* Wikimedia grantees
* Igbo language speakers
* Students and researchers
* Anyone interested in contributing to Wikimedia projects in Igbo

== '''List''' ==
Contributiins will start reading from 7th July 2026 and stop on 1st August 2026</text>
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|[[File:Igbo Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|200px|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Igbo_Wikimedians_User_Group]] 
|}
== '''About The Project''' ==
[[File:Clean up, Fixing Redlink References on Igbo Wikipedia Flyer.png|thumb|Flyer]]
The existence of redlink references and redlinked templates highlights significant content gaps within Igbo Wikipedia. When articles are redlinked the encyclopedia's ability to provide a rich and interconnected learning experience is reduced. This affects both the credibility and usability of the platform as a reliable source of knowledge.
This project seeks to address these challenges by identifying and correcting these red-linked articles and templates while improving existing content. Through collaborative editing and contributor engagement, the project will strengthen the structure and quality of Igbo Wikipedia, making it more accessible, informative, and engaging for readers.
By reducing content gaps and improving article connectivity, this initiative will enhance the overall user experience, support knowledge discovery, and contribute to the growth and sustainability of free knowledge in the Igbo language.

== '''Venue'''==
Nigeria Book Foundation behind Kenneth Dike Library opposite UBA bank near Aroma Junction Awka

== '''Date and Time''' ==
Saturday 11th July 2026

11:am prompt

== '''Organizers''' ==
* [[user:Ebube Clara| Ebube Clara]]
* [[User:Akwugo | Akwugo]]

== '''Expectations''' ==
At the end of this project, the following should be achieved:
# Recruit of new members into the Igbo Wikimedians User Group 
# Training on fixing reference errors and templates on Igbo Wikipedia {{doing}}
# Fixing reference errors in more than 150 Igbo Wikipedia articles {{doing}}

== '''Target audience''' ==

* Members of the Igbo Wikimedians User Group
* Wikimedia grantees
* Igbo language speakers
* Students and researchers
* Anyone interested in contributing to Wikimedia projects in Igbo

== '''List''' ==
Contributiins will start reading from 7th July 2026 and stop on 1st August 2026</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357831871|Lake Sibaya]]&quot;</comment>
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''''''Ọdọ Mmiri Sibhayi'''''',  makwaara dị ka Ọdọ Mmị Sibhayi, ọdọ mmiri mmiri dị ọcha na South Africa, nke nwere mpaghara  km2  sq mi). A makwaara ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ka Sibaya ma ọ bụ Sibhaya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://isimangaliso.com/jewel/lake-sibaya/|title=Lake Sibaya|author=|first=|date=|work=isiMangaliso park|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=27 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị na Maputaland, ma ọ bụ Umhlabuyalingana, mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal, n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ nke South Africa.

Ọ bụ akụkụ nke Ogige Mmiri nke Greater St. Lucia ma bụrụ nke a nabatara n'okpuru Nkwekọrịta Ramsar dị ka &quot;Oké Mmiri nke Mkpa Mba Nile&quot; na 28 June 1991. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1999, e kwupụtara ogige ntụrụndụ Greater St. Lucia Wetland dị ka UNESCO World Heritage Site, a gụgharịrị ya iSimangaliso Wetland Park n'afọ 2009.

A chọpụtala ụdị nnụnụ 279 na Ọdọ Mmiri Sibaya.

Mseleni Water Project na Mbazwana Water Supply Scheme na-enweta mmiri ha site na Lake Sibaya.

== Njem ==
Ọdọ Mmiri Sibaya Lodge dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Ọ bụ ụlọ obibi dị elu nke nwere chalets iri na isii.

N'etiti Ọdọ Mmiri Sibaya na Oké Osimiri India bụ Mabibi. Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife na-elekọta ebe ezumike na chalets. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; E nwekwara ụlọ obibi onwe onye - Thonga Beach Lodge . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.zulunet.co.za/mabibi/|title=Thonga Beach Lodge at Mabibi, South Africa|accessdate=26 November 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716181215/http://www.zulunet.co.za/mabibi/|archivedate=16 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ebe ezumike a ma ama nke Sodwana Bay dị nso.

== Ọdịdị nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ ==
Iji chọpụta ihe nwere ike ịkpata ọdịda ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mita 4 n'ọkwa ọdọ mmiri Sibaya n'etiti afọ 2001 na 2014, iji chọpụta mmetụta nke ihe ndị a na-amịpụta maka oriri mmiri n'ime ụlọ na site n'ugbo azụmahịa na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri, nakwa ịchọpụta ihe ndị a na-amịpụta na-adịgide adịgide a pụrụ ịchọpụta site na ọdọ mmiri Sibaya. Site na nyocha na ihe ndị a na-eme, a kwubiri na isi ihe kpatara mbelata na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri Sibaya bụ mmiri ozuzo dị ala karịa nkezi n'oge 2001 ruo 2011. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụ ezie na nsonaazụ ihe ndị a na-eme na-egosi na mmetụta dị na ọkwa mmiri nke ihe ndị a na-amịpụta maka ojiji n'ime ụlọ n'oge a adịchaghị mma, ha na-egosi na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mita 1.4 nke mbelata na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri nwere ike ịbụ mmetụta nke oke ọhịa nke malitere na mmiri ndị a na-amịpụta na afọ 1990. E mere nyocha mkpụrụ nke nsonaazụ ihe ndị a na-eme na mmepe akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmiri ndị a na-amịpụta maka oge afọ 65 nke ndekọ ihu igwe a hụrụ site na iji ma ọkwa ọdọ mmiri kacha nta a na-ekwe ka ọ dị ma ọ bụ mbelata kachasị site na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri ntụaka dị ka ihe achọrọ maka ọdịda sistemụ.  Nsonaazụ sitere na iji ihe ndekọ ihu igwe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mpaghara a kụrụ na ọkwa ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya nke edobere na uru 2014 na-egosi na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ ga-esi na ya pụta ga-ekwe omume n'ihi mbelata na-adịgide adịgide na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri e mere ka ọ dị mma na nchekwa mmiri dị n'ime ala, nke a ga-anabataghị gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. Nsonaazụ ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya nke mbụ na-egosi na iwepụ ihe dị ka kilomita 5 nke ọhịa dị mkpa iji wepụta 1 MCM/afọ maka ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya n'ime ụlọ. Agbanyeghị, nsonaazụ mbụ ndị a chọrọ nkwenye ka mma nke data ntinye na nyocha nke ihe nlereanya maka ntụkwasị obi na nsonaazụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Smithers|first=J.C.|date=2017-08-02|title=Modelling and water yield assessment of Lake Sibhayi|journal=Water SA|volume=43|issue=3|pages=480|doi=10.4314/wsa.v43i3.13|issn=0378-4738}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050322002720/http://www.environment.gov.za/enviro-info/sote/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm Lake Sibaya Info Sheet - South African Wetlands Conservation Programme]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051120145643/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr03.html Ọdọ Mmiri Sibaya - Ebe nchekwa data nke ọdọ mmiri ụwa]
* Lake Sibaya Akwụkwọ ozi maka ebe a họpụtara na Ndepụta nke Wetlands of International Importance</text>
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      <text bytes="6545" sha1="8wdw2po9ch87d4a5jw2nlnu70akhp8i" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox body of water
| name          = Lake Sibaya
| image         = Sibhayi.gif
| alt           = 
| caption       = 
| image_bathymetry   = 
| alt_bathymetry     = 
|pushpin_map=KwaZulu-Natal
| caption_bathymetry = 
| location           = [[KwaZulu-Natal]]
| coords             = {{coord|27|21|29|S|32|41|07|E|region:ZA-KZ_type:waterbody|display =inline,title}}
| type               = 
| inflow             = 
| outflow            = 
| catchment          = {{convert|530|km2|abbr=on}}
| basin_countries    = {{flag|South Africa}}
| length             = 
| width              = 
| area               = {{convert|64|km2|abbr=on}}
| depth              = {{convert|10.9|m|abbr=on}}
| max-depth          = 
| volume             = {{convert|700000000|m3|abbr=on}}
| residence_time     = 
| shore              = 
| elevation          = {{convert|20.8|m|abbr=on}}
| frozen             = Never
| islands            = 
| cities             = 
| reference          = &lt;ref name=&quot;dea-sibaya-ramsar&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm|title=Lake Sibaya|publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs (South Africa)|accessdate=28 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716182712/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm|archive-date=16 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|embedded = {{Designation list
 | embed = yes
 | designation1 = Ramsar
 | designation1_offname = Lake Sibaya
 | designation1_date = 28 June 1991
 | designation1_number = 528&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Sibaya|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/528|accessdate=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
}}

'''Ọdọ Mmiri Sibhayi''',  makwaara dị ka Ọdọ Mmị Sibhayi, ọdọ mmiri mmiri dị ọcha na South Africa, nke nwere mpaghara  km2  sq mi). A makwaara ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ka Sibaya ma ọ bụ Sibhaya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://isimangaliso.com/jewel/lake-sibaya/|title=Lake Sibaya|author=|first=|date=|work=isiMangaliso park|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=27 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị na Maputaland, ma ọ bụ Umhlabuyalingana, mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal, n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọwụwa anyanwụ nke South Africa.

Ọ bụ akụkụ nke Ogige Mmiri nke Greater St. Lucia ma bụrụ nke a nabatara n'okpuru Nkwekọrịta Ramsar dị ka &quot;Oké Mmiri nke Mkpa Mba Nile&quot; na 28 June 1991. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1999, e kwupụtara ogige ntụrụndụ Greater St. Lucia Wetland dị ka UNESCO World Heritage Site, a gụgharịrị ya iSimangaliso Wetland Park n'afọ 2009.

A chọpụtala ụdị nnụnụ 279 na Ọdọ Mmiri Sibaya.

Mseleni Water Project na Mbazwana Water Supply Scheme na-enweta mmiri ha site na Lake Sibaya.

== Njem ==
Ọdọ Mmiri Sibaya Lodge dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ. Ọ bụ ụlọ obibi dị elu nke nwere chalets iri na isii.

N'etiti Ọdọ Mmiri Sibaya na Oké Osimiri India bụ Mabibi. Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife na-elekọta ebe ezumike na chalets. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; E nwekwara ụlọ obibi onwe onye - Thonga Beach Lodge . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.zulunet.co.za/mabibi/|title=Thonga Beach Lodge at Mabibi, South Africa|accessdate=26 November 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716181215/http://www.zulunet.co.za/mabibi/|archivedate=16 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ebe ezumike a ma ama nke Sodwana Bay dị nso.

== Ọdịdị nke ọdọ mmiri ahụ ==
Iji chọpụta ihe nwere ike ịkpata ọdịda ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mita 4 n'ọkwa ọdọ mmiri Sibaya n'etiti afọ 2001 na 2014, iji chọpụta mmetụta nke ihe ndị a na-amịpụta maka oriri mmiri n'ime ụlọ na site n'ugbo azụmahịa na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri, nakwa ịchọpụta ihe ndị a na-amịpụta na-adịgide adịgide a pụrụ ịchọpụta site na ọdọ mmiri Sibaya. Site na nyocha na ihe ndị a na-eme, a kwubiri na isi ihe kpatara mbelata na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri Sibaya bụ mmiri ozuzo dị ala karịa nkezi n'oge 2001 ruo 2011. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụ ezie na nsonaazụ ihe ndị a na-eme na-egosi na mmetụta dị na ọkwa mmiri nke ihe ndị a na-amịpụta maka ojiji n'ime ụlọ n'oge a adịchaghị mma, ha na-egosi na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mita 1.4 nke mbelata na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri nwere ike ịbụ mmetụta nke oke ọhịa nke malitere na mmiri ndị a na-amịpụta na afọ 1990. E mere nyocha mkpụrụ nke nsonaazụ ihe ndị a na-eme na mmepe akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmiri ndị a na-amịpụta maka oge afọ 65 nke ndekọ ihu igwe a hụrụ site na iji ma ọkwa ọdọ mmiri kacha nta a na-ekwe ka ọ dị ma ọ bụ mbelata kachasị site na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri ntụaka dị ka ihe achọrọ maka ọdịda sistemụ.  Nsonaazụ sitere na iji ihe ndekọ ihu igwe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mpaghara a kụrụ na ọkwa ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya nke edobere na uru 2014 na-egosi na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ ga-esi na ya pụta ga-ekwe omume n'ihi mbelata na-adịgide adịgide na ọkwa ọdọ mmiri e mere ka ọ dị mma na nchekwa mmiri dị n'ime ala, nke a ga-anabataghị gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. Nsonaazụ ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya nke mbụ na-egosi na iwepụ ihe dị ka kilomita 5 nke ọhịa dị mkpa iji wepụta 1 MCM/afọ maka ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya n'ime ụlọ. Agbanyeghị, nsonaazụ mbụ ndị a chọrọ nkwenye ka mma nke data ntinye na nyocha nke ihe nlereanya maka ntụkwasị obi na nsonaazụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Smithers|first=J.C.|date=2017-08-02|title=Modelling and water yield assessment of Lake Sibhayi|journal=Water SA|volume=43|issue=3|pages=480|doi=10.4314/wsa.v43i3.13|issn=0378-4738}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050322002720/http://www.environment.gov.za/enviro-info/sote/nsoer/resource/wetland/sibaya_ris.htm Lake Sibaya Info Sheet - South African Wetlands Conservation Programme]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051120145643/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr03.html Ọdọ Mmiri Sibaya - Ebe nchekwa data nke ọdọ mmiri ụwa]
* Lake Sibaya Akwụkwọ ozi maka ebe a họpụtara na Ndepụta nke Wetlands of International Importance</text>
      <sha1>8wdw2po9ch87d4a5jw2nlnu70akhp8i</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ogige Nchekwa Okike nke Nylsvley</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:15:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362617035|Nylsvley Nature Reserve]]&quot;</comment>
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Ebe Nchekwa Ọdịdị Nylsvley bụ ebe a na-echebe nke dị kilomita iri anọ (40 mi2) maịlụ iri na ise, nke dị n'akụkụ ebe idei mmiri nke Osimiri Nyl na-ejupụta n'oge, akụkụ kachasị elu nke Mogalakwena nke nwere obere ala. Ọ dị nso na Mookgophong na Limpopo Province nke South Africa. Akpọwo mpaghara ahụ ebe mmiri Ramsar dị n'ihi mkpa nchekwa mba ụwa ya. Ala idei mmiri ahụ nwere nnukwu ahịhịa na ahịhịa gbara ya gburugburu nke oke ọhịa mepere emepe.


Aha 'Nylsvley' sitere na Vlei, pan ma ọ bụ ebe idei mmiri na-eme n'oge, na okwu maka &quot;Nile&quot;. N'afọ 1860, otu ìgwè ndị ọrụ ugbo Voortrekker hụrụ nnukwu ala dị larịị na Osimiri Naịl-asọ n'ebe ugwu ma dị ka akụkọ ifo si kwuo weere ya dị ka ''Nylrivier'' (osimiri Nile). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.limpoposouth.co.za/P20050520145545229.htm|title=Nylsvlei Nature Reserve|accessdate=18 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913020720/http://www.limpoposouth.co.za/P20050520145545229.htm|archivedate=13 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Foto ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Faịlụ:Nylsvley_Brochure_pg_1.jpg|Nylsvley Brochure pg 1
Faịlụ:Nylsvley_Brochure_pg_2.jpg|Nylsvley Brochure pg 2
Faịlụ:Nylsvley_Brochure_pg_3.jpg|Nylsvley Brochure pg 3
Faịlụ:Nylsvley_Brochure_pg_4.jpg|Nylsvley Brochure pg 4
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.nylsvley.co.za/ Ndị enyi Nylsvley]
* [https://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/np_nylsvley.htm Ogige Nchekwa Okike nke Nylsvley, Limpopo]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>672761</id>
      <parentid>672753</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T19:19:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
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{{Infobox park
| name = Nylsvley Nature Reserve
| other_name = 
| image = Scenery in Nylsvley nature reserve 3.jpg
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = Wetland with [[Phragmites australis|common reed]]
| image_size = 
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_relief = yes
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = Location within Limpopo
| map_size = 
| location = [[Limpopo Province]], [[South Africa]]
| nearest_city = [[Mookgophong]]
| coordinates = {{coord|24.6548|S|28.691|E|region:ZA-LP|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coords_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| url=http://protectedplanet.net/sites/Nylsvley_Nature_Reserve| title=Nylsvley Nature Reserve| work=protectedplanet.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| area = {{Convert|40|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}
| established = {{Start date and age|1998|7|7}}
| administrator = [[Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism]]
| visitation_num = 
| visitation_year = 
| camp_sites = Multiple
| governing_body = 
| world_heritage_site = 
| url = 
| module = {{Designation list
 | embed = yes
 | designation1 = Ramsar
 | designation1_date = 7 July 1998
 | designation1_number = 952&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nylsvley Nature Reserve|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/952|accessdate=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
}}

'''Ebe Nchekwa Ọdịdị Nylsvley''' bụ ebe a na-echebe nke dị kilomita iri anọ (40 mi2) maịlụ iri na ise, nke dị n'akụkụ ebe idei mmiri nke Osimiri Nyl na-ejupụta n'oge, akụkụ kachasị elu nke Mogalakwena nke nwere obere ala. Ọ dị nso na Mookgophong na Limpopo Province nke South Africa. Akpọwo mpaghara ahụ ebe mmiri Ramsar dị n'ihi mkpa nchekwa mba ụwa ya. Ala idei mmiri ahụ nwere nnukwu ahịhịa na ahịhịa gbara ya gburugburu nke oke ọhịa mepere emepe.


Aha 'Nylsvley' sitere na Vlei, pan ma ọ bụ ebe idei mmiri na-eme n'oge, na okwu maka &quot;Nile&quot;. N'afọ 1860, otu ìgwè ndị ọrụ ugbo Voortrekker hụrụ nnukwu ala dị larịị na Osimiri Naịl-asọ n'ebe ugwu ma dị ka akụkọ ifo si kwuo weere ya dị ka ''Nylrivier'' (osimiri Nile). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.limpoposouth.co.za/P20050520145545229.htm|title=Nylsvlei Nature Reserve|accessdate=18 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913020720/http://www.limpoposouth.co.za/P20050520145545229.htm|archivedate=13 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Foto ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Faịlụ:Nylsvley_Brochure_pg_1.jpg|Nylsvley Brochure pg 1
Faịlụ:Nylsvley_Brochure_pg_2.jpg|Nylsvley Brochure pg 2
Faịlụ:Nylsvley_Brochure_pg_3.jpg|Nylsvley Brochure pg 3
Faịlụ:Nylsvley_Brochure_pg_4.jpg|Nylsvley Brochure pg 4
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.nylsvley.co.za/ Ndị enyi Nylsvley]
* [https://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/np_nylsvley.htm Ogige Nchekwa Okike nke Nylsvley, Limpopo]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ebe Nchekwa Okike Seekoeivlei</title>
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    <id>77452</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672820</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T22:29:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355107050|Seekoeivlei Nature Reserve]]&quot;</comment>
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Ebe Nchekwa Ọdịdị Seekoeivlei bụ ala mmiri sara mbara nke dị ihe dị ka kilomita 30 (ma ọ bụ hekta 4,754) nso obodo Memel na Free State, South Africa. A kpọrọ mpaghara a ebe Ramsar na 1999. Ọ pụrụ iche maka ebe obibi ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 250, obodo Memel abụrụla ebe a ma ama maka ndị na-anụ nnụnụ, nke nwere akpụkpọ nnụnụ na ebe a na-eme nri ehihie. Ọ bụkwa ebe obibi nke ụfọdụ hippopotamus, &quot;seekoei&quot; bụ nsụgharị Afrikaans, yana zebra. Ọ dị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mita 2000 n'elu oke osimiri nso ebe a na-eme njem Drakensberg na nso ebe Free State, Mpumalanga, na KwaZulu-Natal na-ezukọ.

Akụkụ abụọ nke Sneeuwberg Protected Environment jikọtara ya na ókèala ya dị n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Protected Areas Register (PAR)|url=https://dffeportal.environment.gov.za/portal/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=7e27f116dd194c1f9d446dacc76fe483|work=[[Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ala Mmiri ==
N'ebe ugwu Memel, Pampoenspruit zutere Osimiri Klip, otu mmiri nke Osimiri Tugela, n'ime apịtị dị kilomita 25 nke nwere ọtụtụ apịtị, ọdọ mmiri, ala idei mmiri, ọdọ mmiri, na ala ahịhịa ndị na-ejupụtakarị n'oge mmiri ozuzo. Ọ bụ ala mmiri kachasị ukwuu n'ime obodo na Highveld . &lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ramweb-uat.neox24.ch/about/the-ramsar-convention-and-its-mission|title=The Ramsar Convention and its Mission|accessdate=11 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409053942/http://ramweb-uat.neox24.ch/about/the-ramsar-convention-and-its-mission|archivedate=9 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Flora na anụmanụ ==
Enwere ike ịchọta ọtụtụ nnụnụ ndị dị ụkọ na ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ n'ebe ahụ. Nnụnụ ndị a bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ebe ahụ:

* Obere ihe ilu
* Nnụnụ a na-akpọ stork
* Ọdụdụ na-acha ọcha
* Crane na-acha anụnụ anụnụ
* Hedgehog
* Heron
* Stork
* Ibis
* Egret ehi
* Onye na-akpa ihe mkpuchi nke ndịda
* Ụgbala a na-ahụkarị
* Akpụkpọ anụ nwere isi awọ
* Crane a tụfuru atụfu
* Basra reed warbler
* Akpụkpọ anụ Rudd
* Ụgbụgbọ mmiri Botha

O yikarịrị ka n'ihi okpomọkụ oyi na ịdị elu a, a naghị ahụ agwọ ebe a.

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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{{Infobox park
| name = Seekoeivlei Nature Reserve
| map_image = {{maplink|type=shape|frame=yes|plain=yes|stroke-width=1|stroke-color=#d6d6d6|fill=#1e5833}}
| location = Free State
| nearest_town = Memel, South Africa
| coordinates = {{coord|27|37|36.01|S|29|34|58.01|E}}
| area = {{convert|49.89|km2}}
| designated = {{Start date and age|1978|02|10|df=yes}}
| module = {{Designation list
 | embed = yes
 | designation1 = Ramsar
 | designation1_offname = Seekoeivlei Nature Reserve
 | designation1_date = 21 January 1997
 | designation1_number = 888&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramsar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Seekoeivlei Nature Reserve|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/888|accessdate=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
}}

'''Ebe Nchekwa Ọdịdị Seekoeivlei''' bụ ala mmiri sara mbara nke dị ihe dị ka kilomita 30 (ma ọ bụ hekta 4,754) nso obodo Memel na Free State, South Africa. A kpọrọ mpaghara a ebe Ramsar na 1999. Ọ pụrụ iche maka ebe obibi ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 250, obodo Memel abụrụla ebe a ma ama maka ndị na-anụ nnụnụ, nke nwere akpụkpọ nnụnụ na ebe a na-eme nri ehihie. Ọ bụkwa ebe obibi nke ụfọdụ hippopotamus, &quot;seekoei&quot; bụ nsụgharị Afrikaans, yana zebra. Ọ dị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mita 2000 n'elu oke osimiri nso ebe a na-eme njem Drakensberg na nso ebe Free State, Mpumalanga, na KwaZulu-Natal na-ezukọ.

Akụkụ abụọ nke Sneeuwberg Protected Environment jikọtara ya na ókèala ya dị n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Protected Areas Register (PAR)|url=https://dffeportal.environment.gov.za/portal/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=7e27f116dd194c1f9d446dacc76fe483|work=[[Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ala Mmiri ==
N'ebe ugwu Memel, Pampoenspruit zutere Osimiri Klip, otu mmiri nke Osimiri Tugela, n'ime apịtị dị kilomita 25 nke nwere ọtụtụ apịtị, ọdọ mmiri, ala idei mmiri, ọdọ mmiri, na ala ahịhịa ndị na-ejupụtakarị n'oge mmiri ozuzo. Ọ bụ ala mmiri kachasị ukwuu n'ime obodo na Highveld . &lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ramweb-uat.neox24.ch/about/the-ramsar-convention-and-its-mission|title=The Ramsar Convention and its Mission|accessdate=11 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409053942/http://ramweb-uat.neox24.ch/about/the-ramsar-convention-and-its-mission|archivedate=9 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Flora na anụmanụ ==
Enwere ike ịchọta ọtụtụ nnụnụ ndị dị ụkọ na ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ n'ebe ahụ. Nnụnụ ndị a bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ebe ahụ:

* Obere ihe ilu
* Nnụnụ a na-akpọ stork
* Ọdụdụ na-acha ọcha
* Crane na-acha anụnụ anụnụ
* Hedgehog
* Heron
* Stork
* Ibis
* Egret ehi
* Onye na-akpa ihe mkpuchi nke ndịda
* Ụgbala a na-ahụkarị
* Akpụkpọ anụ nwere isi awọ
* Crane a tụfuru atụfu
* Basra reed warbler
* Akpụkpọ anụ Rudd
* Ụgbụgbọ mmiri Botha

O yikarịrị ka n'ihi okpomọkụ oyi na ịdị elu a, a naghị ahụ agwọ ebe a.

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ogige ntụrụndụ UKhahlamba-Drakensberg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77453</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672822</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T22:35:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340333545|UKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3679" sha1="8yji9490ylutyix8pzo6p94bmg7dtyb" xml:space="preserve"> 

'''Ogige Ntụrụndụ uKhahlamba-Drakensberg''' bụ ebe a na-echebe na mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal nke South Africa, na-ekpuchi  km2  sq mi), ma bụrụ akụkụ nke Ogige ntụgharị Maloti-Drakenberg, UNESCO World Heritage Site.&lt;ref name=&quot;whsBrief&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/985|title=Maloti-Drakensberg Park|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|accessdate=11 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ gụnyere Royal Natal National Park, ogige ntụrụngwa nke Provincial, ma kpuchie akụkụ nke Drakensberg, ebe ugwu dị elu nke nwere ugwu kachasị elu na ndịda Afrịka.

Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ na Ogige Ntụrụndụ Sehlabathebe dị n'akụkụ ya na Alaeze nke [[Lesotho]] bụ akụkụ nke Ogige Ntọala Maloti-Drakensberg, nke e bu ụzọ kpọọ Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa na 30 Nọvemba 2000. UNESCO na-akọwa ya dị ka nke nwere &quot;ịma mma okike pụrụ iche na mgbidi basaltic ya na-arị elu, ọkpụkpụ dị egwu, na mgbidi nkume ájá ọla edo... ebe obibi dị iche iche na-echebe ọkwa dị elu nke ụdị dị iche iche dị na ụwa niile, ọkachasị nnụnụ na osisi... [na ya] nwekwara ọtụtụ ọgba na nkume-echebe ìgwè ihe osise kachasị ukwuu na ndị kachasị n'Africa n'ebe ndịda Sahara. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;whsBrief&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/985|title=Maloti-Drakensberg Park|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|accessdate=11 August 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/985 &quot;Maloti-Drakensberg Park&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe osise ndị a kpọtụrụ aha bụ Ihe osise parietal, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike ịbụ 40,000 ruo 100,000 afọ gara aga. 

.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/news/drakensberg-cable-car-appeal-for-investors-629cf640-7fd2-42a9-8101-349df466b7e8|title=Drakensberg cable car: appeal for investors|date=23 September 2020|author=le Guern|first=Shirley|work=[[The Mercury (South_Africa)|The Mercury]]|accessdate=25 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Anụmanụ ==
A na-eji ọkwa dị elu nke anụmanụ na anụmanụ na-enweghị azụ mara mpaghara Drakensberg.

== Nchekwa ==
[[Faịlụ:Mkhomazi_Wilderness_area,_South_Africa_-_panoramio_(3).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ebe Ọzara Mkhomazi]]
A kpọpụtala ọtụtụ akkụ dị elu nke South Africa nke ebe a na-echekwa anụ ọhịa Drakensberg dị ka ebe a na-echekwa anụ ọhịa ma ọ bụ ebe ọhịa. Ogige ukhahlamba-Drakensberg dịkwa na Ndepụta Ala Mmiri nke Mkpa Mba Nile (n'okpuru Mgbakọ Ramsar). N'akụkụ ogige ahụ bụ Ebe Nchekwa na Nchekwa Anụ ọhịa nke Cathkin Estates, nke dị kilomita 10.44 (4.03 sq mi) nke ala ahịhịa na-amaghị nwoke ma na-anọchite anya ogige anụ ọhịa kachasị ukwuu nkeonwe na mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cathkin.gemsprop.co.za/|title=Cathkin Estates|publisher=Gems Estate Management|accessdate=2015-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921171930/http://www.cathkin.gemsprop.co.za/|archivedate=2015-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ebe ndị dị n'ọzara gụnyere Mkhomazi, Upper Mkhomazi، Mlambonja, Mdedelelo, na Mzimkhulu. Mkhomazi Wilderness Area bụ mpaghara nke ala ịta ahụhụ na Drakensberg, nke dị n'etiti Giant's Castle na Sani Pass.

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Side box/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/985 Maloti-Drakensberg Park Ndepụta Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa na UNESCO]
* [http://www.govertical.co.za Okporo ụzọ ndị njem Drakensberg]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>672823</id>
      <parentid>672822</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T22:38:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
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      <text bytes="4814" sha1="h7m10maeeq7gum894lszh3f559zo275" xml:space="preserve">{{Use South African English|date = March 2023}}
{{short description|Part of a world heritage site in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa}}
{{lowercase}}
{{Infobox protected area
| location      = [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa]]
| coordinates   = {{coord|29|23|00|S|29|32|26|E|type:landmark_region:ZA_dim:100000|display=inline,title|format=dms}}
| area          = {{cvt|2429.13|km2}}
| module        = {{Designation list
 | embed = yes
 | designation1 = Ramsar
 | designation1_offname = Natal Drakensberg Park
 | designation1_date = 21 January 1997
 | designation1_number = 886&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Natal Drakensberg Park|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/886|access-date=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 }}
| map_caption   = Location of UKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park near the border of Lesotho
| name          = UKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park
| image         = &quot;Tugela Gorge&quot; wandeling - Royal Natal National Park.jpg
| image_caption = Tugela Gorge in the [[Royal Natal National Park]] area of the park.
| image_map     = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes | type1=shape|id1=Q2744060|stroke-width1=1|stroke-color1=#d6d6d6|fill1=#1e5833|title1=UKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park }}
| module2       = {{Location map | South Africa | relief=1 | width=300 }}
}}

'''Ogige Ntụrụndụ uKhahlamba-Drakensberg''' bụ ebe a na-echebe na mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal nke South Africa, na-ekpuchi  km2  sq mi), ma bụrụ akụkụ nke Ogige ntụgharị Maloti-Drakenberg, UNESCO World Heritage Site.&lt;ref name=&quot;whsBrief&quot; /&gt; Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ gụnyere Royal Natal National Park, ogige ntụrụngwa nke Provincial, ma kpuchie akụkụ nke Drakensberg, ebe ugwu dị elu nke nwere ugwu kachasị elu na ndịda Afrịka.

Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ na Ogige Ntụrụndụ Sehlabathebe dị n'akụkụ ya na Alaeze nke [[Lesotho]] bụ akụkụ nke Ogige Ntọala Maloti-Drakensberg, nke e bu ụzọ kpọọ Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa na 30 Nọvemba 2000. UNESCO na-akọwa ya dị ka nke nwere &quot;ịma mma okike pụrụ iche na mgbidi basaltic ya na-arị elu, ọkpụkpụ dị egwu, na mgbidi nkume ájá ọla edo... ebe obibi dị iche iche na-echebe ọkwa dị elu nke ụdị dị iche iche dị na ụwa niile, ọkachasị nnụnụ na osisi... [na ya] nwekwara ọtụtụ ọgba na nkume-echebe ìgwè ihe osise kachasị ukwuu na ndị kachasị n'Africa n'ebe ndịda Sahara. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;whsBrief&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/985|title=Maloti-Drakensberg Park|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|accessdate=11 August 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/985 &quot;Maloti-Drakensberg Park&quot;]. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe osise ndị a kpọtụrụ aha bụ Ihe osise parietal, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike ịbụ 40,000 ruo 100,000 afọ gara aga. 

.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/news/drakensberg-cable-car-appeal-for-investors-629cf640-7fd2-42a9-8101-349df466b7e8|title=Drakensberg cable car: appeal for investors|date=23 September 2020|author=le Guern|first=Shirley|work=[[The Mercury (South_Africa)|The Mercury]]|accessdate=25 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Anụmanụ ==
A na-eji ọkwa dị elu nke anụmanụ na anụmanụ na-enweghị azụ mara mpaghara Drakensberg.

== Nchekwa ==
[[Faịlụ:Mkhomazi_Wilderness_area,_South_Africa_-_panoramio_(3).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ebe Ọzara Mkhomazi]]
A kpọpụtala ọtụtụ akkụ dị elu nke South Africa nke ebe a na-echekwa anụ ọhịa Drakensberg dị ka ebe a na-echekwa anụ ọhịa ma ọ bụ ebe ọhịa. Ogige ukhahlamba-Drakensberg dịkwa na Ndepụta Ala Mmiri nke Mkpa Mba Nile (n'okpuru Mgbakọ Ramsar). N'akụkụ ogige ahụ bụ Ebe Nchekwa na Nchekwa Anụ ọhịa nke Cathkin Estates, nke dị kilomita 10.44 (4.03 sq mi) nke ala ahịhịa na-amaghị nwoke ma na-anọchite anya ogige anụ ọhịa kachasị ukwuu nkeonwe na mpaghara KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cathkin.gemsprop.co.za/|title=Cathkin Estates|publisher=Gems Estate Management|accessdate=2015-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921171930/http://www.cathkin.gemsprop.co.za/|archivedate=2015-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ebe ndị dị n'ọzara gụnyere Mkhomazi, Upper Mkhomazi، Mlambonja, Mdedelelo, na Mzimkhulu. Mkhomazi Wilderness Area bụ mpaghara nke ala ịta ahụhụ na Drakensberg, nke dị n'etiti Giant's Castle na Sani Pass.

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Side box/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

* [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/985 Maloti-Drakensberg Park Ndepụta Ebe Ihe Nketa Ụwa na UNESCO]
* [http://www.govertical.co.za Okporo ụzọ ndị njem Drakensberg]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>UMgeni Vlei Nature Reserve</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77454</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672825</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T22:54:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340333562|UMgeni Vlei Nature Reserve]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>672825</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2622" sha1="ou5czlwqsexq6btmpi79jjotvl2bys9" xml:space="preserve"> 

Ogige Ntụrụndụ uMgeni Vlei bụ ogige mmiri dị na KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa nke na-echebe ọtụtụ ụdị nnụnụ na-eyi egwu.

== Ebe ==
Ogige ahụ dị kilomita 22 n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Nottingham Road, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Fort Nottingham na Fort Nottinghan Nature Reserve, n'ọdịda anyanwụ-n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Pietermaritzburg, n'ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Maloti-Drakensberg Park, na n'ebe Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke Empisini Nature Reserve. Ọ dị 1,840 m n'elu oke osimiri.&amp;nbsp;

== Nleta ==
Ọ bụghị ọha na eze na-enweta ebe nchekwa ahụ n'efu. Ọ dị n'etiti ugbo na ịbanye siri ike. A ghaghị inweta ikikere tupu oge eruo ma na-enyekarị ya naanị ndị nchọpụta.

== Ebe nchekwa ==
Ebe nchekwa ahụ dị hekta 958, nke ọkara ya nwere apịtị na-adịgide adịgide, ọdọ mmiri, na apịtị. Ọkara nke ọzọ kpuchiri n'ahịhịa, ahịhịa, na osisi. A na-ahụkarị igirigi na ígwé ojii, àmụ̀mà na-efekarịkwa ebe ọ bụla ọzọ n'obodo ahụ. Mmiri ozuzo site na 800 ruo 1,000 mm/afọ bụ ihe nkịtị, ọ na-adakarị n'oge ọkọchị. Nke a bụ isi iyi nke Osimiri uMgeni nke na-enye Durban na Pietermaritzburg site na Midmar Dam, Albert Falls Dam, Nagle Dam, na Inanda Dam. Na 1987, Òtù Natal Parks Board weghaara mpaghara ahụ iji chebe kreen wattled, na na 2013, ogige ahụ ghọrọ ebe Ramsar.[1] N'ihi ezigbo nkwado ya na ndị ọrụ ugbo agbata obi, ndị nke abụọ nwere ike ịzụ ehi na atụrụ ha n'oge ụfọdụ n'ala ahịhịa nke ebe nchekwa ahụ. Ndị na-achụ nta na osisi ndị na-awakpo na-eweta nsogbu. Kreen wattled na nkịta ọhịa ojii ka dị egwu.

== Flora na anụmanụ ==
Enwere ike ịchọta nnụnụ ndị a n'ebe nchekwa ahụ: wattled crane, gray crown crane, blue crane, white-wing flufftail, African grass owl, yellow-breasted pipit, secretarybird, ground woodpecker, buff-streaked chat, sentinel rock-thrush, Drakensberg rockjumper, Cape vulture, bearded vulture, na grass singer. N'ime anụmanụ ndị a bụ oribi nke a na-eyi egwu. Osisi ọgwụ Merwilla natalenis na ọtụtụ ụdị red-hot pokers (Kniphofia) bụ ndị ama ama, mana sand blackberry (Rubus cuneifolius) na-awakpo ndị mmadụ.

== Hụkwa ==
Mgbakọ Ramsar

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* https://midlandsconservanciesforum.wordpress.com
* [http://www.saramsar.com www.saramsar.com]
* [http://www.birdlife.org.za www.birdlife.org.za]
* [http://www.kznwildlife.com www.kznwildlife.com]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>672826</id>
      <parentid>672825</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-05T23:01:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="3855" sha1="5oq6nwcxj4rukxfp36008glzzw4fdi6" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Protected Ramsar wetland in KZN, South Africa}}
{{lowercase title}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=January 2024}}
{{Lead rewrite|date=November 2019}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use South African English|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox protected area
| location = [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa]]
| coordinates = {{coord|29|29|28|S|29|49|47|E|type:landmark_region:ZA_dim:100000|display=inline,title|format=dms}}
| area = {{convert|958|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
| module = {{Designation list
 | embed = yes
 | designation1 = Ramsar
 | designation1_offname = uMgeni Vlei Nature Reserve
 | designation1_date = 19 March 2013
 | designation1_number = 2132&lt;ref name=&quot;ramsar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=uMgeni Vlei Nature Reserve|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2132|access-date=14 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 }}
| map_caption = Location of the park near the [[UKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park]]
| name = uMgeni Vlei Nature Reserve
| image = 
| image_caption = 
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=center|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=1|stroke-color=#d6d6d6|fill=#1e5833}}
| module2 = {{Location map | South Africa | relief=1 | width=300 }}
}}

Ogige Ntụrụndụ uMgeni Vlei bụ ogige mmiri dị na KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa nke na-echebe ọtụtụ ụdị nnụnụ na-eyi egwu.

== Ebe ==
Ogige ahụ dị kilomita 22 n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke Nottingham Road, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Fort Nottingham na Fort Nottinghan Nature Reserve, n'ọdịda anyanwụ-n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Pietermaritzburg, n'ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Maloti-Drakensberg Park, na n'ebe Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ nke Empisini Nature Reserve. Ọ dị 1,840 m n'elu oke osimiri.&amp;nbsp;

== Nleta ==
Ọ bụghị ọha na eze na-enweta ebe nchekwa ahụ n'efu. Ọ dị n'etiti ugbo na ịbanye siri ike. A ghaghị inweta ikikere tupu oge eruo ma na-enyekarị ya naanị ndị nchọpụta.

== Ebe nchekwa ==
Ebe nchekwa ahụ dị hekta 958, nke ọkara ya nwere apịtị na-adịgide adịgide, ọdọ mmiri, na apịtị. Ọkara nke ọzọ kpuchiri n'ahịhịa, ahịhịa, na osisi. A na-ahụkarị igirigi na ígwé ojii, àmụ̀mà na-efekarịkwa ebe ọ bụla ọzọ n'obodo ahụ. Mmiri ozuzo site na 800 ruo 1,000 mm/afọ bụ ihe nkịtị, ọ na-adakarị n'oge ọkọchị. Nke a bụ isi iyi nke Osimiri uMgeni nke na-enye Durban na Pietermaritzburg site na Midmar Dam, Albert Falls Dam, Nagle Dam, na Inanda Dam. Na 1987, Òtù Natal Parks Board weghaara mpaghara ahụ iji chebe kreen wattled, na na 2013, ogige ahụ ghọrọ ebe Ramsar.[1] N'ihi ezigbo nkwado ya na ndị ọrụ ugbo agbata obi, ndị nke abụọ nwere ike ịzụ ehi na atụrụ ha n'oge ụfọdụ n'ala ahịhịa nke ebe nchekwa ahụ. Ndị na-achụ nta na osisi ndị na-awakpo na-eweta nsogbu. Kreen wattled na nkịta ọhịa ojii ka dị egwu.

== Flora na anụmanụ ==
Enwere ike ịchọta nnụnụ ndị a n'ebe nchekwa ahụ: wattled crane, gray crown crane, blue crane, white-wing flufftail, African grass owl, yellow-breasted pipit, secretarybird, ground woodpecker, buff-streaked chat, sentinel rock-thrush, Drakensberg rockjumper, Cape vulture, bearded vulture, na grass singer. N'ime anụmanụ ndị a bụ oribi nke a na-eyi egwu. Osisi ọgwụ Merwilla natalenis na ọtụtụ ụdị red-hot pokers (Kniphofia) bụ ndị ama ama, mana sand blackberry (Rubus cuneifolius) na-awakpo ndị mmadụ.

== Hụkwa ==
Mgbakọ Ramsar

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* https://midlandsconservanciesforum.wordpress.com
* [http://www.saramsar.com www.saramsar.com]
* [http://www.birdlife.org.za www.birdlife.org.za]
* [http://www.kznwildlife.com www.kznwildlife.com]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ọchịchịrị nke oké osimiri</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77455</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672831</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T01:11:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cassy louis</username>
        <id>48686</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1229079906|Ocean turbidity]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>672831</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6014" sha1="mniqbuwkiyzx90qc0ezdk7am7enfd78" xml:space="preserve">
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Pre-Hurricane_Bob_Ocean_Turbidity.jpg|thumb|Nlegharị anya nke oké osimiri nke oké osimiri obere oge tupu ajọ ifufe Bob (August 14, 1991) ]]
Ịchà nchà mmiri oke osimiri bụ otu e si atụ ogo mmiri oke osimiri si bụrụ ọchịchịrị ma ọ bụ nwee uzuzu n'ihi obere irighiri ihe ndị dị n'ime ya nke anya mmadụ apụghị ịhụ ma e wezụga site n'iji igwe na-ebuli ihe elu. Mmiri oke osimiri nwere ịchà nchà dị elu bụ nke nwere ọtụtụ irighiri ihe ndị na agbasasị ìhè.N'ime mmiri ndị na-amịkọrọ ìhè nke ukwuu na ndị na-agbasasị ìhè nke ukwuu, ike ịhụ ihe dị n'ime mmiri na-adị ntakịrị. Mmiri na-agbasasị ìhè nke ukwuu ka na-atụgharị ọtụtụ ìhè azụ, ebe mmiri na-amịkọrọ ìhè nke ukwuu, dịka osimiri ma ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri ojii , na-adị ezigbo ọchịchịrị.

== Ịtụle ==
E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ iji tụọ oke osimiri, gụnyere ụgbọ ala ndị na-anọghị n'otu, [[Shipcasts|ugbo mmiri]] na Satịlaịtị.

Site na satịlaịtị, a pụrụ ịtụ ogo nchà mmiri n'ụzọ na-abụghị nke ozugbo site n'ịlele oke ìhè mmiri na-atụgharị azụ  n'akụkụ a na-ahụ anya nke ụdị ebili mmiri eletrik na ndọta .

N'ihe oyiyi ndị a, a na-atụle ụfụfụ dị ka pasent nke ìhè na-apụta site na kọlụm mmiri n'agbata pasent 0 na 8. Enwere ike ijikọta pasentị reflection na attenuation, omimi disk Secchi ma ọ bụ ngụkọta nke ihe siri ike ọ bụ ezie na mmekọrịta ahụ ga-adịgasị iche na mpaghara ma dabere na njirimara anya nke mmiri ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Florida Bay, 10% reflection kwekọrọ na ntinye nke 30 milligram / lita na omimi Secchi nke 0.5 mita. Mmekọrịta ndị a bụ ihe dịka ahịrị nke mere na 5% reflection ga-adaba na ntinye nke ihe dịka 15 milligram / lita na omimi Secchi nke 1 mita. N'ógbè mmiri nke Osimiri Mississippi, otu ihe ndị a na-egbuke egbuke ga-anọchite anya ọnụ ọgụgụ sediment nke dị ihe dị ka okpukpu iri ma ọ bụ karịa.

== Oké Ifufe ==
Dị ka mmadụ ga-atụ anya, ọtụtụ n'ime ihe oyiyi ndị a na-ekpughe mmụba dị ukwuu na turbidity na mpaghara ebe ajọ ifufe mere ala. Mmụba ahụ bụ n'ihi ihe ndị dị n'ime ala nke e si na mpaghara ala na-adịghị omimi. N'ebe ndị dị nso n'ikperé mmiri, ụfọdụ n'ime mgbaàmà ahụ nwekwara ike ịbụ n'ihi ihe ndị si n'ụsọ osimiri na-agbaze nakwa site na mmiri ndị si n&quot;osimiri. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, [[Mmụba ngwa ngwa nke algae|okooko osisi phytoplankton]] na-esote ajọ ifufe n'ihi mmụba nke ihe oriri nwere ike ịchọpụta.

Nnyocha nke turbidity mgbe ajọ ifufe gafere nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ ojiji maka njikwa akụ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri gụnyere:

* ịchọpụta &quot;ebe ọkụ&quot; mpaghara ebe a ga-atụ anya na mbuze ga-aka njọ
* na-eme atụmatụ ngụkọta nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ala nke ajọ ifufe ahụ mere
* na-ekpebi oke oghere nke mkpokọta sediment
* ịchọpụta oke na onyinye nke mmiri
* na-enyocha ma na-ebu amụma mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ime

Banyere ojiji ndị a, ikpebi mpaghara ndị nwere nnukwu nsogbu ga-eme ka ndị njikwa kpebie usoro nzaghachi kachasị mma yana inyere aka hụ na a na-eji ihe onwunwe ndị na-esote ajọ ifufe eme ihe nke ọma.

== Ịkọwa ihe oyiyi ==
Naanị obere akụkụ nke ìhè na-eme n'oké osimiri ga-egosipụta ma nata site na satellite. O yikarịrị ka photon na-egosipụta ma pụọ n'oké osimiri na-ebelata nke ukwuu na ogologo ụzọ ya n'ime mmiri n'ihi na oké osimiri bụ ihe na-amịkọrọ. Ka oke osimiri nke photon ga-agafe, otú ahụ ka ohere ya nke ihe na-amịkọrọ. Mgbe ọ mịrị, ọ ga-emesị bụrụ akụkụ nke ebe nchekwa okpomọkụ nke oké osimiri. Mmetụta na mgbasa nke mmiri na-ekpebi ọnụego nke ìhè kwụ ọtọ ma setịpụ njedebe na omimi na-enye aka na mgbaàmà satellite. Iwu ezi uche dị na ya bụ na pasent 90 nke mgbaàmà na-abịa site na mmiri nke satellite na-ahụ sitere na ogologo nkwụsịtụ mbụ. Olee omimi nke a na-adabere na ịmịkọrọ na ịgbasa ihe nke mmiri n'onwe ya na ihe ndị ọzọ dị na mmiri. Maka wavelengths na nso infrared na ogologo oge, omimi ịbanye na-adịgasị iche site na mita ruo micrometers ole na ole. Maka band 1, omimi ịbanye ga-abụkarị n'etiti 1 na 10 mita. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri ahụ nwere nnukwu oghere n'okpuru mita 10, o yighị ka satellite ga-ahụ oghere ahụ.

Maka mmiri doro anya na-adịghị omimi, enwere ohere dị mma, enwere ike ịhụ ala. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Bahamas, mmiri ahụ doro anya ma bụrụ naanị mita ole na ole n'omimi, na-akpata oke mgbagwoju anya n'ihi na ala na-egosipụta ọtụtụ band 1 ìhè. Maka ebe ndị nwere nnukwu mgbaàmà, ọkachasị ebe ndị nwere mmiri doro anya, akụkụ nke mgbaàmà ahụ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ntụgharị ala. Dị ka o kwesịrị, nke a agaghị abụ nsogbu na onyinyo mgbagwoju anya nke na-esote ajọ ifufe ebe ọ bụ na oké ifufe ahụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe na-egbuke egbuke dị n'ala ghara ịdị.

Igwe ojii bụkwa nsogbu maka nkọwa nke ụzarị satellite. Algorithms wepụ igwe ojii na-arụ ọrụ dị mma maka pikselụ ndị igwe ojii zuru oke. Pikselụ ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-esiri ike ịchọpụta ma na-akpata atụmatụ mgbagwoju anya dị elu. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke turbidity dị nso na igwe ojii bụ ihe a na-enyo enyo.
 

* Carbon a gbazere agbaze (DOC) 

''Rịba ama: E webatara ozi dị na ibe a site na NOAA, nke a kwadoro n'okpuru iwu United States. Isi iyi mbụ nke ozi ahụ dị na https://web.archive.org/web/20040902231404/http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/cohab/hurricane/turbid.htm''{{aquatic ecosystem topics|expanded=marine}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>672832</id>
      <parentid>672831</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T01:12:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cassy louis</username>
        <id>48686</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1229079906|Ocean turbidity]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Pre-Hurricane_Bob_Ocean_Turbidity.jpg|thumb|Nlegharị anya nke oké osimiri nke oké osimiri obere oge tupu ajọ ifufe Bob (August 14, 1991) ]]
Ịchà nchà mmiri oke osimiri bụ otu e si atụ ogo mmiri oke osimiri si bụrụ ọchịchịrị ma ọ bụ nwee uzuzu n'ihi obere irighiri ihe ndị dị n'ime ya nke anya mmadụ apụghị ịhụ ma e wezụga site n'iji igwe na-ebuli ihe elu. Mmiri oke osimiri nwere ịchà nchà dị elu bụ nke nwere ọtụtụ irighiri ihe ndị na agbasasị ìhè.N'ime mmiri ndị na-amịkọrọ ìhè nke ukwuu na ndị na-agbasasị ìhè nke ukwuu, ike ịhụ ihe dị n'ime mmiri na-adị ntakịrị. Mmiri na-agbasasị ìhè nke ukwuu ka na-atụgharị ọtụtụ ìhè azụ, ebe mmiri na-amịkọrọ ìhè nke ukwuu, dịka osimiri ma ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri ojii , na-adị ezigbo ọchịchịrị.

== Ịtụle ==
E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ iji tụọ oke osimiri, gụnyere ụgbọ ala ndị na-anọghị n'otu, [[Shipcasts|ugbo mmiri]] na Satịlaịtị.

Site na satịlaịtị, a pụrụ ịtụ ogo nchà mmiri n'ụzọ na-abụghị nke ozugbo site n'ịlele oke ìhè mmiri na-atụgharị azụ  n'akụkụ a na-ahụ anya nke ụdị ebili mmiri eletrik na ndọta .

N'ihe oyiyi ndị a, a na-atụle ụfụfụ dị ka pasent nke ìhè na-apụta site na kọlụm mmiri n'agbata pasent 0 na 8. Enwere ike ijikọta pasentị reflection na attenuation, omimi disk Secchi ma ọ bụ ngụkọta nke ihe siri ike ọ bụ ezie na mmekọrịta ahụ ga-adịgasị iche na mpaghara ma dabere na njirimara anya nke mmiri ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Florida Bay, 10% reflection kwekọrọ na ntinye nke 30 milligram / lita na omimi Secchi nke 0.5 mita. Mmekọrịta ndị a bụ ihe dịka ahịrị nke mere na 5% reflection ga-adaba na ntinye nke ihe dịka 15 milligram / lita na omimi Secchi nke 1 mita. N'ógbè mmiri nke Osimiri Mississippi, otu ihe ndị a na-egbuke egbuke ga-anọchite anya ọnụ ọgụgụ sediment nke dị ihe dị ka okpukpu iri ma ọ bụ karịa.

== Oké Ifufe ==
Dị ka mmadụ ga-atụ anya, ọtụtụ n'ime ihe oyiyi ndị a na-ekpughe mmụba dị ukwuu na turbidity na mpaghara ebe ajọ ifufe mere ala. Mmụba ahụ bụ n'ihi ihe ndị dị n'ime ala nke e si na mpaghara ala na-adịghị omimi. N'ebe ndị dị nso n'ikperé mmiri, ụfọdụ n'ime mgbaàmà ahụ nwekwara ike ịbụ n'ihi ihe ndị si n'ụsọ osimiri na-agbaze nakwa site na mmiri ndị si n&quot;osimiri. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, [[Mmụba ngwa ngwa nke algae|okooko osisi phytoplankton]] na-esote ajọ ifufe n'ihi mmụba nke ihe oriri nwere ike ịchọpụta.

Nnyocha nke turbidity mgbe ajọ ifufe gafere nwere ike ịnwe ọtụtụ ojiji maka njikwa akụ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri gụnyere:

* ịchọpụta &quot;ebe ọkụ&quot; mpaghara ebe a ga-atụ anya na mbuze ga-aka njọ
* na-eme atụmatụ ngụkọta nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ala nke ajọ ifufe ahụ mere
* na-ekpebi oke oghere nke mkpokọta sediment
* ịchọpụta oke na onyinye nke mmiri
* na-enyocha ma na-ebu amụma mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike ime

Banyere ojiji ndị a, ikpebi mpaghara ndị nwere nnukwu nsogbu ga-eme ka ndị njikwa kpebie usoro nzaghachi kachasị mma yana inyere aka hụ na a na-eji ihe onwunwe ndị na-esote ajọ ifufe eme ihe nke ọma.

== Ịkọwa ihe oyiyi ==
Naanị obere akụkụ nke ìhè na-eme n'oké osimiri ga-egosipụta ma nata site na satellite. O yikarịrị ka photon na-egosipụta ma pụọ n'oké osimiri na-ebelata nke ukwuu na ogologo ụzọ ya n'ime mmiri n'ihi na oké osimiri bụ ihe na-amịkọrọ. Ka oke osimiri nke photon ga-agafe, otú ahụ ka ohere ya nke ihe na-amịkọrọ. Mgbe ọ mịrị, ọ ga-emesị bụrụ akụkụ nke ebe nchekwa okpomọkụ nke oké osimiri. Mmetụta na mgbasa nke mmiri na-ekpebi ọnụego nke ìhè kwụ ọtọ ma setịpụ njedebe na omimi na-enye aka na mgbaàmà satellite. Iwu ezi uche dị na ya bụ na pasent 90 nke mgbaàmà na-abịa site na mmiri nke satellite na-ahụ sitere na ogologo nkwụsịtụ mbụ. Olee omimi nke a na-adabere na ịmịkọrọ na ịgbasa ihe nke mmiri n'onwe ya na ihe ndị ọzọ dị na mmiri. Maka wavelengths na nso infrared na ogologo oge, omimi ịbanye na-adịgasị iche site na mita ruo micrometers ole na ole. Maka band 1, omimi ịbanye ga-abụkarị n'etiti 1 na 10 mita. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri ahụ nwere nnukwu oghere n'okpuru mita 10, o yighị ka satellite ga-ahụ oghere ahụ.

Maka mmiri doro anya na-adịghị omimi, enwere ohere dị mma, enwere ike ịhụ ala. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Bahamas, mmiri ahụ doro anya ma bụrụ naanị mita ole na ole n'omimi, na-akpata oke mgbagwoju anya n'ihi na ala na-egosipụta ọtụtụ band 1 ìhè. Maka ebe ndị nwere nnukwu mgbaàmà, ọkachasị ebe ndị nwere mmiri doro anya, akụkụ nke mgbaàmà ahụ nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ntụgharị ala. Dị ka o kwesịrị, nke a agaghị abụ nsogbu na onyinyo mgbagwoju anya nke na-esote ajọ ifufe ebe ọ bụ na oké ifufe ahụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe iji mee ka ihe na-egbuke egbuke dị n'ala ghara ịdị.

Igwe ojii bụkwa nsogbu maka nkọwa nke ụzarị satellite. Algorithms wepụ igwe ojii na-arụ ọrụ dị mma maka pikselụ ndị igwe ojii zuru oke. Pikselụ ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-esiri ike ịchọpụta ma na-akpata atụmatụ mgbagwoju anya dị elu. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke turbidity dị nso na igwe ojii bụ ihe a na-enyo enyo.

== Hụkwa ==
 

* Carbon a gbazere agbaze (DOC) 

== Edensibịa ==
''Rịba ama: E webatara ozi dị na ibe a site na NOAA, nke a kwadoro n'okpuru iwu United States. Isi iyi mbụ nke ozi ahụ dị na https://web.archive.org/web/20040902231404/http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/cohab/hurricane/turbid.htm''{{aquatic ecosystem topics|expanded=marine}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>2wzc10f8cjkub8ob2on80a5ujrfebix</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Paul Gipe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77456</id>
    <revision>
      <id>672839</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T01:34:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cassy louis</username>
        <id>48686</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326309059|Paul Gipe]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>672839</origin>
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'''Paul Gipe''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1950) bụ onye America na-akwado ike ọhụrụ, onye edemede, na ọkachamara na teknụzụ na iwu ike ifufe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Bronstein|first=Scott|date=1985-06-23|title=What's New in Renewable Energy Sources; Wind Power Shifts into High Gear|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/23/business/what-s-new-in-renewable-energy-sources-wind-power-shifts-into-high-gear.html|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya maka onyinye ya n'ịmepụta usoro [[Ike mmeghari ohuru|ike na-agbanwe agbanwe]] nke obodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Galbraith|first=Kate|date=2011-10-02|title=Homeowners and Businesses Embracing Small Wind Turbines|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/03/business/global/homeowners-and-businesses-embracing-small-wind-turbines.html|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1998, World Renewable Energy Congress nyere ya onyinye maka ọrụ yana Renewable energy. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Movers And Shakers in Wind Power: Paul Gipe • MWPS World|url=https://www.mwps.world/news/2011/10/11/movers-and-shakers-in-wind-power-paul-gipe/|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=www.mwps.world}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tụkwasị na nke a, na 1988, American Wind Energy Association kpọrọ ya Onye nke Afọ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-31|title=&quot;Offshore wind is a chimera and a dangerous one at that&quot;|url=https://www.renewableenergymagazine.com/interviews/offshore-wind-is-a-chimera-and|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=Renewable Energy Magazine, at the heart of clean energy journalism|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O dere banyere ike ifufe na anyanwụ, ụtụ isi, na ụgbọala eletrik.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sherwood|first=Larry|date=2012-10-26|title=The IREC Interview: Wind Advocate Paul Gipe|url=https://www.irecusa.org/blog/irec/the-irec-interview-wind-advocate-paul-gipe/|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC)|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye nyocha maka World Future Council . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Berliant|first=Leslie|date=2010-06-01|title=Can California Lead the Nation on Feed-In Tariffs?|url=https://insideclimatenews.org/news/01062010/can-california-lead-nation-feed-tariffs/|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=Inside Climate News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O nyere aka n'agba mgba nke were afọ asaa iji nweta ka e nwee Iwu Mba banyere Ngwuputa N'elu Ala , nke na-achịkwa ngwuputa kol n'elu ala   na United States.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ ya na 1950 na Alexandria, Indiana . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-10-03|title=Paul Gipe|url=https://wind-works.org/author/paul-gipe/?query-35653366-page=34&amp;cst|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=WIND WORKS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere nzere interdisciplinary na Natural Resources site na Mahadum Ball State na Muncie, Indiana . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=S|first=Diana|date=2020-12-16|title=Paul Gipe – PLAYERS IN WIND • MWPS World|url=https://www.mwps.co.uk/wind-energy-news/players-in-wind/2020/movers-and-shakers-in-wind-power-paul-gipe/|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=UK Wind Turbines|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe Gipe ka bụ nwa akwụkwọ, o tinyere aka n'ịkwado nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi. O sonyere n'ọrụ mkpọsa nke rịọrọ Ụlọ Omeiwu Indiana ka ha machibido ire ncha  nwere phosphate, n'ihi mmetụta ọjọọ ha nwere ike inwe n'ahụ́ gburugburu ebe obibị &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Movers And Shakers in Wind Power: Paul Gipe • MWPS World|url=https://www.mwps.world/news/2011/10/11/movers-and-shakers-in-wind-power-paul-gipe/|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=www.mwps.world}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.mwps.world/news/2011/10/11/movers-and-shakers-in-wind-power-paul-gipe/ &quot;Movers And Shakers in Wind Power: Paul Gipe • MWPS World&quot;]. ''www.mwps.world''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-02-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ịghọta ihe ndị ọkachamara ya rụzuru, e nyere Gipe dị ka onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ pụrụ iche site na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị n'Otu na Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mahadum Ball State na 2019, na-adaba na ncheta afọ 50 nke ngalaba ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Movers And Shakers in Wind Power: Paul Gipe • MWPS World|url=https://www.mwps.world/news/2011/10/11/movers-and-shakers-in-wind-power-paul-gipe/|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=www.mwps.world}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.mwps.world/news/2011/10/11/movers-and-shakers-in-wind-power-paul-gipe/ &quot;Movers And Shakers in Wind Power: Paul Gipe • MWPS World&quot;]. ''www.mwps.world''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-02-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ ya na [[Ike mmeghari ohuru|ike na-agbanwe agbanwe]] gafere ihe karịrị afọ iri anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-11-30|title=Paul Gipe Talks Wind Energy, Turbine Tech &amp; Much More|url=https://weatherguardwind.com/paul-gipe-wind-energy/|accessdate=2025-02-20|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere iji ike ifufe rụọ ọrụ na ngwụcha afọ 1970 na mmalite afọ 1980. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Burclaff|first=Natalie|title=Research Guides: Renewable Energy Industries: A Research Guide: Wind Energy Industry|url=https://guides.loc.gov/renewable-energy/wind|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=guides.loc.gov|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; O keere òkè na mgbalị afọ asaa iji mee ka National Surface Mining Act, nke na-achịkwa igwu coal na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Berliant|first=Leslie|date=2010-06-01|title=Can California Lead the Nation on Feed-In Tariffs?|url=https://insideclimatenews.org/news/01062010/can-california-lead-nation-feed-tariffs/|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=Inside Climate News|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBerliant2010&quot;&gt;Berliant, Leslie (2010-06-01). [https://insideclimatenews.org/news/01062010/can-california-lead-nation-feed-tariffs/ &quot;Can California Lead the Nation on Feed-In Tariffs?&quot;]. ''Inside Climate News''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-02-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka akụkụ nke atụmatụ a, Gipe so dee Surface Mining, Energy, and the Environment ma Onye isi ala [[Jimmy Carter]] kpọrọ ya na White House maka ịbịanye aka na Surface Miner Control and Reclamation Act nke 1977. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Smith|first=Katie|date=2023-02-28|title=KFTC seeks investigation into relation between flooding and mining in area|url=https://www.hazard-herald.com/news/kftc-seeks-investigation-into-relation-between-flooding-and-mining-in-area/article_cf4832bc-b2ed-11ed-b777-67ee794b14ee.html|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=hazard-herald.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O keere òkè n'ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ ụtụ isi - usoro ndị na-akpali mmepụta ike ọhụrụ - na ahịa North America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-08-22|title=What are Feed-in Tariffs and RPS? {{!}} Green City Times|url=https://www.greencitytimes.com/feed-in-tariffs-simple-incentives-for-renewable-energy/|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=www.greencitytimes.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ malitere mkpọsa na-eweta ụtụ isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na [[Kánada|Canada]] na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2010-09-01|title=The Feed-in Tariff Factor|url=https://www.powermag.com/the-feed-in-tariff-factor/|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=POWER Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2004, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke Ontario Sustainable Energy Association,  ebe ọ duziri mkpọsa maka Advanced Renewable Tariffs, nke mechara duga na Ontario's Green Energy Act na 2009. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-31|title=&quot;Offshore wind is a chimera and a dangerous one at that&quot;|url=https://www.renewableenergymagazine.com/interviews/offshore-wind-is-a-chimera-and|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=Renewable Energy Magazine, at the heart of clean energy journalism|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.renewableenergymagazine.com/interviews/offshore-wind-is-a-chimera-and &quot;&quot;Offshore wind is a chimera and a dangerous one at that&quot;&quot;]. ''Renewable Energy Magazine, at the heart of clean energy journalism''. 2012-01-31&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-02-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-09-05|title=The Butterfly Effect: How A Single Wind Turbine Led To A Renewable Energy Revolution In Ontario|url=https://www.huffpost.com/archive/ca/entry/the-butterfly-effect-how-a-single-wind-turbine-led-to-a-renewab_b_1854949|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=HuffPost|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na 1986 ruo 1994, Gipe nọchitere anya American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) na West Coast ma jee ozi na ndị nduzi ya site na 1996 ruo 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sherwood|first=Larry|date=2012-10-26|title=The IREC Interview: Wind Advocate Paul Gipe|url=https://www.irecusa.org/blog/irec/the-irec-interview-wind-advocate-paul-gipe/|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC)|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSherwood2012&quot;&gt;Sherwood, Larry (2012-10-26). [https://www.irecusa.org/blog/irec/the-irec-interview-wind-advocate-paul-gipe/ &quot;The IREC Interview: Wind Advocate Paul Gipe&quot;]. ''Interstate Renewable Energy Council (IREC)''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-02-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ duziri Kern Wind Energy Association, otu azụmahịa dị na California, n'oge ngwụcha afọ 1980 na mmalite afọ 1990. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-31|title=&quot;Offshore wind is a chimera and a dangerous one at that&quot;|url=https://www.renewableenergymagazine.com/interviews/offshore-wind-is-a-chimera-and|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=Renewable Energy Magazine, at the heart of clean energy journalism|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.renewableenergymagazine.com/interviews/offshore-wind-is-a-chimera-and &quot;&quot;Offshore wind is a chimera and a dangerous one at that&quot;&quot;]. ''Renewable Energy Magazine, at the heart of clean energy journalism''. 2012-01-31&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2025-02-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha afọ 1990, Gipe mere mkpọtụ na nnwale arụmọrụ nke obere turbines ikuku, na-enye aka na-ịmepụta usoro nnwale na asambodo maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paul Gipe's Air curves|url=https://scoraigwind.com/gipe/index.htm|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=scoraigwind.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gipe nọchitere anya Pennsylvania Chapter nke [[Sierra Club]] na mkparịta ụka iwu na steeti ma rụọ ọrụ na mbụ na otu ndụmọdụ teknụzụ nke [[Sierra Club]] maka ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Information on Large-Scale Wind and Solar Power {{!}} Sierra Club|url=https://www.sierraclub.org/atlantic/information-large-scale-wind-and-solar-power|work=www.sierraclub.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2005, isi nke Kern-Kaweah nke Sierra Club nyere ya Sierra Club Cup, ihe nrite kachasị ewu ewu nke isi.

Gipe edeela akwụkwọ gbasara Ike ifufe, gụnyere Wind Energy Basics: A Guide to Home and Community Scale Wind-Energy Systems &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Gipe|first=Paul|url=https://archive.org/details/windenergybasics0000gipe|title=Wind energy basics : a guide to home- and community-scale wind energy systems|date=2009|publisher=White River Junction, Vt. : Chelsea Green Pub. Co.|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-1-60358-030-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Wind Power: Renewable Energy for Home, Farm, and Business, nke asụgharịrị n'ọtụtụ asụsụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paul Gipe {{!}} Innovation Network {{!}} Joint Initiatives {{!}} Renewable Energy Institute|url=https://www.renewable-ei.org/en/innovation_nw/exp30.html|accessdate=2025-02-20|work=www.renewable-ei.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ==

=== Akwụkwọ ===

* {{Cite book|author=Gipe|first=Paul|title=Wind energy for the rest of us: a comprehensive guide to wind power and how to use it: introducing electricity rebels and how they are changing the face of wind energy|date=2016|publisher=wind-works.org|isbn=978-0-9974518-1-8|edition=First printing|location=Bakersfield, CA}}
* {{Cite book|author=Pasqualetti|first=Martin J.|title=Wind power in view: energy landscapes in a crowded world|date=2002|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-546334-8|series=Sustainable world series|location=San Diego}}
* {{Cite book|author=Gipe|first=Paul|title=Wind Power, Revised Edition: Renewable Energy for Home, Farm, and Business|publisher=Chelsea Green Publishing|year=2004|isbn=978-1931498142|pages=512}}
* {{Cite book|author=Gipe|first=Paul|title=Wind energy basics: a guide to small and micro wind systems|date=1999|publisher=Chelsea Green Pub. Co|isbn=978-1-890132-07-1|series=Real Goods solar living book|location=White River Junction, VT}}
* {{Cite book|author=Gipe|first=Paul|title=Wind energy comes of age|date=1995|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-471-10924-2|series=Wiley series in sustainable design|location=New York}}
* {{Cite book|author=Gipe|first=Paul|title=Wind power for home &amp; business: renewable energy for the 1990s and beyond|date=1993|publisher=Chelsea Green Pub. Co|isbn=978-0-930031-64-0|series=A real goods independent living book|location=Post Mills, VT}}

=== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ===

* {{Cite journal|author=Möllerström|first=Erik|title=A historical review of vertical axis wind turbines rated 100 kW and above|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews|date=1 May 2019|volume=105|pages=1–13|doi=10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.022|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032118308153|issn=1364-0321}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Gipe|first=Paul|title=The Wind Industry's Experience with Aesthetic Criticism|journal=Leonardo|date=1993|volume=26|issue=3|pages=243–248|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/606667|issn=1530-9282}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Gipe|first=Paul|title=An overview of the history of wind turbine development: Part II–The 1970s onward|journal=Wind Engineering|date=1 February 2023|volume=47|issue=1|pages=220–248|doi=10.1177/0309524X221122594|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0309524X221122594|language=en|issn=0309-524X}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Gipe|first=Paul|title=An overview of the history of wind turbine development: Part I—The early wind turbines until the 1960s|journal=Wind Engineering|date=1 December 2022|volume=46|issue=6|pages=1973–2004|doi=10.1177/0309524X221117825|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0309524X221117825|language=en|issn=0309-524X}}

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=S3IsEvsAAAAJ&amp;hl=en Profaịlụ onye ọkà mmụta]
{{authority control}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340334913|Verloren Valei Nature Reserve]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Verloren Valei Nature Reserve''' (Lost Valley na Bekee) bụ ebe a na-echebe na Mpumalanga, South Africa. Otu n'ime ebe ole na ole dị na mba ahụ iji zụlite ụdị cranes atọ dị na South Africa, Verloren Vallei Nature Reserve dị ihe dị ka kilomita 13 (8.1 mi) na mpụga Dullstroom, akụkụ mara mma, nke udo nke Steenkampsberg plateau nke gụnyere ala ahịhịa na ala mmiri dị nro. 

Njem nlegharị anya gburugburu ebe nchekwa ahụ iji hụ kreen na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, kreen na kreen Grey crown bụ naanị site na oge a kara aka - ebe nchekwa ahụ bụ ebe mmiri Ramsar zuru ụwa ọnụ ma nwee mkpa mba ụwa. Usoro ihe karịrị ala mmiri iri atọ jikọtara ọnụ bụ ebe obibi nke nnụnụ dị mkpa, gụnyere ụdị data uhie, yabụ ọ dị mfe nghọta na Verloren Vallei Nature Reserve na-etinye aka n'inye ọtụtụ nnụnụ ya ebe nchekwa dị mma. Ọrụ na-aga n'ihu iji zọpụta kreen wattle site na mbibi na-anakọta àkwá nke abụọ nke nnụnụ ndị a mepụtara maka ịkụnye. A na-azụ ụmụ ọkụkọ ndị a iche iche n'ebe a haziri nke ọma na ebe nchekwa ahụ, ndị mmadụ yi uwe kreen na-elekọta ha ka ha ghara ịta mmadụ ahụhụ. Ozugbo ha dị ọnwa isii, a na-ahapụ ha n'ime ọhịa iji mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na-ebelata.

Ala ahịhịa mepere emepe bụ ebe obibi nke bald ibis, pitpits, larks, cisticolas, Magpie Shrikes, red bishops na finches, ebe akụkụ ndị dị n'oké nkume nke ebe nchekwa ahụ na-adọta nkata ugwu, ala woodpecker, obere ntụ ntụ na red-winged francolin na Cape rock thrush. Verloren Vallei gụnyekwara ụmụ anụmanụ dịka oribi, steenbok, hyena na-acha nchara nchara, Caracal, serval cat, jackal, otters na zebras, wildebeest na blesbok e weghachiri. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Osisi gụnyere ''Eucomis vandermerwei'' a na-eyi egwu, nke a na-echebe n'ime ebe nchekwa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;LottBurrvonS09&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lötter|first=M.|date=2009|title=''Eucomis vandermerwei'' I.Verd.|work=National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1|url=http://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=3790-19|accessdate=2018-11-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mana kpakpando nke ihe ngosi ahụ na Verloren Vallei Nature Reserve bụ urukurubụba - nke a na-adọta n'ọtụtụ okooko osisi - mmiri na-atọ ụtọ na, n'ezie, cranes. 

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* http://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/mpl_verloren-vallei.htm</text>
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      <text bytes="4692" sha1="5y6ajba24cwqziu353kobf83wfezc5o" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|Protected area of South Africa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use South African English|date=October 2019}}
{{Refimprove|date=November 2009}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Verloren Valei Nature Reserve
| iucn_category = 
| image = 
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = 
| image_size = 
| map = South Africa Mpumalanga
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = Map of [[Mpumalanga]]
| map_width = 
| location = [[Mpumalanga]], [[South Africa]]
| nearest_city = [[Dullstroom]]
| coordinates ={{coords|-25.3|30.115|region:ZA-MP|notes=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://protectedplanet.net/sites/Verloren_Valei_Provincial_Nature_Reserve |title= Verloren Valei Provincial Nature Reserve |work=protectedplanet.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;|display=inline, title}}
| area = {{convert|5891|ha|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=&quot;mtp&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mpumalanga.com/parks/verloren.asp 
|title=Verloren Valei Nature Reserve |publisher=Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency |access-date=12 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717153143/http://www.mpumalanga.com/parks/verloren.asp |archive-date=17 July 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mpumalangaparksboard.com/reserve.html|title=NATURE RESERVES IN MPUMALANGA|publisher=[[Mpumalanga Parks Board]]|access-date=12 December 2009|archive-date=11 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711082443/http://www.mpumalangaparksboard.com/reserve.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| established = 
| visitation_num = 
| visitation_year = 
| governing_body = 
| url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090717153143/http://www.mpumalanga.com/parks/verloren.asp
| module = {{Designation list
 | embed = yes
 | designation1 = Ramsar
 | designation1_date = 16 October 2001
 | designation1_number = 1110&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Verloren Valei Nature Reserve|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1110|access-date=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
}}

'''Verloren Valei Nature Reserve''' (Lost Valley na Bekee) bụ ebe a na-echebe na Mpumalanga, South Africa. Otu n'ime ebe ole na ole dị na mba ahụ iji zụlite ụdị cranes atọ dị na South Africa, Verloren Vallei Nature Reserve dị ihe dị ka kilomita 13 (8.1 mi) na mpụga Dullstroom, akụkụ mara mma, nke udo nke Steenkampsberg plateau nke gụnyere ala ahịhịa na ala mmiri dị nro. 

Njem nlegharị anya gburugburu ebe nchekwa ahụ iji hụ kreen na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, kreen na kreen Grey crown bụ naanị site na oge a kara aka - ebe nchekwa ahụ bụ ebe mmiri Ramsar zuru ụwa ọnụ ma nwee mkpa mba ụwa. Usoro ihe karịrị ala mmiri iri atọ jikọtara ọnụ bụ ebe obibi nke nnụnụ dị mkpa, gụnyere ụdị data uhie, yabụ ọ dị mfe nghọta na Verloren Vallei Nature Reserve na-etinye aka n'inye ọtụtụ nnụnụ ya ebe nchekwa dị mma. Ọrụ na-aga n'ihu iji zọpụta kreen wattle site na mbibi na-anakọta àkwá nke abụọ nke nnụnụ ndị a mepụtara maka ịkụnye. A na-azụ ụmụ ọkụkọ ndị a iche iche n'ebe a haziri nke ọma na ebe nchekwa ahụ, ndị mmadụ yi uwe kreen na-elekọta ha ka ha ghara ịta mmadụ ahụhụ. Ozugbo ha dị ọnwa isii, a na-ahapụ ha n'ime ọhịa iji mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na-ebelata.

Ala ahịhịa mepere emepe bụ ebe obibi nke bald ibis, pitpits, larks, cisticolas, Magpie Shrikes, red bishops na finches, ebe akụkụ ndị dị n'oké nkume nke ebe nchekwa ahụ na-adọta nkata ugwu, ala woodpecker, obere ntụ ntụ na red-winged francolin na Cape rock thrush. Verloren Vallei gụnyekwara ụmụ anụmanụ dịka oribi, steenbok, hyena na-acha nchara nchara, Caracal, serval cat, jackal, otters na zebras, wildebeest na blesbok e weghachiri. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Osisi gụnyere ''Eucomis vandermerwei'' a na-eyi egwu, nke a na-echebe n'ime ebe nchekwa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;LottBurrvonS09&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lötter|first=M.|date=2009|title=''Eucomis vandermerwei'' I.Verd.|work=National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2017.1|url=http://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=3790-19|accessdate=2018-11-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mana kpakpando nke ihe ngosi ahụ na Verloren Vallei Nature Reserve bụ urukurubụba - nke a na-adọta n'ọtụtụ okooko osisi - mmiri na-atọ ụtọ na, n'ezie, cranes. 

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* http://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/mpl_verloren-vallei.htm</text>
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    <title>Bill Standifer</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358595910|Bill Standifer]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="7014" sha1="8736f05242hwicea9bvx77gova5ct54" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;'''J. William &quot;Little Bill&quot; Standifer''' (ihe dị ka 1853 - Ọktoba 4, 1903) bu onye America na-agba égbè na onye iwu nke Old West. A na-echeta ya nke ọma maka ịbụ onye a ma ama na onye a ma ma ama bu John Higgins gburu ya na 1903.

== Ndụ mbụ na aha ọjọọ ==
A mụrụ ya J. William Standifer na Burnet County, Texas, ma zụlite ya na Lampasas County, Texas. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, ọ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile dị ka onye na-agba ịnyịnya. N'afọ ahụ, mgbe ọ hụrụ ndị ikom anọ na-ezu ohi ehi, ndị ikom ahụ tiri ya ihe ma merụọ ya ahụ nke ukwuu, mana ọ lanarịrị. N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ nwata, ọ chọtara ndị ikom anọ ahụ, ma gbuo ha otu otu. Ọ bụ ezie na a chụpụrụ ebubo, a tọhapụrụ ya. 

N'ọnwa Eprel 1879, Standifer na-arụ ọrụ dịka onye na-elekọta ehi  n'ugbo Ike Mullins Ranch, dị na Tom Green County, Texas, ebe ọ zutere onye ọzọ na-elekọta ehi aha ya bụ John McMahon, nke ụfọdụ ndị na-akpọkwa John Mahon.Ha abụọ batara n'esemokwu mgbe Standifer jụrụ ikwe ka McMahon gafee ehi ya n'ala ịta ahịhịa ebe Standifer na-echekwa ọtụtụ ehi Mullins. McMahon wepụtara ụtarị e ji achụ ehi , ebe otu onye ya na ya so tụrụ Standifer egbe. McMahon malitekwara iti Standifer ụtarị ahụ. Ebe ha abụọ nọ n'elu ịnyịnya, Standifer jisiri ike gbaa ọsọ n'ịnyịnya ya wee gbanahụ.  

Standifer gbapụrụ, ruo obodo Marfa, na Texas, ebe ọ sonyeere n'esemokwu n'ime ụlọ mmanya  ya na ndị agha atọ si Fort Davis. N'oge esemokwu ahụ, ọ gbara mmadụ abụọ n'ime ha egbe ma merụọ ha ahụ, tupu ọ gbapụ ọzọ.

== Ọrụ onye ọka iwu, esemokwu ya na John Higgins ==
Ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ 1880, Standifer na-aụna-achọpụta ndị ohi, a makwaara na ọ gbagburu ma gbuo ma ọ rdarịa ala otu onye ohi na nso Estacado,Texas .Mgbe ọchịchọ m Estacado,Texastara, Standifer gbara ọsọ mbelatata ya dị ka County Sheriff hopa Crosby county, Texas site na 1 Cross by country,Texasna-eje ozi dị ka Sheriff, na 1891, ya na Deputy Charlie Quillen chụpụrụ otu ndị ohi post Office na Lincoln County, New Mexico, ebeLincoln county 
Nw Mexico,e
nloghachi na Texas, mgbe ha nọ na VVN Ranch nke George Neal, ndị omemndi omepụra imeri ya na Deputy Quillen. A gbagburu onye nnọchi anya ahụ ma merụọ ya ahụ n'obi ya na égbè nke ya, mana o nwere ike ịlụso onye omekome ahụ ọgụ n'ala ma merie ya. Mgbọ ahụ merụkwara nwunye George Neal ahụ. Standifer, onye nọ n'èzí na-elekọta ịnyịnya, nụrụ ka nwunye ya na-eti mkpu, wee gbaa ọsọ n'ime. Onye ọzọ n'ime ndị omempụ ahụ nwetara égbè Standifer, mana mgbe Standifer batara, égbè ahụ gbapụrụ. Standifer meriri onye a na-enyo enyo ka ọ daa, wee nyere osote Quillen aka. N'otu abalị ahụ, o kegidere ndị omempụ atọ ahụ, ma soro ha na Quillen gaa dọkịta kacha nso. Deputy Quillen lanarịrị, ha abụọ mechara nwee ike ịkpọrọ ndị mkpọrọ ha gaa Texas. 

N'afọ 1893, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ ọzọ dị ka onye nyocha Range maka nnukwu ụlọ na-aga nke ọma na Texas panhandle, ọkachasị Spur Ranch dị ike, nke dị na Spur, Texas, ebe ọ zutere John &quot;Pink&quot; Higgins, onye a ma ama na-ugbo égbè nke Standifer maara, ebe ọ bụ na ha abụọ si Lampssas,Texas. Standifer nwetara aha ngwa ngwa maka ịbụ ezigbo onye na-achụ nta, na maka ịchọta anụ ọ na-eri mgbe niile. Na June 1898, mgbe ọ na-achụ ndị ohi, Standifer rutere Clairemont, Texas obodo siri ike n'oge ahụ, na ebe a gbagburu Jeff Hardin, nwanne nwoke nke onye na-agba égbè John Wesley Hardin, Standifer chọtara onye ohi aha ya bụ Bob Kiggins n'ebe ahụ, mana Kiggins jụrụ inyefe onwe ya, na ọgụ egbe nke sochiri Standifer gbagburu Kiggins. 

N'oge a, ibu iro dị n'etiti Standifer na Higgins malitere, nke a na-akọwaghị n'ezie. E dere na ụmụnne Horrell, ndị e mere ka ha daa site na mgbalị nke &quot;Pink&quot; Higgins, na ndị bụ ndị ikwu Standifer, so na nsogbu dị n'etiti ha. Otú ọ dị, o yikarịrị ka ọ bụ n'ihi nwa Higgins, Cullin, onye ọka iwu, onye nọchitere anya nwunye Standifer na ịgba alụkwaghịm ya na ya. Fred Horsbrugh, onye njikwa nke Spur Ranch, chụpụrụ Higgins na Standifer n'ihi esemokwu na-arịwanye elu n'etiti ha. Otú ọ dị, Horsbrugh kwere ka Higgins nọrọ ruo oge ụfọdụ mgbe nke a gasịrị, ruo mgbe ọ chọtara ọrụ ọzọ. Nke a were Standifer iwe. N'afọ 1900, Standifer kwagara Hartley County, Texas ebe a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Sheriff. 

N'otu oge, obere oge tupu Higgins ahapụ Spur Ranch, e zigara ya ka ọ nyochaa ohi ehi nwere ike na mpaghara dịpụrụ adịpụ nke anụ ụlọ ahụ. N'ịga gburugburu, Higgins hụrụ Standifer na-echere n'ìgwè osisi. Kama ịgakwuru ya, ma mara na ọ nọ ebe ahụ iji wakpo ya, Higgins laghachiri n'ụlọ. Otú ọ dị, ibu iro ahụ gara n'ihu. N'ụtụtụ nke October 4, 1903, mgbe o kwusịrị na ọ ga-egbu Higgins, Standifer gbaara gaa n'ugbo Higgins. Higgins, mgbe ọ hụrụ ya n'ụlọ ya, gbaara ịnyịnya gaa izute ya. Nwoke di Higgins na nwa ya nwanyị Nzuzo n'akụkụ ugwu dị nso, ma hụ ihe mere mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị. Standifer bu ụzọ gbaa égbè, kụọ ịnyịnya Higgins, nke wee tụgharịa, na-eme ka égbè mbụ Higgins gaa n'ihu. Na mgbanwe ịgba égbè nke sochiri, a gbagburu Standifer. Ịnyịnya Higgins nwụkwara. 

Higgins wee weghachite ịnyịnya ọzọ, wee kpọtụrụ Sheriff B. F. Roy, na Clairemont. Mgbe Higgins gwara Sheriff Roy na o kwenyere na ya gburu Standifer, Sheriff Roy, onye na-enweghị mmasị na Standifer n'ihi ihe ndị a na-amaghị, kwuru &quot;Ọ dị mma ma ọ bụrụ na ị ejighị n'aka, ị ga-aka mma ịga mechaa ọrụ ahụ&quot;. E kpebiri na ịgba égbè ahụ bụ igbu ọchụ ziri ezi, e jụghịkwa Higgins ma ọ bụ kpee ya ikpe. O liri Standifer n'onwe ya, na ala Higgins, na-akpọ ahịhịa ebe e liri ya &quot;Standifer's Thicket&quot;.

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~txdicken/cemetery/standifer_jw.html Bill Standifer]
* [http://www.texasescapes.com/ClayCoppedge/Pink-Higgins.htm &quot;Pink&quot; Higgins]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081205004417/http://www.shootingtimes.com/gunsmoke/higgins_0731/index.html Iweta Udo n'ókèala, &quot;Pink&quot; Higgins]
* [http://www.carolyar.com/Biographies/ProtectionMan.htm Bill Standifer, Nwoke Nchebe]
{{s-start}}
{{s-civ|pol}}
{{succession box|before=[[Felix Franklin]]|title=[[Sheriff]] of [[Crosby County, Texas]]|years=1888&amp;ndash;1894|after=[[J. C. Murphy]]}}
{{succession box|before=[[Robert Oliver Neely]]|title=[[Sheriff]] of [[Hartley County, Texas]]|years=1900&amp;ndash;1903|after=[[Robert Lee Queen]]}}
{{s-end}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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{{Nnọọ|username=Cassy louis|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 06:00, 6 Julaị 2026 (UTC)}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351297669|Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Sargasso_2.svg|thumb|&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Legend/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{legend|#ff8025|The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt}} &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Legend/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{legend|#65bf8b|[[Sargasso Sea]]}} &lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Legend/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{legend-line|#63afd5 solid 5px|major currents in the North Atlantic}}]]
The GASB has ecological impacts on beaches, water quality, and organisms, as well as health impacts on humans. The recurrence of this bloom has affected economies, especially of countries affected in the Caribbean.&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencemag&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wang|first=Mengqiu|date=2019-07-05|title=The great Atlantic Sargassum belt|journal=[[Science (magazine)|Science]]|language=en|volume=365|issue=6448|pages=83–87|doi=10.1126/science.aaw7912|issn=0036-8075|pmid=31273122}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịnihu nke okooko osisi ==
[[Faịlụ:Punta-Tuna-Beach-Sargassum-Close-Up-Wide.jpg|thumb|245x245px|''Sargassum'' a na-asacha na Punta Tuna Beach, Puerto Rico]]
[[Faịlụ:Great_Atlantic_Sargassum_Belt.jpg|thumb|Mmepe nke belt 2011-2018]]
Mats nke ''Sargassum'' na mpaghara a nke Atlantic abụghị ihe ọhụrụ, ebe a kọrọ na ọ dịla na narị afọ nke iri na ise.&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencemag&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wang|first=Mengqiu|date=2019-07-05|title=The great Atlantic Sargassum belt|journal=[[Science (magazine)|Science]]|language=en|volume=365|issue=6448|pages=83–87|doi=10.1126/science.aaw7912|issn=0036-8075|pmid=31273122}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWangHuBarnesMitchum2019&quot;&gt;Wang, Mengqiu; Hu, Chuanmin; Barnes, Brian B.; Mitchum, Gary; Lapointe, Brian; Montoya, Joseph P. (July 5, 2019). [[doi:10.1126/science.aaw7912|&quot;The great Atlantic Sargassum belt&quot;]]. ''[[Science (magazine)|Science]]''. '''365''' (6448): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;83–&lt;/span&gt;87. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Sci...365...83W 2019Sci...365...83W]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:&lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-free&quot; title=&quot;Freely accessible&quot;&gt;[[doi:10.1126/science.aaw7912|10.1126/science.aaw7912]]&lt;/span&gt;. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075 0036-8075]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&amp;nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31273122 31273122]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&amp;nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195804245 195804245].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2011, okooko osisi buru ibu nke ukwuu iji pụta ìhè na foto satellite pụtara na nke mbụ ya, ọ pụtakwara ọtụtụ oge ọkọchị kemgbe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencemag&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Barberton|first=Zan|date=2023-03-07|title=The creeping threat of the Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt|language=en-GB|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/07/great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-seaweed-visible-from-space|accessdate=2023-03-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eche na nnukwu okooko osisi a na 2011 sitere na mmiri na-asọsi ike na mmiri dị elu n'Oké Osimiri Atlantic.&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencemag&quot; /&gt;

Nanị afọ okooko osisi ahụ apụtaghị bụ 2013. Enweghị okooko osisi ''Sargassum'' na 2013 dugara n'ịchịkọta ihe oriri, na-emepụta ọnọdụ kachasị mma maka nnukwu okooko osisi na 2014 na afọ ndị sochirinụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencemag&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wang|first=Mengqiu|date=2019-07-05|title=The great Atlantic Sargassum belt|journal=[[Science (magazine)|Science]]|language=en|volume=365|issue=6448|pages=83–87|doi=10.1126/science.aaw7912|issn=0036-8075|pmid=31273122}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na June 2022, e mere atụmatụ na belt ahụ dị nde tọn 24.2.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rodríguez-Martínez|first=R. E.|date=2025-04-01|title=The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X|journal=Harmful Algae|volume=144|doi=10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|pmid=40187796|issn=1568-9883}}&lt;/ref&gt; E ji ọtụtụ patches mee ya, ụfọdụ ruo otu acre n'elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;natgeo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gibbens|first=Sarah|date=2023-03-16|title=A giant, rotting mass of seaweed threatens beach season in the U.S.|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/seaweed-blob-great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-beach-threat|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318091222/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/seaweed-blob-great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-beach-threat|archivedate=March 18, 2023|accessdate=2023-03-18|work=[[National Geographic]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:SargassumBarbados_(cropped1).jpg|thumb|Otu kilomita n'obosara (0.62 mi) nke sargassum n'Oké Osimiri Caribbean]]

== Mmetụta ==

=== Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ===
During heavy blooms, the huge tangles of seaweed can ensnare larger wildlife like dolphins, sometimes fatally. Huge amounts of seaweed wash up on beaches, rotting and attracting insects. Epibionts living on ''Sargassum'' alter naturally occurring seaweed and seagrasses that get washed up, impacting habitats, food webs, and nutrient cycling.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rodríguez-Martínez|first=R. E.|date=2025-04-01|title=The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X|journal=Harmful Algae|volume=144|doi=10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|pmid=40187796|issn=1568-9883}}&lt;/ref&gt; When mats of ''Sargassum'' are present, macrophytes and mangroves experience less growth due to a lack of sunlight penetrating the water.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Additionally, accumulation of ''Sargassum'' on beaches can raise the temperature of nearby sea turtle nests, impacting nesting patterns in the future and the hatchling sex ratio.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt; Pelagic ''Sargassum'' is an important source of biodiversity in the region as it hosts a whole ecosystem, including many endemic species.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Robledo|first=Daniel|date=2021-07-22|title=Challenges and Opportunities in Relation to Sargassum Events Along the Caribbean Sea|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|volume=8|doi=10.3389/fmars.2021.699664|issn=2296-7745}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pelagic ''Sargassum'' may also act as a minor carbon sink. With declining conditions in coastal ecosystems like marshes and mangroves due to human activity, this could play an increasingly important role in decreasing atmospheric carbon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

''Sargassum'' na-emetụta usoro nri n'ihi ihe oriri na algae ndị ọzọ dị na mmiri nke na-agbanwe omume nri nke anụmanụ na-eri ahịhịa na mmiri na-adịghị omimi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rodríguez-Martínez|first=R. E.|date=2025-04-01|title=The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X|journal=Harmful Algae|volume=144|doi=10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|pmid=40187796|issn=1568-9883}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nchịkọta nke ''Sargassum'' n'akụkụ osimiri na-ahapụ ihe dị n'ime mmiri, na-akpata ọdịdị gbara ọchịchịrị, na-acha nchara nchara ma belata ìhè. Mat nwekwara ike ịnakọta mmetọ, gụnyere microplastics, nke na-eme ka ọdịdị mmiri dịkwuo njọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rodríguez-Martínez|first=R. E.|date=2025-04-01|title=The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X|journal=Harmful Algae|volume=144|doi=10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|pmid=40187796|issn=1568-9883}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imebi ''Sargassum'' na-ewepụkwa ihe ndị dị ndụ nke na-ebelata ogo mmiri dị nso n'ikpere mmiri. Nchịkọta a nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na-eduga na eutrophication.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rodríguez-Martínez|first=R. E.|date=2025-04-01|title=The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X|journal=Harmful Algae|volume=144|doi=10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|pmid=40187796|issn=1568-9883}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmetụta ọ na-emetụta ahụike mmadụ ===
As beached ''Sargassum'' decomposes, it releases hydrogen sulfide gas. Hydrogen sulfide smells like rotting eggs, and can irritate the eyes and throat,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Marchante|first=Michelle|date=March 17, 2023|title=Miami Beach and the Keys could get loads of seaweed. It's smelly and can cause these symptoms|url=https://www.miamiherald.com/living/health-fitness/article273215890.html|work=[[Miami Herald]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; being particularly harmful to people with respiratory problems such as asthma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Coto|first=Dánica|date=2022-08-03|title=Record amount of seaweed is choking shores in the Caribbean|url=https://apnews.com/article/travel-health-caribbean-6efc338cdfed7282300ea0d752b6d9fb|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210094539/https://apnews.com/article/travel-health-caribbean-6efc338cdfed7282300ea0d752b6d9fb|archivedate=December 10, 2022|accessdate=2023-03-19|work=[[AP News]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Vibrio'' bacteria, which can cause necrotizing fasciitis in extreme cases, are found in large numbers in the mats of seaweed. The bacteria readily stick to ''Sargassum'' algae and the [[Ihe mkpofu mmiri|plastic debris]] that gets tangled in it.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Thomson|first=Jess|date=2023-05-30|title=Seaweed full of flesh-eating bacteria hitting Florida|url=https://www.newsweek.com/seaweed-flesh-eating-bacteria-florida-sargassum-1803326|accessdate=2023-06-05|work=Newsweek|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Luscombe|first=Richard|date=2023-06-03|title=Clumps of 5,000-mile seaweed blob bring flesh-eating bacteria to Florida|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/03/sargassum-seaweed-algae-florida-bacteria-vibrio|accessdate=2023-06-05|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; The presence of ''Sargassum'' in coastal areas prevents residents from fishing for their own consumption in some cases, which has lead to food insecurity in areas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rodríguez-Martínez|first=R. E.|date=2025-04-01|title=The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X|journal=Harmful Algae|volume=144|doi=10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|pmid=40187796|issn=1568-9883}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRodríguez-MartínezTorres-CondeRosellón-DrukerCabanillas-Terán2025&quot;&gt;Rodríguez-Martínez, R. E.; Torres-Conde, E. G.; Rosellón-Druker, J.; Cabanillas-Terán, N.; Jáuregui-Haza, U. (April 1, 2025). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X &quot;The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review&quot;]. ''Harmful Algae''. '''144''' 102838. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025HAlga.14402838R 2025HAlga.14402838R]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:&lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-free&quot; title=&quot;Freely accessible&quot;&gt;[[doi:10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838]]&lt;/span&gt;. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1568-9883 1568-9883]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&amp;nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40187796 40187796].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmetụta akụ na ụba ===
Sargassum a ṅụrụ mmiri na-ere ere n'ụsọ osimiri, na-adọta ụmụ ahụhụ ma na-emetụta obodo ndị dị na Caribbean.[1] E nweela mbelata na njem nlegharị anya maka ọtụtụ mba dị na Caribbean n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya nke a pụrụ ikwu na ọ bụ echiche ọha na eze banyere Sargassum.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rodríguez-Martínez|first=R. E.|date=2025-04-01|title=The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X|journal=Harmful Algae|volume=144|doi=10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|pmid=40187796|issn=1568-9883}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRodríguez-MartínezTorres-CondeRosellón-DrukerCabanillas-Terán2025&quot;&gt;Rodríguez-Martínez, R. E.; Torres-Conde, E. G.; Rosellón-Druker, J.; Cabanillas-Terán, N.; Jáuregui-Haza, U. (April 1, 2025). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X &quot;The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review&quot;]. ''Harmful Algae''. '''144''' 102838. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025HAlga.14402838R 2025HAlga.14402838R]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:&lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-free&quot; title=&quot;Freely accessible&quot;&gt;[[doi:10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838]]&lt;/span&gt;. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1568-9883 1568-9883]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&amp;nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40187796 40187796].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Hydroids are carried by ''Sargassum.'' They can cause issues for the fishing and aquaculture industries, as they are known to cause rashes in humans and can adapt to many different environments.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rodríguez-Martínez|first=R. E.|date=2025-04-01|title=The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X|journal=Harmful Algae|volume=144|doi=10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|pmid=40187796|issn=1568-9883}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fishermen in the Caribbean have often experienced less fishing activity in recent years and higher fish mortality due to the ''Sargassum'' belt. However, in some countries like the Dominican Republic, there have been reports of increased catch for certain species.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;

Iwepụ ''Sargassum'' dị n'ụsọ osimiri dị oke ọnụ, na-eru ọtụtụ narị nde dollar n'ebe ụfọdụ. Nke a, tinyere mbelata nke ọrụ nke nnukwu ngalaba akụ na ụba, emeela ka mba ndị na-enwe idei mmiri ''Sargassum'' kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rodríguez-Martínez|first=R. E.|date=2025-04-01|title=The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X|journal=Harmful Algae|volume=144|doi=10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|pmid=40187796|issn=1568-9883}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRodríguez-MartínezTorres-CondeRosellón-DrukerCabanillas-Terán2025&quot;&gt;Rodríguez-Martínez, R. E.; Torres-Conde, E. G.; Rosellón-Druker, J.; Cabanillas-Terán, N.; Jáuregui-Haza, U. (April 1, 2025). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156898832500040X &quot;The Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt: Impacts on the Central and Western Caribbean–A review&quot;]. ''Harmful Algae''. '''144''' 102838. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025HAlga.14402838R 2025HAlga.14402838R]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:&lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-free&quot; title=&quot;Freely accessible&quot;&gt;[[doi:10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838|10.1016/j.hal.2025.102838]]&lt;/span&gt;. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1568-9883 1568-9883]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&amp;nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40187796 40187796].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

While there is no single cause of the '''''GASB''''', the shape of the belt seems to align with circulation patterns of water in the tropical Atlantic Ocean.&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencemag&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wang|first=Mengqiu|date=2019-07-05|title=The great Atlantic Sargassum belt|journal=[[Science (magazine)|Science]]|language=en|volume=365|issue=6448|pages=83–87|doi=10.1126/science.aaw7912|issn=0036-8075|pmid=31273122}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWangHuBarnesMitchum2019&quot;&gt;Wang, Mengqiu; Hu, Chuanmin; Barnes, Brian B.; Mitchum, Gary; Lapointe, Brian; Montoya, Joseph P. (July 5, 2019). [[doi:10.1126/science.aaw7912|&quot;The great Atlantic Sargassum belt&quot;]]. ''[[Science (magazine)|Science]]''. '''365''' (6448): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;83–&lt;/span&gt;87. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Sci...365...83W 2019Sci...365...83W]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:&lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-free&quot; title=&quot;Freely accessible&quot;&gt;[[doi:10.1126/science.aaw7912|10.1126/science.aaw7912]]&lt;/span&gt;. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075 0036-8075]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&amp;nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31273122 31273122]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&amp;nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195804245 195804245].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe na-akpata mkpokọta nke ''Sargassum'' bụ ihe na-edozi ahụ na-abanye n'ime Atlantic site na mmiri nke Amazon na-ewepụta na mmiri na-asọba na West Africa. Algae esighị n'Oké Osimiri Sargasso dị nso dị ka e chepụtara na mbụ, dịka ''Sargassum'' mats a hụrụ n'oké osimiri ahụ nwere ụdị ọdịdị dị iche iche nke ''Sargassum'' karịa ndị na-achịkwa Sargassum Belt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Schell|first=Jeffrey|date=2015-09-01|title=Recent Sargassum Inundation Events in the Caribbean: Shipboard Observations Reveal Dominance of a Previously Rare Form|journal=Oceanography|volume=28|issue=3|pages=8–10|doi=10.5670/oceanog.2015.70|issn=1042-8275}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akụkụ ndị e mere ka ha yie ihe na-egosi na ''Sargassum'' na-abanye n'etiti Atlantic site na West Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencemag&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wang|first=Mengqiu|date=2019-07-05|title=The great Atlantic Sargassum belt|journal=[[Science (magazine)|Science]]|language=en|volume=365|issue=6448|pages=83–87|doi=10.1126/science.aaw7912|issn=0036-8075|pmid=31273122}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọdịnihu nke okooko osisi ==
A na-ebu amụma na GASB ga-anọgide na-apụta site n'afọ ruo n'afọ ka mkpụrụ ka dị na okpomọkụ na mmiri ga-anọgidekwa na-enweta enrichment nke ihe na-edozi ahụ site na ala.&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencemag&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wang|first=Mengqiu|date=2019-07-05|title=The great Atlantic Sargassum belt|journal=[[Science (magazine)|Science]]|language=en|volume=365|issue=6448|pages=83–87|doi=10.1126/science.aaw7912|issn=0036-8075|pmid=31273122}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Scientific and technological advances are allowing scientists to better study and mitigate the impacts of the ''GASB.'' There may be ways to harvest ''Sargassum'' and use it in energy production in the future, thus creating a sustainable use for biomass.&lt;ref name=&quot;sciencemag&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wang|first=Mengqiu|date=2019-07-05|title=The great Atlantic Sargassum belt|journal=[[Science (magazine)|Science]]|language=en|volume=365|issue=6448|pages=83–87|doi=10.1126/science.aaw7912|issn=0036-8075|pmid=31273122}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the future, forecasting events and taking preventative action will be more cost effective than initiatives to clean ''Sargassum'' off of beaches.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Robledo|first=Daniel|date=2021-07-22|title=Challenges and Opportunities in Relation to Sargassum Events Along the Caribbean Sea|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|volume=8|doi=10.3389/fmars.2021.699664|issn=2296-7745}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Great Calcite Belt
* Ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa n'ebe ugwu Atlantic

== Edensibịa ==

[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Belle Starr</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360235859|Belle Starr]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Myra Maybelle Shirley Reed Starr''' (February 5, 1848 - February 3, 1889), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Belle Starr, bụ onye America na-emebi iwu nke nwetara aha ọjọọ na mba ahụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rasmussen|first=Cecilia|date=2002-02-17|title=Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206230155/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archivedate=2019-12-06|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-akpakọrịta ya na James-Younger Gang na ndị omekome ndị ọzọ. A mara ya ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya n'afọ 1883. E gburu ya egbu n'afọ 1889 n'okwu nke a ka na-edozibeghị n'ihu ọha. Richard Kyle Fox mere ka akụkọ ya pụta ìhè, o mechara bụrụ onye a ma ama na telivishọn na ihe nkiri.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Belle Starr Myra Maybelle Shirley n'ugbo nna ya dị nso na Carthage, Missouri, na Febụwarị 5, 1848. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ezinụlọ ya kpọrọ ya May. Nna ya, John Shirley, nwere ọganihu n'ịzụ ọka wit, ọka, ezi na ịnyịnya, mana a na-ewere ya dị ka &quot;atụrụ ojii&quot; nke ezinụlọ Virginia bara ọgaranya kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Indiana, ebe ọ lụrụ di ma gbaa alụkwaghịm ugboro abụọ. [2]  &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation cites a broad range of pages. Page ranges should be limited to one or two pages when possible. (August 2025)&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Isi peeji sara mbara nke ukwuu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Nne ya, Elizabeth &quot;Eliza&quot; Hatfield Shirley, bụ nwunye nke atọ nke John Shirley na onye ikwu dị anya na Hatfields nke esemokwu ezinụlọ a ma ama . [ 3 ] N'afọ 1860, nna Belle rere ugbo ahụ wee kwaga ezinụlọ ya na Carthage, ebe ọ zụtara ụlọ anụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịkpụ ihe n'ámá obodo.

Myra Shirley gụrụ akwụkwọ na klasịk ma mụta piano, mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Carthage Female Academy nke Missouri, ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe nke nna ya nyeere aka ịchọta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agha Obodo na ihe ndị sochiri ya ==
N'oge Agha Obodo Amerịka, nwanne Myra nke tọrọ ya, John A. M. &quot;Bud&quot; Shirley, bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Jasper County, na-alụ ọgụ maka Confederacy. A maara Myra dị ka onye kwadoro nwanne ya nwoke n'ọrụ ndị a, ikekwe dị ka onye nledo, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ọtụtụ ihe gbasara nkọwa kpọmkwem.[5] Ndị agha gọọmentị etiti gburu Bud na ngwụcha June afọ 1864. [6] N'oge na-adịghị anya,&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;N'obi ya na-ajọ njọ maka ọnwụ Bud na azụmaahịa ya nke ohi na mbibi mebiri, [John Shirley] tụfuru ihe onwunwe ya, bufee ezinụlọ ya na ngwongwo ụlọ ya n'ime ụgbọala Conestoga abụọ, wee gawa Texas ... Ebe Shirley na-aga bụ Scyene, obere obodo nta dị kilomita iri na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Dallas. Myra [May], nwa nwanyị ji ọrụ n'aka, kwọọrọ otu n'ime ụgbọala ndị ahụ&quot;.[7]&lt;/blockquote&gt;Dị ka akwụkwọ Belle Starr nke Burton Rascoe (Random House, 1941), si kwuo, &quot;A na-ewere ndị Shirley dị ka 'ndị a na-ahụkarị,' n'ihi na ha enweghị ndị ohu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rascoe|first=Burton|title=Belle Starr|publisher=Random House|year=1941|edition=1st|location=New York City|pages=113|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Myra bụ &quot;onye na-agaghị aga&quot; ma onye nkuzi Mrs. Poole weere ya dị ka &quot;onye na'ụzọ dị egwu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ndị ezinụlọ Reed kwagara Texas ma, dị ka ndekọ alụmdi na nwunye nke Collin County si kwuo, James C. Reed na Mira [''sic''] M. Shirley lụrụ n'ebe ahụ na Nọvemba 1, 1866. [9] Afọ abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ya, Rosie Lee (aha ya bụ Pearl). &lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Meier|first=Allison|date=3 April 2013|title=Belle Starr the Bandit Queen: How a Southern Girl Became a Legendary Western Outlaw|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/belle-starr-the-bandit-queen|journal=[[Atlas Obscura]]|accessdate=16 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Belle nwere ụdị ejiji siri ike mgbe niile, nke mere ka akụkọ ifo ya pụta ìhè. Dịka ọ na-eyi ihe na-agbawa agbawa, ọ na-eyi ákwà mkpuchi ụkwụ ojii mgbe ọ na-eyi uwe ịnyịnya ojii na okpu e ji nku nke nnụnụ mee, na-ebu egbe abụọ, nwere eriri katrij n'úkwù ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Reed ghọrọ onye mpụ ma chọọ igbu ọchụ na Arkansas, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ahụ kwaga California, ebe a mụrụ nwa ha nke abụọ, James Edwin (Eddie), n'afọ 1871.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri Texas, Reed sonyeere ọtụtụ ndị omekome. Ọ bụ ezie na Reed na mbụ nwara ọrụ ugbo, obi gbawara ya, ma jikọta onwe ya na ezinụlọ Starr, ezinụlọ Cherokee a ma ama maka izu ohi wiski, ehi, na ịnyịnya na Indian Territory (nke bụ ugbu a Oklahoma), yana ndị otu James na Younger. Na Eprel 1874, n'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe akaebe ọ bụla, e nyere akwụkwọ ikike ijide Belle maka ohi ụgbọala site n'aka di ya na ndị ọzọ. E gburu Reed n'ọnwa Ọgọst nke afọ ahụ na Paris, Texas, ebe ọ biri na ezinụlọ ya.

== Alụmdi na nwunye na afọ ndị sochirinụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr,_Fort_Smith,_Arkansas,_1886.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Belle Starr, Fort Smith, Arkansas, 1886; nwoke nọ n'elu ịnyịnya ahụ bụ Osote Marshal nke U.S. Benjamin Tyner Hughes, onye ya na onye nwe ya, Osote Marshal nke U.S. Charles Barnhill, jidere ya na Younger's Bend na Mee afọ 1886 wee kpọta ya na Ft. Smith maka ikpe. ]]
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_and_Blue_Duck.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Blue Duck na Belle Starr, May 24, 1886.]]
A na-ekwu na Belle lụrụ Charles Younger, nwanne nna Cole Younger, ruo izu atọ n'afọ 1878, mana ihe akaebe ọ bụla egosighi na nke a bụ eziokwu. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-ekwu na ada Belle bụ Pearl Reed bụ n'ezie Pearl Younger, mana n'akụkọ ndụ Cole Younger (nke e hotara na &quot;Belle Starr na oge ya&quot; nke Glen Shirley dere), o wepụrụ nke ahụ dị ka ihe efu ma kwuo ihe ọ maara n'ezie banyere Belle.

N'afọ 1880, ọ lụrụ nwoke Cherokee aha ya bụ Sam Starr ma soro ezinụlọ Starr biri na Indian Territory. Site n'alụmdi na nwunye ya na Sam Starr, ọ bụ nwanne nne Henry Starr. Ọ mụtara ụzọ isi hazie, hazie, na ịgba égbè maka ndị ohi, ndị ohi ịnyịnya, na ndị na-ere ahịa, yana ịhapụ ha site na iwu. Ụlọ ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke Belle gosipụtara na ọ bara uru nke ukwuu maka iji aka azụ mee ihe iji tọhapụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya n'aka iwu mgbe ọ bụla e jidere ha.

In 1882, Belle and Sam were charged with horse theft. The arrest warrant was served by Deputy U.S. Marshal Lemuel Marks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Belle Starr in the Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S., Criminal Case Files, 1866-1900|url=https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/6099198?mark=7b22746f6b656e223a222f44562f7636425277573036305353704564774a6c5533622b3177587952705a6146576b47644678354c6b3d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d|work=Ancestry.com|accessdate=5 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; The pair were tried before &quot;The Hanging Judge&quot; Isaac C. Parker in Fort Smith, Arkansas; the prosecutor was United States Attorney W. H. H. Clayton. She was found guilty and served nine months at the Detroit House of Corrections in Detroit, Michigan. Belle proved to be a model prisoner and, during her time in jail, she won the respect of the prison matron. In contrast, Sam was incorrigible and assigned to hard labor. In a contradictory account after her arrest by the Marshal, &quot;Belle proved to be a loud and unruly prisoner.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mullins|first=Jonita|title=Oklahoma Originals: Early Heroes, Heroines, Villains &amp; Vixens|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=9781467143523|location=Charleston, SC|pages=124–125|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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'''Myra Maybelle Shirley Reed Starr''' (February 5, 1848 - February 3, 1889), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Belle Starr, bụ onye America na-emebi iwu nke nwetara aha ọjọọ na mba ahụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rasmussen|first=Cecilia|date=2002-02-17|title=Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206230155/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archivedate=2019-12-06|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-akpakọrịta ya na James-Younger Gang na ndị omekome ndị ọzọ. A mara ya ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya n'afọ 1883. E gburu ya egbu n'afọ 1889 n'okwu nke a ka na-edozibeghị n'ihu ọha. Richard Kyle Fox mere ka akụkọ ya pụta ìhè, o mechara bụrụ onye a ma ama na telivishọn na ihe nkiri.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Belle Starr Myra Maybelle Shirley n'ugbo nna ya dị nso na Carthage, Missouri, na Febụwarị 5, 1848. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ezinụlọ ya kpọrọ ya May. Nna ya, John Shirley, nwere ọganihu n'ịzụ ọka wit, ọka, ezi na ịnyịnya, mana a na-ewere ya dị ka &quot;atụrụ ojii&quot; nke ezinụlọ Virginia bara ọgaranya kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Indiana, ebe ọ lụrụ di ma gbaa alụkwaghịm ugboro abụọ. [2]  &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation cites a broad range of pages. Page ranges should be limited to one or two pages when possible. (August 2025)&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Isi peeji sara mbara nke ukwuu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Nne ya, Elizabeth &quot;Eliza&quot; Hatfield Shirley, bụ nwunye nke atọ nke John Shirley na onye ikwu dị anya na Hatfields nke esemokwu ezinụlọ a ma ama . [ 3 ] N'afọ 1860, nna Belle rere ugbo ahụ wee kwaga ezinụlọ ya na Carthage, ebe ọ zụtara ụlọ anụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịkpụ ihe n'ámá obodo.

Myra Shirley gụrụ akwụkwọ na klasịk ma mụta piano, mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Carthage Female Academy nke Missouri, ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe nke nna ya nyeere aka ịchọta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agha Obodo na ihe ndị sochiri ya ==
N'oge Agha Obodo Amerịka, nwanne Myra nke tọrọ ya, John A. M. &quot;Bud&quot; Shirley, bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Jasper County, na-alụ ọgụ maka Confederacy. A maara Myra dị ka onye kwadoro nwanne ya nwoke n'ọrụ ndị a, ikekwe dị ka onye nledo, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ọtụtụ ihe gbasara nkọwa kpọmkwem.[5] Ndị agha gọọmentị etiti gburu Bud na ngwụcha June afọ 1864. [6] N'oge na-adịghị anya,&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;N'obi ya na-ajọ njọ maka ọnwụ Bud na azụmaahịa ya nke ohi na mbibi mebiri, [John Shirley] tụfuru ihe onwunwe ya, bufee ezinụlọ ya na ngwongwo ụlọ ya n'ime ụgbọala Conestoga abụọ, wee gawa Texas ... Ebe Shirley na-aga bụ Scyene, obere obodo nta dị kilomita iri na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Dallas. Myra [May], nwa nwanyị ji ọrụ n'aka, kwọọrọ otu n'ime ụgbọala ndị ahụ&quot;.[7]&lt;/blockquote&gt;Dị ka akwụkwọ Belle Starr nke Burton Rascoe (Random House, 1941), si kwuo, &quot;A na-ewere ndị Shirley dị ka 'ndị a na-ahụkarị,' n'ihi na ha enweghị ndị ohu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rascoe|first=Burton|title=Belle Starr|publisher=Random House|year=1941|edition=1st|location=New York City|pages=113|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Myra bụ &quot;onye na-agaghị aga&quot; ma onye nkuzi Mrs. Poole weere ya dị ka &quot;onye na'ụzọ dị egwu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ndị ezinụlọ Reed kwagara Texas ma, dị ka ndekọ alụmdi na nwunye nke Collin County si kwuo, James C. Reed na Mira [''sic''] M. Shirley lụrụ n'ebe ahụ na Nọvemba 1, 1866. [9] Afọ abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ya, Rosie Lee (aha ya bụ Pearl). &lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Meier|first=Allison|date=3 April 2013|title=Belle Starr the Bandit Queen: How a Southern Girl Became a Legendary Western Outlaw|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/belle-starr-the-bandit-queen|journal=[[Atlas Obscura]]|accessdate=16 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Belle nwere ụdị ejiji siri ike mgbe niile, nke mere ka akụkọ ifo ya pụta ìhè. Dịka ọ na-eyi ihe na-agbawa agbawa, ọ na-eyi ákwà mkpuchi ụkwụ ojii mgbe ọ na-eyi uwe ịnyịnya ojii na okpu e ji nku nke nnụnụ mee, na-ebu egbe abụọ, nwere eriri katrij n'úkwù ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Reed ghọrọ onye mpụ ma chọọ igbu ọchụ na Arkansas, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ahụ kwaga California, ebe a mụrụ nwa ha nke abụọ, James Edwin (Eddie), n'afọ 1871.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri Texas, Reed sonyeere ọtụtụ ndị omekome. Ọ bụ ezie na Reed na mbụ nwara ọrụ ugbo, obi gbawara ya, ma jikọta onwe ya na ezinụlọ Starr, ezinụlọ Cherokee a ma ama maka izu ohi wiski, ehi, na ịnyịnya na Indian Territory (nke bụ ugbu a Oklahoma), yana ndị otu James na Younger. Na Eprel 1874, n'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe akaebe ọ bụla, e nyere akwụkwọ ikike ijide Belle maka ohi ụgbọala site n'aka di ya na ndị ọzọ. E gburu Reed n'ọnwa Ọgọst nke afọ ahụ na Paris, Texas, ebe ọ biri na ezinụlọ ya.

== Alụmdi na nwunye na afọ ndị sochirinụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr,_Fort_Smith,_Arkansas,_1886.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Belle Starr, Fort Smith, Arkansas, 1886; nwoke nọ n'elu ịnyịnya ahụ bụ Osote Marshal nke U.S. Benjamin Tyner Hughes, onye ya na onye nwe ya, Osote Marshal nke U.S. Charles Barnhill, jidere ya na Younger's Bend na Mee afọ 1886 wee kpọta ya na Ft. Smith maka ikpe. ]]
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_and_Blue_Duck.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Blue Duck na Belle Starr, May 24, 1886.]]
A na-ekwu na Belle lụrụ Charles Younger, nwanne nna Cole Younger, ruo izu atọ n'afọ 1878, mana ihe akaebe ọ bụla egosighi na nke a bụ eziokwu. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-ekwu na ada Belle bụ Pearl Reed bụ n'ezie Pearl Younger, mana n'akụkọ ndụ Cole Younger (nke e hotara na &quot;Belle Starr na oge ya&quot; nke Glen Shirley dere), o wepụrụ nke ahụ dị ka ihe efu ma kwuo ihe ọ maara n'ezie banyere Belle.

N'afọ 1880, ọ lụrụ nwoke Cherokee aha ya bụ Sam Starr wee biri na ezinụlọ Starr na mpaghara India. Site na alụmdi na nwunye ya na Sam Starr, ọ bụ nwanne nne Henry Starr. Ọ mụtara ụzọ isi hazie, hazie, na ịgba ogige maka ndị ohi, ndị ohi ịnyịnya, na ndị na-ebu ụgbọala, yana ịchekwa ha n'aka iwu. Ụlọ ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke Belle gosipụtara uru zuru oke nke na ọ na-ewe ọrụ aka azụ iji tọhapụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya n'aka iwu mgbe ọ bụla ejidere ha.

N'afọ 1882, e boro Belle na Sam ebubo izu ohi ịnyịnya. Osote onye isi ala US bụ Lemuel Marks nyere ikike njide ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Belle Starr in the Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S., Criminal Case Files, 1866-1900|url=https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/6099198?mark=7b22746f6b656e223a222f44562f7636425277573036305353704564774a6c5533622b3177587952705a6146576b47644678354c6b3d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d|work=Ancestry.com|accessdate=5 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kpere ha abụọ ikpe n'ihu &quot;Onyeikpe Na-akwụnye Aka&quot; Isaac C. Parker na Fort Smith, Arkansas; onye ọkaiwu United States bụ Ọkaiwu W. H. H. Clayton. A mara ya ikpe ma jee ozi ọnwa itoolu na Detroit House of Corrections na Detroit, Michigan. Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ nlereanya, n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o nwetara nkwanye ùgwù nke onye nlekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'ụzọ dị iche, Sam enweghị ike ịgbanwe ma kenye ya ọrụ ike. N'akụkọ na-emegiderịta onwe ya mgbe Marshal nwụchiri ya, &quot;Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ na-eme mkpọtụ na onye na-anaghị achịkwa achịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mullins|first=Jonita|title=Oklahoma Originals: Early Heroes, Heroines, Villains &amp; Vixens|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=9781467143523|location=Charleston, SC|pages=124–125|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1886, ọ gbanahụrụ ikpe maka ebubo ohi ọzọ, mana, na Disemba 17, Sam Starr sooro nwa nwanne ya nwoke, onye ọrụ iwu Frank West lụọ ọgụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.odmp.org/officer/14019-police-officer-frank-west|title=Police Officer Frank West, United States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Indian Affairs - Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Government|publisher=Officer Down Memorial Page|accessdate=2013-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ndị ikom abụọ ahụ, ndụ Belle dị ka eze nwanyị na-emebi iwu - na ihe bụ mmekọrịta kachasị obi ụtọ na ndụ ya - kwụsịrị na mberede na ọnwụ di ya.
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'''Myra Maybelle Shirley Reed Starr''' (February 5, 1848 - February 3, 1889), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Belle Starr, bụ onye America na-emebi iwu nke nwetara aha ọjọọ na mba ahụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rasmussen|first=Cecilia|date=2002-02-17|title=Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206230155/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archivedate=2019-12-06|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-akpakọrịta ya na James-Younger Gang na ndị omekome ndị ọzọ. A mara ya ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya n'afọ 1883. E gburu ya egbu n'afọ 1889 n'okwu nke a ka na-edozibeghị n'ihu ọha. Richard Kyle Fox mere ka akụkọ ya pụta ìhè, o mechara bụrụ onye a ma ama na telivishọn na ihe nkiri.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Belle Starr Myra Maybelle Shirley n'ugbo nna ya dị nso na Carthage, Missouri, na Febụwarị 5, 1848. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ezinụlọ ya kpọrọ ya May. Nna ya, John Shirley, nwere ọganihu n'ịzụ ọka wit, ọka, ezi na ịnyịnya, mana a na-ewere ya dị ka &quot;atụrụ ojii&quot; nke ezinụlọ Virginia bara ọgaranya kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Indiana, ebe ọ lụrụ di ma gbaa alụkwaghịm ugboro abụọ. [2]  &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation cites a broad range of pages. Page ranges should be limited to one or two pages when possible. (August 2025)&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Isi peeji sara mbara nke ukwuu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Nne ya, Elizabeth &quot;Eliza&quot; Hatfield Shirley, bụ nwunye nke atọ nke John Shirley na onye ikwu dị anya na Hatfields nke esemokwu ezinụlọ a ma ama . [ 3 ] N'afọ 1860, nna Belle rere ugbo ahụ wee kwaga ezinụlọ ya na Carthage, ebe ọ zụtara ụlọ anụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịkpụ ihe n'ámá obodo.

Myra Shirley gụrụ akwụkwọ na klasịk ma mụta piano, mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Carthage Female Academy nke Missouri, ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe nke nna ya nyeere aka ịchọta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agha Obodo na ihe ndị sochiri ya ==
N'oge Agha Obodo Amerịka, nwanne Myra nke tọrọ ya, John A. M. &quot;Bud&quot; Shirley, bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Jasper County, na-alụ ọgụ maka Confederacy. A maara Myra dị ka onye kwadoro nwanne ya nwoke n'ọrụ ndị a, ikekwe dị ka onye nledo, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ọtụtụ ihe gbasara nkọwa kpọmkwem.[5] Ndị agha gọọmentị etiti gburu Bud na ngwụcha June afọ 1864. [6] N'oge na-adịghị anya,&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;N'obi ya na-ajọ njọ maka ọnwụ Bud na azụmaahịa ya nke ohi na mbibi mebiri, [John Shirley] tụfuru ihe onwunwe ya, bufee ezinụlọ ya na ngwongwo ụlọ ya n'ime ụgbọala Conestoga abụọ, wee gawa Texas ... Ebe Shirley na-aga bụ Scyene, obere obodo nta dị kilomita iri na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Dallas. Myra [May], nwa nwanyị ji ọrụ n'aka, kwọọrọ otu n'ime ụgbọala ndị ahụ&quot;.[7]&lt;/blockquote&gt;Dị ka akwụkwọ Belle Starr nke Burton Rascoe (Random House, 1941), si kwuo, &quot;A na-ewere ndị Shirley dị ka 'ndị a na-ahụkarị,' n'ihi na ha enweghị ndị ohu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rascoe|first=Burton|title=Belle Starr|publisher=Random House|year=1941|edition=1st|location=New York City|pages=113|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Myra bụ &quot;onye na-agaghị aga&quot; ma onye nkuzi Mrs. Poole weere ya dị ka &quot;onye na'ụzọ dị egwu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ndị ezinụlọ Reed kwagara Texas ma, dị ka ndekọ alụmdi na nwunye nke Collin County si kwuo, James C. Reed na Mira [''sic''] M. Shirley lụrụ n'ebe ahụ na Nọvemba 1, 1866. [9] Afọ abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ya, Rosie Lee (aha ya bụ Pearl). &lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Meier|first=Allison|date=3 April 2013|title=Belle Starr the Bandit Queen: How a Southern Girl Became a Legendary Western Outlaw|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/belle-starr-the-bandit-queen|journal=[[Atlas Obscura]]|accessdate=16 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Belle nwere ụdị ejiji siri ike mgbe niile, nke mere ka akụkọ ifo ya pụta ìhè. Dịka ọ na-eyi ihe na-agbawa agbawa, ọ na-eyi ákwà mkpuchi ụkwụ ojii mgbe ọ na-eyi uwe ịnyịnya ojii na okpu e ji nku nke nnụnụ mee, na-ebu egbe abụọ, nwere eriri katrij n'úkwù ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Reed ghọrọ onye mpụ ma chọọ igbu ọchụ na Arkansas, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ahụ kwaga California, ebe a mụrụ nwa ha nke abụọ, James Edwin (Eddie), n'afọ 1871.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri Texas, Reed sonyeere ọtụtụ ndị omekome. Ọ bụ ezie na Reed na mbụ nwara ọrụ ugbo, obi gbawara ya, ma jikọta onwe ya na ezinụlọ Starr, ezinụlọ Cherokee a ma ama maka izu ohi wiski, ehi, na ịnyịnya na Indian Territory (nke bụ ugbu a Oklahoma), yana ndị otu James na Younger. Na Eprel 1874, n'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe akaebe ọ bụla, e nyere akwụkwọ ikike ijide Belle maka ohi ụgbọala site n'aka di ya na ndị ọzọ. E gburu Reed n'ọnwa Ọgọst nke afọ ahụ na Paris, Texas, ebe ọ biri na ezinụlọ ya.

== Alụmdi na nwunye na afọ ndị sochirinụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr,_Fort_Smith,_Arkansas,_1886.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Belle Starr, Fort Smith, Arkansas, 1886; nwoke nọ n'elu ịnyịnya ahụ bụ Osote Marshal nke U.S. Benjamin Tyner Hughes, onye ya na onye nwe ya, Osote Marshal nke U.S. Charles Barnhill, jidere ya na Younger's Bend na Mee afọ 1886 wee kpọta ya na Ft. Smith maka ikpe. ]]
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_and_Blue_Duck.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Blue Duck na Belle Starr, May 24, 1886.]]
A na-ekwu na Belle lụrụ Charles Younger, nwanne nna Cole Younger, ruo izu atọ n'afọ 1878, mana ihe akaebe ọ bụla egosighi na nke a bụ eziokwu. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-ekwu na ada Belle bụ Pearl Reed bụ n'ezie Pearl Younger, mana n'akụkọ ndụ Cole Younger (nke e hotara na &quot;Belle Starr na oge ya&quot; nke Glen Shirley dere), o wepụrụ nke ahụ dị ka ihe efu ma kwuo ihe ọ maara n'ezie banyere Belle.

N'afọ 1880, ọ lụrụ nwoke Cherokee aha ya bụ Sam Starr wee biri na ezinụlọ Starr na mpaghara India. Site na alụmdi na nwunye ya na Sam Starr, ọ bụ nwanne nne Henry Starr. Ọ mụtara ụzọ isi hazie, hazie, na ịgba ogige maka ndị ohi, ndị ohi ịnyịnya, na ndị na-ebu ụgbọala, yana ịchekwa ha n'aka iwu. Ụlọ ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke Belle gosipụtara uru zuru oke nke na ọ na-ewe ọrụ aka azụ iji tọhapụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya n'aka iwu mgbe ọ bụla ejidere ha.

N'afọ 1882, e boro Belle na Sam ebubo izu ohi ịnyịnya. Osote onye isi ala US bụ Lemuel Marks nyere ikike njide ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Belle Starr in the Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S., Criminal Case Files, 1866-1900|url=https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/6099198?mark=7b22746f6b656e223a222f44562f7636425277573036305353704564774a6c5533622b3177587952705a6146576b47644678354c6b3d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d|work=Ancestry.com|accessdate=5 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kpere ha abụọ ikpe n'ihu &quot;Onyeikpe Na-akwụnye Aka&quot; Isaac C. Parker na Fort Smith, Arkansas; onye ọkaiwu United States bụ Ọkaiwu W. H. H. Clayton. A mara ya ikpe ma jee ozi ọnwa itoolu na Detroit House of Corrections na Detroit, Michigan. Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ nlereanya, n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o nwetara nkwanye ùgwù nke onye nlekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'ụzọ dị iche, Sam enweghị ike ịgbanwe ma kenye ya ọrụ ike. N'akụkọ na-emegiderịta onwe ya mgbe Marshal nwụchiri ya, &quot;Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ na-eme mkpọtụ na onye na-anaghị achịkwa achịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mullins|first=Jonita|title=Oklahoma Originals: Early Heroes, Heroines, Villains &amp; Vixens|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=9781467143523|location=Charleston, SC|pages=124–125|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1886, ọ gbanahụrụ ikpe maka ebubo ohi ọzọ, mana, na Disemba 17, Sam Starr sooro nwa nwanne ya nwoke, onye ọrụ iwu Frank West lụọ ọgụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.odmp.org/officer/14019-police-officer-frank-west|title=Police Officer Frank West, United States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Indian Affairs - Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Government|publisher=Officer Down Memorial Page|accessdate=2013-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ndị ikom abụọ ahụ, ndụ Belle dị ka eze nwanyị na-emebi iwu - na ihe bụ mmekọrịta kachasị obi ụtọ na ndụ ya - kwụsịrị na mberede na ọnwụ di ya.

N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga nke ndụ ya, asịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke nwere aha mara mma, gụnyere Jack Spaniard, Jim French na Blue Duck, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ lụrụ onye ikwu Sam Starr, Jim July, onye mechara bụrụ Jim July Starr, onye tọrọ ya ihe dị ka afọ iri na ise.
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
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'''Myra Maybelle Shirley Reed Starr''' (February 5, 1848 - February 3, 1889), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Belle Starr, bụ onye America na-emebi iwu nke nwetara aha ọjọọ na mba ahụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rasmussen|first=Cecilia|date=2002-02-17|title=Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206230155/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archivedate=2019-12-06|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-akpakọrịta ya na James-Younger Gang na ndị omekome ndị ọzọ. A mara ya ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya n'afọ 1883. E gburu ya egbu n'afọ 1889 n'okwu nke a ka na-edozibeghị n'ihu ọha. Richard Kyle Fox mere ka akụkọ ya pụta ìhè, o mechara bụrụ onye a ma ama na telivishọn na ihe nkiri.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Belle Starr Myra Maybelle Shirley n'ugbo nna ya dị nso na Carthage, Missouri, na Febụwarị 5, 1848. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ezinụlọ ya kpọrọ ya May. Nna ya, John Shirley, nwere ọganihu n'ịzụ ọka wit, ọka, ezi na ịnyịnya, mana a na-ewere ya dị ka &quot;atụrụ ojii&quot; nke ezinụlọ Virginia bara ọgaranya kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Indiana, ebe ọ lụrụ di ma gbaa alụkwaghịm ugboro abụọ. [2]  &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation cites a broad range of pages. Page ranges should be limited to one or two pages when possible. (August 2025)&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Isi peeji sara mbara nke ukwuu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Nne ya, Elizabeth &quot;Eliza&quot; Hatfield Shirley, bụ nwunye nke atọ nke John Shirley na onye ikwu dị anya na Hatfields nke esemokwu ezinụlọ a ma ama . [ 3 ] N'afọ 1860, nna Belle rere ugbo ahụ wee kwaga ezinụlọ ya na Carthage, ebe ọ zụtara ụlọ anụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịkpụ ihe n'ámá obodo.

Myra Shirley gụrụ akwụkwọ na klasịk ma mụta piano, mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Carthage Female Academy nke Missouri, ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe nke nna ya nyeere aka ịchọta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agha Obodo na ihe ndị sochiri ya ==
N'oge Agha Obodo Amerịka, nwanne Myra nke tọrọ ya, John A. M. &quot;Bud&quot; Shirley, bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Jasper County, na-alụ ọgụ maka Confederacy. A maara Myra dị ka onye kwadoro nwanne ya nwoke n'ọrụ ndị a, ikekwe dị ka onye nledo, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ọtụtụ ihe gbasara nkọwa kpọmkwem.[5] Ndị agha gọọmentị etiti gburu Bud na ngwụcha June afọ 1864. [6] N'oge na-adịghị anya,&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;N'obi ya na-ajọ njọ maka ọnwụ Bud na azụmaahịa ya nke ohi na mbibi mebiri, [John Shirley] tụfuru ihe onwunwe ya, bufee ezinụlọ ya na ngwongwo ụlọ ya n'ime ụgbọala Conestoga abụọ, wee gawa Texas ... Ebe Shirley na-aga bụ Scyene, obere obodo nta dị kilomita iri na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Dallas. Myra [May], nwa nwanyị ji ọrụ n'aka, kwọọrọ otu n'ime ụgbọala ndị ahụ&quot;.[7]&lt;/blockquote&gt;Dị ka akwụkwọ Belle Starr nke Burton Rascoe (Random House, 1941), si kwuo, &quot;A na-ewere ndị Shirley dị ka 'ndị a na-ahụkarị,' n'ihi na ha enweghị ndị ohu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rascoe|first=Burton|title=Belle Starr|publisher=Random House|year=1941|edition=1st|location=New York City|pages=113|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Myra bụ &quot;onye na-agaghị aga&quot; ma onye nkuzi Mrs. Poole weere ya dị ka &quot;onye na'ụzọ dị egwu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ndị ezinụlọ Reed kwagara Texas ma, dị ka ndekọ alụmdi na nwunye nke Collin County si kwuo, James C. Reed na Mira [''sic''] M. Shirley lụrụ n'ebe ahụ na Nọvemba 1, 1866. [9] Afọ abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ya, Rosie Lee (aha ya bụ Pearl). &lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Meier|first=Allison|date=3 April 2013|title=Belle Starr the Bandit Queen: How a Southern Girl Became a Legendary Western Outlaw|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/belle-starr-the-bandit-queen|journal=[[Atlas Obscura]]|accessdate=16 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Belle nwere ụdị ejiji siri ike mgbe niile, nke mere ka akụkọ ifo ya pụta ìhè. Dịka ọ na-eyi ihe na-agbawa agbawa, ọ na-eyi ákwà mkpuchi ụkwụ ojii mgbe ọ na-eyi uwe ịnyịnya ojii na okpu e ji nku nke nnụnụ mee, na-ebu egbe abụọ, nwere eriri katrij n'úkwù ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Reed ghọrọ onye mpụ ma chọọ igbu ọchụ na Arkansas, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ahụ kwaga California, ebe a mụrụ nwa ha nke abụọ, James Edwin (Eddie), n'afọ 1871.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri Texas, Reed sonyeere ọtụtụ ndị omekome. Ọ bụ ezie na Reed na mbụ nwara ọrụ ugbo, obi gbawara ya, ma jikọta onwe ya na ezinụlọ Starr, ezinụlọ Cherokee a ma ama maka izu ohi wiski, ehi, na ịnyịnya na Indian Territory (nke bụ ugbu a Oklahoma), yana ndị otu James na Younger. Na Eprel 1874, n'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe akaebe ọ bụla, e nyere akwụkwọ ikike ijide Belle maka ohi ụgbọala site n'aka di ya na ndị ọzọ. E gburu Reed n'ọnwa Ọgọst nke afọ ahụ na Paris, Texas, ebe ọ biri na ezinụlọ ya.

== Alụmdi na nwunye na afọ ndị sochirinụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr,_Fort_Smith,_Arkansas,_1886.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Belle Starr, Fort Smith, Arkansas, 1886; nwoke nọ n'elu ịnyịnya ahụ bụ Osote Marshal nke U.S. Benjamin Tyner Hughes, onye ya na onye nwe ya, Osote Marshal nke U.S. Charles Barnhill, jidere ya na Younger's Bend na Mee afọ 1886 wee kpọta ya na Ft. Smith maka ikpe. ]]
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_and_Blue_Duck.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Blue Duck na Belle Starr, May 24, 1886.]]
A na-ekwu na Belle lụrụ Charles Younger, nwanne nna Cole Younger, ruo izu atọ n'afọ 1878, mana ihe akaebe ọ bụla egosighi na nke a bụ eziokwu. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-ekwu na ada Belle bụ Pearl Reed bụ n'ezie Pearl Younger, mana n'akụkọ ndụ Cole Younger (nke e hotara na &quot;Belle Starr na oge ya&quot; nke Glen Shirley dere), o wepụrụ nke ahụ dị ka ihe efu ma kwuo ihe ọ maara n'ezie banyere Belle.

N'afọ 1880, ọ lụrụ nwoke Cherokee aha ya bụ Sam Starr wee biri na ezinụlọ Starr na mpaghara India. Site na alụmdi na nwunye ya na Sam Starr, ọ bụ nwanne nne Henry Starr. Ọ mụtara ụzọ isi hazie, hazie, na ịgba ogige maka ndị ohi, ndị ohi ịnyịnya, na ndị na-ebu ụgbọala, yana ịchekwa ha n'aka iwu. Ụlọ ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke Belle gosipụtara uru zuru oke nke na ọ na-ewe ọrụ aka azụ iji tọhapụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya n'aka iwu mgbe ọ bụla ejidere ha.

N'afọ 1882, e boro Belle na Sam ebubo izu ohi ịnyịnya. Osote onye isi ala US bụ Lemuel Marks nyere ikike njide ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Belle Starr in the Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S., Criminal Case Files, 1866-1900|url=https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/6099198?mark=7b22746f6b656e223a222f44562f7636425277573036305353704564774a6c5533622b3177587952705a6146576b47644678354c6b3d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d|work=Ancestry.com|accessdate=5 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kpere ha abụọ ikpe n'ihu &quot;Onyeikpe Na-akwụnye Aka&quot; Isaac C. Parker na Fort Smith, Arkansas; onye ọkaiwu United States bụ Ọkaiwu W. H. H. Clayton. A mara ya ikpe ma jee ozi ọnwa itoolu na Detroit House of Corrections na Detroit, Michigan. Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ nlereanya, n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o nwetara nkwanye ùgwù nke onye nlekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'ụzọ dị iche, Sam enweghị ike ịgbanwe ma kenye ya ọrụ ike. N'akụkọ na-emegiderịta onwe ya mgbe Marshal nwụchiri ya, &quot;Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ na-eme mkpọtụ na onye na-anaghị achịkwa achịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mullins|first=Jonita|title=Oklahoma Originals: Early Heroes, Heroines, Villains &amp; Vixens|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=9781467143523|location=Charleston, SC|pages=124–125|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1886, ọ gbanahụrụ ikpe maka ebubo ohi ọzọ, mana, na Disemba 17, Sam Starr sooro nwa nwanne ya nwoke, onye ọrụ iwu Frank West lụọ ọgụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.odmp.org/officer/14019-police-officer-frank-west|title=Police Officer Frank West, United States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Indian Affairs - Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Government|publisher=Officer Down Memorial Page|accessdate=2013-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ndị ikom abụọ ahụ, ndụ Belle dị ka eze nwanyị na-emebi iwu - na ihe bụ mmekọrịta kachasị obi ụtọ na ndụ ya - kwụsịrị na mberede na ọnwụ di ya.

N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga nke ndụ ya, asịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke nwere aha mara mma, gụnyere Jack Spaniard, Jim French na Blue Duck, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ lụrụ onye ikwu Sam Starr, Jim July, onye mechara bụrụ Jim July Starr, onye tọrọ ya ihe dị ka afọ iri na ise.

=== Ụmụaka ===
A mara Eddie Reed, nwa Belle, ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya na ịnata ihe onwunwe zuru ohi na Julaị 1889. Onyeikpe Parker zigara ya mkpọrọ na Columbus, Ohio. Ada Belle, Rosie Reed, nke a makwaara dị ka Pearl Starr, ghọrọ akwụna iji nweta ego maka ntọhapụ Eddie, wee nweta mgbaghara onyeisiala maka ya na 1893. Eddie ghọrọ osote onye isi ala na Fort Smith &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 17, 1896|title=Indian chieftain. (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, December 17, 1896, Image 2|work=Indian chieftain|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025010/1896-12-17/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=0}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma gbuo ụmụnne abụọ aha ha bụ Crittenden n'afọ 1895 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=Kansas City daily journal. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, December 16, 1896, Page 2, Image 2|work=Kansas City daily journal|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063624/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=14&amp;x=15&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ya n'onwe ya n'otu saloon dị na Claremore, Oklahoma na Disemba 14, afọ 1896. &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The San Francisco call. (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, December 16, 1896, Page 3, Image 3|work=The San Francisco call|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-3/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pearl na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ bordellos na Van Buren na Fort Smith, Arkansas, site na 1890s ruo Agha Ụwa Mbụ.

== Ogbugbu a na-edozighị edozi ==
E gburu Belle na Febụwarị 3, afọ 1889. Ọ nọ n'ụgbọala si n'ụlọ onye agbata obi ya laa mgbe e ji ụgbọ ịnyịnya ya daa, a gbagburu ya ọzọ iji jide n'aka na ọ nwụọla. Ọnwụ ya sitere na mmerụ ahụ egbe gbawara n'azụ na olu na n'ubu na ihu. Akụkọ ifo na-ekwu na e ji egbe nke ya nke nwere barel abụọ gbaa ya egbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dịka Frank &quot;Pistol Pete&quot; Eaton si kwuo, ọnwụ Belle bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Ọ nọ na-aga egwu. Frank Eaton bụ onye ikpeazụ ya na ya na-agba egwu, mgbe otu n'ime ndị na-ere ahịa ya, Edgar J. Watson, nke o doro anya na mmanya na-egbu ya, rịọrọ ka e nye ya egwu. Belle jụrụ, o mechara soro ya pụọ ​​n'egwu ahụ. Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị inye ịnyịnya ya ihe ọṅụṅụ n'otu iyi mmiri mgbe ọ na-alọta, ọ gbara ya egbe ma gbuo ya. Dịka Eaton si kwuo, a kpere Watson ikpe, maa ya ikpe, ma gbuo ya site n'ịkwụgbu ya maka igbu ọchụ ahụ.
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
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'''Myra Maybelle Shirley Reed Starr''' (February 5, 1848 - February 3, 1889), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Belle Starr, bụ onye America na-emebi iwu nke nwetara aha ọjọọ na mba ahụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rasmussen|first=Cecilia|date=2002-02-17|title=Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206230155/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archivedate=2019-12-06|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-akpakọrịta ya na James-Younger Gang na ndị omekome ndị ọzọ. A mara ya ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya n'afọ 1883. E gburu ya egbu n'afọ 1889 n'okwu nke a ka na-edozibeghị n'ihu ọha. Richard Kyle Fox mere ka akụkọ ya pụta ìhè, o mechara bụrụ onye a ma ama na telivishọn na ihe nkiri.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Belle Starr Myra Maybelle Shirley n'ugbo nna ya dị nso na Carthage, Missouri, na Febụwarị 5, 1848. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ezinụlọ ya kpọrọ ya May. Nna ya, John Shirley, nwere ọganihu n'ịzụ ọka wit, ọka, ezi na ịnyịnya, mana a na-ewere ya dị ka &quot;atụrụ ojii&quot; nke ezinụlọ Virginia bara ọgaranya kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Indiana, ebe ọ lụrụ di ma gbaa alụkwaghịm ugboro abụọ.&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation cites a broad range of pages. Page ranges should be limited to one or two pages when possible. (August 2025)&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Isi peeji sara mbara nke ukwuu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Nne ya, Elizabeth &quot;Eliza&quot; Hatfield Shirley, bụ nwunye nke atọ nke John Shirley na onye ikwu dị anya na Hatfields nke esemokwu ezinụlọ a ma ama .  N'afọ 1860, nna Belle rere ugbo ahụ wee kwaga ezinụlọ ya na Carthage, ebe ọ zụtara ụlọ anụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịkpụ ihe n'ámá obodo.

Myra Shirley gụrụ akwụkwọ na klasịk ma mụta piano, mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Carthage Female Academy nke Missouri, ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe nke nna ya nyeere aka ịchọta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agha Obodo na ihe ndị sochiri ya ==
N'oge Agha Obodo Amerịka, nwanne Myra nke tọrọ ya, John A. M. &quot;Bud&quot; Shirley, bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Jasper County, na-alụ ọgụ maka Confederacy. A maara Myra dị ka onye kwadoro nwanne ya nwoke n'ọrụ ndị a, ikekwe dị ka onye nledo, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ọtụtụ ihe gbasara nkọwa kpọmkwem. Ndị agha gọọmentị etiti gburu Bud na ngwụcha June afọ 1864. N'oge na-adịghị anya,&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;N'obi ya na-ajọ njọ maka ọnwụ Bud na azụmaahịa ya nke ohi na mbibi mebiri, [John Shirley] tụfuru ihe onwunwe ya, bufee ezinụlọ ya na ngwongwo ụlọ ya n'ime ụgbọala Conestoga abụọ, wee gawa Texas ... Ebe Shirley na-aga bụ Scyene, obere obodo nta dị kilomita iri na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Dallas. Myra [May], nwa nwanyị ji ọrụ n'aka, kwọọrọ otu n'ime ụgbọala ndị ahụ&quot;.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Dị ka akwụkwọ Belle Starr nke Burton Rascoe (Random House, 1941), si kwuo, &quot;A na-ewere ndị Shirley dị ka 'ndị a na-ahụkarị,' n'ihi na ha enweghị ndị ohu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rascoe|first=Burton|title=Belle Starr|publisher=Random House|year=1941|edition=1st|location=New York City|pages=113|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Myra bụ &quot;onye na-agaghị aga&quot; ma onye nkuzi Mrs. Poole weere ya dị ka &quot;onye na'ụzọ dị egwu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ndị ezinụlọ Reed kwagara Texas ma, dị ka ndekọ alụmdi na nwunye nke Collin County si kwuo, James C. Reed na Mira [''sic''] M. Shirley lụrụ n'ebe ahụ na Nọvemba 1, 1866. [9] Afọ abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ya, Rosie Lee (aha ya bụ Pearl). &lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Meier|first=Allison|date=3 April 2013|title=Belle Starr the Bandit Queen: How a Southern Girl Became a Legendary Western Outlaw|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/belle-starr-the-bandit-queen|journal=[[Atlas Obscura]]|accessdate=16 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Belle nwere ụdị ejiji siri ike mgbe niile, nke mere ka akụkọ ifo ya pụta ìhè. Dịka ọ na-eyi ihe na-agbawa agbawa, ọ na-eyi ákwà mkpuchi ụkwụ ojii mgbe ọ na-eyi uwe ịnyịnya ojii na okpu e ji nku nke nnụnụ mee, na-ebu egbe abụọ, nwere eriri katrij n'úkwù ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Reed ghọrọ onye mpụ ma chọọ igbu ọchụ na Arkansas, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ahụ kwaga California, ebe a mụrụ nwa ha nke abụọ, James Edwin (Eddie), n'afọ 1871.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri Texas, Reed sonyeere ọtụtụ ndị omekome. Ọ bụ ezie na Reed na mbụ nwara ọrụ ugbo, obi gbawara ya, ma jikọta onwe ya na ezinụlọ Starr, ezinụlọ Cherokee a ma ama maka izu ohi wiski, ehi, na ịnyịnya na Indian Territory (nke bụ ugbu a Oklahoma), yana ndị otu James na Younger. Na Eprel 1874, n'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe akaebe ọ bụla, e nyere akwụkwọ ikike ijide Belle maka ohi ụgbọala site n'aka di ya na ndị ọzọ. E gburu Reed n'ọnwa Ọgọst nke afọ ahụ na Paris, Texas, ebe ọ biri na ezinụlọ ya.

== Alụmdi na nwunye na afọ ndị sochirinụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr,_Fort_Smith,_Arkansas,_1886.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Belle Starr, Fort Smith, Arkansas, 1886; nwoke nọ n'elu ịnyịnya ahụ bụ Osote Marshal nke U.S. Benjamin Tyner Hughes, onye ya na onye nwe ya, Osote Marshal nke U.S. Charles Barnhill, jidere ya na Younger's Bend na Mee afọ 1886 wee kpọta ya na Ft. Smith maka ikpe. ]]
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_and_Blue_Duck.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Blue Duck na Belle Starr, May 24, 1886.]]
A na-ekwu na Belle lụrụ Charles Younger, nwanne nna Cole Younger, ruo izu atọ n'afọ 1878, mana ihe akaebe ọ bụla egosighi na nke a bụ eziokwu. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-ekwu na ada Belle bụ Pearl Reed bụ n'ezie Pearl Younger, mana n'akụkọ ndụ Cole Younger (nke e hotara na &quot;Belle Starr na oge ya&quot; nke Glen Shirley dere), o wepụrụ nke ahụ dị ka ihe efu ma kwuo ihe ọ maara n'ezie banyere Belle.

N'afọ 1880, ọ lụrụ nwoke Cherokee aha ya bụ Sam Starr wee biri na ezinụlọ Starr na mpaghara India. Site na alụmdi na nwunye ya na Sam Starr, ọ bụ nwanne nne Henry Starr. Ọ mụtara ụzọ isi hazie, hazie, na ịgba ogige maka ndị ohi, ndị ohi ịnyịnya, na ndị na-ebu ụgbọala, yana ịchekwa ha n'aka iwu. Ụlọ ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke Belle gosipụtara uru zuru oke nke na ọ na-ewe ọrụ aka azụ iji tọhapụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya n'aka iwu mgbe ọ bụla ejidere ha.

N'afọ 1882, e boro Belle na Sam ebubo izu ohi ịnyịnya. Osote onye isi ala US bụ Lemuel Marks nyere ikike njide ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Belle Starr in the Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S., Criminal Case Files, 1866-1900|url=https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/6099198?mark=7b22746f6b656e223a222f44562f7636425277573036305353704564774a6c5533622b3177587952705a6146576b47644678354c6b3d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d|work=Ancestry.com|accessdate=5 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kpere ha abụọ ikpe n'ihu &quot;Onyeikpe Na-akwụnye Aka&quot; Isaac C. Parker na Fort Smith, Arkansas; onye ọkaiwu United States bụ Ọkaiwu W. H. H. Clayton. A mara ya ikpe ma jee ozi ọnwa itoolu na Detroit House of Corrections na Detroit, Michigan. Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ nlereanya, n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o nwetara nkwanye ùgwù nke onye nlekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'ụzọ dị iche, Sam enweghị ike ịgbanwe ma kenye ya ọrụ ike. N'akụkọ na-emegiderịta onwe ya mgbe Marshal nwụchiri ya, &quot;Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ na-eme mkpọtụ na onye na-anaghị achịkwa achịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mullins|first=Jonita|title=Oklahoma Originals: Early Heroes, Heroines, Villains &amp; Vixens|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=9781467143523|location=Charleston, SC|pages=124–125|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1886, ọ gbanahụrụ ikpe maka ebubo ohi ọzọ, mana, na Disemba 17, Sam Starr sooro nwa nwanne ya nwoke, onye ọrụ iwu Frank West lụọ ọgụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.odmp.org/officer/14019-police-officer-frank-west|title=Police Officer Frank West, United States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Indian Affairs - Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Government|publisher=Officer Down Memorial Page|accessdate=2013-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ndị ikom abụọ ahụ, ndụ Belle dị ka eze nwanyị na-emebi iwu - na ihe bụ mmekọrịta kachasị obi ụtọ na ndụ ya - kwụsịrị na mberede na ọnwụ di ya.

N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga nke ndụ ya, asịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke nwere aha mara mma, gụnyere Jack Spaniard, Jim French na Blue Duck, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ lụrụ onye ikwu Sam Starr, Jim July, onye mechara bụrụ Jim July Starr, onye tọrọ ya ihe dị ka afọ iri na ise.

=== Ụmụaka ===
A mara Eddie Reed, nwa Belle, ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya na ịnata ihe onwunwe zuru ohi na Julaị 1889. Onyeikpe Parker zigara ya mkpọrọ na Columbus, Ohio. Ada Belle, Rosie Reed, nke a makwaara dị ka Pearl Starr, ghọrọ akwụna iji nweta ego maka ntọhapụ Eddie, wee nweta mgbaghara onyeisiala maka ya na 1893. Eddie ghọrọ osote onye isi ala na Fort Smith &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 17, 1896|title=Indian chieftain. (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, December 17, 1896, Image 2|work=Indian chieftain|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025010/1896-12-17/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=0}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma gbuo ụmụnne abụọ aha ha bụ Crittenden n'afọ 1895 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=Kansas City daily journal. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, December 16, 1896, Page 2, Image 2|work=Kansas City daily journal|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063624/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=14&amp;x=15&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ya n'onwe ya n'otu saloon dị na Claremore, Oklahoma na Disemba 14, afọ 1896. &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The San Francisco call. (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, December 16, 1896, Page 3, Image 3|work=The San Francisco call|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-3/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pearl na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ bordellos na Van Buren na Fort Smith, Arkansas, site na 1890s ruo Agha Ụwa Mbụ.

== Ogbugbu a na-edozighị edozi ==
E gburu Belle na Febụwarị 3, afọ 1889. Ọ nọ n'ụgbọala si n'ụlọ onye agbata obi ya laa mgbe e ji ụgbọ ịnyịnya ya daa, a gbagburu ya ọzọ iji jide n'aka na ọ nwụọla. Ọnwụ ya sitere na mmerụ ahụ egbe gbawara n'azụ na olu na n'ubu na ihu. Akụkọ ifo na-ekwu na e ji egbe nke ya nke nwere barel abụọ gbaa ya egbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dịka Frank &quot;Pistol Pete&quot; Eaton si kwuo, ọnwụ Belle bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Ọ nọ na-aga egwu. Frank Eaton bụ onye ikpeazụ ya na ya na-agba egwu, mgbe otu n'ime ndị na-ere ahịa ya, Edgar J. Watson, nke o doro anya na mmanya na-egbu ya, rịọrọ ka e nye ya egwu. Belle jụrụ, o mechara soro ya pụọ ​​n'egwu ahụ. Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị inye ịnyịnya ya ihe ọṅụṅụ n'otu iyi mmiri mgbe ọ na-alọta, ọ gbara ya egbe ma gbuo ya. Dịka Eaton si kwuo, a kpere Watson ikpe, maa ya ikpe, ma gbuo ya site n'ịkwụgbu ya maka igbu ọchụ ahụ.

Agbanyeghị, akụkọ ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ dịghị onye akaebe ọ bụla ma na ọ dịghị onye a mara ikpe maka ogbugbu ahụ. Ndị a na-enyo enyo nwere ebumnuche doro anya gụnyere di ọhụrụ ya, ụmụ ya abụọ, na Edgar Watson, n'ihi na ọ na-atụ egwu na ọ ga-enyefe ya n'aka ndị ọchịchị dị ka onye ogbu mmadụ gbapụrụ agbapụ si Florida na ọnụ ahịa ya n'isi. A kpụpụrụ Watson, onye e gburu na 1910, maka igbu ọchụ ya, mana a tọhapụla ya, mwakpo ahụ abanyela n'akụkọ ọdịda anyanwụ dị ka &quot;Enweghị ngwọta&quot;.

Otu akwụkwọ na-atụ aro na nwa ya nwoke, onye a na-ekwu na ọ kụrụ maka imegbu ịnyịnya ya ọ hụrụ n'anya, nwere ike ịbụ onye gburu ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.frontiertimes.com/outlaws/belle_starr.html|title=FrontierTimes - Outlaws - Belle Starr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
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'''Myra Maybelle Shirley Reed Starr''' (February 5, 1848 - February 3, 1889), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Belle Starr, bụ onye America na-emebi iwu nke nwetara aha ọjọọ na mba ahụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rasmussen|first=Cecilia|date=2002-02-17|title=Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206230155/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archivedate=2019-12-06|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-akpakọrịta ya na James-Younger Gang na ndị omekome ndị ọzọ. A mara ya ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya n'afọ 1883. E gburu ya egbu n'afọ 1889 n'okwu nke a ka na-edozibeghị n'ihu ọha. Richard Kyle Fox mere ka akụkọ ya pụta ìhè, o mechara bụrụ onye a ma ama na telivishọn na ihe nkiri.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Belle Starr Myra Maybelle Shirley n'ugbo nna ya dị nso na Carthage, Missouri, na Febụwarị 5, 1848. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ezinụlọ ya kpọrọ ya May. Nna ya, John Shirley, nwere ọganihu n'ịzụ ọka wit, ọka, ezi na ịnyịnya, mana a na-ewere ya dị ka &quot;atụrụ ojii&quot; nke ezinụlọ Virginia bara ọgaranya kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Indiana, ebe ọ lụrụ di ma gbaa alụkwaghịm ugboro abụọ.&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation cites a broad range of pages. Page ranges should be limited to one or two pages when possible. (August 2025)&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Isi peeji sara mbara nke ukwuu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Nne ya, Elizabeth &quot;Eliza&quot; Hatfield Shirley, bụ nwunye nke atọ nke John Shirley na onye ikwu dị anya na Hatfields nke esemokwu ezinụlọ a ma ama .  N'afọ 1860, nna Belle rere ugbo ahụ wee kwaga ezinụlọ ya na Carthage, ebe ọ zụtara ụlọ anụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịkpụ ihe n'ámá obodo.

Myra Shirley gụrụ akwụkwọ na klasịk ma mụta piano, mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Carthage Female Academy nke Missouri, ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe nke nna ya nyeere aka ịchọta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agha Obodo na ihe ndị sochiri ya ==
N'oge Agha Obodo Amerịka, nwanne Myra nke tọrọ ya, John A. M. &quot;Bud&quot; Shirley, bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Jasper County, na-alụ ọgụ maka Confederacy. A maara Myra dị ka onye kwadoro nwanne ya nwoke n'ọrụ ndị a, ikekwe dị ka onye nledo, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ọtụtụ ihe gbasara nkọwa kpọmkwem. Ndị agha gọọmentị etiti gburu Bud na ngwụcha June afọ 1864. N'oge na-adịghị anya,&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;N'obi ya na-ajọ njọ maka ọnwụ Bud na azụmaahịa ya nke ohi na mbibi mebiri, [John Shirley] tụfuru ihe onwunwe ya, bufee ezinụlọ ya na ngwongwo ụlọ ya n'ime ụgbọala Conestoga abụọ, wee gawa Texas ... Ebe Shirley na-aga bụ Scyene, obere obodo nta dị kilomita iri na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Dallas. Myra [May], nwa nwanyị ji ọrụ n'aka, kwọọrọ otu n'ime ụgbọala ndị ahụ&quot;.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Dị ka akwụkwọ Belle Starr nke Burton Rascoe (Random House, 1941), si kwuo, &quot;A na-ewere ndị Shirley dị ka 'ndị a na-ahụkarị,' n'ihi na ha enweghị ndị ohu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rascoe|first=Burton|title=Belle Starr|publisher=Random House|year=1941|edition=1st|location=New York City|pages=113|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Myra bụ &quot;onye na-agaghị aga&quot; ma onye nkuzi Mrs. Poole weere ya dị ka &quot;onye na'ụzọ dị egwu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ndị ezinụlọ Reed kwagara Texas ma, dị ka ndekọ alụmdi na nwunye nke Collin County si kwuo, James C. Reed na Mira [''sic''] M. Shirley lụrụ n'ebe ahụ na Nọvemba 1, 1866. [9] Afọ abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ya, Rosie Lee (aha ya bụ Pearl). &lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Meier|first=Allison|date=3 April 2013|title=Belle Starr the Bandit Queen: How a Southern Girl Became a Legendary Western Outlaw|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/belle-starr-the-bandit-queen|journal=[[Atlas Obscura]]|accessdate=16 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Belle nwere ụdị ejiji siri ike mgbe niile, nke mere ka akụkọ ifo ya pụta ìhè. Dịka ọ na-eyi ihe na-agbawa agbawa, ọ na-eyi ákwà mkpuchi ụkwụ ojii mgbe ọ na-eyi uwe ịnyịnya ojii na okpu e ji nku nke nnụnụ mee, na-ebu egbe abụọ, nwere eriri katrij n'úkwù ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Reed ghọrọ onye mpụ ma chọọ igbu ọchụ na Arkansas, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ahụ kwaga California, ebe a mụrụ nwa ha nke abụọ, James Edwin (Eddie), n'afọ 1871.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri Texas, Reed sonyeere ọtụtụ ndị omekome. Ọ bụ ezie na Reed na mbụ nwara ọrụ ugbo, obi gbawara ya, ma jikọta onwe ya na ezinụlọ Starr, ezinụlọ Cherokee a ma ama maka izu ohi wiski, ehi, na ịnyịnya na Indian Territory (nke bụ ugbu a Oklahoma), yana ndị otu James na Younger. Na Eprel 1874, n'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe akaebe ọ bụla, e nyere akwụkwọ ikike ijide Belle maka ohi ụgbọala site n'aka di ya na ndị ọzọ. E gburu Reed n'ọnwa Ọgọst nke afọ ahụ na Paris, Texas, ebe ọ biri na ezinụlọ ya.

== Alụmdi na nwunye na afọ ndị sochirinụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr,_Fort_Smith,_Arkansas,_1886.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Belle Starr, Fort Smith, Arkansas, 1886; nwoke nọ n'elu ịnyịnya ahụ bụ Osote Marshal nke U.S. Benjamin Tyner Hughes, onye ya na onye nwe ya, Osote Marshal nke U.S. Charles Barnhill, jidere ya na Younger's Bend na Mee afọ 1886 wee kpọta ya na Ft. Smith maka ikpe. ]]
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_and_Blue_Duck.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Blue Duck na Belle Starr, May 24, 1886.]]
A na-ekwu na Belle lụrụ Charles Younger, nwanne nna Cole Younger, ruo izu atọ n'afọ 1878, mana ihe akaebe ọ bụla egosighi na nke a bụ eziokwu. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-ekwu na ada Belle bụ Pearl Reed bụ n'ezie Pearl Younger, mana n'akụkọ ndụ Cole Younger (nke e hotara na &quot;Belle Starr na oge ya&quot; nke Glen Shirley dere), o wepụrụ nke ahụ dị ka ihe efu ma kwuo ihe ọ maara n'ezie banyere Belle.

N'afọ 1880, ọ lụrụ nwoke Cherokee aha ya bụ Sam Starr wee biri na ezinụlọ Starr na mpaghara India. Site na alụmdi na nwunye ya na Sam Starr, ọ bụ nwanne nne Henry Starr. Ọ mụtara ụzọ isi hazie, hazie, na ịgba ogige maka ndị ohi, ndị ohi ịnyịnya, na ndị na-ebu ụgbọala, yana ịchekwa ha n'aka iwu. Ụlọ ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke Belle gosipụtara uru zuru oke nke na ọ na-ewe ọrụ aka azụ iji tọhapụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya n'aka iwu mgbe ọ bụla ejidere ha.

N'afọ 1882, e boro Belle na Sam ebubo izu ohi ịnyịnya. Osote onye isi ala US bụ Lemuel Marks nyere ikike njide ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Belle Starr in the Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S., Criminal Case Files, 1866-1900|url=https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/6099198?mark=7b22746f6b656e223a222f44562f7636425277573036305353704564774a6c5533622b3177587952705a6146576b47644678354c6b3d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d|work=Ancestry.com|accessdate=5 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kpere ha abụọ ikpe n'ihu &quot;Onyeikpe Na-akwụnye Aka&quot; Isaac C. Parker na Fort Smith, Arkansas; onye ọkaiwu United States bụ Ọkaiwu W. H. H. Clayton. A mara ya ikpe ma jee ozi ọnwa itoolu na Detroit House of Corrections na Detroit, Michigan. Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ nlereanya, n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o nwetara nkwanye ùgwù nke onye nlekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'ụzọ dị iche, Sam enweghị ike ịgbanwe ma kenye ya ọrụ ike. N'akụkọ na-emegiderịta onwe ya mgbe Marshal nwụchiri ya, &quot;Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ na-eme mkpọtụ na onye na-anaghị achịkwa achịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mullins|first=Jonita|title=Oklahoma Originals: Early Heroes, Heroines, Villains &amp; Vixens|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=9781467143523|location=Charleston, SC|pages=124–125|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1886, ọ gbanahụrụ ikpe maka ebubo ohi ọzọ, mana, na Disemba 17, Sam Starr sooro nwa nwanne ya nwoke, onye ọrụ iwu Frank West lụọ ọgụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.odmp.org/officer/14019-police-officer-frank-west|title=Police Officer Frank West, United States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Indian Affairs - Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Government|publisher=Officer Down Memorial Page|accessdate=2013-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ndị ikom abụọ ahụ, ndụ Belle dị ka eze nwanyị na-emebi iwu - na ihe bụ mmekọrịta kachasị obi ụtọ na ndụ ya - kwụsịrị na mberede na ọnwụ di ya.

N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga nke ndụ ya, asịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke nwere aha mara mma, gụnyere Jack Spaniard, Jim French na Blue Duck, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ lụrụ onye ikwu Sam Starr, Jim July, onye mechara bụrụ Jim July Starr, onye tọrọ ya ihe dị ka afọ iri na ise.

=== Ụmụaka ===
A mara Eddie Reed, nwa Belle, ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya na ịnata ihe onwunwe zuru ohi na Julaị 1889. Onyeikpe Parker zigara ya mkpọrọ na Columbus, Ohio. Ada Belle, Rosie Reed, nke a makwaara dị ka Pearl Starr, ghọrọ akwụna iji nweta ego maka ntọhapụ Eddie, wee nweta mgbaghara onyeisiala maka ya na 1893. Eddie ghọrọ osote onye isi ala na Fort Smith &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 17, 1896|title=Indian chieftain. (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, December 17, 1896, Image 2|work=Indian chieftain|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025010/1896-12-17/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=0}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma gbuo ụmụnne abụọ aha ha bụ Crittenden n'afọ 1895 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=Kansas City daily journal. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, December 16, 1896, Page 2, Image 2|work=Kansas City daily journal|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063624/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=14&amp;x=15&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ya n'onwe ya n'otu saloon dị na Claremore, Oklahoma na Disemba 14, afọ 1896. &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The San Francisco call. (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, December 16, 1896, Page 3, Image 3|work=The San Francisco call|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-3/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pearl na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ bordellos na Van Buren na Fort Smith, Arkansas, site na 1890s ruo Agha Ụwa Mbụ.

== Ogbugbu a na-edozighị edozi ==
E gburu Belle na Febụwarị 3, afọ 1889. Ọ nọ n'ụgbọala si n'ụlọ onye agbata obi ya laa mgbe e ji ụgbọ ịnyịnya ya daa, a gbagburu ya ọzọ iji jide n'aka na ọ nwụọla. Ọnwụ ya sitere na mmerụ ahụ egbe gbawara n'azụ na olu na n'ubu na ihu. Akụkọ ifo na-ekwu na e ji egbe nke ya nke nwere barel abụọ gbaa ya egbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dịka Frank &quot;Pistol Pete&quot; Eaton si kwuo, ọnwụ Belle bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Ọ nọ na-aga egwu. Frank Eaton bụ onye ikpeazụ ya na ya na-agba egwu, mgbe otu n'ime ndị na-ere ahịa ya, Edgar J. Watson, nke o doro anya na mmanya na-egbu ya, rịọrọ ka e nye ya egwu. Belle jụrụ, o mechara soro ya pụọ ​​n'egwu ahụ. Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị inye ịnyịnya ya ihe ọṅụṅụ n'otu iyi mmiri mgbe ọ na-alọta, ọ gbara ya egbe ma gbuo ya. Dịka Eaton si kwuo, a kpere Watson ikpe, maa ya ikpe, ma gbuo ya site n'ịkwụgbu ya maka igbu ọchụ ahụ.

Agbanyeghị, akụkọ ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ dịghị onye akaebe ọ bụla ma na ọ dịghị onye a mara ikpe maka ogbugbu ahụ. Ndị a na-enyo enyo nwere ebumnuche doro anya gụnyere di ọhụrụ ya, ụmụ ya abụọ, na Edgar Watson, n'ihi na ọ na-atụ egwu na ọ ga-enyefe ya n'aka ndị ọchịchị dị ka onye ogbu mmadụ gbapụrụ agbapụ si Florida na ọnụ ahịa ya n'isi. A kpụpụrụ Watson, onye e gburu na 1910, maka igbu ọchụ ya, mana a tọhapụla ya, mwakpo ahụ abanyela n'akụkọ ọdịda anyanwụ dị ka &quot;Enweghị ngwọta&quot;.

Otu akwụkwọ na-atụ aro na nwa ya nwoke, onye a na-ekwu na ọ kụrụ maka imegbu ịnyịnya ya ọ hụrụ n'anya, nwere ike ịbụ onye gburu ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.frontiertimes.com/outlaws/belle_starr.html|title=FrontierTimes - Outlaws - Belle Starr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== N'omenala a ma ama ==
[[Faịlụ:Woolaroc_-_Belle_Star_2.jpg|thumb|Ihe oyiyi nke Belle Starr na Woolaroc na Oklahoma]]

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye a na-amaghị ama na mpụga Texas n'ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya, akụkọ Belle ka akwụkwọ akụkọ na onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ National Police Gazette Richard K. Fox, onye mere ka aha ya bụrụ ihe a ma ama na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ Bella Starr, the Bandit Queen, ma ọ bụ Female Jesse James, nke e bipụtara na 1889 (afọ ogbugbu ya). A ka na-edepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ a dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme n'agbanyeghị ikikere nka ya na enweghị akụkọ ihe mere anya. Ọ bụ nke mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ akụkọ a ma ama jiri aha ya mee ihe.
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Myra Maybelle Shirley Reed Starr''' (February 5, 1848 - February 3, 1889), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Belle Starr, bụ onye America na-emebi iwu nke nwetara aha ọjọọ na mba ahụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rasmussen|first=Cecilia|date=2002-02-17|title=Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206230155/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archivedate=2019-12-06|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-akpakọrịta ya na James-Younger Gang na ndị omekome ndị ọzọ. A mara ya ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya n'afọ 1883. E gburu ya egbu n'afọ 1889 n'okwu nke a ka na-edozibeghị n'ihu ọha. Richard Kyle Fox mere ka akụkọ ya pụta ìhè, o mechara bụrụ onye a ma ama na telivishọn na ihe nkiri.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Belle Starr Myra Maybelle Shirley n'ugbo nna ya dị nso na Carthage, Missouri, na Febụwarị 5, 1848. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ezinụlọ ya kpọrọ ya May. Nna ya, John Shirley, nwere ọganihu n'ịzụ ọka wit, ọka, ezi na ịnyịnya, mana a na-ewere ya dị ka &quot;atụrụ ojii&quot; nke ezinụlọ Virginia bara ọgaranya kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Indiana, ebe ọ lụrụ di ma gbaa alụkwaghịm ugboro abụọ.&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation cites a broad range of pages. Page ranges should be limited to one or two pages when possible. (August 2025)&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Isi peeji sara mbara nke ukwuu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Nne ya, Elizabeth &quot;Eliza&quot; Hatfield Shirley, bụ nwunye nke atọ nke John Shirley na onye ikwu dị anya na Hatfields nke esemokwu ezinụlọ a ma ama .  N'afọ 1860, nna Belle rere ugbo ahụ wee kwaga ezinụlọ ya na Carthage, ebe ọ zụtara ụlọ anụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịkpụ ihe n'ámá obodo.

Myra Shirley gụrụ akwụkwọ na klasịk ma mụta piano, mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Carthage Female Academy nke Missouri, ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe nke nna ya nyeere aka ịchọta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agha Obodo na ihe ndị sochiri ya ==
N'oge Agha Obodo Amerịka, nwanne Myra nke tọrọ ya, John A. M. &quot;Bud&quot; Shirley, bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Jasper County, na-alụ ọgụ maka Confederacy. A maara Myra dị ka onye kwadoro nwanne ya nwoke n'ọrụ ndị a, ikekwe dị ka onye nledo, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ọtụtụ ihe gbasara nkọwa kpọmkwem. Ndị agha gọọmentị etiti gburu Bud na ngwụcha June afọ 1864. N'oge na-adịghị anya,&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;N'obi ya na-ajọ njọ maka ọnwụ Bud na azụmaahịa ya nke ohi na mbibi mebiri, [John Shirley] tụfuru ihe onwunwe ya, bufee ezinụlọ ya na ngwongwo ụlọ ya n'ime ụgbọala Conestoga abụọ, wee gawa Texas ... Ebe Shirley na-aga bụ Scyene, obere obodo nta dị kilomita iri na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Dallas. Myra [May], nwa nwanyị ji ọrụ n'aka, kwọọrọ otu n'ime ụgbọala ndị ahụ&quot;.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Dị ka akwụkwọ Belle Starr nke Burton Rascoe (Random House, 1941), si kwuo, &quot;A na-ewere ndị Shirley dị ka 'ndị a na-ahụkarị,' n'ihi na ha enweghị ndị ohu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rascoe|first=Burton|title=Belle Starr|publisher=Random House|year=1941|edition=1st|location=New York City|pages=113|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Myra bụ &quot;onye na-agaghị aga&quot; ma onye nkuzi Mrs. Poole weere ya dị ka &quot;onye na'ụzọ dị egwu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ndị ezinụlọ Reed kwagara Texas ma, dị ka ndekọ alụmdi na nwunye nke Collin County si kwuo, James C. Reed na Mira [''sic''] M. Shirley lụrụ n'ebe ahụ na Nọvemba 1, 1866. [9] Afọ abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ya, Rosie Lee (aha ya bụ Pearl). &lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Meier|first=Allison|date=3 April 2013|title=Belle Starr the Bandit Queen: How a Southern Girl Became a Legendary Western Outlaw|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/belle-starr-the-bandit-queen|journal=[[Atlas Obscura]]|accessdate=16 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Belle nwere ụdị ejiji siri ike mgbe niile, nke mere ka akụkọ ifo ya pụta ìhè. Dịka ọ na-eyi ihe na-agbawa agbawa, ọ na-eyi ákwà mkpuchi ụkwụ ojii mgbe ọ na-eyi uwe ịnyịnya ojii na okpu e ji nku nke nnụnụ mee, na-ebu egbe abụọ, nwere eriri katrij n'úkwù ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Reed ghọrọ onye mpụ ma chọọ igbu ọchụ na Arkansas, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ahụ kwaga California, ebe a mụrụ nwa ha nke abụọ, James Edwin (Eddie), n'afọ 1871.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri Texas, Reed sonyeere ọtụtụ ndị omekome. Ọ bụ ezie na Reed na mbụ nwara ọrụ ugbo, obi gbawara ya, ma jikọta onwe ya na ezinụlọ Starr, ezinụlọ Cherokee a ma ama maka izu ohi wiski, ehi, na ịnyịnya na Indian Territory (nke bụ ugbu a Oklahoma), yana ndị otu James na Younger. Na Eprel 1874, n'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe akaebe ọ bụla, e nyere akwụkwọ ikike ijide Belle maka ohi ụgbọala site n'aka di ya na ndị ọzọ. E gburu Reed n'ọnwa Ọgọst nke afọ ahụ na Paris, Texas, ebe ọ biri na ezinụlọ ya.

== Alụmdi na nwunye na afọ ndị sochirinụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr,_Fort_Smith,_Arkansas,_1886.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Belle Starr, Fort Smith, Arkansas, 1886; nwoke nọ n'elu ịnyịnya ahụ bụ Osote Marshal nke U.S. Benjamin Tyner Hughes, onye ya na onye nwe ya, Osote Marshal nke U.S. Charles Barnhill, jidere ya na Younger's Bend na Mee afọ 1886 wee kpọta ya na Ft. Smith maka ikpe. ]]
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_and_Blue_Duck.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Blue Duck na Belle Starr, May 24, 1886.]]
A na-ekwu na Belle lụrụ Charles Younger, nwanne nna Cole Younger, ruo izu atọ n'afọ 1878, mana ihe akaebe ọ bụla egosighi na nke a bụ eziokwu. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-ekwu na ada Belle bụ Pearl Reed bụ n'ezie Pearl Younger, mana n'akụkọ ndụ Cole Younger (nke e hotara na &quot;Belle Starr na oge ya&quot; nke Glen Shirley dere), o wepụrụ nke ahụ dị ka ihe efu ma kwuo ihe ọ maara n'ezie banyere Belle.

N'afọ 1880, ọ lụrụ nwoke Cherokee aha ya bụ Sam Starr wee biri na ezinụlọ Starr na mpaghara India. Site na alụmdi na nwunye ya na Sam Starr, ọ bụ nwanne nne Henry Starr. Ọ mụtara ụzọ isi hazie, hazie, na ịgba ogige maka ndị ohi, ndị ohi ịnyịnya, na ndị na-ebu ụgbọala, yana ịchekwa ha n'aka iwu. Ụlọ ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke Belle gosipụtara uru zuru oke nke na ọ na-ewe ọrụ aka azụ iji tọhapụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya n'aka iwu mgbe ọ bụla ejidere ha.

N'afọ 1882, e boro Belle na Sam ebubo izu ohi ịnyịnya. Osote onye isi ala US bụ Lemuel Marks nyere ikike njide ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Belle Starr in the Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S., Criminal Case Files, 1866-1900|url=https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/6099198?mark=7b22746f6b656e223a222f44562f7636425277573036305353704564774a6c5533622b3177587952705a6146576b47644678354c6b3d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d|work=Ancestry.com|accessdate=5 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kpere ha abụọ ikpe n'ihu &quot;Onyeikpe Na-akwụnye Aka&quot; Isaac C. Parker na Fort Smith, Arkansas; onye ọkaiwu United States bụ Ọkaiwu W. H. H. Clayton. A mara ya ikpe ma jee ozi ọnwa itoolu na Detroit House of Corrections na Detroit, Michigan. Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ nlereanya, n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o nwetara nkwanye ùgwù nke onye nlekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'ụzọ dị iche, Sam enweghị ike ịgbanwe ma kenye ya ọrụ ike. N'akụkọ na-emegiderịta onwe ya mgbe Marshal nwụchiri ya, &quot;Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ na-eme mkpọtụ na onye na-anaghị achịkwa achịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mullins|first=Jonita|title=Oklahoma Originals: Early Heroes, Heroines, Villains &amp; Vixens|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=9781467143523|location=Charleston, SC|pages=124–125|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1886, ọ gbanahụrụ ikpe maka ebubo ohi ọzọ, mana, na Disemba 17, Sam Starr sooro nwa nwanne ya nwoke, onye ọrụ iwu Frank West lụọ ọgụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.odmp.org/officer/14019-police-officer-frank-west|title=Police Officer Frank West, United States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Indian Affairs - Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Government|publisher=Officer Down Memorial Page|accessdate=2013-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ndị ikom abụọ ahụ, ndụ Belle dị ka eze nwanyị na-emebi iwu - na ihe bụ mmekọrịta kachasị obi ụtọ na ndụ ya - kwụsịrị na mberede na ọnwụ di ya.

N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga nke ndụ ya, asịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke nwere aha mara mma, gụnyere Jack Spaniard, Jim French na Blue Duck, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ lụrụ onye ikwu Sam Starr, Jim July, onye mechara bụrụ Jim July Starr, onye tọrọ ya ihe dị ka afọ iri na ise.

=== Ụmụaka ===
A mara Eddie Reed, nwa Belle, ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya na ịnata ihe onwunwe zuru ohi na Julaị 1889. Onyeikpe Parker zigara ya mkpọrọ na Columbus, Ohio. Ada Belle, Rosie Reed, nke a makwaara dị ka Pearl Starr, ghọrọ akwụna iji nweta ego maka ntọhapụ Eddie, wee nweta mgbaghara onyeisiala maka ya na 1893. Eddie ghọrọ osote onye isi ala na Fort Smith &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 17, 1896|title=Indian chieftain. (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, December 17, 1896, Image 2|work=Indian chieftain|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025010/1896-12-17/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=0}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma gbuo ụmụnne abụọ aha ha bụ Crittenden n'afọ 1895 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=Kansas City daily journal. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, December 16, 1896, Page 2, Image 2|work=Kansas City daily journal|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063624/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=14&amp;x=15&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ya n'onwe ya n'otu saloon dị na Claremore, Oklahoma na Disemba 14, afọ 1896. &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The San Francisco call. (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, December 16, 1896, Page 3, Image 3|work=The San Francisco call|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-3/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pearl na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ bordellos na Van Buren na Fort Smith, Arkansas, site na 1890s ruo Agha Ụwa Mbụ.

== Ogbugbu a na-edozighị edozi ==
E gburu Belle na Febụwarị 3, afọ 1889. Ọ nọ n'ụgbọala si n'ụlọ onye agbata obi ya laa mgbe e ji ụgbọ ịnyịnya ya daa, a gbagburu ya ọzọ iji jide n'aka na ọ nwụọla. Ọnwụ ya sitere na mmerụ ahụ egbe gbawara n'azụ na olu na n'ubu na ihu. Akụkọ ifo na-ekwu na e ji egbe nke ya nke nwere barel abụọ gbaa ya egbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dịka Frank &quot;Pistol Pete&quot; Eaton si kwuo, ọnwụ Belle bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Ọ nọ na-aga egwu. Frank Eaton bụ onye ikpeazụ ya na ya na-agba egwu, mgbe otu n'ime ndị na-ere ahịa ya, Edgar J. Watson, nke o doro anya na mmanya na-egbu ya, rịọrọ ka e nye ya egwu. Belle jụrụ, o mechara soro ya pụọ ​​n'egwu ahụ. Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị inye ịnyịnya ya ihe ọṅụṅụ n'otu iyi mmiri mgbe ọ na-alọta, ọ gbara ya egbe ma gbuo ya. Dịka Eaton si kwuo, a kpere Watson ikpe, maa ya ikpe, ma gbuo ya site n'ịkwụgbu ya maka igbu ọchụ ahụ.

Agbanyeghị, akụkọ ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ dịghị onye akaebe ọ bụla ma na ọ dịghị onye a mara ikpe maka ogbugbu ahụ. Ndị a na-enyo enyo nwere ebumnuche doro anya gụnyere di ọhụrụ ya, ụmụ ya abụọ, na Edgar Watson, n'ihi na ọ na-atụ egwu na ọ ga-enyefe ya n'aka ndị ọchịchị dị ka onye ogbu mmadụ gbapụrụ agbapụ si Florida na ọnụ ahịa ya n'isi. A kpụpụrụ Watson, onye e gburu na 1910, maka igbu ọchụ ya, mana a tọhapụla ya, mwakpo ahụ abanyela n'akụkọ ọdịda anyanwụ dị ka &quot;Enweghị ngwọta&quot;.

Otu akwụkwọ na-atụ aro na nwa ya nwoke, onye a na-ekwu na ọ kụrụ maka imegbu ịnyịnya ya ọ hụrụ n'anya, nwere ike ịbụ onye gburu ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.frontiertimes.com/outlaws/belle_starr.html|title=FrontierTimes - Outlaws - Belle Starr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== N'omenala a ma ama ==
[[Faịlụ:Woolaroc_-_Belle_Star_2.jpg|thumb|Ihe oyiyi nke Belle Starr na Woolaroc na Oklahoma]]

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye a na-amaghị ama na mpụga Texas n'ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya, akụkọ Belle ka akwụkwọ akụkọ na onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ National Police Gazette Richard K. Fox, onye mere ka aha ya bụrụ ihe a ma ama na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ Bella Starr, the Bandit Queen, ma ọ bụ Female Jesse James, nke e bipụtara na 1889 (afọ ogbugbu ya). A ka na-edepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ a dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme n'agbanyeghị ikikere nka ya na enweghị akụkọ ihe mere anya. Ọ bụ nke mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ akụkọ a ma ama jiri aha ya mee ihe.
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_jumping_bail,_illustration_from_The_National_Police_Gazette,_May_22,_1886.png|thumb|Belle Star, &quot;A Wild Western Amazon,&quot; dị ka egosiri na National Police Gazette, 1886]]

=== Ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri telivishọn ===

* Betty Compson gosipụtara ya na ihe nkiri na-adịghị ekwu okwu nke 1928 Court Martial .
* Na ihe nkiri Hopalong Cassidy nke 1938 Heart of Arizona, Natalie Moorhead gosipụtara ya.
* Sally Payne pụtara dị ka Belle Starr na Roy Rogers western Robin Hood of the Pecos (1941).
* Gene Tierney rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe nkiri Belle Starr (1941). O meghị ka ọ bụrụ eziokwu mana ọ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma, ọ mụbakwara mmasị Hollywood na agwa ahụ. N'ime ọgwụgwọ atọ a na-akọ n'ụzọ hà nhata, Isabel Jewell mere Starr na Badman's Territory (1946) na Belle Starr's Daughter (1948), Jane Russell mere ihe nkiri ahụ na ''Montana Belle'' (1952).&lt;ref name=&quot;NADW&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nwaonline.com/news/2023/mar/19/belle-starr-aka-bandit-queen-lived-colorful-life/|title=ARKANSAS A-Z: Belle Starr, aka 'Bandit Queen,' lived colorful life of crime|author=Hendricks|first=Nancy|work=[[Northwest Arkansas Democrat Gazette]]|date=March 19, 2023|accessdate=February 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319073354/https://www.nwaonline.com/news/2023/mar/19/belle-starr-aka-bandit-queen-lived-colorful-life/|archivedate=March 19, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9406E7DC143AE33BBC4852DFB7668382659EDE|title='Belle Starr's Daughter' Arrives at Globe|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 10, 1949|accessdate=February 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307085643/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9406E7DC143AE33BBC4852DFB7668382659EDE|archivedate=March 7, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/24683|title=Badman's Territory (1946)|work=[[American Film Institute]]|accessdate=February 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917224723/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/24683|archivedate=September 17, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1954, onye bụbu Miss Utah Marie Windsor mere Starr na ihe omume izizi nke usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn Jim Davis bụ Stories of the Century . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0710935/|title=Stories of the Century: &quot;Belle Starr&quot;, January 23, 1954|publisher=[[IMDb|Internet Movie Database]]|accessdate=September 16, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1957, Jeanne Cooper, onye mechara bụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, mere Belle Starr n'otu ihe omume nke Dale Robertson's Tales of Wells Fargo . N'ihe omume a, Starr na-akpọ onwe ya Mrs. Reed. A kpọtụrụ &quot;Hanging Judge&quot; Isaac C. Parker aha, ihe omume ahụ kpọtụrụ Starr ikpe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị mkpirikpi na ụlọ mkpọrọ dị na Detroit. N'afọ 1960, Cooper mere Belle Starr ọzọ n'otu ihe omume nke usoro TV ''Bronco'' nke akpọrọ &quot;Shadow of Jesse James&quot;.
* N'afọ 1959, Jean Willes gosipụtara Starr na ''Maverick'' episode &quot;Full House&quot; n'ihu James Garner.
* N'afọ 1960, Lynn Bari mere Belle na ihe omume izizi, nke akpọrọ &quot;Perilous Passage&quot;, nke NBC western Overland Trail.
* N'afọ 1961, Carole Mathews pụtara dị ka Belle na &quot;A Bullet for the D.A.&quot;, ihe omume nke Death Valley Days, nke Stanley Andrews kwadoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0556533/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_7|title=A Bullet for the D.A, ''Death Valley Days'', November 13, 1961|publisher=[[IMDb|Internet Movie Database]]|accessdate=February 25, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1965, Sally Starr, onye na-eme ihe nkiri telivishọn si Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, gosipụtara njirimara maka ọchị na ihe nkiri The Three Stooges The Outlaws Is Coming .
* N'afọ 1968, Elsa Martinelli pụtara dị ka Belle Starr na The Belle Starr Story, ihe nkiri ọdịda anyanwụ nke Lina Wertmüller duziri.
* N'afọ 1975, Brooke Tucker pụtara dị ka Belle Starr n'akụkụ Marty Ingels dị ka Billy the Kid na &quot;They Went Thataway&quot;, nke itoolu nke The Ghost Busters.
* N'afọ 1977, Florence Henderson pụtara dị ka Belle Starr na Storybook Squares, ụdị Hollywood Squares maka ụmụaka.
* Elizabeth Montgomery gosipụtara Belle na ihe nkiri telivishọn nke 1980 Belle Starr, nke Hanna-Barbera mere. &lt;ref name=&quot;NADW&quot; /&gt;
* Pamela Reed gosipụtara Belle Starr na ihe nkiri Hollywood nke 1980 The Long Riders . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Maslin|first=Janet|date=1980-05-16|title=Film: 'The Long Riders,' With Gangs of the West:Oh Brothers!|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/05/16/archives/film-the-long-riders-with-gangs-of-the-westoh-brothers.html|accessdate=2024-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1995, Melissa Clayton gosipụtara Belle Starr na oge nke atọ nke Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, n'otu ihe omume akpọrọ &quot;Baby Outlaws&quot;, dị ka onye omekome dị afọ iri na anọ nke na-adaba n'okpuru nlekọta nke ezigbo dọkịta na ezinụlọ ya. Ihe omume a na-ewere ọnọdụ na 1870, mgbe Belle ga-adị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ n'ezie.
* N'afọ 2007, onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'onwe ya bụ Ron Maxwell họọrọ ikike ihe nkiri maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Speer Morgan nke afọ 1979 bụ Belle Starr. Na mbipụta December 2008 nke Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture, a kpọtụrụ Maxwell aha dị ka onye nduzi nke ihe nkiri na-abịa nke akpọrọ Belle Starr.
* Ihe nkiri 2010 bụ ''Bass Reeves'' bụ akụkọ ifo nke ndụ onye ọka iwu bụ Bass Reeves, ọ na-egosikwa ihe ngosi nke Belle Starr.
* Na usoro 2013 Quick Draw! , akụkọ ifo banyere Belle Starr gosipụtara ya dị ka nwunye nwụrụ anwụ nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Sheriff John Henry Hoyle. A na-akpọ ya nwunye Cole Younger na Sam Starr. Arden Myrin pụtara na ihe omume abụọ dị ka Belle Starr, na [[Alexia Dox]] pụtara dị ka Pearl Starr dị ka usoro a na-eme mgbe niile.
* Ihe omume mmalite 2015 nke The Pinkertons gosipụtara Sheila Campbell dị ka Belle Carson na mbido ọrụ Belle dị ka onye omekome (nke a na-akọ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu, na aha Belle Starr dị ka onye ya na Jesse James na Kansas City).
* Amber Sweet na-eme Belle Starr na ihe nkiri 2019 Hell on the Border, nke Wes Miller dere ma duzie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://eu.swtimes.com/story/entertainment/local/2019/11/21/anticipation-grows-for-hell-on/2246590007/|title=Anticipation grows for 'Hell on the Border'|author=Smith|first=Scott|work=[[Southwest Times Record]]|date=November 11, 2019|accessdate=March 10, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310014351/https://www.swtimes.com/story/entertainment/local/2019/11/21/anticipation-grows-for-hell-on/2246590007/|archivedate=March 10, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akwụkwọ na egwu ===

* Woody Guthrie dere abụ akpọrọ &quot;Belle Starr&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://woodyguthrie.org/Lyrics/Belle_Starr.htm|title=Belle Starr lyrics by Woody Guthrie}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Margot Douaihy dere akwụkwọ docupoetry a na-akpọ &quot;Bandit/Queen: The Runaway Story of Belle Starr&quot; (2022), na-echepụta ndụ dị n'ime onye omekome ahụ, na-etinye Belle Starr dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-agba ọsọ, &quot;onye na-agbapụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bandit/Queen – Clemson University Press|url=https://libraries.clemson.edu/press/books/bandit-queen/|accessdate=2022-10-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Emmylou Harris na Mark Knopfler jikọrọ aka na 2006 All the Roadrunning gosipụtara egwu akpọrọ &quot;Belle Starr,&quot; nke Harris dere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/belle-starr-mt0005708378|title=Belle Starr|work=AllMusic}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sissy Spacek dere egwu &quot;Some Small Crime&quot; banyere Starr ma soro Levon Helm bụrụ ya na The Midnight Special na 1980. 
* A kpọtụrụ 'ghost of Belle Starr' aha na &quot;Tombstone Blues&quot; na album [[Bob Dylan]] bụ Highway 61 Revisited (1965). Dylan kpọtụrụ Belle Starr aha na okwu nke &quot;Seeing The Real You at Last&quot; na album Empire Burlesque (1985).
* Belle Starr (1979) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke onye edemede America na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Speer Morgan.
* The Legend of Belle Starr (1979) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Stoney Hardcastle dere.
* Ogbugbu a na-edozighị nke Belle Starr bụ ihe ndabere maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Douglas C. Jones The Search for Temperance Moon (1991). A na-egosipụta onye dabeere na Pearl Starr, nwa nwanyị Belle, dị ka onye nwe ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na Fort Smith, Arkansas.
* Onye edemede ọdịda anyanwụ Pulp J.T. Edson gosipụtara Belle Starr n'ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ya dị ka mmasị ịhụnanya nke Mark Counter, otu n'ime ndị isi atọ na usoro ahụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Edson Guns in the Night gosipụtara na e gburu Belle Starr mgbe ọ dị ime nwa Mark Counter nke mere na ndị otu Floating Outfit jidere onye gburu ya.
* Otu n'ime mgbanwe ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche nke akụkọ ifo nke Belle Starr bụ nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri manga nke Japan bụ Akihiro Ito mere, onye na 1993 mepụtara manga a maara dị ka Belle Starr Bandits, nke dabeere na akụkọ ihe mere eme, eziokwu na ihe omume. Ọ pụtara na manga Gun Blaze West site na Nobuhiro Watsuki, dị ka otu n'ime ndị otu J.J. (Jesse James).   
* Belle Starr pụtara dị ka caricature na 1995 Belle Starr album nke usoro ihe nkiri Lucky Luke, nke Morris sere ma Xavier Fauche dere.
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke afọ 2009 The Branch and the Scaffold nke Loren D. Estleman dere na-ekwu maka ndụ Belle Starr na mba ndị India ka ụzọ ya gafere nke Judge Isaac C. Parker.
* Akụkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Peter Mattheissen (The Killing of Mr. Watson Trilogy na ugbu a Shadow Country) gụnyere akụkọ banyere igbu Belle Starr nke E.J. Watson.
* Onye America na-agụ egwu obodo Michael Martin Murphey na-abụ abụ banyere ndụ Belle Starr n'abụ akpọrọ &quot;Belle Star&quot; na album ya ''Cowboy Songs III: Rhymes of the Renegades'' .
* Ndị otu Rival Sons dekọrọ egwu &quot;Belle Starr&quot; dị ka egwu nke asatọ na abọm ha nke afọ 2014, ''Great Western Valkyrie'' .
* Akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị nke Dick Wood dere na akụkọ ifo ya pụtara dị ka &quot;Belle Starr&quot; na Crime Does Not Pay #25.

=== Egwuregwu vidio ===

* Onye na-alụ ọgụ Belle na egwuregwu Brawl Stars dabeere na ya. Aha njikwa egwuregwu maka onye ọgụ ahụ bụ aha nna ya (Starr).
* Akara Black Belle na egwuregwu Red Dead Redemption 2 dabeere na Belle Starr.
* N'egwuregwu kaadị azụmaahịa a ma ama, Yu-Gi-Oh! , Monster Card, &quot;Magical Musketeer Starfire&quot; dabeere na Belle Starr.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke igbu ọchụ a na-edozighị edozi (tupu 1900) 

== Edensibịa ==

=== Akwụkwọ ===

* {{Cite book|author=Shirley|first=Glenn|title=Belle Starr and Her Times: The Literature, the Facts and the Legends|location=Norman|publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]]|year=1982|isbn=0-8061-2276-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_LjptHB5d30C}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Belle Starrsite naAkwụkwọ ntuziaka nke Texas Online
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070701142323/http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/star-bel.htm Akụkọ ndụ zuru ezu nke Belle Starr]
* Belle Starr, Isiokwu nke Richard D. Arnott
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091110053818/http://www.4dbios.com/F3-SBizCrims.html Akụkọ ndụ nke Belle Starr na 4dbios]
* Belle StarrnaChọta Ili
* STARR, MYRA MAYBELLE SHIRLEY (1848-1889) na Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and CultureEncyclopedia nke Oklahoma Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme na Ọdịbendị
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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{{Databox}}     

'''Myra Maybelle Shirley Reed Starr''' (February 5, 1848 - February 3, 1889), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Belle Starr, bụ onye America na-emebi iwu nke nwetara aha ọjọọ na mba ahụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rasmussen|first=Cecilia|date=2002-02-17|title=Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206230155/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archivedate=2019-12-06|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-akpakọrịta ya na James-Younger Gang na ndị omekome ndị ọzọ. A mara ya ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya n'afọ 1883. E gburu ya egbu n'afọ 1889 n'okwu nke a ka na-edozibeghị n'ihu ọha. Richard Kyle Fox mere ka akụkọ ya pụta ìhè, o mechara bụrụ onye a ma ama na telivishọn na ihe nkiri.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Belle Starr Myra Maybelle Shirley n'ugbo nna ya dị nso na Carthage, Missouri, na Febụwarị 5, 1848. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ezinụlọ ya kpọrọ ya May. Nna ya, John Shirley, nwere ọganihu n'ịzụ ọka wit, ọka, ezi na ịnyịnya, mana a na-ewere ya dị ka &quot;atụrụ ojii&quot; nke ezinụlọ Virginia bara ọgaranya kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Indiana, ebe ọ lụrụ di ma gbaa alụkwaghịm ugboro abụọ.&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation cites a broad range of pages. Page ranges should be limited to one or two pages when possible. (August 2025)&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Isi peeji sara mbara nke ukwuu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Nne ya, Elizabeth &quot;Eliza&quot; Hatfield Shirley, bụ nwunye nke atọ nke John Shirley na onye ikwu dị anya na Hatfields nke esemokwu ezinụlọ a ma ama .  N'afọ 1860, nna Belle rere ugbo ahụ wee kwaga ezinụlọ ya na Carthage, ebe ọ zụtara ụlọ anụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịkpụ ihe n'ámá obodo.

Myra Shirley gụrụ akwụkwọ na klasịk ma mụta piano, mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Carthage Female Academy nke Missouri, ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe nke nna ya nyeere aka ịchọta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agha Obodo na ihe ndị sochiri ya ==
N'oge Agha Obodo Amerịka, nwanne Myra nke tọrọ ya, John A. M. &quot;Bud&quot; Shirley, bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Jasper County, na-alụ ọgụ maka Confederacy. A maara Myra dị ka onye kwadoro nwanne ya nwoke n'ọrụ ndị a, ikekwe dị ka onye nledo, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ọtụtụ ihe gbasara nkọwa kpọmkwem. Ndị agha gọọmentị etiti gburu Bud na ngwụcha June afọ 1864. N'oge na-adịghị anya,&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;N'obi ya na-ajọ njọ maka ọnwụ Bud na azụmaahịa ya nke ohi na mbibi mebiri, [John Shirley] tụfuru ihe onwunwe ya, bufee ezinụlọ ya na ngwongwo ụlọ ya n'ime ụgbọala Conestoga abụọ, wee gawa Texas ... Ebe Shirley na-aga bụ Scyene, obere obodo nta dị kilomita iri na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Dallas. Myra [May], nwa nwanyị ji ọrụ n'aka, kwọọrọ otu n'ime ụgbọala ndị ahụ&quot;.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Dị ka akwụkwọ Belle Starr nke Burton Rascoe (Random House, 1941), si kwuo, &quot;A na-ewere ndị Shirley dị ka 'ndị a na-ahụkarị,' n'ihi na ha enweghị ndị ohu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rascoe|first=Burton|title=Belle Starr|publisher=Random House|year=1941|edition=1st|location=New York City|pages=113|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Myra bụ &quot;onye na-agaghị aga&quot; ma onye nkuzi Mrs. Poole weere ya dị ka &quot;onye na'ụzọ dị egwu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ndị ezinụlọ Reed kwagara Texas ma, dị ka ndekọ alụmdi na nwunye nke Collin County si kwuo, James C. Reed na Mira [''sic''] M. Shirley lụrụ n'ebe ahụ na Nọvemba 1, 1866. [9] Afọ abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ya, Rosie Lee (aha ya bụ Pearl). &lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Meier|first=Allison|date=3 April 2013|title=Belle Starr the Bandit Queen: How a Southern Girl Became a Legendary Western Outlaw|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/belle-starr-the-bandit-queen|journal=[[Atlas Obscura]]|accessdate=16 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Belle nwere ụdị ejiji siri ike mgbe niile, nke mere ka akụkọ ifo ya pụta ìhè. Dịka ọ na-eyi ihe na-agbawa agbawa, ọ na-eyi ákwà mkpuchi ụkwụ ojii mgbe ọ na-eyi uwe ịnyịnya ojii na okpu e ji nku nke nnụnụ mee, na-ebu egbe abụọ, nwere eriri katrij n'úkwù ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Reed ghọrọ onye mpụ ma chọọ igbu ọchụ na Arkansas, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ahụ kwaga California, ebe a mụrụ nwa ha nke abụọ, James Edwin (Eddie), n'afọ 1871.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri Texas, Reed sonyeere ọtụtụ ndị omekome. Ọ bụ ezie na Reed na mbụ nwara ọrụ ugbo, obi gbawara ya, ma jikọta onwe ya na ezinụlọ Starr, ezinụlọ Cherokee a ma ama maka izu ohi wiski, ehi, na ịnyịnya na Indian Territory (nke bụ ugbu a Oklahoma), yana ndị otu James na Younger. Na Eprel 1874, n'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe akaebe ọ bụla, e nyere akwụkwọ ikike ijide Belle maka ohi ụgbọala site n'aka di ya na ndị ọzọ. E gburu Reed n'ọnwa Ọgọst nke afọ ahụ na Paris, Texas, ebe ọ biri na ezinụlọ ya.

== Alụmdi na nwunye na afọ ndị sochirinụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr,_Fort_Smith,_Arkansas,_1886.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Belle Starr, Fort Smith, Arkansas, 1886; nwoke nọ n'elu ịnyịnya ahụ bụ Osote Marshal nke U.S. Benjamin Tyner Hughes, onye ya na onye nwe ya, Osote Marshal nke U.S. Charles Barnhill, jidere ya na Younger's Bend na Mee afọ 1886 wee kpọta ya na Ft. Smith maka ikpe. ]]
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_and_Blue_Duck.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Blue Duck na Belle Starr, May 24, 1886.]]
A na-ekwu na Belle lụrụ Charles Younger, nwanne nna Cole Younger, ruo izu atọ n'afọ 1878, mana ihe akaebe ọ bụla egosighi na nke a bụ eziokwu. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-ekwu na ada Belle bụ Pearl Reed bụ n'ezie Pearl Younger, mana n'akụkọ ndụ Cole Younger (nke e hotara na &quot;Belle Starr na oge ya&quot; nke Glen Shirley dere), o wepụrụ nke ahụ dị ka ihe efu ma kwuo ihe ọ maara n'ezie banyere Belle.

N'afọ 1880, ọ lụrụ nwoke Cherokee aha ya bụ Sam Starr wee biri na ezinụlọ Starr na mpaghara India. Site na alụmdi na nwunye ya na Sam Starr, ọ bụ nwanne nne Henry Starr. Ọ mụtara ụzọ isi hazie, hazie, na ịgba ogige maka ndị ohi, ndị ohi ịnyịnya, na ndị na-ebu ụgbọala, yana ịchekwa ha n'aka iwu. Ụlọ ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke Belle gosipụtara uru zuru oke nke na ọ na-ewe ọrụ aka azụ iji tọhapụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya n'aka iwu mgbe ọ bụla ejidere ha.

N'afọ 1882, e boro Belle na Sam ebubo izu ohi ịnyịnya. Osote onye isi ala US bụ Lemuel Marks nyere ikike njide ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Belle Starr in the Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S., Criminal Case Files, 1866-1900|url=https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/6099198?mark=7b22746f6b656e223a222f44562f7636425277573036305353704564774a6c5533622b3177587952705a6146576b47644678354c6b3d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d|work=Ancestry.com|accessdate=5 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kpere ha abụọ ikpe n'ihu &quot;Onyeikpe Na-akwụnye Aka&quot; Isaac C. Parker na Fort Smith, Arkansas; onye ọkaiwu United States bụ Ọkaiwu W. H. H. Clayton. A mara ya ikpe ma jee ozi ọnwa itoolu na Detroit House of Corrections na Detroit, Michigan. Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ nlereanya, n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o nwetara nkwanye ùgwù nke onye nlekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'ụzọ dị iche, Sam enweghị ike ịgbanwe ma kenye ya ọrụ ike. N'akụkọ na-emegiderịta onwe ya mgbe Marshal nwụchiri ya, &quot;Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ na-eme mkpọtụ na onye na-anaghị achịkwa achịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mullins|first=Jonita|title=Oklahoma Originals: Early Heroes, Heroines, Villains &amp; Vixens|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=9781467143523|location=Charleston, SC|pages=124–125|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1886, ọ gbanahụrụ ikpe maka ebubo ohi ọzọ, mana, na Disemba 17, Sam Starr sooro nwa nwanne ya nwoke, onye ọrụ iwu Frank West lụọ ọgụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.odmp.org/officer/14019-police-officer-frank-west|title=Police Officer Frank West, United States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Indian Affairs - Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Government|publisher=Officer Down Memorial Page|accessdate=2013-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ndị ikom abụọ ahụ, ndụ Belle dị ka eze nwanyị na-emebi iwu - na ihe bụ mmekọrịta kachasị obi ụtọ na ndụ ya - kwụsịrị na mberede na ọnwụ di ya.

N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga nke ndụ ya, asịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke nwere aha mara mma, gụnyere Jack Spaniard, Jim French na Blue Duck, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ lụrụ onye ikwu Sam Starr, Jim July, onye mechara bụrụ Jim July Starr, onye tọrọ ya ihe dị ka afọ iri na ise.

=== Ụmụaka ===
A mara Eddie Reed, nwa Belle, ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya na ịnata ihe onwunwe zuru ohi na Julaị 1889. Onyeikpe Parker zigara ya mkpọrọ na Columbus, Ohio. Ada Belle, Rosie Reed, nke a makwaara dị ka Pearl Starr, ghọrọ akwụna iji nweta ego maka ntọhapụ Eddie, wee nweta mgbaghara onyeisiala maka ya na 1893. Eddie ghọrọ osote onye isi ala na Fort Smith &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 17, 1896|title=Indian chieftain. (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, December 17, 1896, Image 2|work=Indian chieftain|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025010/1896-12-17/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=0}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma gbuo ụmụnne abụọ aha ha bụ Crittenden n'afọ 1895 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=Kansas City daily journal. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, December 16, 1896, Page 2, Image 2|work=Kansas City daily journal|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063624/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=14&amp;x=15&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ya n'onwe ya n'otu saloon dị na Claremore, Oklahoma na Disemba 14, afọ 1896. &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The San Francisco call. (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, December 16, 1896, Page 3, Image 3|work=The San Francisco call|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-3/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pearl na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ bordellos na Van Buren na Fort Smith, Arkansas, site na 1890s ruo Agha Ụwa Mbụ.

== Ogbugbu a na-edozighị edozi ==
E gburu Belle na Febụwarị 3, afọ 1889. Ọ nọ n'ụgbọala si n'ụlọ onye agbata obi ya laa mgbe e ji ụgbọ ịnyịnya ya daa, a gbagburu ya ọzọ iji jide n'aka na ọ nwụọla. Ọnwụ ya sitere na mmerụ ahụ egbe gbawara n'azụ na olu na n'ubu na ihu. Akụkọ ifo na-ekwu na e ji egbe nke ya nke nwere barel abụọ gbaa ya egbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dịka Frank &quot;Pistol Pete&quot; Eaton si kwuo, ọnwụ Belle bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Ọ nọ na-aga egwu. Frank Eaton bụ onye ikpeazụ ya na ya na-agba egwu, mgbe otu n'ime ndị na-ere ahịa ya, Edgar J. Watson, nke o doro anya na mmanya na-egbu ya, rịọrọ ka e nye ya egwu. Belle jụrụ, o mechara soro ya pụọ ​​n'egwu ahụ. Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị inye ịnyịnya ya ihe ọṅụṅụ n'otu iyi mmiri mgbe ọ na-alọta, ọ gbara ya egbe ma gbuo ya. Dịka Eaton si kwuo, a kpere Watson ikpe, maa ya ikpe, ma gbuo ya site n'ịkwụgbu ya maka igbu ọchụ ahụ.

Agbanyeghị, akụkọ ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ dịghị onye akaebe ọ bụla ma na ọ dịghị onye a mara ikpe maka ogbugbu ahụ. Ndị a na-enyo enyo nwere ebumnuche doro anya gụnyere di ọhụrụ ya, ụmụ ya abụọ, na Edgar Watson, n'ihi na ọ na-atụ egwu na ọ ga-enyefe ya n'aka ndị ọchịchị dị ka onye ogbu mmadụ gbapụrụ agbapụ si Florida na ọnụ ahịa ya n'isi. A kpụpụrụ Watson, onye e gburu na 1910, maka igbu ọchụ ya, mana a tọhapụla ya, mwakpo ahụ abanyela n'akụkọ ọdịda anyanwụ dị ka &quot;Enweghị ngwọta&quot;.

Otu akwụkwọ na-atụ aro na nwa ya nwoke, onye a na-ekwu na ọ kụrụ maka imegbu ịnyịnya ya ọ hụrụ n'anya, nwere ike ịbụ onye gburu ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.frontiertimes.com/outlaws/belle_starr.html|title=FrontierTimes - Outlaws - Belle Starr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== N'omenala a ma ama ==
[[Faịlụ:Woolaroc_-_Belle_Star_2.jpg|thumb|Ihe oyiyi nke Belle Starr na Woolaroc na Oklahoma]]

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye a na-amaghị ama na mpụga Texas n'ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya, akụkọ Belle ka akwụkwọ akụkọ na onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ National Police Gazette Richard K. Fox, onye mere ka aha ya bụrụ ihe a ma ama na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ Bella Starr, the Bandit Queen, ma ọ bụ Female Jesse James, nke e bipụtara na 1889 (afọ ogbugbu ya). A ka na-edepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ a dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme n'agbanyeghị ikikere nka ya na enweghị akụkọ ihe mere anya. Ọ bụ nke mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ akụkọ a ma ama jiri aha ya mee ihe.
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_jumping_bail,_illustration_from_The_National_Police_Gazette,_May_22,_1886.png|thumb|Belle Star, &quot;A Wild Western Amazon,&quot; dị ka egosiri na National Police Gazette, 1886]]

=== Ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri telivishọn ===

* Betty Compson gosipụtara ya na ihe nkiri na-adịghị ekwu okwu nke 1928 Court Martial .
* Na ihe nkiri Hopalong Cassidy nke 1938 Heart of Arizona, Natalie Moorhead gosipụtara ya.
* Sally Payne pụtara dị ka Belle Starr na Roy Rogers western Robin Hood of the Pecos (1941).
* Gene Tierney rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe nkiri Belle Starr (1941). O meghị ka ọ bụrụ eziokwu mana ọ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma, ọ mụbakwara mmasị Hollywood na agwa ahụ. N'ime ọgwụgwọ atọ a na-akọ n'ụzọ hà nhata, Isabel Jewell mere Starr na Badman's Territory (1946) na Belle Starr's Daughter (1948), Jane Russell mere ihe nkiri ahụ na ''Montana Belle'' (1952).&lt;ref name=&quot;NADW&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nwaonline.com/news/2023/mar/19/belle-starr-aka-bandit-queen-lived-colorful-life/|title=ARKANSAS A-Z: Belle Starr, aka 'Bandit Queen,' lived colorful life of crime|author=Hendricks|first=Nancy|work=[[Northwest Arkansas Democrat Gazette]]|date=March 19, 2023|accessdate=February 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319073354/https://www.nwaonline.com/news/2023/mar/19/belle-starr-aka-bandit-queen-lived-colorful-life/|archivedate=March 19, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9406E7DC143AE33BBC4852DFB7668382659EDE|title='Belle Starr's Daughter' Arrives at Globe|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 10, 1949|accessdate=February 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307085643/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9406E7DC143AE33BBC4852DFB7668382659EDE|archivedate=March 7, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/24683|title=Badman's Territory (1946)|work=[[American Film Institute]]|accessdate=February 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917224723/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/24683|archivedate=September 17, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1954, onye bụbu Miss Utah Marie Windsor mere Starr na ihe omume izizi nke usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn Jim Davis bụ Stories of the Century . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0710935/|title=Stories of the Century: &quot;Belle Starr&quot;, January 23, 1954|publisher=[[IMDb|Internet Movie Database]]|accessdate=September 16, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1957, Jeanne Cooper, onye mechara bụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, mere Belle Starr n'otu ihe omume nke Dale Robertson's Tales of Wells Fargo . N'ihe omume a, Starr na-akpọ onwe ya Mrs. Reed. A kpọtụrụ &quot;Hanging Judge&quot; Isaac C. Parker aha, ihe omume ahụ kpọtụrụ Starr ikpe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị mkpirikpi na ụlọ mkpọrọ dị na Detroit. N'afọ 1960, Cooper mere Belle Starr ọzọ n'otu ihe omume nke usoro TV ''Bronco'' nke akpọrọ &quot;Shadow of Jesse James&quot;.
* N'afọ 1959, Jean Willes gosipụtara Starr na ''Maverick'' episode &quot;Full House&quot; n'ihu James Garner.
* N'afọ 1960, Lynn Bari mere Belle na ihe omume izizi, nke akpọrọ &quot;Perilous Passage&quot;, nke NBC western Overland Trail.
* N'afọ 1961, Carole Mathews pụtara dị ka Belle na &quot;A Bullet for the D.A.&quot;, ihe omume nke Death Valley Days, nke Stanley Andrews kwadoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0556533/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_7|title=A Bullet for the D.A, ''Death Valley Days'', November 13, 1961|publisher=[[IMDb|Internet Movie Database]]|accessdate=February 25, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1965, Sally Starr, onye na-eme ihe nkiri telivishọn si Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, gosipụtara njirimara maka ọchị na ihe nkiri The Three Stooges The Outlaws Is Coming .
* N'afọ 1968, Elsa Martinelli pụtara dị ka Belle Starr na The Belle Starr Story, ihe nkiri ọdịda anyanwụ nke Lina Wertmüller duziri.
* N'afọ 1975, Brooke Tucker pụtara dị ka Belle Starr n'akụkụ Marty Ingels dị ka Billy the Kid na &quot;They Went Thataway&quot;, nke itoolu nke The Ghost Busters.
* N'afọ 1977, Florence Henderson pụtara dị ka Belle Starr na Storybook Squares, ụdị Hollywood Squares maka ụmụaka.
* Elizabeth Montgomery gosipụtara Belle na ihe nkiri telivishọn nke 1980 Belle Starr, nke Hanna-Barbera mere. &lt;ref name=&quot;NADW&quot; /&gt;
* Pamela Reed gosipụtara Belle Starr na ihe nkiri Hollywood nke 1980 The Long Riders . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Maslin|first=Janet|date=1980-05-16|title=Film: 'The Long Riders,' With Gangs of the West:Oh Brothers!|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/05/16/archives/film-the-long-riders-with-gangs-of-the-westoh-brothers.html|accessdate=2024-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1995, Melissa Clayton gosipụtara Belle Starr na oge nke atọ nke Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, n'otu ihe omume akpọrọ &quot;Baby Outlaws&quot;, dị ka onye omekome dị afọ iri na anọ nke na-adaba n'okpuru nlekọta nke ezigbo dọkịta na ezinụlọ ya. Ihe omume a na-ewere ọnọdụ na 1870, mgbe Belle ga-adị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ n'ezie.
* N'afọ 2007, onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'onwe ya bụ Ron Maxwell họọrọ ikike ihe nkiri maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Speer Morgan nke afọ 1979 bụ Belle Starr. Na mbipụta December 2008 nke Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture, a kpọtụrụ Maxwell aha dị ka onye nduzi nke ihe nkiri na-abịa nke akpọrọ Belle Starr.
* Ihe nkiri 2010 bụ ''Bass Reeves'' bụ akụkọ ifo nke ndụ onye ọka iwu bụ Bass Reeves, ọ na-egosikwa ihe ngosi nke Belle Starr.
* Na usoro 2013 Quick Draw! , akụkọ ifo banyere Belle Starr gosipụtara ya dị ka nwunye nwụrụ anwụ nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Sheriff John Henry Hoyle. A na-akpọ ya nwunye Cole Younger na Sam Starr. Arden Myrin pụtara na ihe omume abụọ dị ka Belle Starr, na [[Alexia Dox]] pụtara dị ka Pearl Starr dị ka usoro a na-eme mgbe niile.
* Ihe omume mmalite 2015 nke The Pinkertons gosipụtara Sheila Campbell dị ka Belle Carson na mbido ọrụ Belle dị ka onye omekome (nke a na-akọ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu, na aha Belle Starr dị ka onye ya na Jesse James na Kansas City).
* Amber Sweet na-eme Belle Starr na ihe nkiri 2019 Hell on the Border, nke Wes Miller dere ma duzie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://eu.swtimes.com/story/entertainment/local/2019/11/21/anticipation-grows-for-hell-on/2246590007/|title=Anticipation grows for 'Hell on the Border'|author=Smith|first=Scott|work=[[Southwest Times Record]]|date=November 11, 2019|accessdate=March 10, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310014351/https://www.swtimes.com/story/entertainment/local/2019/11/21/anticipation-grows-for-hell-on/2246590007/|archivedate=March 10, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akwụkwọ na egwu ===

* Woody Guthrie dere abụ akpọrọ &quot;Belle Starr&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://woodyguthrie.org/Lyrics/Belle_Starr.htm|title=Belle Starr lyrics by Woody Guthrie}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Margot Douaihy dere akwụkwọ docupoetry a na-akpọ &quot;Bandit/Queen: The Runaway Story of Belle Starr&quot; (2022), na-echepụta ndụ dị n'ime onye omekome ahụ, na-etinye Belle Starr dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-agba ọsọ, &quot;onye na-agbapụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bandit/Queen – Clemson University Press|url=https://libraries.clemson.edu/press/books/bandit-queen/|accessdate=2022-10-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Emmylou Harris na Mark Knopfler jikọrọ aka na 2006 All the Roadrunning gosipụtara egwu akpọrọ &quot;Belle Starr,&quot; nke Harris dere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/belle-starr-mt0005708378|title=Belle Starr|work=AllMusic}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sissy Spacek dere egwu &quot;Some Small Crime&quot; banyere Starr ma soro Levon Helm bụrụ ya na The Midnight Special na 1980. 
* A kpọtụrụ 'ghost of Belle Starr' aha na &quot;Tombstone Blues&quot; na album [[Bob Dylan]] bụ Highway 61 Revisited (1965). Dylan kpọtụrụ Belle Starr aha na okwu nke &quot;Seeing The Real You at Last&quot; na album Empire Burlesque (1985).
* Belle Starr (1979) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke onye edemede America na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Speer Morgan.
* The Legend of Belle Starr (1979) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Stoney Hardcastle dere.
* Ogbugbu a na-edozighị nke Belle Starr bụ ihe ndabere maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Douglas C. Jones The Search for Temperance Moon (1991). A na-egosipụta onye dabeere na Pearl Starr, nwa nwanyị Belle, dị ka onye nwe ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na Fort Smith, Arkansas.
* Onye edemede ọdịda anyanwụ Pulp J.T. Edson gosipụtara Belle Starr n'ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ya dị ka mmasị ịhụnanya nke Mark Counter, otu n'ime ndị isi atọ na usoro ahụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Edson Guns in the Night gosipụtara na e gburu Belle Starr mgbe ọ dị ime nwa Mark Counter nke mere na ndị otu Floating Outfit jidere onye gburu ya.
* Otu n'ime mgbanwe ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche nke akụkọ ifo nke Belle Starr bụ nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri manga nke Japan bụ Akihiro Ito mere, onye na 1993 mepụtara manga a maara dị ka Belle Starr Bandits, nke dabeere na akụkọ ihe mere eme, eziokwu na ihe omume. Ọ pụtara na manga Gun Blaze West site na Nobuhiro Watsuki, dị ka otu n'ime ndị otu J.J. (Jesse James).   
* Belle Starr pụtara dị ka caricature na 1995 Belle Starr album nke usoro ihe nkiri Lucky Luke, nke Morris sere ma Xavier Fauche dere.
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke afọ 2009 The Branch and the Scaffold nke Loren D. Estleman dere na-ekwu maka ndụ Belle Starr na mba ndị India ka ụzọ ya gafere nke Judge Isaac C. Parker.
* Akụkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Peter Mattheissen (The Killing of Mr. Watson Trilogy na ugbu a Shadow Country) gụnyere akụkọ banyere igbu Belle Starr nke E.J. Watson.
* Onye America na-agụ egwu obodo Michael Martin Murphey na-abụ abụ banyere ndụ Belle Starr n'abụ akpọrọ &quot;Belle Star&quot; na album ya ''Cowboy Songs III: Rhymes of the Renegades'' .
* Ndị otu Rival Sons dekọrọ egwu &quot;Belle Starr&quot; dị ka egwu nke asatọ na abọm ha nke afọ 2014, ''Great Western Valkyrie'' .
* Akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị nke Dick Wood dere na akụkọ ifo ya pụtara dị ka &quot;Belle Starr&quot; na Crime Does Not Pay #25.

=== Egwuregwu vidio ===

* Onye na-alụ ọgụ Belle na egwuregwu Brawl Stars dabeere na ya. Aha njikwa egwuregwu maka onye ọgụ ahụ bụ aha nna ya (Starr).
* Akara Black Belle na egwuregwu Red Dead Redemption 2 dabeere na Belle Starr.
* N'egwuregwu kaadị azụmaahịa a ma ama, Yu-Gi-Oh! , Monster Card, &quot;Magical Musketeer Starfire&quot; dabeere na Belle Starr.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke igbu ọchụ a na-edozighị edozi (tupu 1900) 

== Edensibịa ==

=== Akwụkwọ ===

* {{Cite book|author=Shirley|first=Glenn|title=Belle Starr and Her Times: The Literature, the Facts and the Legends|location=Norman|publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]]|year=1982|isbn=0-8061-2276-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_LjptHB5d30C}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Belle Starrsite naAkwụkwọ ntuziaka nke Texas Online
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070701142323/http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/star-bel.htm Akụkọ ndụ zuru ezu nke Belle Starr]
* Belle Starr, Isiokwu nke Richard D. Arnott
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091110053818/http://www.4dbios.com/F3-SBizCrims.html Akụkọ ndụ nke Belle Starr na 4dbios]
* Belle StarrnaChọta Ili
* STARR, MYRA MAYBELLE SHIRLEY (1848-1889) na Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and CultureEncyclopedia nke Oklahoma Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme na Ọdịbendị
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Myra Maybelle Shirley Reed Starr''' (February 5, 1848 - February 3, 1889), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Belle Starr, bụ onye America na-emebi iwu nke nwetara aha ọjọọ na mba ahụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rasmussen|first=Cecilia|date=2002-02-17|title=Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206230155/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archivedate=2019-12-06|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-akpakọrịta ya na James-Younger Gang na ndị omekome ndị ọzọ. A mara ya ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya n'afọ 1883. E gburu ya egbu n'afọ 1889 n'okwu nke a ka na-edozibeghị n'ihu ọha. Richard Kyle Fox mere ka akụkọ ya pụta ìhè, o mechara bụrụ onye a ma ama na telivishọn na ihe nkiri.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Belle Starr Myra Maybelle Shirley n'ugbo nna ya dị nso na Carthage, Missouri, na Febụwarị 5, 1848. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ezinụlọ ya kpọrọ ya May. Nna ya, John Shirley, nwere ọganihu n'ịzụ ọka wit, ọka, ezi na ịnyịnya, mana a na-ewere ya dị ka &quot;atụrụ ojii&quot; nke ezinụlọ Virginia bara ọgaranya kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Indiana, ebe ọ lụrụ di ma gbaa alụkwaghịm ugboro abụọ.&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation cites a broad range of pages. Page ranges should be limited to one or two pages when possible. (August 2025)&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Isi peeji sara mbara nke ukwuu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Nne ya, Elizabeth &quot;Eliza&quot; Hatfield Shirley, bụ nwunye nke atọ nke John Shirley na onye ikwu dị anya na Hatfields nke esemokwu ezinụlọ a ma ama .  N'afọ 1860, nna Belle rere ugbo ahụ wee kwaga ezinụlọ ya na Carthage, ebe ọ zụtara ụlọ anụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịkpụ ihe n'ámá obodo.

Myra Shirley gụrụ akwụkwọ na klasịk ma mụta piano, mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Carthage Female Academy nke Missouri, ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe nke nna ya nyeere aka ịchọta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agha Obodo na ihe ndị sochiri ya ==
N'oge Agha Obodo Amerịka, nwanne Myra nke tọrọ ya, John A. M. &quot;Bud&quot; Shirley, bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Jasper County, na-alụ ọgụ maka Confederacy. A maara Myra dị ka onye kwadoro nwanne ya nwoke n'ọrụ ndị a, ikekwe dị ka onye nledo, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ọtụtụ ihe gbasara nkọwa kpọmkwem. Ndị agha gọọmentị etiti gburu Bud na ngwụcha June afọ 1864. N'oge na-adịghị anya,&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;N'obi ya na-ajọ njọ maka ọnwụ Bud na azụmaahịa ya nke ohi na mbibi mebiri, [John Shirley] tụfuru ihe onwunwe ya, bufee ezinụlọ ya na ngwongwo ụlọ ya n'ime ụgbọala Conestoga abụọ, wee gawa Texas ... Ebe Shirley na-aga bụ Scyene, obere obodo nta dị kilomita iri na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Dallas. Myra [May], nwa nwanyị ji ọrụ n'aka, kwọọrọ otu n'ime ụgbọala ndị ahụ&quot;.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Dị ka akwụkwọ Belle Starr nke Burton Rascoe (Random House, 1941), si kwuo, &quot;A na-ewere ndị Shirley dị ka 'ndị a na-ahụkarị,' n'ihi na ha enweghị ndị ohu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rascoe|first=Burton|title=Belle Starr|publisher=Random House|year=1941|edition=1st|location=New York City|pages=113|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Myra bụ &quot;onye na-agaghị aga&quot; ma onye nkuzi Mrs. Poole weere ya dị ka &quot;onye na'ụzọ dị egwu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ndị ezinụlọ Reed kwagara Texas ma, dị ka ndekọ alụmdi na nwunye nke Collin County si kwuo, James C. Reed na Mira [''sic''] M. Shirley lụrụ n'ebe ahụ na Nọvemba 1, 1866. [9] Afọ abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ya, Rosie Lee (aha ya bụ Pearl). &lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Meier|first=Allison|date=3 April 2013|title=Belle Starr the Bandit Queen: How a Southern Girl Became a Legendary Western Outlaw|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/belle-starr-the-bandit-queen|journal=[[Atlas Obscura]]|accessdate=16 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Belle nwere ụdị ejiji siri ike mgbe niile, nke mere ka akụkọ ifo ya pụta ìhè. Dịka ọ na-eyi ihe na-agbawa agbawa, ọ na-eyi ákwà mkpuchi ụkwụ ojii mgbe ọ na-eyi uwe ịnyịnya ojii na okpu e ji nku nke nnụnụ mee, na-ebu egbe abụọ, nwere eriri katrij n'úkwù ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRasmussen2002&quot;&gt;Rasmussen, Cecilia (February 17, 2002). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html &quot;L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr&quot;]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306045246/http://articles.latimes.com/2002/feb/17/local/me-then17 Archived] from the original on March 6, 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;January 23,&lt;/span&gt; 2013&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Reed ghọrọ onye mpụ ma chọọ igbu ọchụ na Arkansas, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ahụ kwaga California, ebe a mụrụ nwa ha nke abụọ, James Edwin (Eddie), n'afọ 1871.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri Texas, Reed sonyeere ọtụtụ ndị omekome. Ọ bụ ezie na Reed na mbụ nwara ọrụ ugbo, obi gbawara ya, ma jikọta onwe ya na ezinụlọ Starr, ezinụlọ Cherokee a ma ama maka izu ohi wiski, ehi, na ịnyịnya na Indian Territory (nke bụ ugbu a Oklahoma), yana ndị otu James na Younger. Na Eprel 1874, n'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe akaebe ọ bụla, e nyere akwụkwọ ikike ijide Belle maka ohi ụgbọala site n'aka di ya na ndị ọzọ. E gburu Reed n'ọnwa Ọgọst nke afọ ahụ na Paris, Texas, ebe ọ biri na ezinụlọ ya.

== Alụmdi na nwunye na afọ ndị sochirinụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr,_Fort_Smith,_Arkansas,_1886.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Belle Starr, Fort Smith, Arkansas, 1886; nwoke nọ n'elu ịnyịnya ahụ bụ Osote Marshal nke U.S. Benjamin Tyner Hughes, onye ya na onye nwe ya, Osote Marshal nke U.S. Charles Barnhill, jidere ya na Younger's Bend na Mee afọ 1886 wee kpọta ya na Ft. Smith maka ikpe. ]]
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_and_Blue_Duck.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Blue Duck na Belle Starr, May 24, 1886.]]
A na-ekwu na Belle lụrụ Charles Younger, nwanne nna Cole Younger, ruo izu atọ n'afọ 1878, mana ihe akaebe ọ bụla egosighi na nke a bụ eziokwu. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-ekwu na ada Belle bụ Pearl Reed bụ n'ezie Pearl Younger, mana n'akụkọ ndụ Cole Younger (nke e hotara na &quot;Belle Starr na oge ya&quot; nke Glen Shirley dere), o wepụrụ nke ahụ dị ka ihe efu ma kwuo ihe ọ maara n'ezie banyere Belle.

N'afọ 1880, ọ lụrụ nwoke Cherokee aha ya bụ Sam Starr wee biri na ezinụlọ Starr na mpaghara India. Site na alụmdi na nwunye ya na Sam Starr, ọ bụ nwanne nne Henry Starr. Ọ mụtara ụzọ isi hazie, hazie, na ịgba ogige maka ndị ohi, ndị ohi ịnyịnya, na ndị na-ebu ụgbọala, yana ịchekwa ha n'aka iwu. Ụlọ ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke Belle gosipụtara uru zuru oke nke na ọ na-ewe ọrụ aka azụ iji tọhapụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya n'aka iwu mgbe ọ bụla ejidere ha.

N'afọ 1882, e boro Belle na Sam ebubo izu ohi ịnyịnya. Osote onye isi ala US bụ Lemuel Marks nyere ikike njide ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Belle Starr in the Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S., Criminal Case Files, 1866-1900|url=https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/6099198?mark=7b22746f6b656e223a222f44562f7636425277573036305353704564774a6c5533622b3177587952705a6146576b47644678354c6b3d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d|work=Ancestry.com|accessdate=5 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kpere ha abụọ ikpe n'ihu &quot;Onyeikpe Na-akwụnye Aka&quot; Isaac C. Parker na Fort Smith, Arkansas; onye ọkaiwu United States bụ Ọkaiwu W. H. H. Clayton. A mara ya ikpe ma jee ozi ọnwa itoolu na Detroit House of Corrections na Detroit, Michigan. Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ nlereanya, n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o nwetara nkwanye ùgwù nke onye nlekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'ụzọ dị iche, Sam enweghị ike ịgbanwe ma kenye ya ọrụ ike. N'akụkọ na-emegiderịta onwe ya mgbe Marshal nwụchiri ya, &quot;Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ na-eme mkpọtụ na onye na-anaghị achịkwa achịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mullins|first=Jonita|title=Oklahoma Originals: Early Heroes, Heroines, Villains &amp; Vixens|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=9781467143523|location=Charleston, SC|pages=124–125|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1886, ọ gbanahụrụ ikpe maka ebubo ohi ọzọ, mana, na Disemba 17, Sam Starr sooro nwa nwanne ya nwoke, onye ọrụ iwu Frank West lụọ ọgụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.odmp.org/officer/14019-police-officer-frank-west|title=Police Officer Frank West, United States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Indian Affairs - Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Government|publisher=Officer Down Memorial Page|accessdate=2013-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ndị ikom abụọ ahụ, ndụ Belle dị ka eze nwanyị na-emebi iwu - na ihe bụ mmekọrịta kachasị obi ụtọ na ndụ ya - kwụsịrị na mberede na ọnwụ di ya.

N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga nke ndụ ya, asịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke nwere aha mara mma, gụnyere Jack Spaniard, Jim French na Blue Duck, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ lụrụ onye ikwu Sam Starr, Jim July, onye mechara bụrụ Jim July Starr, onye tọrọ ya ihe dị ka afọ iri na ise.

=== Ụmụaka ===
A mara Eddie Reed, nwa Belle, ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya na ịnata ihe onwunwe zuru ohi na Julaị 1889. Onyeikpe Parker zigara ya mkpọrọ na Columbus, Ohio. Ada Belle, Rosie Reed, nke a makwaara dị ka Pearl Starr, ghọrọ akwụna iji nweta ego maka ntọhapụ Eddie, wee nweta mgbaghara onyeisiala maka ya na 1893. Eddie ghọrọ osote onye isi ala na Fort Smith &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 17, 1896|title=Indian chieftain. (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, December 17, 1896, Image 2|work=Indian chieftain|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025010/1896-12-17/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=0}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma gbuo ụmụnne abụọ aha ha bụ Crittenden n'afọ 1895 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=Kansas City daily journal. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, December 16, 1896, Page 2, Image 2|work=Kansas City daily journal|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063624/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=14&amp;x=15&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ya n'onwe ya n'otu saloon dị na Claremore, Oklahoma na Disemba 14, afọ 1896. &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The San Francisco call. (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, December 16, 1896, Page 3, Image 3|work=The San Francisco call|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-3/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pearl na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ bordellos na Van Buren na Fort Smith, Arkansas, site na 1890s ruo Agha Ụwa Mbụ.

== Ogbugbu a na-edozighị edozi ==
E gburu Belle na Febụwarị 3, afọ 1889. Ọ nọ n'ụgbọala si n'ụlọ onye agbata obi ya laa mgbe e ji ụgbọ ịnyịnya ya daa, a gbagburu ya ọzọ iji jide n'aka na ọ nwụọla. Ọnwụ ya sitere na mmerụ ahụ egbe gbawara n'azụ na olu na n'ubu na ihu. Akụkọ ifo na-ekwu na e ji egbe nke ya nke nwere barel abụọ gbaa ya egbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot; /&gt;

Dịka Frank &quot;Pistol Pete&quot; Eaton si kwuo, ọnwụ Belle bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Ọ nọ na-aga egwu. Frank Eaton bụ onye ikpeazụ ya na ya na-agba egwu, mgbe otu n'ime ndị na-ere ahịa ya, Edgar J. Watson, nke o doro anya na mmanya na-egbu ya, rịọrọ ka e nye ya egwu. Belle jụrụ, o mechara soro ya pụọ ​​n'egwu ahụ. Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị inye ịnyịnya ya ihe ọṅụṅụ n'otu iyi mmiri mgbe ọ na-alọta, ọ gbara ya egbe ma gbuo ya. Dịka Eaton si kwuo, a kpere Watson ikpe, maa ya ikpe, ma gbuo ya site n'ịkwụgbu ya maka igbu ọchụ ahụ.

Agbanyeghị, akụkọ ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ dịghị onye akaebe ọ bụla ma na ọ dịghị onye a mara ikpe maka ogbugbu ahụ. Ndị a na-enyo enyo nwere ebumnuche doro anya gụnyere di ọhụrụ ya, ụmụ ya abụọ, na Edgar Watson, n'ihi na ọ na-atụ egwu na ọ ga-enyefe ya n'aka ndị ọchịchị dị ka onye ogbu mmadụ gbapụrụ agbapụ si Florida na ọnụ ahịa ya n'isi. A kpụpụrụ Watson, onye e gburu na 1910, maka igbu ọchụ ya, mana a tọhapụla ya, mwakpo ahụ abanyela n'akụkọ ọdịda anyanwụ dị ka &quot;Enweghị ngwọta&quot;.

Otu akwụkwọ na-atụ aro na nwa ya nwoke, onye a na-ekwu na ọ kụrụ maka imegbu ịnyịnya ya ọ hụrụ n'anya, nwere ike ịbụ onye gburu ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.frontiertimes.com/outlaws/belle_starr.html|title=FrontierTimes - Outlaws - Belle Starr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== N'omenala a ma ama ==
[[Faịlụ:Woolaroc_-_Belle_Star_2.jpg|thumb|Ihe oyiyi nke Belle Starr na Woolaroc na Oklahoma]]

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye a na-amaghị ama na mpụga Texas n'ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya, akụkọ Belle ka akwụkwọ akụkọ na onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ National Police Gazette Richard K. Fox, onye mere ka aha ya bụrụ ihe a ma ama na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ Bella Starr, the Bandit Queen, ma ọ bụ Female Jesse James, nke e bipụtara na 1889 (afọ ogbugbu ya). A ka na-edepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ a dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme n'agbanyeghị ikikere nka ya na enweghị akụkọ ihe mere anya. Ọ bụ nke mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ akụkọ a ma ama jiri aha ya mee ihe.
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_jumping_bail,_illustration_from_The_National_Police_Gazette,_May_22,_1886.png|thumb|Belle Star, &quot;A Wild Western Amazon,&quot; dị ka egosiri na National Police Gazette, 1886]]

=== Ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri telivishọn ===

* Betty Compson gosipụtara ya na ihe nkiri na-adịghị ekwu okwu nke 1928 Court Martial .
* Na ihe nkiri Hopalong Cassidy nke 1938 Heart of Arizona, Natalie Moorhead gosipụtara ya.
* Sally Payne pụtara dị ka Belle Starr na Roy Rogers western Robin Hood of the Pecos (1941).
* Gene Tierney rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe nkiri Belle Starr (1941). O meghị ka ọ bụrụ eziokwu mana ọ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma, ọ mụbakwara mmasị Hollywood na agwa ahụ. N'ime ọgwụgwọ atọ a na-akọ n'ụzọ hà nhata, Isabel Jewell mere Starr na Badman's Territory (1946) na Belle Starr's Daughter (1948), Jane Russell mere ihe nkiri ahụ na ''Montana Belle'' (1952).&lt;ref name=&quot;NADW&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nwaonline.com/news/2023/mar/19/belle-starr-aka-bandit-queen-lived-colorful-life/|title=ARKANSAS A-Z: Belle Starr, aka 'Bandit Queen,' lived colorful life of crime|author=Hendricks|first=Nancy|work=[[Northwest Arkansas Democrat Gazette]]|date=March 19, 2023|accessdate=February 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319073354/https://www.nwaonline.com/news/2023/mar/19/belle-starr-aka-bandit-queen-lived-colorful-life/|archivedate=March 19, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9406E7DC143AE33BBC4852DFB7668382659EDE|title='Belle Starr's Daughter' Arrives at Globe|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 10, 1949|accessdate=February 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307085643/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9406E7DC143AE33BBC4852DFB7668382659EDE|archivedate=March 7, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/24683|title=Badman's Territory (1946)|work=[[American Film Institute]]|accessdate=February 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917224723/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/24683|archivedate=September 17, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1954, onye bụbu Miss Utah Marie Windsor mere Starr na ihe omume izizi nke usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn Jim Davis bụ Stories of the Century . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0710935/|title=Stories of the Century: &quot;Belle Starr&quot;, January 23, 1954|publisher=[[IMDb|Internet Movie Database]]|accessdate=September 16, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1957, Jeanne Cooper, onye mechara bụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, mere Belle Starr n'otu ihe omume nke Dale Robertson's Tales of Wells Fargo . N'ihe omume a, Starr na-akpọ onwe ya Mrs. Reed. A kpọtụrụ &quot;Hanging Judge&quot; Isaac C. Parker aha, ihe omume ahụ kpọtụrụ Starr ikpe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị mkpirikpi na ụlọ mkpọrọ dị na Detroit. N'afọ 1960, Cooper mere Belle Starr ọzọ n'otu ihe omume nke usoro TV ''Bronco'' nke akpọrọ &quot;Shadow of Jesse James&quot;.
* N'afọ 1959, Jean Willes gosipụtara Starr na ''Maverick'' episode &quot;Full House&quot; n'ihu James Garner.
* N'afọ 1960, Lynn Bari mere Belle na ihe omume izizi, nke akpọrọ &quot;Perilous Passage&quot;, nke NBC western Overland Trail.
* N'afọ 1961, Carole Mathews pụtara dị ka Belle na &quot;A Bullet for the D.A.&quot;, ihe omume nke Death Valley Days, nke Stanley Andrews kwadoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0556533/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_7|title=A Bullet for the D.A, ''Death Valley Days'', November 13, 1961|publisher=[[IMDb|Internet Movie Database]]|accessdate=February 25, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1965, Sally Starr, onye na-eme ihe nkiri telivishọn si Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, gosipụtara njirimara maka ọchị na ihe nkiri The Three Stooges The Outlaws Is Coming .
* N'afọ 1968, Elsa Martinelli pụtara dị ka Belle Starr na The Belle Starr Story, ihe nkiri ọdịda anyanwụ nke Lina Wertmüller duziri.
* N'afọ 1975, Brooke Tucker pụtara dị ka Belle Starr n'akụkụ Marty Ingels dị ka Billy the Kid na &quot;They Went Thataway&quot;, nke itoolu nke The Ghost Busters.
* N'afọ 1977, Florence Henderson pụtara dị ka Belle Starr na Storybook Squares, ụdị Hollywood Squares maka ụmụaka.
* Elizabeth Montgomery gosipụtara Belle na ihe nkiri telivishọn nke 1980 Belle Starr, nke Hanna-Barbera mere. &lt;ref name=&quot;NADW&quot; /&gt;
* Pamela Reed gosipụtara Belle Starr na ihe nkiri Hollywood nke 1980 The Long Riders . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Maslin|first=Janet|date=1980-05-16|title=Film: 'The Long Riders,' With Gangs of the West:Oh Brothers!|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/05/16/archives/film-the-long-riders-with-gangs-of-the-westoh-brothers.html|accessdate=2024-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1995, Melissa Clayton gosipụtara Belle Starr na oge nke atọ nke Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, n'otu ihe omume akpọrọ &quot;Baby Outlaws&quot;, dị ka onye omekome dị afọ iri na anọ nke na-adaba n'okpuru nlekọta nke ezigbo dọkịta na ezinụlọ ya. Ihe omume a na-ewere ọnọdụ na 1870, mgbe Belle ga-adị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ n'ezie.
* N'afọ 2007, onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'onwe ya bụ Ron Maxwell họọrọ ikike ihe nkiri maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Speer Morgan nke afọ 1979 bụ Belle Starr. Na mbipụta December 2008 nke Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture, a kpọtụrụ Maxwell aha dị ka onye nduzi nke ihe nkiri na-abịa nke akpọrọ Belle Starr.
* Ihe nkiri 2010 bụ ''Bass Reeves'' bụ akụkọ ifo nke ndụ onye ọka iwu bụ Bass Reeves, ọ na-egosikwa ihe ngosi nke Belle Starr.
* Na usoro 2013 Quick Draw! , akụkọ ifo banyere Belle Starr gosipụtara ya dị ka nwunye nwụrụ anwụ nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Sheriff John Henry Hoyle. A na-akpọ ya nwunye Cole Younger na Sam Starr. Arden Myrin pụtara na ihe omume abụọ dị ka Belle Starr, na [[Alexia Dox]] pụtara dị ka Pearl Starr dị ka usoro a na-eme mgbe niile.
* Ihe omume mmalite 2015 nke The Pinkertons gosipụtara Sheila Campbell dị ka Belle Carson na mbido ọrụ Belle dị ka onye omekome (nke a na-akọ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu, na aha Belle Starr dị ka onye ya na Jesse James na Kansas City).
* Amber Sweet na-eme Belle Starr na ihe nkiri 2019 Hell on the Border, nke Wes Miller dere ma duzie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://eu.swtimes.com/story/entertainment/local/2019/11/21/anticipation-grows-for-hell-on/2246590007/|title=Anticipation grows for 'Hell on the Border'|author=Smith|first=Scott|work=[[Southwest Times Record]]|date=November 11, 2019|accessdate=March 10, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310014351/https://www.swtimes.com/story/entertainment/local/2019/11/21/anticipation-grows-for-hell-on/2246590007/|archivedate=March 10, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akwụkwọ na egwu ===

* Woody Guthrie dere abụ akpọrọ &quot;Belle Starr&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://woodyguthrie.org/Lyrics/Belle_Starr.htm|title=Belle Starr lyrics by Woody Guthrie}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Margot Douaihy dere akwụkwọ docupoetry a na-akpọ &quot;Bandit/Queen: The Runaway Story of Belle Starr&quot; (2022), na-echepụta ndụ dị n'ime onye omekome ahụ, na-etinye Belle Starr dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-agba ọsọ, &quot;onye na-agbapụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bandit/Queen – Clemson University Press|url=https://libraries.clemson.edu/press/books/bandit-queen/|accessdate=2022-10-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Emmylou Harris na Mark Knopfler jikọrọ aka na 2006 All the Roadrunning gosipụtara egwu akpọrọ &quot;Belle Starr,&quot; nke Harris dere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/belle-starr-mt0005708378|title=Belle Starr|work=AllMusic}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sissy Spacek dere egwu &quot;Some Small Crime&quot; banyere Starr ma soro Levon Helm bụrụ ya na The Midnight Special na 1980. 
* A kpọtụrụ 'ghost of Belle Starr' aha na &quot;Tombstone Blues&quot; na album [[Bob Dylan]] bụ Highway 61 Revisited (1965). Dylan kpọtụrụ Belle Starr aha na okwu nke &quot;Seeing The Real You at Last&quot; na album Empire Burlesque (1985).
* Belle Starr (1979) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke onye edemede America na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Speer Morgan.
* The Legend of Belle Starr (1979) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Stoney Hardcastle dere.
* Ogbugbu a na-edozighị nke Belle Starr bụ ihe ndabere maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Douglas C. Jones The Search for Temperance Moon (1991). A na-egosipụta onye dabeere na Pearl Starr, nwa nwanyị Belle, dị ka onye nwe ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na Fort Smith, Arkansas.
* Onye edemede ọdịda anyanwụ Pulp J.T. Edson gosipụtara Belle Starr n'ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ya dị ka mmasị ịhụnanya nke Mark Counter, otu n'ime ndị isi atọ na usoro ahụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Edson Guns in the Night gosipụtara na e gburu Belle Starr mgbe ọ dị ime nwa Mark Counter nke mere na ndị otu Floating Outfit jidere onye gburu ya.
* Otu n'ime mgbanwe ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche nke akụkọ ifo nke Belle Starr bụ nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri manga nke Japan bụ Akihiro Ito mere, onye na 1993 mepụtara manga a maara dị ka Belle Starr Bandits, nke dabeere na akụkọ ihe mere eme, eziokwu na ihe omume. Ọ pụtara na manga Gun Blaze West site na Nobuhiro Watsuki, dị ka otu n'ime ndị otu J.J. (Jesse James).   
* Belle Starr pụtara dị ka caricature na 1995 Belle Starr album nke usoro ihe nkiri Lucky Luke, nke Morris sere ma Xavier Fauche dere.
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke afọ 2009 The Branch and the Scaffold nke Loren D. Estleman dere na-ekwu maka ndụ Belle Starr na mba ndị India ka ụzọ ya gafere nke Judge Isaac C. Parker.
* Akụkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Peter Mattheissen (The Killing of Mr. Watson Trilogy na ugbu a Shadow Country) gụnyere akụkọ banyere igbu Belle Starr nke E.J. Watson.
* Onye America na-agụ egwu obodo Michael Martin Murphey na-abụ abụ banyere ndụ Belle Starr n'abụ akpọrọ &quot;Belle Star&quot; na album ya ''Cowboy Songs III: Rhymes of the Renegades'' .
* Ndị otu Rival Sons dekọrọ egwu &quot;Belle Starr&quot; dị ka egwu nke asatọ na abọm ha nke afọ 2014, ''Great Western Valkyrie'' .
* Akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị nke Dick Wood dere na akụkọ ifo ya pụtara dị ka &quot;Belle Starr&quot; na Crime Does Not Pay #25.

=== Egwuregwu vidio ===

* Onye na-alụ ọgụ Belle na egwuregwu Brawl Stars dabeere na ya. Aha njikwa egwuregwu maka onye ọgụ ahụ bụ aha nna ya (Starr).
* Akara Black Belle na egwuregwu Red Dead Redemption 2 dabeere na Belle Starr.
* N'egwuregwu kaadị azụmaahịa a ma ama, Yu-Gi-Oh! , Monster Card, &quot;Magical Musketeer Starfire&quot; dabeere na Belle Starr.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke igbu ọchụ a na-edozighị edozi (tupu 1900) 

== Edensibịa ==

=== Akwụkwọ ===

* {{Cite book|author=Shirley|first=Glenn|title=Belle Starr and Her Times: The Literature, the Facts and the Legends|location=Norman|publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]]|year=1982|isbn=0-8061-2276-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_LjptHB5d30C}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Belle Starrsite naAkwụkwọ ntuziaka nke Texas Online
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070701142323/http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/star-bel.htm Akụkọ ndụ zuru ezu nke Belle Starr]
* Belle Starr, Isiokwu nke Richard D. Arnott
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091110053818/http://www.4dbios.com/F3-SBizCrims.html Akụkọ ndụ nke Belle Starr na 4dbios]
* Belle StarrnaChọta Ili
* STARR, MYRA MAYBELLE SHIRLEY (1848-1889) na Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and CultureEncyclopedia nke Oklahoma Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme na Ọdịbendị
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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{{Databox}}     

'''Myra Maybelle Shirley Reed Starr''' (February 5, 1848 - February 3, 1889), nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Belle Starr, bụ onye America na-emebi iwu nke nwetara aha ọjọọ na mba ahụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rasmussen|first=Cecilia|date=2002-02-17|title=Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206230155/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|archivedate=2019-12-06|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-akpakọrịta ya na James-Younger Gang na ndị omekome ndị ọzọ. A mara ya ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya n'afọ 1883. E gburu ya egbu n'afọ 1889 n'okwu nke a ka na-edozibeghị n'ihu ọha. Richard Kyle Fox mere ka akụkọ ya pụta ìhè, o mechara bụrụ onye a ma ama na telivishọn na ihe nkiri.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Belle Starr Myra Maybelle Shirley n'ugbo nna ya dị nso na Carthage, Missouri, na Febụwarị 5, 1848. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ezinụlọ ya kpọrọ ya May. Nna ya, John Shirley, nwere ọganihu n'ịzụ ọka wit, ọka, ezi na ịnyịnya, mana a na-ewere ya dị ka &quot;atụrụ ojii&quot; nke ezinụlọ Virginia bara ọgaranya kwagara n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na Indiana, ebe ọ lụrụ di ma gbaa alụkwaghịm ugboro abụọ.&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This citation cites a broad range of pages. Page ranges should be limited to one or two pages when possible. (August 2025)&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;Isi peeji sara mbara nke ukwuu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Nne ya, Elizabeth &quot;Eliza&quot; Hatfield Shirley, bụ nwunye nke atọ nke John Shirley na onye ikwu dị anya na Hatfields nke esemokwu ezinụlọ a ma ama .  N'afọ 1860, nna Belle rere ugbo ahụ wee kwaga ezinụlọ ya na Carthage, ebe ọ zụtara ụlọ anụ ụlọ na ụlọ ọrụ ịkpụ ihe n'ámá obodo.

Myra Shirley gụrụ akwụkwọ na klasịk ma mụta piano, mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Carthage Female Academy nke Missouri, ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe nke nna ya nyeere aka ịchọta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-feb-17-me-then17-story.html|first=Cecilia|author=Rasmussen|date=February 17, 2002|title=L.A. Then and Now: Truth Dims the Legend of Outlaw Queen Belle Starr|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=23 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agha Obodo na ihe ndị sochiri ya ==
N'oge Agha Obodo Amerịka, nwanne Myra nke tọrọ ya, John A. M. &quot;Bud&quot; Shirley, bụ onye na-arụsi ọrụ ike na Jasper County, na-alụ ọgụ maka Confederacy. A maara Myra dị ka onye kwadoro nwanne ya nwoke n'ọrụ ndị a, ikekwe dị ka onye nledo, ọ bụ ezie na a maghị ọtụtụ ihe gbasara nkọwa kpọmkwem. Ndị agha gọọmentị etiti gburu Bud na ngwụcha June afọ 1864. N'oge na-adịghị anya,&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;N'obi ya na-ajọ njọ maka ọnwụ Bud na azụmaahịa ya nke ohi na mbibi mebiri, [John Shirley] tụfuru ihe onwunwe ya, bufee ezinụlọ ya na ngwongwo ụlọ ya n'ime ụgbọala Conestoga abụọ, wee gawa Texas ... Ebe Shirley na-aga bụ Scyene, obere obodo nta dị kilomita iri na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Dallas. Myra [May], nwa nwanyị ji ọrụ n'aka, kwọọrọ otu n'ime ụgbọala ndị ahụ&quot;.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Dị ka akwụkwọ Belle Starr nke Burton Rascoe (Random House, 1941), si kwuo, &quot;A na-ewere ndị Shirley dị ka 'ndị a na-ahụkarị,' n'ihi na ha enweghị ndị ohu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rascoe|first=Burton|title=Belle Starr|publisher=Random House|year=1941|edition=1st|location=New York City|pages=113|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ha nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Myra bụ &quot;onye na-agaghị aga&quot; ma onye nkuzi Mrs. Poole weere ya dị ka &quot;onye na'ụzọ dị egwu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ndị ezinụlọ Reed kwagara Texas ma, dị ka ndekọ alụmdi na nwunye nke Collin County si kwuo, James C. Reed na Mira [''sic''] M. Shirley lụrụ n'ebe ahụ na Nọvemba 1, 1866. [9] Afọ abụọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ mụrụ nwa mbụ ya, Rosie Lee (aha ya bụ Pearl). &lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Meier|first=Allison|date=3 April 2013|title=Belle Starr the Bandit Queen: How a Southern Girl Became a Legendary Western Outlaw|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/belle-starr-the-bandit-queen|journal=[[Atlas Obscura]]|accessdate=16 May 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Belle nwere ụdị ejiji siri ike mgbe niile, nke mere ka akụkọ ifo ya pụta ìhè. Dịka ọ na-eyi ihe na-agbawa agbawa, ọ na-eyi ákwà mkpuchi ụkwụ ojii mgbe ọ na-eyi uwe ịnyịnya ojii na okpu e ji nku nke nnụnụ mee, na-ebu egbe abụọ, nwere eriri katrij n'úkwù ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot; /&gt; Reed ghọrọ onye mpụ ma chọọ igbu ọchụ na Arkansas, nke mere ka ezinụlọ ahụ kwaga California, ebe a mụrụ nwa ha nke abụọ, James Edwin (Eddie), n'afọ 1871.&lt;ref name=&quot;Meier&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe ọ laghachiri Texas, Reed sonyeere ọtụtụ ndị omekome. Ọ bụ ezie na Reed na mbụ nwara ọrụ ugbo, obi gbawara ya, ma jikọta onwe ya na ezinụlọ Starr, ezinụlọ Cherokee a ma ama maka izu ohi wiski, ehi, na ịnyịnya na Indian Territory (nke bụ ugbu a Oklahoma), yana ndị otu James na Younger. Na Eprel 1874, n'agbanyeghị enweghị ihe akaebe ọ bụla, e nyere akwụkwọ ikike ijide Belle maka ohi ụgbọala site n'aka di ya na ndị ọzọ. E gburu Reed n'ọnwa Ọgọst nke afọ ahụ na Paris, Texas, ebe ọ biri na ezinụlọ ya.

== Alụmdi na nwunye na afọ ndị sochirinụ ==
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr,_Fort_Smith,_Arkansas,_1886.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Belle Starr, Fort Smith, Arkansas, 1886; nwoke nọ n'elu ịnyịnya ahụ bụ Osote Marshal nke U.S. Benjamin Tyner Hughes, onye ya na onye nwe ya, Osote Marshal nke U.S. Charles Barnhill, jidere ya na Younger's Bend na Mee afọ 1886 wee kpọta ya na Ft. Smith maka ikpe. ]]
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_and_Blue_Duck.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Blue Duck na Belle Starr, May 24, 1886.]]
A na-ekwu na Belle lụrụ Charles Younger, nwanne nna Cole Younger, ruo izu atọ n'afọ 1878, mana ihe akaebe ọ bụla egosighi na nke a bụ eziokwu. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị a na-ekwu na ada Belle bụ Pearl Reed bụ n'ezie Pearl Younger, mana n'akụkọ ndụ Cole Younger (nke e hotara na &quot;Belle Starr na oge ya&quot; nke Glen Shirley dere), o wepụrụ nke ahụ dị ka ihe efu ma kwuo ihe ọ maara n'ezie banyere Belle.

N'afọ 1880, ọ lụrụ nwoke Cherokee aha ya bụ Sam Starr wee biri na ezinụlọ Starr na mpaghara India. Site na alụmdi na nwunye ya na Sam Starr, ọ bụ nwanne nne Henry Starr. Ọ mụtara ụzọ isi hazie, hazie, na ịgba ogige maka ndị ohi, ndị ohi ịnyịnya, na ndị na-ebu ụgbọala, yana ịchekwa ha n'aka iwu. Ụlọ ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị nke Belle gosipụtara uru zuru oke nke na ọ na-ewe ọrụ aka azụ iji tọhapụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya n'aka iwu mgbe ọ bụla ejidere ha.

N'afọ 1882, e boro Belle na Sam ebubo izu ohi ịnyịnya. Osote onye isi ala US bụ Lemuel Marks nyere ikike njide ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Belle Starr in the Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S., Criminal Case Files, 1866-1900|url=https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/6099198?mark=7b22746f6b656e223a222f44562f7636425277573036305353704564774a6c5533622b3177587952705a6146576b47644678354c6b3d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d|work=Ancestry.com|accessdate=5 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kpere ha abụọ ikpe n'ihu &quot;Onyeikpe Na-akwụnye Aka&quot; Isaac C. Parker na Fort Smith, Arkansas; onye ọkaiwu United States bụ Ọkaiwu W. H. H. Clayton. A mara ya ikpe ma jee ozi ọnwa itoolu na Detroit House of Corrections na Detroit, Michigan. Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ nlereanya, n'oge ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, o nwetara nkwanye ùgwù nke onye nlekọta ụlọ mkpọrọ. N'ụzọ dị iche, Sam enweghị ike ịgbanwe ma kenye ya ọrụ ike. N'akụkọ na-emegiderịta onwe ya mgbe Marshal nwụchiri ya, &quot;Belle gosipụtara na ọ bụ onye mkpọrọ na-eme mkpọtụ na onye na-anaghị achịkwa achịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mullins|first=Jonita|title=Oklahoma Originals: Early Heroes, Heroines, Villains &amp; Vixens|publisher=The History Press|year=2019|isbn=9781467143523|location=Charleston, SC|pages=124–125|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1886, ọ gbanahụrụ ikpe maka ebubo ohi ọzọ, mana, na Disemba 17, Sam Starr sooro nwa nwanne ya nwoke, onye ọrụ iwu Frank West lụọ ọgụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.odmp.org/officer/14019-police-officer-frank-west|title=Police Officer Frank West, United States Department of the Interior - Bureau of Indian Affairs - Division of Law Enforcement, U.S. Government|publisher=Officer Down Memorial Page|accessdate=2013-01-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ndị ikom abụọ ahụ, ndụ Belle dị ka eze nwanyị na-emebi iwu - na ihe bụ mmekọrịta kachasị obi ụtọ na ndụ ya - kwụsịrị na mberede na ọnwụ di ya.

N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga nke ndụ ya, asịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke nwere aha mara mma, gụnyere Jack Spaniard, Jim French na Blue Duck, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ lụrụ onye ikwu Sam Starr, Jim July, onye mechara bụrụ Jim July Starr, onye tọrọ ya ihe dị ka afọ iri na ise.

=== Ụmụaka ===
A mara Eddie Reed, nwa Belle, ikpe maka izu ohi ịnyịnya na ịnata ihe onwunwe zuru ohi na Julaị 1889. Onyeikpe Parker zigara ya mkpọrọ na Columbus, Ohio. Ada Belle, Rosie Reed, nke a makwaara dị ka Pearl Starr, ghọrọ akwụna iji nweta ego maka ntọhapụ Eddie, wee nweta mgbaghara onyeisiala maka ya na 1893. Eddie ghọrọ osote onye isi ala na Fort Smith &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 17, 1896|title=Indian chieftain. (Vinita, Indian Territory [Okla.]) 1882-1902, December 17, 1896, Image 2|work=Indian chieftain|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025010/1896-12-17/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=0}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma gbuo ụmụnne abụọ aha ha bụ Crittenden n'afọ 1895 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; .&lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=Kansas City daily journal. (Kansas City, Mo.) 1892-1897, December 16, 1896, Page 2, Image 2|work=Kansas City daily journal|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063624/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-2/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=14&amp;x=15&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gburu ya n'onwe ya n'otu saloon dị na Claremore, Oklahoma na Disemba 14, afọ 1896. &lt;ref name=&quot;chroniclingamerica.loc.gov&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Reed p.2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The San Francisco call. (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913, December 16, 1896, Page 3, Image 3|work=The San Francisco call|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-3/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 16, 1896|title=The Wichita daily eagle. (Wichita, Kan.) 1890-1906, December 16, 1896, Page 6, Image 6|work=The Wichita daily eagle|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014635/1896-12-16/ed-1/seq-6/;words=Ed+Reed?date1=1896&amp;rows=20&amp;searchType=basic&amp;state=&amp;date2=1896&amp;proxtext=Ed+Reed&amp;y=6&amp;x=21&amp;dateFilterType=yearRange&amp;index=14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pearl na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ bordellos na Van Buren na Fort Smith, Arkansas, site na 1890s ruo Agha Ụwa Mbụ.

== Ogbugbu a na-edozighị edozi ==
E gburu Belle na Febụwarị 3, afọ 1889. Ọ nọ n'ụgbọala si n'ụlọ onye agbata obi ya laa mgbe e ji ụgbọ ịnyịnya ya daa, a gbagburu ya ọzọ iji jide n'aka na ọ nwụọla. Ọnwụ ya sitere na mmerụ ahụ egbe gbawara n'azụ na olu na n'ubu na ihu. Akụkọ ifo na-ekwu na e ji egbe nke ya nke nwere barel abụọ gbaa ya egbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rasmussen&quot; /&gt;

Dịka Frank &quot;Pistol Pete&quot; Eaton si kwuo, ọnwụ Belle bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Ọ nọ na-aga egwu. Frank Eaton bụ onye ikpeazụ ya na ya na-agba egwu, mgbe otu n'ime ndị na-ere ahịa ya, Edgar J. Watson, nke o doro anya na mmanya na-egbu ya, rịọrọ ka e nye ya egwu. Belle jụrụ, o mechara soro ya pụọ ​​n'egwu ahụ. Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị inye ịnyịnya ya ihe ọṅụṅụ n'otu iyi mmiri mgbe ọ na-alọta, ọ gbara ya egbe ma gbuo ya. Dịka Eaton si kwuo, a kpere Watson ikpe, maa ya ikpe, ma gbuo ya site n'ịkwụgbu ya maka igbu ọchụ ahụ.

Agbanyeghị, akụkọ ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ dịghị onye akaebe ọ bụla ma na ọ dịghị onye a mara ikpe maka ogbugbu ahụ. Ndị a na-enyo enyo nwere ebumnuche doro anya gụnyere di ọhụrụ ya, ụmụ ya abụọ, na Edgar Watson, n'ihi na ọ na-atụ egwu na ọ ga-enyefe ya n'aka ndị ọchịchị dị ka onye ogbu mmadụ gbapụrụ agbapụ si Florida na ọnụ ahịa ya n'isi. A kpụpụrụ Watson, onye e gburu na 1910, maka igbu ọchụ ya, mana a tọhapụla ya, mwakpo ahụ abanyela n'akụkọ ọdịda anyanwụ dị ka &quot;Enweghị ngwọta&quot;.

Otu akwụkwọ na-atụ aro na nwa ya nwoke, onye a na-ekwu na ọ kụrụ maka imegbu ịnyịnya ya ọ hụrụ n'anya, nwere ike ịbụ onye gburu ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.frontiertimes.com/outlaws/belle_starr.html|title=FrontierTimes - Outlaws - Belle Starr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== N'omenala a ma ama ==
[[Faịlụ:Woolaroc_-_Belle_Star_2.jpg|thumb|Ihe oyiyi nke Belle Starr na Woolaroc na Oklahoma]]

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ onye a na-amaghị ama na mpụga Texas n'ihe ka ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya, akụkọ Belle ka akwụkwọ akụkọ na onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ National Police Gazette Richard K. Fox, onye mere ka aha ya bụrụ ihe a ma ama na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya bụ Bella Starr, the Bandit Queen, ma ọ bụ Female Jesse James, nke e bipụtara na 1889 (afọ ogbugbu ya). A ka na-edepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ a dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme n'agbanyeghị ikikere nka ya na enweghị akụkọ ihe mere anya. Ọ bụ nke mbụ n'ime ọtụtụ akụkọ a ma ama jiri aha ya mee ihe.
[[Faịlụ:Belle_Starr_jumping_bail,_illustration_from_The_National_Police_Gazette,_May_22,_1886.png|thumb|Belle Star, &quot;A Wild Western Amazon,&quot; dị ka egosiri na National Police Gazette, 1886]]

=== Ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri telivishọn ===

* Betty Compson gosipụtara ya na ihe nkiri na-adịghị ekwu okwu nke 1928 Court Martial .
* Na ihe nkiri Hopalong Cassidy nke 1938 Heart of Arizona, Natalie Moorhead gosipụtara ya.
* Sally Payne pụtara dị ka Belle Starr na Roy Rogers western Robin Hood of the Pecos (1941).
* Gene Tierney rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe nkiri Belle Starr (1941). O meghị ka ọ bụrụ eziokwu mana ọ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma, ọ mụbakwara mmasị Hollywood na agwa ahụ. N'ime ọgwụgwọ atọ a na-akọ n'ụzọ hà nhata, Isabel Jewell mere Starr na Badman's Territory (1946) na Belle Starr's Daughter (1948), Jane Russell mere ihe nkiri ahụ na ''Montana Belle'' (1952).&lt;ref name=&quot;NADW&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nwaonline.com/news/2023/mar/19/belle-starr-aka-bandit-queen-lived-colorful-life/|title=ARKANSAS A-Z: Belle Starr, aka 'Bandit Queen,' lived colorful life of crime|author=Hendricks|first=Nancy|work=[[Northwest Arkansas Democrat Gazette]]|date=March 19, 2023|accessdate=February 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319073354/https://www.nwaonline.com/news/2023/mar/19/belle-starr-aka-bandit-queen-lived-colorful-life/|archivedate=March 19, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9406E7DC143AE33BBC4852DFB7668382659EDE|title='Belle Starr's Daughter' Arrives at Globe|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 10, 1949|accessdate=February 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307085643/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9406E7DC143AE33BBC4852DFB7668382659EDE|archivedate=March 7, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/24683|title=Badman's Territory (1946)|work=[[American Film Institute]]|accessdate=February 25, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917224723/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/24683|archivedate=September 17, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1954, onye bụbu Miss Utah Marie Windsor mere Starr na ihe omume izizi nke usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn Jim Davis bụ Stories of the Century . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0710935/|title=Stories of the Century: &quot;Belle Starr&quot;, January 23, 1954|publisher=[[IMDb|Internet Movie Database]]|accessdate=September 16, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1957, Jeanne Cooper, onye mechara bụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri, mere Belle Starr n'otu ihe omume nke Dale Robertson's Tales of Wells Fargo . N'ihe omume a, Starr na-akpọ onwe ya Mrs. Reed. A kpọtụrụ &quot;Hanging Judge&quot; Isaac C. Parker aha, ihe omume ahụ kpọtụrụ Starr ikpe n'ụlọ mkpọrọ dị mkpirikpi na ụlọ mkpọrọ dị na Detroit. N'afọ 1960, Cooper mere Belle Starr ọzọ n'otu ihe omume nke usoro TV ''Bronco'' nke akpọrọ &quot;Shadow of Jesse James&quot;.
* N'afọ 1959, Jean Willes gosipụtara Starr na ''Maverick'' episode &quot;Full House&quot; n'ihu James Garner.
* N'afọ 1960, Lynn Bari mere Belle na ihe omume izizi, nke akpọrọ &quot;Perilous Passage&quot;, nke NBC western Overland Trail.
* N'afọ 1961, Carole Mathews pụtara dị ka Belle na &quot;A Bullet for the D.A.&quot;, ihe omume nke Death Valley Days, nke Stanley Andrews kwadoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0556533/?ref_=nm_flmg_act_7|title=A Bullet for the D.A, ''Death Valley Days'', November 13, 1961|publisher=[[IMDb|Internet Movie Database]]|accessdate=February 25, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1965, Sally Starr, onye na-eme ihe nkiri telivishọn si Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, gosipụtara njirimara maka ọchị na ihe nkiri The Three Stooges The Outlaws Is Coming .
* N'afọ 1968, Elsa Martinelli pụtara dị ka Belle Starr na The Belle Starr Story, ihe nkiri ọdịda anyanwụ nke Lina Wertmüller duziri.
* N'afọ 1975, Brooke Tucker pụtara dị ka Belle Starr n'akụkụ Marty Ingels dị ka Billy the Kid na &quot;They Went Thataway&quot;, nke itoolu nke The Ghost Busters.
* N'afọ 1977, Florence Henderson pụtara dị ka Belle Starr na Storybook Squares, ụdị Hollywood Squares maka ụmụaka.
* Elizabeth Montgomery gosipụtara Belle na ihe nkiri telivishọn nke 1980 Belle Starr, nke Hanna-Barbera mere. &lt;ref name=&quot;NADW&quot; /&gt;
* Pamela Reed gosipụtara Belle Starr na ihe nkiri Hollywood nke 1980 The Long Riders . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Maslin|first=Janet|date=1980-05-16|title=Film: 'The Long Riders,' With Gangs of the West:Oh Brothers!|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/05/16/archives/film-the-long-riders-with-gangs-of-the-westoh-brothers.html|accessdate=2024-02-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* N'afọ 1995, Melissa Clayton gosipụtara Belle Starr na oge nke atọ nke Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, n'otu ihe omume akpọrọ &quot;Baby Outlaws&quot;, dị ka onye omekome dị afọ iri na anọ nke na-adaba n'okpuru nlekọta nke ezigbo dọkịta na ezinụlọ ya. Ihe omume a na-ewere ọnọdụ na 1870, mgbe Belle ga-adị afọ iri abụọ na abụọ n'ezie.
* N'afọ 2007, onye na-eme ihe nkiri n'onwe ya bụ Ron Maxwell họọrọ ikike ihe nkiri maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Speer Morgan nke afọ 1979 bụ Belle Starr. Na mbipụta December 2008 nke Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture, a kpọtụrụ Maxwell aha dị ka onye nduzi nke ihe nkiri na-abịa nke akpọrọ Belle Starr.
* Ihe nkiri 2010 bụ ''Bass Reeves'' bụ akụkọ ifo nke ndụ onye ọka iwu bụ Bass Reeves, ọ na-egosikwa ihe ngosi nke Belle Starr.
* Na usoro 2013 Quick Draw! , akụkọ ifo banyere Belle Starr gosipụtara ya dị ka nwunye nwụrụ anwụ nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri Sheriff John Henry Hoyle. A na-akpọ ya nwunye Cole Younger na Sam Starr. Arden Myrin pụtara na ihe omume abụọ dị ka Belle Starr, na [[Alexia Dox]] pụtara dị ka Pearl Starr dị ka usoro a na-eme mgbe niile.
* Ihe omume mmalite 2015 nke The Pinkertons gosipụtara Sheila Campbell dị ka Belle Carson na mbido ọrụ Belle dị ka onye omekome (nke a na-akọ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu, na aha Belle Starr dị ka onye ya na Jesse James na Kansas City).
* Amber Sweet na-eme Belle Starr na ihe nkiri 2019 Hell on the Border, nke Wes Miller dere ma duzie.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://eu.swtimes.com/story/entertainment/local/2019/11/21/anticipation-grows-for-hell-on/2246590007/|title=Anticipation grows for 'Hell on the Border'|author=Smith|first=Scott|work=[[Southwest Times Record]]|date=November 11, 2019|accessdate=March 10, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240310014351/https://www.swtimes.com/story/entertainment/local/2019/11/21/anticipation-grows-for-hell-on/2246590007/|archivedate=March 10, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akwụkwọ na egwu ===

* Woody Guthrie dere abụ akpọrọ &quot;Belle Starr&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://woodyguthrie.org/Lyrics/Belle_Starr.htm|title=Belle Starr lyrics by Woody Guthrie}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Margot Douaihy dere akwụkwọ docupoetry a na-akpọ &quot;Bandit/Queen: The Runaway Story of Belle Starr&quot; (2022), na-echepụta ndụ dị n'ime onye omekome ahụ, na-etinye Belle Starr dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-agba ọsọ, &quot;onye na-agbapụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bandit/Queen – Clemson University Press|url=https://libraries.clemson.edu/press/books/bandit-queen/|accessdate=2022-10-28|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Emmylou Harris na Mark Knopfler jikọrọ aka na 2006 All the Roadrunning gosipụtara egwu akpọrọ &quot;Belle Starr,&quot; nke Harris dere.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/belle-starr-mt0005708378|title=Belle Starr|work=AllMusic}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sissy Spacek dere egwu &quot;Some Small Crime&quot; banyere Starr ma soro Levon Helm bụrụ ya na The Midnight Special na 1980. 
* A kpọtụrụ 'ghost of Belle Starr' aha na &quot;Tombstone Blues&quot; na album [[Bob Dylan]] bụ Highway 61 Revisited (1965). Dylan kpọtụrụ Belle Starr aha na okwu nke &quot;Seeing The Real You at Last&quot; na album Empire Burlesque (1985).
* Belle Starr (1979) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke onye edemede America na onye nchịkọta akụkọ Speer Morgan.
* The Legend of Belle Starr (1979) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Stoney Hardcastle dere.
* Ogbugbu a na-edozighị nke Belle Starr bụ ihe ndabere maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Douglas C. Jones The Search for Temperance Moon (1991). A na-egosipụta onye dabeere na Pearl Starr, nwa nwanyị Belle, dị ka onye nwe ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na Fort Smith, Arkansas.
* Onye edemede ọdịda anyanwụ Pulp J.T. Edson gosipụtara Belle Starr n'ọtụtụ n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ ya dị ka mmasị ịhụnanya nke Mark Counter, otu n'ime ndị isi atọ na usoro ahụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Edson Guns in the Night gosipụtara na e gburu Belle Starr mgbe ọ dị ime nwa Mark Counter nke mere na ndị otu Floating Outfit jidere onye gburu ya.
* Otu n'ime mgbanwe ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche nke akụkọ ifo nke Belle Starr bụ nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri manga nke Japan bụ Akihiro Ito mere, onye na 1993 mepụtara manga a maara dị ka Belle Starr Bandits, nke dabeere na akụkọ ihe mere eme, eziokwu na ihe omume. Ọ pụtara na manga Gun Blaze West site na Nobuhiro Watsuki, dị ka otu n'ime ndị otu J.J. (Jesse James).   
* Belle Starr pụtara dị ka caricature na 1995 Belle Starr album nke usoro ihe nkiri Lucky Luke, nke Morris sere ma Xavier Fauche dere.
* Akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke afọ 2009 The Branch and the Scaffold nke Loren D. Estleman dere na-ekwu maka ndụ Belle Starr na mba ndị India ka ụzọ ya gafere nke Judge Isaac C. Parker.
* Akụkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Peter Mattheissen (The Killing of Mr. Watson Trilogy na ugbu a Shadow Country) gụnyere akụkọ banyere igbu Belle Starr nke E.J. Watson.
* Onye America na-agụ egwu obodo Michael Martin Murphey na-abụ abụ banyere ndụ Belle Starr n'abụ akpọrọ &quot;Belle Star&quot; na album ya ''Cowboy Songs III: Rhymes of the Renegades'' .
* Ndị otu Rival Sons dekọrọ egwu &quot;Belle Starr&quot; dị ka egwu nke asatọ na abọm ha nke afọ 2014, ''Great Western Valkyrie'' .
* Akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị nke Dick Wood dere na akụkọ ifo ya pụtara dị ka &quot;Belle Starr&quot; na Crime Does Not Pay #25.

=== Egwuregwu vidio ===

* Onye na-alụ ọgụ Belle na egwuregwu Brawl Stars dabeere na ya. Aha njikwa egwuregwu maka onye ọgụ ahụ bụ aha nna ya (Starr).
* Akara Black Belle na egwuregwu Red Dead Redemption 2 dabeere na Belle Starr.
* N'egwuregwu kaadị azụmaahịa a ma ama, Yu-Gi-Oh! , Monster Card, &quot;Magical Musketeer Starfire&quot; dabeere na Belle Starr.

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke igbu ọchụ a na-edozighị edozi (tupu 1900) 

== Edensibịa ==

=== Akwụkwọ ===

* {{Cite book|author=Shirley|first=Glenn|title=Belle Starr and Her Times: The Literature, the Facts and the Legends|location=Norman|publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]]|year=1982|isbn=0-8061-2276-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_LjptHB5d30C}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Belle Starrsite naAkwụkwọ ntuziaka nke Texas Online
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070701142323/http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/star-bel.htm Akụkọ ndụ zuru ezu nke Belle Starr]
* Belle Starr, Isiokwu nke Richard D. Arnott
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091110053818/http://www.4dbios.com/F3-SBizCrims.html Akụkọ ndụ nke Belle Starr na 4dbios]
* Belle StarrnaChọta Ili
* STARR, MYRA MAYBELLE SHIRLEY (1848-1889) na Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and CultureEncyclopedia nke Oklahoma Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme na Ọdịbendị
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
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    <title>Rachel Morello-Frosch</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361232987|Rachel Morello-Frosch]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Rachel A. Morello-Frosch''' bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị n'ihe gbasara [[Environmental health|ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi]] na ọkachamara n'ịmụ gbasara ọrịa na-efe efe na Amerịka, onye nyocha ya na-enyocha otú usoro na nhazi obodo si akpata ihe ndị na-ekpebi ọdịiche ahụike ma na-elekwasị anya nke ọma n'okwu [[Ikpe ziri ezi na gburugburu ebe obibi|ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi]] . Ọ bụ onye mbụ jidere ọkwa osote onye isi Mahadum  nke Ike, mgbanwe Ihu Igwe na Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Mahadum California, Berkeley &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kapoor|first=Maya L.|date=2026-04-22|title=UC Berkeley appoints Rachel Morello-Frosh as inaugural associate provost for energy, climate, and environment|url=https://news.berkeley.edu/2026/04/22/uc-berkeley-appoints-rachel-morello-frosh-as-inaugural-associate-provost-for-energy-climate-and-environment/|accessdate=2026-04-22|work=Berkeley News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; (UC Berkeley) yana ọkwa prọfesọ na Ngalaba Sayensị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Amụma na Njikwa na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ahụike Ọha. Na 2022, a họpụtara Morello-Frosch ka ọ bụrụ onye otu National Academy of Medicine maka ịbụ &quot;ọkachamara a ma ama na ihe ndị na-ekpebi nhazi nke enweghị nha anya [[Environmental health|n'ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi]] &quot; nakwa onye ndu n'itinye sayensị data nke obodo n'ọrụ.&quot;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Morello-Frosch nye Marta Eugenia Morello na Norbert Frosch ndị kwagara Amerịka. Nne ya si Argentina ma bụrụ prọfesọ n'ihe gbasara edemede Latin America na Mahadum Steetị Ohio nakwa na Mahadum California, Santa Cruz &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=In Memoriam: Martha E. Morello-Frosch|url=https://news.ucsc.edu/2011/01/martha-morello-frosch.html|publisher=University of California, Santa Cruz|accessdate=February 4, 2023|date=January 6, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; nna ya bụ onye Juu gbara ọsọ ndụ nke si Vienna Austria &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ancestry.com – undefined|url=https://www.myheritage.com/names/norbert_frosch|accessdate=2023-11-16|work=www.ancestry.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee ghọọ onye na-emepụta atụmatụ ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ.

Morello-Frosch nwetere nzere Bachelor of Arts na Development Studies, Master's of Public Health n'ihe gbasara Epidemiology na Biostatistics, ma nwete Ph.D. ya na Environmental Health Sciences na UC Berkeley.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch|url=https://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/people/rachel-morello-frosch|publisher=University of California, Berkeley|accessdate=February 4, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye otu 1995 nke Robert &amp; Patricia Switzer Foundation . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch|url=https://www.switzernetwork.org/users/rachel-morello-frosch|publisher=Robert &amp; Patricia Switzer Foundation|accessdate=February 4, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-emecha nzere doctorate ya, ọ gara ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa kansa ara.&lt;ref name=&quot;chemo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Minds fixed on 'chemo brain'|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/117936594/minds-fixed-on-chemo-brain/|accessdate=February 4, 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 14, 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'ịgbaso Ph.D. ya, Morello-Frosch mechara National Science Foundation Post-Doctoral fellowship na U.C. President's Postdoctoral Fellowship tupu ọ kụzie na San Francisco State's College of Health and Human Services. &lt;ref name=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Eighteen Brown Faculty Members Appointed to Named Professorships|url=https://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2004-05/04-053.html|publisher=Brown University|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=November 10, 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara bụrụ osote prọfesọ na Center for Environmental Studies na Department of Community Health na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike na Mahadum Brown . &lt;ref name=&quot;chemo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Minds fixed on 'chemo brain'|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/117936594/minds-fixed-on-chemo-brain/|accessdate=February 4, 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 14, 2003}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/117936594/minds-fixed-on-chemo-brain/ &quot;Minds fixed on 'chemo brain'&quot;]. ''Los Angeles Times''. July 14, 2003&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 4,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via newspapers.com.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọrụ a, ya na Manuel Pastor, Jr. dere nyocha gbasara mmetọ ikuku na Los Angeles. Nnyocha ha chọpụtara na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị nwere mmetọ ikuku kachasị elu nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ akwụkwọ kachasị nta. Ha chọpụtakwara na mmetọ ikuku nwere njikọ na mbelata arụmọrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Morello-Frosch|first=Rachel|title=Environmental Justice and Southern California's &quot;Riskscape&quot;: The Distribution of Air Toxics Exposures and Health Risks among Diverse Communities|journal=Urban Affairs Review|date=2001|volume=36|issue=4|pages=551–578|doi=10.1177/10780870122184993|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10780870122184993?journalCode=uarb|accessdate=February 5, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2004, a họpụtara Morello-Frosch dịka prọfesọ enyemaka nke ọmụmụ ahụike obodo na gburugburu ebe obibi nke Robert na Nancy.&lt;ref name=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Eighteen Brown Faculty Members Appointed to Named Professorships|url=https://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2004-05/04-053.html|publisher=Brown University|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=November 10, 2004}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2004-05/04-053.html &quot;Eighteen Brown Faculty Members Appointed to Named Professorships&quot;]. Brown University. November 10, 2004&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 5,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịgbaso nkwalite ya, Morello-Frosch na Bill Jesdale bipụtara nyocha na-egosi na ihe ize ndụ cancer sitere na nsị ikuku kachasị na mpaghara ndị akachasị kewapụ ekewapụ  na mba ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Morello-Frosch|first=Rachel|title=Separate and unequal: residential segregation and estimated cancer risks associated with ambient air toxics in U.S. metropolitan areas|journal=[[Environmental Health Perspectives]]|date=March 2006|volume=114|issue=3|pages=386–393|doi=10.1289/ehp.8500|pmid=16507462}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetakwara ihe nrite William G. McLoughlin nke afọ 2005 maka ịkụzi ihe nke ọma na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Mahadum Brown . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brown University and RISD Honor Colleagues in Awards Ceremony|url=https://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2005-06/05-124.html|publisher=Brown University|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=May 3, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Morello-Frosch laghachiri na UC Berkeley na 2007 dịka prọfesọ so na Ngalaba Sayensị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Amụma na Njikwa na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ahụike Ọha. Ọ gara n'ihu na-enyocha ihe ndị na-ekpebi nhazi nke enweghị nha anya n'ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi, ma na-elekwasị anya na mmetọ ikuku, kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu, ihe ndị na e mmetọ mmiri ọṅụṅụ, na ihe ndị na-eme na mgbanwe ihu igwe  tinyere mmetụta ha n'ahụike ndị nne, ụmụ ọhụrụ, na mmepe ụmụaka. Ọ mụọkwala mmetụta nke mmepe mmanụ na gasi na ahụike ọmụmụ nwa. Iji mata ọrụ ya gbasara ikpe ziri ezi na mgbanwe ihu igwe, Morello-Frosch natara ihe nrite Damu Smith Environmental Achievement Award  nke afọ 2010 site na Ngalaba Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke American Public Health Association. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Morello-Frosch receives accolades for environmental work|url=https://nature.berkeley.edu/news/2010/12/morello-frosch-receives-accolades-environmental-work|publisher=University of California, Berkeley|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=December 3, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge mbụ ọ malitere ọrụ na UC Berkeley, ọ malitere inwe mmasị na ịdị mma nke mmiri ọṅụṅụ n'ihi oké ọkọchị ogologo oge na California site na 2011 ruo 2017. Ya na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị mmekọ obodo rụkọrọ ọrụ nke mere ka o hiwe Water Equity Science Shop nke UC Berkeley Superfund Research Program Center. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch, Ph.D. – Partnering With Communities to Improve Water Quality and Access|url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/grantee-highlights/2020/index.cfm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410140442/https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/grantee-highlights/2020/index.cfm|archivedate=April 10, 2020|publisher=National Institutes of Health|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=November 24, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Drinking Water Tool: A Community-Driven Data Visualization Tool for Policy Implementation|journal=[[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]]|date=January 27, 2022|volume=19|issue=3|pmid=35162442|author=Pace|first=C.|doi=10.3390/ijerph19031419}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọrịa COVID-19, Morello-Frosch welitere nchegbu na anwụrụ ọkụ sitere n'ọkụ ọhịa nwere ike ime ka COVID-19 ka njọ n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke obere aerosol na ikuku nke nwere ike ime ka mgbaàmà COVID-19 ka njọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cahan|first=Eli|title=COVID-19 worries douse plans for fire experiments|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/covid-19-worries-douse-plans-fire-experiments|publisher=Science|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=September 11, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sokwa dee nyocha na-egosi na ịdị nso na mmepe mmanụ na gas dị elu na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa na ọnwụ metụtara COVID dịkwuo elu. Morello-Frosch esorowo ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ndị ọzọ, òtù obodo na ụlọ ọrụ rụkọọ ọrụ iji mepụta ngwá ọrụ asụsụ abụọ n'ịntanetị (Bekee / Spanish) nke na-agwa mkpebi gburugburu ebe obibi na ịkwalite ikpe ziri ezi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụfọdụ n'ime ngwaọrụ ndị a gụnyere Toxic Tides  iji nyochaa egwu idei mmiri metụtara mmụba nke oke osimiri na ebe ndị dị ize ndụ na Ngwá Ọrụ Mmiri Ọṅụṅụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Toxic Tides: Hazardous Facilities and Worsening Coastal Floods Put U.S. Communities at Risk {{!}} Climate Central|url=https://www.climatecentral.org/webinar/toxic-tides-webinar-2025|accessdate=2026-04-23|work=www.climatecentral.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke na-enyocha ogo mmiri ọṅụṅụ na ihe ịma aka ịnweta obodo ndị na-adabere na usoro mmiri ọha na eze na olulu mmiri ụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Pace|first=Clare|date=2022-01-27|title=The Drinking Water Tool: A Community-Driven Data Visualization Tool for Policy Implementation|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=19|issue=3|pages=1419|doi=10.3390/ijerph19031419|issn=1660-4601|pmid=35162442}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara Morello-Frosch na   ebe o nyere aka na mmepe nke Climate and Economic Justice Screening Too nke mere ka mmejuputa nke Junyere aka n'ịmepụta Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool, bụ ngwaọrụ nyere aka n'itinye mmemme Justice40 n'ọrụ. N'afọ sochirinụ, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu National Academy of Medicine maka ịbụ &quot;onye ọkachamara a ma ama na ihe ndị na-ekpebi nha anya n'ahụike nke gburugburu ebe obibi&quot; na &quot;onye ndú na n'iji sayensị data na-arụ ọrụ na obodo&quot;.  N'oge na-adịbeghị anya ọ bụ onye otu Radcliffe-Salata Climate Justice Fellow nke  Mahadum Harvard na 2025/26 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch elected to National Academy of Medicine|url=https://nature.berkeley.edu/news/2022/10/rachel-morello-frosch-elected-national-academy-medicine|publisher=University of California, Berkeley|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=October 17, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch|url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/people/rachel-morello-frosch|accessdate=2026-04-23|work=Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ Nkwado ==

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Morello-Frosch na di ya bụ David Eifler bụ ndị nne na nna kuchiri Milo Eifler, onye na-agbachitere otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Matthew|title=Where Is Illini LB Milo Eifler Getting His COVID-19 Info? A Cal-Berkeley Public Health Expert He Calls 'Mom'|url=https://www.si.com/college/illinois/football/illini-football-milo-eifler-covid19-rachel-morello-frosch-cal-berkeley|publisher=[[Sports Illustrated]]|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=July 2, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ Mpụga ==

* Rachel Morello-Frosch publications indexed by Google Scholar
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'''Rachel A. Morello-Frosch''' bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị n'ihe gbasara [[Environmental health|ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi]] na ọkachamara n'ịmụ gbasara ọrịa na-efe efe na Amerịka, onye nyocha ya na-enyocha otú usoro na nhazi obodo si akpata ihe ndị na-ekpebi ọdịiche ahụike ma na-elekwasị anya nke ọma n'okwu [[Ikpe ziri ezi na gburugburu ebe obibi|ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi]] . Ọ bụ onye mbụ jidere ọkwa osote onye isi Mahadum  nke Ike, mgbanwe Ihu Igwe na Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Mahadum California, Berkeley &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kapoor|first=Maya L.|date=2026-04-22|title=UC Berkeley appoints Rachel Morello-Frosh as inaugural associate provost for energy, climate, and environment|url=https://news.berkeley.edu/2026/04/22/uc-berkeley-appoints-rachel-morello-frosh-as-inaugural-associate-provost-for-energy-climate-and-environment/|accessdate=2026-04-22|work=Berkeley News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; (UC Berkeley) yana ọkwa prọfesọ na Ngalaba Sayensị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Amụma na Njikwa na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ahụike Ọha. Na 2022, a họpụtara Morello-Frosch ka ọ bụrụ onye otu National Academy of Medicine maka ịbụ &quot;ọkachamara a ma ama na ihe ndị na-ekpebi nhazi nke enweghị nha anya [[Environmental health|n'ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi]] &quot; nakwa onye ndu n'itinye sayensị data nke obodo n'ọrụ.&quot;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Morello-Frosch nye Marta Eugenia Morello na Norbert Frosch ndị kwagara Amerịka. Nne ya si Argentina ma bụrụ prọfesọ n'ihe gbasara edemede Latin America na Mahadum Steetị Ohio nakwa na Mahadum California, Santa Cruz &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=In Memoriam: Martha E. Morello-Frosch|url=https://news.ucsc.edu/2011/01/martha-morello-frosch.html|publisher=University of California, Santa Cruz|accessdate=February 4, 2023|date=January 6, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; nna ya bụ onye Juu gbara ọsọ ndụ nke si Vienna Austria &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ancestry.com – undefined|url=https://www.myheritage.com/names/norbert_frosch|accessdate=2023-11-16|work=www.ancestry.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee ghọọ onye na-emepụta atụmatụ ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ.

Morello-Frosch nwetere nzere Bachelor of Arts na Development Studies, Master's of Public Health n'ihe gbasara Epidemiology na Biostatistics, ma nwete Ph.D. ya na Environmental Health Sciences na UC Berkeley.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch|url=https://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/people/rachel-morello-frosch|publisher=University of California, Berkeley|accessdate=February 4, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye otu 1995 nke Robert &amp; Patricia Switzer Foundation . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch|url=https://www.switzernetwork.org/users/rachel-morello-frosch|publisher=Robert &amp; Patricia Switzer Foundation|accessdate=February 4, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-emecha nzere doctorate ya, ọ gara ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa kansa ara.&lt;ref name=&quot;chemo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Minds fixed on 'chemo brain'|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/117936594/minds-fixed-on-chemo-brain/|accessdate=February 4, 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 14, 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'ịgbaso Ph.D. ya, Morello-Frosch mechara National Science Foundation Post-Doctoral fellowship na U.C. President's Postdoctoral Fellowship tupu ọ kụzie na San Francisco State's College of Health and Human Services. &lt;ref name=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Eighteen Brown Faculty Members Appointed to Named Professorships|url=https://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2004-05/04-053.html|publisher=Brown University|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=November 10, 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara bụrụ osote prọfesọ na Center for Environmental Studies na Department of Community Health na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike na Mahadum Brown . &lt;ref name=&quot;chemo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Minds fixed on 'chemo brain'|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/117936594/minds-fixed-on-chemo-brain/|accessdate=February 4, 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 14, 2003}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/117936594/minds-fixed-on-chemo-brain/ &quot;Minds fixed on 'chemo brain'&quot;]. ''Los Angeles Times''. July 14, 2003&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 4,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt; &amp;#x2013; via newspapers.com.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọrụ a, ya na Manuel Pastor, Jr. dere nyocha gbasara mmetọ ikuku na Los Angeles. Nnyocha ha chọpụtara na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị nwere mmetọ ikuku kachasị elu nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ akwụkwọ kachasị nta. Ha chọpụtakwara na mmetọ ikuku nwere njikọ na mbelata arụmọrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Morello-Frosch|first=Rachel|title=Environmental Justice and Southern California's &quot;Riskscape&quot;: The Distribution of Air Toxics Exposures and Health Risks among Diverse Communities|journal=Urban Affairs Review|date=2001|volume=36|issue=4|pages=551–578|doi=10.1177/10780870122184993|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10780870122184993?journalCode=uarb|accessdate=February 5, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2004, a họpụtara Morello-Frosch dịka prọfesọ enyemaka nke ọmụmụ ahụike obodo na gburugburu ebe obibi nke Robert na Nancy.&lt;ref name=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Eighteen Brown Faculty Members Appointed to Named Professorships|url=https://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2004-05/04-053.html|publisher=Brown University|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=November 10, 2004}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2004-05/04-053.html &quot;Eighteen Brown Faculty Members Appointed to Named Professorships&quot;]. Brown University. November 10, 2004&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 5,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịgbaso nkwalite ya, Morello-Frosch na Bill Jesdale bipụtara nyocha na-egosi na ihe ize ndụ cancer sitere na nsị ikuku kachasị na mpaghara ndị akachasị kewapụ ekewapụ  na mba ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Morello-Frosch|first=Rachel|title=Separate and unequal: residential segregation and estimated cancer risks associated with ambient air toxics in U.S. metropolitan areas|journal=[[Environmental Health Perspectives]]|date=March 2006|volume=114|issue=3|pages=386–393|doi=10.1289/ehp.8500|pmid=16507462}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetakwara ihe nrite William G. McLoughlin nke afọ 2005 maka ịkụzi ihe nke ọma na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Mahadum Brown . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brown University and RISD Honor Colleagues in Awards Ceremony|url=https://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2005-06/05-124.html|publisher=Brown University|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=May 3, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Morello-Frosch laghachiri na UC Berkeley na 2007 dịka prọfesọ so na Ngalaba Sayensị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Amụma na Njikwa na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ahụike Ọha. Ọ gara n'ihu na-enyocha ihe ndị na-ekpebi nhazi nke enweghị nha anya n'ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi, ma na-elekwasị anya na mmetọ ikuku, kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu, ihe ndị na e mmetọ mmiri ọṅụṅụ, na ihe ndị na-eme na mgbanwe ihu igwe  tinyere mmetụta ha n'ahụike ndị nne, ụmụ ọhụrụ, na mmepe ụmụaka. Ọ mụọkwala mmetụta nke mmepe mmanụ na gasi na ahụike ọmụmụ nwa. Iji mata ọrụ ya gbasara ikpe ziri ezi na mgbanwe ihu igwe, Morello-Frosch natara ihe nrite Damu Smith Environmental Achievement Award  nke afọ 2010 site na Ngalaba Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke American Public Health Association. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Morello-Frosch receives accolades for environmental work|url=https://nature.berkeley.edu/news/2010/12/morello-frosch-receives-accolades-environmental-work|publisher=University of California, Berkeley|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=December 3, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge mbụ ọ malitere ọrụ na UC Berkeley, ọ malitere inwe mmasị na ịdị mma nke mmiri ọṅụṅụ n'ihi oké ọkọchị ogologo oge na California site na 2011 ruo 2017. Ya na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị mmekọ obodo rụkọrọ ọrụ nke mere ka o hiwe Water Equity Science Shop nke UC Berkeley Superfund Research Program Center. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch, Ph.D. – Partnering With Communities to Improve Water Quality and Access|url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/grantee-highlights/2020/index.cfm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410140442/https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/grantee-highlights/2020/index.cfm|archivedate=April 10, 2020|publisher=National Institutes of Health|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=November 24, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Drinking Water Tool: A Community-Driven Data Visualization Tool for Policy Implementation|journal=[[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]]|date=January 27, 2022|volume=19|issue=3|pmid=35162442|author=Pace|first=C.|doi=10.3390/ijerph19031419}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọrịa COVID-19, Morello-Frosch welitere nchegbu na anwụrụ ọkụ sitere n'ọkụ ọhịa nwere ike ime ka COVID-19 ka njọ n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke obere aerosol na ikuku nke nwere ike ime ka mgbaàmà COVID-19 ka njọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cahan|first=Eli|title=COVID-19 worries douse plans for fire experiments|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/covid-19-worries-douse-plans-fire-experiments|publisher=Science|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=September 11, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sokwa dee nyocha na-egosi na ịdị nso na mmepe mmanụ na gas dị elu na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa na ọnwụ metụtara COVID dịkwuo elu. Morello-Frosch esorowo ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ndị ọzọ, òtù obodo na ụlọ ọrụ rụkọọ ọrụ iji mepụta ngwá ọrụ asụsụ abụọ n'ịntanetị (Bekee / Spanish) nke na-agwa mkpebi gburugburu ebe obibi na ịkwalite ikpe ziri ezi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụfọdụ n'ime ngwaọrụ ndị a gụnyere Toxic Tides  iji nyochaa egwu idei mmiri metụtara mmụba nke oke osimiri na ebe ndị dị ize ndụ na Ngwá Ọrụ Mmiri Ọṅụṅụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Toxic Tides: Hazardous Facilities and Worsening Coastal Floods Put U.S. Communities at Risk {{!}} Climate Central|url=https://www.climatecentral.org/webinar/toxic-tides-webinar-2025|accessdate=2026-04-23|work=www.climatecentral.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke na-enyocha ogo mmiri ọṅụṅụ na ihe ịma aka ịnweta obodo ndị na-adabere na usoro mmiri ọha na eze na olulu mmiri ụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Pace|first=Clare|date=2022-01-27|title=The Drinking Water Tool: A Community-Driven Data Visualization Tool for Policy Implementation|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=19|issue=3|pages=1419|doi=10.3390/ijerph19031419|issn=1660-4601|pmid=35162442}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara Morello-Frosch na   ebe o nyere aka na mmepe nke Climate and Economic Justice Screening Too nke mere ka mmejuputa nke Junyere aka n'ịmepụta Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool, bụ ngwaọrụ nyere aka n'itinye mmemme Justice40 n'ọrụ. N'afọ sochirinụ, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu National Academy of Medicine maka ịbụ &quot;onye ọkachamara a ma ama na ihe ndị na-ekpebi nha anya n'ahụike nke gburugburu ebe obibi&quot; na &quot;onye ndú na n'iji sayensị data na-arụ ọrụ na obodo&quot;.  N'oge na-adịbeghị anya ọ bụ onye otu Radcliffe-Salata Climate Justice Fellow nke  Mahadum Harvard na 2025/26 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch elected to National Academy of Medicine|url=https://nature.berkeley.edu/news/2022/10/rachel-morello-frosch-elected-national-academy-medicine|publisher=University of California, Berkeley|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=October 17, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch|url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/people/rachel-morello-frosch|accessdate=2026-04-23|work=Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ Nkwado ==
Morello-Frosch ekwuola okwu n'ezoghị ọnụ gbasara ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi na ikike mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Na 2021,ya na ndị nkuzi ndị ọzọ na Mahadum California, o sonyeere akwụkwọ ozi a na-akpọ ngagharị iwe Palestine &quot;mmegharị zuru ụwa ọnụ maka nnwere onwe pụọ n'ọchịchị ndị mba ọzọ bi na obodo nakwa ịkpa ókè agbụrụ&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=UC Berkeley Faculty and Staff Statement in Support of Palestine |url=https://ethnicstudies.berkeley.edu/news/uc-berkeley-faculty-and-staff-statement-support-palestine |access-date=October 21, 2023 |date=May 20, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2018, o so hazie mmemme ncheta afọ iri na atọ nke Middle East Children's Alliance, otu ọrụ ebere na otu na-akwado Palestine nke katọrọ otú Israel si emeso ndị Palestine bi na Gaza Strip na West Bank nke a na-achịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=MECA 30th Anniversary Celebration &amp; Tribute to Barbara Lubin |url=https://www.mecaforpeace.org/event/meca-30th-anniversary-celebration-tribute-to-barbara-lubin/ |access-date=October 21, 2023 |date=2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Morello-Frosch na di ya bụ David Eifler bụ ndị nne na nna kuchiri Milo Eifler, onye na-agbachitere otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Matthew|title=Where Is Illini LB Milo Eifler Getting His COVID-19 Info? A Cal-Berkeley Public Health Expert He Calls 'Mom'|url=https://www.si.com/college/illinois/football/illini-football-milo-eifler-covid19-rachel-morello-frosch-cal-berkeley|publisher=[[Sports Illustrated]]|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=July 2, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
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== Njikọ Mpụga ==

* Rachel Morello-Frosch publications indexed by Google Scholar
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'''Rachel A. Morello-Frosch''' bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị n'ihe gbasara [[Environmental health|ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi]] na ọkachamara n'ịmụ gbasara ọrịa na-efe efe na Amerịka, onye nyocha ya na-enyocha otú usoro na nhazi obodo si akpata ihe ndị na-ekpebi ọdịiche ahụike ma na-elekwasị anya nke ọma n'okwu [[Ikpe ziri ezi na gburugburu ebe obibi|ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi]] . Ọ bụ onye mbụ jidere ọkwa osote onye isi Mahadum  nke Ike, mgbanwe Ihu Igwe na Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Mahadum California, Berkeley &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kapoor|first=Maya L.|date=2026-04-22|title=UC Berkeley appoints Rachel Morello-Frosh as inaugural associate provost for energy, climate, and environment|url=https://news.berkeley.edu/2026/04/22/uc-berkeley-appoints-rachel-morello-frosh-as-inaugural-associate-provost-for-energy-climate-and-environment/|accessdate=2026-04-22|work=Berkeley News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; (UC Berkeley) yana ọkwa prọfesọ na Ngalaba Sayensị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Amụma na Njikwa na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ahụike Ọha. Na 2022, a họpụtara Morello-Frosch ka ọ bụrụ onye otu National Academy of Medicine maka ịbụ &quot;ọkachamara a ma ama na ihe ndị na-ekpebi nhazi nke enweghị nha anya [[Environmental health|n'ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi]] &quot; nakwa onye ndu n'itinye sayensị data nke obodo n'ọrụ.&quot;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Morello-Frosch nye Marta Eugenia Morello na Norbert Frosch ndị kwagara Amerịka. Nne ya si Argentina ma bụrụ prọfesọ n'ihe gbasara edemede Latin America na Mahadum Steetị Ohio nakwa na Mahadum California, Santa Cruz &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=In Memoriam: Martha E. Morello-Frosch|url=https://news.ucsc.edu/2011/01/martha-morello-frosch.html|publisher=University of California, Santa Cruz|accessdate=February 4, 2023|date=January 6, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; nna ya bụ onye Juu gbara ọsọ ndụ nke si Vienna Austria &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ancestry.com – undefined|url=https://www.myheritage.com/names/norbert_frosch|accessdate=2023-11-16|work=www.ancestry.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee ghọọ onye na-emepụta atụmatụ ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ.

Morello-Frosch nwetere nzere Bachelor of Arts na Development Studies, Master's of Public Health n'ihe gbasara Epidemiology na Biostatistics, ma nwete Ph.D. ya na Environmental Health Sciences na UC Berkeley.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch|url=https://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/people/rachel-morello-frosch|publisher=University of California, Berkeley|accessdate=February 4, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye otu 1995 nke Robert &amp; Patricia Switzer Foundation . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch|url=https://www.switzernetwork.org/users/rachel-morello-frosch|publisher=Robert &amp; Patricia Switzer Foundation|accessdate=February 4, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-emecha nzere doctorate ya, ọ gara ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa kansa ara.&lt;ref name=&quot;chemo&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Minds fixed on 'chemo brain'|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/117936594/minds-fixed-on-chemo-brain/|accessdate=February 4, 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 14, 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'ịgbaso Ph.D. ya, Morello-Frosch mechara National Science Foundation Post-Doctoral fellowship na U.C. President's Postdoctoral Fellowship tupu ọ kụzie na San Francisco State's College of Health and Human Services. &lt;ref name=&quot;brown&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Eighteen Brown Faculty Members Appointed to Named Professorships|url=https://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2004-05/04-053.html|publisher=Brown University|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=November 10, 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara bụrụ osote prọfesọ na Center for Environmental Studies na Department of Community Health na ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike na Mahadum Brown . &lt;ref name=&quot;chemo&quot; /&gt; N'ọrụ a, ya na Manuel Pastor, Jr. dere nyocha gbasara mmetọ ikuku na Los Angeles. Nnyocha ha chọpụtara na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị nwere mmetọ ikuku kachasị elu nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ akwụkwọ kachasị nta. Ha chọpụtakwara na mmetọ ikuku nwere njikọ na mbelata arụmọrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Morello-Frosch|first=Rachel|title=Environmental Justice and Southern California's &quot;Riskscape&quot;: The Distribution of Air Toxics Exposures and Health Risks among Diverse Communities|journal=Urban Affairs Review|date=2001|volume=36|issue=4|pages=551–578|doi=10.1177/10780870122184993|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10780870122184993?journalCode=uarb|accessdate=February 5, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2004, a họpụtara Morello-Frosch dịka prọfesọ enyemaka nke ọmụmụ ahụike obodo na gburugburu ebe obibi nke Robert na Nancy.&lt;ref name=&quot;brown&quot; /&gt; N'ịgbaso nkwalite ya, Morello-Frosch na Bill Jesdale bipụtara nyocha na-egosi na ihe ize ndụ cancer sitere na nsị ikuku kachasị na mpaghara ndị akachasị kewapụ ekewapụ  na mba ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Morello-Frosch|first=Rachel|title=Separate and unequal: residential segregation and estimated cancer risks associated with ambient air toxics in U.S. metropolitan areas|journal=[[Environmental Health Perspectives]]|date=March 2006|volume=114|issue=3|pages=386–393|doi=10.1289/ehp.8500|pmid=16507462}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetakwara ihe nrite William G. McLoughlin nke afọ 2005 maka ịkụzi ihe nke ọma na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Mahadum Brown . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Brown University and RISD Honor Colleagues in Awards Ceremony|url=https://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2005-06/05-124.html|publisher=Brown University|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=May 3, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Morello-Frosch laghachiri na UC Berkeley na 2007 dịka prọfesọ so na Ngalaba Sayensị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, Amụma na Njikwa na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ahụike Ọha. Ọ gara n'ihu na-enyocha ihe ndị na-ekpebi nhazi nke enweghị nha anya n'ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi, ma na-elekwasị anya na mmetọ ikuku, kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu, ihe ndị na e mmetọ mmiri ọṅụṅụ, na ihe ndị na-eme na mgbanwe ihu igwe  tinyere mmetụta ha n'ahụike ndị nne, ụmụ ọhụrụ, na mmepe ụmụaka. Ọ mụọkwala mmetụta nke mmepe mmanụ na gasi na ahụike ọmụmụ nwa. Iji mata ọrụ ya gbasara ikpe ziri ezi na mgbanwe ihu igwe, Morello-Frosch natara ihe nrite Damu Smith Environmental Achievement Award  nke afọ 2010 site na Ngalaba Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke American Public Health Association. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Morello-Frosch receives accolades for environmental work|url=https://nature.berkeley.edu/news/2010/12/morello-frosch-receives-accolades-environmental-work|publisher=University of California, Berkeley|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=December 3, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge mbụ ọ malitere ọrụ na UC Berkeley, ọ malitere inwe mmasị na ịdị mma nke mmiri ọṅụṅụ n'ihi oké ọkọchị ogologo oge na California site na 2011 ruo 2017. Ya na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị mmekọ obodo rụkọrọ ọrụ nke mere ka o hiwe Water Equity Science Shop nke UC Berkeley Superfund Research Program Center. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch, Ph.D. – Partnering With Communities to Improve Water Quality and Access|url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/grantee-highlights/2020/index.cfm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410140442/https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/grantee-highlights/2020/index.cfm|archivedate=April 10, 2020|publisher=National Institutes of Health|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=November 24, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Drinking Water Tool: A Community-Driven Data Visualization Tool for Policy Implementation|journal=[[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]]|date=January 27, 2022|volume=19|issue=3|pmid=35162442|author=Pace|first=C.|doi=10.3390/ijerph19031419}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọrịa COVID-19, Morello-Frosch welitere nchegbu na anwụrụ ọkụ sitere n'ọkụ ọhịa nwere ike ime ka COVID-19 ka njọ n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke obere aerosol na ikuku nke nwere ike ime ka mgbaàmà COVID-19 ka njọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cahan|first=Eli|title=COVID-19 worries douse plans for fire experiments|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/covid-19-worries-douse-plans-fire-experiments|publisher=Science|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=September 11, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; O sokwa dee nyocha na-egosi na ịdị nso na mmepe mmanụ na gas dị elu na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa na ọnwụ metụtara COVID dịkwuo elu. Morello-Frosch esorowo ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ndị ọzọ, òtù obodo na ụlọ ọrụ rụkọọ ọrụ iji mepụta ngwá ọrụ asụsụ abụọ n'ịntanetị (Bekee / Spanish) nke na-agwa mkpebi gburugburu ebe obibi na ịkwalite ikpe ziri ezi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụfọdụ n'ime ngwaọrụ ndị a gụnyere Toxic Tides  iji nyochaa egwu idei mmiri metụtara mmụba nke oke osimiri na ebe ndị dị ize ndụ na Ngwá Ọrụ Mmiri Ọṅụṅụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Toxic Tides: Hazardous Facilities and Worsening Coastal Floods Put U.S. Communities at Risk {{!}} Climate Central|url=https://www.climatecentral.org/webinar/toxic-tides-webinar-2025|accessdate=2026-04-23|work=www.climatecentral.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke na-enyocha ogo mmiri ọṅụṅụ na ihe ịma aka ịnweta obodo ndị na-adabere na usoro mmiri ọha na eze na olulu mmiri ụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Pace|first=Clare|date=2022-01-27|title=The Drinking Water Tool: A Community-Driven Data Visualization Tool for Policy Implementation|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=19|issue=3|pages=1419|doi=10.3390/ijerph19031419|issn=1660-4601|pmid=35162442}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara Morello-Frosch na   ebe o nyere aka na mmepe nke Climate and Economic Justice Screening Too nke mere ka mmejuputa nke Junyere aka n'ịmepụta Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool, bụ ngwaọrụ nyere aka n'itinye mmemme Justice40 n'ọrụ. N'afọ sochirinụ, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu National Academy of Medicine maka ịbụ &quot;onye ọkachamara a ma ama na ihe ndị na-ekpebi nha anya n'ahụike nke gburugburu ebe obibi&quot; na &quot;onye ndú na n'iji sayensị data na-arụ ọrụ na obodo&quot;.  N'oge na-adịbeghị anya ọ bụ onye otu Radcliffe-Salata Climate Justice Fellow nke  Mahadum Harvard na 2025/26 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch elected to National Academy of Medicine|url=https://nature.berkeley.edu/news/2022/10/rachel-morello-frosch-elected-national-academy-medicine|publisher=University of California, Berkeley|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=October 17, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rachel Morello-Frosch|url=https://www.radcliffe.harvard.edu/people/rachel-morello-frosch|accessdate=2026-04-23|work=Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ Nkwado ==
Morello-Frosch ekwuola okwu n'ezoghị ọnụ gbasara ikpe ziri ezi gburugburu ebe obibi na ikike mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Na 2021,ya na ndị nkuzi ndị ọzọ na Mahadum California, o sonyeere akwụkwọ ozi a na-akpọ ngagharị iwe Palestine &quot;mmegharị zuru ụwa ọnụ maka nnwere onwe pụọ n'ọchịchị ndị mba ọzọ bi na obodo nakwa ịkpa ókè agbụrụ&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=UC Berkeley Faculty and Staff Statement in Support of Palestine |url=https://ethnicstudies.berkeley.edu/news/uc-berkeley-faculty-and-staff-statement-support-palestine |access-date=October 21, 2023 |date=May 20, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2018, o so hazie mmemme ncheta afọ iri na atọ nke Middle East Children's Alliance, otu ọrụ ebere na otu na-akwado Palestine nke katọrọ otú Israel si emeso ndị Palestine bi na Gaza Strip na West Bank nke a na-achịkwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=MECA 30th Anniversary Celebration &amp; Tribute to Barbara Lubin |url=https://www.mecaforpeace.org/event/meca-30th-anniversary-celebration-tribute-to-barbara-lubin/ |access-date=October 21, 2023 |date=2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Morello-Frosch na di ya bụ David Eifler bụ ndị nne na nna kuchiri Milo Eifler, onye na-agbachitere otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stevens|first=Matthew|title=Where Is Illini LB Milo Eifler Getting His COVID-19 Info? A Cal-Berkeley Public Health Expert He Calls 'Mom'|url=https://www.si.com/college/illinois/football/illini-football-milo-eifler-covid19-rachel-morello-frosch-cal-berkeley|publisher=[[Sports Illustrated]]|accessdate=February 5, 2023|date=July 2, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ Mpụga ==

* Rachel Morello-Frosch publications indexed by Google Scholar
{{Authority control}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362144136|Wind power]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Wind_power_plants_in_Xinjiang,_China.jpg|thumb|Ugbo ikuku na Xinjiang, China]]
[[Faịlụ:Electricity_production_by_source.svg|thumb|Mmepụta ọkụ eletrik n'ụwa site na isi iyi, 2000-2024]]
 
Ike ikuku bụ iji ike ikuku arụ ọrụ bara uru. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-eji ike ifufe eme ihe site n'iji ákwà mgbochi mmiri, igwe ikuku na ọkpọkọ ikuku, mana taa a na-ejikarị ya emepụta ọkụ eletrik. Isiokwu a na-ekwu maka naanị ike ifufe maka imepụta ọkụ eletrik. Taa, a na-eji turbine ikuku emepụta ike ifufe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam, nke a na-ejikọtakarị na ugbo ikuku ma jikọọ na grid eletrik. 

N'afọ 2025, ikuku nyere ihe dị ka TWh 2,700 nke ọkụ eletrik, nke karịrị 8% nke ọkụ eletrik ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ember-energy.org/data/electricity-data-explorer/?metric=absolute|title=Electricity Data Explorer|work=ember-energy.org|accessdate=June 12, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na ihe dị ka GW 100 agbakwunyere n'afọ 2021, ọkachasị na China na United States, ikike ike ikuku arụnyere n'ụwa niile ihe karịrị 800 GW.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind Power – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=IEA|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind energy generation vs. installed capacity|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/wind-energy-consumption-vs-installed-wind-energy-capacity|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=Our World in Data|archivedate=19 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019062311/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/wind-energy-consumption-vs-installed-wind-energy-capacity}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-25|title=Global wind industry breezes into new record|url=https://www.energylivenews.com/2022/03/25/global-wind-industry-breezes-into-new-record/|accessdate=2022-04-02|work=Energy Live News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mba iri atọ mepụtara ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ọkụ eletrik ha site na ike ikuku n'afọ 2024 na mmepụta ikuku fọrọ nke nta ka ọ mụbaa okpukpu atọ kemgbe afọ 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;ember2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-07|title=Global Electricity Review 2025|url=https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/global-electricity-review-2025/|accessdate=2025-04-13|work=Ember|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iji nyere aka mezuo ebumnuche Nkwekọrịta Paris iji belata mgbanwe ihu igwe, ndị nyocha na-ekwu na ọ ga-agbasa ngwa ngwa - site na ihe karịrị 1% nke mmepụta ọkụ eletrik kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Expansion of wind and solar power too slow to stop climate change|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211014141949.htm|accessdate=2021-11-24|work=ScienceDaily|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ike ikuku bụ isi iyi ike na-adịgide adịgide, nke a na-emegharị emegharị, ọ na-enwekwa obere mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi karịa ọkụ mmanụ ala. Ike ikuku na-agbanwe agbanwe, yabụ ọ chọrọ nchekwa ike ma ọ bụ isi iyi ike mmepụta ndị ọzọ a na-ebuga iji nweta ọkụ eletrik a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. Ugbo ikuku nke dị n'ala (n'ụsọ oké osimiri) nwere mmetụta anya dị ukwuu na ala karịa ọtụtụ ọdụ ike ndị ọzọ kwa ike emepụtara. &lt;ref name=&quot;grantham&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/faqs/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-onshore-wind-energy|title=What are the pros and cons of onshore wind energy?|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622123816/http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/faqs/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-onshore-wind-energy/|date=2018-01-12|archivedate=22 June 2019|work=Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;energyfootprint&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Nathan F.|author=Jones|doi=10.1093/biosci/biu224|title=The Energy Footprint: How Oil, Natural Gas, and Wind Energy Affect Land for Biodiversity and the Flow of Ecosystem Services|journal=[[BioScience]]|volume=65|issue=3|date=2015-01-22|accessdate=2022-11-09|pages=290–301|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/65/3/290/236920|issn=0006-3568}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugbo ikuku ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere mmetụta dị ala ma nwee ihe ndị dị elu, ọ bụ ezie na ha dị oke ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind Power – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=IEA|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power &quot;Wind Power – Analysis&quot;]. ''IEA''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power Archived] from the original on 23 November 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 November&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ike ikuku n'ụsọ oké osimiri ugbu a nwere òkè nke ihe dị ka 10% nke nrụnye ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 March 2020|title=Global Wind Report 2019|url=https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2019/|accessdate=28 March 2020|publisher=Global Wind Energy Council|archivedate=24 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624223720/https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2019/}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362144136|Wind power]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Wind_power_plants_in_Xinjiang,_China.jpg|thumb|Ugbo ikuku na Xinjiang, China]]
[[Faịlụ:Electricity_production_by_source.svg|thumb|Mmepụta ọkụ eletrik n'ụwa site na isi iyi, 2000-2024]]
 
Ike ikuku bụ iji ike ikuku arụ ọrụ bara uru. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-eji ike ifufe eme ihe site n'iji ákwà mgbochi mmiri, igwe ikuku na ọkpọkọ ikuku, mana taa a na-ejikarị ya emepụta ọkụ eletrik. Isiokwu a na-ekwu maka naanị ike ifufe maka imepụta ọkụ eletrik. Taa, a na-eji turbine ikuku emepụta ike ifufe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam, nke a na-ejikọtakarị na ugbo ikuku ma jikọọ na grid eletrik. 

N'afọ 2025, ikuku nyere ihe dị ka TWh 2,700 nke ọkụ eletrik, nke karịrị 8% nke ọkụ eletrik ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ember-energy.org/data/electricity-data-explorer/?metric=absolute|title=Electricity Data Explorer|work=ember-energy.org|accessdate=June 12, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na ihe dị ka GW 100 agbakwunyere n'afọ 2021, ọkachasị na China na United States, ikike ike ikuku arụnyere n'ụwa niile ihe karịrị 800 GW.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind Power – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=IEA|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind energy generation vs. installed capacity|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/wind-energy-consumption-vs-installed-wind-energy-capacity|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=Our World in Data|archivedate=19 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019062311/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/wind-energy-consumption-vs-installed-wind-energy-capacity}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-25|title=Global wind industry breezes into new record|url=https://www.energylivenews.com/2022/03/25/global-wind-industry-breezes-into-new-record/|accessdate=2022-04-02|work=Energy Live News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mba iri atọ mepụtara ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ọkụ eletrik ha site na ike ikuku n'afọ 2024 na mmepụta ikuku fọrọ nke nta ka ọ mụbaa okpukpu atọ kemgbe afọ 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;ember2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-07|title=Global Electricity Review 2025|url=https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/global-electricity-review-2025/|accessdate=2025-04-13|work=Ember|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iji nyere aka mezuo ebumnuche Nkwekọrịta Paris iji belata mgbanwe ihu igwe, ndị nyocha na-ekwu na ọ ga-agbasa ngwa ngwa - site na ihe karịrị 1% nke mmepụta ọkụ eletrik kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Expansion of wind and solar power too slow to stop climate change|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211014141949.htm|accessdate=2021-11-24|work=ScienceDaily|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ike ikuku bụ isi iyi ike na-adịgide adịgide, nke a na-emegharị emegharị, ọ na-enwekwa obere mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi karịa ọkụ mmanụ ala. Ike ikuku na-agbanwe agbanwe, yabụ ọ chọrọ nchekwa ike ma ọ bụ isi iyi ike mmepụta ndị ọzọ a na-ebuga iji nweta ọkụ eletrik a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. Ugbo ikuku nke dị n'ala (n'ụsọ oké osimiri) nwere mmetụta anya dị ukwuu na ala karịa ọtụtụ ọdụ ike ndị ọzọ kwa ike emepụtara. &lt;ref name=&quot;grantham&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/faqs/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-onshore-wind-energy|title=What are the pros and cons of onshore wind energy?|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622123816/http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/faqs/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-onshore-wind-energy/|date=2018-01-12|archivedate=22 June 2019|work=Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;energyfootprint&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Nathan F.|author=Jones|doi=10.1093/biosci/biu224|title=The Energy Footprint: How Oil, Natural Gas, and Wind Energy Affect Land for Biodiversity and the Flow of Ecosystem Services|journal=[[BioScience]]|volume=65|issue=3|date=2015-01-22|accessdate=2022-11-09|pages=290–301|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/65/3/290/236920|issn=0006-3568}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugbo ikuku ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere mmetụta dị ala ma nwee ihe ndị dị elu, ọ bụ ezie na ha dị oke ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind Power – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=IEA|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power &quot;Wind Power – Analysis&quot;]. ''IEA''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power Archived] from the original on 23 November 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 November&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ike ikuku n'ụsọ oké osimiri ugbu a nwere òkè nke ihe dị ka 10% nke nrụnye ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 March 2020|title=Global Wind Report 2019|url=https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2019/|accessdate=28 March 2020|publisher=Global Wind Energy Council|archivedate=24 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624223720/https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2019/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ike ikuku bụ otu n'ime ebe ọkụ eletrik kacha ọnụ ala maka otu nkeji ike a na-emepụta. N'ọtụtụ ebe, ugbo ikuku ọhụrụ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị ọnụ ala karịa ụlọ ọrụ kol ma ọ bụ gas ọhụrụ..&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Levelized Cost Of Energy, Levelized Cost Of Storage, and Levelized Cost Of Hydrogen|url=http://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of-energy-levelized-cost-of-storage-and-levelized-cost-of-hydrogen/|accessdate=2021-11-24|work=Lazard.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T11:16:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bigcee007</username>
        <id>24507</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362144136|Wind power]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Wind_power_plants_in_Xinjiang,_China.jpg|thumb|Ugbo ikuku na Xinjiang, China]]
[[Faịlụ:Electricity_production_by_source.svg|thumb|Mmepụta ọkụ eletrik n'ụwa site na isi iyi, 2000-2024]]
 
Ike ikuku bụ iji ike ikuku arụ ọrụ bara uru. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-eji ike ifufe eme ihe site n'iji ákwà mgbochi mmiri, igwe ikuku na ọkpọkọ ikuku, mana taa a na-ejikarị ya emepụta ọkụ eletrik. Isiokwu a na-ekwu maka naanị ike ifufe maka imepụta ọkụ eletrik. Taa, a na-eji turbine ikuku emepụta ike ifufe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam, nke a na-ejikọtakarị na ugbo ikuku ma jikọọ na grid eletrik. 

N'afọ 2025, ikuku nyere ihe dị ka TWh 2,700 nke ọkụ eletrik, nke karịrị 8% nke ọkụ eletrik ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ember-energy.org/data/electricity-data-explorer/?metric=absolute|title=Electricity Data Explorer|work=ember-energy.org|accessdate=June 12, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na ihe dị ka GW 100 agbakwunyere n'afọ 2021, ọkachasị na China na United States, ikike ike ikuku arụnyere n'ụwa niile ihe karịrị 800 GW.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind Power – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=IEA|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind energy generation vs. installed capacity|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/wind-energy-consumption-vs-installed-wind-energy-capacity|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=Our World in Data|archivedate=19 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019062311/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/wind-energy-consumption-vs-installed-wind-energy-capacity}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-25|title=Global wind industry breezes into new record|url=https://www.energylivenews.com/2022/03/25/global-wind-industry-breezes-into-new-record/|accessdate=2022-04-02|work=Energy Live News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mba iri atọ mepụtara ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ọkụ eletrik ha site na ike ikuku n'afọ 2024 na mmepụta ikuku fọrọ nke nta ka ọ mụbaa okpukpu atọ kemgbe afọ 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;ember2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-07|title=Global Electricity Review 2025|url=https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/global-electricity-review-2025/|accessdate=2025-04-13|work=Ember|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iji nyere aka mezuo ebumnuche Nkwekọrịta Paris iji belata mgbanwe ihu igwe, ndị nyocha na-ekwu na ọ ga-agbasa ngwa ngwa - site na ihe karịrị 1% nke mmepụta ọkụ eletrik kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Expansion of wind and solar power too slow to stop climate change|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211014141949.htm|accessdate=2021-11-24|work=ScienceDaily|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ike ikuku bụ isi iyi ike na-adịgide adịgide, nke a na-emegharị emegharị, ọ na-enwekwa obere mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi karịa ọkụ mmanụ ala. Ike ikuku na-agbanwe agbanwe, yabụ ọ chọrọ nchekwa ike ma ọ bụ isi iyi ike mmepụta ndị ọzọ a na-ebuga iji nweta ọkụ eletrik a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. Ugbo ikuku nke dị n'ala (n'ụsọ oké osimiri) nwere mmetụta anya dị ukwuu na ala karịa ọtụtụ ọdụ ike ndị ọzọ kwa ike emepụtara. &lt;ref name=&quot;grantham&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/faqs/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-onshore-wind-energy|title=What are the pros and cons of onshore wind energy?|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622123816/http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/faqs/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-onshore-wind-energy/|date=2018-01-12|archivedate=22 June 2019|work=Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;energyfootprint&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Nathan F.|author=Jones|doi=10.1093/biosci/biu224|title=The Energy Footprint: How Oil, Natural Gas, and Wind Energy Affect Land for Biodiversity and the Flow of Ecosystem Services|journal=[[BioScience]]|volume=65|issue=3|date=2015-01-22|accessdate=2022-11-09|pages=290–301|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/65/3/290/236920|issn=0006-3568}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugbo ikuku ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere mmetụta dị ala ma nwee ihe ndị dị elu, ọ bụ ezie na ha dị oke ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind Power – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=IEA|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power &quot;Wind Power – Analysis&quot;]. ''IEA''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power Archived] from the original on 23 November 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 November&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ike ikuku n'ụsọ oké osimiri ugbu a nwere òkè nke ihe dị ka 10% nke nrụnye ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 March 2020|title=Global Wind Report 2019|url=https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2019/|accessdate=28 March 2020|publisher=Global Wind Energy Council|archivedate=24 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624223720/https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2019/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ike ikuku bụ otu n'ime ebe ọkụ eletrik kacha ọnụ ala maka otu nkeji ike a na-emepụta. N'ọtụtụ ebe, ugbo ikuku ọhụrụ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị ọnụ ala karịa ụlọ ọrụ kol ma ọ bụ gas ọhụrụ..&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Levelized Cost Of Energy, Levelized Cost Of Storage, and Levelized Cost Of Hydrogen|url=http://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of-energy-levelized-cost-of-storage-and-levelized-cost-of-hydrogen/|accessdate=2021-11-24|work=Lazard.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mpaghara ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na ndịda latitudes nwere ikike kachasị elu maka ike ifufe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Global Wind Atlas|url=http://science.globalwindatlas.info/datasets.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224101415/http://science.globalwindatlas.info/datasets.html|archivedate=24 February 2020|accessdate=28 March 2020|publisher=DTU Technical University of Denmark}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọtụtụ mpaghara, mmepụta ike ikuku dị elu n'abalị, na n'oge oyi mgbe mmepụta ike anyanwụ dị ala. Ya mere, njikọta nke ikuku na ike anyanwụ dabara adaba n'ọtụtụ mba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nyenah|first=Emmanuel|date=2022-05-01|title=Pieces of a puzzle: solar-wind power synergies on seasonal and diurnal timescales tend to be excellent worldwide|journal=Environmental Research Communications|volume=4|issue=5|doi=10.1088/2515-7620/ac71fb|issn=2515-7620}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-06T11:20:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bigcee007</username>
        <id>24507</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362144136|Wind power]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Wind_power_plants_in_Xinjiang,_China.jpg|thumb|Ugbo ikuku na Xinjiang, China]]
[[Faịlụ:Electricity_production_by_source.svg|thumb|Mmepụta ọkụ eletrik n'ụwa site na isi iyi, 2000-2024]]
 
Ike ikuku bụ iji ike ikuku arụ ọrụ bara uru. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-eji ike ifufe eme ihe site n'iji ákwà mgbochi mmiri, igwe ikuku na ọkpọkọ ikuku, mana taa a na-ejikarị ya emepụta ọkụ eletrik. Isiokwu a na-ekwu maka naanị ike ifufe maka imepụta ọkụ eletrik. Taa, a na-eji turbine ikuku emepụta ike ifufe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam, nke a na-ejikọtakarị na ugbo ikuku ma jikọọ na grid eletrik. 

N'afọ 2025, ikuku nyere ihe dị ka TWh 2,700 nke ọkụ eletrik, nke karịrị 8% nke ọkụ eletrik ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ember-energy.org/data/electricity-data-explorer/?metric=absolute|title=Electricity Data Explorer|work=ember-energy.org|accessdate=June 12, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na ihe dị ka GW 100 agbakwunyere n'afọ 2021, ọkachasị na China na United States, ikike ike ikuku arụnyere n'ụwa niile ihe karịrị 800 GW.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind Power – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=IEA|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind energy generation vs. installed capacity|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/wind-energy-consumption-vs-installed-wind-energy-capacity|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=Our World in Data|archivedate=19 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019062311/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/wind-energy-consumption-vs-installed-wind-energy-capacity}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-25|title=Global wind industry breezes into new record|url=https://www.energylivenews.com/2022/03/25/global-wind-industry-breezes-into-new-record/|accessdate=2022-04-02|work=Energy Live News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mba iri atọ mepụtara ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ọkụ eletrik ha site na ike ikuku n'afọ 2024 na mmepụta ikuku fọrọ nke nta ka ọ mụbaa okpukpu atọ kemgbe afọ 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;ember2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-07|title=Global Electricity Review 2025|url=https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/global-electricity-review-2025/|accessdate=2025-04-13|work=Ember|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iji nyere aka mezuo ebumnuche Nkwekọrịta Paris iji belata mgbanwe ihu igwe, ndị nyocha na-ekwu na ọ ga-agbasa ngwa ngwa - site na ihe karịrị 1% nke mmepụta ọkụ eletrik kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Expansion of wind and solar power too slow to stop climate change|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211014141949.htm|accessdate=2021-11-24|work=ScienceDaily|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ike ikuku bụ isi iyi ike na-adịgide adịgide, nke a na-emegharị emegharị, ọ na-enwekwa obere mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi karịa ọkụ mmanụ ala. Ike ikuku na-agbanwe agbanwe, yabụ ọ chọrọ nchekwa ike ma ọ bụ isi iyi ike mmepụta ndị ọzọ a na-ebuga iji nweta ọkụ eletrik a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. Ugbo ikuku nke dị n'ala (n'ụsọ oké osimiri) nwere mmetụta anya dị ukwuu na ala karịa ọtụtụ ọdụ ike ndị ọzọ kwa ike emepụtara. &lt;ref name=&quot;grantham&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/faqs/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-onshore-wind-energy|title=What are the pros and cons of onshore wind energy?|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622123816/http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/faqs/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-onshore-wind-energy/|date=2018-01-12|archivedate=22 June 2019|work=Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;energyfootprint&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Nathan F.|author=Jones|doi=10.1093/biosci/biu224|title=The Energy Footprint: How Oil, Natural Gas, and Wind Energy Affect Land for Biodiversity and the Flow of Ecosystem Services|journal=[[BioScience]]|volume=65|issue=3|date=2015-01-22|accessdate=2022-11-09|pages=290–301|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/65/3/290/236920|issn=0006-3568}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugbo ikuku ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere mmetụta dị ala ma nwee ihe ndị dị elu, ọ bụ ezie na ha dị oke ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind Power – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=IEA|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power &quot;Wind Power – Analysis&quot;]. ''IEA''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power Archived] from the original on 23 November 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 November&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ike ikuku n'ụsọ oké osimiri ugbu a nwere òkè nke ihe dị ka 10% nke nrụnye ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 March 2020|title=Global Wind Report 2019|url=https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2019/|accessdate=28 March 2020|publisher=Global Wind Energy Council|archivedate=24 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624223720/https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2019/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ike ikuku bụ otu n'ime ebe ọkụ eletrik kacha ọnụ ala maka otu nkeji ike a na-emepụta. N'ọtụtụ ebe, ugbo ikuku ọhụrụ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị ọnụ ala karịa ụlọ ọrụ kol ma ọ bụ gas ọhụrụ..&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Levelized Cost Of Energy, Levelized Cost Of Storage, and Levelized Cost Of Hydrogen|url=http://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of-energy-levelized-cost-of-storage-and-levelized-cost-of-hydrogen/|accessdate=2021-11-24|work=Lazard.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mpaghara ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na ndịda latitudes nwere ikike kachasị elu maka ike ifufe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Global Wind Atlas|url=http://science.globalwindatlas.info/datasets.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224101415/http://science.globalwindatlas.info/datasets.html|archivedate=24 February 2020|accessdate=28 March 2020|publisher=DTU Technical University of Denmark}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọtụtụ mpaghara, mmepụta ike ikuku dị elu n'abalị, na n'oge oyi mgbe mmepụta ike anyanwụ dị ala. Ya mere, njikọta nke ikuku na ike anyanwụ dabara adaba n'ọtụtụ mba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nyenah|first=Emmanuel|date=2022-05-01|title=Pieces of a puzzle: solar-wind power synergies on seasonal and diurnal timescales tend to be excellent worldwide|journal=Environmental Research Communications|volume=4|issue=5|doi=10.1088/2515-7620/ac71fb|issn=2515-7620}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe onwunwe nke ike ikuku ==
[[Faịlụ:Mean_Wind_Speed.png|thumb|Map zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọsọ ikuku na mita 100 n'ala na gburugburu ụsọ mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;global_wind_atlas&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://globalwindatlas.info|title=Global Wind Atlas|publisher=[[Technical University of Denmark]] (DTU)|accessdate=23 November 2021|archivedate=18 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118095006/https://www.globalwindatlas.info/}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Faịlụ:Lee_Ranch_Wind_Speed_Frequency.svg|thumb|Nkesa ọsọ ikuku (uhie) na ike (acha anụnụ anụnụ) maka afọ 2002 niile na ebe Lee Ranch dị na Colorado. Histogram ahụ na-egosi data a tụrụ atụ, ebe usoro ahụ bụ nkesa ụdị Rayleigh maka otu ọsọ ikuku nkezi. ]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>672930</id>
      <parentid>672927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-06T11:26:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bigcee007</username>
        <id>24507</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wepu mgbanwe [[Special:Diff/672927|672927]] nke [[Special:Contributions/Bigcee007|Bigcee007]] ([[User talk:Bigcee007|talk]])</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Wind_power_plants_in_Xinjiang,_China.jpg|thumb|Ugbo ikuku na Xinjiang, China]]
[[Faịlụ:Electricity_production_by_source.svg|thumb|Mmepụta ọkụ eletrik n'ụwa site na isi iyi, 2000-2024]]
 
Ike ikuku bụ iji ike ikuku arụ ọrụ bara uru. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, a na-eji ike ifufe eme ihe site n'iji ákwà mgbochi mmiri, igwe ikuku na ọkpọkọ ikuku, mana taa a na-ejikarị ya emepụta ọkụ eletrik. Isiokwu a na-ekwu maka naanị ike ifufe maka imepụta ọkụ eletrik. Taa, a na-eji turbine ikuku emepụta ike ifufe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam, nke a na-ejikọtakarị na ugbo ikuku ma jikọọ na grid eletrik. 

N'afọ 2025, ikuku nyere ihe dị ka TWh 2,700 nke ọkụ eletrik, nke karịrị 8% nke ọkụ eletrik ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ember-energy.org/data/electricity-data-explorer/?metric=absolute|title=Electricity Data Explorer|work=ember-energy.org|accessdate=June 12, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na ihe dị ka GW 100 agbakwunyere n'afọ 2021, ọkachasị na China na United States, ikike ike ikuku arụnyere n'ụwa niile ihe karịrị 800 GW.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind Power – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=IEA|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind energy generation vs. installed capacity|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/wind-energy-consumption-vs-installed-wind-energy-capacity|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=Our World in Data|archivedate=19 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019062311/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/wind-energy-consumption-vs-installed-wind-energy-capacity}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-25|title=Global wind industry breezes into new record|url=https://www.energylivenews.com/2022/03/25/global-wind-industry-breezes-into-new-record/|accessdate=2022-04-02|work=Energy Live News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mba iri atọ mepụtara ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ọkụ eletrik ha site na ike ikuku n'afọ 2024 na mmepụta ikuku fọrọ nke nta ka ọ mụbaa okpukpu atọ kemgbe afọ 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;ember2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-07|title=Global Electricity Review 2025|url=https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/global-electricity-review-2025/|accessdate=2025-04-13|work=Ember|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iji nyere aka mezuo ebumnuche Nkwekọrịta Paris iji belata mgbanwe ihu igwe, ndị nyocha na-ekwu na ọ ga-agbasa ngwa ngwa - site na ihe karịrị 1% nke mmepụta ọkụ eletrik kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Expansion of wind and solar power too slow to stop climate change|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211014141949.htm|accessdate=2021-11-24|work=ScienceDaily|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ike ikuku bụ isi iyi ike na-adịgide adịgide, nke a na-emegharị emegharị, ọ na-enwekwa obere mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi karịa ọkụ mmanụ ala. Ike ikuku na-agbanwe agbanwe, yabụ ọ chọrọ nchekwa ike ma ọ bụ isi iyi ike mmepụta ndị ọzọ a na-ebuga iji nweta ọkụ eletrik a pụrụ ịdabere na ya. Ugbo ikuku nke dị n'ala (n'ụsọ oké osimiri) nwere mmetụta anya dị ukwuu na ala karịa ọtụtụ ọdụ ike ndị ọzọ kwa ike emepụtara. &lt;ref name=&quot;grantham&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/faqs/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-onshore-wind-energy|title=What are the pros and cons of onshore wind energy?|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622123816/http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/faqs/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-onshore-wind-energy/|date=2018-01-12|archivedate=22 June 2019|work=Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;energyfootprint&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Nathan F.|author=Jones|doi=10.1093/biosci/biu224|title=The Energy Footprint: How Oil, Natural Gas, and Wind Energy Affect Land for Biodiversity and the Flow of Ecosystem Services|journal=[[BioScience]]|volume=65|issue=3|date=2015-01-22|accessdate=2022-11-09|pages=290–301|url=https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/65/3/290/236920|issn=0006-3568}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ugbo ikuku ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nwere mmetụta dị ala ma nwee ihe ndị dị elu, ọ bụ ezie na ha dị oke ọnụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Wind Power – Analysis|url=https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power|accessdate=2021-11-23|work=IEA|language=en-GB|archivedate=23 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power &quot;Wind Power – Analysis&quot;]. ''IEA''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211123010357/https://www.iea.org/reports/wind-power Archived] from the original on 23 November 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;23 November&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ike ikuku n'ụsọ oké osimiri ugbu a nwere òkè nke ihe dị ka 10% nke nrụnye ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 March 2020|title=Global Wind Report 2019|url=https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2019/|accessdate=28 March 2020|publisher=Global Wind Energy Council|archivedate=24 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624223720/https://gwec.net/global-wind-report-2019/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ike ikuku bụ otu n'ime ebe ọkụ eletrik kacha ọnụ ala maka otu nkeji ike a na-emepụta. N'ọtụtụ ebe, ugbo ikuku ọhụrụ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị ọnụ ala karịa ụlọ ọrụ kol ma ọ bụ gas ọhụrụ..&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Levelized Cost Of Energy, Levelized Cost Of Storage, and Levelized Cost Of Hydrogen|url=http://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of-energy-levelized-cost-of-storage-and-levelized-cost-of-hydrogen/|accessdate=2021-11-24|work=Lazard.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mpaghara ndị dị n'ebe ugwu na ndịda latitudes nwere ikike kachasị elu maka ike ifufe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Global Wind Atlas|url=http://science.globalwindatlas.info/datasets.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224101415/http://science.globalwindatlas.info/datasets.html|archivedate=24 February 2020|accessdate=28 March 2020|publisher=DTU Technical University of Denmark}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọtụtụ mpaghara, mmepụta ike ikuku dị elu n'abalị, na n'oge oyi mgbe mmepụta ike anyanwụ dị ala. Ya mere, njikọta nke ikuku na ike anyanwụ dabara adaba n'ọtụtụ mba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nyenah|first=Emmanuel|date=2022-05-01|title=Pieces of a puzzle: solar-wind power synergies on seasonal and diurnal timescales tend to be excellent worldwide|journal=Environmental Research Communications|volume=4|issue=5|doi=10.1088/2515-7620/ac71fb|issn=2515-7620}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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